tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treating Helicobacter pylori infection after surgery is unnecessary
Authors: Y T Lee, F. K L Chan, J. J Y Sung
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—We read with interest the systematic review by Danesh and colleagues of the prevalence of infection with Helicobacter pylori among patients after surgery.1 The overall prevalence of H pylori infection after partial gastrectomy was 50% and after vagotomy was 83%. This finding …
Influence of Age on Analgesic Pain Relief
Authors: Louis Lasagna
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Bellville et al (<b>217</b>:1835, 1971) present an interesting and provocative analysis of the influence of age on pain relief from analgesics. However, in their discussion they refer to an old paper by me and my former colleagues at Harvard that interprets peculiarly both our data and theirs. They interpret our findings of a relationship between placebo response and age as reflecting "a difference in sensitivity to pain and its interpretation." I have never been sure how to analyze our correlation, but believe that the facts are reasonably clear, ie, older people tend to respond to placebos with a greater frequency of beneficial response than do younger people. This was the case not only in relieving pain but also in a separate placebo study that involved the administration of inert medication designed to influence reports of energy and appetite. If our findings are correct, they have important
Consequences of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Lesions upon Insulin and Glucagon Secretion by Subsequently Isolated Perfused Pancreases in the Rat
Authors: Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud, Bernard Jeanrenaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The existence of a relationship between the ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMH) and the activity of the endocrine pancreas has been shown previously. This relationship has been further tested and extended in the present study, using isolated perfused pancreases from rats previously lesioned (4-7 d) in the VMH. It was found that in isolated pancreases obtained from rats fed ad lib. for 4 d after VMH lesions (i.e., that were hyperphagic), the typical biphasic pattern of insulin secretion was observed following glucose stimulation (20 mM) and that the total insulin output was much greater than that of controls. The increased insulin output was not a result of hyperphagia because similar results were obtained using pancreases obtained from VMH-lesioned rats in which a food restriction matching exactly that of control rats was started either immediately of 3 d after the lesions. Pancreases from such food-restricted VMH-lesioned rats oversecreted insulin, when compared with controls fed the same amount, from 7 mM of glucose concentration in perfusion medium onwards. After the addition of arginine (10 mM), the total output of glucagon by pancreases from food-restricted VMH-lesioned rats was twice that of controls. Qualitatively, the arginine-induced glucagon secretion by pancreases from food-restricted VMH-lesioned rats retained its biphasic pattern. Similarly, epinephrine (0.1 μM) elicited a greater glucagon release by pancreases from food-restricted VMH-lesioned rats when compared with controls. These data further support the concept of a link (as yet undefined) between the hypothalamus and the endocrine pancreas, as lesions of the VMH area resulted in abnormal secretion not only of insulin, but of glucagon as well.
Metagenomic Analysis of Tuberculosis in a Mummy
Authors: Jacqueline Z.-M. Chan, Martin J. Sergeant, Oona Y.-C. Lee, David E. Minnikin, Gurdyal S. Besra, Ilidkó Pap, Mark Spigelman, Helen D. Donoghue, Mark J. Pallen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Metagenomic analysis, which involves the sequencing of unenriched DNA from uncultured samples, is probably best known for its use in the analysis of microbes. Here, the method is applied to obtain the sequence of two strains of tuberculosis from a mummified human body.
Bioterrorism and compulsory vaccination: Arguments for current vaccines are based on inadequate support for older vaccines
Authors: Walter R Schumm
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Jefferson discussed some of the major flaws of the study by Brachman et al with respect to policies making certain vaccines compulsory in the US military.1 2 Additional shortcomings of the study by Brachman et al have been described in fuller detail elsewhere.3–5 For example, the often reported rate of 92.5% effectiveness for the anthrax vaccine sounds impressive but should be considered against the actual results in which 99.7% (378/379) of vaccinated workers avoided anthrax infection compared with 96.4% (399/414) of placebo workers. Thus the vaccine protected …
Effects of L-749,329, an ET<sub>A</sub>/ET<sub>B</sub>Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, in a Porcine Coronary Artery Injury Model of Vascular Restenosis
Authors: William R. Huckle, Marlene D. Drag, Wayne R. Acker, Michele Powers, Rosemary C. McFall, Daniel J. Holder, Thomas F. Walsh, Robert S. Schwartz, William J. Greenlee, Robert G. Johnson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Previous studies in animal models of angioplasty have suggested a role in neointimal hyperplasia for endothelins (ETs), potent vasoconstricting peptides that also exert growth-promoting effects. The present studies were undertaken to test the hypothesis that endothelin receptor blockade can reduce neointimal thickening in injured porcine coronary arteries.An ET(A)/ET(B) antagonist, L-749,329, was evaluated as an inhibitor of intimal thickening in a porcine balloon/stent model of coronary artery injury. L-749,329 competitively inhibited [(125)I]ET-1 binding to porcine ET(A) (IC(50) approximately 0.3 nmol/L) or ET(B) (IC(50) approximately 20 nmol/L) receptors and inhibited ET-1-stimulated signaling in cell culture. In anesthetized pigs, big ET-1-stimulated increases in systemic blood pressure were totally inhibited after intravenous infusion of L-749,329 (>/=0.2 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)). In vascular injury studies, pigs were treated with vehicle or L-749,329 (1 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)) beginning 2 days before and continuing 28 days after experimental angioplasty. Left anterior descending, left circumflex, and/or right coronary arteries were injured by inflation of an angioplasty balloon wrapped with a coiled metallic stent. After 28 days, mean neointimal thickness in the L-749,329-treated group was reduced by 9.0% compared with vehicle-treated controls, but this effect was not statistically significant (P=0.13).Blockade of endothelin receptors for 28 days with only a mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist is insufficient to substantially inhibit intimal hyperplasia after balloon/stent coronary artery injury in the pig, in contrast to results with a selective ET(A) antagonist. The effects of selective or mixed ET(A)/ET(B) antagonists in diseased vessels remain to be determined in this model.
Testing for Australia antigen.
Authors: J F Ziegenfuss
Journal: BMJ (1972)

54 patients with localized or primary malignant melanoma had circulating cytoplasmic antibody.A few patients formerly positive but who had converted to negative, and some who on clinical grounds had a primary lesion but who had negative tests for cytoplasmic antibody, were found to have developed metastatic lesions.It is postulated that the halo naevus represents a seldom seen interim stage natural protective mechanism-that is, a rejection phenomenon of malignant melanoma.It is the visualization, so to speak, of the sur- veillance system normally so effective in pre- venting malignant melanoma from developing in every individual.The study of such aspects in the behaviour of moles and melanomas raises the question not only why are halo naevi spontaneously rejected and heal, but why do malignant melanomas de- velop and persist in patients who in all other respects appear to have normal and intact immunological mechanisms.-Weare, etc.,
Gunther von Hagens' BODY WORLDS: Selling Beautiful Education
Authors: Lawrence Burns
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

In the BODY WORLDS exhibitions currently touring the United States, Gunther von Hagens displays human cadavers preserved through plastination. Whole bodies are playfully posed and exposed to educate the public. However, the educational aims are ambiguous, and some aspects of the exhibit violate human dignity. In particular, the signature cards attached to the whole-body plastinates that bear the title, the signature of Gunther von Hagens, and the date of creation mark the plastinates as artwork and von Hagens as the artist in a gesture that strips the personal dignity from the donors. I conclude that the educational use of cadavers is compatible with respect for dignity if: 1) the utility of such use is great enough; 2) there are no other ways of achieving these ends; and 3) every effort is made to honor the dignity of the donors.
Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia After Human Marrow Transplantation
Authors: JOEL D. MEYERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Thirty-three of 85 patients undergoing marrow transplantation between 1969 and 1973 developed interstitial pneumonia; 23 died. The clinical syndrome consisted of tachypnea, cough, fever, rales, and hypoxemia; the radiologic findings were variable. The development of interstitial pneumonia was significantly associated with graft-versus-host disease and allogenic grafting; patients with isogenic grafts were relatively spared. The increased attack rate between 1969-71 (20%) and 1972-73 (49%) was not fully explained by improved long-term survival, by an increased proportion of allogenic transplants, or by an increased incidence of graft-versus-host disease. Intranuclear inclusions typical of cytomegalovirus were identified in 9 of 17 autopsy-confirmed cases, and patients whose marrow donors had positive cytomegalovirus antibody titers developed interstitial pneumonia more often than patients whose donors had negative titers. Interstitial pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after human marrow transplantation. No effective treatment is presently available.
THE MEDICAL ASPECTS OF EMPYEMA.Read before the Section on Practice of Medicine at the Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: ROBERT H. BABCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It has been the writer's fortune within the past three years to encounter, both in hospital service and consultation, a number of cases of purulent pleurisy following or complicating croupous pneumonia. In most instances the onset was so insidious or the symptoms so obscure and misleading that the recognition of the empyema was a surprise. Moreover, the symptomatology did not answer to the text book description. Generally the case was considered one of pneumonia with delayed or incomplete resolution. In all instances there were certain characters, both of the effusion and also of the symptoms, which impressed themselves strongly on the writer's mind, and he was led to believe purulent pleuritis is more frequently overlooked than need be. It seemed to him also, that this want of recognition was due to incorrect notions as to the etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, rather than to treatment, or in
Longterm oral cisapride improves interdigestive antroduodenal motility in dyspeptic patients.
Authors: P A Testoni, F Bagnolo, L Fanti, S Passaretti, A Tittobello
Journal: Gut (1990)

We have evaluated the effect of cisapride on interdigestive antroduodenal motility during a prolonged oral therapy in 20 consecutive dyspeptic subjects. Individuals with less than two migrating motor complexes (MMCs) starting from the antral region in 240 minutes and without evidence of upper gastrointestinal tract diseases were randomly treated with either cisapride (10 cases), or placebo (10 cases) for 15 days. Computerised manometry of antroduodenal region was performed for 240 minutes, in basal conditions and on the 15th day of therapy. Symptomatic evaluation of patients was also performed before and after treatment. After cisapride administration, a significant increase in the incidence of antral migrating motor complexes was noticed (p = 0.022); likewise, the motility index, calculated for phase-2 periods, appeared to be significantly higher both in the antrum and in the duodenum (p less than 0.001). Symptomatic improvement was observed in both groups, with a hardly significant (p = 0.049) reduction of dyspeptic symptoms severity only but not of frequency in cisapride treated patients v controls. We conclude that longterm oral therapy with cisapride improves interdigestive antroduodenal motor activity.
Brief Communication: Pituitary Volume and Function in Competing and Retired Male Boxers
Authors: Fatih Tanriverdi, Kursad Unluhizarci, Ismail Kocyigit, Ibrahim S. Tuna, Zuleyha Karaca, Ahmet C. Durak, Ahmet Selcuklu, Felipe F. Casanueva, Fahrettin Kelestimur
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Pituitary consequences of chronic head trauma in boxing have not been investigated in detail.To investigate the pituitary function in retired or active amateur boxers.Cross-sectional, observational study.Turkey.61 actively competing (n = 44) or retired (n = 17) male boxers of the Turkish National Boxing Team.Body composition variables, pituitary volume (in 38 of 61 boxers), and pituitary function.9 of 61 boxers (15%) had growth hormone (GH) deficiency and 5 of 61 boxers (8%) had adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency. All boxers with GH deficiency except 1 were retired from boxing. Of 17 retired boxers, 8 (47%) had GH deficiency. Retired boxers with GH deficiency had significantly lower pituitary volume than retired boxers with normal GH.Pituitary volume was measured in only 38 of 61 boxers, and the study had no comparison group.This study suggests that retired boxers have a high rate of pituitary dysfunction. Therefore, investigation of pituitary function in boxers, particularly retired ones, is recommended.
Antihypertensive Agents
Authors: Edward D. Freis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE apparent great variety of antihypertensive agents represents for the most part minor variations on a few prototype compounds. The more effective antihypertensive drugs can be included under the following groupings: saluretic agents; rauwolfia preparations; hydralazine; ganglion-blocking drugs; and sympathetic-blocking agents.Saluretic AgentsChlorothiazide and the many varieties of related benzothiadiazine derivatives are used widely in the treatment of hypertension not only for their modest intrinsic antihypertensive effect but also for their ability to enhance the blood-pressure-reducing activity of other drugs. Benzothiadiazines act on the proximal and distal convoluted tubules to increase the excretion of sodium, chloride and potassium.When . . .
Interaction between carbamazepine and warfarin.
Authors: J R Ross, L Beeley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Biochemical and haematological variables in vegetariansRelatively little is known about the long-term consequences of a vegetarian diet.Vegetarians have lower serum cholesterol concentra- tions than non-vegetarians' and Seventh-Day Adventists in the United States of America appear to have a lower prevalence of ischaemic heart disease than the general population.2On the other Plasma calcium: 1 mmol 1_ 4-0 mg 100 msl.
New real-time two dimensional-assisted measurement of myocardial regional acoustic properties in the coronary care unit: On-line calculation and display of backscatter data
Authors: Julio E. Perez, Alan D. Waggoner, James G. Miller, H.E. Melton, Allan S. Jaffe, Benico Barzilai, Burton E. Sobel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Development of Impaired Glucose Tolerance With or Without Weight Gain
Authors: Marie A Charles, David J Pettitt, Mohammed F Saad, Robert G Nelson, Peter H Bennett, William C Knowler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether risk factors and changes in insulin concentrations differ in subjects who develop impaired glucose tolerance with or without weight gain. Hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin concentrations increase further with the development of impaired glucose tolerance. Its development, however, often is accompanied by weight gain, which, by itself, is associated with high insulin concentrations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants for this study were adult Pima Indians involved in an ongoing epidemiological study. Initially, all had normal glucose tolerance. During follow-up, 80 of 387 who did not gain weight developed impaired glucose tolerance, as did 295 of 1026 who gained weight. Risk factors for impaired glucose tolerance and the relationships between changes in weight and glucose and changes in insulin were evaluated by multivariate analyses. RESULTS High baseline fasting insulin predicted impaired glucose tolerance regardless of weight after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and glucose. The development of impaired glucose tolerance was accompanied by a further increase in fasting and 2-h insulin, whether or not subjects gained weight. In both weight-change groups, impaired glucose tolerance was associated with more centralized fat distribution. CONCLUSIONS Fasting hyperinsulinemia, a reflection of insulin resistance, is associated with the risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance whether or not weight is gained. Impaired glucose tolerance occurs when insulin resistance increases further. Weight gain is the most common precipitating factor. Aging and physical inactivity are other possible precipitating factors.
Safety and Efficacy of Long-Term Co-Administration of Fenofibrate and Ezetimibe in Patients With Mixed Hyperlipidemia
Authors: James M. McKenney, Michel Farnier, Kwok-Wing Lo, Harold E. Bays, Inna Perevozkaya, Gary Carlson, Michael J. Davies, Yale B. Mitchel, Barry Gumbiner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
'The Play's the Thing' During This Centennial
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<i>GRAY'S ANATOMY</i>goes on stage for the next two weekends in St Louis, Mo, as part of the Washington University School of Medicine's centennial celebration. This isn't a dramatization of the venerable textbook. Rather, in what probably is the first commissioning of a play by a medical school marking its centennial, Washington University is seeking to address some of today's professional concerns through turn-of-the-century stage situations. In collaboration with the university's
SENSORY DEPRIVATION AND PERSONALITY
Authors: HENRY U. GRUNEBAUM, SANFORD J. FREEDMAN, MILTON GREENBLATT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

1. We found no relationship between gross clinical ratings of "ego-integrity" and the production of perceptual aberrations in this experiment. 2. Imagery occurs in subjects who habitually have hypnagogic imagery, both healthy and unhealthy. Less healthy subjects are more likely to interact with their imagery in an emotional way due to impared reality testing. 3. Sensory deprivation is an ambiguous situation which the subject structures according to his own personality and handles with his habitual adaptive and defensive resources. 4. We believe that sensory deprivation does not shed much light on the psychodynamics of personality save for reactions to solitude and loneliness. It does, however, offer unique opportunity for the study of the interrelations of the various components of the perceptual apparatus and for the elucidation of the nature and meaning of hypnagogic imagery. For these studies more careful perceptual measurements and more sensitive techniques permitting greater insight into the relationship of imagery to personality are necessary.
Follow up of hypertension by family practitioners: Authors' reply
Authors: Richard V Birtwhistle, Marshall S Godwin, M Dianne Delva, R Ian Casson, Miu Lam
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Random drug testing in schools fails screening criteriaEditor-Last month the prime minister, Tony Blair, lent his weight to random drug testing in schools in an interview for a downmarket newspaper. 1He proposed a national programme be implemented soon, adhering to unspecified central directives.The Department of Health has 19 criteria for introducing new screening programmes. 2 At least 18 of these 19 criteria are not met for widespread, wide spectrum drug urine analysis in schools.The remaining criterion is that the condition is an important health problem.Drug use in young people is indeed associated with many health risks, 3 but a single, positive urine test, for any illicit drug, is probably not meaningful in a clinical sense.Each schoolchild's context of use (family history, social and emotional development) is crucial to interpreting any supposed "drug career."Use by a homeless pregnant teenage runaway from local authority care with a history of deliberate self harm and high risk sex work to pay for her drugs may be very different from a single experimental use at home with adults during a family party.Three failed criteria are especially pertinent to screening for school age drug use:(1) There should be an agreed policy on the further diagnostic investigation of people with a positive test result and on the choices available to them.(2) There should be an effective treatment or intervention for patients identified through early detection.(3) Clinical management of the condition and patient outcomes should be optimised by all healthcare providers before participation in a screening programme.In three years of experience of school health provision for alcohol and drug problems and their related referral networks I do not know of one school that could satisfy these criteria, especially the underpinning policy of promoting informed choice for children and families. 2
Abstract IA7: Development of integrated diagnostic methods for tissue testing
Authors: Gary A. Pestano
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Identification of patients who will benefit from targeted therapies, or who have highly aggressive disease courses are among the more difficult questions in disease management. We continue to address these questions in ongoing studies that include the development of integrated diagnostic test methods as IVD assays. These tests may better account for tissue heterogeneity, assess multiple gene re-arrangements, protein over-expression, and nuclei change parameters in individual transformed nuclei. Specific results from studies will be discussed for the prostate. The ETS rearranged genes are the most common in prostate cancer, but it is expected men with diagnosed prostate cancer will have harbor additional genetic rearrangements that may be also reflected by alterations in nuclear morphology. In addition, prostate cancers with productive gene fusions results in the over-expression of oncogenic transcription factors, including in ERG. Alterations in nuclear morphology, gene fusion status, and the downstream factors they impact may serve as potential therapeutic targets, or may be linked to poor disease prognoses. We describe an integrated testing strategy that can be applied to various stages of disease progression from an initial diagnosis on biopsy for PIN and low-risk disease, to advanced disease involving extra-capsular penetration and recurrence. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: Gary A. Pestano. Development of integrated diagnostic methods for tissue testing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA7.