tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From Reversed Halo Sign to Halo Sign: Unusual Centripetal Growing of a Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cristiano Rampinelli, Vittoria Vecchi, Massimo Bellomi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

A reversed halo sign, which is a focal rounded area of ground-glass attenuation surrounded by a more or less complete ring of consolidation,1Hansell DM Bankier AA MacMahon H McLoud TC Müller NL Remy J Fleischner Society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging.Radiology. 2008; 246: 697-722Crossref PubMed Scopus (2707) Google Scholar was observed in the right lower lobe of a 73-year-old woman with a history of lung carcinoid on a follow-up chest computed tomography scan (Fig. 1A). During the following 10 years, this finding was monitored on computed tomography and showed a stable size of 23 mm but a progressive centripetal increase in attenuation: a gradual reversing from reversed halo sign to halo sign was observed (Fig. 1B, C). A final histological diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma was made. The reversed halo sign, also known as the Atoll sign, was first described as being relatively specific for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia but was later observed in several other infectious and noninfectious diseases, including rare cases of lung adenocarcinoma.2Godoy MC Viswanathan C Marchiori E et al.The reversed halo sign: update and differential diagnosis.Br J Radiol. 2012; 85: 1226-1235Crossref PubMed Scopus (104) Google Scholar Typically, we are used to see a dimensional growth of the nodule associated with an homogeneous increasing in attenuation. To the best of our knowledge, the observed reversing behavior has never been reported previously: a slow and progressive centripetal increase in attenuation with stable dimension, form reversed halo sign to halo sign, can be observed in lung adenocarcinoma.
THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF HYPERTROPHIC RHINITIS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: J. L. GOODALE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The chronic inflammations of the intranasal structures in children possess especial interest from the fact that a knowledge of their nature may be expected to furnish the key to several obscure pathologic conditions of later life. Nevertheless, our information regarding the early stages of these affections is extremely meager, and a fruitful field is still here open for investigation. Without discussing the relation to each other of the various forms of inflammation within the nose. I present the histologic descriptions of three cases of hypertrophic rhinitis in children. As will be seen, they exhibit an essential similarity to each other in both clinical and pathologic characteristics. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —The patient, a girl 10 years of age, was brought to the clinic for nasal obstruction of one year's duration. Examination showed a pale, poorly nourished child. The tonsils were slightly larger than normal and there was a small amount of non-obstructive
"Give-Away Journals"
Authors: Thomas S. Fleming
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I frankly disagree with Silverman that these should be discontinued. It is possible that the young must spend much time with other studies, but at my age these journals are a great help. I like to keep informed on most subjects, and to do away with these magazines and journals would create a great void in my life.
Colombian doctors are killed as their neutrality is ignored
Authors: Owain Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Attacks against Colombian medical staff are rising because the country's rebel groups no longer respect their neutrality, a new report by the country's civil rights ombudsman says.

Ombudsman Eduardo Cifuentes said that 32 doctors and paramedics have been killed so far in 2002, while eight others are missing. A further 180 doctors have been forced to resign their jobs and leave their homes after receiving death threats, while attacks on medical staff in some areas are up by more …
Overdose deaths drop after Florida cracks down on prescribers
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Florida saw a sharp fall in deaths from drug overdose after the state implemented a series of measures to curtail inappropriate prescribing of opioid pain relievers and benzodiazepines, a new report by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has said.1 “These changes,” the researchers wrote, “might represent the first documented substantial decline in drug overdose mortality in any state during the past 10 years.”

From …
CICATRICIAL STENOSIS OF THE ESOPHAGUS CAUSED BY COMMERCIAL LYE PREPARATIONS
Authors: LOUIS H. CLERF
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Sad cases of esophageal burns from swallowing caustic alkalis continue to be seen at the Bronchoscopic Clinic, in various degrees of food and water starvation from esophageal stenosis. During the last sixteen months, twenty cases were admitted, a brief synopsis of which will be given. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —A boy, aged 31/2 years, sent to the clinic by Dr. Lawrence Lee, Aug. 26, 1921, was very ill, markedly emaciated, and could swallow neither food nor water; even saliva was regurgitated. He coughed almost continuously because of the overflow of saliva into the larynx. His weight was 16 pounds, 14 ounces (about 7.7 kg.). Almost eight months before admission, the child drank of a solution of "Sterling Lye," found among other articles in a smokehouse. There was immediate dysphagia, which increased, and emaciation became extreme. Gastrostomy was done two months after the accident. On admission, Dr. F. F. Borzell,
T Cell-Specific Loss of Pten Leads to Defects in Central and Peripheral Tolerance
Authors: Akira Suzuki, Manae Tsukio Yamaguchi, Toshiaki Ohteki, Takehiko Sasaki, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Yuki Kimura, Ritsuko Yoshida, Andrew Wakeham, Tetsuya Higuchi, Manabu Fukumoto, Takeshi Tsubata, Pamela S Ohashi, Shigeo Koyasu, Josef M Penninger, Toru Nakano, Tak W Mak
Journal: Immunity (2001)
The relevance of morphometry in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous T cell lymphomas
Authors: E.M. LOO, W.A. VLOTEN, C.J. CORNELISSE, E. SCHEFFER, C.J.L.M. MEIJER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Morphometric analysis of lymphoid cells in the skin was used to differentiate between cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), i.e. mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), and chronic benign skin diseases. In electronmicrographs of the skin lesions from twenty patients with CTCL (group I), fourteen patients with chronic benign skin diseases (group II) and twenty-nine patients suspected of CTCL (group III), the degree of nuclear indentation of lymphoid cells, expressed as the nuclear contour index (NCI), was measured. Analysis of the NCI histograms of the infiltrating cells of group I and group II permitted us to derive classification criteria for allocating all patients correctly with a high probability (greater than or equal to 95%) in the appropriate group. Only one case was classified with a low probability (71%). The classification criteria are based on the presence of cerebriform mononuclear cells (CMC) with highly indented nuclei (NCI greater than or equal to 11.5) and the frequency distribution of CMC in the skin infiltrates expressed as the 25th and the 70th percentiles of the NCI histograms (P25 + P70). When these criteria were tested on twenty-nine patients suspected of CTCL, twenty cases were classified as malignant, nine as benign. During the follow-up period, out of the twenty patients classified as malignant, seventeen patients appeared to have or develop MF, whereas two patients had lymphomatoid papulosis and one patient is still suspected of MF. Of the nine patients classified as benign, eight patients were proven to have benign skin diseases whereas one developed MF in the follow-up period of up to 4 years. The classification results based on morphometry proved to be more sensitive than those based on DNA cytophotometry. It is concluded that morphometric analysis of lymphoid cells in the skin is of diagnostic relevance in the differential diagnosis of CTCL.
Effects of obesity and hypertension on ventricular myocytes: comparison of cells from adult SHHF/Mcc-cp and JCR:LA-cp rats
Authors: C. M Hohl, B. Hu, R. H Fertel, J. C Russell, S. A McCune, R. A Altschuld
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aim was to compare beta adrenergic receptors, cAMP production, and Ca2+ accumulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in ventricular cardiomyocytes from female SHHF/Mcc-cp and JCR:LA-cp rats. Whereas rats from both strains exhibit gross obesity when the animals are homozygous for the recessive "corpulent" gene, the SHHF rats, which are hypertensive, all develop heart failure during their second year of life. The normotensive JCR:LA-cp animals do not.beta Adrenergic receptor number, ligand affinity, isoprenaline and forskolin stimulated cyclic AMP production, and ATP dependent, phosphate supported 45Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum were compared in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from 6 months old obese female SHHF/Mcc-cp and obese and lean female JCR:LA-cp rats.Bmax and Kd for (-)-[125iodo]-cyanopindolol (125ICYP) binding were each approximately 50% lower in SHHF/Mcc-cp v JCR:LA-cp myocytes. Cyclic AMP production in response to isoprenaline, isoprenaline plus isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), and forskolin plus IBMX was also significantly depressed in the SHHF/Mcc-cp cells. In addition, sarcoplasmic reticular 45Ca2+ uptake by SHHF/Mcc-cp cells was 35% lower than in lean or obese JCR:LA-cp myocytes. Isoprenaline stimulated cAMP production and sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ uptake by the lean JCR:LA-cp cells were comparable to that described previously for myocytes from normal Sprague-Dawley rats. By contrast, Bmax and Kd for 125ICYP binding by the JCR myocytes differed substantially from previously described results for normal Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas values for the SHHF cells did not.Declines in Ca sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of ventricular cardiomyocytes from obese, hypertensive SHHF rats are not related to their obesity. However, obesity may contribute to the decline in cAMP production. This may account, in part, for the exacerbation by obesity of cardiac dysfunction in essential hypertension.
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines transports chemokines and supports their promigratory activity
Authors: Monika Pruenster, Liesbeth Mudde, Paula Bombosi, Svetla Dimitrova, Marion Zsak, Jim Middleton, Ann Richmond, Gerard J Graham, Stephan Segerer, Robert J B Nibbs, Antal Rot
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Medical Education and Practice in People's Republic of China
Authors: TSUNG O. CHENG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A dramatic adaptation of medical education to meet indigenous needs and circumstances has occurred in the People's Republic of China in the context of a highly structured health care delivery and medical referral system, entailing a reduction in curriculum length from 6 to 3 years. Although general directions and guidelines are set centrally by Peking, considerable autonomy and flexibility exist in individual schools. The innovative approaches used include training medical students in the countryside and factories as well as medical schools, combining traditional Chinese and modern Western medicine, opening hospital-run medical schools, and using unconventional methods of producing medical doctors. On graduation the students generally return to the communities from which they came. Although the total number of medical graduates still falls short of national requirements, the problem of maldistribution of physicians has been alleviated in China. Medical care is now readily available in rural areas, where 80% of the population resides.
Follicular lymphoma: 2014 update on diagnosis and management
Authors: Arnold Freedman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Disease overview Follicular lymphoma is generally an indolent B cell lymphoproliferative disorder of transformed follicular center B cells. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by diffuse lymphoadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, splenomegaly, and less commonly other extranodal sites of involvement. In general cytopenias can occur but constitutional symptoms of fever, nightsweats, and weight loss are uncommon. Diagnosis Diagnosis is based on histology of preferably a biopsy of a lymph node. Immunohistochemical staining is positive in virtually all cases for cell surface CD19, CD20, CD10, and monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytoplasmic expression of bcl‐2 protein. The overwhelming majority of cases have the characteristic t(14;18) translocation involving the IgH/bcl‐2 genes. Risk stratification The Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index prognostic model for FL uses five independent predictors of inferior survival: age &gt;60 years, hemoglobin &lt;12 g/dL, serum LDH &gt; normal, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, number of involved nodal areas &gt; 4. The presence of 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 adverse factors defines low, intermediate, and high‐risk disease. With the use of more modern therapies, outcomes have improved. Risk‐adapted therapy Observation continues to be adequate for asymptomatic patients with low bulk disease and no cytopenias. For patients needing therapy, most patients are treated with chemotherapy plus rituximab, which has improved response rates, duration of response and overall survival. Randomized studies have shown additional benefit for maintenance rituximab both following chemotherapy‐rituximab and single agent rituximab. Experimental therapies as well as stem cell transplantation (SCT) are considered for recurrent disease. Am. J. Hematol. 89:430–436, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relaxin is essential for renal vasodilation during pregnancy in conscious rats
Authors: J. Novak, L.A. Danielson, L.J. Kerchner, O.D. Sherwood, R.J. Ramirez, P.A. Moalli, K.P. Conrad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Marked vasodilation in the kidney and other nonreproductive organs is one of the earliest maternal adaptations to occur during pregnancy. Despite the recognition of this extraordinary physiology for over four decades, the gestational hormone responsible has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate a key role for relaxin, a member of the IGF family that is secreted by the corpus luteum in humans and rodents. Using a gravid rodent model, we employ two approaches to eliminate relaxin or its biological activity from the circulation: ovariectomy and administration of neutralizing antibodies. Both abrogate the gestational elevation in renal perfusion and glomerular filtration, as well as preventing the reduction in myogenic reactivity of isolated, small renal arteries. Osmoregulatory changes, another pregnancy adaptation, are also abolished. Our results indicate that relaxin mediates the renal vasodilatory responses to pregnancy and thus may be important for maternal and fetal health. They also raise the likelihood of a role for relaxin in other cardiovascular changes of pregnancy, and they suggest that, like estrogen, relaxin should be considered a regulator of cardiovascular function.
Case of Idiopathic Tetanus successfully treated
Authors: T. B. Peacock
Journal: BMJ (1850)

16CASE OF IDIOPATHIC TETAXUS.suddenly recovered his consciousness, and was able to speak, though very imperfectly; but the other symptoms remained unabated.He gradually sank, and died on the morning of the thirteenth day; the ex- traordinary secretion of sweat and urine continuing to the last.There was no dissection.Here, again, the symptoms of disturbance in the nervous centres, and the abnormal excitement of the secreting organs, were coincident.Torquay, November 27, 1849.
Long-Term Kinetics of Serum and Xanthoma Cholesterol Radioactivity in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Paul Samuel, William Perl, Charles M. Holtzman, Norman D. Rochman, Sidney Lieberman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

In four patients with hypercholesterolemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia) and xanthomatosis the decay of serum cholesterol specific activity was followed for 53-63 wk after pulse labeling. Specific activity of biopsied xanthoma cholesterol was measured four times in the course of the study. The xanthoma specific activity curve crossed and thereafter remained above the serum specific activity curve. The average ratio of xanthoma to serum specific activity was 4.7 at the end of the study. The final half-time of the xanthoma decay curves was significantly greater (average: 200 days) than the slowest half-time of serum specific activity decay (average: 93 days). The data were analyzed by input-output analysis and yielded the following results. The average value for the total input rate of body cholesterol (I(T)) (sum of dietary and biosynthesized cholesterol) was 1.29 g/day. The average size of the rapidly miscible pool of cholesterol (M(a)) was 55.7 g. and of the total exchangeable body mass of cholesterol (M) 116.5 g. The average value of M - M(a) (remaining exchangeable mass of cholesterol) was 60.8 g. The derived values for exchangeable masses of cholesterol, in the present patients with marked hypercholesterolemia, were significantly larger than in a group of patients with normal serum lipids in previous studies. One of the four patients died of a sudden acute myocardial infarction 53 wk after pulse labeling. Specific activity of aortic wall and atheroma cholesterol was 3.12 times that of serum. The ratio was close to 2 for adipose tissue and spleen, and was slightly above 1 or was close to unity in most other organs studied, with the exception of brain which showed a ratio of 0.19.
Under construction: building a safer industry.
Authors: John Tibbetts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A revolution in the building industry over the past decade has spawned a new generation of safer materials and practices, decreasing some health risks for construction workers. Concerned consumers, builders, materials manufacturers, and government regulatory agencies have all contributed to a turn toward "green" building materials and practices, meaning that homeowners and office workers now are better able to live and work in healthier environments, and many construction workers are handling and installing less-toxic materials.
Contribution of general practitioners to hospital intrapartum care in maternity units in England and Wales in 1988.
Authors: L F Smith, D Jewell
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To ascertain the contribution of general practitioners to hospital intrapartum care in 1988. DESIGN--Confidential postal questionnaire. SETTING--All maternity units in England and Wales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Type of general practitioner unit (if any); number of bookings, transfers, and deliveries by general practitioners; participation of general practitioners in the policy and audit of the unit. RESULTS--277 (93%) of 297 units replied. Of 611,644 deliveries, 36,043 (5.9%) were under general practitioner care. In all, 228 units permitted general practitioners to book women under their sole care: 65 were isolated, 29 alongside, and 134 integrated general practitioner units. Alongside units had significantly more bookings (568), antenatal transfers (69), intrapartum transfers (86), and deliveries (387) compared with isolated units (185, 18, 16, and 125, respectively) and integrated units (106, 18, 18, and 52) (p less than 0.001 for all differences). The percentage of women booked by general practitioners transferred either before or during labour was independent of both the type of unit and the number of general practitioner bookings. General practitioners in consultant units were significantly less likely to attend meetings reviewing perinatal mortality (p less than 0.01), and these units were less likely to have any form of general practitioner-consultant liaison committee (p less than 0.001) compared with general practitioner units as a whole. Compared with those in isolated and alongside units, general practitioners in integrated units were less likely to have taken part in deciding the unit9s booking policy (p less than 0.01) and consultants more likely to be the final determinant of whether a general practitioner should be permitted to practice within the unit (p less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS--Both the number of deliveries booked by general practitioners and the number of isolated general practitioner units have fallen. Transfer from general practitioner to consultant care was independent of the general practitioner unit9s caseload or the type of unit. General practitioner units differ from consultant units in important ways and differ among themselves as well. Except in remote areas, alongside units may be the ideal type of unit to encourage general practitioners to continue to provide intrapartum care.
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Responses to Smoking in Tobacco Smokers After Overnight Abstinence
Authors: Jon-Kar Zubieta, Mary M. Heitzeg, Yanjun Xu, Robert A. Koeppe, Lisong Ni, Sally Guthrie, Edward F. Domino
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of cigarette smoking on brain regional function in a group of chronic smokers by using cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures and positron emission tomography (PET). METHOD: Nineteen tobacco smokers were studied after about 12 hours of smoking abstinence. Regional CBF (rCBF) measures were obtained with PET and [15O]H2O in six consecutive scans. Two average-nicotine-yield (1.0 mg) and one denicotinized (0.08 mg) research cigarettes with similar tar yields (9.5 mg and 9.1 mg, respectively) were smoked in a double-blind design, preceded and followed by baseline scans. The rCBF effects of smoking were compared to baseline measures and between cigarettes, as well as to subjective ratings of craving for cigarettes. RESULTS: Smoking the first cigarette of the day resulted in increases in rCBF in the visual cortex and the cerebellum and reductions in the anterior cingulate, the right hippocampus, and the ventral striatum, including the nucleus accumbens. Cigarette craving scores correlated with rCBF changes in the dorsal anterior cingulate and right hippocampus. Less pronounced effects were observed with the second cigarette and the denicotinized cigarette. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking affects rCBF not only in areas of the brain rich in nicotinic cholinergic receptors but also in areas implicated in the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. Furthermore, craving for a cigarette in chronic smokers was correlated with rCBF in the right hippocampus, an area involved in associating environmental cues with drugs, and in the left dorsal anterior cingulate, an area implicated in drug craving and relapse to drug-seeking behavior.