tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cholera Toxin on In Vitro Models of Immediate and Delayed Hypersensitivity. FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE
Authors: L. M. Lichtenstein, C. S. Henney, H. R. Bourne, W. B. Greenough
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Cholera enterotoxin inhibits the antigen-induced. IgE-mediated release of histamine from human leukocytes and the lysis of allogeneic mastocytoma cells by splenic lymphocytes from specifically immunized mice. This effect requires a prolonged preincubation time of the toxin with the lymphocyte/leukocyte preparations: a demonstrable inhibition requires about 30 min of pre-incubation and the toxin activity is still increasing at 90-180 min. Cholera enterotoxin also stimulates adenyl cyclase and leads to increased levels of cyclic AMP in the lymphocyte/leukocyte preparations. The concentration of toxin required for both cyclic AMP accumulation and inhibition of the biologic responses is about the same (ca. 1 ng/ml), and the time course of cyclic AMP accumulation parallels the development of inhibitory activity. Both activities, inhibition of the in vitro hypersensitivity reactions and cyclic AMP accumulation, are blocked by cholera antitoxin and by a toxoid prepared from the toxin (choleragenoid). These are specific antagonists in that they do not block the inhibiting activity or rise in cyclic AMP levels caused by other adenyl cyclase stimulators. Because cholera enterotoxin has no known activity other than the stimulation of adenyl cyclase and because of its unusual time course and the availability of specific antagonists, this data considerably strengthens the hypothesis that the cyclic AMP system influences the expression of these two forms of hypersensitivity phenomena.
Investigation of Potential HIV Transmission to the Patients of an HIV-Infected Surgeon
Authors: Audrey Smith Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To ascertain if a surgeon infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted HIV to patients during invasive surgical procedures. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey of patients and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case registries, and laboratory analysis of nucleotide sequence data. <h3>Setting.</h3> —One surgeon's private and institutional practices within one academic referral hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 1131 persons identified in hospital databases who underwent invasive surgical procedures from 1984 through 1990 and for whom the surgeon was listed as the admitting or operating surgeon. <h3>Measurement.</h3> —Patients presumed to be living were surveyed by mailed questionnaire. The AIDS case registries were reviewed for all patients having undergone invasive procedures and death certificates were obtained. Person-hours of surgery during which exposure might have occurred were calculated for surgical procedures. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 1131 patients, 101 were dead, 119 had no address, 413 had test results known, and 498 did not respond to the questionnaire. No study patient name was found in reported AIDS case registries. One newly detected, HIV-seropositive patient was determined (through nucleotide sequencing) to have been most probably infected in 1985 during a transfusion. There was no HIV transmission in 369 person-hours of surgical exposure, indicating that HIV transmission to patients is unlikely to occur more frequently than once per 1000 person-hours of surgical exposure. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —If study validity and resources permit, investigation of publicly disclosed, HIV-infected health care workers whose practices involve invasive procedures should be pursued. The risk of HIV transmission during surgery may be so small that it will be quantified only by pooling data from multiple, methodologically similar investigations. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1795-1801)
Self injection treatment for impotence.
Authors: A Gregoire
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Until recently our sister department in the Western General Hospital operated a 12 channel SMAC II system; neither uric acid concentration nor creatine kinase activity was included in its configuration.Thus SMAC configurations differ.Doctors should specify the measurements that they wish to have performed or that they recommend should be performed.It is not satisfactory to write SMAC on request forms or to describe the results of investigations by saying, for example, that "the patient's SMAC was normal."Such uses of the abbreviation should be actively discouraged, especially by those concerned in medical education as they make no allowance for the various SMAC configurations, nor for the fact that periodically one or more channels of the machine system may be "down."The "SMAC mentality" encourages an uncritical approach to requesting investigations, a practice so eloquently deplored by the late Dr Richard Asher.
Maybe it helps to be conscious, after all
Authors: Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D. Vohs, E. J. Masicampo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Psychologists debate whether consciousness or unconsciousness is most central to human behavior. Our goal, instead, is to figure out how they work together. Conscious processes are partly produced by unconscious processes, and much information processing occurs outside of awareness. Yet, consciousness has advantages that the unconscious does not. We discuss how consciousness causes behavior, drawing conclusions from large-scale literature reviews.
Validation of a Case Definition for Foot Complications Among Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Todd S. Harwell, Judy Gilman, Lori Dehart, Edine Loran, Nancy Eyler, Philip Schrumpf, Christopher M. Corsi, Janet M. McDowall, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Jeanine A. Ford, Dorothy Gohdes, Steven D. Helgerson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Lower extremity ulcers (LEU) and amputations (LEA) as well as other foot complications are a serious preventable problem among patients with diabetes. To establish a hospital-based surveillance system for foot complications and to initiate quality improvement efforts to prevent future complications, we used a case definition developed by Harrington et al. (1). The authors developed this definition as part of a cost analysis study of foot complications among Medicare beneficiaries. The case definition utilizes ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes and Current Procedural Terminology, version 4 (CPT-4), procedural codes to identify patients with diabetes having a LEU, LEA, or other foot complications. First, patients with diabetes were identified based on hospitalization diagnoses. Then, the subgroup of patients with ICD-9-CM diagnoses of CPT-4 procedure codes for possible foot complications were identified. The ICD-9-CM diagnoses included LEU; carbuncle or furuncle of the foot; cellulitus of abscess of the toe or foot; gangrene; infectious myositis; unspecified myalgia or myositis; osteomyelitis; amputation or resection of the foot, ankle, leg, or knee and above; and late amputation stump complication. The CPT-4 procedures included …
Transport of macromolecules through microvascular walls
Authors: C.C. Michel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

This review addresses the long-standing controversy over the principal mechanisms of transport of macromolecules through the endothelium of microvessels of ‘normal’ permeability. Two types of mechanism have been proposed: convective transport through ‘large pores’ in the endothelium; transport via vesicles (transcytosis). The different techniques for estimating microvascular permeability to macromolecules are described and values for microvascular permeability to serum albumin in different tissues are tabulated. Whereas the evidence for convective transport when obtained from experiments on perfused microvascular beds remains convincing, attention is drawn to recent measurements using the tracer uptake technique which suggest that transport in the intact circulation from blood to tissues may not be coupled to fluid movement. Direct evidence for the involvement of endothelial vesicles in transendothelial transport has been reported relatively recently but the mechanisms whereby macromolecules are conveyed through the vesicular system have yet to be established. The possibility of convective transport through transient transendothelial channels formed by the fusion of vesicles is discussed.
Patient-Computer Dialogue
Authors: Daniel Deykin, Christine Balko, Warner V. Slack, Charles W. Slack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

DIALOGUE between doctor and patient is a time-honored process revered by the medical profession. During conversation with his patient the doctor can establish rapport, evaluate his patient's ability to engage in productive discussion, observe his patient's nonverbal behavior and collect historical information of clinical relevance. In addition, he can dispense useful information and attempt psychotherapy. Verbal communication is perhaps more central to psychotherapy than to any other aspect of medicine. Yet doctors as interviewers are busy, expensive and sometimes hard to find. It seems reasonable, therefore, to look for substitutes that will serve at least some of the purposes of . . .
Alcohol and the Driver-Reply
Authors: James L. Breeling
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The Council on Scientific Affairs carefully examined the scientific literature on alcohol-impaired driving and found what it considered persuasive evidence that significant numbers of drivers are impaired at a BAC of 0.05%. That evidence is cited in the COUNCIL REPORT. Contrary to Dr Hjelle's belief in "society's tolerant attitude toward drunk driving," the Council also found persuasive evidence in the literature to document a societal attitude that is evolving toward less tolerance of alcohol-impaired driving and more demand for effective laws, effectively enforced. The Council recommendations regarding BAC reflect the need to support the societal loss of tolerance. It should be noted that the Council specifically did not cite any "safe" levels of drinking for drivers: the chief recommendation in the Council report is that drivers should not drink. Mr Falck's comments fall into an area of ongoing debate: how to remove the young driver from high risk
Prophetess of Health: A Study of Ellen G. White
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Ellen G. White, the "prophetess" of the Seventh Day Adventists, has received no attention from historians. Professor Numbers, who has had at least partial access to documents hitherto completely closed to scholars, has written an admirable biography, valuable to anyone with the slightest interest in the social and medical history of 19th century America. Although himself an Adventist, he completely avoids any sectarian approach. Ellen Gould Harmon (1827-1915), born into the Methodist faith, became a follower of William Miller, who prophesied the second coming of Christ. Later, she accepted the Seventh Day Sabbath, and the combination led her to Seventh Day Adventism, of which she was the spiritual leader. Ellen, from childhood, was subject to visions in which she talked to God. She claimed that what she said represented what God told her, and she was able to persuade a substantial number of people to believe in her visions. Since
Raynaud's phenomenon and antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: is there an association?
Authors: D Caccavo, F Del Porto, P Garzia, A P Mitterhofer, S Galluzzo, A Rigon, M Vadacca, M F Navajas, A Amoroso, A Afeltra
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the association of IgG and IgM antibodies directed against different negatively charged phospholipids (that is, anticardiolipin (aCL), antiphosphatidylinositol, antiphosphatidylserine, and antiphosphatidic acid) and anti-β<sub>2</sub>-glycoprotein I (aβ<sub>2</sub>GPI), with Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <b>Methods:</b> Ninety three patients with SLE (81 female), 40 with and 53 without Raynaud's phenomenon, were included in the study. IgG and IgM antiphospholipid antibodies and aβ<sub>2</sub>GPI were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). <b>Results:</b> Fifty patients (54%) were positive for IgG and/or IgM antibodies to one or more phospholipid antigens or to β<sub>2</sub>GPI. The prevalence of all autoantibodies evaluated, either IgG or IgM, was higher in patients without than in those with Raynaud's phenomenon. A negative association was found between IgG aCL and Raynaud's phenomenon (p=0.038), whereas autoantibodies other than aCL were not significantly associated with Raynaud's phenomenon. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results demonstrate no positive association between antiphospholipid antibodies and Raynaud's phenomenon in SLE and indicate that measurement of anti-negatively charged phospholipid antibodies other than aCL is not useful as a serological marker predictive for Raynaud's phenomenon.
Results of family-orientated therapy with hospitalized schizophrenics.
Authors: A. Esterson, D. G. Cooper, R. D. Laing
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Principles of MethodDetails of our method of family and group study and treat- ment of the person diagnosed as schizophrenic will be described in subsequent publications.Very briefly, the principles we have followed are: (1) A systematic clarification and undoing of patterns of communi- cation that we take to be "schizogenic" within the family.(2) A similar clarification and undoing of such patterns of communication between patients and between staff and patients.(3) Continuity of personnel working with the family during and after the patient's stay in hospital.(4) No individual psychotherapy was given. (5)None of the so-called shock treatments were used, nor was leucotomy.Patients received comparatively small doses of tranquillizers.For instance, no male patient received more than the equivalent of 300 mg. of chlorpromazine, and 25 % of patients received no tranquillizers at all.Less than 50% of the women and 15 % of the men received tranquilizers during the follow-up period.A schizophrenic who is admitted to hospital is handicapped to a greater or less degree in his ability to live under ordinary social conditions.It is necessary to provide a social setting on 30 July
The Psychotogenic ‘Double-Bind’ Model in Psycholysis. Case Study Contribution to the Sociogenic Theory of Schizophrenia
Authors: Milan Hausner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 The Psychotogenic 'Double-Bind' Model in Psycholysis. Case Study Contribution to the Sociogenic Theory of Schizophrenia Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Milan Hausner Milan Hausner Praha 8 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1975) 25 (1-6): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286825 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Milan Hausner; The Psychotogenic 'Double-Bind' Model in Psycholysis. Case Study Contribution to the Sociogenic Theory of Schizophrenia. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1975; 25 (1-6): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286825 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1975Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Cardiomyocytes Derived From Pluripotent Stem Cells Recapitulate Electrophysiological Characteristics of an Overlap Syndrome of Cardiac Sodium Channel Disease
Authors: Richard P. Davis, Simona Casini, Cathelijne W. van den Berg, Maaike Hoekstra, Carol Ann Remme, Cheryl Dambrot, Daniela Salvatori, Dorien Ward-van Oostwaard, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Connie R. Bezzina, Arie O. Verkerk, Christian Freund, Christine L. Mummery
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a new paradigm for modeling genetic cardiac diseases, but it is unclear whether mouse and human PSCs can truly model both gain- and loss-of-function genetic disorders affecting the Na + current ( I Na ) because of the immaturity of the PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. To address this issue, we generated multiple PSC lines containing a Na + channel mutation causing a cardiac Na + channel overlap syndrome. Method and Results— Induced PSC (iPSC) lines were generated from mice carrying the Scn5a 1798insD/ + (Scn5a-het) mutation. These mouse iPSCs, along with wild-type mouse iPSCs, were compared with the targeted mouse embryonic stem cell line used to generate the mutant mice and with the wild-type mouse embryonic stem cell line. Patch-clamp experiments showed that the Scn5a-het cardiomyocytes had a significant decrease in I Na density and a larger persistent I Na compared with Scn5a-wt cardiomyocytes. Action potential measurements showed a reduced upstroke velocity and longer action potential duration in Scn5a-het myocytes. These characteristics recapitulated findings from primary cardiomyocytes isolated directly from adult Scn5a-het mice. Finally, iPSCs were generated from a patient with the equivalent SCN5A 1795insD/ + mutation. Patch-clamp measurements on the derivative cardiomyocytes revealed changes similar to those in the mouse PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusion— Here, we demonstrate that both embryonic stem cell- and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes can recapitulate the characteristics of a combined gain- and loss-of-function Na + channel mutation and that the electrophysiological immaturity of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes does not preclude their use as an accurate model for cardiac Na + channel disease.
Behavioral Management for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Evelyn Attia, B Timothy Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 23-year-old woman with anorexia nervosa visits her internist to discuss possible admission to an inpatient behavioral-treatment program. Behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa includes direct supervision of eating, establishment of weight-gain goals, and implementation of contingencies if goals are not achieved. The most important adverse effect of such programs is the risk of the refeeding syndrome, a rare but potentially life-threatening metabolic disorder.
Collaboration, Genetic Associations, and Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Mary K. Crow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease that preferentially targets women during the reproductive years, is considered by many clinicians and investigators to be the prototypic autoimmune disease. Among clinicians, this status is based on the characteristic involvement of multiple organ systems — most notably, skin, kidneys, joints, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system — with the deposition of immune complexes and complement, inflammation, and vascular damage noted by pathologists. From the perspective of the immunologist, SLE is a model disease that has provided important insights into immune-system function. As is characteristic of most complex diseases, genetic and environmental factors determine . . .
NICE Citizens Council debates incentives for healthy behaviour
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has asked its Citizens Council to debate whether the NHS should give incentives, such as cash or gym memberships, to people who change their unhealthy behaviour.

The council consists of 30 members of the public from a range of backgrounds throughout England and Wales. It is debating the issue this week and will publish its report in eight weeks. The report will be used to inform NICE policy and guidance.

Mike Kelly, director of the Centre for Public Health Excellence at NICE, admitted the issue was controversial. “It raises moral, political, and ideological questions, and people have very strong views on the issue. We want to get a sense of where public opinion is.”

Professor Kelly said that …
A phase 3 study of the oral PARP inhibitor talazoparib (BMN 673) in BRCA mutation subjects with advanced breast cancer (EMBRACA)
Authors: H. Roche, J. Blum, W. Eiermann, Y.-H. Im, M. Martin, L. Mina, H. Rugo, F. Visco, C. Zhang, N. Lokker, D. Lounsbury, J. Litton
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: A 52-week multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety
Authors: Nicholas J. Lowe, Dee Anna Glaser, Nina Eadie, Simon Daggett, Jonathan W. Kowalski, Pan-Yu Lai
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Generalized vitiligo after lymphocyte infusion for relapsed leukaemia.
Authors: W.Y. Au, C.K. Yeung, H.H. Chan, A.K. Lie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease caused by T-lymphocyte-mediated destruction of melanocytes. We describe two patients with generalized vitiligo caused iatrogenically after donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for leukaemia relapse over 3 years after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Neither the sibling donor nor the recipient had vitiligo or other autoimmune diseases, and vitiligo did not occur after the first BMT. DLI was accompanied by skin graft-versus-host disease in both cases, which was controlled with immunosuppression. However, over several months, progressive generalized and persistent skin depigmentation occurred in both patients. Peripheral blood molecular studies showed the complete disappearance of host haematolymphopoiesis. The specific destruction of melanocytes in both patients was therefore probably mediated by new alloreactive lymphocytes infused from the donors.