tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factitial Meningitis-Reply
Authors: Frederick W. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In Reply.—  We thank Dr Branson for relating her experience with another potential source of erroneous microbiologic results. The false-positive findings that we investigated derived from direct stains of cerebrospinal fluid (that had been contaminated by nonviable organisms in the specimen tubes of a commercial lumbar puncture tray); thus, we did not have to contend with the possibility of contaminated broth. There are, however, many well-recognized, though not always widely appreciated, laboratorybased sources of false-positive stain (and culture) results, including—in addition to contaminated media—contamination in other laboratory-prepared or commercial products such as stains and immersion oils. 1 Furthermore, methodologic problems may lead to cross-contamination of specimens or slides within the laboratory. 2 The problem cited by Dr Branson may especially confuse workers processing blood cultures since positive Gram stains of such cultures could not be readily called into question by visual inspection of the broth and would not usually have
Skin Lesions of the Aged and Their Association With Internal Changes
Authors: John P. Tindall, J. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This report presents data and analytical evaluation of 163 community volunteers, aged 64 and over, seen over a two-year period as one phase of the multidisciplinary investigation currently being conducted by the Duke University Regional Center for the Study of Aging. Incidences of skin lesions were tabulated and compared with incidences of skin problems in the aged leading to dermatology consultations, presenting complaints of all age groups seeking the dermatologist's aid, and incidences of skin lesions in samples of geriatric individuals as a group. The panelists' medical histories and physical examinations together with accessory clinical findings constituted variables and were subjected to chi-square (χ<sup>2</sup>) statistical testing with the dermatological history and physical examination variables to determine existing relationships.
GMC's guidance may inhibit research
Authors: S. J Leslie
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Academic clinical research, including the evaluation of new treatments, is central to providing high quality, cost effective care to patients, and it requires the cooperation and goodwill of the patients who volunteer to participate. The research process is externally regulated and monitored by ethics committees to ensure that patients are protected.

We welcome the debate on the Data Protection Act and access to patients' records,1–3 and wish to raise a related concern about the General Medical Council's recent guidelines on …
Abnormal Breathing During Sleep and Increased Central Chemoreflex Sensitivity in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Ian Wilcox, Stephen G. McNamara
Journal: Circulation (2000)

To the Editor:The data of Narkiewicz et al 1 expand our understanding of the importance of the imbalance between enhanced central versus peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure.The authors comment on the links between central cardiovascular and respiratory control, but despite this, patients in this study were not assessed for sleep apnea, which may have confounded their study conclusions.It is known that Ϸ50% of patients with stable congestive heart failure have associated sleep-disordered breathing, predominantly central sleep apnea (CSA), whereas a minority have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).We have previously shown that hypercapnic ventilatory responses are increased in patients with CSA and left ventricular dysfunction, 2,3 but hypoxic responses are normal.In contrast, patients with OSA have relatively normal central and peripheral chemoreflex responses whether they have congestive heart failure or not. 3,4ncreased central chemosensitivity is associated with hypocapnia during the awake state and unstable breathing during sleep.Although the etiology of this enhanced central chemosensitivity is not known, hyperventilation occurs as a consequence of this and is accompanied by increased sympathetic activity.Naughton et al 5 reported that treatment of central sleep apnea in congestive cardiac failure with nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure reduced awake sympathetic nerve activity.Thus, it does appear likely that the increased sympathetic efferent activity that characterizes left ventricular systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure may be due in part to the interaction between abnormal breathing during sleep and increased central chemoreflex sensitivity.
The Maturation of GABAergic Transmission in Visual Cortex Requires Endocannabinoid-Mediated LTD of Inhibitory Inputs during a Critical Period
Authors: Bin Jiang, Shiyong Huang, Roberto de Pasquale, Daniel Millman, Lihua Song, Hey-Kyoung Lee, Tadaharu Tsumoto, Alfredo Kirkwood
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Umbrellas in the Rain
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P3-12-09: The risk of brain metastases according to expression of selected immunohistochemical markers in primary breast cancers
Authors: K Sosinska-Mielcarek, P Winczura, R Duchnowska, A Badzio, H Majewska, J Lakomy, R Peksa, B Pieczynska, B Radecka, S Debska, J Zok, W Rogowski, M Strzelecka, M Kulma-Kreft, P Blaszczyk, M Litwiniuk, E Jesien-Lewandowicz, T Rutkowski, M Jaworska-Jankowska, K Adamowicz, M Foszczynska-Kloda, W Biernat, J Jassem
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: About 10–30% of breast cancer patients will develop brain metastases. In untreated patients with brain metastases the median survival is 1–2 months, and in those undergoing palliative radiotherapy — 3–6 months. The mechanism of brain metastases remains largely unknown. The identification of molecular markers might help in selecting high risk patients, and enable active surveillance, prevention and early treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze predictive value of expression of selected tumor proteins for the risk of brain metastases in breast cancer patients. Material and methods: This study included 198 advanced breast cancer patients treated between 2001 and 2007 in 11 oncology centers in Poland, including 96 woman with and 102 without overt brain metastases, respectively. The median age at diagnosis in these two groups was 52 and 60 years, respectively, with 52% and 32% of patients being premenopausal. Stage at diagnosis was similar in both groups and ductal carcinoma was a dominant histological type (76% and 86% of cases, respectively). Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded microarray cores derived from the primary tumor. Expression analysis included ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, CK5/6, EGFR, HER3, CXCR4, RAD51, E-cadherin, and claudin 3 and 4. Cox regression model was used to estimate the relative risk of brain metastases. Results: Expression of HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, RAD51 (both cytoplasmatic and nuclear staining), CXCR4 (cytoplasmatic staining) and Ki67 ≥14%, as well as ER or PR negativity was associated with increased risk of brain metastases in the univariate analysis (Table 1). Of those, Ki67 ≥14% (HR 2.76 [95%CI 1.70–4.48]; p &amp;lt; 0.001), cytoplasmatic expression of double strand DNA repair gene RAD51 (HR 1.87 [95%CI 1.14–3.08]; p = 0.014) and ER negativity (HR 1.72 [95%CI 0.36–0.94]; p = 0.029) were found to be significantly related to the risk of brain relapse in the multivariate analysis. Four molecular profiles composed of the latter three markers were created, of which a profile including ER, Ki67 and RAD51 was associated with the highest risk of brain metastases (HR 4.43 [95%CI 2.69–7.27]; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Molecular subtype analysis showed the highest risk of BM in the ER/PR/ HER2-negative (triple negative) subset (HR 1.21 [95%CI 1.11–1.32]; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Expression of proteins related to high tumor proliferation, DNA repair and ER negativity is associated with increased risk of brain metastases in breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-09.
Reply to Jens Rassweiler's Letter to the Editor re: Pascal Zehnder, Beat Roth, Frédéric Birkhäuser, et al. A Prospective Randomised Trial Comparing the Modified HM3 with the MODULITH® SLX-F2 Lithotripter. Eur Urol 2011;59:637–44
Authors: Pascal Zehnder, Urs E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2011)
A new biliary ”Y” stent for hilar tumors
Authors: M. Ramchandani, S. Lakhtakia, R. Gupta, M. Tandan, G. Rao, D. Reddy
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Palliative treatment of malignant hilar biliary strictures is difficult, especially when the stricture involves both the right and left hepatic ducts (Bismuth types II and higher). Drainage of both ductal systems is desirable because there is a risk of cholangitis after endoscopic biliary intervention if drainage is incomplete [1] [2]. The rates for mean survival, 30-day mortality, and death from sepsis in patients with Klatskin tumors are reported to be significantly better with bilateral self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) compared with unilateral stents [3]. Endoscopic placement of two parallel SEMS is technically demanding. To circumvent this problem, a ”Y“ stent has been designed which consists of two uncovered SEMS (Niti-S Biliary stent, Y type [Endoscopic approach]; TaeWoong Medical Co. Ltd., Kyonggi-Do, South Korea): the first SEMS has a radiologically marked segment with wider mesh holes in its middle part, through which the second stent is delivered on the other side (Figure [1]). We report a case of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth type III), which was successfully palliatively treated using this biliary Y stent.
Renoprotective Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade in Patients With Predialysis Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, and Anemia
Authors: Ta-Wei Hsu, Jia-Sin Liu, Szu-Chun Hung, Ko-Lin Kuo, Yu-Kang Chang, Yu-Chi Chen, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Der-Cherng Tarng
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

The benefit of using a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blocker such as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains undetermined. To assess the effectiveness and safety of ACEI/ARB use for advanced predialysis CKD in patients with hypertension and anemia. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Taiwan. From January 1, 2000, through June 30, 2009, we selected 28 497 hypertensive adult patients with CKD. Serum creatinine levels were greater than 6 mg/dL, hematocrit levels were less than 28%, and patients were treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Users (n = 14,117) and nonusers (n = 14,380) of ACEIs/ARBs. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for commencement of long-term dialysis and all-cause mortality for ACRI/ARB users vs nonusers. In a median follow-up of 7 months, 20,152 patients (70.7%) required long-term dialysis and 5696 (20.0%) died before progression to end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. Use of ACEIs/ARBs was associated with a lower risk for long-term dialysis (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.91-0.97]) and the composite outcome of long-term dialysis or death (0.94 [0.92-0.97]). The renal benefit of ACEI/ARB use was consistent across most patient subgroups, as was that of ACEI or ARB monotherapy. Compared with nonusers, the ACEI/ARB users had a higher hyperkalemia-associated hospitalization rate, but the risk of predialysis mortality caused by hyperkalemia was not significantly increased (HR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.92-1.16]; P = .30). Patients with stable hypertension and advanced CKD who receive therapy with ACEIs/ARBs exhibit an association with lower risk for long-term dialysis or death by 6%. This benefit does not increase the risk of all-cause mortality.
Structural Damage in the C. elegans Epidermis Causes Release of STA-2 and Induction of an Innate Immune Response
Authors: Yun Zhang, Wenna Li, Linfeng Li, Yuanbao Li, Rong Fu, Yi Zhu, Jie Li, Yanfeng Zhou, Sidong Xiong, Huimin Zhang
Journal: Immunity (2015)

The epidermis constantly encounters invasions that disrupt its architecture, yet whether the epidermal immune system utilizes damaged structures as danger signals to activate self-defense is unclear. Here, we used a C. elegans epidermis model in which skin-penetrating infection or injury activates immune defense and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. By systemically disrupting each architectural component, we found that only disturbance of the apical hemidesmosomes triggered an immune response and robust AMP expression. The epidermis recognized structural damage through hemidesmosomes associated with a STAT-like protein, whose disruption led to detachment of STA-2 molecules from hemidesmosomes and transcription of AMPs. This machinery enabled the epidermis to bypass certain signaling amplification and directly trigger AMP production when subjected to extensive architectural damage. Together, our findings uncover an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for the epithelial barriers to detect danger and activate immune defense.
Throwing Down the Gauntlet — Televised, Bipartisan Health Care Discussions
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In a high-stakes challenge on February 6, President Barack Obama put the contentious debate over health care reform legislation back into play by inviting Republican leaders to join him in a televised discussion of potential ways to break the current reform impasse. Obama has challenged Republicans to bring forward their best ideas during a half-day meeting on February 25 that will focus on ways of slowing the growth of health care expenditures and expanding coverage to millions of uninsured Americans. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky said that Republicans have accepted the invitation but urged Obama to shelve the . . .
Only the military can get the Ebola epidemic under control: MSF head
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), the humanitarian medical charity, has been on the front lines of the Ebola epidemic since it began.It has had a major role in the international effort to control the outbreak, caring for two thirds of the 8000 people in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia who have been infected.But in early September, after six months of battling Ebola in vain, and with the death toll mounting exponentially, MSF effectively admitted defeat and said that it would take major military mobilisation by wealthy countries with biohazard expertise, not just international aid, to stop the disease.The charity had doubled its staff, MSF's president, Joanne Liu, told the UN members, but it still was overwhelmed.Liu, a Canadian paediatrician who has worked for MSF in war zones and natural disasters for the past 18 years, called upon UN members to dispatch their disaster response teams, backed by the full weight of your logistical capabilities."Without this deployment, we will never get the epidemic under control," she said.
Vitamin D shows no clear evidence of benefits despite hundreds of studies
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The multiple claims for the benefits of vitamin D supplementation are unfounded, say two extensive meta-analyses published in the BMJ this week.1 2

Researchers argued that “universal conclusions about its [vitamin D’s] benefits cannot be drawn” and said that further studies and better designed trials were needed.

In an editorial commentators said that doctors should stop ordering expensive tests for 25-hydroxyvitamin D for asymptomatic patients, apart from those with bone related conditions.3

In the first study researchers from the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States carried out an umbrella review of 268 literature reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and clinical trials that had looked at the health outcomes associated with naturally circulating vitamin D and those from taking vitamin D supplements.1

Altogether they found that 137 different health outcomes were reportedly linked to vitamin D but found no convincing …
Bronchial carcinoma and long-term survival. Retrospective study of 433 patients who underwent resection.
Authors: G Freise, A Gabler, S Liebig
Journal: Thorax (1978)

The long-term follow-up of patients with bronchial carcinoma treated by surgery is presented. Of 471 patients who underwent thoracotomy, the tumour could not be resected in 38 (8%). Sixty-three (13.4%) died within the first four weeks; 125 (28.9%) survived more than five years. A high percentage developed either late metastases, late recurrences, or a second primary lung carcinoma. The results of surgical resection for bronchial carcinoma cannot be considered satisfactory, although resection remains the best treatment even in those patients with an apparently unfavourable prognosis. In spite of reservations regarding retrospective studies, conclusions can be drawn regarding diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. Questions concerning histological type, size, and site of tumour, and tumour stage can be answered only after an adequate postoperative interval. Five years after operation the patient who has apparently been successfully treated may die from a second primary carcinoma.
Physician Workforce Projections: Too Many or Just Right?
Authors: Robert M. Politzer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Cooper<sup>1</sup>implements a set of assumptions that produce a near balance between future supply and requirements for physicians. This conclusion is held by a minority of analysts.<sup>2</sup>Nonetheless, his analysis offers provocative argument for reexamining projections. Although several assumptions are debatable, we focus on Cooper's population projections, productivity adjustments, and analysis of nonphysician clinicians (NPCs). Cooper asserts that the US Bureau of the Census' midlevel population projections are too low, using instead a series between the Bureau of the Census' middle and high estimates. This assertion contradicts the Bureau of the Census' most recent data, which show that growth in 1994 and 1995 actually fell 9% below its mid-level 1993 projection (G. Spencer, PhD, Bureau of the Census, written communication, November 30, 1995). By choosing a higher figure, Cooper succeeds in lowering the physician population ratio by 13 per 100 000 in 2020, erasing
Effects of dopamine on isolated canine coronary arteries
Authors: N. TODA, L. I. GOLDBERG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Dopamine contracted isolated canine coronary arteries at initial concentrations of 5 × 10−6 mol/l. In the presence of phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine and after contraction of the arteries with K + or prostaglandin F2α, dopamine caused dose-related relaxation at initial concentrations of 5 × 10−6 mol/l and 10−6 mol/l. Propranolol, 10−6 mol/l, and haloperidol, 10−5 mol/l, did not antagonize the relaxation.
Abstract 278: Regulation of constitutive Met phosphorylation in breast cancer by EGFR
Authors: Kelly L. Mueller, Ramsi Haddad, ZengQuan Yang, Stephen P. Ethier, Julie L. Boerner
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer remains a major health problem, despite advances in detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Four genomic subtypes of breast cancer have been identified: luminal A and B, HER2 positive, and basal type breast cancers. Three of these subtypes help to define the proper targeted therapeutic as breast cancers of luminal subtypes tend to be estrogen receptor positive and treatable with tamoxifen while breast cancers of HER2 positive subtype are treatable with trastuzumab. The fourth subtype, the basal type breast cancers, has a poor prognosis and has yet to have a molecular target identified. One molecule highly expressed in basal type breast cancers is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, targeting EGFR kinase activity with small molecule kinase inhibitors has yet to show efficacy in the treatment of breast cancers. Recently, a panel of EGFR expressing breast cancer cell lines was characterized as sensitive or resistant to EGFR kinase inhibitors. One mechanism of resistance to EGFR kinase inhibitors was found to be the constitutive activation of Met, another molecule associated with basal type breast cancers. Here, the mechanism of constitutive Met activation in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistant breast cancer cells is explored. Previously, constitutive Met activation was found to associate with acquired EGFR inhibitor resistance in lung cancer via genetic amplification of Met. In the EGFR TKI resistant breast cancer cells with constitutive Met phosphorylation, Met was not amplified or significantly overexpressed. In addition, constitutive Met phosphorylation was found to occur independent of ligand (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)) stimulation, as HGF was not expressed in the breast cancer cell lines and inhibiting HGF association with Met via an inhibitory antibody failed to reduce Met phosphorylation. These data suggest a ligand-independent mechanism for Met constitutive phosphorylation. Interestingly, ligand-independent Met activation can be mediated by Met association with other membrane molecules including integrins, tetraspanins and receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that EGFR and Met co-associate and that this association occurs independent of EGFR or Met kinase activities. In addition, Met phosphorylation was reduced with EGFR TKIs as well as with downregulation of EGFR expression. Taken together, these data suggest that one potential mechanism of EGFR TKI resistance in breast cancer cells is the association and transphosphorylation of Met by EGFR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 278.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF KILLER (K)-CELLS
Authors: DIETRICH KRAFT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF KILLER (K)‐CELLS Get access DIETRICH KRAFT DIETRICH KRAFT Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna, Wahringerstrasse 13, A‐1090 Viemia, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue 4, 1 October 1976, Pages 449–452, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00850.x Published: 01 October 1976