tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Enzymatic Cleaner and Glutaraldehyde-Based Disinfectant for Chemothermal Processing of Flexible Endoscopes in Washer-Disinfectors in Accordance with prEN ISO 15 883
Authors: B. Zühlsdorf, G. Kampf
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the cleaning process, the disinfection process, and a combination of the two in accordance with the new international standard, prEN ISO 15 883. Materials and Methods: The cleaning process consisted of a 1-min prerinse at 20 °C, followed by a 5-min cleaning step at 45 °C (with an enzymatic cleaner, 0.5 %), followed by a 1-min interim rinse from 45 °C to 55 °C. The disinfection process consisted of a 1-min prerinse at 20 °C, followed by a 5-min disinfection step at 55 °C (with a glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant, 1 %), followed by two final rinses of 1 min each at 55 °C. Transparent test pieces were contaminated with a mixture of blood and Enterococcus faecium, and were assessed for visible cleanliness and microbial load. Results: Cleaning alone, disinfection alone, and the combination of the two always led to visible cleanliness of all test pieces. The cleaning process revealed a mean reduction factor of ≥ 4.6 (n = 6); the disinfection process revealed a mean reduction factor of ≥ 9.0 (n = 6), and the combination of the two was found to reduce the test organism in the WD440 by 9.0 ± 0.2 log10 steps (n = 12) and in the AdaptaScope by 9.3 ± 0.4 log10 steps (n = 5). Conclusions: Overall, the entire process was found to be very effective and compatible for reprocessing flexible endoscopes in washer-disinfectors. No visible residual blood was found, despite the use of glutaraldehyde in the disinfection phase. These findings once again emphasize the importance of effective cleaning for the overall results when reprocessing flexible endoscopes.
A Brief Report on the Safety Study of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Synchronous Radiotherapy and Cetuximab in Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): SCRATCH Study
Authors: Simon Hughes, Janet Liong, Aisha Miah, Shahreen Ahmad, Martin Leslie, Peter Harper, Joseph Prendiville, Jonathan Shamash, Ramachandran Subramaniam, Andrew Gaya, James Spicer, David Landau
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Flexicollis and 'Floppy Head' Syndrome
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A question regarding "Rheumatoid Arthritis and Floppy Head" syndrome appeared in the Jan 4 issue of<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup>Neither of your two consultants appeared to be familiar with the problem. As the inquirer describes the case, it was not "floppy head" syndrome but, rather, overactivity of neck flexors. In 1978, we described this<sup>2</sup>in four women as "flexicollis." The cause is apparently cerebrovascular disease at the site of the neck-righting reflex. We have since seen four more persons—all female.
Survival, prognostic factors and rates of leukemic transformation in 381 untreated patients with MDS and del(5q): A multicenter study
Authors: U Germing, M Lauseker, B Hildebrandt, A Symeonidis, J Cermak, P Fenaux, C Kelaidi, M Pfeilstöcker, T Nösslinger, M Sekeres, J Maciejewski, D Haase, J Schanz, J Seymour, M Kenealy, R Weide, M Lübbert, U Platzbecker, P Valent, K Götze, R Stauder, S Blum, K-A Kreuzer, R Schlenk, A Ganser, W-K Hofmann, C Aul, O Krieger, A Kündgen, R Haas, J Hasford, A Giagounidis
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Revision of the Code.
Authors: None Inquirer
Journal: JAMA (1893)

To the Editor of theJournal of the American Medical Association: <h3>Sir:</h3> —The reply of "A Conservative Member" to my inquiry as to his opinion of the editorial in the<i>Medical News</i>of September 17, on revision of the "Code," is very instructive. It was to be expected that an original member of the Association would dwell with affectionate sympathy upon the origin of the Code, and the high character of its model—the famous letter of Dr. Percival. To many of the younger members this information will prove very useful, and I am sure that the sage reflections of your correspondent will greatly instruct and benefit all of your readers. It is undoubtedly true that the "Code" is the expression of the most exalted moral sentiments found in any literature, if we except the Holy Scriptures But the question at issue is not as to the matter of the "Code,"
Cadaveric Renal Homotransplantation With Inadvertent Transplantation of Carcinoma
Authors: Donald C. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The recipient of a cadaver renal transplant survived five months with satisfactory renal function. The donor of the graft died from a bronchogenic carcinoma. There was no gross evidence of metastasis in the kidney at the time of nephrectomy in the donor. Four months after transplantation, malignant cells were seen in a biopsy of the grafted organ. This tumor was histopathologically identical to that in the donor. The recipient died from widespread metastasis of transplanted cancer five months following renal grafting.
Penicillamine and The Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Mildred S. Seelig
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Sternlieb's article on penicillamine and the nephrotic syndrome (<b>198</b>:1311, 1966) was extremely interesting. The trouble he took to trace the isomer used, showing that only the DL form was implicated in each instance, is an important contribution. Whether pyridoxine inhibition may indeed have been involved in this nephropathology should still be considered. Agnew<sup>1</sup>described histologic lesions, which included glomerular lesions, subcapsular amorphous material, fibrosis, and dilatation, in pyridoxine-deficient rats. These changes are similar to those seen in the renal biopsy specimens, and reported by Adams et al.<sup>2</sup>It is of interest, also, that Adams' patient had a desquamative rash throughout her course of penicillamine therapy. Scaly skin has long been associated with B<sub>6</sub>deficiency in rats, and has more recently been produced in normal men given desoxypyridoxine.<sup>3</sup> If pyridoxine deficiency does prove to be a contributing factor in the renal pathology
Effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on short-term low-carbohydrate/high-fat intake-induced postprandial glucose metabolism during an oral glucose tolerance test
Authors: Shigeharu Numao, Hiroshi Kawano, Naoya Endo, Yuka Yamada, Masayuki Konishi, Masaki Takahashi, Shizuo Sakamoto
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Role of a second chemotherapy in recurrent malignant glioma patients who progress on bevacizumab
Authors: Eudocia C. Quant, Andrew D. Norden, Jan Drappatz, Alona Muzikansky, Lisa Doherty, Debra LaFrankie, Abigail Ciampa, Santosh Kesari, Patrick Y. Wen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2009)

Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that has efficacy in recurrent malignant gliomas, particularly in combination with irinotecan. However, responses are rarely durable. Continuation of bevacizumab in combination with another chemotherapeutic agent may demonstrate some activity. In this article we present a retrospective review of 54 patients with recurrent malignant gliomas who progressed on a bevacizumab-containing regimen and were then treated with an alternate bevacizumab-containing regimen. All patients received intravenous bevacizumab (5–10 mg/kg) every 2 weeks alone or in combination with an additional chemotherapeutic agent, such as irinotecan. There was no limit on the number of prior therapies. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were reviewed. Tumor progression was determined by a combination of clinical status and radiographic changes. Patients were 33 men, 21 women (median age, 50 years; range, 23–72 years) with a median KPS score of 80 prior to the first bevacizumab-containing regimen and 70 prior to the second regimen; median prior chemotherapy regimens including the first bevacizumab-containing regimen was 3 (range, 2–5). Median progression-free survival (PFS) on the first bevacizumab-containing regimen was 124 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 87–154 days); 6-month (6M)-PFS was 33%. Median PFS on the second bevacizumab-containing regimen was 37.5 days (95% CI, 34–42 days); 6M-PFS was 2%. Ten patients on the first regimen and 12 patients on the second regimen suffered grade 3/4 toxicities. Those patients with malignant gliomas who progressed despite a bevacizumab-containing regimen rarely responded to the second bevacizumab-containing chemotherapeutic regimen. In such patients, alternate therapies should be considered.
Histochemical Studies of Rheumatic Conditions: I. Observations on the Fine Structures of the Matrix of Normal Bone and Cartilage
Authors: H. T. Fawns, J. W. Landells
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1953)

Recently, specific enzymes have become available in highly purified form, which will attack the two main constituents of the ground substance of con- nective tissue.Collagenase (from CL.Welchii filtrates, purified by the method of Bidwell and van Heyningen, 1948), attacks collagen but has a negligible action on other proteins.Hyaluronidase (Benger) acts upon the mucopoly- saccharide components, not only those built up from hyaluronic acid as the repeating unit, but also upon chondrin, where the repeating unit is chon- droitin sulphuric acid.Trypsin, on the other hand, will digest the majority of normal proteins, but will not attack collagen unless this has been denatured by some form of pre-treatment, e.g. by heat or by 20 per cent.urea solution.The use of these enzymes for the differential removal of the ground substance components from histological sections, followed by specific staining methods for these components to see the extent to which they have been attacked by their enzymes, should provide a convenient method of investigating the chemical nature of rheumatic changes.But, before undertaking a study of rheumatoid material, it is necessary to apply the method to normal tissues: firstly, in order to obtain results which can be used as a set of controls, and secondly for purposes of standardizing the technique.The present communication deals with the results obtained from normal bone and cartilage. MethodsMaterial.-Thearticular cartilage of apparently nor- mal human knee joints obtained at autopsy was used.Sections of the whole thickness of the cartilage and the underlying articular lamella were used, either cut frozen without fixation or decalcification, or fixed in 70 per cent.ethanol and decalcified before paraffin embedding in
DIETARY CONTROL OF NEPHRITIS
Authors: MARTHA KOEHNE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In recent years, many articles have been published on dietaries in nephritis, diabetes, gastric and duodenal ulcer, and other diseases. A keen appreciation of the pathologic aspects of the disease in question has been shown in these papers, together with an earnest desire to work out a dietary plan that would aid most efficiently in controlling whatever chemical or physiologic abnormality was present. The authors of most of these articles have been physicians who have tried out these methods with more or less success in their private practice. Many of the recommendations made, however, are subject to criticism, in that they fail to recognize the fundamental principles of normal nutrition as established by the recent discoveries in this field.  People who need special advice on food are few in number in comparison with those who should be eating a normal, well balanced diet. Modern principles of normal nutrition are based
Investigating microcytic anaemia
Authors: W. O. Uprichard, J. Uprichard
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has been reported after vaccination with the AztraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and the Johnson and Johnson Ad26. COV2.S vaccines. This manuscript provides a brief overview of reported cases, clinical and laboratory features, and current understanding of the pathogenesis of VITT. The author also poses unananswered questions and identifies directions for future study.
Fashions in infant feeding.
Authors: P Wright
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Fashions in Infant Feeding SIR,-Your leading article (30 June, p. 727) summarized the dangers of feeding babies with milk containing too high a solute con- tent.It was stated that severe hypernatrae- mic dehydration may result from failure to follow the manufacturer's instructions.The method of making up a day's milk feeds (say 32 fl.oz. (900m)) using separate accurately measured single scoops is laborious and timeconsuming, and only the most meticulous mother is likely to produce regularly the de- sired concentration.I would suggest that a 4-unit scoop be also supplied with milk powders; or that the powder be supplied in sachets each containing four scoopfuls.I would also like to report that a popular brand of baby cereal sold widely in child welfare centres has the following instructions on the packets:"-is very effective when added to baby's last feed at night.According to age, up to one heaped teaspoonful for every 2 oz. of boiled water used in making the bottle feed will help baby and mother to have an unbroken nights' sleep."Un- fortunately, many mothers deduce that it may be helpful for peaceful days too, and not infrequently I have found that the extra solute is also being added to one or two feeds during the day.-Iam, etc.,
Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Diseases
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<b>Leucodystrophies and Poliodystrophies</b>, edited by P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (<i>Handbook of Clinical Neurology</i>, vol 10), 699 pp, with illus, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. (New York: American Elsevier Publishing Co.), 1970. These two volumes in the<i>Handbook of Neurology</i>series maintain the high standard of previous ones. Taken together, they provide a detailed reference work on demyelinating diseases, leukodystrophies, neurolipoidoses, and related topics. Each of the many authors is a recognized authority on the field about which he writes and has enough space to discuss his subject thoroughly. Inevitably a publication involving so many writers should be long in preparation. A few of the authors have died before the volumes appeared, but their contributions, like all the other chapters, have been brought as nearly up to date as can be reasonably expected. References include publications through 1969 and there are some 1970 articles. Illustrations, printing, and index maintain
Induction of Interleukin-8 Messenger RNA in Heart and Skeletal Muscle During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Stephanie A. Burns, Jane W. Newburger, Min Xiao, John E. Mayer, Amy Z. Walsh BSN, Ellis J. Neufeld
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Interleukin-8 (IL-8), the major neutrophil chemoattractant factor, contributes to inflammatory tissue injury by activating neutrophils and promoting their migration into tissue. IL-8 levels increase in serum of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The purpose of this study was to determine if IL-8 gene expression is activated in tissues subjected to CPB with or without hypothermic arrest. Methods and Results IL-8 transcript levels were measured by ribonuclease protection in samples of human atrium and skeletal muscle from children before and after CPB for repair of congenital heart defects. Results were quantified by PhosphorImager. Atrial IL-8 mRNA levels increased during CPB in 14 of 16 patients tested (median increase, 2.9-fold; P =.0029). In skeletal muscle, IL-8 mRNA increased in 11 of 12 patients (median, 12-fold; P =.012). Degree of IL-8 induction in atrium and muscle was not directly associated with total support time or cross-clamp time. Transcript increase in skeletal muscle occurred with or without a period of circulatory arrest, suggesting that the stimulus of CPB alone was sufficient to induce message production. Baseline values for IL-8 mRNA varied widely among patients in atrium and skeletal muscle. In situ hybridization analysis revealed diffuse increase in IL-8 mRNA throughout the tissue after CPB, with striking increase in some small veins. Conclusions We conclude that production of IL-8 mRNA occurs in most patients during CPB in both myocardium and skeletal muscle. This may result in high local IL-8 concentrations, contributing to the tissue injury after CPB.
Failures of Cobalamin Assays in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Ralph Carmel, Yash Pal Agrawal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The authors show that commercial tests for cobalamin levels provide false normal values in 22 to 35% of cases of pernicious anemia, the main disease they were designed to detect. The manufacturers need to solve the problem of interference of the assay by antibodies to intrinsic factor.
Randomized comparison of a strategy of predischarge coronary angiography versus exercise testing in low-risk patients in a chest pain unit: in-hospital and long-term outcomes
Authors: Christopher R deFilippi, Salvatore Rosanio, Monica Tocchi, Rohit J Parmar, Marjorie A Potter, Barry F Uretsky, Marschall S Runge
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Laparoscopy with Artificial Ascites
Authors: D. Raatz
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Since September, 1985 we have performed laparoscopy with artificial ascites on 52 patients. First a laparoscopy with a pneumoperitoneum (2-31 CO2) is initiated, as usual under general anesthesia. After performing an orientating inspection, the CO2 is replaced by 2-31 warm physiological saline. The gas-containing intestinal loops, the air-containing stomach and the greater omentum float on the surface of the liquid, thus causing the mesenterium to spread out. By immersing the optical instrument in the liquid, accurate inspection of the intra-peritoneal organs becomes possible. By additionally inserting the optical instrument in the right upper quadrant, examination of the omental bursa can be performed. Tumors and adhesions in the posterior abdominal cavity and between neighboring organs can be seen, and with practice surgery is even possible. Further mastery of the new technique will provide additional diagnostic information. The indication for "second-look laparotomy" or "staging laparotomy" has now been made questionable by laparoscopy with artificial ascites.
Drug Policy for an Aging Population — The European Medicines Agency's Geriatric Medicines Strategy
Authors: Francesca Cerreta, Hans-Georg Eichler, Guido Rasi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

At the European Medicines Agency, the aging of the population has prompted an analysis of whether the regulatory system is adapted to taking the needs of older people into account in the development, approval, and use of medications.
Ivory-Tower Humanist
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

"Medicine is today in part an applied science. Mathematics, physics, chemistry, and many departments of biology find applications... in the practice of all skillful physicians... A multitude of important new facts and theories, of new methods and routines, so far absorb the physician's attention and arouse his interest that the personal relations seem to have become less important, if not absolutely, at least relatively to the new and powerful technology of medical practice."Such were some of the words with which a writer began a Journal article not, as one might suppose, in 1973, but in 1935. The art of . . .
Fat Substitutes and Health
Authors: Judith Wylie-Rosett
Journal: Circulation (2002)

T he purpose of this Advisory is to review potential effects of fat substitutes on achieving the American Heart Association (AHA) dietary recommendations for fat intake and to examine the potential effects of fat substitutes on health.Fat substitutes are compounds incorporated into food products to provide them with some of the qualities of fat.Trends in dietary fat intake and the composition and labeling of fat substitutes also will be reviewed.The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel.Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.
More children are being treated on adult psychiatric wards, investigation shows
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

New figures have shown a marked rise in the number of children with acute mental health problems who are admitted to adult psychiatric wards.

Figures published by the BBC and the online journal Community Care also showed that many children were sent hundreds of miles for hospital care because of a shortage of beds at young people’s mental health units.

Peter Hindley, who chairs the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Faculty of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, said that admission to adult wards could be a “frightening” experience for young people who were already in a distressed state.

He said that the rising trend indicated “overwhelming” pressures on …
Deposition of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Its Effect on Soft Tissue Topography
Authors: Celimar Valentin‐Rodriguez, Tongalp H. Tezel, Albena Ivanisevic
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Bimodal imaging is utilized to characterize the topography of human tissue samples. The deposition of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on various surfaces – including surgical human inner limiting membrane (ILM) samples and collagen fibrillar sheets – was studied. Changes in composition were well defined with bimodal imaging when TA deposition was examined on mica. TA sedimentation resulted in observable changes in ILM topography when compared to collagen fibrillar sheets. The heterogeneous chemical and topographical features of the ILM tissues promoted the TA crystallization compared to the flatter and homogeneous collagen surfaces. Higher spatial resolution was achieved by imaging ILM samples in the new bimodal imaging mode. The most apparent difference was observed in the imaging of ILM samples which had been exposed to the steroid TA. The study demonstrated the usefulness of bimodal imaging to evaluate tissue samples.
Pigmented follicular cyst showing degenerating pigmented hair shafts on histology
Authors: None Iwahara, None Koike, None Ogawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Pigmented follicular cyst showing degenerating pigmented hair shafts on histology Get access Iwahara, Iwahara Department of Dermatology, Koto Hospital, 6‐8‐5 Ojima Koto ku, Tokyo 136, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koike, Koike Department of Dermatology, Koto Hospital, 6‐8‐5 Ojima Koto ku, Tokyo 136, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ogawa Ogawa Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 3‐1‐3 Hongo Bunkyo ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 2, 1 February 1999, Page 364, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02682.x Published: 01 February 1999
Scaling Up Treatment — Why We Can't Wait
Authors: Jim Yong Kim, Charlie Gilks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Many arguments have been raised over the years to justify not moving rapidly forward with antiretroviral treatment programs for people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS in settings with limited resources. The standard litany included the price of therapy as compared with the poverty of the patient, the complexity of the intervention, the lack of infrastructure for laboratory monitoring, and the staggering lack of trained health care providers. Narrow cost-effectiveness arguments have been commonplace. False dichotomies — prevention or treatment, rather than both — have too often gone unchallenged. Perhaps of greatest concern several years ago was . . .