tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tocopherol Deficiency in Man
Authors: Henry J. Binder, David C. Herting, Victor Hurst, Stuart C. Finch, Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE pathophysiologic effects of vitamin E deficiency in man remain uncertain some forty years after isolation and purification of this vitamin. Although tocopherol depletion in infants and children with steatorrhea is well documented, no clear-cut clinical syndrome secondary to tocopherol deficiency is recognized.1 , 2 Certain in vitro phenomena of unknown physiologic significance have been noted, however.1 2 3 This report describes some observations on a group of patients in whom vitamin E deficiency secondary to steatorrhea developed. Certain physiologic and morphologic changes secondary to tocopherol deficiency were evident and may be more extensive than those described previously in man.Materials and MethodsBlood . . .
Inhibition of thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation of protein kinase, glucose oxidation, and phospholipid synthesis in thyroid slices previously exposed to the hormone.
Authors: J B Field, G Bloom, C Chou, M E Kerins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Prior exposure of thyroid slices to thyrotropin (TSH) induced refractoriness to subsequent stimulation of the cyclic AMP system by the hormone. Although the inhibition is incomplete, we examined whether the reduction in cyclic AMP was sufficient to alter other metabolic effects of TSH. Bovine or dog thyroid slices were incubated with or without 5-100 mU/ml TSH for 1-2h, washed, and then incubated without hormone for 1-2h. Half of the slices not exposed to TSH initially were then incubated with buffer and half were exposed to 5-100 mU/ml TSH. Slices initially incubated with TSH were also incubated with or without TSH in the third incubation. During the refractory period, TSH activation of protein kinase was inhibited even though the hormone still caused some increase in cyclic AMP concentrations. However, protein kinase activity was fully responsive to dibutyryl cyclic AMP when slices were incubated with it during the third incubation. Stimulation of glucose oxidation by TSH was significantly decreased in thyroid slices previously incubated with the hormone. During refractoriness, stimulation of glucose oxidation caused by prostaglandin E1 and dibutyryl cyclic AMP was also significantly diminished but that due to acetylcholine was not. Thus even though dibutyryl cyclic AMP could fully activate protein kinase activity during refractoriness, its effect on glucose oxidation was still inhibited, suggesting that the metabolic block responsible for this refractoriness was distal to activation of protein kinase. Stimulation of 32Pi incorporation into phospholipid by TSH and acetylcholine was also inhibited during refractoriness. Despite reduction of the stimulatory effect of TSH, binding of 125ITSH was not modified by prior incubation of thyroid slices with TSH. These results indicate that changes in the TSH receptor are not responsible for the development of refractoriness and other metabolic sites besides activation of adenylate cyclase appear to be involved.
Association Between Cardiovascular Outcomes and Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Older Women
Authors: Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Bruce Psaty, Philip Greenland, Albert Oberman, Theodore Kotchen, Charles Mouton, Henry Black, Aaron Aragaki, Maurizio Trevisan
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Diuretic-based therapy is at least as effective as newer classes of agents for hypertension. However, many patients with hypertension require treatment with more than 1 drug class to achieve blood pressure control. The relative benefits or risks of 2-drug-class combinations are not well known.To prospectively evaluate if there are differences in cardiovascular mortality among postmenopausal women with hypertension but no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) treated with different classes of antihypertensive agents, singly or in combination.Women with hypertension enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a longitudinal multicenter cohort study of 93 676 women aged 50 to 79 years at baseline (1994-1998), assessed for a mean of 5.9 years.Relationship between baseline use of ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or diuretics, or a combination of these, and incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, and CVD mortality.Among 30,219 women with hypertension but no history of CVD, 19,889 were receiving pharmacological antihypertensive treatment, of whom 11,294 (57%) [corrected] were receiving monotherapy with an ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, or diuretic, and 4493 (23%) were treated at baseline with a combination of diuretic plus either ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, or calcium channel blocker or ACE inhibitor plus calcium channel blocker. Monotherapy with calcium channel blockers vs diuretics was associated with greater risk of CVD death (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.35), controlling for multiple covariates. Women treated with a diuretic plus a calcium channel blocker had an 85% greater risk of CVD death vs those treated with a diuretic plus a beta-blocker, after adjustment for age, race, smoking, high cholesterol levels requiring medication, body mass index, physical activity, use of hormone therapy, and diabetes. After exclusion of women with diabetes the hazard ratio was 2.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-4.03). Analyses adjusting for propensity to be receiving a particular treatment did not change the results. For morbid events of coronary heart disease or stroke, diuretics plus ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers did not differ from diuretics plus beta-blockers.Among women with hypertension but no history of CVD, a 2-drug-class regimen of calcium channel blockers plus diuretics was associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality vs beta-blockers plus diuretics. Risks were similar for ACE inhibitors plus diuretics and beta-blockers plus diuretics. Monotherapy with diuretics was equal or superior to other monotherapy in preventing CVD complications of high blood pressure.
Relationship of Physician Volume With Process Measures and Outcomes in Diabetes
Authors: Alexander Turchin, Maria Shubina, Merri L. Pendergrass
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The volume of patients cared for by an individual physician (physician volume) has been linked to improved outcomes for a number of conditions. It is not known whether a similar association exists for treatment of diabetes. In this study we aimed to determine whether physician volume is associated with improved process measures and outcomes in diabetes care.This retrospective cohort study analyzed electronic medical records data for 7,120 patients with diabetes treated by 368 primary care physicians at practices affiliated with two large academic hospitals. The associations between physician volume of diabetic patients (diabetes volume) and annual A1C and LDL testing, as well as blood pressure, A1C, and LDL levels, were evaluated.In multivariable analysis, absolute diabetes volume was linked to decreased odds of A1C testing (4% less for each additional patient seen; P = 0.05), and relative diabetes volume (fraction of the total patients seen who had diabetes) was associated with decreased odds of both A1C (25% less for every 10% increase in the number of diabetic patients seen annually; P = 0.03) and LDL testing (20% less for every 10% increase in the number of diabetic patients; P < 0.001). Physician volume was not significantly associated with the odds of blood pressure, A1C, or LDL control at the end of the study.Higher physician volume in care of diabetic patients is associated with decreased adherence to surveillance guidelines and no measurable difference in treatment outcomes.
T cell–mediated reactions to iodinated contrast media: Evaluation by skin and lymphocyte activation tests
Authors: Gisèle Kanny, Werner Pichler, Martine Morisset, Patricia Franck, Béatrice Marie, Chantal Kohler, Jean-Marie Renaudin, Etienne Beaudouin, Jean Sainte Laudy, D. Anne Moneret-Vautrin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Des-γ-carboxy (abnormal) prothrombin and hepatocellular carcinoma: A critical review
Authors: Ilene C. Weitz, Howard A. Liebman
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) appears to be a useful tumor marker for the evaluation of patients with HCC. DCP is produced by the malignant hepatocyte and appears to result from an acquired posttranslational defect in the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase system. DCP production is independent of vitamin K deficiency, although pharmacological doses of vitamin K can transiently suppress DCP production in some tumors. DCP levels greater than 0.1 AU/ml (100 ng/ml) on ELISA are highly suggestive of HCC or tumor recurrence. Normalization of DCP levels correlates well with successful tumor resection and appears to be an excellent marker of tumor activity. Plasma DCP does not correlate with AFP levels. However, when used together, DCP and AFP assays increase the sensitivity to HCC in more than 85% of patients. The specificity of the DCP assay appears to be superior to that of AFP; fewer than 5% of patients with nonmalignant liver disorders have DCP levels in excess of 100 ng/ml. In patients with medium to large HCC, DCP levels do correlate with tumor size. In tumors of less than 3 cm, DCP levels are increased in only 20% of patients. However, the diagnostic threshold for the DCP assay may be improved by newer assays that can detect partially carboxylated DCP species not measured by the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA.
Changes in mitochondrial calcium concentration during the cardiac contraction cycle
Authors: G. Isenberg, S. Han, A. Schiefer, M.-F. Wendt-Gallitelli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Changes in mitochondrial calcium concentration during the cardiac contraction cycle Get access Gerrit Isenberg, Gerrit Isenberg Department of Physiology, University of Cologne, R-Koch-Str 49, 50924 Köln, Germany: G Isenberg, S Han, A Schiefer; Department of Physiology, University of Töbingen, Gmelinstr 5, Tübingen, Germany: M-F Wendt-Gallitelli. Correspondence to Dr Isenberg. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Song Han, Song Han Department of Physiology, University of Cologne, R-Koch-Str 49, 50924 Köln, Germany: G Isenberg, S Han, A Schiefer; Department of Physiology, University of Töbingen, Gmelinstr 5, Tübingen, Germany: M-F Wendt-Gallitelli. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alfred Schiefer, Alfred Schiefer Department of Physiology, University of Cologne, R-Koch-Str 49, 50924 Köln, Germany: G Isenberg, S Han, A Schiefer; Department of Physiology, University of Töbingen, Gmelinstr 5, Tübingen, Germany: M-F Wendt-Gallitelli. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maria-Fiora Wendt-Gallitelli Maria-Fiora Wendt-Gallitelli Department of Physiology, University of Cologne, R-Koch-Str 49, 50924 Köln, Germany: G Isenberg, S Han, A Schiefer; Department of Physiology, University of Töbingen, Gmelinstr 5, Tübingen, Germany: M-F Wendt-Gallitelli. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 10, October 1993, Pages 1800–1809, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.10.1800 Published: 01 October 1993 Article history Received: 09 February 1993 Accepted: 05 July 1993 Published: 01 October 1993
Follicle-stimulating Hormone and Human Spermatogenesis
Authors: William J. Bremner, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Allen M. Sussman, C. Alvin Paulsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the control of spermatogenesis is not well established in any species, including man. We studied the effect of an experimentally-induced, selective FSH deficiency on sperm production in normal men. After a 3-mo control period, five normal men received testosterone enanthate (T) 200 mg i. m. weekly to suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH, until three successive sperm counts revealed azoospermia or severe oligospermia (sperm counts <3 million/ml). Then, while continuing T, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 5,000 IU i. m. three times weekly was administered simultaneously to replace LH activity, leaving FSH activity suppressed. The effect of the selective FSH deficiency produced by hCG plus T administration on sperm production was determined.
“IF-pathies”: a broad spectrum of intermediate filament–associated diseases
Authors: M. Bishr Omary
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Intermediate filaments (IFs) are encoded by the largest gene family among the three major cytoskeletal protein groups. Unique IF compliments are expressed in selective cell types, and this expression is reflected in their involvement, upon mutation, as a cause of or predisposition to more than 80 human tissue-specific diseases. This Review Series covers diseases and functional and structural aspects pertaining to IFs and highlights the molecular and functional consequences of IF-associated diseases (IF-pathies). Exciting challenges and opportunities face the IF field, including developing both a better understanding of the pathogenesis of IF-pathies and targeted therapeutic approaches.
Heterosexually acquired HIV infection.
Authors: D. C. Skegg
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The import of the HIV or AIDS epidemic for heterosexuals in Britain is difficult to evaluate at this stage. By June 1988, only 60 cases of heterosexually acquired AIDS are known, out of 1598 reported AIDS cases. Of these, only 6 women and 4 men presumably were infected in Britain, the rest abroad. But, judging from HIV seroprevalence surveys, heterosexually acquired HIV is emerging in Britain. 0.8% of heterosexual men and 0.7% of heterosexual women surveyed in London, among clients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic were positive, under anonymous testing. Actual seroprevalence rates are difficult to come by, since different rates are obtained when people are tested anonymously or with consent. The actual likelihood predicted for an epidemic of heterosexual AIDS in England is problematic. The epidemiological prediction, known as the basic reproductive rate, depends on the duration of infectiousness, the average probability that infection will be transmitted, and the rate of exposure to new partners. For AIDS, infectivity is higher in the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases and immune system activation. Experts calculate that the reproductive rate for HIV in the British population is close to 1.0, meaning a very slow spread, if any. Thus, very sophisticated epidemiological studies must be done to monitor the situation, and the public must continue to be educated about risky behavior.
Side Effects vs Allergy
Authors: Bruce P. Barnett
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Ray W. Gifford, Jr, MD, despairs the innocence of medical consumers who would ask for 100% safe drugs or none at all (238:589-590, 1977). At times physicians face even greater frustration dealing with patients who label themselves allergic to such relatively safe drugs as penicillin, codeine, ferrous sulfate, and tetracyclines after experiencing the side effects (eg, nausea, constipation, and monilial infection) but not true toxicity. The timid or once burnt physician may then prescribe the more expensive, possibly less effective, and potentially toxic substitute rather than violate this bogus warning.  Perhaps if we all instruct patients in the difference between allergy and side effects, medical charts will carry less grist for the malpractice mill and greater pharmaceutical latitude for good medical care.
Macroamylasemia: Value of Rapid Diagnosis
Authors: John R. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Macroamylasemia has been recently described<sup>1</sup>as a cause of persistently elevated serum amylase levels. This elevation occurs without pancreatitis or renal disease due to a macromolecular complex too large to be filtered at the glomerulus. Levitt et al<sup>2</sup>suggested that widely available techniques for amylase determination could be used to diagnose macroamylasemia without resorting to complex biochemical tests. This case report illustrates how the use of simple amylase tests to presumptively diagnose macroamylasemia may be very helpful in managing acute intraabdominal problems. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 53-year-old black seaman gave a history of three days of crampy, epigastric, and midabdominal pain radiating to the back. He was acutely ill with a blood pressure reading 158/84 mm Hg, pulse rate of 92, and a temperature of 36.6 C. The abnormal physical findings were high pitched bowel sounds, right upper quadrant tenderness, and a palpable splenic
Human Leukocyte Antigen-B-Associated Transcript 3 Is Released from Tumor Cells and Engages the NKp30 Receptor on Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Elke Pogge von Strandmann, Venkateswara Rao Simhadri, Bastian von Tresckow, Stephanie Sasse, Katrin S. Reiners, Hinrich P. Hansen, Achim Rothe, Boris Böll, Vijaya Lakshmi Simhadri, Peter Borchmann, Peter J. McKinnon, Michael Hallek, Andreas Engert
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Uptake of Home-Based Voluntary HIV Testing in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kalpana Sabapathy, Rafael Van den Bergh, Sarah Fidler, Richard Hayes, Nathan Ford
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Kalpana Sabapathy and colleagues conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the acceptability of home-based voluntary counseling and testing for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa with some encouraging results.
Relationship between leg and foot alignment and dynamic knee valgus during single-leg squat, single-leg drop landing and cutting tasks
Authors: M Sanomura, K Irie
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Biomechanical studies have shown that female athletes have significantly increased dynamic knee valgus during drop landing and cutting tasks. However, the relationship between static leg and foot alignment and dynamic knee valgus is not well understood. Objective To determine the relationship between leg and foot alignment and dynamic knee valgus during single-leg squat, single-leg drop landing and cutting tasks. Design Controlled study. Setting University laboratory. Participants 50 female collegiate athletes (mean age 20.0 ± 1.3 years; height 159.6 ± 5.8 cm; weight 55.1 ± 6.3 kg). Interventions Participants performed single-leg squat, single-leg drop landing and cutting tasks, and kinematic data regarding knee valgus alignment were collected using a high-speed video camera. Main outcome measurement Leg and foot alignment including thigh-transmalleolar angle (an indicator of tibial torsion), leg-heel angle and navicular drop test scores were measured, and correlation coefficients between these parameters and knee valgus alignment were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation and an unpaired t-test. Results The thigh-transmalleolar angle was significantly and positively correlated with knee valgus rate in single-leg squat and drop landing tasks (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient=0.360, p=0.012 and 0.414, p=0.004, respectively). The navicular drop test score and leg-heel angle were not significantly correlated with knee valgus rate in each task. Conclusion Tibial torsion is related to dynamic knee valgus alignment during squatting and landing tasks and its measurement and evaluation through the thigh-transmalleolar angle might be useful as a pre-participation screening test to prevent injury among female athletes.
Decreased Cerebellar Activity on FDG PET/CT Secondary to Diffuse Idiopathic Cerebellar Calcification
Authors: Mohammed T. Nawas, Wayne S. Kubal, Phillip H. Kuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Cerebellar hypometabolism on FDG PET has been described in several conditions, for example, chronic alcohol abuse, antiepileptic medication use, multiple system atrophy, and cerebellar infarction. Corresponding cross-sectional examination is paramount in distinguishing possible etiologies because each condition has a relatively characteristic appearance. We present a case of an asymptomatic patient with diffuse cerebellar hypometabolism found incidentally on FDG PET/CT performed for suspected recurrence of gastric carcinoma. Accompanying CT images demonstrated calcification of the cerebellum and therefore confirmed the etiology of diffuse idiopathic cerebellar calcification. Identifying this diagnosis is critical for using the cerebellum as a standard to evaluate other brain structures.
BLOOD PLATELETS IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE
Authors: L. Dimond
Journal: BMJ (1914)

BLOOD PLATELETS IN TREATMENT OF DISEASE.rNov.T4, TqT4 5 francs.The ml-ajority of the cases, hlowever, accordilng to the reports, seem to lhave benefited, and probably the mi-ost striking effect of the vaccinle lias beeil the rapid manlner in which it app3ars to hlave relievecl pain in cases of artlhritis and orcllitis.WVhetlher it will always act in this way in thle h8ands of other workers rem-ailns still to be seen.Several cases of a similar nature lhave cleared up as rapidly after the iinjection of antinieningococcal Anotlher featture is the ease and rapidity witli whliclh
Detection of low bone mineral density by dual energy x ray absorptiometry in unsuspected suboptimally treated coeliac disease.
Authors: J R Walters, L M Banks, G P Butcher, C R Fowler
Journal: Gut (1995)

Patients with coeliac disease may present with calcium malabsorption but it is unclear whether this results in longterm impairment of bone mineralisation. Dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to study bone mineral density in 34 asymptomatic coeliac disease patients, treated with a gluten free diet for at least two years, and also in 10 newly diagnosed or untreated patients. As expected, untreated patients had low bone mineral density in all regions. In the 29 treated female coeliac disease patients, overall mean values for age adjusted bone mineral density expressed as Z scores were normal although there were many patients with low values, particularly of the lumbar spine and total body. Scores in the postmenopausal patients were significantly worse than in the premenopausal patients and low mean Z scores were found in the five treated male patients. The subjects who had reduced bone mineral density could not be predicted clinically but, despite being asymptomatic, were more likely to have subtotal or partial villous atrophy on small intestinal biopsy (p &lt; 0.0275). In conclusion, although many treated coeliac disease patients have normal bone mineral density, suboptimally treated and newly diagnosed or untreated patients have osteopenia. To reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures, it is recommended that bone mineral density be measured in all treated coeliac disease patients and those with osteopenia have a repeat intestinal biopsy to assess disease activity.