tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: Targeting Resistance in the Androgen Receptor for Therapeutic Benefit
Authors: Elahe A. Mostaghel, Stephen R. Plymate, Bruce Montgomery
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Androgen receptor signaling is critical in the development and progression of prostate cancer, leading to intensive efforts to elucidate all potential points of inflection for therapeutic intervention. These efforts have revealed new mechanisms of resistance and raise the possibility that known mechanisms may become even more relevant in the context of effective androgen receptor suppression. These mechanisms include tumoral appropriation of alternative androgen sources, alterations in androgen receptor expression, androgen receptor mutations, truncated androgen receptor variants, alterations and cross-talk in recruitment of cofactors to androgen receptor binding sites in the genome, and androgen receptor–driven oncogenic gene fusions. New agents such as enzalutamide, EPI-001, androgen receptor–specific peptidomimetics, novel HSP90 inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors, as well as new approaches to cotargeting the androgen receptor pathway, point to the potential for more complete and durable control of androgen receptor–mediated growth. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 791–8. ©2013 AACR.
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: is the atrium a necessary link?
Authors: M E Josephson, J A Kastor
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Whether or not the atrium plays an essential role in initiating and/or sustaining atrioventricular (A-V) nodal re-entrant tachycardia was evaluated in eight patients. In all eight patients, the atrium could be rendered refractory to retrograde atrial echoes during the tachycardia without interrupting the arrhythmia. This was accomplished by introducing atrial premature depolarizations prior to the time the atrium would normally be retrogradely depolarized by atrial echoes. In one patient, two atrial premature depolarizations could be introduced, producing A-V dissociation, without terminating the tachycardia. In another patient, the tachycardia could be initiated without an atrial echo. Our data suggest that most, if not all of the atrium is unnecessary for the initiation and maintenance of A-V nodal re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia.
Immunologic Disorders in Infants and Children
Authors: Marietta M. Henry
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Modern immunology has come a long way from Jenner and his milkmaids. Now we have "nude" mice in the laboratory and a plethora of eponyms and classifications of the many components of the immunological system. Read this book to review the basic knowledge now available, particularly the important portion relevant to human health and disease. The intricacies of immunology confound many physicians, particularly since much of its growth has come in the past 15 years. Writing with both the specialist and the generalist in mind, the contributors to this book have combined a presentation of laboratory investigations with clinical descriptions of immunologic disorders. The information is presented with admirable brevity and the illustrations serve to convey the sense of order of nature's plan. Key references to summary and review articles are provided; however, most chapters are followed by at least a page of references. The terminology employed is that recommended
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: K. Till
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A lesson once learnt…

One year ago in the BMJ Meg Patterson described her flash of recollection during a life threatening operation in a remote part of Darjeeling, when severe abdominal bleeding occurred with no blood available for transfusion.1 She had witnessed Norman Tanner, a surgical giant of his time, pack the bleeding area with gauze …
Adverse Events Associated With 24-Hour Ambulatory Sphygmomanometry
Authors: James F. Burris
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several microprocessor-controlled, battery-powered, noninvasive, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring devices are now marketed in the United States. These devices are used widely in clinical trials that evaluate new antihypertensive drugs and increasingly are applied clinically in diagnosis and treatment of hypertension as well. Their proper role, both in clinical trials and in routine patient care, currently is being hotly debated by hypertension specialists in the United States and Europe. Ambulatory sphygmomanometry is inconvenient for patients because of the weight and bulk of the equipment and the repeated inflation of the blood pressure cuff throughout a 24-hour period, but generally it has not been associated with important adverse events. Clearly, it is much safer than invasive intra-arterial monitoring methods. One patient who developed the Rumpel-Leede sign and another who developed thrombophlebitis in association with use of a noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitor have been reported previously.<sup>1,2</sup> We
Parainfluenza Virus Type 3
Authors: Gustavo Román, C. Alan Phillips, Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We report the isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from the CSF of a 19-year-old man with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Although parainfluenza viruses are usually associated with respiratory tract illnesses, some strains show a neurotropism not previously appreciated. Thus, parainfluenza viruses may be responsible for a portion of cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Promoter Methylation and Response to Chemotherapy and Radiation in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: James P. Hamilton, Fumiaki Sato, Bruce D. Greenwald, Mohan Suntharalingam, Mark J. Krasna, Martin J. Edelman, Austin Doyle, Agnes T. Berki, John M. Abraham, Yuriko Mori, Takatsugu Kan, Carmit Mantzur, Bogdan Paun, Suna Wang, Tetsuo Ito, Zhe Jin, Stephen J. Meltzer
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Safety agency wants to do more to engage clinicians, its head says
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Anaesthetists will be the first specialists in England to have their own reporting system for patient safety incidents, the government's safety agency has announced.

The new system, which is due to be piloted next year, will work in tandem with the national reporting and learning system, which the National Patient Safety Agency set up in 2004 to capture mistakes and near misses involving patients in the NHS ( BMJ 2004;328:481 doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7438.481).

But questions have been raised about the usefulness and accuracy of the data captured by the current system and the speed …
Orf. Report of 19 human cases with clinical and pathological observations
Authors: U. W. Leavell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Human orf occurred in 19 cases. The pathogenesis of the disease is similar in man and sheep, going through macular, target, acute, regenerative, papiliomatous, and regressive stages. Our cases healed with no scar in an average of 36 days. In three cases there was fever, lymphangitis, and lymphadenopathy. These complications cleared in three days in the cases observed. Progressive increase in size of regional lymph nodes was found 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after experimental vaccination of the extremities of a ewe. Electron microscopy revealed viral particles in various stages of maturation. The particles had the characteristic size and structure of the poxvirus group.
Rapid Noninvasive Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii from Induced Liquefied Sputum
Authors: Muhammad K. Zaman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Pneumocystis carinii organisms cluster in alveolar casts. A method for concentrating alveolar casts in sputum specimens might improve the diagnostic usefulness of sputum studies in possible cases of pulmonary infection with Pneumocystis carinii. The use of sputum induction to detect Pneumocystis carinii was studied in 40 consecutive patients with known or suspected human immunodeficiency virus infection having bronchoscopy for evaluation of pulmonary disease. Sputum produced by deep coughing induced by 3% saline via a jet nebulizer was liquefied with dithiothreitol, and cells were sedimented and stained. Liquefaction of mucus allowed concentration of alveolar casts where P. carinii cysts were readily identified. A total of 28 patients were found to have P. carinii, which was detected in concentrated sputum in 21 of 38 patients, unconcentrated sputum in 10 of 38 patients, and by bronchoscopy in 25 of 37 patients. Sensitivity of concentrated sputum compared with bronchoscopy was 78% (95% CI, 58 to 90), with a negative predictive value of 71% (95% CI, 47 to 87). Values for unconcentrated sputum were 43% (95% CI, 25 to 63) and 48% (95% CI, 30 to 67), respectively. Liquefaction of adequately induced sputum facilitates processing and interpretation and increases yield for P. carinii, eliminating the need for invasive procedures in most patients.
Dr. Holt's Rebuttal
Authors: Earl P. Holt
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Lipton seems to be puzzled by the finding that pain is experienced when the normal human cervical disk is injected with contrast media. Attention must first be directed to the fact that these volunteers were given only a token amount of analgesics or sedatives because of the dangers of narcotics and barbiturates in prison inmates. Each volunteer admitted to experiencing a great deal of pain with intra-disk injection. The group was a stoical lot for the most part and there was no hint of "hysterical exaggeration." Further, each individual served as his own control in regard to pain tolerance, since he first had to submit to injection of a local anesthetic in the skin of the neck, down to the vertebral column, and the introduction of the needles into the individual disk spaces themselves. This portion of the test was uniformly well tolerated except by two
916 PHARMACOLOGICAL ANTAGONISM OF THE CHEMOKINE CCL5 (RANTES) AMELIORATES EXPERIMENTAL LIVER FIBROSIS IN VIVO
Authors: M.-L. Berres, M. Moreno Zaldivar, R. Koenen, P. Schmitz, C. Weber, C. Trautwein, H.E. Wasmuth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Nanocarriers: Brain Endothelial Cell Targeting Via a Peptide‐Functionalized Liposomal Carrier for Xenon Hyper‐CEST MRI (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2015)
Authors: Matthias Schnurr, Karl Sydow, Honor May Rose, Margitta Dathe, Leif Schröder
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Non-invasive hyperpolarized xenon magnetic resonance imaging provides very high sensitivity. On page 40 L. Schröder and colleagues apply for the first time a nanoparticulate carrier to deliver a xenon-based magnetic resonance contrast agent for selective human brain endothelial cell targeting. The carrier not only improves the biocompatibility and solubility of the xenon contrast agent but it also generates magnetic resonance imaging contrast at nanomolar concentration.
Analysis of left ventricular wall motion based on volumetric deformable models and MRI-SPAMM
Authors: Jinah Park, Dimitri Metaxas, Leon Axel
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (1996)

We present a new approach for the analysis of the left ventricular shape and motion based on the development of a new class of volumetric deformable models. We estimate the deformation and complex motion of the left ventricle (LV) in terms of a few parameters that are functions and whose values vary locally across the LV. These parameters capture the radial and longitudinal contraction, the axial twisting, and the long-axis deformation. Using Lagrangian dynamics and finite-element theory, we convert these volumetric primitives into dynamic models that deform due to forces exerted by the datapoints. We present experiments where we used magnetic tagging (MRI-SPAMM) to acquire datapoints from the LV during systole. By applying our method to MRI-SPAMM datapoints, we were able to characterize the 3-D shape and motion of the LV both locally and globally, in a clinically useful way. In addition, based on the model parameters we were able to extract quantitative differences between normal and abnormal hearts and visualize them in a way that is useful to physicians.
Physiological aspects of menopausal hot flush
Authors: J. R Clayden
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Six patients completed the study.In the remaining five the trial had to be abandoned because of acute flare-up of eczema on both sides (4) or severe itching on both sides (1).In none of the remaining six was there any significant difference in the itching or severity of eczema between the two sides.Only one of these patients showed an overall clinical improvement during the period of the trial.
P3-07-24: Accuracy and Cost Effectiveness of Frozen Section Examination of the Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) of Breast.
Authors: UK Ballehaninna, E Santoro, SS Schaefer, MM Blackwood, RS Chamberlain
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: SLN biopsy (SLNB) can avoid reoperation for axillary staging in DCIS patients upstaged to invasive breast cancer (IBC) following resection. Intraoperative frozen section (IFS) examination of the SLN is a widely accepted tool for IBC patients in order to select candidates for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), and avoid reoperation. Until now, utility of IFS in DCIS patients has not been addressed. Methods: Data from DCIS patients undergoing resection with SLNB (2000-11) was analyzed to determine the utility and cost of IFS exam and its impact on axillary management. A binomial regression analysis was performed to assess factors predictive of IFS positivity and SLN metastases (SLNM). Results: 401 patients (core biopsy, N=276, or excisional biopsy, N=125) underwent partial (N=84) or total mastectomy (N=317) with SLNB. 77 patients (19.2%) were upstaged to IBC. SLNM were identified in 24 patients (5.9%). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) positive individual tumor cells (ITCs) was the most common pattern of SLNM (N=12, 50%), SLN micrometastasis (SLNmi) was identified in 9 patients (37.5%) and macrometastases in 3 patients (12.5%). IFS exam was positive in only 5 patients (1.2%) with a sensitivity and specificity of 20.8% and 100%. IFS was negative in 396 patients (98.7%) yielding a false negative rate (FNR) of 79.2%. IFS costs $300,480 in DCIS patients of which only $2,970 was applicable to IFS positive patients (N=5). 11 of 24 patients with SLNM underwent ALND, revealing only 1 patient with further metastasis. Presence of IBC or DCIS with micro-invasion, multi-focal/multi-centricity, and advanced tumor stage were associated with SLNM (p&amp;lt;0.05), however no clinico-pathologic variables were predictive of IFS positivity. Conclusions: Most common patterns of SLNM in DCIS (ITCs/SLNmi) were identified only on routine pathologic assessment. Utility of IFS examination in DCIS patients is limited by poor sensitivity, high FNR and increased costs. Higher axillary nodal metastases are rare and prognostic significance of SLNmi/ITCs in DCIS is unproven. IFS examination of SLN in DCIS can be safely omitted and ALND should be performed only for SLN macrometastases. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-24.
The GPIHBP1–LPL Complex Is Responsible for the Margination of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Capillaries
Authors: Chris N. Goulbourne, Peter Gin, Angelica Tatar, Chika Nobumori, Andreas Hoenger, Haibo Jiang, Chris R.M. Grovenor, Oludotun Adeyo, Jeffrey D. Esko, Ira J. Goldberg, Karen Reue, Peter Tontonoz, André Bensadoun, Anne P. Beigneux, Stephen G. Young, Loren G. Fong
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Sun exposure and large numbers of common and atypical melanocytic naevi: an analytical study in a southern European population
Authors: None Carli, None Biggeri, None Nardini, None DE Giorgi, None Giannotti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The study analysed the relationship between high counts of common naevi and numbers of atypical naevi (AN) in sites differing in exposure to the sun. A series of 90 subjects with 100 or more common naevi (cases) and 92 controls was investigated by means of a case-control study. A striking association between high numbers of common naevi and prevalence of AN (whole body) was found. The adjustment for phenotype and phototype did not obscure this association. Similar findings were obtained after exclusion of subjects with familiarity for melanoma. Cases had more AN than controls in all the body sites, except for the buttocks, where sun exposure can be considered minimal or absent: in this site, an excess of common naevi but not of AN was found. The present study suggests that subjects with high common naevi counts show a higher prevalence of AN independently of their complexion, sunburn history and family history of melanoma. Phenotypic expression of AN seems to be enhanced by direct sun exposure.
Inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway suppresses adiponectin secretion via accelerating protein degradation by Ubiquitin–proteasome system: Relevance to obesity-related adiponectin decline
Authors: Dongfang Gu, Zhigang Wang, Xiaobing Dou, Ximei Zhang, Songtao Li, Lyndsey Vu, Tong Yao, Zhenyuan Song
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Long-term neuropsychological outcomes in children and adolescents after cardiac arrest
Authors: Lennart van Zellem, Corinne Buysse, Marlous Madderom, Jeroen S. Legerstee, Femke Aarsen, Dick Tibboel, Elisabeth M. Utens
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)

Research into neuropsychological functioning of survivors of cardiac arrest (CA) in childhood is scarce. We sought to assess long-term neuropsychological functioning in children and adolescents surviving CA.Neuropsychological follow-up study involving all consecutive children surviving CA between January 2002 and December 2011. Intelligence (IQ), language, attention, memory, visual-spatial, and executive functioning were assessed with internationally validated, neuropsychological tests and questionnaires. Scores were compared with Dutch normative data.Of 107 eligible children, 47 who visited the outpatient clinic (median follow-up interval: 5.6 years) were analyzed. Fifty-five percent had an in-hospital CA, 86% a non-shockable rhythm, and 49% a respiratory-related etiology. CA survivors scored significantly worse on full-scale IQ (mean = 87.3), verbal IQ (mean = 92.7), performance IQ (mean = 85.6), verbal comprehension index (mean = 93.4), perceptual organization index (mean = 83.8), and processing speed index (mean = 91.1), than the norm population (mean IQ = 100). On neuropsychological tests, compared with norms, respectively adjusted for IQ, significantly worse scores were found on visual memory, significantly better on verbal memory (recognition), and comparable outcomes on visual-motor integration, attention, other measures of verbal memory, and executive functioning. On questionnaires, parents reported better executive functioning than the norm, but teachers reported more problems in planning/organizing skills.Long-term neuropsychological assessment of CA survivors showed significant weaknesses, but also relatively intact functioning. As deficits in IQ, memory and executive functioning have significant impact on the child, long-term follow-up and neuropsychological support of CA survivors is warranted.
Stroke after acute myocardial infarction: relation to infarct size.
Authors: P L Thompson, J S Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a consecutive series of 783 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 13 (1.7%) suffered a stroke. In all but one case the strokes occurred among the 255 patients whose peak creatine kinase (CK) concentrations fell in the upper third of the range of values (over 1160 IU/l, about eight times the upper limit of normal); the exception was a patient with a pre-existing ventricular aneurysm. The incidence of stroke in the patients with CK over 1160 IU/l was 4.7%, 24 times the incidence when peak CK was below this value (0.2%). Higher peak serum enzyme concentrations were associated with an even higher incidence of stroke. Comparison of peak enzyme concentrations with cumulated CK showed a close correlation (r = 0.90 with peak CK; r = 0.85 with peak aspartate transaminase), suggesting that the peak enzyme values reflected infarct size. Thus the risk of stroke after infarction was a function of the size of the myocardial infarct; two-thirds of the patients had negligible risk of stroke and did not need anticoagulant prophylaxis.
Semantic typing via neuronal assemblies
Authors: Martin Kurthen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

One of the main aspects of a neurobiological theory of language is the problem of meaning (or semantic content) in the brain. A full explanation of meaning requires a combined approach to semantic typing and the semantic success of cerebral states or processes. Pulverm&amp;uuml;ller presents his Hebbian model of language in the brain (HML) as an account of semantic success. If his proposal turns out to be viable, however, it may also promote a theory of semantic typing.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Workers Exposed to Fluoride
Authors: Philippe Grandjean, Jørgen H. Olsen, Ole Møller Jensen, Knud Juel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Workers Exposed to Fluoride Get access Philippe Grandjean, Philippe Grandjean Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jørgen H. Olsen, Jørgen H. Olsen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ole Møller Jensen, Ole Møller Jensen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Knud Juel Knud Juel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 24, 16 December 1992, Pages 1903–1909, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.24.1903 Published: 16 December 1992 Article history Received: 08 June 1992 Revision received: 16 September 1992 Accepted: 22 September 1992 Published: 16 December 1992
Examining the characteristics and beliefs of hydroxyurea users and nonusers among adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Carlton Haywood, Mary Catherine Beach, Shawn Bediako, C. Patrick Carroll, Lakshmi Lattimer, Dasheema Jarrett, Sophie Lanzkron
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The attitudes of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) toward the use of hydroxyurea (HU) therapy may contribute to the underutilization of HU in the United States, yet our understanding of these attitudes is limited. We examined the attitudes and beliefs of 94 adult SCD patients, comparing those who never used HU (n 5 37), formerly used HU (n 5 23), and were currently using HU (n 5 34). Seventy percent of current HU users reported some level of improvement from the drug ("average" or "very much") and 80% reported little or no trouble from side effects. Fifty-seven percent of former users reported taking HU for less than 6 months, with "doctor"s recommendation," or "not liking the way it made me feel" given as the most commonly reported reasons for stopping HU. Fifty percent of the never users reported receiving no information about HU from any source, and 85% of the never users thought that they would receive no improvement if they were to take HU. A deeper understanding of patient perspectives toward HU utilization is required as part of multipronged efforts to combat its underutilization in the treatment of SCD.