tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4932: Exploration of EMT-related microRNAs using function-based screening with expression analysis of E-cadherin in Panc1 line
Authors: Yosuke Harazono, Ken-ichi Kozaki, Tomoki Muramatsu, Yasuhiro Kurasawa, Narikazu Uzawa, Teruo Amagasa, Johji Inazawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been demonstrated to contribute to malignant transformation during cancer progression. To perform the function-based screening of EMT-related microRNAs (miRNAs), we first generated an in vitro model using a pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1, in which a transcriptional reporter construct containing E-cadherin promoter region and a reporter gene, GFP, was transfected. After the selection of independent clones by the limiting dilution and the examination of GFP-upregulation in response to overexpression of ectopic miR-200b/a, we successfully established a stable transfectant clone, Panc1-EPG8. Then, we performed function-based screening with expression analysis of GFP in Panc1-EPG8 cells 4 days after ectopic transfection of 470 synthetic miRNAs. We further reexamined the expression level of E-cadherin after ectopic transfection with selected candidate miRNAs in Panc1-EPG8 cells by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, resulting in the identification of a novel miRNA as a candidate EMT-related miRNA. Our findings strongly suggest that this miRNA may play a crucial role during EMT in cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4932. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4932
FATE OF BILIRUBIN IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: M. S. Sackey, C. G. Johnston, I. S. Ravdin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

Since there was no loss of bilirubin from the jejunal loop, and no loss of bilirubin when pigment was incubated with juice from the loop segment, or juice from the entire small intestine, it may be concluded that the intestinal juice per se has no effect in converting bilirubin to urobilin in a 2 hour period, and that in the jejunal loop there was no absorption of pigment or no conversion to urobilin. The experiments showing loss of pigment in the entire intestinal tract suggest that in some place other than the jejunal portion of the intestine the combined activity of intestinal contents and intestinal cells does affect the bilirubin in the intestine. Whether the loss of bile pigment under such circumstances is due entirely to conversion, or to conversion and absorption, or to absorption of bilirubin as such, remains to be answered by subsequent investigations.
Bizarre Clinical Findings-Reply
Authors: George A. Schumacher
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  There was no intent on my part to imply that hyperparathyroidism might be at the basis of the patient's symptoms. My reason for not including the disorder was the absence of the usual clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. You will note that my answer makes reference to equivocal laboratory results. Though I was aware of the slight rise in serum calcium (12 mg.%), I could not interpret the significance of this slight change in view of the normal serum inorganic phosphate level (3.7 mg.%). Dr. Hunter may be correct in not dismissing this so readily, since a high phosphorus intake or renal impairment, factors which we do not know about in this patient, conceivably could mask a hypophosphatemia. None of the patient's symptoms resemble those of hyperparathyroidism. Indeed, the muscle tightness complained of is opposite to the usual muscle flaccidity and weakness. As I stated in my
The Relationship of Postoperative Delirium With Psychoactive Medications
Authors: Edward R. Marcantonio
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To examine the role of medications with known psychoactive properties in the development of postoperative delirium.Nested case-control study within a prospective cohort study.General surgery, orthopedic surgery, and gynecology services at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.Cases (n = 91) were patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study who developed delirium during postoperative days 2 through 5. One or two controls (n = 154) were matched to each case by the calculated preoperative risk for delirium using a predictive model developed and validated in the prospective cohort study.Medication exposures were ascertained from the medical record by a reviewer blinded to the study hypothesis. Exposures to narcotics, benzodiazepines, and anticholinergics were recorded for the 24-hour period before delirium developed in the 91 cases and for the same 24-hour postoperative period for the 154 matched controls.Delirium was significantly associated with postoperative exposure to meperidine (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 5.5) and to benzodiazepines (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.8). Meperidine had similar associations with delirium whether administered via epidural or patient-controlled routes, although only the epidural route reached significance (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.4; OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.4 to 10.7, respectively). For benzodiazepines, long-acting agents had a trend toward stronger association with delirium than did short-acting agents (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 29.2; vs 2.6; 1.1 to 6.5), and high-dose exposures had a trend toward slightly stronger association than low-dose exposures (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 11.0; vs 2.6; 0.8 to 9.1). Neither narcotics (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.5 to 4.3) nor anticholinergic drugs (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.6 to 3.4) were significantly associated with delirium as a class, although statistical power was limited because of the high use of narcotics and the low use of anticholinergics in the study population.Clinicians caring for patients at risk for delirium should carefully evaluate the need for meperidine and benzodiazepines in the postoperative period and consider alternative therapies whenever possible.
The Calculus of National Medical Research Policy — The United States versus Asia
Authors: Gordon H. Sun, Jeffrey D. Steinberg, Reshma Jagsi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Cuts to U.S.-government-funded research will adversely affect the health care system and the economy and may irreversibly compromise the work of many U.S. laboratories. Meanwhile, forward-looking medical research policies in five Asian countries are filling the void.
Impact of steatosis on progression of fibrosis in patients with mild hepatitis C
Authors: Laetitia Fartoux, Olivier Chazouillères, Dominique Wendum, Raoul Poupon, Lawrence Serfaty
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

In patients with mild hepatitis C, the usefulness of antiviral therapy is subject of debate, as a low risk for progression of fibrosis is assumed. Several studies have shown that steatosis is a strong and independent predictor of the severity as well as the progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of steatosis on the progression of fibrosis between paired liver biopsies in untreated patients with mild hepatitis on index biopsy. One hundred thirty-five untreated patients (mean age, 38 years; M/F sex ratio, 1.43) with one known risk factor of infection (68 transfusions, 67 injecting drug use) had 2 liver biopsies after a median interval of 61 months (18-158). All had METAVIR score of A1F1 or lower at first liver biopsy. Unequivocal progression of fibrosis was considered if patients had a fibrosis score of 3 or 4 at the second liver biopsy. The probability of progression of fibrosis was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. During follow-up, progression of fibrosis occurred in 21 patients (16%) after a median delay of 65 months. Cumulative probabilities of the progression of fibrosis at 4 and 6 years were 5.2% and 19.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, steatosis was the only independent factor predictive of progression of fibrosis (RR, 4.8; CI, 1.3-18.3). Probability of progression of fibrosis was significantly related to the percentage of hepatocytes with steatosis . In conclusion, steatosis is a major determinant of the progression of fibrosis in mild hepatitis C, regardless of the genotype. Our results argue for antiviral treatment in the subgroup of patients with mild hepatitis and steatosis. (Hepatology 2005;41:82–87.)
The Rubber Nipple on the Infant's Bottle.
Authors: Ernest C. Helm
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Beloit, Wis., Jan. 30, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your Editorial in today'sJournalon "Sanitary Trivialities" as a commendation of Dr. Ernest Wende of Buffalo for securing an ordinance prohibiting the use of rubber tubes on nursing bottles. At the last meeting of the Wisconsin State Medical Society I called attention to this crime (as it really is a crime), as follows: "The first thing a new father does when he finds the mother has no milk, is to go to the drug store for a nursing bottle. For some unknown reason the druggist is nearly always sure to give him one of these abominations, with a tube six inches long and a brush with which to wipe it out. I have often wished the druggists and manufacturers could take their food for life through such tubes. Somebody spoke about sterilizing bottles; but you can not sterilize these tubes,
Bernard Wallis Hunt
Authors: D. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Twyford, Hampshire (b Kingswood, Surrey, 1913; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1936), d 4 August 2002. 

During the second world war Bernard served as a surgeon lieutenant-commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, ending up as principal medical officer of a Royal Navy auxiliary hospital at La Maddalena in Sicily. After the war, he entered general practice, settling in Twyford, Hampshire. He lived through the revolution in general practice, which took him from doing everything including giving anaesthetics and delivering babies in the home to the highly technical medicine of today. After retirement he moved to Wiltshire, living deep in the countryside. He was an instinctive naturalist. Predeceased by his first wife, Doy, he leaves his second wife, Lisette; and four sons.
Three quarters of one French prison population needed immunisation against hepatitis B
Authors: M. Rotily, C. Vernay-Vaisse, M. Bourliere
Journal: BMJ (1997)

See pp 18, 21, 30, 65

Editor—From March to December 1995, 411 prisoners sent to Marseilles prison were invited to participate in a programme of vaccination against hepatitis B. A face to face questionnaire was administered by a doctor. In agreement with a previous study,1 injecting and sexual risk behaviours during the past 12 months were reported frequently by the 391 prisoners (95%) who participated in the study: 164 reported having had more than one sexual partner, 40/308 reported having had at least …
Cervical Cancer Screening: From the Papanicolaou Smear to the Vaccine Era
Authors: Christopher P. Crum, Derek W. Abbott, Bradley J. Quade
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

In the next 20 years, cervical cancer screening will have evolved through four phases. The first was traditional screening, which has been associated with a two-thirds reduction in cancer incidence and death rates in the last 50 years and currently is ending. We are entering a second phase, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, for managing cytologic abnormalities and possibly for primary screening. A third phase, new in development, proposes the use of host biomarkers (or combinations thereof) as either surrogates of HPV infection or, potentially, indicators to assess cancer risk and concentrate available resources on a subset of women. The fourth and, likely, final phase will be screening in an era of vaccines. If HPV vaccines are successful, the pool of at-risk individuals and the prevalence of papillomaviruses that place them at risk will gradually shrink. In this climate, screening strategies that target HPVs alone (as opposed to cytologic testing) may become more economical. If so, previous strategies may become obsolete as the balance of cervical cancer prevention shifts from traditional screening to primary prevention coupled with HPV testing.
Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Adults and Children
Authors: Ross A. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Dr Lillian Fuller and colleagues have undertaken to write a comprehensive and current text on malignant lymphoma in adults and children from the perspective of their extensive experience with these complex diseases at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. They have produced a volume that, in 22 chapters and nearly 500 pages, reviews and summarizes a formidable list of current issues and research topics related to both clinical management and laboratory investigation of these diseases. The book is presented in three sections. The first is devoted to the pathology, immunobiology, immunology, immunopathology, and cell biology of malignant lymphoma and also to staging procedures and diagnostic evaluation. I found all of these chapters to be excellent "state-of-the-art" reviews of their topics that were nicely augmented by a fine array of tables, photomicrographs, and reproductions of computed tomographic scans. The second and third sections are, respectively, devoted to the
Treatment of Scabies
Authors: K. Mellanby, C. G. Johnson, W. C. Bartley
Journal: BMJ (1942)

A great deal of confusion exists concerning the best methods of treating scabies.*Every method has its advo- cates or detractors.Much of this confusion is caused by inaccuracies in diagnosis of infection and inaccuracies in assessment of cures.At the present time the disease is in the public eye, and many irritating skin conditions un- connected with Sarcoptes are apt to be diagnosed and treated as scabies, though, on the other hand, mild cases are often overlooked.Scabies can only be diagnosed with certainty when the mite Sarcoptes scabiei can be demon- strated or, at least, an unmistakable burrow seen.Another difficulty arises in assessment of cure.Many treated cases still show signs of extensive secondary impetigo or eczema even though the primary scabies has been cured.In such cases mild applications may cure the secondary complica- tions and thus get the credit of curing scabies, which they are quite incapable of doing.
Seasonal variation in serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations in elderly South African patients with fractures of femoral neck.
Authors: J M Pettifor, F P Ross, L Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1978)

a year earlier had settled and an oral contraceptive had been prescribed (ethinyloestradiol 50 l&g and norethisterone acetate 1 mg).Blood pressure was 240/150 mm Hg; there was a haemorrhage in the right fundus; and a trace of proteinuria.Serum creatinine was 80 ,umol/l (0-9 mg 100 ml).An intravenous urogram and isotope renogram showed delayed excretion on the left side.The left kidney was 12-5 cm long and the right 13-5 cm long.Renal arteriography (see figure) showed narrowing at the trifurcation of the left renal artery and a normal right renal artery.Renal vein plasma renin activity was 628 pmol/l/min (805 ng/l/min) on the left and 452 pmol/l/min (579ng/l/min)ontherightduringrecumbency,risingto9O8and494pmol/l/min respectively (l164 and 633 ng/l/min) on tilting the head up.Ex-situ repair of the vessel followed by autotransplantation was planned., t -~~.f . . . . . .
A prospective evaluation of computerized tomographic (CT) scanning as a screening modality for esophageal varices
Authors: Roman E. Perri, Michael V. Chiorean, Jeff L. Fidler, Joel G. Fletcher, Jayant A. Talwalkar, Linda Stadheim, Nilay D. Shah, Patrick S. Kamath
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Patients with cirrhosis require endoscopic screening for large esophageal varices. The aims of this study were to determine the cost-effectiveness and patient preferences of a strategy employing abdominal computerized tomography (CT) as the initial screening test for identifying large esophageal varices. In a prospective evaluation,102 patients underwent both CT and endoscopic screening for gastroesophageal varices. Two radiologists read each CT independently; standard upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was the reference standard. Agreement between radiologists, and between endoscopists regarding size of varices was determined using kappa statistic. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to determine the optimal screening strategy for varices. Patient preference was assessed by questionnaire. CT was found to have approximately 90% sensitivity in the identification of esophageal varices determined to be large on endoscopy, but only about 50% specificity. The sensitivity of CT in detecting gastric varices was 87%. In addition, a significant number of gastric varices, peri-esophageal varices, and extraluminal pathology were identified by CT that were not identified by endoscopy. Patients overwhelmingly preferred CT over endoscopy. Agreement between radiologists was good regarding the size of varices (Kappa = 0.56), and exceeded agreement between endoscopists (Kappa = 0.36). Use of CT as the initial screening modality for the detection of varices was significantly more cost-effective compared to endoscopy irrespective of the prevalence of large varices. Conclusion: Abdominal CT as the initial screening test for varices could be cost-effective. CT also permits evaluation of extra-luminal pathology that impacts management.
Carcinogenicity of Lipid-Lowering Drugs-Reply
Authors: Thomas B. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Cattley emphasizes the sensitivity of rodents to peroxisomal proliferation as the cause of their susceptibility to fibrate-induced liver cancer. This is only partly reassuring because mild peroxisomal proliferation does occur in humans and because the fibrates also cause Leydig cell tumors in rats. More important, clinical trials<sup>1</sup>suggest that fibrates may increase mortality in humans so rodent carcinogenicity has less marginal weight in clinical decisions involving fibrates than is the case for the statins. Peroxisomal proliferation is not a factor for the statins. We agree with Dr Illingsworth that the exposure of the liver to drugs taken orally exceeds that indicated by peripheral blood measurements. However, the FDA preference for basing equivalency on blood levels is appropriate for lung, thyroid, and testis tumors (each observed with at least 2 cholesterol-lowering drugs), and for malignant lymphomas (observed with pravastatin). We appreciate Dr Laws' letter and regret that
Regional myocardial volume perfused by the coronary artery branch: estimation in vivo.
Authors: Y Koiwa, R C Bahn, E L Ritman
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Seven closed-chest dogs were anesthetized with intramuscular Innovar and a N2O/O2 gas mixture. Maximal coronary vasodilation was induced by intra-aortic injection of nitroglycerin (200 micrograms/kg) and continuous infusion of adenosine (1 mg/kg/min) into the main pulmonary artery. Superselective coronary arteriograms were obtained at varying distances along the left circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries during scans using the dynamic spatial reconstructor rapid tomographic x-ray scanner. At end-diastole the images of the coronary arteries and opacified myocardium were analyzed for cross-sectional area (CSA) of the coronary artery lumen and regional myocardial volume (Vdsr) perfused by that coronary artery. Postmortem regional myocardial volume (Vpath) was related to the volume perfused by the same artery measured in vivo by the dynamic spatial reconstructor as follows: Vdsr = 4.56 + 0.93 Vpath (r = .98, p less than .001). In addition, the cross-sectional area of the coronary artery supplying a volume of myocardium was related to that volume as follows: Vdsr = - 1.95 + 6.34 CSAmax (r = .88, p less than .001). This suggests that a maximally dilated coronary artery luminal cross-sectional area is linearly related to the volume of muscle it perfuses. We speculate that this relationship may be useful in expressing the physiologic significance of coronary arterial narrowing.
Dietary cod-liver oil improves endothelium-dependent responses in hypercholesterolemic and atherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries.
Authors: H Shimokawa, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Circulation (1988)

This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with cod-liver oil on impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations in hypercholesterolemia and in atherosclerosis in porcine coronary arteries. Sixteen male Yorkshire pigs underwent balloon endothelium removal of the left coronary arteries and were fed a 2% high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks, with or without dietary supplementation of cod-liver oil (30 ml/day) (oil-fed and cholesterol-fed groups, respectively). This model allowed the simultaneous examination of the effects of dietary cod-liver oil on vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemia alone (right coronary artery) and in atherosclerosis (left coronary artery). After 10 weeks of feeding, the dietary treatment with cod-liver oil caused an increase in plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and a decrease in the plasma levels of arachidonic acid, whereas the treatment had no significant effect on the increases in plasma lipid levels induced by the high-cholesterol feeding. Morphometric analysis showed significant inhibition of coronary atherosclerosis by the treatment. Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro in ring preparations and in bioassay experiments. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to bradykinin, serotonin, and adenosine 5'-diphosphate were larger in both right and left coronary arteries from oil-fed than from cholesterol-fed animals. Aggregating platelets from cholesterol-fed and oil-fed pigs induced comparable, larger endothelium-dependent relaxations in rings from oil-fed than from cholesterol-fed pigs. The contractions induced by serotonin or aggregating platelets were significantly inhibited in rings with endothelium from oil-fed pigs, whereas they were comparable in rings without endothelium in both groups. Relaxations to sodium nitroprusside and contractions to potassium chloride or serotonin were comparable in rings without endothelium in both groups. The bioassay experiments revealed that the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in response to bradykinin and the relaxations of vascular smooth muscle to the endothelial factor were greater after the fish-oil diet. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of cod-liver oil delays the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations in hypercholesterolemia and in atherosclerosis, partly because of an improved release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and partly because of an improved relaxation of coronary smooth muscle to the factor.
Three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound architecture of the pulmonary venous wall: Implications for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: JoséA. Cabrera, Damián Sánchez-Quintana, Yen Ho, Fernando Cabestrero, Pedro P. Pérez, JoséM. Rubio, Felipe Navarro, Robert H. Anderson, Miguel Orejas, Jerónimo Farré
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)