tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for development of flucloxacillin associated jaundice.
Authors: C K Fairley, J J McNeil, P Desmond, R Smallwood, H Young, A Forbes, P Purcell, I Boyd
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To identify risk factors predisposing to the development of flucloxacillin associated jaundice. DESIGN--Case-control study. Medical records of cases and controls were reviewed and information recorded on standard data collection forms. SETTING--Alfred Hospital recruiting subjects from Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane. SUBJECTS--Cases were defined as patients who had developed jaundice within eight weeks of stopping flucloxacillin, biochemical test results suggesting cholestasis, normal calibre bile ducts, and not been taking recognised hepatotoxic drugs. 51 of the 53 patients referred were included in the study. Four controls for each case were randomly selected from the patient register of the prescribing doctor. These were defined as patients who had been prescribed flucloxacillin without developing jaundice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Demographic characteristics, medical history, indication for flucloxacillin, dose, route and duration of treatment, other drugs, smoking, and previous drug allergies or use of flucloxacillin. RESULTS--Increasing age and a prolonged duration of flucloxacillin treatment were found to be risk factors for the development of jaundice. Patients aged over 55 years had an odds ratio of 18.61 (95% confidence interval 5.16-67.17) compared with patients under 30. The odds ratio for patients prescribed flucloxacillin for over 14 days was 7.13 (2.90 to 17.58) compared with patients treated for 14 days or less. Dose and route of administration were not related to the risk of jaundice. CONCLUSIONS--Older patients and those receiving flucloxacillin for longer than two weeks are at a substantially greater risk of jaundice. Careful consideration of the risk-benefit ratio is required when flucloxacillin is used in these settings.
Factors Predictive of Recurrence and Death From Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chrysalyne D. Schmults, Pritesh S. Karia, Joi B. Carter, Jiali Han, Abrar A. Qureshi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Importance: Although most cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are easily cured with surgery or ablation, a subset of these tumors recur, metastasize, and cause death.We conducted the largest study of CSCC outcomes since 1968.Objective: To identify risk factors independently associated with poor outcomes in primary CSCC.Design: A 10-year retrospective cohort study.Setting: An academic hospital in Boston.Participants: Nine hundred eighty-five patients with 1832 tumors.Main Outcomes and Measures: Subhazard ratios for local recurrence, nodal metastasis, disease-specific death, and all-cause death adjusted for presence of known prognostic risk factors. Results:The median follow-up was 50 (range, 2-142) months.Local recurrence occurred in 45 patients (4.6%) during the study period; 36 (3.7%) developed nodal metastases; and 21 (2.1%) died of CSCC.In multivariate competing risk analyses, independent predictors for nodal metastasis and disease-specific death were a tumor diameter
Signaling changes in the stem cell factor–AKT-S6 pathway in diagnostic AML samples are associated with disease relapse
Authors: S M Kornblau, T Covey, S Putta, A Cohen, J Woronicz, W J Fantl, U Gayko, A Cesano
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Signaling changes in the stem cell factor–AKT-S6 pathway in diagnostic AML samples are associated with disease relapse
Influence of collagen and fibronectin substrates on the behaviour of cultured embryonic dermal cells
Authors: P. SENGEL, M. KIENY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The effect of extracellular matrix components on cell patterning was studied in cultures of 7-day chick embryo dorsal dermal cells. A scale of ten stages based on cell density, distribution, and patterning has been defined. Starting from a seeding density of 3.5 X 10(5) cells per dish (diameter 35 mm) in 1.7-1.8 ml of medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum, cultures reached stage 8 in 7 days. When cells were cultured on a substrate of native bovine type I collagen, their patterning was retarded by 3 to 4 stages. A substrate of human fibronectin had no effect on the rate of cell patterning, when compared with a plastic substrate. However, when fibronectin was adsorbed on collagen-coated dishes, the retarding effect of collagen was suppressed, and a 'normal' rate of cell patterning was restored. When fibronectin was locally adsorbed on plastic or collagen substrates, so as to offer a heterogeneous substrate to the cells, the border between fibronectin and plastic or between fibronectin and collagen was perceived by the cells as a borderline along which they tended to align.
Sir Samuel Garth, Kt.
Authors: Lawrence C. McHenry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

SIR Samuel Garth, poet-physician, was one of the most fashionable practitioners among the London physicians at the turn of the eighteenth century and at the same time was considered by his contemporaries to be among the ranking poets of the day. After Johnson wrote his Lives of the Poets little was mentioned about Dr. Garth until Harvey Cushing read a paper before the Johns Hopkins Hospital Historical Club on December 12, 1904, which was subsequently published in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin in 1906. Since then there has been a paucity of material about Dr. Garth and his poem, "The . . .
Macroglobulins in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Diseases
Authors: Nanna Svartz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A report of our earlier studies of the rheumatoid factor (RF) was published in this Journal.<sup>1</sup>In the present paper we want to refer to our investigations by means of zone electrophoresis in 1954 to 1955.<sup>2 -5</sup>We found that the RF followed the fast migrating γ-globulins, to which group the γ-macroglobulins belong. But it was not until December 1956 that the opportunity arose to determine the sedimentation coefficient of the RF. This was done first at the Nobel Institute of Biochemistry (Hugo Theorell), and later in cooperation with S. Hedman at the Gustaf V Research Institute. Our investigations have shown that the sedimentation coefficient of the RF lies mostly between 18.2 and 18.8 S<sub>20W</sub>(Svedberg units). As reported in previous publications, the RF has been isolated in pure form by a special procedure (see below). As criteria of purity, the requirements have been that only one
Going hungry in America
Authors: S. Frisch
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Going hungry in America Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Progress in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: David S. Pisetsky
Journal: JAMA (2001)

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS A chronic inflammatory arthritis involving 0.5% to 1% of the US population. This disease affects women twice as often as men and its incidence rises with increasing age. In general, RA causes a symmetric polyarthritis affecting large and small joints in association with systemic manifestations, such as morning stiffness, fatigue, and weight loss. Although considered a joint disease, RA can have widespread effects on the entire body and can impair life expectancy by as much as 5 to 10 years. With progressive disease, patients with RA develop work disability, functional impairment, and radiographic evidence of joint damage. While many conditions can produce polyarthritis, the diagnosis of RA can usually be established by the presence of persistent joint pain, swelling in a symmetric distribution, and prolonged morning stiffness. Supporting the diagnosis are laboratory findings, such as a positive test result for rheumatoid factor. The intensity of joint inflammation often correlates with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate or levels of serum C-reactive protein, but these abnormalities are nonspecific. In the management of RA, the primary care physician plays an important role by ensuring early diagnosis. If unsure about the presence or significance of synovitis, the primary care physician should consult a rheumatologist for this determination. The management of RA has undergone a revolution in the past decade, reflecting a growing armamentarium of drugs and a shift in treatment strategies. While RA is a chronic condition, joint damage occurs at onset for many patients. Thus, in the current strategy, which has replaced the older, more gradualist treatment pyramid, therapy is begun immediately to control disease activity, reduce functional impairment, and prevent irreversible changes in cartilage and bone. Since prompt disease control is a major goal of therapy, the primary care physician should consider referring a patient with suspected RA to a rheumatologist for early treatment. A variety of surgical procedures is also available to reduce joint pain and improve function, but a discussion of these modalities is beyond the scope of this article.
Administration of Intratracheal Epinephrine by Cricothyroid Needle Puncture
Authors: Samuel Du Bose Ravenel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to a question about the status of transcutaneous intratracheal epinephrine injection in advanced cardiac life support,<sup>1</sup>Drass suggests that administration by cricothyroid puncture rather than by endotracheal tube has disadvantages that dictate "limited application." He cites the need to halt cardiopulmonary resuscitation to perform the cricothyroid puncture, the necessity of teaching the skill to prehospital personnel, and the risk of hemorrhage with resultant airway compromise. My experience in performing cricothyroid punctures in pediatric and adult patients for diagnostic purposes suggests that the risks and disadvantages may not be significantly greater than those associated with administration through endotracheal tube. From personal experience with both procedures, the skill required for successful needle puncture through the cricothyroid membrane seems less than that required for successful endotracheal intubation in an emergency situation. The time required for needle puncture and rapid delivery of medication is minimal, particularly in the
Four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage for venous leg ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with data from individual patients
Authors: S. O'Meara, J. Tierney, N. Cullum, J M. Bland, P. J Franks, T. Mole, M. Scriven
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the effectiveness of two types of compression treatment (four layer bandage and short stretch bandage) in people with venous leg ulceration. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of patient level data. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic databases (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and National Research Register) and reference lists of retrieved articles searched to identify relevant trials and primary investigators. Primary investigators of eligible trials were invited to contribute raw data for re-analysis. <b>Review methods</b> Randomised controlled trials of four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage in people with venous leg ulceration were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was time to healing. Cox proportional hazards models were run to compare the methods in terms of time to healing with adjustment for independent predictors of healing. Secondary outcomes included incidence and number of adverse events per patient. <b>Results</b> Seven eligible trials were identified (887 patients), and patient level data were retrieved for five (797 patients, 90% of known randomised patients). The four layer bandage was associated with significantly shorter time to healing: hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) from multifactorial model based on five trials was 1.31 (1.09 to 1.58), P=0.005. Larger ulcer area at baseline, more chronic ulceration, and previous ulceration were all independent predictors of delayed healing. Data from two trials showed no evidence of a difference in adverse event profiles between the two bandage types. <b>Conclusions</b> Venous leg ulcers in patients treated with four layer bandages heal faster, on average, than those of people treated with the short stretch bandage. Benefits were consistent across patients with differing prognostic profiles.
Hypoxia selectively induces proliferation in a specific subpopulation of smooth muscle cells in the bovine neonatal pulmonary arterial media.
Authors: J D Wohrley, M G Frid, E P Moiseeva, E C Orton, J K Belknap, K R Stenmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Medial thickening of the pulmonary arterial wall, secondary to smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia, is commonly observed in neonatal hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Because recent studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple phenotypically distinct SMC populations within the arterial media, we hypothesized that these SMC subpopulations would differ in their proliferative responses to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and thus contribute in selective ways to the vascular remodeling process. Expression of meta-vinculin, a muscle-specific cytoskeletal protein, has been shown to reliably distinguish two unique SMC subpopulations within the bovine pulmonary arterial media. Therefore, to assess the proliferative responses of phenotypically distinct SMC subpopulations in the setting of neonatal pulmonary hypertension, we performed double immunofluorescence staining on pulmonary artery cryosections from control and hypertensive calves with antibodies against meta-vinculin and the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen, Ki-67. We found that, although neonatal pulmonary hypertension caused significant increases in overall cell replication, proliferation occurred almost exclusively in one, the meta-vinculin-negative SMC population, but not the other SMC population expressing meta-vinculin. We also examined fetal pulmonary arteries, where proliferative rates were high and meta-vinculin expression again reliably distinguished two SMC subpopulations. In contrast to the hypertensive neonate, we found in the fetus that the relative proliferative rates of both SMC subpopulations were equal, thus suggesting the existence of different mechanisms controlling proliferation and expression of cytoskeletal proteins in the fetus and neonate. We conclude that phenotypically distinct SMC populations in the bovine arterial media exhibit specific and selective proliferative responses to neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Distinct SMC subpopulations may, thus, contribute in unique ways to vascular homeostasis under both normal and pathologic conditions.
Leptospirosis in Human Pregnancy followed by Death of the Foetus
Authors: J. D. Coghlan, A. D. Bain
Journal: BMJ (1969)

An attack of leptospirosis due to serotype canicola in a pregnant woman was followed in the convalescent period by death of the foetus. Previous cases of this nature are reviewed. In certain areas where leptospirosis is known to exist among the animal population early recognition and treatment of human cases is advised, especially when they occur during pregnancy.
AN OUTLINE FOR THE RATING OF HOSPITALS
Authors: WILLIAM EVERETT MUSGRAVE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

DEFINITION  A hospital is an institution suitably located, constructed, equipped, organized, managed and personneled to supply, scientifically, economically, efficiently and unhindered, all or any recognized part of the complex requirements for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of physical, mental and the medical aspect of social ills; with functioning facilities for training new workers in the many  professional, technical and economic fields essential to the discharge of its proper functions; and with adequate contacts with physicians, other hospitals, medical schools and all accredited health agencies engaged in the better health program.  A hospital that fulfils this definition is the ideal general  one that fulfils it with the exception of neuropsychiatry and contagious diseases may be appropriately designated a limited general hospital; and one occupying a less inclusive field may be classed as a special hospital. The character and degree of limitation of  hospitals may be appropriately indicated by
Explosion of internet advertisements for protection against SARS
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has generated nearly a half million new websites on the internet.

On nearly every page, advertisers offer protection against the disease—ranging from respiratory masks and disinfectants to nutrient supplements that, the vendors claim, strengthen the immune system.

Antec International, a British company, and its American distributor, Biosafety USA, is …
The Role of Glucagon in Cardiac Therapy
Authors: William W. Parmley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Until recently, glucagon has been of primary interest only to the endocrinologist and biochemist. As a polypeptide hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, its primary physiologic role appears to be related to the maintenance of glucose levels in the blood. Thus, it acts primarily in the liver by activating adenyl cyclase activity, which promotes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. Cyclic AMP, in turn, activates phosphorylase and promotes glycogenolysis. Although it has been known for more than a decade that pharmacologic doses of glucagon have cardiovascular actions, it has only been in the last three or . . .
Pathomorphological study of Kupffer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplastic nodular lesions in the liver
Authors: M Tanaka
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A pathomorphological study was conducted to clarify the localization of Kupffer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and such hyperplastic nodular lesions as adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). Materials were surgical specimens of 50 HCCs, 7 AHs, and 13 FNHs. These tissues were immunohistochemically stained with an anti-human macrophage antibody (anti-CD68 antibody). Among CD68-positive cells, short spindle-shaped cells were considered as Kupffer cells, and Kupffer cell numbers in tumor lesions and surrounding liver tissues of each specimen were comparatively examined. As a result, the number of Kupffer cells in well-differentiated HCC tissues less than 1 cm in diameter was 27.8 ± 3.3 (mean ± SE/0.25 mm2); in noncancerous tissues, it was 30.2 ± 3.2, showing no statistically significant differences. The number of Kupffer cells in cancerous tissues decreased in comparison with the number in noncancerous tissues, as the tumor size increased and histological grade decreased. In hyperplastic nodular lesions, the number was higher in nodular lesions than in the surrounding liver tissues in 4 of 7 AHs (57.1%) and 6 of 13 FNHs (46.2%). This could explain the reason why enhanced MRI, which utilizes the selective taken-up mechanism of chondroitin sulfate iron colloid and superparamagnetic iron oxide into the reticuloendothelial system of the liver and spleen, depicts well- differentiated HCC and AH at the same signal intensity as in the surrounding liver tissues. Our findings also indicate that there is a limitation in differentiating or diagnosing small HCC and hyperplastic nodular lesions by using enhanced MRI, which utilizes Kupffer cell functions.
Gene-modified cells for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Katharine A. Whartenby, George N. Abraham, Peter A. Calabresi, Camille N. Abboud, Paul Calabresi, Aizen Marrogi, Scott M. Freeman
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1995)

Gene therapy involves the insertion of a gene into an organism to treat a disease. Since its early development in the 1970s, gene therapy has expanded rapidly both in terms of the methods available and the number of candidate diseases for treatment. This report reviews gene therapy for cancer, including methodology, pre-clinical studies and experimental clinical trials.
Epidemic Trichophyton mentagrophytes Infections in Servicemen
Authors: Alfred M. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Epidemic inflammatory dermatophytosis among US combat forces in Vietnam was caused by a pancreatopeptidase E-producing, small (a) mating type, zoophilic variety of<i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i>,a variety not ordinarily isolated in the United States. An abundant reservoir of zoophilic<i>T mentagrophytes</i>was discovered in commensal rats; carriage was frequent on normal-appearing perineal skin. Variations in prevalence and severity of infection were related to differences in clothing, wet terrain exposures, and duration of tropical service. Our findings suggest that (1) T mentagrophytes infections were acquired in Vietnam, possibly from rats; (2) risk of infection was directly related to degree of exposure to wet clothing; (3) Americans were distinctly more susceptible to T mentagrophytes infections than were adult Vietnamese.
View from France: coming full circle
Authors: G. Kierzek, V. Rac, J.-L. Pourriat
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Bird and Harris propose moving to presumed consent to increase organ donation in the United Kingdom.1 France moved to presumed consent 34 years ago.2 All people are considered to consent to organ donation after death unless they have recorded opposition while alive (Laws of Bioethics).3 …
LIPOPROTEIN (A) LEVELS PREDICT THE EXTENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE AND LONGTERM CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY WITH SUBOPTIMAL LIPID CONTOROL
Authors: Stephen J. Nicholls, W.H.Wilson Tang, Danielle M. Brennan, Stanley L. Hazen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
COGNITIVE STIMULATION IN EARLY ALZHEIMER TYPE DEMENTIA (ATD) USING Tc-99m-HMPAO
Authors: J Darcourt, Ph Robert, V Aubin-Brunet, O Migneco, Z X He, J Benoliel, F Bussiere, G Darcourt, I Mena
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

darcourt, J.; Robert, Ph.; Aubin-Brunnet, V.; Migneco, O.; He, Z. X.; Benoliel, J.; Bussiere, F.; Darcourt, G.; Mena, I. Author Information