tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug data sheets.
Authors: R E Tringham
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Kv4 family voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits and Kv channel-interacting protein (KChIP) and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein subunits comprise somatodendritic A-type channels in mammalian neurons. Recently, a mouse was generated with a targeted deletion of Kv4.2, a Kv4 α subunit expressed in many but not all mammalian brain neurons. <i>Kv4.2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice are grossly indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) littermates. Here we used immunohistochemistry to analyze expression of component Kv4 and KChIP subunits of A-type channels in WT and <i>Kv4.2</i><sup>−/−</sup> brains. We found that the expression level, and cellular and subcellular distribution of the other prominent brain Kv4 family member Kv4.3, was indistinguishable between WT and <i>Kv4.2</i><sup>−/−</sup> samples. However, we found unanticipated regional and cell-specific decreases in expression of KChIPs. The degree of altered expression of individual KChIP isoforms in different regions and neurons precisely follows the level of Kv4.2 normally found at those sites and presumably their extent of association of these KChIPs with Kv4.2. The dramatic effects of Kv4.2 deletion on KChIP expression suggest that, in addition to previously characterized effects of KChIPs on the functional properties, trafficking, and turnover rate of Kv4 channels, Kv4:KChIP association may confer reciprocal Kv4.2-dependent effects on KChIPs. The impact of Kv4.2 deletion on KChIP expression also supports the major role of KChIPs as auxiliary subunits of Kv4 channels.
Navigator-Gated 3D Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent CMR at 3.0-T for Detection of Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemic Reactions
Authors: Cosima Jahnke, Rolf Gebker, Robert Manka, Bernhard Schnackenburg, Eckart Fleck, Ingo Paetsch
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Tolerance for ATP-Insensitive K <sub>ATP</sub> Channels in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Joseph C. Koster, Andreas Knopp, Thomas P. Flagg, Kamelia P. Markova, Qun Sha, Decha Enkvetchakul, Tetsuo Betsuyaku, Kathryn A. Yamada, Colin G. Nichols
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

To examine the role of sarcolemmal K ATP channels in cardiac function, we generated transgenic mice expressing GFP-tagged Kir6.2 subunits with reduced ATP sensitivity under control of the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Four founder mice were isolated, and both founders and progeny were all apparently normal and fertile. Electrocardiograms from conscious animals also appeared normal, although mean 24-hour heart rate was approximately 10% lower in transgenic animals compared with littermate controls. In excised membrane patches, K ATP channels were very insensitive to inhibitory ATP: mean K 1/2 ([ATP] causing half-maximal inhibition) was 2.7 mmol/L in high-expressing line 4 myocytes, compared with 51 μmol/L in littermate control myocytes. Counterintuitively, K ATP channel density was ≈4-fold lower in transgenic membrane patches than in control. This reduction of total K ATP conductance was confirmed in whole-cell voltage-clamp conditions, in which K ATP was activated by metabolic inhibition. K ATP conductance was not obvious after break-in of either control or transgenic myocytes, and there was no action potential shortening in transgenic myocytes. In marked contrast to the effects of expression of similar transgenes in pancreatic β-cells, these experiments demonstrate a profound tolerance for reduced ATP sensitivity of cardiac K ATP channels and highlight differential effects of channel activity in the electrical activity of the 2 tissues.
Alcohol consumption in a healthy population. Relationship to gamma-glutamyl transferase activity and mean corpuscular volume
Authors: L. Papoz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We analyzed the multivariate relationship between alcohol consumption and γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and tobacco consumption. A group of 995 healthy outpatients (604 men and 391 women, 18 to 76 years old) were systematically examined. Daily alcohol consumption was established after an interview regarding complete dietary habits. Significant correlations have been found between daily alcohol intake and corresponding GGT and MCV values, 35 and 34, respectively, in men and 24 and 21 in women. Multiple regression analyses confirm the superiority of GGT over MCV as a laboratory marker of alcohol intake and show the advantage of using them together. A rough estimation of alcohol consumption is proposed as a first step in mass screening of heavy drinkers. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1748-1751)
Routine Laboratory Tests in Impaired Nursing Home Residents
Authors: James P. Richardson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The study of laboratory testing in nursing home residents by Drs Kim and Berlowitz 1 confirms previous studies 2,3 and recommendations 4 that routine laboratory testing in nursing home residents is unlikely to benefit these patients. Now that the value of routine laboratory tests in nursing home residents has been debunked, however, I am afraid that casual readers of the article may miss the importance of other types of assessment for elderly nursing home residents.  Physicians who care for nursing home residents should think about the goals of care and plan laboratory testing and other types of assessment accordingly. 4,5 On admission to a long-term care facility, every patient should receive a geriatric assessment that includes assessment of advance directives, functional assessment, and mental status testing in addition to the usual history and physical examination. Moreover, at the time of admission, appropriate nursing home residents should have a
Does the Pretherapeutic Tumor SUV in 68Ga DOTATOC PET Predict the Absorbed Dose of 177Lu Octreotate?
Authors: Samer Ezziddin, Jonas Lohmar, Charlotte J. Yong-Hing, Amir Sabet, Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar, Guido Kukuk, Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Stefan Guhlke, Karl Reichmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Selection of candidates for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is increasingly based on receptor positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, including the common tracer 68Ga DOTATOC. However, no studies have yet compared standardized uptake values (SUVs) and absorbed doses in this field.We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive cohort of 21 patients with 61 evaluable tumor lesions undergoing both pretherapeutic 68Ga DOTATOC-PET/CT (Biograph Duo [Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany]; PET acquisition, 75.3 ± 15.4 minutes postinjection; 117.3 ± 33.9 MBq 68Ga DOTATOC) and PRRT with Lu octreotate (7.47 ± 1.39 GBq; intratherapeutic tumor dosimetry with serial whole-body scans; 1, 2, and 4 days postinjection) at our institution. SUVs were compared with the tumor-absorbed doses per injected activity (D/A0) of the subsequent first treatment cycle.The correlation of SUV and D/A0 was r = 0.72 (SUVmean) and r = 0.71 (SUVmax), both P < 0.001. Pancreatic origin and hepatic localization were associated with higher D/A0, and chromogranin A level and Ki-67 index had no influence on SUV or D/A0. High-SUV lesions (SUVmean >15; SUVmax >25) resulted in high D/A0 (>10 Gy/GBq) in 66.7% to 70.8% and low D/A0 (<5 Gy/GBq) in only 8.3% to 12.5% on subsequent PRRT. The mentioned low D/A0 range, on the other hand, was achieved by all lesions with SUVmean <7 or SUVmax <9.Somatostatin receptor PET imaging may predict tumor-absorbed doses. The ability to indicate insufficient target irradiation by a low SUV could aid in selection of appropriate candidates for PRRT. However, larger series are needed to confirm and validate these initial findings.
The Biochemistry of Clinical Medicine
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In a sweepingly comprehensive volume, Hoffman discusses the biochemical basis of medical practice. The material, and there is a tremendous amount of it, he sets forth lucidly, yet in a boiled-down fashion. This has made necessary an economy of words. The style, therefore, sometimes becomes clipped, but each short sentence is laden with meaning. The busy clinician will be grateful. With the exception of a portion contributed by Littman, the work represents the views of a single author. Hoffman's presentation, wellordered and easily understood, is enriched by the estimates and opinions born of his own extensive experience as director of biochemistry in a 3,000-bed general hospital, where he participated in clinical management and conducted weekly clinical biochemical conferences. Where the biochemical-physiological exposition does not allow a fully logical story, he often, with a teacher's license, resorts to teleological reasoning. This does not detract from the value of the work. The
Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood
Authors: William G. Hocking
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The second edition of<i>Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood</i>appears six years after the first edition. The book is edited by the same four respected hematologists and has contributions from more than 100 authors. The overall organization remains similar to that in the first edition with sections on the chronic leukemias, acute leukemia, myeloma, lymphoma, and supportive care. Three new chapters have been added to the second edition. The first chapter, "Molecular Biology of the Chronic Leukemias," gives an extensive review of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukemia and other diseases. The molecular implications for the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia are also reviewed. The chapter includes an overview of molecular abnormalities that have been described in chronic lymphoid leukemias. The use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect minimal residual disease using molecular probes is also discussed. In the supportive care section, a new chapter by Dr Gabrilove,
Phenotypic Characteristics Associated With the &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;APC&lt;/EMPH&gt; Gene I1307K Mutation in Ashkenazi Jewish Patients With Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Sapna Syngal
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextThe I1307K mutation of the APC gene is found in approximately 6% of the Ashkenazi Jewish population and is associated with elevated risk of colorectal cancer. The incidence of the mutation in patients with colorectal adenomas is unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the carrier rate of the I1307K mutation in Ashkenazi Jewish patients with a history of colorectal polyps but without colorectal cancer and to compare phenotypic characteristics and family history of carriers vs noncarriers.Design, Setting, and PatientsA total of 231 patients who had at least 1 large bowel polyp diagnosed between January 1, 1992, and January 31, 1999, at 1 of 5 centers in Boston, Mass, were included, of whom 183 were Ashkenazi Jewish. DNA was isolated from cheek swab samples.Main Outcome MeasuresPresence of the I1307K variant in the APC gene.ResultsThe I1307K variant was identified in 22 (14%) of 161 Ashkenazi Jewish patients with a history of adenomatous polyps and in 1 (5%) of 20 Ashkenazi Jewish patients with hyperplastic polyps. The phenotypic features of adenomas, family history of polyps, colorectal cancer, and other cancers were indistinguishable between I1307K carriers and noncarriers.ConclusionsThe frequency of the APC I1307K mutation is elevated in Ashkenazi Jewish patients with adenomatous polyps, but not hyperplastic polyps.The I1307K mutation represents a novel paradigm for cancer-predisposing genes, as it is associated with moderately increased risk of neoplasia without other associated distinguishing phenotypic features.
Nitric oxide production by neutrophils obtained from patients during acute coronary syndromes: expression of the nitric oxide synthase isoforms
Authors: Lourdes Sánchez de Miguel, M.aMar Arriero, Mercedes Montón, Antonio López-Farré, Jerónimo Farré, Fernando Cabestrero, Edita Martín, José Romero, Petra Jiménez, Antonio García-Méndez, Trinidad de Frutos, Ana Jiménez, Rosa García, Juan Gómez, Raimundo de Andrés, Luz M De la Calle-Lombana, Luis Rico
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Group C β-Hemolytic Streptococci in College Students With Pharyngitis
Authors: Victor V. Waters
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Turner et al<sup>1</sup>provided evidence for group C streptococci as a causative organism of pharyngitis. However, Table 3 showed rhinitis as a dominant clinical feature in all of the groups except for group A streptococci. Rhinitis is well known to be associated with postnasal drip pharyngitis.<sup>2</sup>The most common cause of rhinitis is viral or allergic. Therefore, it is possible that the causative organism for the three groups (negative, group C, and non-group A, C) is viral. It would have been informative to have excluded patients with rhinitis in order to provide a stronger argument for causality by group C streptococci. The demographic data did not include information as to whether similar proportions of control and study groups had a prior history of tonsillectomy. Although the indications for tonsillectomies are controversial, the procedure has been found to reduce significantly the incidence
Early HCV RNA changes in patients treated with PegIFN alpha 2b and ribavirin
Authors: Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco, Ana P. Fuentes, Marco A. Olivera-Martinez, Gabriela Gutierrez, Diego Cortina, Jesus A. Oregel, Cristian Perez-Pruna, Sara Sixtos, Socorro Cruz, Luis E. Soto, Roberto Rodriguez-Diaz, Daniel Leon-Garcia, Maria C. Gutierrez-Ruiz, David Kershenobich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Prostate Cancer Detection Rate in Patients with Repeated Extended 21-Sample Needle Biopsy
Authors: Jean-Louis Campos-Fernandes, Laurence Bastien, Nathalie Nicolaiew, Grégoire Robert, Stéphane Terry, Francis Vacherot, Laurent Salomon, Yves Allory, Dimitri Vordos, Andras Hoznek, René Yiou, Jean Jacques Patard, Claude Clément Abbou, Alexandre de la Taille
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Distribution of Physicians
Authors: Frederic W. Hafferty
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The article Where Have All The Doctors Gone by Newhouse and colleagues (1982; 247:2392) and its predecessor article 1 represent a major and formidable statement regarding the applicability of trickle-down or  slice models to explain physician manpower distribution. 2 Such prominence at a time when other market-forces theories enjoy popularity in federal economic circles only serves to underscore the scrutiny to which both data and interpretations must be subjected.  A review of the data presented leaves no question that physicians in 1979 were more broadly distributed and present in smaller communities than in 1970. The conclusion that competitive forces play a major role in determining where physicians choose to practice is, however, not supported by the data. In fact, the authors present no data at all that speak to mechanisms of deployment, only outcomes. Instead, this and related conclusions rest on a labyrinth of assumptions, many
G-protein coupled and tyrosine kinase receptors: evidence that activation of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor is required for thrombin-induced mitogenesis of rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: P Delafontaine, A Anwar, H Lou, L Ku
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

IGF I is an ubiquitous peptide that activates a membrane tyrosine kinase receptor and has autocrine/paracrine effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. Thrombin activates a G-protein coupled receptor and is also a mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. To assess the potential role of IGF I as a mediator of thrombin's effects, we characterized expression of IGF I and of its receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to thrombin. Thrombin dose-dependently decreased IGF I mRNA levels and caused a delayed decrease in IGF I secretion from vascular smooth muscle cells. This effect was mimicked by the hexapeptide SF-FLRN (that functions as a tethered ligand) and was inhibited by hirudin. In contrast, thrombin doubled IGF I receptor density on vascular smooth muscle cells, without altering binding affinity (Kd). An anti-IGF I antiserum markedly reduced thrombin-induced DNA synthesis, whereas nonimmune serum and an anti-fibroblast growth factor antibody were without effect. Cell counts confirmed these results. Downregulation of IGF I receptors by antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides likewise markedly inhibited thrombin-induced DNA synthesis. These data demonstrate that a functional IGF I-IGF I receptor pathway is essential for thrombin-induced mitogenic signaling and support the concept of cross talk between G-protein coupled and tyrosine kinase receptors.
Judge allows disclosure of workers' medical records after death
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A High Court judge in London ruled last week that doctors’ duty of confidentiality “arguably” survives a patient’s death but gave the go ahead “in the public interest” for the disclosure of medical records of dead nuclear plant workers to an independent inquiry.

The order by Mr Justice Foskett removed a barrier to the release of the records of dead workers to the public inquiry looking into the removal of hearts, lungs, and other organs from the bodies of employees in the nuclear industry for testing for plutonium after their deaths.

The inquiry, conducted by Michael Redfern QC, was set up by the …
Studies of Atomic Bomb Survivors Understanding Radiation Effects
Authors: John D. Boice
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Public concern about ionizing radiation, particularly radiation produced by nuclear processes, originated at the end of World War II, when atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. We owe much to the members of the Joint Commission for the Investigation of the Effects of the Atomic Bombs, who, in 1946, had the vision, in the face of the destruction and turmoil brought about by the bombings, to see that essential knowledge on the health effects of radiation might be gained from that dreadful experience.<sup>1</sup> To this end, the epidemiologic studies of atomic bomb survivors have provided the single most important source of information on the immediate and delayed effects of acute, wholebody exposure to ionizing radiation. These ongoing studies are reviewed in three articles in this issue ofThe Journalby Yoshimoto,<sup>2</sup>Yamazaki and Schull,<sup>3</sup>and Shimizu and colleagues.<sup>4</sup>The studies, which are now
Private provider's contract is terminated after half of cataract patients experience complications
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

An NHS hospital has terminated a contract with a private healthcare provider only four days into its term, after half of patients who underwent cataract operations experienced complications.

Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust cut short its contract with Vanguard Healthcare after around half of the 62 patients who had been operated on in a mobile unit at Musgrove Park Hospital reported blurring, swelling, and other adverse effects. An 84 year old retired salesman, who has lost his sight and has been told that he will need a corneal transplant, is taking legal action.

His …
New or Neglected Physical Signs in Diagnosis of Chest Diseases
Authors: Coleman B. Rabin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During the course of the past 35 years at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, we have made frequent use of a number of physical signs which, apparently, are not widely known. The list of these signs has grown in recent years. Since we have found them to be of considerable value in the clinical diagnosis of chest diseases, it appears advisable to call attention to them, to describe the manner in which they are elicited, and to indicate their clinical significance. Fifteen of the signs have been selected for description. These have been divided into four groups in accordance with the area or the conditions to which they refer. They relate to signs of bronchial obstruction, signs referable to the trachea, the detection of abnormalities in the neck secondary to thoracic diseases, and the recognition of clubbing of the fingers and of so-called pulmonary osteoarthropathy. <h3>Signs of</h3>
Coombs' (Antiglobulin) Test
Authors: Joseph R. Bove
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The detection of antibodies against human erythrocytes is important in the diagnosis of hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, and transfusion reactions and is essential for crossmatching blood before transfusion. Such antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin group of proteins. The immunoglobulin-S are IgG, the most common; IgM; and IgA. Tests for blood group antibodies must detect antibody protein of all three immunoglobulin types. While no one test will do this for every antibody, the Coombs' (antiglobulin) test is the best because it reacts with most antibodies in each class of immunoglobulin. The test is done with antiglobulin serum, an anti-antibody type of reagent produced in laboratory animals. Rabbits injected with human serum produce antibodies to human proteins. Serum from such immunized animals, when properly prepared, can be used as an anti-antibody to detect human immunoglobulins, particularly those that have reacted with erythrocytes. In the Coombs' test, erythrocytes coated with antibody are agglutinated
Endoscopy-assisted percutaneous anterior gastropexy for gastric volvulus: a minimally invasive technique using a special instrument
Authors: M. Kawai, M. Hiramatsu, S.-W. Lee, T. Tokuhara, Y. Fujita, E. Nomura, K. Inoue, A. Yoden, H. Tamai, K. Uchiyama
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 5-year-old boy, who had had repeated episodes of vomiting, developed sudden onset mild abdominal pain and vomiting. An enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed marked distension of the stomach ([Fig. 1]) and a barium meal revealed a suspected mesenterioaxial gastric volvulus ([Fig. 2 a]). No evidence of a hiatal hernia or mucosal ischemic change was observed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Therefore, the abnormal rotation was reduced using an endoscope to the normal anatomical position, which was confirmed radiologically ([Fig. 2 b]). The post-therapeutic course was uneventful.
Echocardiography in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease.
Authors: R Fogelholm, J Melin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A propos de 97 cas d'ischemie cerebrale (le plus souvent due a des infarctus du territoire carotidien) on confirme l'utilite de l'echocardiographie qui permet souvent de deceler une alteration cardiaque responsable et peut guider le traitement
Glenn Reynolds, MD: a matter of attitude
Authors: Gail McBride
Journal: JAMA (1981)

like some other physicians you know: intelligent, inventive, hard-working, compassionate with his patients, someone who loves a good joke.  also recreation-minded—has been a pilot, sails his own boat, has even run some wily Idaho rivers on a raft.   when you get to know him, it all seems perfectly natural, even though Glenn G. Reynolds, MD, has been confined to a wheelchair for the past 28 of his 55 years.  He's a living example of what a handicapped person can do, says his close friend and associate Erwin H. Sprengel, administrator and co-director of the Northern California Regional Spinal Injury System. Reflecting further, Sprengel adds, And there's no one like him.  Striken by polio as a 27-year-old, third-year medical student at Loma Linda University School of Medicine in California, Reynolds managed to finish school about six months later than his classmates. Then he went to what is now