tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Dicumarol Administration as a Therapeutic Trial in Sicklemia
Authors: Harvey T. Adelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE management of sicklemia to the present has been restricted to the transfusion of whole blood during the frequent crises of hemolytic anemia. No remedy has been found that will beneficially influence the underlying abnormality — namely, the production of sickle-type (S) hemoglobin in place of adult or normal (A) hemoglobin — or any of the well known secondary manifestations, such as intracapillary thrombosis, which results in cutaneous ulcerations in the pretibial regions, embolism, cranial hyperostosis and arthralgia. The prognosis so far as life is concerned is discouraging, the life expectancy being approximately forty years. In view of the fact . . .
Urinary Oxygen Pressure in Renal Parenchymal and Vascular Disease
Authors: Kurt O. Leonhardt
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Sarre,<sup>1</sup>in 1938, observed a consistently lower oxygen pressure (Po<sub>2</sub>) in the urine than in renal-vein blood. Twenty years later, this finding was confirmed by Reeves et al<sup>2</sup>who attributed the disparity to the cell-separation, plasma-skimming mechanism proposed by Pappenheimer and Kinter.<sup>3</sup>According to this concept, the urinary oxygen pressure (Puo<sub>2</sub>) is controlled by renal hemodynamic factors. The rapid blood flow through the long straight interlobular arteries results in a midstream concentration of red blood cells and a marginal sheath of low-hematocrit plasma. The afferent glomerular arterioles, which take off at right angles from the interlobular arteries, are fed from the periphery of the stream. Thus each tier of glomeruli, from the deep to the outer cortex, receives blood of increasingly higher hematocrit. The renal medulla, which derives its blood supply from the efferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary glomeruli (the vasa recta), therefore receives cell-poor,
Percutaneous Endoscopic Colostomy in a Patient with Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction and Massive Dilation of the Colon
Authors: H. Einwächter, P. Hellerhoff, B. Neu, C. Prinz, R. Schmid, A. Meining
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 53-year-old woman with a 17-year history of multiple sclerosis, presented with abdominal pain and bowel distension. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed massive dilation of the colon (Figure [1]). The patient had a long history of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, which so far had always resolved after colonoscopic decompression and placement of a colon tube. This time once again, after endoscopic evacuation of the trapped air, the patient’s situation improved rapidly. In the course of the hospital stay it became clear that decompression was needed every third day. Therefore, we aimed for a permanent solution, and we chose an endoscopic approach.
Abstract 5305: Phosphorylations of Serine-10 and Tyrosine-198 residues in the cytoplasmic mislocalized p27 are critical to migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Yiting Li, Ricardo J. Flores, John Hicks, Murali Chintagumpala, Ching C. Lau, Tsz Kwong Man
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children. Metastasis is the major cause of death among osteosarcoma patients even with the advent of chemotherapy. Therefore, it is an urgent need to identify the key determinants of metastasis in osteosarcoma, so that new and effective therapeutic approaches can be developed to combat this deadly subtype of osteosarcoma. Recent studies have shown that the tumor suppressor protein p27 promotes metastasis when it is mislocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in some solid tumors. However, the subcellular localization of the p27 protein in osteosarcoma and its role in metastasis are not known. In this study, we found that 82% human osteosarcoma cases harbored cytoplasmic staining of p27 using a tissue microarray. An immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the p27 protein was localized in the nuclei of three pairs of non-metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines, but mislocalized in the cytoplasm of their metastatic sublines. Overexpression of a stable fusion construct of nuclear exporting sequence and p27 in a non-metastatic osteosarcoma cell line significantly increased tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro, suggesting that cytoplasmic p27 can promote metastatic potential in osteosarcoma cells. Site-directed mutagenesis on key phosphorylation sites of cytoplasmic p27 indicated that a mutation on Serine-10 or Tyrosine-198 residue abolished the promoting effects of p27 on cell motility and invasiveness, while a mutation on Tyrosine-157 had no effect. This result suggests that phosphorylations of these two residues are essential for tumor cell migration and invasion. Since mTOR signaling has been implicated in metastatic osteosarcoma, we tested if rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, can affect the subcellular localization of p27. We found that exogenous addition of the drug reversed the protein trafficking of p27 from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of metastatic osteosarcoma cells, suggesting that p27 may be a yet undiscovered player in the mTOR signaling of metastatic osteosarcoma. In summary, our results indicate that a novel relationship between p27 mislocalization and the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, further characterizations of the role of cytoplasmic p27 and its phosphorylations may lead to the development of a new therapeutic approach for metastatic osteosarcoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5305. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5305
EARLY DIAGNOSIS IN CARCINOMA.
Authors: CHARLES A. POWERS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

So far as our present knowledge of cancer goes the nearest approach to its successful management rests on early diagnosis, prompt and thorough operative removal of the widest possible area and a careful and systematic surveillance of the patient during the rest of his life. It would be trite to dwell on the importance of the earliest possible recognition of malignant disease. All surgeons know at what a late day the great majority of cancer cases reach the specialist. The delay is due, 1, to non-perception on the part of the patient or to his fear of being given an unpleasant report, and, 2, to lack of recognition by the medical attendant or to his delay while awaiting the appearance of positive evidences. The first must be dealt with by the systematic instruction of the laity through suitable lectures of a popular nature, magazine articles and the like. It is
Occupational and Nonoccupational Injuries
Authors: Max Bader
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In "Fatal Occupational Injuries" (1982;248:692), Baker et al analyzed deaths related to work injuries during 1978 in Maryland. Of the 148 deaths, 25% involved road vehicles, 16% involved nonroad vehicles, 11% involved boats, and 5% involved aircraft. Firearms accounted for another 11% of injuries. A similar fatal injury pattern was seen in Oregon during 1980 and 1981, when there were 163 occupational fatalities. Here, deaths occurred as follows: 28.2%, traffic accidents; 4.3%, industrial vehicles; 7.4%, aircraft accidents; and 2.4%, homicides. It is surprising that fatal truck accidents are not more frequent. In Oregon, during 1980, about half of all trucks inspected by the State Police failed to pass routine safety inspections. Many of these vehicles lacked adequate brakes and posed a serious hazard to their drivers. They also represented a danger to the general public because of some of the hazardous cargos carried. This underscores the point
Plasma TSH and Serum T-4 Levels in Long-term Follow-up of Patients Treated with 131I for Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: A. D. Toft, W. J. Irvine, W. M. Hunter, J. Seth
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In February 1972 58% of patients euthyroid after iodine-131 therapy given for thyrotoxicosis between 1954 and 1966 had a high plasma TSH (>7.4 muU/ml) and 42% a normal plasma TSH level. A group of 69 of the euthyroid patients with high plasma TSH levels (25.0+/-2.0 muU/ml) in 1972 were re-examined 15 and 24 months later. The mean plasma TSH in the 66 patients remaining euthyroid at 15 months was 22.6+/-1.8 muU/ml, while three patients had become hypothyroid. At 24 months 64 of the patients were still available for study, of whom 61 remained euthyroid with a mean plasma TSH of 21.6+/-2.0 muU/ml, and a further three had become hypothyroid.All of a group of 61 of the euthyroid patients with normal plasma TSH levels (4.0+/-0.2 muU/ml) in 1972 remained euthyroid at 24 months with a mean plasma TSH of 4.1+/-0.3 muU/ml, though the plasma TSH level had become slightly raised in three.The mean serum T-4 level in the euthyroid patients with a high plasma TSH was significantly lower, though still in the normal range, than that in the euthyroid patients with a normal plasma TSH both in 1972 and in 1974.Since no patient with a normal plasma TSH level after iodine-131 treatment six to 18 years earlier for thyrotoxicosis developed hypothyroidism over a two-year period, the follow-up of such patients need not be so rigorous as that of similarly treated euthyroid patients with raised plasma TSH levels in whom hypothyroidism developed at the rate of 5% per year.
Hay-Fever Treatment by Dunbar's Remedies (Pollantin).
Authors: Leonard K. Hirshberg
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Baltimore, Aug. 5, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Permit me to endorse Dr. Ingals' report of results with pollantin, published inThe Journal, August 4, page 376. I summarized the literature and claims of hay-fever antitoxin in the<i>Maryland Medical Journal</i>, August, 1904. This article was misquoted and exploited in the lay press in favor of the serum. I wrote to Messrs. Fritche &amp; Bros. and told them that my actual experience with the powder was practically a failure and that at an early opportunity I should collect these cases and send them toThe Journal. Other matters more pressing have prevented me. When I saw Dr. Ingals' letter I hastily examined ten histories of those who had conscientiously tried pollantin. Eight were absolutely not improved, one claimed some benefit, and the other said he was free from attacks on some days and not on others.
Medium term effects of a new 5HT<sub>3</sub> antagonist, alosetron, in patients with carcinoid diarrhoea
Authors: S B Saslow, J S Scolapio, M Camilleri, L A Forstrom, G M Thomforde, D D Burton, J Rubin, H C Pitot, A R Zinsmeister
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Carcinoid diarrhoea is associated with rapid small bowel and proximal colonic transit. Intravenous administration of a serotonin type 3 receptor (5HT 3 ) antagonist restores postprandial colonic tone towards normal in carcinoid patients. Aims —To evaluate the medium term effects of an oral 5HT 3 antagonist, alosetron, on symptoms, stool fat, and transit in patients with carcinoid diarrhoea. Methods —In 27 patients with carcinoid diarrhoea, symptoms were recorded daily and gastrointestinal transit was measured by scintigraphy in a three dose (0.1, 0.5, 2.0 mg, twice daily), randomised (1:1:1), parallel group, four week study. Placebo was given during the first week. Loperamide (2 mg capsules) was used as rescue medication. Results —There were numerical improvements in median diarrhoea score, stool weight, loperamide use, and overall colonic transit at four hours, but no overall significant drug effect was shown. Alosetron reduced the proximal colon emptying rate (p&lt;0.05 in 20 evaluable comparisons), but did not significantly alter small bowel transit. Conclusions —Alosetron retardation of proximal colonic emptying in patients with carcinoid diarrhoea confirms the potential role of a 5HT 3 mechanism in this disorder. Doses of alosetron higher than 2.0 mg twice daily will be required for symptomatic benefit in carcinoid diarrhoea.
Coronary arteriolar myogenic response is independent of endothelium.
Authors: L Kuo, W M Chilian, M J Davis
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The purpose of this study was to investigate if myogenic responses of isolated coronary arterioles were dependent on an intact, functional endothelium. Arterioles were located in situ by intracoronary perfusion with india ink-gelatin solution and then dissected and cannulated at both ends with glass micropipettes. Intraluminal pressure was initially set at 60 cm H2O; then the pressure was altered in steps of 20 cm H2O over a range of 20-140 cm H2O. Arterioles developed spontaneous tone and exhibited a significant myogenic response in physiological saline solution (36 degrees -37 degrees C). Arteriolar dilation and constriction were observed at lower (20-60 cm H2O) and higher (60-140 cm H2O) pressures, respectively. The presence of a functional and automatically intact endothelium was confirmed by relaxation to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator bradykinin and by transmission electron microscopy, respectively. After mechanical denudation of the endothelium with a specially designed abrasive micropipette, spontaneous tone and myogenic responses were preserved. Denudation of the endothelium was verified functionally (no response to bradykinin) and with transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the mechanical denudation technique did not deleteriously affect smooth muscle because vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses to nonendothelial-dependent drugs were the same before and after denudation. In summary, the present study demonstrates that pressure-dependent responses occur in isolated coronary arterioles and that this response is not dependent on the endothelium. Therefore, pressure-induced changes in coronary arteriolar tone are a true myogenic response in that they originate from smooth muscle.
Estrogens and experimental atherosclerosis in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus).
Authors: H C McGill, L R Axelrod, C A McMahan, H S Wigodsky, G E Mott
Journal: Circulation (1977)

One hundred twenty-six adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) were hysterectomized and all except 18 were ovariectomized. The animals were fed a moderately atherogenic diet (40% calories form hydrogenated vegetable oil, 1.5 gm cholesterol/kcal) for two years. Ovariectomized-hysterectomized animals received estrone sulfate, ethynyl estradiol, or diethylstilbestrol orally in daily doses similar to those given humans. An ovariectomized-hysterectomized group and a hysterectomized group received no drug. The average total serum cholesterol concentration rose from 136 mg/dl to 223 mg/dl and declined to 186 mg/dl. Concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid in whole serum, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins showed no consistent statistically significant differences among the groups. Triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations were higher in the estrogen-treated and intact-ovary groups than in the ovariectomized nonestrogen treated group, but not all pairwise comparisons were statistically significant. There were no consistent statistically significant differences in atherosclerotic lesions among the groups. Neither ovariectomy nor estrogen replacement influence diet-induced experimental atherosclerosis in the baboon within two years.
Reduced Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Mass and Abnormal Reflex Physiology in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Massimo F. Piepoli, Agnieszka Kaczmarek, Darrel P. Francis, L. Ceri Davies, Mathias Rauchhaus, Ewa A. Jankowska, Stefan D. Anker, Alessandro Capucci, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— The muscle hypothesis implicates abnormalities in peripheral muscle as a source for the stimulus to the symptoms and reflex abnormalities seen in chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated the relationship between skeletal muscle mass (with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and activation of the ergoreflex (a peripheral reflex originating in skeletal muscle sensitive to products of muscle work) in CHF patients and whether this rapport is affected by the progression of the syndrome. Methods and Results— We assessed 107 consecutive CHF patients (mean age, 61.9±10.9 years; 95% male; 25 cachectics) and 24 age-matched normal subjects (mean age, 59.0±11.1 years; 91% male). Compared with normal subjects, patients had a higher ergoreflex (in ventilation, 6.2±.6.1 versus 0.6±0.6 L/min; P &lt;0.0001) and a reduction in muscle mass (51.9±10.0 versus 60.3±8.8 kg; P &lt;0.001). The ergoreflex was particularly overactive in cachectics ( P &lt;0.05), accompanied by marked muscle mass depletion ( P &lt;0.0005). In CHF, ergoreceptor hyperresponsiveness in both the arm and leg correlated with reduced muscle mass, abnormal indexes of exercise tolerance (peak V̇ o 2 , V̇ e /V̇ co 2 slope), ejection fraction, and NYHA functional class ( P &lt;0.0001). In the cachectic population, the ventilatory response from ergoreflex to arm exercise was strongly inversely correlated with arm ( r =−0.65), leg ( r =−0.64), and total ( r =−0.61) lean tissues ( P &lt;0.001 for all). Multivariate analysis showed that these relationships were independent of NYHA class, peak V̇ o 2 , and V̇ e /V̇ co 2 slope. Conclusions— Depleted peripheral muscle mass is associated with ergoreflex overactivity and exercise limitation in CHF, particularly in cachectic patients. The systemic activation of the muscle reflex system in CHF may reflect progression and deterioration of the clinical syndrome.
Prenatal Cerebral Ischemia Disrupts MRI-Defined Cortical Microstructure Through Disturbances in Neuronal Arborization
Authors: Justin M. Dean, Evelyn McClendon, Kelly Hansen, Aryan Azimi-Zonooz, Kevin Chen, Art Riddle, Xi Gong, Elica Sharifnia, Matthew Hagen, Tahir Ahmad, Lindsey A. Leigland, A. Roger Hohimer, Christopher D. Kroenke, Stephen A. Back
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Preterm ischemia disrupts MRI-defined maturation of the cerebral cortex by impairing the differentiation of cortical neurons in fetal lambs.
ADOPTION AND PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
Authors: NATHAN M. SIMON, AUDREY G. SENTURIA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

In 1371 consecutive admissions to the Department of Psychiatry of the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis over a three-year period, 35 EFA (extrafamilial adoptees) and six IFA (intrafamilial adoptees) were identified. The 35 EFA accounted for an incidence rate of 2.6 percent, which was about 2.5 times greater than the rate in the population served by this facility. This difference is statistically significant. When incidence is calculated by age groups, high rates are found in the child group (5.4 percent) and in the adolescent group (5.6 percent) and a low rate in the adult group (0.7 percent). The incidence rates of EFA in the child and adolescent age groups of patients seen in this facility were four to five and one-half times greater than the base rates in the communities from which the sample is drawn. The average age at adoption for our 35 EFA was 10.6 months, which is significantly higher than the average of 1.8 months for the state of Missouri. The EFA presented with a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders, but personality disorders and transient situational personality disorders made up 60 percent of the diagnoses. The findings as related to the psychodynamics of adoptees are discussed. Theoretical implications are considered and our data compared to other studies of psychiatric illness in EFA.
Influence of Renal Function on the Effects of Early Revascularization in Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karolina Szummer, Pia Lundman, Stefan H. Jacobson, Staffan Schön, Johan Lindbäck, Ulf Stenestrand, Lars Wallentin, Tomas Jernberg
Journal: Circulation (2009)

It is unknown whether patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction derive a similar benefit from an early invasive therapy at different levels of renal function.A total of 23 262 consecutive non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients <or=80 years old were included in a nationwide coronary care unit register between 2003 and 2006. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study formula. Patients were divided into medically or invasively treated groups if revascularized within 14 days of admission. A propensity score for the likelihood of invasive therapy was calculated. A Cox regression model with adjustment for propensity score and discharge medication was used to assess the association between early revascularization and 1-year mortality across renal function stages. There was a gradient, with significantly fewer patients treated invasively with declining renal function: eGFR >or=90 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2), 62%; eGFR 60 to 89 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2), 55%; eGFR 30 to 59 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2), 36%; eGFR 15 to 29 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2), 14%; and eGFR <15 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2)/dialysis, 15% (P<0.001). After adjustment, the overall 1-year mortality was 36% lower (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.73, P<0.001) with an invasive strategy. The magnitude of survival difference was similar in normal-to-moderate renal function groups. The lower mortality observed with invasive therapy declined with lower renal function, with no difference in mortality in patients with kidney failure (eGFR <15 mL . min(-1) . 1.73 m(-2)) or in those receiving dialysis (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 3.09, P=0.15).Early invasive therapy is associated with greater 1-year survival in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency, but the benefit declines with lower renal function, and is less certain in those with renal failure or on dialysis.
Diazepam and Tests of Thyroid Function
Authors: F. Clark, R. Hall, B. J. Ormston
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The effect of diazepam on thyroid function tests was examined in 12 euthyroid patients requiring the drug for psychiatric reasons and in six patients with thyrotoxicosis. Assessment was made before and after four weeks' therapy.There was no significant difference in results from tests of thyroid iodide trapping and binding (thyroid radioiodine uptake, thyroid clearance, and absolute iodine uptake) except in the one-hour thyroid uptake in the euthyroid group, which was increased after diazepam. This increase occurred without alteration in serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels. No change occurred in either group in tests of thyroid hormone release (protein-bound iodine, T-3 resin uptake, or Thyopac-3 and free thyroxine index).Patients with suspected thyroid disease who are taking diazepam do not need to stop therapy while their thyroid status is being determined.
An Explanation of Asymmetric Upper Extremity Blood Pressures in Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: JAMES W. FRENCH, WARREN G. GUNTHEROTH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The Coanda effect, the tendency of a jet stream to adhere to a wall, was investigated as an explanation of the unequal pressures in the upper extremities in patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). Of 56 patients with SVAS reviewed, 48 had unequal blood pressures in the upper extremities. The average difference was 18 mm Hg systolic. Although 11 of the 20 patients in the control group (valvular aortic stenosis) had some blood pressure asymmetry, the average difference was 3.5 mm Hg systolic. In valvular aortic stenosis, the velocity of the jet is quickly dissipated beyond the stenotic orifice, preventing any sustained high-velocity stream. However, the smooth, annular narrowing of SVAS creates a "step" between the orifice and the ascending aortic wall which enhances the natural affinity of a jet for a boundary wall and conserves the kinetic energy of the jet stream. In most patients with SVAS, the high-velocity stream is along the right aortic wall, causing disproportionately high pressure in the right arm.