tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Association Between Serum Ferritin and Fasting Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Among South Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, and Ethnic Dutch
Authors: Louise H. Dekker, Mary Nicolaou, Daphne L. van der A, Wim B. Busschers, Lizzy M. Brewster, Marieke B. Snijder, Karien Stronks, Irene G.M. van Valkengoed
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Moderately elevated iron stores below the levels commonly associated with hemochromatosis have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes. Studies suggest that iron status (measured by serum ferritin) differs significantly according to sex, but inconsistent findings have been reported. Our aim is to test the association between serum ferritin and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose concentrations in a population-based, multiethnic, cross-sectional study including men and women of African Surinamese, South Asian Surinamese, and ethnic Dutch origin.We analyzed data on 508 ethnic Dutch, 597 African Surinamese, and 339 South Asian Surinamese aged 35-60 years. Type 2 diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/L or a self-reported diagnosis.Serum ferritin was positively associated with type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose, but differences in the associations according to sex were observed. Serum ferritin concentration was positively associated with type 2 diabetes among women in all ethnic groups (odds ratio [OR] ethnic Dutch: 1.07 [95% CI 1.01-1.13]; OR South Asian Surinamese: 1.05 [1.00-1.10]; OR African Surinamese: 1.05 [1.01-1.10]), but not among men. Serum ferritin was also more strongly associated with fasting glucose in women than in men. Moreover, the magnitude of sex differences in the association between serum ferritin and fasting glucose, but not type 2 diabetes, was more pronounced in the African Surinamese group than in the other ethnic groups (P for interaction ≤0.0001).We found a positive association between serum ferritin and type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose in our multiethnic population, which appeared stronger among women than men. Further evaluation of the variation in sex differences between ethnic groups is warranted, particularly among the African Surinamese, to understand the mechanisms behind these sex differences.
Experts criticise study suggesting that sons of men who smoked before puberty have more body fat
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Leading epidemiologists and statisticians have criticised a study that claims that men who smoked regularly before puberty fathered sons with more body fat than sons of men who did not smoke or who started smoking later.

The study, published in the European Journal of Human Genetics this week, concluded that men who started smoking regularly before the age of 11 had sons who by the age of 17 years had an average 10.6 kg (95% confidence interval 5.4 to 15.9; P<0.0001) more body fat than the sons of men who did not smoke or did not start smoking regularly so early.1

At a press conference held in London on Tuesday, the researchers suggested that the findings could indicate that exposure to tobacco smoke before the onset of puberty may lead to metabolic changes in the next generation, so called transgenerational effects, which have been shown in animal studies.

For their human study the researchers, from the University of Bristol, questioned fathers and mothers about their …
Abstract 1394: Pro-apoptotic and anti-tumorigenic effects of a naturally occurring proteasome inhibitor on hormone-refractory prostate cancer
Authors: David Karnak, Yao Dai, Jeffrey T. DeSano, Wenhua Tang, Mats Ljungman, Theodore S. Lawrence, Liang Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A major mode by which cancer cells evade death is by an acquired ability to suppress apoptosis. In hormone refractory prostate cancer, the overexpression of pro-survival/anti-apoptotic proteins results in resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy. Hence, developing co-therapies that sensitize cells to standard treatment regimens by overcoming this apoptotic block could improve treatment outcomes in advanced prostate cancer. The naturally occurring proteasome inhibitor celastrol has been previously reported to inhibit DNA damage processing and synergize with radiotherapy to kill PC-3 cells. To further explore the mechanism by which celastrol might potentiate cell death, several lines of questioning were explored. First, the open question regarding whether or not celastrol inhibits DNA damage repair, not simply processing, was tested in the comet assay. The tail moments measured in cells treated with celastrol, irradiated and allowed to recover were significantly greater than those in untreated cells, indicating that DNA damage repair was inhibited. In other experiments, cells treated with celastrol displayed an increased expression of the pro-apoptotic, BH3 only protein Noxa. This correlated with an increase in apoptotic cell death which was further augmented by ionizing radiation treatment. The pro-survival protein NFkB is tightly controlled by IkB-alpha binding. Proteasome inhibition can suppress the pro-survival activity of NFkB by decreasing the turnover of IkB-alpha. Indeed, IkB-alpha was found to accumulate in celastrol treated cells. Further, NFkB target gene activation was markedly reduced. To test the feasibility of celastrol treatment in animals, the PC-3 xenograft model in the athymic nude mouse was employed. When celastrol was combined with radiotherapy, tumor volume decreased, apoptosis increased, angiogenesis decreased, and NFkB target gene mRNA levels were found to be lower. Taken together, these data show that celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo by impairing DNA damage repair and augmenting apoptosis through suppressing NFkB activation and increasing the protein levels of Noxa. Celastrol may hold promise as a co-therapy with radiation for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1394.
Reply from Authors re: Jens J. Rassweiler, Marie-Claire Rassweiler, Maurice-Stephan Michel. Classification of Complications: Is the Clavien-Dindo Classification the Gold Standard? Eur Urol 2012;62:256–8
Authors: Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, Dedan Opondo
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Health minister clarifies Care Standards Bill
Authors: G. Stuart
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—I believe that your article on private health care was in places misleading and factually incorrect.1 The article implies that the Care Standards Bill will only extend to standards of premises and equipment in independent health care, and that the bill will not address the core problem of the quality of clinical care. It also wrongly implies that the bill does not address issues about safety …
Abstract 4455: Differential response to AS1411 in a pair of VHL-positive and VHL-negative renal carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Ashraful Islam, David Jones, Fiona McLaughlin, Paula J. Bates
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract AS1411 is a G-rich phosphodiester oligonucleotide that forms a stable G-quadruplex structure and functions as an aptamer to nucleolin. Preclinical studies have shown that AS1411 exhibits antiproliferative activity against a variety of cancer types, but has little effect on normal cells. In a Phase I clinical trial of AS1411 in 30 patients with advanced solid tumors, there were no serious adverse events associated with AS1411 treatment. Furthermore, there was evidence of clinical benefit, particularly in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including durable disease stabilization and objective responses. A phase II trial of AS1411 in metastatic RCC is now underway. Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are the most common form of kidney cancer and the majority of these (75%) have biallelic inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) by mutation or less commonly by hypermethylation. The VHL gene product, pVHL, has multiple functions including ubiquitination of HIF transcription factors, regulation of endocytosis, and control of microtubule orientation. Here we investigated the effect of AS1411 on two previously established matched RCC cell lines with and without functional VHL: RCC4 cells which harbor a mutation in VHL and do not express functional VHL (VHL-negative), and RCC4/VHL which are stably transfected to express wild type VHL (VHL-positive). Using a variety of techniques (MTT assay, colony forming assay, and cell cycle analysis), we observed a clear difference in response to AS1411 between RCC4 and RCC4/VHL cells, with the VHL-negative line being much more sensitive to growth inhibition following AS1411 treatment. Cell cycle analysis showed that VHL-negative RCC4 cells treated with AS1411 accumulate predominantly in S phase after 72 h (as seen in other AS1411-responsive cell lines), followed by S and G2/M phase of cell cycle after 96 h treatment. In contrast, there was no perturbation of the cell cycle in the VHL-positive RCC4/VHL cells. Further studies are ongoing to determine if this is a general effect, dependent directly on pVHL, or if it is related to specific phenotypic differences between these two cell lines. In any case, the availability of two closely related cell lines with markedly different sensitivities to AS1411 should greatly facilitate our efforts to identify markers that may predict response to AS1411. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4455.
Convergance and stabilization of cellular proliferation into steady state over the permanent arterial filtration struts of the diverter: A novel percutaneous device for protection against embolic stroke
Authors: Dagan Harris, Jonathan Leor, Yaron Assaf, Boaz Nishri, Orna Oz, David Tanne, Yqael Grad, Ofer Yodfat
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A closer look at Pthirus pubis
Authors: D.A. BURNS, T.A. SIMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Pthirus pubis, commonly referred to as the pubic louse or crab louse, and delicately designated papillon d'amour by the French, is an insect whose biology has been rather neglected in comparison with the attention lavished on the head louse and clothing louse. Even its name is frequently misspelled. The generic name was intended to be Phthirus, but as a result of a misprint, Pthirus was confirmed as the official name by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.1 It has no close relatives other than a similar species found on gorillas. We present here a number of scanning electron micrographs which demonstrate some of the anatomical features of this parasite. The structure of the mouthparts is demonstrated, and the mechanism of feeding described.
EVIDENCE FOR RECENT DUPLICATIONS AMONG CERTAIN GAMMA GLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES
Authors: J. B. Natvig, T. E. Michaelsen, H. G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

A survey of a large number of human sera with the heavy chain genetic markers of the γ-globulin system has revealed an unusual gene complex which is inherited as a unit through two different families. The gene complex involves two pairs of γG1 genetic markers which ordinarily behave as homoalleles, Gmz and Gmf for the Fd part of γG1 molecules, and Gma and non-a for the Fc part. Isolation of the γG1 fraction from the unusual sera demonstrated the presence of the important non-a antigen in the γG1 fraction. Through the use of immunoadsorbents it was shown that these antigens were not part of a single molecule but that separate molecules were involved. The accumulated evidence indicated that the appearance of such homoalleles on the same chromosome probably resulted from a recent gene duplication, giving rise to two γG1 cistrons on one chromosome.
Inverse relation between serum cotinine concentration and blood pressure in cigarette smokers.
Authors: N L Benowitz, D S Sharp
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Blood pressure is, on average, lower in cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers. In a cross-sectional study of 288 normotensive bus drivers, we found a significant inverse correlation between serum cotinine (the major metabolite of nicotine) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure that could not be accounted for by age, body weight, or alcohol consumption. Over the observed range of cotinine values, the average decrease in blood pressure was 10.7 and 7.0 mm Hg for systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. We suggest that cotinine be measured to assess the influence of cigarette smoking in epidemiologic studies of blood pressure.
Efficiency, information theory, and neural representations
Authors: Joseph T. Devlin, Matt H. Davis, Stuart A. McLelland, Richard P. Russell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

We contend that if efficiency and reliability are important factors in neural information processing then distributed, not localist, representations are “evolution's best bet.” We note that distributed codes are the most efficient method for representing information, and that this efficiency minimizes metabolic costs, providing adaptive advantage to an organism.
Antistreptococcic Serum in the Mixed Infection of Tuberculosis.
Authors: S. A. Knopf
Journal: JAMA (1897)

New York, Sept. 16, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your issue of September 11, contains the very interesting article on "Streptococcic Infection and Marmorek's Serum," by Geo. W. Cox, M.D., of Chicago. In the discussion following the reading of the paper, Dr. Cox states that there is no work on the subject that he knows of, except his communication. May I take the liberty to call his attention to some experimental and clinical work done in that line by myself over a year and a quarter ago? The results of these experiments I communicated to the Academy of Medicine of New York at its meeting of Jan. 21, 1897, in a paper entitled "The Hygienic, Educational and Symptomatic Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," which subsequently appeared in the<i>Medical Record</i>of February 13. Three years ago, when I began visiting the European sanatoriums for consumptives for the purpose of studying this phase
Computed tomography: bigger and better?
Authors: W. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction of Mdr1b expression by tumor necrosis factor-α in rat liver cells is independent of p53 but requires NF-κB signaling
Authors: Jenny E. Ros, John D. Schuetz, Mariska Geuken, Konrad Streetz, Han Moshage, Folkert Kuipers, Michael P. Manns, Peter L.M. Jansen, Christian Trautwein, Michael Müller
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The multidrug resistance protein Mdr1b in rats is up–regulated during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy or after endotoxin treatment. We hypothesize that up–regulation of Mdr1b in these models is TNF–α-dependent. The mechanism of Mdr1b activation by TNF–α is unknown as TNF–α can signal through various pathways, including NF–κB and p53, transcription factors for which binding sites in the Mdr1b promoter have been identified. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of up–regulation of Mdr1b by TNF–α. We selectively used constructs expressing dominant negative Fas–associated death domain protein (FADD), TNF receptor associated factor–2 (TRAF2) or IκB to inhibit pathways downstream of the TNF receptor. Further, the proteasome inhibitor MG–132 was used, which prevents the breakdown of IκB. We show a critical role for NF–κB in activation of Mdr1b gene expression both in primary rat hepatocytes and in rat hepatoma H–4–II–E cells. Because p53 is up–regulated by TNF–α in an NF–κB-dependent manner and the Mdr1b promoter contains a p53 binding site, we used liver cells expressing a dominant negative p53 to show that TNF–α up–regulation of Mdr1b is independent of functional p53. Using transient transfection assays, we show that Mdr1b up–regulation correlates with activation of the promoter. Mutation of the NF–κB site in the Mdr1b promoter prevents its induction by TNF–α. In conclusion our results show that activation of the rat Mdr1b gene by TNF–α is a result of NF–κB signaling and independent of p53. (Hepatology 2001;33:1425–1431.)
1198 NUCLEOTIDE INHIBITOR RESISTANCE SELECTIONS USING GT2A INFECTIOUS VIRUS: PSI-7851 AND GS-6620 SELECT FOR A NOVEL RESISTANCE PATHWAY INCLUDING SUBSTITUTIONS OF M289V/L FOLLOWED BY S282T
Authors: G. Cheng, M. Fenaux, E. Mabery, S. Eng, B. Peng, O. Barauskas, L. Lagpacan, D. Jin, M. Hung, X. Liu, J. Perry, J. Feng, A. Ray, W. Delaney, W. Zhong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Alterations in Rat Interlobar Artery Membrane Potential and K <sup>+</sup> Channels in Genetic and Nongenetic Hypertension
Authors: Jeffrey R. Martens, Craig H. Gelband
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

The renal vasculature plays an important role in the control of blood pressure. K+ channels have been demonstrated to regulate smooth muscle membrane potential and thereby control smooth muscle tone. However, few data are available on K+ channel function in the renal vasculature of hypertensive animals. This study details changes in K+ currents and membrane potential in genetic and nongenetic models of hypertension. The patch-clamp technique and Ca(2+)-imaging fluorescence were used to examine the differences in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), Sprague-Dawley (SD), spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertensive single cells of rat kidney interlobar arteries. In current-clamp experiments, SHR and DOCA hypertensive cells were approximately 20 mV more depolarized than the control cells. In voltage-clamp experiments with 4-amino-pyridine and niflumic acid present to inhibit voltage-dependent K+ (K(v)) and Ca(2+)-activated CI- (CI(Ca)) currents, SHR and DOCA hypertensive Ca(2+)-activated K+ (K(Ca)) currents were significantly larger and activated at more negative potentials than the control. Conversely, with charybdotoxin and niflumic acid present to inhibit K(Ca) and CI(Ca) currents, SHR and DOCA hypertensive K(v) current was significantly smaller than the control. Finally, basal and angiotensin II-stimulated peak intracellular free [Ca2+] was greater in the SHR and DOCA hypertensive cells compared with control cells. These results suggest that membrane potential and the activity of K(Ca) and K(v) channels are altered in hypertensive rat renal interlobar arteries and may play a role in the regulation of renal blood flow under physiological and patho-physiological conditions.
Mechanisms underlying chronic back pain
Authors: M I V Jayson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Back pain is one of the main causes of disability. Population studies indicate a lifetime prevalence of 58%.1 For many these are frequent episodes of acute pain with only temporary periods of disability. Some people, however, develop chronic pain and become severely disabled. Although this may be due to persistence of the original nociceptive insult, in many cases the mechanism of chronic pain is different from that of acute pain and a new pathology has developed that leads to chronicity.

Abnormalities in the lumbar spine are common, and degenerative changes are be found in virtually all older people. But correlation is poor between back pain and degenerative changes seen in radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging scans.2,3

Ever since disc herniation was originally described it has been identified as a potent cause of back trouble.4 Undoubtedly there are some such patients who have pain in a nerve root distribution, with clear evidence of dural tension with limited straight leg raising and specific neurological signs. Many, however, do not meet these criteria. Without such unequivocal evidence it is still common to incriminate a herniation seen on magnetic resonance imaging if it coincides with …
A Tick Mannose-Binding Lectin Inhibitor Interferes with the Vertebrate Complement Cascade to Enhance Transmission of the Lyme Disease Agent
Authors: Tim J. Schuijt, Jeroen Coumou, Sukanya Narasimhan, Jianfeng Dai, Kathleen DePonte, Diana Wouters, Mieke Brouwer, Anneke Oei, Joris J.T.H. Roelofs, Alje P. van Dam, Tom van der Poll, Cornelis van't Veer, Joppe W. Hovius, Erol Fikrig
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 3H-THYMIDINE LABELLING OF THE DERMAL INFILTRATE OF SKIN ALLERGIC AND IRRITANT PATCH TEST REACTIONS IN MAN
Authors: J. M. LACHAPELLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

The 3H-Thymidine (3HT) nuclear labelling index of “round” cells of the dermal infiltrate in allergic and irritant patch test reactions in man has been compared. The skin of 15 positive allergic patch test reactions (to different allergens) and of 15 positive irritant reactions (5 to croton oil, 5 to potassium hydroxide and 5 to white spirit) was biopsied 48 hours after the application of the chemical. Thin slices of each specimen were incubated for 60 min in the presence of 3HT. then fixed and prepared for light microscopy radioautography. Two thousand “round” cells of the infiltrate were counted in each specimen. The mean values of the 3HT labelling indices (±S.E.) were 2·91±0·18%, in the allergic group and 0·58 ± 0·06% in the irritant group. The difference between the 2 means was highly significant (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the labelling indices of the 3 irritants (P > 0.05). All the labelled cells were mononucleated. This method could be useful to differentiate clinically dubious allergic and irritant reactions.
Sex chromosome abnormalities after intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: I Liebaers, M Bonduelle, E Van Assche, P Devroey, A Van Steirteghem, StantonF Hoegerman, Myung-Geol Pang, WilliamG Kearns, I Govaerts, Y Englert, E Vamos, F Rodesch, Jan Tesarik, C Hervé, G Moutel
Journal: The Lancet (1995)