tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and biologic significance of DNMT3B expression in older patients with cytogenetically normal primary acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: C Niederwieser, J Kohlschmidt, S Volinia, S P Whitman, K H Metzeler, A-K Eisfeld, K Maharry, P Yan, D Frankhouser, H Becker, S Schwind, A J Carroll, D Nicolet, J H Mendler, J P Curfman, Y-Z Wu, M R Baer, B L Powell, J E Kolitz, J O Moore, T H Carter, R Bundschuh, R A Larson, R M Stone, K Mrózek, G Marcucci, C D Bloomfield
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Effective Management of Health
Authors: R. M. Rosser
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Maliciously minded persons might suspect that the orthopaedic consultant, by remain- ing "in charge" and having four experts to do the work for him, was motivated by the pecuniary considerations arising from the lucrative fringe benefit of medicolegal re- porting, but you and I, Sir, know that such mundane considerations would never moti- vate the members of a learned profession.-Iam, etc.,
Academic medicine: who is it for?
Authors: Peter N Furness
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Abbasi's four pillars of academic medicine—research, implementation of evidence, teaching, and improved delivery of healthcare—correspond closely with my perception of academic medicine as it was when I took up my first academic post 20 years ago.1 As a result, to be a clinical academic was regarded as a privilege. What's more, for those who made the grade, it was enjoyable.

But, at least for the United Kingdom, Abbasi has the tense of the verb wrong when he says that this is what academic medicine is about. It was, but no more. The two pillars of academic medicine are now getting large research grants and publishing papers in journals with a high impact factor. These two may or may not be relevant to his first pillar, but they are pretty irrelevant to the other three. For example, teaching is devalued unless it is turned into an academic specialty in its own right, spawning educationalists who have research grants and publish papers on teaching. Actually doing the teaching is of far lower value.

How can these new two pillars be made to support all four of Abbasi's pillars? I don't know. So I have recently and with great sadness abandoned a 20-year academic career for a substantive NHS post, and I know of many colleagues who are doing or at least contemplating doing the same.

All the talk about improving recruitment to academic medicine is completely pointless unless these issues are addressed and being a clinical academic once again becomes a privilege, and fun. There was no shortage of bright, keen applicants for academic posts when I was newly qualified. But at that time, academic medicine had Abbasi's four pillars, not just the two of the research assessment exercise.
Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Fasting Obese Subjects
Authors: J. Runcie
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Data are presented on the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium in 40 obese patients subjected to therapeutic starvation. Two patterns of sodium loss were observed: either a uniform low-level loss or a fluctuating loss leading in some cases to marked sodium depletion. In three patients the response was a combination of these two patterns.
Eosinophil cationic protein and tidal flow volume loops in children 0-2 years of age
Authors: KC Lodrup Carlsen, R Halvorsen, S Ahlstedt, KH Carlsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Many children with recurrent wheezing in early childhood develop asthma. Objective parameters to describe different groups of wheezers are limited, but tidal flow volume (TFV) response to inhaled salbutamol has demonstrated differences between children with and without asthma. Also, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) has been associated with declining lung function in older children. We therefore investigated whether lung function and serum ECP (s-ECP) could differentiate between groups of wheezy young children. TFV loops were measured in 79 awake children (mean age 14 months). Minimum two wheezy episodes (mean 3.2) or minimum 4 weeks persistent wheeze were reported in 41 children (cases), whereas the 38 controls had no history of wheeze. Airways responsiveness (change in ratio of time until peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time (tPEF/tE) after inhaled nebulized salbutamol) was measured in 26 cases and 24 controls. Serum ECP and serum myeloperoxidase (s-MPO) were measured in all children. Cases had significantly lower mean tPEF/tE (0.21) than controls (0.33), and higher mean s-ECP (21.9 micrograms.L-1) than controls (14.0 micrograms.L-1). Serum ECP (but not s-MPO) correlated significantly with the percentage change in tPEF/tE from baseline (r = 0.7), but not with initial tPEF/tE. Serum ECP increased significantly with increasing immunoglobulin E (IgE), airways responsiveness and eosinophil count, but decreased with increasing age. TFV responsiveness to salbutamol and s-ECP levels correlate strongly, both probably reflecting airways inflammation, and may possibly be valuable prognostic tools in recurrent wheezy infants and toddlers.
Atlas of Advanced Surgery
Authors: Robert E. Hermann
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This atlas focuses on a selected group of "complicated and difficult general surgical procedures," each one described by a surgeon who has either perfected the operation or who is noted for his experience in its performance. Each author introduces the operation with several brief paragraphs on its indications, utilization, or both, describes the technique of the operative procedure in a stepwise fashion, discusses the complications and alternatives to the operation described, and adds final comments as to its success or its role in the surgical armamentarium. The atlas has been prepared and edited by Dr Martin Litwin who has contributed one procedure to it, pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple's operation). The atlas contains 36 operative procedures, 15 of which relate to the esophagus and stomach; seven to the liver, biliary tract, and spleen; six to the pancreas; three to the small intestine; and five to the colon. The book is large, the illustrations
Telomeres and Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Toren Finkel
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

A new study provides insight into aging and age- related diseases by linking telomere dysfunction to a decline in mitochondrial number and function.Common observation, bolstered by a wealth of epidemiologic evidence, demonstrates that aging is accompanied by a profound increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease.Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the aging process might, therefore, provide clues and even potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease, as well as a host of other age-related pathologies.Unfortunately, even though there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the aging process, no single theory of why we age has emerged.Early studies analyzing what led to the senescence of cultured human cells focused on the telomere, the specialized region on the end of each chromosome.Each cell division is known to result in the shortening of overall telomere length.After multiple cell divisions, proliferating cells finally erode the telomere down to a critical length.At this point, the cell responds by invoking a DNA damage response not unlike what happens when DNA is damaged by exogenous radiation or chemicals.This damage response culminates in the activation of the tumor suppressor, p53.Once activated, p53 can, in turn, promote growth arrest, cell death, or perhaps most importantly for aging, cellular senescence.While our knowledge of telomere biology was unfolding, parallel studies were arguing that aging was not, in fact, caused by any alterations at the ends of chromosomes or, for that matter, any nuclear event at all.Rather, these studies implicated a decline in mitochondrial function or a rise in reactive oxygen species as the critical factor for why we age. 1 Now, a new study by Ronald DePinho and colleagues suggests that both sides of what might be called this age-old debate might have been right all along.This new study demonstrates that telomeres, through p53, act to regulate overall metabolic function. 2In making such a connection, the mitochondria and the nucleus appeared to have gotten a lot closer and the basis for why we age has became a lot clearer.
OBSERVATIONS ON PLAGUE IN INDIA.
Authors: JUDSON DALAND
Journal: JAMA (1907)

of our members enjoyed the privileges of the Parker Hill Sanatorium.The good food furnished, the cool shade of the trees, and the pleasant company more than compensates, in most afebrile cases, for the exertion of traveling to and from the camp.An ideal location for a camp would be the grounds of a large hospital situated in the heart of the city such as the Massachusetts Gen- eral, the Pennsylvania, or the Johns Hopkins.Camps in connection with hospitals can be maintained at small cost, as proved by Dr. Stone and Dr. Floyd, at the House of the Good Samaritan in this city.In Southern cities the need of a summer day camp in connection with tuberculosis classes will be found well nigh indispensable.The heat of mid-day on the little porches and in the little confined spaces in the rear of the houses, of East Baltimore, for instance, will be intolerable and the patients will probably be forced into the house unless a day camp is established in some airy, open spot where the members can take the rest treatment under the shade of trees.OTHER CLASSES.In Boston and vicinity at least five other tuberculosis classes have been organized.The Suburban and the Arlington Street Church classes have already been men- tioned.In addition to these are the Cambridge and Lynn Tuberculosis Classes and one started by the Mount Sinai Dispensary of Boston intended especially for Jew- ish patients who can not speak English.In January, 1906, a class was formed" in Providence by Dr. F. T.
NKG2D Recognition and Perforin Effector Function Mediate Effective Cytokine Immunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Mark J. Smyth, Jeremy Swann, Janice M. Kelly, Erika Cretney, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Andreas Diefenbach, Thomas J. Sayers, Yoshihiro Hayakawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Single and combination cytokines offer promise in some patients with advanced cancer. Many spontaneous and experimental cancers naturally express ligands for the lectin-like type-2 transmembrane stimulatory NKG2D immunoreceptor; however, the role this tumor recognition pathway plays in immunotherapy has not been explored to date. Here, we show that natural expression of NKG2D ligands on tumors provides an effective target for some cytokine-stimulated NK cells to recognize and suppress tumor metastases. In particular, interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-12 suppressed tumor metastases largely via NKG2D ligand recognition and perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. By contrast, IL-18 required tumor sensitivity to Fas ligand (FasL) and surprisingly did not depend on the NKG2D-NKG2D ligand pathway. A combination of IL-2 and IL-18 stimulated both perforin and FasL effector mechanisms with very potent effects. Cytokines that stimulated perforin-mediated cytotoxicity appeared relatively more effective against tumor metastases expressing NKG2D ligands. These findings indicate that a rational choice of cytokines can be made given the known sensitivity of tumor cells to perforin, FasL, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and the NKG2D ligand status of tumor metastases.
Identification of the thrombin receptor on human platelets by chemical crosslinking.
Authors: J Takamatsu, M K Horne, H R Gralnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To identify the molecular site of thrombin binding to the platelet membrane, we covalently linked 125I-thrombin to platelets by using the bifunctional chemical cross-linking agents disuccinimidyl suberate and dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). The proteins cross-linked to 125I-thrombin by this method were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and followed by autoradiography. Two radiolabeled thrombin complexes were identified, a major species of Mr approximately 200,000 and a minor one of Mr approximately 400,000. Hirudin prevented the formation of both complexes. The radioactivity of the approximately 200,000-Mr complex was always 7-10-fold greater than the radioactivity of the approximately 400,000-Mr complex regardless of the thrombin concentration to which the platelets were exposed (0.1-29 nM). Although 125I-thrombin complexes generated with thrombasthenic platelets (lacking glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) were indistinguishable from normal, no complexes appeared when Bernard-Soulier platelets (lacking glycoprotein Ib [GPIb]) were used. Complex formation was blocked by rabbit antiglycocalicin antiserum, but not by the monoclonal antibody 6D1, which is directed against the site on GPIb where von Willebrand factor (vWf) binds in the presence of ristocetin. Although cross-linking studies suggested that vWf might partially inhibit thrombin binding to platelets, this was not confirmed by equilibrium binding studies in the presence of vWf and ristocetin. The data suggest, therefore, that at all thrombin concentrations binding occurs at the same membrane site, despite evidence from equilibrium studies for high and low affinity classes of receptors, and that the approximately 400,000-Mr complex is simply a dimer of the approximately 200,000-Mr species. We conclude that the membrane site to which thrombin binds is the glycocalicin portion of platelet GPIb at a site remote from the point of ristocetin-dependent vWf binding.
History of Medicine: Greek Medicine, vol 2
Authors: Robert Rietz
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ABSTRACT Greek Medicine is the second book in the History of Medicine series. The first in the series, Primitive and Ancient Medicine, was published three years ago.Dr Prioreschi's current work is arranged to first give the reader a historical basis for the culture of the era. In the first section, he includes an interesting 20-page portion on homosexuality in ancient Greece. The second section covers a tremendous amount of philosophy in 60 pages, to set the tone for the third section on science and technology. This arrangement is important, because Greek philosophy was a deductive process and thus biased the Greeks against the sort of inductive reasoning used in the modern scientific method.A short section on pre-Hippocratic medicine leads into the meat of the book, almost 200 pages on the two leading schools of medicine (analogous to allopathy and osteopathy in today's world). Dr Prioreschi recounts the transition from
Women need to know more
Authors: M. A J Beerepoot, G. t. Riet, C. A J M d. Borgie, T. M d. Reijke, S. E Geerlings
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Leydon and colleagues found that women attributed urinary tract infection (UTI) to lifestyle habits and behaviours.1 Evidence is accumulating that patient education and counselling are essential for effective prevention in chronic diseases. This is also true for UTI,2 but information about the knowledge of this patient group is limited.

We …
Reducing Dialysis Hazards
Authors: Jacob Fine
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  In the Feb 21,1972, issue ofThe Journal, Brewer et al reported a satisfactory experience with an indwelling catheter for peritoneal dialysis. There is little doubt that their technique has reduced the risk of sepsis. To account for the very low incidence (0.7%) of bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity as compared to a 3.6% incidence by the techniques in use in the intensive care units of community hospitals, the authors refer to the equipment and to transmural migration of intraintestinal flora as the two sources of contamination. Contamination from equipment can be controlled. Contamination from the lumen of the gut is another matter. Since dialyzing fluids are chemical irritants because they are not physiological fluids, the gut responds not only like other tissues with a loss of albumin, water, and electrolytes into the peritoneal cavity, but also by allowing bacteria to move transmurally with them. This
c-kit Is Required for Cardiomyocyte Terminal Differentiation
Authors: Ming Li, Nawazish Naqvi, Eiji Yahiro, Ke Liu, Pamela C. Powell, Wayne E. Bradley, David I.K. Martin, Robert M. Graham, Louis J. Dell’Italia, Ahsan Husain
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

c-kit, the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for stem cell factor, is required for melanocyte and mast cell development, hematopoiesis, and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. We show here that in the heart, c-kit is expressed not only by cardiac stem cells but also by cardiomyocytes, commencing immediately after birth and terminating a few days later, coincident with the onset of cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation. To examine the function of c-kit in cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation, we used compound heterozygous mice carrying the W (null) and W(v) (dominant negative) mutations of c-kit. In vivo, adult W/W(v) cardiomyocytes are phenotypically indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. After acute pressure overload adult W/W(v) cardiomyocytes reenter the cell cycle and proliferate, leading to left ventricular growth; furthermore in transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of the dominant negative W(v) mutant, pressure overload causes cardiomyocytes to reenter the cell cycle. In contrast, in wild-type mice left ventricular growth after pressure overload results mainly from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Importantly, W/W(v) mice with pressure overload-induced cardiomyocyte hyperplasia had improved left ventricular function and survival. In W/W(v) mice, c-kit dysfunction also resulted in an approximately 14-fold decrease (P<0.01) in the number of c-kit(+)/GATA4(+) cardiac progenitors. These findings identify novel functions for c-kit: promotion of cardiac stem cell differentiation and regulation of cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation.
A Disposable Rotating Oxygenator Capable of Being Sterilized by Heat for a Heart-Lung Machine
Authors: M. Wilson, K. Vowles
Journal: Thorax (1960)

This rotating oxygenator is of a design differing from other rotating oxygenators in that the large surface area necessary for filming blood at high rates of flow is obtained by using a small number of concentric drums rather than a large number of discs. This makes for simplicity of manufacture and ease of assembly. The design is such that it can be cast in plastic in three parts and mass produced at small cost. A number of plasti_s capable of being sterilized by heat are now available; preliminary tests of  araldite  (epoxide resin) suggest that it may be the most suitable for this purpose. A prototype has been machined out of perspex and has been us.d to test the design in regard to its oxygenating capacity and its effect on blood cells.
Patient fat biopsies for chemical analysis and liver biopsies for ultrastructural characterization after exposure to polychlorinated dioxins, furans and PCBs.
Authors: A Schecter, T Tiernan, F Schaffner, M Taylor, G Gitlitz, G F VanNess, J H Garrett, D J Wagel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A subset of workers was followed after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furans in an occupational medicine clinic setting. Patterns of PCBs found in adipose tissue resembled the pattern seen when soot from the incident or Aroclor 1254 was examined by GC-MS. Adipose tissue also revealed levels of hepta- and octachlorinated furans and dioxins as high as 8400 ppt in one repeatedly exposed worker. Control fat from patients with no known exposure to furans or dioxins was usually in the several hundred parts per trillion range for these isomers, but slightly over 2000 ppt in one sample. Electron microscopic analysis of liver biopsies from three patients who developed mild elevations of hepatic enzymes in their serum revealed morphologic alterations in some ways similar to those seen in animals after feeding experiments with PCBs, dioxins or the Binghamton State Office Building soot. These include pleomorphic mitochondria, giant mitochondria, prominent dense mitochondrial granules, cristae parallel to the long axis of the mitochondria and crystalline structure within same mitochondria as well as lipid droplets in liver cells and slightly dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
COLLODION AS A DRESSING AFTER INTRANASAL OPERATIONS.A PREVENTIVE OF POST-OPERATIVE HEMORRHAGES.
Authors: KASPAR PISCHEL
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Since the publication of my first paper on this subject,<sup>1</sup>some improvements have been made in my method of using collodion as a dressing after intranasal operations. These were partly evolved from my own experience and partly from the suggestions of my colleagues. Dr. E. Rixford of San Francisco suggested the use of compound tincture of benzoin as a substitute for collodion. I found it very reliable as a preparation of the wound for collodion; it dries the tissue nicely, so that the collodion sticks to it much better. Dr. James F. Smith of San Francisco uses pieces of gauze instead of wisps of cotton. I have followed his suggestion. Dr. C. W. Richardson,<sup>2</sup>Washington, D. C., applies the collodion with a probe; I had tried that before I selected my present method, but discarded it. That the usual after-treatment is not satisfactory to many was well expressed
Chairman's Opening Remarks
Authors: Roger Bannister
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1974)

Who would have guessed 10 or 15 years ago, that we should now be holding a conference to investigate the need and place of altitude training in the preparation for athletics?It has a 1984 quality about it which I deplore in what is, after all, supposed to be sport.However, sport cannot be isolated from the rest of the world, whether it be the world of politics or of science.This is a necessary conference, and I do not think it could have been held under better auspices, attracting as it has many of those concerned with the answers to the problem.
Cervicofacial Actinomycosis Complicated by Meningitis
Authors: Joseph A. Intile
Journal: JAMA (1962)

ACTINOMYCOSIS can be successfully treated with penicillin or, when possible, with a combination of penicillin and excisional surgery. Specific diagnosis is often simple and depends mainly upon an awareness of this entity and its differentiation from a similar disease, nocardiosis, which is unaffected by penicillin but responds readily to the sulfonamides. The actinomycetes are anaerobic to microaerophilic gram-positive organisms with branching, filamentous mycelia and are more closely related to the true bacteria than to the true fungi. They have the distinction of being the only fungi which are capable of causing systemic infection and which cannot grow aerobically on ordinary culture mediums at room temperature. Various species and types have been described. Actinomyces bovis generally causes bovine disease, A. Israeli, human disease, and A. baudetti, disease in dogs and cats. There are minor differences in the appearance of the colonies of the species, and definite separation can be made by
Does histological data from liver biopsy represent the inflammatory process of the entire organ?
Authors: M. Persico, R. Vecchione, G. Di Giacomo Russo, B. Palmentieri, M. D'Armiento, F. De Marino, L. Coppola, C. Del Vecchio Blanco, R. Torella, I. de Sio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
On Vaccination and Small-Pox in the Italian Army
Authors: R. Livi
Journal: BMJ (1899)

THE medicali statistics of the Italian Army give for many years past information of great importance on vaccination and on cases of small-pox among soldiers.They divide the attacked individuals into two classes according to their remote or recent anamnesis.We call "remote anamnesis" that which relates to vaccination undergone before entering the military service " recent anamnesis 7 that which relates to vaccination undergone while entering or duringthe service.