tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxis against malaria.
Authors: D. Fegan, J. Glennon, J. Ansah
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVES: To assess if seropositivity to human papillomavirus type 16 capsids is a better marker of sexual history than the presence of HPV DNA. STUDY DESIGN: A population based age stratified random sample of 234 Norwegian women (mean age 32.8 years, range 20-44) was examined for HPV serum antibodies, cervical HPV DNA, cytology and age in relation to sexual behaviour. RESULTS: Neither age nor age at first sexual intercourse was associated with HPV 16 antibodies. Adjusted ORs for 4-5; 6-10 and &gt; 10 versus 0-1 lifetime sexual partners, were 13.1 (95% CI 1.5-110.8), 8.2 (1.0-69.6) and 10.5 (1.2-94.0) for HPV 16 seropositivity, respectively; and 2.6 (0.2-27.8), 3.4 (0.4-31.7) and 4.1 (0.4-42.8) for HPV 16 DNA positivity, respectively. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity to HPV 16 capsids is positively associated with the number of sexual partners, suggesting that HPV 16 is predominantly sexually transmitted. The fact that serology had a stronger association with number of sexual partners than viral DNA suggests that seroreactivity is a better measure of lifetime history of HPV infection.
Calcineurin/NFAT Coupling Participates in Pathological, but not Physiological, Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Benjamin J. Wilkins, Yan-Shan Dai, Orlando F. Bueno, Stephanie A. Parsons, Jian Xu, David M. Plank, Fred Jones, Thomas R. Kimball, Jeffery D. Molkentin
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Calcineurin (PP2B) is a calcium/calmodulin-activated, serine-threonine phosphatase that transmits signals to the nucleus through the dephosphorylation and translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) transcription factors. Whereas calcineurin-NFAT signaling has been implicated in regulating the hypertrophic growth of the myocardium, considerable controversy persists as to its role in maintaining versus initiating hypertrophy, its role in pathological versus physiological hypertrophy, and its role in heart failure. To address these issues, NFAT-luciferase reporter transgenic mice were generated and characterized. These mice showed robust and calcineurin-specific activation in the heart that was inhibited with cyclosporin A. In the adult heart, NFAT-luciferase activity was upregulated in a delayed, but sustained manner throughout eight weeks of pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure-overload, or more dramatically following myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. In contrast, physiological hypertrophy as produced in two separate models of exercise training failed to show significant calcineurin-NFAT coupling in the heart at multiple time points, despite measurable increases in heart to body weight ratios. Moreover, stimulation of hypertrophy with growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) failed to activate calcineurin-NFAT signaling in the heart or in culture, despite hypertrophy, activation of Akt, and activation of p70 S6K. Calcineurin Aβ gene–targeted mice also showed a normal hypertrophic response after GH-IGF-1 infusion. Lastly, exercise- or GH-IGF-1–induced cardiac growth failed to show induction of hypertrophic marker gene expression compared with pressure-overloaded animals. Although a direct cause-and-effect relationship between NFAT-luciferase activity and pathological hypertrophy was not proven here, our results support the hypothesis that separable signaling pathways regulate pathological versus physiological hypertrophic growth of the myocardium, with calcineurin-NFAT potentially serving a regulatory role that is more specialized for maladaptive hypertrophy and heart failure.
Hybrid device brings non-invasive assessment of coronary arteries a step closer
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Lester Crawford, former commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration, was last week fined $89 377 (£45 800; €67 000), sentenced to three years of supervised probation, and required to do 50 hours of community service by Judge Deborah Robinson of the US District Court for the District of Columbia.Last October Dr Crawford (below) pleaded (below) pleaded pleaded guilty to two charges: failing to report that he and his wife owned shares in companies regulated by the agency and filing false
Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Presenting in an Adult
Authors: Catherine E. Otten, Claire J. Creutzfeldt
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

A 55-year-oldmanwas slowly recovering from a flulike illness but stoppedrespondingtohis family’s telephonecalls.Paramedics found him confused and naked in his home. On arrival at the local hospital, he was aphasic and noncooperative. He declined neurologically over the following week. He had 2 seizures, required intubation, andwas transferred to our intensive care unit. His physical examinationwas notable for coma, extensor posturing, and diffuse hyperreflexia. Moderate pleocytosiswas found in his cerebrospinal fluidwith 50 white blood cells, all lymphocytes. Few oligoclonal bands were present. Test results for viral and bacterial infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, were negative. Brainmagnetic resonance imaging demonstrated numerous T2 hyperintense and ringenhancing lesionswithoutdiffusionrestriction(Figure).Lesionswere extensivebutpredominantly restricted to thewhitematterwith limited brainstem involvement. A brain biopsy demonstrated an inflammatory infiltrate with a perivenularpattern.Lossofmyelinwasevidentbutnerveaxonswere preserved.Overall, thepatient’s history, imaging, andpathology results were consistent with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Hewas treatedwith intravenousmethylprednisolone followed by intravenous immunoglobulins. Hisneurologic status recoveredgradually. Twomonths later, he waswalkingwith assistance and jokingwith hospital staff.Within 5 months, he was performing daily tasks independently while living at homewith his family. Follow-up imaging revealed no further evidence of active demyelination.
High frequency of GATA2 mutations in patients with mild chronic neutropenia evolving to MonoMac syndrome, myelodysplasia, and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Marlène Pasquet, Christine Bellanné-Chantelot, Suzanne Tavitian, Naïs Prade, Blandine Beaupain, Olivier LaRochelle, Arnaud Petit, Pierre Rohrlich, Christophe Ferrand, Eric Van Den Neste, Hélène A. Poirel, Thierry Lamy, Marie Ouachée-Chardin, Véronique Mansat-De Mas, Jill Corre, Christian Récher, Geneviève Plat, Françoise Bachelerie, Jean Donadieu, Eric Delabesse
Journal: Blood (2012)
"Schools and hospitals" for "education and health"
Authors: D. Haslam
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The phrase “schools and hospitals” is repeated almost every week. Whether it is in a speech to the Labour party conference, or this week in a speech to the party faithful in north London, the British prime minister's shorthand phrase for “education and health” is always “schools and hospitals.” Perhaps this isn't entirely surprising. After all, about 80% of any healthcare budget goes into secondary care, and the potential for dramatic glory as well as disaster is often concentrated within hospitals.

However, secondary care is not the health service. Far from it. In the United Kingdom about 90% of the work of the health service is carried out in primary care. In one recent year 268 million consultations with general practitioners were made,w1 and satisfaction rates with general practitioners are high—91% according to a survey organised by the Cabinet Office.w2 Despite the complexity, importance, and emotional context of consultations with general practitioners, only one formal complaint is made for every 70 000 consultations.w3

This undervaluing of primary care is puzzling. In the 10 years from 1991 to 2001 the number of hospital doctors in the …
Reporting of Power and Sample Size in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: George G. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent series on peer review, Mr Moher and colleagues<sup>1</sup>emphasize the importance of calculating power estimates to assist in the interpretation of randomized clinical trials that have negative results. The underlying point, of course, is that authors should provide estimates of how large a beneficial effect can be ruled out. An alternate approach to this issue, which many epidemiologists believe is more useful, is to provide confidence intervals (CIs) on the estimate of effect. Confidence intervals take into account the data that were actually collected in the study, whereas power calculations, which can be carried out before any data are gathered, do not. A result that is in the expected direction, but just misses statistical significance, carries quite a different message from one that is in the direction opposite to that hypothesized. This difference is easily appreciated from CIs, but is not considered when
Early Detection of X-ray CT Negative Recurrent Lung Cancer With Tl-201 SPECT
Authors: SEIGO KINUYA, SHIRO TAKAHASHI, TSUYOSHI TAKANAKA, AKIO YOKOGAWA, SATORU TUBOTA, YOUHEI TOUFUKU, NORIHISA TONAMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Recurrent lung cancer was detected by Tl-201 SPECT showing mediastinal and hilar accumulations when the x-ray CT showed recurrence. Recurrence was confirmed by x-ray CT 3 months later. The use of Tl-201 SPECT as a complementary modality to other radiological studies for the postoperative assessment of lung cancer should be encouraged.
Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease.
Authors: C. F. Wooley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease.C. F. Wooley, M.D., V. Runco, M.D., H. S. Levin, M.D., W. E. Copeland, M.D., J. M. Ryan, M.D., F.A.C.P.C. F. Wooley, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, V. Runco, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. S. Levin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. E. Copeland, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. M. Ryan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-672_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIncreased recognition of congenital heart disease in the adult population has had many interesting consequences. One has been the realization that many women with congenital heart disease live through the child-bearing years and sustain multiple pregnancies without incident, often without recognition of the cardiac defect.One hundred-fourteen women with congenital heart disease, who had a total of 332 pregnancies, were studied. The diagnosis of the cardiac defects was based on catheterization data or surgical findings in 80%, and on substantial clinical evidence in the remainder.Thirty-two had atrial septal defects, 29 patent ductus, and 28 ventricular septal defects. The other... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 672-672KeywordsAdultsAtrial septal defectCatheterizationCongenital heart diseaseHeart diseasesPregnancyVentricular septal defects Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Baseline differential blood count and prognosis in CD20-positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in the prospective PTLD-1 trial
Authors: H Zimmermann, S Choquet, J Moore, G Salles, F Morschhauser, T Lamy, A Jaccard, H A Horst, M Leithäuser, U Dührsen, P Reinke, Y Lebranchu, R Neuhaus, H Lehmkuhl, C Tarella, P Schlattmann, H Riess, V Leblond, R U Trappe
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Blood Gas and Electrolyte Changes in Human Near-Drowning Victims
Authors: Jerome H. Modell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Twelve human near-drowning victims were treated, and their clinical courses were studied with particular attention given to electrolyte and blood gas changes. Ten of these patients made complete uneventful recoveries. The primary pathophysiological disturbance which necessitated emergency therapy was acute asphyxia with persistent arterial hypoxemia and acidosis. Initially the hypoxia appeared to be due to perfusion of nonventilated alveoli. Persistent arterial hypoxemia was present, however, even after a significant intrapulmonary shunt could no longer be demonstrated. The plan of management for each patient should be determined by individual laboratory and clinical studies.
Development of a routine newborn screening protocol for severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Mei W. Baker, William J. Grossman, Ronald H. Laessig, Gary L. Hoffman, Charles D. Brokopp, Daniel F. Kurtycz, Michael F. Cogley, Thomas J. Litsheim, Murray L. Katcher, John M. Routes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Involvement of 85-kd cytosolic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>and cyclooxygenase-2 in the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Tong Wu, Chang Han, John G. Lunz, George Michalopoulos, James H. Shelhamer, Jake A. Demetris
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) are the crucial rate-limiting enzymes in prostaglandin (PG) metabolism that show increased expression in a number of human cancers, including cholangiocarcinomas; and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines with COX-2 inhibitors can decrease proliferation. Cholangiocarcinomas also produce and proliferate in response to nonneoplastic biliary epithelial cell mitogens, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). This study was designed to determine whether there is any relationship between eicosanoid metabolism and growth stimulation by IL-6 and HGF, two important biliary epithelial cell and cholangiocarcinoma mitogens. Incubation of SG231, a well-characterized human cholangiocarcinoma cell line, with HGF, IL-6, PGE 2 , or PGF 2 α resulted in significantly increased cell growth. HGF and IL-6 also induced a rapid release of arachidonic acid (AA) from SG231 and increased the synthesis of PGE 2 and PGF 2 α. The cPLA 2 inhibitor arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP) and the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 significantly inhibited HGF- and IL-6-induced release of AA, PG synthesis, and proliferation in SG231 cells as well as two other human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, HuCCT1 and CC-LP-1 cells. Thus, PGs alone can induce cholangiocarcinoma growth, and the HGF- and IL-6-induced proliferation is mediated, at least in part, by PGs. HGF and IL-6 also induced a rapid phosphorylation of cPLA 2 (within 1 minute) but did not alter cPLA 2 and COX-2 protein expression. The HGF- and IL-6-induced cPLA 2 phosphorylation was blocked by the inhibitors of p38 and p42/44 MAP kinases, protein kinase C, calmodulin kinase, and tyrosine kinase, showing that HGF- and IL-6-induced AA release and PG production are mediated by phosphorylation of cPLA 2 . In conclusion, molecular pathways link classic biliary epithelial cell mitogens to PG metabolism constituents in cholangiocarcinoma growth, which may be exploited as potential therapeutic targets.
Comparison of patients with and without digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: detection of possible risk factors
Authors: C. Sunderkötter, I. Herrgott, C. Brückner, P. Moinzadeh, C. Pfeiffer, J. Gerß, N. Hunzelmann, M. Böhm, T. Krieg, U. Müller-Ladner, E. Genth, E. Schulze-Lohoff, M. Meurer, I. Melchers, G. Riemekasten
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Digital ulcers (DU) are a major complication in the course of systemic sclerosis (SSc). In recent years, efficacious, but expensive therapies (e.g. iloprost, sildenafil, bosentan) have been shown to improve healing or to reduce the recurrence of DU. For optimal management it would be useful to identify the risk factors for DU. Such statistical analyses have been rare because they require a high number of patients. Objectives To identify potential risk factors for DU in patients with SSc. Methods We used the registry of the German Network for Systemic Scleroderma and evaluated the data of 1881 patients included by August 2007. We assessed potential risk factors for DU by comparing patients with (24.1%) and without active DU at time of entry (75.9%). Results Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), involvement of the oesophagus, diffuse skin sclerosis (only when PAH was present), anti-Scl70 antibodies, young age at onset of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) significantly impacted on the appearance of DU. Certain combinations increased the patients' probability of presenting with DU, with the highest probability (88%) for male patients with early onset of RP, ESR > 30 mm h−1, anti-Scl70 antibodies and PAH. Patients with DU developed RP, skin sclerosis and organ involvement approximately 2–3 years earlier than patients without DU. Conclusions The results reveal possible risk factors for the occurrence of DU in SSc. As DU are prone to local complications, prophylactic vasoactive treatment for patients presenting with these factors may be justified.
Protein adduct biomarkers: state of the art.
Authors: M J Meyer, W E Bechtold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Covalent protein adducts formed after exposure to xenobiotics may provide readily measurable indicators of these exposures. After adequate characterization of the dose-dependent formation of a specific adduct, the adduct can often be used as a quantitative marker for exposure, DNA adduct formation, or, possibly, risk of disease. By elucidating the structure of an adduct and studying the conditions under which it forms, information about the reactions that lead to its formation can be obtained. Continuing work in this area includes methods to expand the number, types, and levels of chemical exposures that can be studied by covalent adduct formation. In addition to the use of this technology in the field of occupational health, basic research in this area provides insights into metabolic pathways and biochemistry, as well.
Proximal Tibial Fracture With Vascular Damage
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Aufranc: This is the second in our current series of tibial-shaft fractures. These fractures have been specifically chosen because of their severity and because of associated soft-tissue and bone injuries. In today's case we will concentrate our discussion on the tibial fracture and the adjacent vascular injury. However, we cannot ignore the fact that patients such as this one may have associated injuries which are more life-threatening than their extremity fracture. Dr. Richard G. McCollum: A 70-year-old man was struck by an automobile while crossing a street in a northern suburb of Boston. At the time of his arrival at the Massachusetts General Hospital emergency ward, approximately 40 minutes following his injury, he was confused and disoriented. Blood pressure was 110/50 mm Hg, but the patient was cold and clammy, with a tachycardia of 120 beats per minute. He had an obvious fracture of the proximal left tibia and
Artifact of I-131 Whole-Body Scan With Thoracic Vertebral Uptake in a Patient With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: URIEL S. BARZEL, K. J. CHUN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A false-positive whole-body scan for thoracic vertebral uptake in a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma with esophageal retention, mimicking thoracic vertebral involvement, is presented. Most patients undergoing I-131 whole-body scan are in a state of severe hypothyroidism(for maximum TSH stimulation during the diagnostic imaging procedure). This may result in slow esophageal motility, which, with increased salivary gland I-131 uptake and secretion, can create an artifact that may be misinterpreted as metastatic lesion(s). This potential pitfall can be eliminated with repeated imaging after the ingestion of water and food.
Medical Mystery: The Answer
Authors: Arjen F. Nikkels, Gérald E. Piérard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The medical mystery in the April 5 issue1 involved an 82-year-old woman with alkaptonuric ochronosis. Alkaptonuria is a rare inherited deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase, leading to the accumulation of homogentisic acid in various tissues. Ochronosis refers to the characteristic cutaneous and cartilaginous blue-black deposits. This patient had no particular medical history other than a unilateral hip replacement. The diagnosis of alkaptonuric ochronosis was only established when the patient was 82 years old, at which time she was referred to a dermatologist. The main features of the disorder are cervical arthropathy with intervertebral calcification (Figure 1A), kyphosis, and ankylosis; yellow-brown . . .
Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β–Mediated Immunosuppression in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes Augments Antitumor Responses by Various Immunologic Cell Types
Authors: Takuya Fujita, Koji Teramoto, Yoshitomo Ozaki, Jun Hanaoka, Noriaki Tezuka, Yasushi Itoh, Tohru Asai, Shozo Fujino, Keiichi Kontani, Kazumasa Ogasawara
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Tumor-draining lymph nodes (DLN) are the most important priming sites for generation of antitumor immune responses. They are also the location where an immunosuppressive cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), plays a critical role in suppressing these antitumor immune responses. We focused on TGF-beta-mediated immunosuppression in DLNs and examined whether local inhibition of TGF-beta augmented antitumor immune responses systemically in tumor-bearing mice models. For inhibition of TGF-beta-mediated immunosuppression in DLNs, C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously bearing E.G7 tumors were administered plasmid DNA encoding the extracellular domain of TGF-beta type II receptor fused to the human IgG heavy chain (TGFR DNA) i.m. near the established tumor. In DLNs, inhibition of TGF-beta suppressed the proliferation of regulatory T cells and increased the number of tumor antigen-specific CD4(+) or CD8(+) cells producing IFN-gamma. Enhancement of antitumor immune responses in DLNs were associated with augmented tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic and natural killer activity in spleen as well as elevated levels of tumor-specific antibody in sera. The growth of the established metastatic as well as primary tumors was effectively suppressed via augmented antitumor immune responses. Inhibition of TGF-beta-mediated immunosuppression in DLNs is significantly associated with augmented antitumor responses by various immunocompetent cell types. This animal model provides a novel rationale for molecular cancer therapeutics targeting TGF-beta.
Development and simultaneous application of multiple care protocols in critical care: a multicenter feasibility study
Authors: Jukka Takala, R. Philip Dellinger, Kati Koskinen, Arthur St. Andre, Martyn Read, Mitchell Levy, Stephan M. Jakob, Patricia Veiga C. Mello, Raymond Friolet, Esko Ruokonen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
DIRECT ILIAC ARTERY PUNCTURE DURING ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES: ARE CONDUITS REALLY NECESSARY?
Authors: Keith Allen, A. Michael Borkon, Mark Gerdisch, Sanjeev Aggarwall, Steven Laster, David Cohen, Adnan Chhatriwalla, James Grantham, J. Russell Davis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)