tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Combined Therapies in Treatment of Secondary Failure to Glyburide
Authors: Vincenzo Trischitta, Salvatore Italia, Salvatore Mazzarino, Massimo Buscema, Agata Maria Rabuazzo, Lidia Sangiorgio, Sebastiano Squatrito, Riccardo Vigneri
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To compare the effectiveness of alternative combined treatments in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with secondary failure to sulfonylureas. Research Design and Methods A crossover study was carried out by randomly assigning 16 NIDDM patients to a combined treatment with the addition of either a single low-dose bedtime injection of 0.2 U/kg body wt NPH insulin or an oral three times a day administration of 1.5 g/day metformin to the previously ineffective glyburide treatment. Results Both combined therapies significantly (P &amp;lt;0.01) reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG) and percentage of HbA1. The addition of metformin was more effective than the addition of insulin (P &amp;lt;0.01) in improving PPPG in the 8 patients with higher post-glucagon C-peptide levels. In contrast, the efficacy of neither combined therapy was related to patient age, age of diabetes onset, duration of the disease, percentage of ideal body weight, and FPG. The addition of insulin but not metformin caused a significant (P &amp;lt;0.01) increase of mean body weight. Neither combined treatment caused changes in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. No symptomatic hypoglycemic episode was reported in any of the 16 patients. CONCLUSIONS The addition of bedtime NPH insulin or metformin was effective in improving the glycemic control in most NIDDM patients with secondary failure to glyburide. The combination of metformin and sulfonylurea was more effective in reducing PPPG and did not induce any increase of body weight.
Repeat intracoronary radiation for in-stent restenosis in patients who failed radiation therapy: re-WRIST
Authors: Ron Waksman, Andrew E. Ajani, Edouard Cheneau, Rosanna C. Chan, Bill G. Bass, Katayoun Khosravani, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Ellen Pinnow, Joseph Lindsay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Smoking Cessation after Successful Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer Is Associated with Fewer Smoking-related Second Primary Cancers
Authors: Gary E. Richardson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To determine the incidence of second primary cancers developing in patients surviving free of cancer for 2 or more years after treatment for small-cell lung cancer and to assess the potential effect of smoking cessation.Retrospective review of 540 patients from a single institution with a median follow-up of 6.1 years.A single government institution (the National Cancer Institute).Consecutive sample of 540 patients with histologically confirmed small-cell lung cancer treated from 1973 through 1989 on therapeutic clinical trials.The relative risk for second primary cancers and death were calculated in patients who remained free of cancer for 2 years after initiation of therapy. The relation of these end points to smoking history was also determined.Fifty-five patients (10%) were free of cancer 2 years after initiation of therapy. Eighteen of these patients developed one or more second primary cancers, including 13 who developed second primary non-small-cell lung cancer. The risk for any second primary cancer compared with that in the general population was increased four times (relative risk, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.5-7.2), with a relative risk of a second primary non-small-cell lung cancer of 16 (CI, 8.4-27). Forty-three patients discontinued smoking within 6 months of starting treatment for small-cell lung cancer, and 12 continued to smoke. In those who stopped smoking at time of diagnosis, the relative risk of a second lung cancer was 11 (CI, 4.4 to 23), whereas, in those who continued to smoke, it was 32 (CI, 12 to 69).Patients with small-cell lung cancer who survive cancer-free for more than 2 years have a significantly increased risk for development of a second primary smoking-related cancer. Cigarette smoking cessation after successful therapy is associated with a decrease in risk for a second smoking-related primary cancer.
49 GALLBLADDER IS A HIGHLY AVAILABLE SOURCE OF STEM CELLS WITH MULTIPLE ENDODERMIC MATURE FATES POTENTIALITY
Authors: G. Carpino, V. Cardinale, R. Gentile, P. Onori, R. Semeraro, A. Franchitto, D. Bosco, A. Iossa, C. Napoletano, G. D'Argenio, M. Nuti, N. Caporaso, P.B. Berloco, L. Reid, E. Gaudio, D. Alvaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Reduced serum paraoxonase activity is associated with progression of atherosclerosis and new clinical events: Bezafibrate coronary atherosclerosis intervention trial
Authors: Jan Regnstrom, Jan Nilsson, Peter Yhip, Bojan Cercek, Ulf de Faire, Carl-Goran Ericson, Sanjay Kaul, Anders Hamsten, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis with Transdermal Estrogen
Authors: Edward G. Lufkin, Heinz W. Wahner, William M. O'Fallon, Stephen F. Hodgson, Mark A. Kotowicz, Ann W. Lane, Howard L. Judd, Robert H. Caplan, B. Lawrence Riggs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To evaluate the tolerance and effectiveness of transdermal estrogen for women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis and vertebral fractures.Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial lasting 1 year.Referral-based outpatient clinic.Seventy-five postmenopausal women, 47 to 75 years of age, with one or more vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis.Thirty-nine women received dermal patches delivering 0.1 mg of 17 beta-estradiol for days 1 to 21 and oral medroxyprogesterone acetate for days 11 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. Another 39 women received placebo.Bone turnover assessed by biochemical markers and iliac bone histomorphometry; bone loss assessed by serial measurement of bone density; and vertebral fracture rate.Compared with the placebo group, the median annual percentage change in bone mineral density in the estrogen group reflected increased or steady-state bone mineral density at the lumbar spine (5.3 compared with 0.2; P = 0.007), femoral trochanter (7.6 compared with 2.1; P = 0.03), and midradius (1.0 compared with -2.6, P less than 0.001) but showed no significant difference at the femoral neck (2.6 compared with 1.4; P = 0.17). Estrogen treatment uniformly decreased bone turnover as assessed by several methods including serum osteocalcin concentration (median change, -0.35 compared with 0.02 nmol/L; P less than 0.001). Histomorphometric evaluation of iliac biopsy samples confirmed the effect of estrogen on bone formation rate per bone volume (median change, -12.9 compared with -6.2% per year; P = 0.004). Also, 8 new fractures occurred in 7 women in the estrogen group, whereas 20 occurred in 12 women in the placebo group, yielding a lower vertebral fracture rate in the estrogen group (relative risk, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.95).Transdermal estradiol treatment is effective in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis.
Telomerase activity of needle-biopsied liver samples: its usefulness for diagnosis and judgment of efficacy of treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fumihiko Komine, Masaki Shimojima, Mitsuhiko Moriyama, Syuichi Amaki, Toshikazu Uchida, Yasuyuki Arakawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Identification of a high-affinity receptor for interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta on cultured human rheumatoid synovial cells.
Authors: J Chin, E Rupp, P M Cameron, K L MacNaul, P A Lotke, M J Tocci, J A Schmidt, E K Bayne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

In this report the binding of recombinant human interleukins 1 alpha and 1 beta (rIL-1 alpha and rIL-1 beta) to primary cultures of human rheumatoid synovial cells is measured and compared to the concentrations of these mediators required for stimulation of PGE2 production by these same cells. The average concentration of IL-1 alpha required for half-maximal stimulation of PGE2 was 4.6 +/- 1.5 pM (+/- SEM) (n = 6), whereas for IL-1 beta half-maximal stimulation was observed at a concentration of 1.3 +/- 0.24 pM (n = 6). Both direct and competitive binding experiments were performed. In direct binding experiments, IL-1 alpha bound with a Kd of 66 pM (n = 1), while IL-1 beta bound with a Kd of 4 pM (n = 2). In competitive binding experiments, IL-1 alpha inhibited binding of 125I-IL-1 alpha with a Ki of 33-36 pM (n = 2) and binding of 125I-IL-1 beta with a Ki of 51-63 pM (n = 2). IL-1 beta inhibited binding of 125I-IL-1 alpha with a Ki of 2-3 pM (n = 2) and binding of 125I-IL-1 beta with a Ki of 7 pM (n = 2). The binding data were best fit by a model specifying a single class of receptors with homogeneous affinity for either IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta and with an abundance of 3,000-14,000 sites per cell. Autoradiography showed that the vast majority of the synoviocytes within the cultures possessed IL-1 receptors. Comparison of biological response curves with the binding curves indicates that the observed receptors exhibit sufficiently high affinity to mediate the response of human synoviocytes to low picomolar concentrations of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta.
Steroid allergy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: M. Malik, A.-M. Tobin, F. Shanahan, C. O’Morain, B. Kirby, J. Bourke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Contact allergy to a steroid enema leading to worsening of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has recently been reported. This study was designed to look for evidence of steroid allergy in patients with IBD.To look for the presence of steroid allergy in general, and steroid enema allergy in particular, in a cohort of IBD patients prepared to attend for patch testing.Patients with IBD in two gastroenterology units at Dublin and Cork were asked to take part in the study. Those who agreed to take part were tested to the British Contact Dermatitis Society standard and steroid batteries. Patients with positive tests to steroids were subsequently asked to attend for intradermal testing with prednisolone, and patch testing to the two commercially available steroid enemas in Ireland and an extended battery of steroids. Reactions were read at days 2 and 4.In total, 44 patients from the two units were patch tested. Four patients had positive patch tests to one or more steroids in these batteries: budesonide (n = 2), triamcinolone acetonide (n = 1), tixocortol pivalate (n = 1) and prednisolone (n = 1). Of these, three underwent further testing. All three had positive reactions to intradermal prednisolone and one had a positive test to steroid enema.Four (9%) of our patients were found to have steroid allergy. This has important implications for the local and systemic treatment of their IBD.
Human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Identification of allelic mutations at the nucleotide level as a cause of complete deficiency of the enzyme.
Authors: Y Hidaka, T D Palella, T E O'Toole, S A Tarlé, W N Kelley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

This study reports the first demonstration of specific mutations leading to human adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency. The molecular basis of the deficiency was investigated by determining the sequence of both alleles of a patient with a complete deficiency in APRT activity. A trinucleotide deletion, corresponding to phenylalanine on the deduced amino acid sequence, was confirmed on one allele. A single nucleotide insertion, immediately adjacent to the splice site at the 5' end of the fourth intervening sequence, was confirmed on the other allele. This insertion lead to aberrant splicing, as was demonstrated by the absence of exon 4 in the complementary DNA sequence and by altered RNase mapping analysis of the abnormal messenger RNA.
Are the Scots getting a better deal on prescribed drugs than the English?
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Geoff Watts explains why Scotland's drug rationing body seems able to make more drugs available to its citizens than its English equivalent 

Anger in England at the apparent austerity of its drug rationing body in comparison with its Scottish counterpart came to a head last week, when the English authority announced that it was not going to recommend the use of bortezomib (Velcade). The drug has already been approved for limited use in multiple myeloma north of the border.

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The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which advises on the use of treatments by the NHS in England, was obliged to bring forward its draft guidance on the use of bortezomib after a leak to the press of its latest appraisal. It confirmed that it would not recommend the drug in monotherapy for relapsed multiple myeloma.

Leading the charge on this occasion was the Daily Mail . Under the headline “Medical apartheid as English cancer patients are denied life-extending drug” (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/, 20 Oct) it explained that the “new wonder drug” was to be withheld from NHS patients in England while still being …

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Studies on red‐cell aplasia: IX. Ferrokinetics during remission of the disease
Authors: Saengsuree Wibulyachainunt, Ronald Price, A. Bertrand Brill, Sanford B. Krantz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract Ferrokinetic studies and external organ measurements of radioiron were performed on five patients with pure red‐cell aplasia (PRCA) in remission. One patient with PRCA in relapse was also studied. Of those in remission, one patient had erythroid hyperplasia and ineffective erythropoiesis after the remission occurred. This was indicated by a very short 59 Fe clearance rate and reduced red‐cell 59 Fe incorporation, a marked increase of the erythron iron turnover over the fixed red‐cell iron turnover, and a prolonged marrow transit time. These indices were normal three years later. Four patients had normal effective erythropoiesis while in remission. Two patients had an extended marrow distribution. These studies indicate that some cases of PRCA evolve into a state of ineffective erythropoiesis with erythroid hyperplasia. It is possible that in some patients, primary refractory anemia with ineffective erythropoiesis may be related to PRCA because of the evolution from one state into the other. Alternatively, a second pathologic process may have been acquired between the PRCA and normal hematopoiesis.
Role of the 26-hydroxylase in the biosynthesis of bile acids in the normal state and in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. An in vivo study.
Authors: I Björkhem, O Fausa, G Hopen, H Oftebro, J I Pedersen, S Skrede
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

On the basis of different in vitro studies, we have previously suggested that the basic metabolic defect in the rare inherited disease cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a lack of a hepatic mitochondrial C27-steroid 26-hydroxylase, involved in the normal biosynthesis of bile acids (1980. J. Clin. Invest. 65: 1418-1430; 1981. J. Lipid Res. 22: 191-200; 22: 632-640). In the present work, this hypothesis was tested in vivo. One patient with CTX and two control subjects received intravenously a mixture of [4-14C]7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and [6 beta-3H]7 alpha,26-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, steroids believed to be important precursors of chenodeoxycholic acid. The ratio between 14C and 3H in cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid isolated from bile of the CTX-patient was approximately 1/40 and 1/60 of those of the control subjects, respectively. Another patient with CTX and one control subject received a mixture of [4-14C]5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha-diol and [1,2-3H]5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,26-triol, both possible precursors to chenodeoxycholic acid. In this case the 14C/3H ratio in cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid from the patient with CTX was 1/10 and 1/15, respectively, compared with that of the control subject. The most likely explanation for these findings is that very little of the 14C-precursors, i.e. without a 26-hydroxyl group, can be converted into cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid because of a defect of the 26-hydroxylase step. The results obtained are in accord with our previous findings in vitro. The results further underline the importance of the 26-hydroxylase pathway in the normal biosynthesis of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in man.
The Evaluation of Depressive Symptomatology A Triadic Approach
Authors: William W.K. Zung, Hallie M. Coppedge, Robert L. Green, jr.
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

The comparative ratings of depressive symptomatology as viewed by the triad of clinician, patient and significant-other (S-O) person was studied. The Zung depression scale, with appropriate forms for interviewer, self, and S-O ratings, was used. Correlation between interviewer and self-ratings was 0.82, between interviewer and S-O was 0.33, and between self and S-O was 0.34 (all with p = < 0.01). Analysis of those items which the S-O checked as 'do not know' or were left blank, showed that those items of a more personal and confidential nature were the most difficult for the S-O persons to rate and those that were easily observable presented no problem.
Abstract 1234: Development of a quick sensitive real-time PCR assay for measuring telomere length
Authors: James Qin, Rodrigo Calado
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes with tandem hexameric nucleotide repeats. Its function is to protect the natural ends of chromosomes from being recognized as damaged DNA, hence contributing to chromosomal stability. Telomeric sequences shorten each time the DNA replicates; when the telomere shrinks to a certain threshold, the cell can no longer divide. Its metabolism slows down, the cell ages, and dies. This molecular clock mechanism is also associated with cancer progression and therapy. Turning off telomerase activity by shutting off telomerase activation in cancer cells will led to cellular senescence. The current gold standard method to measuring telomere length is by Southern blot; however, it is tedious and costly, and often takes up to two days to complete. Here, we describe a new, simplified automated real-time PCR assay to accurately detect the abundance of these 5’-TTAGGG-3’nucleotide repeats and determine frequency and the length of Telomere in 47 min. The assay demonstrated to be highly reproducible and accurate for human peripheral cells. The result has good correlation of R2=0.9939, slope=3.41, sensitivity to 1ng of gDNA and has an amplification efficiency of 100%. We evaluated this assay with 299 healthy human subjects to date ranging from 0 (core blood) to 99-year of age. The results are positive with an inverse correlation between telomere length and age, as telomeres were shorter with aging. The telomere length was measured in 13 samples using the gold standard Southern blot method and the new q-PCR method (R2 = 0.8623), significantly higher than the originally described (Cawthon NAS 2002). We believe this fast, sensitive methodology is a powerful tool and provides a new avenue for investigators to address the full extent and significance of telomere shortening in the tumorigenic process. This new assay described here will allow for more widespread use of this technique among cancer researchers and for study of age related telomere diseases and conditions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1234. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1234
Antibody Responses in Viral Hepatitis, Type B
Authors: Lewellys F. Barker
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Most individuals with viral hepatitis, type B, acquire a serum antigen (hepatitis-B antigen [HB Ag])<sup>1</sup>at some time during the incubation period or the acute phase of the disease. Serial sera from 88 patients with viral hepatitis, type B, were examined for antibodies against HB Ag (anti-HB Ag) by passive hemagglutination (PHA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods. Seventy individuals (79.5%) were found to develop serum anti-HB Ag at some time after exposure. Overt occurrences of hepatitis were usually followed by primary-type anti-HB Ag responses. However, early- or secondary-type anti-HB Ag responses were seen in 17 individuals who subsequently developed clinical hepatitis. Most individuals who were resistant to infection after parenteral exposure to materials known to transmit hepatitis had secondary antibody responses. We conclude that primary antibody responses to HB Ag are common after viral hepatitis, type B, and that protective immunity frequently but not invariably follows early exposure to hepatitis-B virus.
Prognostic significance of host immune gene polymorphisms in follicular lymphoma survival
Authors: James R. Cerhan, Sophia Wang, Matthew J. Maurer, Stephen M. Ansell, Susan M. Geyer, Wendy Cozen, Lindsay M. Morton, Scott Davis, Richard K. Severson, Nathaniel Rothman, Charles F. Lynch, Sholom Wacholder, Stephen J. Chanock, Thomas M. Habermann, Patricia Hartge
Journal: Blood (2007)
In situ evaluation of podocin in normal and glomerular diseases
Authors: Izumi Horinouchi, Hitoshi Nakazato, Tomoyasu Kawano, Ken-Ichi Iyama, Akio Furuse, Kenji Arizono, Jiro Machida, Tamami Sakamoto, Fumio Endo, Shinzaburo Hattori
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Sources of variation in FEV1.
Authors: A L Coates, K J Desmond, D Demizio, P D Allen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations to establish reproducibility of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) are that the value come from "at least 3 acceptable forced expiratory curves" where "the largest forced vital capacity maneuver (FVC) and the second largest FVC should not vary by more than 5%." It has been suggested that there is a "negative effort dependence" of the FEV1 and, alternatively, that the magnitude of the FVC influences the FEV1. We examined the relationship between FEV1 and a direct measurement of effort, or work, defined as the area under the alveolar pressure-volume curve in 1 s. Thirteen normal individuals and 17 patients with cystic fibrosis or asthma were instructed to make a series of maximal efforts, as in routine testing. Comparing the maneuver that resulted in the greatest work to that with the lowest work, all with FVCs within 5% of one another, there was no correlation between change in work and change in FEV1 (delta FEV1). There was a significant relationship between delta FEV1 and changes in FVC (r = 0.49, p < 0.01). The delta FEV1 did not correlate with the degree of hyperinflation (the FRC) or degree of airflow limitation (the initial FEV1). The magnitude of changes in FEV1 was small and almost always within acceptable limits for reproducibility. Because a larger FVC is due either to an increased inspiration, which could affect the FEV1, or to an increased expiratory reserve volume, which occurs only after the first second, these results emphasize the importance of a maximal inspiration at the start of the test.