tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial outbreak of group C meningococcal disease.
Authors: N. H. Riewerts Eriksen, F. Espersen, L. Laursen, P. Skinhoj, N. Hoiby, I. Lind
Journal: BMJ (1989)

We report three cases of fetal arrhythmia resulting from excessive intake of caffeine by the mother during pregnancy. Case reportsCase I-The patient was a 26 year old woman (gravida 5, para 2).From 34 to 36 weeks of gestation preterm labour was successfully suppressed with fenoterol.Ten days later, when labour began spon- taneously, the fetal heart rhythm was totally irregular; it had previously been regular.She gave birth to a boy who weighed 3100 g; his Apgar score at 5 minutes was 8. Electrocardiography showed frequent blocked extrasystoles resulting in bradycardia.After three days the extrasystoles stopped without medical intervention.Chest radiography, echocardiography, and laboratory tests yielded normal results.The only remarkable finding was that the woman had drunk 10 cups of coffee (1500 ml) during the last hours before delivery.The baby's urine contained caffeine.Case 2-A 23 year old woman was admitted to this hospital at 40 weeks' gestation to deliver her first baby.The fetal heart beat was irregular, although three weeks previously it had been regular as measured by cardiotocography.Echocardiography of the fetal heart did not show any abnormalities.The woman told us that she had drunk 1 5 litres of cola a day during the past two weeks because of the hot weather.She delivered a girl who weighed 2680 g; the Apgar score at 5 minutes was 9.During and after delivery the fetal heart beat remained irregular.Postpartum electrocardiography showed frequent supraventricular extrasystoles.Laboratory tests yielded normal results.Over three days the arrhythmia gradually resolved.The baby's urine was not tested for caffeine.which four were group C:2a), whereas none of the 247 staff in the departments of infectious diseases and rheumatology were found to be group C carriers (p<005, X2 test) (table).All the C:2a strains among the isolates were resistant to sulphonamide.Swabs that
Time course of expression of mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase and generation of nitric oxide by ultraviolet B in keratinocyte cell lines
Authors: S.J. Seo, H.G. Choi, H.J. Chung, C.K. Hong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Nitric oxide (NO), the ubiquitous free radical, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including sunburn and ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐induced pigmentation, and it also seems to play an important part in host defence against bacterial infection. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of production of NO and time course of expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by UVB irradiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in keratinocyte cell lines. Furthermore, we intended to elucidate the relationship between iNOS and NO in various stimulated conditions. Methods Normal human keratinocytes (NHK), HaCaT cells and PAM212 cells were irradiated with UVB at a dose of 50 mJ cm−2 and 100 mJ cm−2. Separately, the cell lines were stimulated with 20 µg of LPS. NO was measured by the Griess assay and iNOS mRNA was isolated by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after stimulation. Results The generation of NO was induced by UVB irradiation and LPS stimulation. NO production was significantly increased at 72 h after irradiation of UVB 100 mJ cm−2 in NHK, and at 48 and 72 h in HaCaT cells. In PAM212 cells, NO production was significantly increased at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h by UVB 100 mJ cm−2 and at 72 h by LPS. Induction of iNOS mRNA peaked at 48 h and then decreased to basal level at 72 h when treated with UVB irradiation. The time course of production of NO was approximately correlated with the timing of induction of iNOS mRNA. Conclusions These results suggest that the expression of iNOS mRNA is upregulated by UVB irradiation, and that NO produced by this inducible enzyme may play a part as a mediator or an immunomodulator in UV‐induced skin reactions such as sunburn reaction and photo‐induced immune alterations.
The biopsychosocial context of ADHD
Authors: Seija Sandberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) represents adaptation to defective neurotransmission – an adaptation seldom with benefit. the resulting behavioural style not only increases vulnerability to adverse experiences, but also creates a context in which encountering adversity is more likely. furthermore, the fact that adhd is a highly heritable condition increases the probability of a child with a compromised neurobiological disposition being raised by caregivers with suboptimal resources.
Self‐Healing Materials: Autonomic Healing of Acrylic Bone Cement (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2/2015)
Authors: A. Sydney Gladman, Asha‐Dee N. Celestine, Nancy R. Sottos, Scott R. White
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Inspired by damage repair in biological systems, S. R. White and team demonstrate a novel self-healing system in a non-living commercial biomaterial on page 202. This self-healing acrylic bone cement is enabled by solvent-filled microcapsules, which heal crack damage and restore up to 80% of the initial fracture toughness of the cement. This innovation has major implications for extending the lifetime of orthopedic joint replacements.
Obesity report signals start of government action
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The government has signalled its support for a report on obesity after furious criticism at a National Obesity Forum conference this week for years of inaction over the epidemic.

The public health minister Dawn Primarolo said that the Department of Health would work with Foresight, the government's futures think tank, to try to translate the report's findings into action.

The independent report, Foresight Tackling Obesities: Future Choices , which is part of the group's work for government, predicts that 40% of Britons will be obese by 2025, with the country being mainly obese by 2050.

Health problems caused by obesity will place an “intolerable burden” on the …
Overview of pulmonary alveolar macrophage renewal in normal rats and during different pathological processes.
Authors: P Fritsch, R Masse
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

We report experimental results on pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) renewal in healthy rats and in rats treated with particles introduced in the lungs. Morphometric studies showed that the lungs of normal rats of the strain used in our study contain 20 x 10(6) PAM, 50 x 10(6) monocytes in alveolar capillaries, and about 3 x 10(5) interstitial macrophages. Pulse labeling with a tritiated thymidine (3HT) gave a labeling index of 0.4% for the monocytes, of which a few could be observed in mitosis within alveolar capillaries. These monocytes are likely to be the PAM precursors. The daily input (greater than 4%) by PAM proliferation exceeds PAM loss by migration to the upper respiratory tract (2.5%). The life span of PAM was measured by sequential counting of lavaged cells after labeling with [125I]iododeoxyuridine instilled intratracheally. The pulmonary lavage procedure used allowed us to recover at least 80% of the whole PAM population. A daily loss of PAM of 8-9% was measured, of which loss by death in the endoalveolar compartment was estimated at 5-6%. During the pathological processes studied, several parameters of PAM renewal were shown to be modified. PAM migration to the upper respiratory tract was frequently inhibited, PAM cytotoxicity was observed, and PAM proliferation increased in some cases and decreased in others. Under most of the pathological conditions investigated, the renewal of endoalveolar macrophages appeared quite different from that in normal rats, and direct blood monocyte migration to the endoalveolar compartment became a major component of PAM renewal.
Hemodynamic Effects of Plasma Volume Expansion and Prognostic Implications in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: H. LEON GREENE, DAVID T. KELLY, DEAN R. TAYLOR, BERTRAM PITT
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Nine of eleven patients studied within fifteen hours from the onset of acute myocardial infarction had an abnormal response to plasma volume expansion in that stroke volume did not increase when left ventricular filling pressure was elevated. In contrast, in five patients studied more than fifteen hours after myocardial infarction and in five control patients stroke volume was increased when left ventricular filling pressure was elevated by plasma volume expansion. All patients have been followed for a mean of five months, and no patient died of pump failure or had significant heart failure. Often the hemodynamic response to plasma volume expansion within fifteen hours after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction is abnormal, but it is not useful in predicting prognosis. The abnormal hemodynamic response may be transient, improving during early convalescence. It represents an interaction between left ventricular compliance and function, both of which may be changing rapidly early after acute myocardial infarction.
Athletic Injuries to the Head, Neck, and Face
Authors: William A. Grana
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This text is one of the many recent literary additions to the multidisciplinary field of sports-related trauma. Its purpose is to "effect prevention of injuries by the formation, propagation and implementation of principles based on sound, scientific methodology." The implication is that past clinicians and authors have relied too often on experience and too little on objectively documented case reports and large volumes of data that lend themselves to statistical analysis. This is perhaps an oversimplification and unfair to many talented investigators who have spent countless hours in examining the complex problems associated with athletic trauma. In any event, this text on the musculoskeletal, neurological, facial, ophthalmologic, and dental disorders that occur as a result of injuries in sports is as intricate and complex as the many problems discussed in it. The book has 22 contributors and is divided into four sections with two appendices and an index. It contains
Hepatitis B Vaccination and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Alberto Ascherio, Shumin M. Zhang, Miguel A. Hernán, Michael J. Olek, Paul M. Coplan, Kimberly Brodovicz, Alexander M. Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Reports of multiple sclerosis developing after hepatitis B vaccination have led to the concern that this vaccine might be a cause of multiple sclerosis in previously healthy subjects.
A CASE OF PSEUDO-MEMBRANOUS (DIPHTHEROID) STOMATITIS, CAUSED BY THE STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES.
Authors: LOUIS JURIST
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Although diphtheria and diphtheroid diseases are of very frequent occurrence, the mouth and tongue are but rarely affected, in spite of their exposed position and liability to injury. The micro-organisms which are responsible for the deadly group of pseudo-membranous inflammations must traverse the mouth in order to gain access to those structures in which they most commonly develop their nefarious activity, yet the oral mucous membrane, where the conditions in general are very similar to those at the points of selection, is practically immune to the influence of the micro-organisms in question. It is the great rarity of oral diphtheria that has led a number of authors to deny its existence as a primary disease, while admitting its possible, but very infrequent occurrence as a secondary manifestation. While the case I report is, etiologically, not one of true diphtheria, since it was not caused by the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, the invariable
Guideline Supports Long-term Use of Medication to Lower Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

A NEW GUIDELINE CALLS FOR PHYsicians who screen asymptomatic men for prostate cancer to advise them about a multiyear regimen of medication that may reduce their risk of developing the disease. But the guideline also states that current evidence suggests the medication offers no benefit in reducing prostate cancer mortality or overall mortality. Nor does it dismiss the possibility that the drug might actually increase the risk of getting a higher-grade, and more deadly, form of this cancer. The guideline, issued February 24 by an expert panel jointly convened by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the American Urological Association (AUA), focuses on men with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 3.0 ng/mL or less who are regularly screened with a PSA test or who are considering receiving an annual PSA test. Physicians are directed to tell these patients that they may benefit from taking a 5-reductase inhibitor (5 mg/d of finasteride) for 7 years to prevent prostate cancer (Kramer BS et al. J Urol. 2009;181[4]:1642-1657). The guideline also recommends that physicians and patients discuss finasteride’s potential risks, such as its association with an increased rate of highgrade prostate cancer, and its possible adverse effects. Erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia, and reductions in ejaculate volume and libido have been documented in up to 4% of men enrolled in clinical trials studying the medication. Men taking finasteride for benign conditions such as lower urinary tract symptoms would also benefit from a similar discussion with their physicians, the guideline noted. Underpinning the guideline are results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), published in 2003. In a group of screened men with a PSA
Separating production from perception: Perceiver-based explanations for sex differences in emotion
Authors: Jennifer M. B. Fugate, Harold Gouzoules, Lisa Feldman Barrett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract In this commentary, we review evidence that production-based (perceiver-independent) measures reveal few consistent sex differences in emotion. Further, sex differences in perceiver-based measures can be attributed to retrospective or dispositional biases. We end by discussing an alternative view that women might appear to be more emotional because they are more facile with emotion language.
Abstract 3382: The roles of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) in hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis
Authors: Yu-Ling Wu, Ching-Yao Yang, Wan-Chin Chung, King-Jen Chang, Po-Huang Lee, Wan-Chi Tsai, Min-Liang Kuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Vascular invasion is the major poor prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, and the overall five year survival is only 40-50%. To elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, using high throughput technology suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and transmembrane/secreted protein (TMS) oligonucleotide microarray, we found that leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) correlated with low vascular invasion. Human LECT2 is a 16-kDa basic protein and specifically expressed in adult and fetal livers. However, its biological function has not been identified. Here, we show that LECT2 level was significantly reverse-correlated with vascular invasion, high tumor stage, early recurrence, and poor survival. LECT2 overexpression did not influence HCC cells growth property, but strongly reduced migration and invasion in vitro assay. LECT2 suppressed tumor growth, intrahepatic, and lung metastasis in orthotopic liver transplantation mice. The mechanism of LECT2 inhibited HCC cells invasion and metastasis might be mediated via affected multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. Taken together, these findings indicated that LECT2 suppress the invasiveness and suggest the feasibility of LECT2 expression as a promising prognostic molecular marker for HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3382.
Children's exposure to chlorpyrifos and parathion in an agricultural community in central Washington State.
Authors: Richard A Fenske, Chensheng Lu, Dana Barr, Larry Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We measured two diethyl organophosphorus (OP) pesticides--chlorpyrifos and parathion--in residences, and their metabolic by-products, in the urine of children 6 years old or younger in a central Washington State agricultural community. Exposures to two dimethyl OP pesticides (azinphos-methyl and phosmet) in this same population have been reported previously. We categorized children by parental occupation and by household proximity to pesticide-treated farmland. Median chlorpyrifos house dust concentrations were highest for the 49 applicator homes (0.4 microg/g), followed by the 12 farm-worker homes (0.3 microg/g) and the 14 nonagricultural reference homes (0.1 microg/g), and were statistically different (p < 0.001); we observed a similar pattern for parathion in house dust. Chlorpyrifos was measurable in the house dust of all homes, whereas we found parathion in only 41% of the homes. Twenty-four percent of the urine samples from study children had measurable 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) concentrations [limits of quantitation (LOQ) = 8 microg/L], and 7% had measurable 4-nitrophenol concentrations (LOQ = 9 microg/L). Child urinary metabolite concentrations did not differ across parental occupational classifications. Homes in close proximity (200 ft/60 m) to pesticide-treated farmland had higher chlorpyrifos (p = 0.01) and parathion (p = 0.014) house dust concentrations than did homes farther away, but this effect was not reflected in the urinary metabolite data. Use of OP pesticides in the garden was associated with an increase in TCPy concentrations in children's urine. Parathion concentrations in house dust decreased 10-fold from 1992 to 1995, consistent with the discontinued use of this product in the region in the early 1990s.
Blood flow and stem cells in vascular disease
Authors: Cheng Zhang, Lingfang Zeng, Costanza Emanueli, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

It is well known that the altered blood flow is related to vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and arteriosclerosis, which preferentially located at areas with the disturbed blood flow, suggesting that altered biomechanical stress may exert their effect on the vascular disease. Recent evidence indicated the presence of abundant stem/progenitor cells in the vessel wall, in which laminar shear stress can stimulate these cells to differentiate towards endothelial lineage, while cyclic strain results in smooth muscle differentiation. In line with this, it was evidenced that altered biomechanical stress in stented vessels may lead to 'wrong' direction of vascular stem cell differentiation resulting in restenosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this article, we will give an overview of the effect of the local flow pattern on stem/progenitor cell differentiation and the possible mechanism on how the blood flow influences stem cell behaviours in the development of vascular diseases.
Oral choline in cerebellar ataxia.
Authors: N Legg
Journal: BMJ (1979)

days after the onset of symptoms showed a large, superficial ulcer in the mid-oesophagus.She responded well to withdrawal of emepronium bromide and to oral analgesics and nine days later repeat oesophagoscopy showed that the ulcer had healed.There have been a number of reports of oesophageal ulceration with emepronium bromide,'-4 as well as a report of mouth ulcers,; thought to be caused by prolonged contact of the tablet with the mucosa.The data sheet on this drug now suggests that the tablets should be swallowed with a glass of water, but it is apparent that this instruction is not always stressed by the doctor or followed by the patient.The tablet is formulated to distintegrate rapidly on contact with water but its hygroscopic nature can cause it to stick to the oesophageal mucosa if it is swallowed with too little water.Perhaps the time has come for the manufacturers to redevelop the presen- tation of this drug.Surely it will not be long before oesophageal perforation due to emepronium bromide is recorded.
Rebuttal from Authors re: Vincenzo Ficarra, Antonio Galfano and Stefano Cavalleri. Is Simple Enucleation a Minimal Partial Nephrectomy Responding to the EAU Guidelines’ Recommendations? Eur Urol 2009;55:1315–8
Authors: Andrea Minervini, Sergio Serni, Claudio Di Cristofano, Marco Carini
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Physical characteristics of novice and experienced women marathon runners.
Authors: C. L. Christensen, R. O. Ruhling
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

The physiological and anthropometric characteristics of 23 non-elite women marathoners were studied. Ten of these women had never run a marathon before (novices) and 13 had run at least one marathon during the previous year (experienced). A comparison of characteristics of these two groups to each other and to elite women marathoners, as reported in the literature, disclosed no significant (p greater than 0.01) among the groups in age, % body fat, body weight, height, lean body mass or HR max. Significant differences (p less than 0.01) were noted, however, in VO2 max (45.8, 51.8, 59.1 ml.kg-1 min-1), VE max (76.3, 94.7, 108.9 L.min-1), and years of training (0.54, 2.06, 4.55 years) with the novice runners having the smallest values, the experienced runners having the next larger values, and the elite runners having the largest values. For our subjects, estimated percentage of body fat did not correlate with finish time, but VO2 max and finish time were significantly related (r = -0.72, p less than 0.01). This suggest that women marathon runners are similar in anthropometric measurements, and that improved performance is associated with higher aerobic capacity and years of training rather than with body dimensions.
Abstract 767: CXL017 re-sensitizes multidrug resistant leukemia cells to chemotherapy via modulating Bcl-2 family proteins and SERCA proteins
Authors: Sonia Das, David Hermanson, Chengguo Xing
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hurdle in the treatment of cancer and there is a pressing need for new therapies. We have recently developed CXL017, derived from a Bcl-2 and SERCA dual inhibitor, with selective cytotoxicity towards MDR cancer cells. In this study, we present new evidence for its therapeutic potential in treatment of MDR cancers and offer mechanistic insights. CXL017 significantly and selectively suppresses the growth of tumors derived from the MDR cancer cell line, HL60/MX2, in vivo. In addition, HL60/MX2 failed to develop stable resistance to CXL017 upon prolonged exposure. In comparison, HL60/MX2 acquired greater than 2000-fold resistance to cytarabine (Ara-C). Remarkably, instead of acquiring cross-resistance, HL60/MX2 cells exposed to CXL017 were re-sensitized to standard therapies (10 to 100-fold). Western blotting analyses revealed that HL60/MX2 has significantly elevated levels of Mcl-1, Bax and Bak relative to HL60. HL60/MX2 also over-expresses SERCA2 and SERCA3 with elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium content. CXL017 exposure significantly down-regulates Mcl-1 and Bax but causes up-regulation of Bcl-XL, SERCA2, and SERCA3 proteins, along with a reduction in ER calcium content. Given the well-established functions of Bcl-2 family proteins and ER calcium in drug resistance, our results suggest that the reduction in Mcl-1 and the decrease in ER calcium content are responsible for CXL017 induced chemosensitization of MDR cancer cells. These results support the strategy to develop dual inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and SERCA to treat MDR cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 767. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-767