tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs contribute to compensatory β cell expansion during pregnancy and obesity
Authors: Cécile Jacovetti, Amar Abderrahmani, Géraldine Parnaud, Jean-Christophe Jonas, Marie-Line Peyot, Marion Cornu, Ross Laybutt, Emmanuelle Meugnier, Sophie Rome, Bernard Thorens, Marc Prentki, Domenico Bosco, Romano Regazzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Pregnancy and obesity are frequently associated with diminished insulin sensitivity, which is normally compensated for by an expansion of the functional β cell mass that prevents chronic hyperglycemia and development of diabetes mellitus. The molecular basis underlying compensatory β cell mass expansion is largely unknown. We found in rodents that β cell mass expansion during pregnancy and obesity is associated with changes in the expression of several islet microRNAs, including miR-338-3p. In isolated pancreatic islets, we recapitulated the decreased miR-338-3p level observed in gestation and obesity by activating the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPR30 and the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor. Blockade of miR-338-3p in β cells using specific anti-miR molecules mimicked gene expression changes occurring during β cell mass expansion and resulted in increased proliferation and improved survival both in vitro and in vivo. These findings point to a major role for miR-338-3p in compensatory β cell mass expansion occurring under different insulin resistance states.
Hepatic blood flow and splanchnic oxygen consumption in patients with liver failure. Effect of high-volume plasmapheresis
Authors: Jens Otto Clemmesen, Alexander L. Gerbes, Veit Gülberg, Bent Adel Hansen, Fin Stolze Larsen, Claus Skak, Niels Tygstrup, Peter Ott
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Liver failure represents a major therapeutic challenge, and yet basic pathophysiological questions about hepatic perfusion and oxygenation in this condition have been poorly investigated. In this study, hepatic blood flow (HBF) and splanchnic oxygen delivery (DO2, sp) and oxygen consumption (VO2,sp) were assessed in patients with liver failure defined as hepatic encephalopathy grade II or more. Measurements were repeated after high-volume plasmapheresis (HVP) with exchange of 8 to 10 L of plasma. HBF was estimated by use of constant infusion of D-sorbitol and calculated according to Fick's principle from peripheral artery and hepatic vein concentrations. In 14 patients with acute liver failure (ALF), HBF (1.78 +/- 0.78 L/min) and VO2,sp (3.9 +/- 0.9 mmol/min) were higher than in 11 patients without liver disease (1.07 +/- 0.19 L/min, P <.01) and (2.3 +/- 0.7 mmol/min, P <.001). In 9 patients with acute on chronic liver disease (AOCLD), HBF (1.96 +/- 1.19 L/min) and VO2,sp (3.9 +/- 2.3 mmol/min) were higher than in 18 patients with stable cirrhosis (1.00 +/- 0.36 L/min, P <.005; and 2.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/min, P <.005). During HVP, HBF increased from 1.67 +/- 0.72 to 2.07 +/- 1.11 L/min (n=11) in ALF, and from 1.89 +/- 1.32 to 2.34 +/- 1.54 L/min (n=7) in AOCLD, P <.05 in both cases. In patients with ALF, cardiac output (thermodilution) was unchanged (6.7 +/- 2.5 vs. 6.6 +/- 2.2 L/min, NS) during HVP. Blood flow was redirected to the liver as the systemic vascular resistance index increased (1,587 +/- 650 vs. 2, 020 +/- 806 Dyne. s. cm-5. m2, P <.01) whereas splanchnic vascular resistance was unchanged. In AOCLD, neither systemic nor splanchnic vascular resistance was affected by HVP, but as cardiac output increased from 9.1 +/- 2.8 to 10.1 +/- 2.9 L/min (P <.01) more blood was directed to the splanchnic region. In all liver failure patients treated with HVP (n=18), DO2,sp increased by 15% (P <.05) whereas VO2,sp was unchanged. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and ET-3 were determined before and after HVP. Changes of ET-1 were positively correlated with changes in HBF (P <.005) and VO2,sp (P <.05), indicating a role for ET-1 in splanchnic circulation and oxygenation. ET-3 was negatively correlated with systemic vascular resistance index before HVP (P <.05) but changes during HVP did not correlate. Our data suggest that liver failure is associated with increased HBF and VO2, sp. HVP further increased HBF and DO2,sp but VO2,sp was unchanged, indicating that splanchnic hypoxia was not present.
Ventricular Fibrillation and Tachycardia after Intravenous Atropine for Treatment of Bradycardias
Authors: Rashid A. Massumi, Dean T. Mason, Ezra A. Amsterdam, Anthony DeMaria, Richard R. Miller, Melvin M. Scheinman, Robert Zelis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

SLOWING of heart rate to 60 or fewer beats per minute not only may reduce the cardiac output but also may lead to ventricular irritability.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Both these complications are particularl...
Effects of dietary supplementation with cod-liver oil on endothelium-dependent responses in porcine coronary arteries.
Authors: H Shimokawa, J Y Lam, J H Chesebro, E J Bowie, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To study the effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil on endothelium-dependent responses, Yorkshire pigs were maintained on a normal diet or on a low (0.6 ml/kg/day) or a high (1.0 ml/kg/day) dose of cod-liver oil for 4 weeks. Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro in rings of proximal left anterior descending coronary arteries taken from control and treated animals studied in parallel. Endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to bradykinin, serotonin, adenosine diphosphate, and thrombin were facilitated in arteries from treated but not in those from control animals, whereas the relaxations in response to A23187 were unaltered. The facilitated relaxations were not altered by indomethacin but significantly inhibited by methylene blue. Aggregating platelets from control and treated pigs induced comparable, facilitated endothelium-dependent relaxations in rings taken from treated pigs. The platelet-induced contractions were significantly reduced in rings with endothelium taken from treated pigs, and they were comparable in rings without endothelium in both groups. Aggregating platelets from control and treated pigs released comparable amounts of serotonin and thromboxane A2. Endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were unaltered, whereas transient endothelium-dependent contractions induced by arachidonic acid were significantly reduced by the treatment with cod-liver oil. Relaxations to sodium nitroprusside or isoproterenol,and contractions to potassium chloride or serotonin were not different in rings without endothelium from control or treated pigs. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with cod-liver oil facilitates endothelium-dependent relaxations and inhibits endothelium-dependent contractions in porcine coronary arteries.
Nifedipine and Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: JAMES L. VACEK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1984Nifedipine and Primary Pulmonary HypertensionJAMES L. VACEK, M.D., MAJ.JAMES L. VACEK, M.D., MAJ.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-3-458 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Rubin and associates on primary pulmonary hypertension (1) was interesting, and agrees with previously published experience (2, 3). The authors were appropriately cautious in describing their results, as many drugs have shown differing short- and long-term benefits in this syndrome (4, 5), without clear improvement in patient survival.Only five of the nine patients in this study had sustained benefit from nifedipine treatment. Mean follow-up in the six patients with an initial favorable response was only 7.3 months, which in view of the variable course of the disease may not be adequate to show...References1. RUBINNICODHILLISFIRTH LPLB. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with nifedipine: a hemodynamic and scintigraphic evaluation. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:433-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WISE J. Nifedipine in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J. 1983;105:693-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DEFEYTERKERKKAMPDEJONG PHJ. Sustained beneficial effect of nifedipine in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J. 1983;105:333-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DAOUDREEVESKELLY FJD. Isoproterenol as a potential pulmonary vasodilator in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1978;42:817-22. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RICHMARTINEZLAMLEVYROSEN SJWPK. Reassessment of the effects of vasodilator drugs in primary pulmonary hypertension: guidelines for determining a pulmonary vasodilator response. Am Heart J. 1983;105:119-27. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U.S.A.F. M.C. Keesler Medical Center Keesler AFB, MS 39534 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1984Volume 100, Issue 3Page: 458-459KeywordsDrugsPulmonary hypertension Issue Published: 1 March 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: H. V. Forster
Journal: BMJ (1931)

Acute otitis media is a disease quite regularly described as either catarrhal or purulent in type, the first beinig a mild form of the second or perhaps its earlier stage.AIi allergic type should be kept in mind.1There is, how- ever, a catarrhal variety which should be recognized as a definite clinical entity because fluid collects in the tympanum and is not easily dispelled-a hydr-ops e vacuo, perhaps, or at most the exudate of a mild inflammatory process.Pain is made little of, but fullness in the ear, deafness and head noises constitute the train of symptoms.This picturecontrasts sharply with the typical attack of acute purulent otitis media with which the followinig observations are chiefly concerned. ACUTE PURULENT OTITIS MEDIAThis as a rule is a definite bacterial infection.Pain, often excruciating, warns the unhappy subject, Nature crying out in alarm because a sense organ is in jeopardy.An invasion of the middle-ear cleft may mark the ruin of the auditory and vestibular systems and give rise to very serious intracranial and general complications.Such a gloomy picture with complications is fortunately the exception, but it obtrudes regularly enough to act as a stimulus and to encourage early operation in acute middle- ear disease.
Exposure assessment for workers applying DDT to control malaria in Veracruz, Mexico.
Authors: L Rivero-Rodriguez, V H Borja-Aburto, C Santos-Burgoa, S Waliszewskiy, C Rios, V Cruz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

DDT has systematically been used in sanitation campaigns against malaria in Mexico. To assess chronic occupational exposure, we studied a group of workers dedicated to spraying houses to control malaria vectors in the state of Veracruz. Exposure was directly estimated for a subgroup of 40 workers by measuring DDT metabolites in adipose tissue samples and indirectly estimated for 331 workers by using a questionnaire to determine their occupational history. Participants ranged in age from 20 to 70 years, and 80% of the workers had been employed in the sanitation campaign for at least 20 years. The mean concentrations of extractable lipids found in adipose tissue samples were as follows: total DDT, 104.48 micrograms/g; p,p'-DDE, 60.98 micrograms/g; p,p'-DDT, 31.0 micrograms/g; o,p'-DDT, 2.10 micrograms/g; and p,p'-DDD, 0.95 microgram/g. The DDT metabolite p,p'-DDE was selected as the indicator of chronic exposure. An index of chronic occupational exposure was constructed according to worker position and based on the historical duration and intensity of DDT application. A linear model including this index, the use of protective gear, and recent weight loss explained 55% of the variation of p,p'-DDE concentrations in adipose tissue. By this model, the predicted values of p,p'-DDE concentration in adipose tissue for the 331 workers are between 9.56 micrograms/g and 298.4 micrograms/g of fat, with a geometric mean of 67.41 micrograms/g. These high levels of DDT in adipose tissue call for exposure prevention programs and the promotion of more secure application measures and hygiene. We also discuss the use of indirect measures of DDT exposure in epidemiological studies of health effects.
On the limitations of the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI)
Authors: P.C.M. Kerkhof
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article On the limitations of the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) Get access P.C.M. van de Kerkhof P.C.M. van de Kerkhof Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 2, 1 February 1992, Pages 205–206, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07827.x Published: 01 February 1992
Diagnostic Concepts, Multimodal and Multiaxial Approaches in Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
Authors: W. Schneider, G. Heuft, H.J. Freyberger, P.L. Janssen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

Basic questions concerning diagnostic models in psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychosomatics are discussed in this paper. Against the background of the different areas in psycho-dynamic-oriented diagnoses, the advantages and disadvantages of descriptive multiaxial diagnostical models like DSM-III-R and ICD-10 are examined. These conceptual reflections have been built on the findings from participation in Germany of a great number of psychotherapeutic/psychosomatic institutions in the field trials for the assessment of the Diagnostic Criteria for Research of ICD-10, chapter V. Some of the most important issues this study has raised are discussed.
Airborne concentrations of PM(2.5) and diesel exhaust particles on Harlem sidewalks: a community-based pilot study.
Authors: P L Kinney, M Aggarwal, M E Northridge, N A Janssen, P Shepard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Residents of the dense urban core neighborhoods of New York City (NYC) have expressed increasing concern about the potential human health impacts of diesel vehicle emissions. We measured concentrations of particulate matter [less than/equal to] 2.5 micro in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on sidewalks in Harlem, NYC, and tested whether spatial variations in concentrations were related to local diesel traffic density. Eight-hour (1000-1800 hr) air samples for PM(2.5 )and elemental carbon (EC) were collected for 5 days in July 1996 on sidewalks adjacent to four geographically distinct Harlem intersections. Samples were taken using portable monitors worn by study staff. Simultaneous traffic counts for diesel trucks, buses, cars, and pedestrians were carried out at each intersection on [Greater/equal to] 2 of the 5 sampling days. Eight-hour diesel vehicle counts ranged from 61 to 2,467 across the four sites. Mean concentrations of PM(2.5) exhibited only modest site-to-site variation (37-47 microg/m(3)), reflecting the importance of broader regional sources of PM(2.5). In contrast, EC concentrations varied 4-fold across sites (from 1.5 to 6 microg/m(3)), and were associated with bus and truck counts on adjacent streets and, at one site, with the presence of a bus depot. A high correlation (r = 0.95) was observed between EC concentrations measured analytically and a blackness measurement based on PM(2.5) filter reflectance, suggesting the utility of the latter as a surrogate measure of DEP in future community-based studies. These results show that local diesel sources in Harlem create spatial variations in sidewalk concentrations of DEP. The study also demonstrates the feasibility of a new paradigm for community-based research involving full and active partnership between academic scientists and community-based organizations.
RECOMBINANT APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I MILANO DECREASES LEAFLET INFLAMMATION AND CALCIFICATION IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Giovanni Cimmino, Walter S. Speidl, Sammy Elmariah, Borja Ibanez, Randolph Hutter, Valentin Fuster, Juan Jose Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
IL-12 Plasmid Delivery by in Vivo Electroporation for the Successful Treatment of Established Subcutaneous B16.F10 Melanoma
Authors: M.Lee Lucas, Loree Heller, Domenico Coppola, Richard Heller
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been used in numerous immunotherapy protocols against melanoma. However, delivery of IL-12 in the form of recombinant protein can result in severe toxicity, and gene therapy has had limited success against B16.F10 murine melanoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of in vivo electroporation for the delivery of plasmid DNA encoding IL-12 as an antitumor agent against B16.F10 melanoma. We treated mice bearing established B16.F10 melanoma tumors with intratumoral (i.t.) or intramuscular (i.m.) injections of a plasmid encoding IL-12, followed by in vivo electroporation. For i.t. treatments, we used an applicator containing six penetrating electrodes to deliver 1500-V/cm, 100-μs pulses. We administered i.m. pulses with an applicator containing four penetrating electrodes delivering 100-V/cm, 20-ms pulses. The i.t. treatment resulted in the cure of 47% of tumor-bearing mice, and 70% of cured mice were resistant to challenge with B16.F10 cells. The i.m. treatment did not result in tumor regression. We found that i.t. treatment resulted in increased levels of IL-12 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) within the tumors, the influx of lymphocytes into the tumors, and reduction in vascularity. Neither i.m. nor i.t. treatment was successful against B16.F10 tumors in a nude mouse model, supporting a role for T cells in regression of this tumor model.
A Murmur from the Ductus Arteriosus in the Newborn Baby
Authors: E. D. Burnard
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Bi]UnNIeast in children.However, results of a "negative" type are of value, but results of a " positive " type must be interpreted with caution.We thank Dr. Nancy Hayward for constant help and advice, especially to one of us (R. F.
Basic Science and Translational Research in JAMA
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intranasal Calcitonin in the Treatment of Acute Charcot Neuroosteoarthropathy
Authors: Robert Bem, Alexandra Jirkovská, Vladimíra Fejfarová, Jelena Skibová, Edward B. Jude
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy (CNO) can lead to disruption of the bone architecture of the foot (1). Increased osteoclastic activity is believed to be responsible for the bone destruction in CNO (2). Previous studies showed COOH-terminal telopeptide region of type 1 collagen (1CTP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) as useful markers of bone turnover in patients with CNO (3–5).

Presently, only bisphosphonates have been demonstrated to have some benefit in patients with CNO (6). However, bisphosphonates may have potential disadvantages in that they decrease bone remodeling and are contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency (7).

Our previous study (8) showed positive effects of calcitonin on bone resorption in patients with acute CNO. In this study, we set out to assess the effect of calcitonin on bone metabolism and disease activity during a 6-month treatment with intranasal calcitonin in acute CNO.

Thirty-two consecutive patients with acute CNO were entered into the study. Subjects were recruited from our diabetic foot clinic during a 17-month period and were followed up for 6 months. The study was approved by the local ethics committee, and all participants gave written informed consent.

Acute CNO was defined by clinical signs: warm, swollen foot and skin temperatures ≥2°C at the site of maximum deformity of the affected foot compared with a similar site on the contralateral foot (infrared thermometer) and confirmed by plain X-ray and three-phase technetium bone scan (9). The presence of diabetic neuropathy was determined by measurement of vibration perception …
Cardiac manifestations of the mucopolysaccharidoses.
Authors: R M Schieken, R E Kerber, V V Ionasescu, H Zellweger
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The cardiovascular manifestations of the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) have not been well characterized. We studied nine children with various forms of MPS, using noninvasive cardiac diagnostic techniques. The echocardiograms of two brothers with Type I H/S MPS showed slow mitral valve early diastolic closure velocities (MVEDC) (18, 29 mm/sec) consistent with mitral stenosis. Each had a soft opening snap, low frequency presystolic murmurs and X-ray evidence of calcific mitral stenosis. Three patients with Type II A MPS had echocardiographic evidence of impaired left ventricular function, suggesting the presence of myocardial damage. One of these had an abnormal electrocardiogram; non had murmurs. No cardiac abnormalities were discovered in two patients with Type III A and IV MPS. One patient with Type VI A MPS had presystolic, holostolic and early diastolic murmurs. A soft opening snap was recorded. The echocardiogram showed a slow MVEDC (18 mm/sec) and a slightly enlarged left atrial dimension (2.2 cm/m2). In summary, noninvasive studies are useful in evaluating patients with MPS. Type I H/S and Type VI A patients may show evidence of valvular deformity, the former associated with mitral valvular calcification and the latter with both aortic and mitral valve involvement. Type II A patients have muscle function abnormalities and Type III A and IV are shown by noninvasive methods to be free of cardiovascular abnormalities.