tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing: survey design and methods for the allergen and endotoxin components.
Authors: Patrick J Vojta, Warren Friedman, David A Marker, Robert Clickner, John W Rogers, Susan M Viet, Michael L Muilenberg, Peter S Thorne, Samuel J Arbes, Darryl C Zeldin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

From July 1998 to August 1999, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences conducted the first National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing. The purpose of the survey was to assess children's potential household exposure to lead, allergens, and bacterial endotoxins. We surveyed a sample of 831 homes, representing 96 million permanently occupied, noninstitutional housing units that permit resident children. We administered questionnaires to household members, made home observations, and took environmental samples. This article provides general background information on the survey, an overview of the survey design, and a description of the data collection and laboratory methods pertaining to the allergen and endotoxin components. We collected dust samples from a bed, the bedroom floor, a sofa or chair, the living room floor, the kitchen floor, and a basement floor and analyzed them for cockroach allergen Bla g 1, the dust mite allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1, the cat allergen Fel d 1, the dog allergen Can f 1, the rodent allergens Rat n 1 and mouse urinary protein, allergens of the fungus Alternaria alternata, and endotoxin. This article provides the essential context for subsequent reports that will describe the prevalence of allergens and endotoxin in U.S. households, their distribution by various housing characteristics, and their associations with allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis.
Observer agreement in recording the clinical signs of nail disease and the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of fungal and non-fungal nail disease
Authors: C.L. Fletcher, R.J. Hay, N.C. Smeeton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Onychomycosis is increasing in incidence. To date, no studies have examined the detection of abnormalities of the nail apparatus, nor the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis and non-fungal nail disease.To assess the agreement between and within different groups of observers in detecting signs of nail disease, and to obtain information regarding clinical diagnostic skills.An observational study was performed. Nine observers, including dermatologists, mycologists, general practitioners and a dermatology clinical assistant, completed a questionnaire containing 21 clinical signs of nail disease during examination of nine patients, five with onychomycosis and four with non-fungal nail disease. Observers were additionally requested to suggest the most likely underlying diagnosis for the nail dystrophy. Mean pair observer agreement values were calculated for each of the clinical signs, between all observers and within groups of observers. The chance-corrected agreement index, kappa, was determined. From the clinical diagnoses given, the positive predictive value of a diagnosis of fungal and non-fungal nail disease was calculated.There was substantial between-observer agreement on only three clinical signs: abnormal nails on both hands, abnormal toenails and abnormal fingernails. More specific signs of nail disease such as onycholysis elicited weaker agreement. All observers showed accuracy in making a clinical diagnosis of fungal nail disease, with a mean positive predictive value of 0.91, compared with 0.77 for non-fungal nail disease.Our results showed that agreement between observers, in recording signs of nail disease, was generally poor. The clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis was highly likely to be correct, suggesting that other criteria are being employed by individuals in reaching the diagnosis.
Population-Based Assessment of Hospitalizations for Toxicity From Chemotherapy in Older Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Xianglin L. Du, Cynthia Osborne, James S. Goodwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

There are no population-based data on hospitalization rate for toxicity from breast cancer chemotherapy, and even large clinical trials often do not report this information. Medicare data, linked to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) tumor registries, are now used to assess rates of hospitalization for chemotherapy-related toxicity in a population-based setting.A total of 35,060 women diagnosed with stages I through IV breast cancer aged >or= 65 from 1991 through 1996 were identified from the SEER-Medicare linked program and studied. Patients were defined as being hospitalized for adverse effects of chemotherapy if there was a Medicare inpatient claim for neutropenia, fever, thrombocytopenia, or adverse effect of systemic therapy less than 7 months after diagnosis of breast cancer.More than 9% of women with breast cancer who received chemotherapy were admitted with the diagnosis of neutropenia, fever, thrombocytopenia, or adverse effect of systemic therapy, compared with 0.5% of women with breast cancer who did not receive chemotherapy. The rates for stage I to IV were 6.3%, 8.1%, 12.3%, and 13.2% in those treated with chemotherapy, and 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.7%, and 1.5% in women not treated with chemotherapy. The hospitalization rates for adverse effects increased significantly with comorbidity score and varied more than two-fold across the nine SEER areas but did not vary by age. Use of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy agents was associated with greater odds of these toxicities (eg, odds ratio, 2.53 for neutropenia; 95% confidence interval, 1.97 to 3.26).This study demonstrated the feasibility of using Medicare data to assess rates of hospitalization for serious toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy. Rates in actual practice were higher than those reported in clinical trials and did not vary by age.
In Situ Studies of the Primary Immune Response to (4-Hydroxy-3-Nitrophenyl)Acetyl. V. Affinity Maturation Develops in Two Stages of Clonal Selection
Authors: Yoshimasa Takahashi, Pinaki R. Dutta, Douglas M. Cerasoli, Garnett Kelsoe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

To examine the role of germinal centers (GCs) in the generation and selection of high affinity antibody-forming cells (AFCs), we have analyzed the average affinity of (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-specific AFCs and serum antibodies both during and after the GC phase of the immune response. In addition, the genetics of NP-binding AFCs were followed to monitor the generation and selection of high affinity AFCs at the clonal level. NP-binding AFCs gradually accumulate in bone marrow (BM) after immunization and BM becomes the predominant locale of specific AFCs in the late primary response. Although the average affinity of NP-specific BM AFCs rapidly increased while GCs were present (GC phase), the affinity of both BM AFCs and serum antibodies continued to increase even after GCs waned (post-GC phase). Affinity maturation in the post-GC phase was also reflected in a shift in the distribution of somatic mutations as well as in the CDR3 sequences of BM AFC antibody heavy chain genes. Disruption of GCs by injection of antibody specific for CD154 (CD40 ligand) decreased the average affinity of subsequent BM AFCs, suggesting that GCs generate the precursors of high affinity BM AFCs; inhibition of CD154-dependent cellular interactions after the GC reaction was complete had no effect on high affinity BM AFCs. Interestingly, limited affinity maturation in the BM AFC compartment still occurs during the late primary response even after treatment with anti-CD154 antibody. Thus, GCs are necessary for the generation of high affinity AFC precursors but are not the only sites for the affinity-driven clonal selection responsible for the maturation of humoral immune responses.
Goodpasture's Disease — New Secrets Revealed
Authors: David J. Salant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In this issue of the Journal, Pedchenko et al.1 increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of two forms of antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis. One, Goodpasture's disease, is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that is mediated by anti–glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies and has a pathology characterized by crescentic glomerulonephritis with linear immunofluorescent staining for IgG on the GBM. It typically presents as acute renal failure caused by a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, often accompanied by pulmonary hemorrhage, that may be life-threatening.The other form of glomerulonephritis, so-called Alport's post-transplantation nephritis, occurs in a small proportion of patients with Alport's syndrome after kidney transplantation. Alport's . . .
Restoration of Endothelial Function by Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein in Subjects With Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Radjesh J. Bisoendial, G. Kees Hovingh, Johannes H.M. Levels, Peter G. Lerch, Irmgard Andresen, Michael R. Hayden, John J.P. Kastelein, Erik S.G. Stroes
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Loss-of-function mutations in the ATP-binding cassette (ABCA)-1 gene locus are the underlying cause for familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia, providing a human isolated low-HDL model. In these familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia subjects, we evaluated the impact of isolated low HDL on endothelial function and the vascular effects of an acute increase in HDL.In 9 ABCA1 heterozygotes and 9 control subjects, vascular function was assessed by venous occlusion plethysmography. Forearm blood flow responses to the endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators serotonin (5HT) and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, and the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) were measured. Dose-response curves were repeated after systemic infusion of apolipoprotein A-I/phosphatidylcholine (apoA-I/PC) disks. At baseline, ABCA1 heterozygotes had decreased HDL levels (0.4+/-0.2 mmol/L; P<0.05), and their forearm blood flow responses to both 5HT (maximum, 49.0+/-10.4%) and L-NMMA (maximum, -22.8+/-22.9%) were blunted compared with control subjects (both P< or =0.005). Infusion of apoA-I/PC disks increased plasma HDL to 1.3+/-0.4 mmol/L in ABCA1 heterozygotes, which resulted in complete restoration of vasomotor responses to both 5HT and L-NMMA (both P</=0.001). Endothelium-independent vasodilation remained unaltered throughout the protocol.In ABCA1 heterozygotes, isolated low HDL is associated with endothelial dysfunction, attested to by impaired basal and stimulated NO bioactivity. Strikingly, both parameters were completely restored after a single, rapid infusion of apoA-I/PC. These findings indicate that in addition to its long-term role within reverse cholesterol transport, HDL per se also exerts direct beneficial effects on the arterial wall.
Renal Imaging Findings in Renal Vein Thrombosis: A Note of Caution
Authors: JOHN PETRONIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Renal vein thrombosis is a relatively uncommon disease that is being recognized with increasing frequency owing to both modern angiographic techniques and noninvasive modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and renal images. It is important to emphasize the various imaging manifestations of renal vein thrombosis, especially if a renal image precedes more invasive testing. The findings of a Tc-99m DTPA renal image with correlative images in a patient with documented renal vein thrombosis are discussed.
Long-term digoxin treatment in general practice.
Authors: P Curtis
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A questionnaire was sent to several general practitioners and specialists in an attempt to obtain a consensus on standards of care for patients receiving long-term digoxin treatment. The consultants' suggested standards were slightly more stringent than those of the general practitioners. The records of 42 patients taking digoxin under the care of two general practitioners were studied to see how far their actual care matched up to the suggested standards. The models of management proposed by these patients' doctors were only slightly different from those suggested by other practitioners, but measured against these models the patients' care was in some cases inadequate. Nevertheless, there was little relationship between the recorded levels of care and the health of the patient, and it may have been the standard of recording rather than the care that was inadequate. Measuring plasma digoxin levels in these patients proved to be of little value. Medical audit is thus a useful tool in helping the general practitioner to review his work and improve his knowledge, but it may not be a practical or true way of measuring the quality of care.
A Dose-Ranging Study of Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b and Ribavirin in Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Paul Glue, Regine Rouzier-Panis, Claude Raffanel, Ron Sabo, Samir K. Gupta, Margaret Salfi, Shiela Jacobs, Robert P. Clement
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The objectives of this study were to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of pegylated interferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron) plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. A total of 72 patients (35 men/37 women, age range 20-68 years) with clinically compensated chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) were enrolled into this open-label, randomized, active controlled study. Patients received either PEG-Intron 0.35, 0.7, or 1.4 μg/kg subcutaneously weekly for 24 weeks alone, or in combination with ribavirin 600, 800, or 1,000 to 1,200 mg orally daily. Patients were evaluated during treatment and after a 24-week follow-up period for safety and efficacy. Detailed pharmacokinetic assessments were performed at weeks 1 and 4. PEG-Intron alone produced expected dose-related reductions in white cells, neutrophils and platelets. Addition of ribavirin reduced hemoglobin levels in a dose-related manner, did not further reduce PEG-Intron-induced decreases in neutrophil or white cell count, and increased platelet counts. Neutrophil function tests (C5a and FMLP migration, killing curves) were unaltered. Reported adverse events (flu-like symptoms, asthenia) were qualitatively similar in all dose groups. Anti-HCV activity, as measured by loss of detectable serum HCV RNA ( i.e. &lt;100 copies/mL) at the end of treatment (week 24) and after 24 weeks of follow-up (week 48) showed dose-response trends for PEG-Intron. At each PEG-Intron dose level, anti-HCV activity was higher in patients coadministered ribavirin than in patients treated with PEG-Intron monotherapy. There was no evidence of pharmacokinetic interactions with either drug. We conclude that the safety and tolerability of combined PEG-Intron/ribavirin and PEG-Intron alone were comparable. Combined PEG-Intron/ribavirin showed dose-related synergistic anti-HCV effects, which were numerically superior to those obtained with PEG-Intron monotherapy. (Hepatology 2000;32:647-653.)
Emergency Medical Services: Factors Associated With Poor Survival
Authors: William H. Bickell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their article, Dr Lombardi and colleagues<sup>1</sup>examined out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival in New York City and found a dismal 1.4% overall rate. This well-designed study clearly documents a breakdown in the American Heart Association's "chain of survival," including delays in early access, initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), time to defibrillation, and time to advanced life support.<sup>2</sup>However, even when the survival analysis focused on patients with an optimal prognosis (such as those with a witnessed arrest in whom the presenting cardiac rhythm was ventricular fibrillation and bystanders provided CPR within 4 minutes), the observed survival was still far below the survival reported by other emergency medical services (EMS) systems.<sup>2</sup>Lombardi et al rejected the notion that the low survival rates may be related to EMS system performance. Indeed, they speculated that there were "certain sociodemographic features common to victims of cardiac arrest in
Successful Control of Pheochromocytoma in Pregnancy
Authors: Mary I. Griffith
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A 36-year-old gravida 3, para 2 woman developed symptoms of pheochromocytoma when 31 weeks pregnant. Successful medical control was achieved with phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (Dibenzyline). The patient was maintained on this drug for 41 days, during which time she was free of symptoms. Delivery by cesarean section and resection of the tumor were accomplished at 37 weeks gestation. Meticulous attention was given to preoperative preparation and management under anesthesia. Mother and infant have remained well for 22 months. (<i>JAMA</i>229:437-439, 1974)
Surgical Treatment Combined With Preoperative Concentrated Irradiation
Authors: Komei Nakayama
Journal: JAMA (1974)

When a three-stage operative procedure was performed on 303 patients with upperand mid-thoracic esophageal cancer, the operative mortality was 3.9%; the mortality was 8.1% in 294 patients treated by a one-stage operation.<sup>8</sup>Resectability also was extended with this method. Studies in animals of transplanted tumors revealed that amputation of the primary lesion in addition to irradiation, when it is performed early, provides the most satisfactory result with the longest survival time. Lymph node metastasis associated with surgical manipulation was definitely prevented by preoperative radiotherapy. The effect of irradiation is greater in patients who are treated with preoperative, concentrated irradiation than in those who are treated with fractional, preoperative irradiation. A dose of 2,000 to 2,500 rads given over four to five days of concentrated irradiation was found to be most practical and acceptable in 191 patients with esophageal cancer. This treatment caused no increase in operative mortality, operative difficulty,
Response to Comment on: Harte et al. High Fat Intake Leads to Acute Postprandial Exposure to Circulating Endotoxin in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects. Diabetes Care 2012;35:375–382
Authors: Alison L. Harte, Philip G. McTernan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The letter from Hansen et al. (1) raises an interesting question regarding the complexity of metabolic endotoxinemia and inflammation in vivo. Hansen et al. suggest endotoxin activity should induce an inflammatory response in our cohorts, as noted in a previous in vivo study, where healthy patients were inoculated with endotoxin (1,2). This has two elements to consider: firstly, the impact of endotoxin on inflammation in subjects, and secondly, the measurement of circulating endotoxin.
Dobutamine-induced wall motion abnormalities: Correlations with myocardial fractional flow reserve and quantitative coronary angiography
Authors: Jozef Bartunek, Thomas H. Marwick, Ana Clara T. Rodrigues, Marc Vincent, Eddy Van Schuerbeeck, Stanislas U. Sys, Bernard de Bruyne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Isolated lymph node T lymphoblastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia during interferon treatment
Authors: W.Y. Au, A.C.L. Chan, Y.L. Kwong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Isolated nodal T lymphoblastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with the marrow still in chronic phase is rare. A case of CML treated by α-interferon developed this unusual complication. However, after successful treatment of the blastic transformation, the patient remained responsive to interferon and maintained a major cytogenetic response for over 2 years. This case illustrated a rare clinical progression of CML on interferon treatment to isolated nodal T lymphoblastic transformation. This unusual form of blastic transformation may have a better prognosis than other forms of blastic crisis. Am. J. Hematol. 62:256–258, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Combined Treatment Strategies for Microtubule Stabilizing Agent-Resistant Tumors
Authors: Angela Broggini-Tenzer, Ashish Sharma, Katarzyna J. Nytko, Sabine Bender, Van Vuong, Katrin Orlowski, Daniel Hug, Terence O’Reilly, Martin Pruschy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Resistance to microtubule-stabilizing agents is a major hurdle for successful cancer therapy. We investigated combined treatment of microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs) with inhibitors of angiogenesis to overcome MSA resistance.
Recent Trials in Hypertension
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Noel S. Weiss, Curt D. Furberg
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A 4-Day-Old Neonate With a Widespread Vesicular Rash
Authors: Barry Ladizinski, Erik Rukhman, Kachiu C. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal