tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimation of early hepatitis C viral clearance in patients receiving daily interferon and ribavirin therapy using a mathematical model
Authors: Frank C. Bekkering, Carlos Stalgis, John G. McHutchison, Johannes T. Brouwer, Alan S. Perelson
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection are resistant to standard interferon (IFN) therapy. We used a mathematical model to estimate the duration of daily therapy necessary to maximize the number of patients achieving viral negativity before 12 weeks of therapy. Patients from a study to determine HCV RNA reduction over 4 weeks using 3 million units (MU), 5 MU, or 10 MU of IFN alfa daily plus Ribavirin were compared with a group receiving IFN alfa 3 MU three times a week. By extending the linear regression and prediction interval lines, the estimated time to negativity was greater than 12 weeks for the standard IFN group, 42 to greater than 84 days for the 3 MU IFN daily plus Ribavirin, 39 to 60 days for 5 MU IFN daily plus Ribavirin and 25 to 45 days for the 10 MU IFN daily and Ribavirin group, respectively. Thus, the use of a predictive model based on log transformation and linear regression of the early HCV RNA response suggests daily doses of 5 or 10 million units of IFN plus Ribavirin will be theoretically necessary for longer than 4 weeks to maximize the number of patients who clear virus by 12 weeks of therapy. This model may be useful in predicting response in groups of patients receiving other therapies.
UK needs database of payments from industry to doctors, conference hears
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors in the United Kingdom should be obliged to adhere to a code of conduct on relationships with industry and to declare their interactions with drug and medical device companies on a publicly accessible searchable database maintained by the profession, a joint meeting of the Royal College of Physicians and The BMJ has concluded.

At an all day meeting on 9 October delegates resolved to convene a working group to draft a code of conduct governing interactions with industry. The aim is to publish it for consultation by the end of March 2015 and produce a final version …
Association of Specific Behavior Pattern in Women with Blood and Cardiovascular Findings
Authors: RAY H. ROSENMAN, MEYER FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The possible effect of a specific overt behavior pattern upon serum cholesterol levels, blood coagulation, and incidence of arcus senilis and clinical coronary heart disease was studied in two groups of women randomly chosen for study by lay selectors after careful orientation. Women of group A were selected on the sole basis of their habitual exhibition of a behavior pattern (type A) characterized by excessive competitive "drive," ambitiousness, and immersion in "deadlines." Women of group B were selected by lay selectors on the sole basis of their exhibition of entirely opposite behavioral traits (type B). Each group of subjects included a series of nuns respectively exhibiting the type A and B behavior patterns. The women exhibiting pattern A also exhibited markedly higher serum cholesterol levels, often more rapid blood coagulation, three to five times as much arcus senilis, three to seven times more diastolic hypertension, and a four-fold higher incidence of clinical coronary disease. A history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris only was found in group A. These striking differences were independent of differences in parental incidence of coronary disease, caloric or fat intake, obesity, physical activity, smoking, or "femininity." The strikingly higher incidence of clinical disease in pattern A women also was not found ascribable per se to differences in heredity, obesity, hypertension, caloric or fat intake, smoking, physical activity, blood coagulation, or serum cholesterol levels. The results closely resemble those previously found in men with similar behavior patterns, and strongly suggest that the type A behavior pattern is itself in some way largely responsible for the observed findings.
Specialty Board Examinations
Authors: John M. Dorman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Dr Aring, in his perceptive commentary on specialty board certification has touched a sensitive nerve. A graduate of a first-rate training program in pediatrics, I chose to enter the field of college health, a related area but certainly not in the pediatric mainstream. A year later, after the requisite period of memorization of bits of knowledge I never used, I passed the written pediatric boards. After another year, I took the oral pediatric board examination, without the period of memorization and with assurances that any well-trained nonpsychotic physician would pass, if he were honest with the examiners and did not try to bluff his way through. Not true. I flunked.  Subsequently, I received a very condescending communication from the American Board of Pediatrics explaining the steps I should take in order to bring myself up to pediatric par. At this moment, I have still not decided whether
Treatment of Fracture Dislocations of the Spine
Authors: D. J. Canale
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing in regard to the article in the MEDICAL NEWS section ofThe Journal(239:1597, 1978). I strongly disagree with Dr Labbé's reported conclusions regarding the treatment of fracture dislocations of the spine based on his experience in the disaster situation in the Guatemala City earthquake in 1976. The conclusion that decompressive laminectomy is the wrong treatment of fracture dislocations of the spine is based on a situation that I do not think is applicable to most circumstances in which fracture dislocations of the spine are seen and treated in major metropolitan medical centers in this country. His conclusions particularly regarding the high infection rate that they saw in Guatemala City would not apply to normal circumstances in this country. I find no disagreement with his contention that stabilization of the spine in fracture dislocations is important; however, others' experience in this field, particularly with
Accuracy of the advanced trauma life support guidelines for predicting systolic blood pressure using carotid, femoral, and radial pulses: observational study
Authors: C. D Deakin
Journal: BMJ (2000)

that in the regions we have studied the direct effect of the moderate warming predicted in the next 50 years would be to reduce, at least briefly, both winter mortality and total mortality.This could be continued into a large, sustained reduction in overall mortality if additional action is taken to prevent relaxation of protective measures against outdoor and indoor cold stress as winters become milder.These findings should not, of course, diminish concerns about possible indirect effects of prolonged global warming, such as flooding of low lying areas due to a rise in sea level or about direct effects of heat stress in hotter regions.
Is Trastuzumab Every Three Weeks Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Melody Cobleigh, David Frame
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.07.984 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 14507945 Is Trastuzumab Every Three Weeks Ready for Prime Time? Melody CobleighxMelody CobleighSearch for articles by this author , David FramexDavid FrameSearch for articles by this author Show More Rush Presbyterian-St Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, IL https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.07.984 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Is Trastuzumab Every Three Weeks Ready for Prime Time?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(21), pp. 3900–3901© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Comparative results of transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy in saphenous vein graft lesions with and without thrombus
Authors: Mark Dooris, Melissa Hoffmann, Sue Glazier, Nadine Juran, Venu Reddy, Cindy L. Grines, Gregory S. Pavlides, Theodore Schreiber, William W. O'Neill, Robert D. Safian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Role of Rho-Associated Kinase in Neointima Formation After Vascular Injury
Authors: Rei Shibata, Hisashi Kai, Yukihiko Seki, Seiya Kato, Minoru Morimatsu, Kozo Kaibuchi, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The Rho/Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase) system is implicated in various cellular functions, including migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Because a possible role of the system is suggested in neointima formation after vascular injury, we sought to examine whether a new specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y27632, prevents neointima formation of the balloon-injured rat carotid artery, and if so, to investigate the effects of Y27632 on migration, proliferation, and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the injured artery. Methods and Results —Y27632 was administered intraperitoneally from 1 day before to 14 days after vascular injury. Treatment with Y27632 inhibited phenylephrine-induced Rho-kinase activation in the carotid artery on the basis of immunoblotting against the phosphorylated myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphatase. Y27632 markedly prevented neointima formation at days 7 and 14. In controls, BrdU + proliferating and TUNEL + apoptotic SMCs were transiently and coincidentally increased in the neointima, with a peak at day 7. Y27632 significantly increased the neointimal TUNEL + SMCs at days 7 and 14, but not BrdU + SMCs. Y27642 significantly decreased the number of intimal SMCs at day 4, while not affecting the number of BrdU + or TUNEL + SMCs. Reendothelialization after balloon injury was not significantly affected by Y27632 at days 7 and 14. Conclusions —Y27632 inhibited neointima formation by enhancing SMC apoptosis and probably by suppressing early SMC migration. Therefore, a role of Rho-kinase is suggested in neointima formation after vascular injury.
D-Lactic Acidosis in a Man with the Short-Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Man S. Oh, Kenneth R. Phelps, Morris Traube, Jose L. Barbosa-Saldivar, Carlton Boxhill, Hugh J. Carroll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

WE have recently studied a patient who had short-bowel syndrome that presented with peculiar neurologic manifestations and severe metabolic acidosis. The anion gap was increased, but the identity of the abnormal anion was not readily apparent. By several chemical technics the agent responsible for metabolic acidosis was found to be D-lactic acid — a cause of metabolic acidosis familiar to veterinarians but not to physicians.Case HistoryThe patient, a 30-year-old man, was in good health until July, 1975, when a superior mesenteric-vein thrombosis of unknown cause resulted in gangrene of most of the small intestine. After emergency jejunoileostomy with . . .
Ulcer Site and Complications: Relation to Helicobacter pylori Infection and NSAID Use
Authors: M. T. Al-Assi, R. M. Genta, T. J. Karttunen, D. Y. Graham
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence and location of ulcers, H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
CEREBRAL LOCALIZATION—WHAT IS KNOWN, WHAT SURMISED, AND WHAT IS ITS SURGICAL VALUE?Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: J. W. ROBERTSON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The physiology of the nervous system and the functional differentiation of its component parts has been but recently investigated, and is now in many particulars so well established that it seems proper before entering the domain of neurologic pathology to briefly recapitulate, not only that which has been scientifically proven, but the many speculations of eminent investigators that are as yet mere hypotheses. Without going into a detailed history of the evolution of cerebral physiology, I will refer to the great advance made by the anatomists of the seventeenth century. Before that time anatomy and physiology were necessarily theoretical, for as a basis they rested on speculation and tradition, not on the dissection of the human body. But the opinions held regarding the nervous system were even more crude than those that prevailed regarding other portions of the body, for the philosophers, led by Aristotle and Herophilus, had outlined a
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
Authors: D J Gordon, J L Probstfield, R J Garrison, J D Neaton, W P Castelli, J D Knoke, D R Jacobs, S Bangdiwala, H A Tyroler
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) reported in 1986 that much of the inverse relation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and incidence of coronary heart disease was eliminated by covariance adjustment. Using the proportional hazards model and adjusting for age, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, we analyzed this relation separately in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Mortality Follow-up Study (LRCF) and Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT), and Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). In CPPT and MRFIT (both randomized trials in middle-age high-risk men), only the control groups were analyzed. A 1-mg/dl (0.026 mM) increment in HDLC was associated with a significant coronary heart disease risk decrement of 2% in men (FHS, CPPT, and MRFIT) and 3% in women (FHS). In LRCF, where only fatal outcomes were documented, a 1-mg/dl increment in HDLC was associated with significant 3.7% (men) and 4.7% (women) decrements in cardiovascular disease mortality rates. The 95% confidence intervals for these decrements in coronary heart and cardiovascular disease risk in the four studies overlapped considerably, and all contained the range 1.9-2.9%. HDLC levels were essentially unrelated to non-cardiovascular disease mortality. When differences in analytic methodology were eliminated, a consistent inverse relation of HDLC levels and coronary heart disease event rates was apparent in BRHS as well as in the four American studies.
Basic Science of Cancer
Authors: Sewa S. Legha
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes2 October 2001Basic Science of CancerSewa S. Legha, MDSewa S. Legha, MDBaylor College of Medicine, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-7-200110020-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Kruh GG, Tew KD, eds. 282 pages. Philadelphia: Current Science; 2000. $79.99. ISBN 1573401439. Order phone 215-574-2266.Field of Medicine: Medical oncology, radiation oncology, and surgical oncology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Physicians, clinical researchers, and trainees.Purpose: To provide an extensive review of the molecular processes involved in the development of human cancer and its treatment.Content: The book's 13 chapters cover the techniques for identifying cancer genes and the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in carcinogenesis. Cell cycle control, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair are discussed. Clinically relevant topics, such as apoptosis, pharmacology of anticancer ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baylor College of Medicine, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 7Page: 556KeywordsCancer treatmentComputer and information sciencesDrug discoveryDrugsHospital medicinePharmacogeneticsPharmacokineticsPharmacologySoftware toolsTumor suppressor genes ePublished: 2 October 2001 Issue Published: 2 October 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
So what crop would you grow if you farmed in Kenya?
Authors: A. Grant
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Corneal ectasias are progressive, degenerative ocular diseases defined by abnormal structural changes in the cornea, leading to distortion of vision and substantial reduction in quality of life. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) increases the biomechanical rigidity of the cornea and has been shown to halt ectatic processes. The established CXL protocol requires removal of the corneal epithelium. However, some surgeons have proposed transepithelial approaches to enhance patient recovery and minimise adverse events. Whether novel transepithelial approaches are as effective in arresting ectasia as the established epithelium-off protocol remains unclear. This study will systematically review the evidence on transepithelial CXL approaches and compare it to the epithelium-off protocol. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> We will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing transepithelial and epithelium-off CXL for any corneal ectasia. We will search 16 electronic databases including MEDLINE and Embase, as well as the grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen search results to identify eligible studies, complete data abstraction and conduct quality assessment. We will assess the quality of individual RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Our primary outcome will be the change in maximal keratometry at 12 months after treatment, and we will examine 11 additional outcomes. We will summarise our analyses by measures of association (relative risk or odds ratio) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean differences with 95% CIs for continuous outcomes. Prespecified subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore heterogeneity. The overall quality of evidence will be rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review as it draws from previously published data. Results of the study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication and discussed at conferences and seminars. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42018102069
O 7 Isolated liver perfusion for liver-specific gene-delivery with replication-defective adenovirus vectors
Authors: F. Fallaux, W. de Roos, A. Marinelli, A. Lazaris-Karatzas, E. Bouwman, J. Nooteboom, L. van der Eb, O. Terpstra, R. Hoeben
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1996)
Frequency and Clinical Implications of Discordant Creatine Kinase-MB and Troponin Measurements in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: L. Kristin Newby, Matthew T. Roe, Anita Y. Chen, E. Magnus Ohman, Robert H. Christenson, Charles V. Pollack, James W. Hoekstra, W. Frank Peacock, Robert A. Harrington, Robert L. Jesse, W. Brian Gibler, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
The Organization and Financing of Graduate Medical Education in Canada
Authors: Michael Whitcomb
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IN THE mid-1970s, US government officials and other health policymakers began expressing concerns about the impact of physician maldistribution, both by specialty and by location, on the provision of medical care.<sup>1-3</sup>Government committees were established to study the problem and determine how the organization and financing of the nation's graduate medical education (GME) system was a contributing factor.<sup>4,5</sup>Stimulated by the government's interest, professional organizations and foundations sponsored independent studies of the relation between physicians' choice of specialty and location and the organization of GME. In general, these groups concluded that the policymakers' concerns were legitimate and the imbalances could not be effectively redressed without changing the way GME is organized and financed.<sup>6-8</sup> Although many in the medical profession agree that the policymakers' concerns are legitimate, there is still no concensus within the profession as to how the GME system should be reformed to improve physician specialty
Information sharing: getting journals and books to developing countries.
Authors: T Groves
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Doctors in the world's poorest countries are not privy to the most up-to-date information about medicine, science, and technology because neither they nor libraries with which they are affiliated can afford to buy journals and books. This state of affairs exists often because donors from relatively rich countries are no longer willing or able to send money and free publications. Even when institutions, publishers, and individuals still want to help, they do not know where or how to send the information in a useful and affordable way. Many donation and distribution schemes are in place, but they have not been well publicized or coordinated in the past. The International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) was established in 1992 to support and strengthen existing programs involved in the publication, distribution, exchange, and donation of books, journals, and related materials, and to encourage new initiatives which will increase the availability of quality scientific literature. Established by the International Council of Scientific Unions and supported by the European Commission and UNESCO, the network has already compiled an extensive computerized database. This paper details institutions which have expressed a desire for academic assistance, and offers information on organizations which can provide support. Some projects provide information free of charge, while others provide it at affordable prices.
Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: 3‐chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis – a GA<sup>2</sup>LEN study
Authors: C. Bachert, N. Van Bruaene, E. Toskala, N. Zhang, H. Olze, G. Scadding, C. M. Van Drunen, J. Mullol, L. Cardell, P. Gevaert, T. Van Zele, S. Claeys, C. Halldén, K. Kostamo, U. Foerster, M. Kowalski, K. Bieniek, A. Olszewska‐Ziaber, E. Nizankowska‐Mogilnicka, A. Szczeklik, M. Swierczynska, M. Arcimowicz, V. Lund, W. Fokkens, T. Zuberbier, C. Akdis, G. Canonica, P. Van Cauwenberge, P. Burney, J. Bousquet
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common health care challenges, with significant direct medical costs and severe impact on lower airway disease and general health outcomes. The diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) currently is based on clinical signs, nasal endoscopy and CT scanning, and therapeutic recommendations are focussing on 2 classes of drugs, corticosteroids and antibiotics. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and the factors amplifying mucosal inflammation therefore seems to be crucial for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In an effort to extend knowledge in this area, the WP 2.7.2 of the GA 2 LEN network of excellence currently collects data and samples of 1000 CRS patients and 250 control subjects. The main objective of this project is to characterize patients with upper airway disease on the basis of clinical parameters, infectious agents, inflammatory mechanisms and remodeling processes. This collaborative research will result in better knowledge on patient phenotypes, pathomechanisms, and subtypes in chronic rhinosinusitis. This review summarizes the state of the art on chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis in different aspects of the disease. It defines potential gaps in the current research, and points to future research perspectives and targets.
37 A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8 TRANSMISSION IN THE SETTING OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A FATAL COMPLICATION IN HALF OF PATIENTS WITH DONOR MISMATCH
Authors: G. Pietrosi, G.B. Vizzini, P. Grossi, V. Lamonaca, G. Di Martino, P.G. Conaldi, M.I. Minervini, B. Gridelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)