tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood Abuse and Later Medical Disorders in Women
Authors: Sarah Romans, Carlotta Belaise, Judy Martin, Eleanor Morris, Annarita Raffi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

There have been many studies documenting adverse psychiatric consequences for people who have experienced childhood and adult sexual and physical abuse. These include posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders and probably some personality disorders or trait abnormalities. Much less is known about the links between abuse and physical/psychosomatic conditions in adult life. Hints of causal links are evident in the literature discussing headache, lower back pain, pelvic pain and irritable bowel syndrome. These studies are not definitive as they use clinic-based samples.This study used interview data with a random community sample of New Zealand women, half of whom reported childhood sexual abuse and half who did not. Details about childhood physical abuse and adult abuse were also collected in a two-phase study.Complex relationships were found, as abuses tended to co-occur. Seven of 18 potentially relevant medical conditions emerged as significantly increased in women with one or more types of abuse. These were chronic fatigue, bladder problems, headache including migraine, asthma, diabetes and heart problems. Several of these associations with abuse are previously unreported.In this random community sample, a number of chronic physical conditions were found more often in women who reported different types of sexual and physical abuse, both in childhood and in adult life. The causal relationships cannot be studied in a cross-sectional retrospective design, but immature coping strategies and increased rates of dissociation appeared important only in chronic fatigue and headache, suggesting that these are not part of the causal pathway between abuse experiences and the other later physical health problems. This finding and the low co-occurrence of the identified physical conditions suggest relative specificity rather than a general vulnerability to psychosomatic conditions in women who have suffered abuses. Each condition may require separate further study.
664. WHIM Syndrome Type Myelokathexis In Vivo in the NOD/SCID Mouse Model Following Transplant of Healthy Human Stem Cells Transduced with C-Terminus Truncated CXCR4
Authors: Toshinao Kawai, Uimook Choi, Lanise Cardwell, Suk See Deravin, Nora Naumann, Narda L. Whiting-Theobald, Gilda F. Linton, Sebastian Brenner, Philip M. Murphy, Harry L. Malech
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A prominent feature of WHIM syndrome (an immune deficiency) is myelokathexis (a type of premature apoptosis) of mature myeloid cells in bone marrow (BM) together with an associated peripheral blood (PB) neutropenia. WHIM syndrome is caused by autosomal dominant heterozygous C-truncation mutations in CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), the receptor for stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF1) important in marrow trafficking. We have previously reported that healthy human CD34 hematopoietic stem cells transduced with retrovirus encoding one of CXCR4 mutations causing WHIM (R334X; referred to hereafter as mutated-CXCR4) demonstrate enhanced chemotaxis and calcium-flux responses to SDF1, resulting from a failure to downregulate and internalize mutated-CXCR4. In the current study we explore the mechanism for induction of myelokathexis by mutated-CXCR4. We generated IRES-containing bifunctional retrovirus vectors encoding mutated-CXCR4 or wild-type (wt-) CXCR4 together with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct. Retrovirus encoding GFP alone was used as negative control. Healthy human GCSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) transduced with either mutated-CXCR4 or wt-CXCR4 demonstrated enhanced migration and calcium flux in response to SDF1 compared to the control GFP construct, with the mutated-CXCR4 showing a demonstrably greater functional effect. However, there was no difference in rates of apoptosis in culture (Annexin assay). These transduced human PBSC were transplanted into NOD/SCID mice and human cells appearing in BM and PB assessed at 6 wks. There was enhanced engraftment of human CD45+ cells in the BM of mice transplanted with mutated-CXCR4 and wt-CXCR4 transduced PBSCs compared to GFP alone transduced PBSCs, with the mutated-CXCR4 group showing a greater level of human cell engraftment. However, assessing only GFP+ cells (to focus only on transduced cells in all groups) in BM and PB we showed a highly significant increase in the rate of apoptosis of GFP+ cells in BM of the mutated-CXCR4 group compared to the other groups together with a significantly lower ratio of PB GFP+ CD45+ human leukocytes/GFP+ BM compared to the other groups. These results suggest that mutated-CXCR4 does not itself induce an increased rate of apoptosis, but that the positive dominant functional effect of this receptor causes mature myeloid cells to remain in BM beyond the time of normal release. This increases the frequency of post-mature myeloid cells undergoing apoptosis in BM with an associated neutropenia due to failed release into the PB.
Paraesophageal Hernia and Aspiration of Oral Secretions Demonstrated by Nuclear Salivagram
Authors: Andrew McAdoo, Joe C. Leonard
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A case of tracheobronchial aspiration, as a result of inability to handle oral secretions rather than gastroesophageal reflux, is presented. Incidentally noted is the presence of a paraesophageal hernia, a complication of the patient’s prior fundoplication.
Behaviour of acid secretion, gastrin release, serum pepsinogen I, and gastric emptying of liquids over six months from eradication of helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients. A controlled study.
Authors: F Parente, G Maconi, O Sangaletti, M Minguzzi, L Vago, G Bianchi Porro
Journal: Gut (1995)

The behaviour of basal and stimulated acid secretion, gastrin release, serum pepsinogen I, and gastric emptying of liquids was studied in 19 consecutive patients with Helicobacter pylori positive duodenal ulcer, over a follow up period of six months. Eleven patients were studied before and at three and six months after eradication with lansoprazole plus amoxicillin and tinidazole (case group), whereas the remainder, with persistent H pylori infection, were studied before and after three and six months from ulcer healing, thus constituting the control group. In the case group, three months after eradication, fasting serum pepsinogen I fell from (mean (SEM)) 91.9 (6.9) (pretreatment) to 72.2 (5.1) ng/l and the integrated gastrin response to a meal reduced from 11,470 (1174) (pretreatment) to 8130 (608) pg/ml/h (p &lt; 0.05). Fasting serum gastrin concentrations and maximal acid output reduced significantly only six months after eradication. In contrast, no significant change of any of these measurements was seen in the control group either at three or six months from healing compared with the pretreatment values. Gastric emptying of liquids did not change over the entire period of follow up in both study groups. In conclusion, eradication of H pylori in duodenal ulcer patients is accompanied by a rapid fall in serum pepsinogen I and plasma gastrin concentrations, whereas a slight but significant reduction of maximal acid secretion takes place later on. In contrast, gastric emptying of liquids does not seem to be influenced by H pylori status.
In Vivohepatic energy metabolism during the progression of alcoholic liver disease: A noninvasive31p nuclear magnetic resonance study in rats
Authors: Hisao Takahashi, Yves Geoffrion, Keith W. Butler, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We investigated serially in vivo the rations of phorylated metabolites and the intracellular PH in the livers of rats fed ethanol chronically to evaluate the relation between changes in energy metabolism and the progression of alcoholic liver disease with 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the liver were acquired noninvasively from rats pair–fed a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing ethanol or an isocaloric amount of dextrose with an implanted intragastric cannula of dextrose with an implanted intragastric cannula for up to 24 wk. A high blood alcohol level was constantly maintained. The spectra were obtained using a surface coil combined with a ferrite screen to eliminate nuclear magnetic resonance signals derived from the superficial muscles. Contaminating 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signals. Contaminating 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance signals arising from abdominal tissues other than the liver were climinated from the spectra by digital subtraction. Throughout the study the inorganic phosphate/β– ATP peak area ratio observed in alcohol–fed rats was found to be consistently elevated in comparison with the control rats ( at 3 to 5 wk alcohol–fed rats = 1.20 ± 0.10, control rats = 0.78 ± 0.04, p &lt; 0.05,; at 22 to 24 wk alcohol–fed rats = 1.23 ± 0.10, control rats = 0.81 ± 0.06, p &lt; 0.05.; mean ± S. E.). The phosphomonoesters/β–ATP ratio tended to be higher in alcohol–fed rats when compared with control rats. The intracellular pH measured by the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate peak showed no significant differences between alcohol–fed rats and control rats. Steatosis, necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis were observed to be progressively more severe in the monthly liver biopsy speciments from alcohol–fed rats, so that the pathological score significantly increased with the duration of feeding (r = 0.623, p &lt;0.001). The inorganic phosphate / β–ATP ratio was not significantly correlated with the changing pathological score, since the increased inorganci phosphate/β –ATP ratios remained constant over the duration of feeding. This observation suggests that the increase in the inorganic phosphate/β–ATP rations is a primary effect of chronic ethanol feeding rather than a result of the workesening morphological changes observed in the liver. This low energy state in the liver may contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11: 65-73.)
STENT THROMBOSIS FOLLOWING IMPLANTATION OF ENDEAVOR ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLEX CORONARY LESIONS – INSIGHTS FROM THE LARGE, PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER OPTIMIZE TRIAL
Authors: Ricardo A. Costa, Alexandre Abizaid, Deepak Bhatt, Joao E. Tinoco de Paula, Dimytri Siqueira, Fernando Devito, J. Antonio Marin-Neto, Roberto Botelho, Helio Castello, José Mangione, George Meireles, Marinella Centemero, Luiz Tanajura, Andrea Abizaid, Fausto Feres
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Alteration of hepatic tissue spaces by platelet-activating factor and phenylephrine
Authors: David S. Lapointe, Merle S. Olson
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Mean transit times for the movement of extracellular and intracellular reference compounds through isolated perfused rat livers were determined during exposure of livers to platelet-activating factor (AGEPC; 1-0-hexa-decyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, using the multiple indicator dilution technique. From the outflow profiles of rapid bolus injections of 3 H-sucrose and 14 C-urea given to the liver, the estimated intracellular volume of distribution of small freely permeant substances, V i , and Θ′, the ratio of intracellular to extracellular space, were computed. Exposure of the liver to AGEPC decreased V i and Θ′ by 32 and 34%, respectively, from control values, whereas infusion of phenylephrine increased V i by 16% and Θ′ by 33%. The results indicate that the hemodynamic effects of AGEPC in perfused rat liver cause the apparent loss of tissue space accessible to small permeant compounds. Phenylephrine, although increasing hepatic vascular resistance, measured at the portal vein, by the same magnitude as AGEPC, led to an increase in the apparent tissue space accessible to this same species.
Phasic Respiratory Pharyngeal Mechanics by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
Authors: Michael J. Brennick, Stephen Pickup, Jacqueline R. Cater, Samuel T. Kuna
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Although obstructive sleep apnea is strongly associated with obesity, we have little understanding of how obesity may alter the mechanical properties of the pharynx and the role of obesity in the pathogenesis of sleep apnea.The overall objective of this study was to determine the effect of obesity on pharyngeal airway size and pharyngeal wall tissue strain in lean and obese Zucker rats.Respiratory-gated magnetic resonance imaging with noninvasive tissue tagging was performed in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing lean (n = 9) and obese (n = 9) Zucker rats. Images acquired during expiration and inspiration of the rostral, mid-, and caudal pharynx were analyzed for airway size and pharyngeal wall tissue strain, using planimetry, optical flow, and finite element analyses. Differences in cross-sectional airway area, lateral and anteroposterior airway diameters, and tissue strain (stretch, compression, and direction of stretch) in the lateral and ventral pharyngeal walls were compared by analysis of variance (significance at p < 0.05).Compared with their lean littermates, obese rats had the following significant findings: reduced pharyngeal airway cross-sectional area during inspiration and expiration, smaller increases in airway area during inspiration, and decreased lateral airway dilation during inspiration. Tissue strain in the pharyngeal walls showed no significant differences between obese and lean rats.These findings suggest that obesity results in a mechanical abnormality that decreases pharyngeal airway size and prevents a normal airway response to a given change in pharyngeal wall tissue strain.
Diagnostic Imaging in Pediatric Renal Inflammatory Disease
Authors: John R. Sty
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THE TERM "<i>renal inflammatory disease</i>" encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions in pediatrics. These include diffuse pyelonephritis, focal pyelonephritis, renal abscess, pyonephrosis, and pararenal retroperitoneal abscesses due to infection of the urinary tract. Uncomplicated pyelonephritis does not require imaging for diagnosis if the clinical presentation and laboratory data are characteristic. However, the signs and symptoms of infection of the upper urinary tract in children may present a diagnostic challenge. During the neonatal period, infections of the urinary tract are more common among boys and nonspecific symptoms predominate. These include poor feeding, slow gain in weight, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, and jaundice. Fever or hypothermia also is often present. Bacteremia occurs in approximately 35% of newborns with infection of the urinary tract.<sup>1</sup>In infants aged 1 month to 2 years, nonspecific manifestations still predominate, but sepsis and severe illness are less frequent than in the neonate. Among ambulatory children younger than
Effect of Site of Shunt on Left Heart-Volume Characteristics in Children with Ventricular Septal Defect and Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: M. M. JARMAKANI, THOMAS P. GRAHAM, RAMON V. CANENT, MADISON S. SPACH, M. PAUL CAPP
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Quantitative cineangiocardiographic technics have been utilized to determine left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) volumes and LV muscle mass in 58 patients with isolated ventricular septal defect, 14 of whom were infants less than 2 years old, and in 25 patients with isolated patent ductus arteriosus, 13 of whom were infants. Patients were divided according to the degree of left-to-right shunt into small (&lt;35%), moderate (35 to 50%), and large (&gt;50%) shunt groups. Data obtained in both the VSD and the PDA groups were compared with normal values. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass and LA maximal volumes in the patients of both groups who had shunts of 35% or more were greater than normal and showed a linear increase with increasing left-to-right shunt. The LV ejection fraction was decreased from normal in infants with either VSD or PDA and a shunt of more than 50%. This variable was normal in older children with either VSD or PDA. Patients with an aortic or a ventricular defect and equivalent shunts did not differ significantly in terms of LV end-diastolic volume, LV mass, LV ejected fraction, or LA maximal volume, normalized for body surface area. Patients with a patent ductus demonstrated the following differences when compared with patients with ventricular septal defect: (1) elevated LV end-diastolic pressure, (2) elevated LV end-diastolic stress, and (3) elevated value for LV mass (/m 2 BSA) per degree of shunt in children over 2 years of age with a patent ductus ( P &lt;0.05). These results indicate that left ventricular distensibility is decreased in patients with aortic left-to-right shunts compared to that in patients with ventricular left-to-right shunts of equivalent magnitude.
Extracellular matrix composition in COPD
Authors: Raquel Annoni, Tatiana Lanças, Ryan Yukimatsu Tanigawa, Marcus de Medeiros Matsushita, Sandra de Morais Fernezlian, Andreina Bruno, Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva, Peter J. Roughley, Salvatore Battaglia, Marisa Dolhnikoff, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Peter J. Sterk, Klaus F. Rabe, Thais Mauad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition has an important role in determining airway structure. We postulated that ECM lung composition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients differs from that observed in smoking and nonsmoking subjects without airflow obstruction. We determined the fractional areas of elastic fibres, type-I, -III and -IV collagen, versican, decorin, biglycan, lumican, fibronectin and tenascin in different compartments of the large and small airways and lung parenchyma in 26 COPD patients, 26 smokers without COPD and 16 nonsmoking control subjects. The fractional area of elastic fibres was higher in non-obstructed smokers than in COPD and nonsmoking controls, in all lung compartments. Type-I collagen fractional area was lower in the large and small airways of COPD patients and in the small airways of non-obstructed smokers than in nonsmokers. Compared with nonsmokers, COPD patients had lower versican fractional area in the parenchyma, higher fibronectin fractional area in small airways and higher tenascin fractional area in large and small airways compartments. In COPD patients, significant correlations were found between elastic fibres and fibronectin and lung function parameters. Alterations of the major ECM components are widespread in all lung compartments of patients with COPD and may contribute to persistent airflow obstruction.
Progression of Heart Failure Was Suppressed by Inhibition of Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Via Transcoronary Gene Transfer
Authors: Shungo Hikoso, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Osamu Yamaguchi, Toshihiro Takeda, Yoshiharu Higuchi, Shinichi Hirotani, Kazunori Kashiwase, Michio Yamada, Michio Asahi, Yasushi Matsumura, Kazuhiko Nishida, Masunori Matsuzaki, Masatsugu Hori, Kinya Otsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Children, chimpanzees, and social understanding: Inter- or intra-specific?
Authors: Timothy J. Eddy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Theories of children's understanding of mind benefit from rigorous interpretations of demonstrations of similar understandings in closely related species. This commentary describes how Carpendale &amp; Lewis's (C&amp;L's) argument could be made more persuasive with a more rigorous interpretation of the studies of chimpanzees' understanding of mind.
Developmental Changes in Crossbridge Properties and Myosin Isoforms in Hamster Diaphragm
Authors: CATHERINE COIRAULT, FRANCINE LAMBERT, THIERRY JOSEPH, FRANÇOIS-XAVIER BLANC, DENIS CHEMLA, YVES LECARPENTIER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maturation on crossbridge properties and myosin isoform composition in hamster diaphragm muscle. Diaphragm strips were obtained at postnatal Days 1 and 8 and in adults (10 to 12 wk). Peak isometric tension and maximum unloaded shortening velocity (Vmax) increased with age (p < 0.001). The single crossbridge force ( π ), the total number of crossbridges normalized per cross-sectional area (m × 109/mm2), the turnover rate of myosin ATPase (kcat), and peak mechanical efficiency (Effmax) were calculated from Huxley's equations. The value of m increased significantly from birth to adulthood (p < 0.001), with no changes in π or Effmax; kcat increased significantly only after the first week postpartum. There was a strong linear relationship between peak isometric tension and m (p < 0.001). Conversely, changes in Vmax were not related to kcat. Myosin electrophoresis showed that neonatal bands and slow myosin isoforms (S) were present at birth. The number of fast adult myosin isoforms increased progressively from birth to adulthood, whereas S increased during the first week postpartum. In conclusion, development changes in diaphragm muscle force and myosin isoform composition were associated with changes in crossbridge number and kinetics, with no changes in the average force per crossbridge or in mechanical efficiency.
In praise of half doing a job
Authors: Jill Graham
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Introduction</h3> Nickel exposure usually presents as Allergic Contact Dermatitis. However, Nickel not only causes dermatitis, but an excess of dietary Nickel is reported to be responsible for overweight, metabolic disorders and imbalance of gut microflora. <h3>Objective</h3> The aim of study is to expand a preliminary reported evidence of the presence of Nickel-resistant bacteria isolated in human microbiome and further evaluate their association with nickel allergy and overweight in females, the gender mostly affected by Nickel exposure. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> We collected stool samples from 11 lean female with a nickel allergy (BMI &lt;25) and 17 overweight nickel allergic subjects (BMI &gt;25). 11 subjects not allergic to nickel served as control group. Stool cultures were supplemented with increasing concentrations of nickel sulphate (NiSO<sub>4</sub>⋅6H<sub>2</sub>O) from 0.1mM up to 50 mM, in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions <i>(culturomics</i>-approach Lusi, 2017). Stool cultures not supplemented with nickel were used as controls. Identification of Nickel resistant bacteria was made by MALDI-TOF technology. <h3>Results</h3> In control subjects, 5 mM NiSO4 was the cut off for microbial growth. Conversely, gut bacteria continued to grow at concentration higher than 5 mM in allergic subjects. In particular, Nickel resistant bacteria able to tolerate 32 mM of NiSO4 was detected in 10% of lean allergic and 29% of overweight allergic females. Gut microbes able to grow in at extremely high NiSO4 concentration (50mM) could only be detected in overweight patients with a severe nickel allergy. At increasing NiSO4 concentration, allergic females, especially those with increased BMI, showed a progressive decrease of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> along with an increased presence of <i>Lactobacillaceae</i>, <i>Bacillaceae</i> and <i>Clostridiaceae</i> compared to control subjects. Major changes in microbial composition were noted at 50 mM of NiSO4 in overweight allergic females. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Overweight females with a nickel allergy harbor gut microbes highly resistant to nickel and the role of these bacterial strains must be further elucidated.