tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Antidiabetogenic Effect of GLP-1 Is Maintained During a 7-Day Treatment Period and Improves Diabetic Dyslipoproteinemia in NIDDM Patients
Authors: Lisa Juntti-Berggren, Jan Pigon, Fredrik Karpe, Anders Hamsten, Mark Gutniak, Louis Vignati, Suad Efendic
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term antidiabetogenic effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its influence on diabetic dyslipoproteinemia, patients with NIDDM were treated with GLP-1 subcutaneously for 1 week. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twelve patients participated in the study. The 1st week of the study, all of them were on intensive insulin treatment and from day 8, four were randomized to a control group continuing with insulin, and eight to a treatment group where GLP-1 was given at meals together with regular insulin from day 8 to 12. On days 13 and 14, they were only given GLP-1 at meals. NPH insulin at bedtime was given throughout the study. RESULTS In the GLP-1-treated patients, the doses of regular insulin, given to keep a satisfactory blood glucose control, were reduced compared with treatment with insulin only. GLP-1 virtually inhibited the early increase in blood glucose after the meals, whereas an increase of ∼ 2 mmol was seen during an optimized insulin treatment. In agreement with the short half-life of the peptide, 2-h postprandial plasma insulin levels were significantly decreased both at day 12 and 14, suggesting that there was not enough GLP-1 left to stimulate endogenous insulin release and compensate for the decrease in the dose of exogenous insulin. Therefore, the effect of GLP-1 was lost before the next meal, resulting in increased preprandial blood glucose values at lunch and dinner. The concentration of VLDL triglycerides decreased already during the 1st week. This decrease persisted during the 2nd week when GLP-1 was included in the treatment. No changes were observed in the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol. The LDL particle diameter increased from a mean of 22.3 to 22.6 nm (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in response to insulin treatment. A further increment to 22.9 nm (P &amp;lt; 0.05) was seen after GLP-1 treatment. The LDL particle size did not change in the control group. Lipoprotein lipase activity was decreased by 27% and hepatic lipase was reduced by 13% in the GLP-1-treated group. CONCLUSIONS We confirm the antidiabetogenic effect of GLP-1 in NIDDM patients. This effect was maintained during 7 days, which implies that the patients did not develop tolerance during this treatment period. Intensive insulin treatment, leading to normotriglyceridemia, increased the mean LDL particle diameter, which is likely to lower the risk of future coronary heart disease in patients with NIDDM. Furthermore, an additive effect of GLP-1 is indicated. Hence, this study gives additional evidence that GLP-1 may be useful as an agent for treating NIDDM.
TREATMENT OF SEVERE DEPRESSION WITH DESIPRAMINE, A METABOLITE OF IMIPRAMINE
Authors: ADAM J. KRAKOWSKI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Desipramine, an active metabolite of imipramine, was administered to 129 patients with severe depressive disorders. The majority had a history of 1 to 4 depressive attacks. In most cases, the drug was given for 2 to 4 months in daily doses of 75 or 100 mg. (i.m.) for a few days, followed by 100 to 150 mg. orally, thereafter. Tranquilizers were given concurrently as required to control agitation, anxiety or insomnia. Desipramine produced a satisfactory clinical response in 99 (76.4%) patients. Compared to imipramine, used in previous studies, the new drug seems to be slightly more potent on a dose-size basis; it has a faster onset of action, evident in 2 to 7 days, and side effects appear to be milder and of shorter duration. Because of its rapid onset of action and mild side effects, desipramine may prove particularly useful in reducing the need for prolonged hospitalization in severe depressive conditions.
Reciprocal Feedback Regulation of PI3K and Androgen Receptor Signaling in PTEN-Deficient Prostate Cancer
Authors: Brett S. Carver, Caren Chapinski, John Wongvipat, Haley Hieronymus, Yu Chen, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Vivek K. Arora, Carl Le, Jason Koutcher, Howard Scher, Peter T. Scardino, Neal Rosen, Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
A British Medical Association Lecture on THE EARLY DETECTION AND SUPERVISION OF RHEUMATIC INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Geo. A. Allan
Journal: BMJ (1928)

atthle Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association at Portsmouth, after a discussion on thle etiology and treatment of heart disease in early life, sent a recom- mendation to the Council to appoint a special committee to investigate this grave menace to the community, with a view to its prevention.A few months later such a sub- committee was appointed by the Science Committee to inquire into the subject of cardiac disease in children, and later to advise the parent committee on tile rheumatic problem generally.Asyou are doubtless aware, that Committee has pub-
Human cord blood-derived primitive progenitors are enriched in CD34+c-kit− cells: correlation between long-term culture-initiating cells and telomerase expression
Authors: H Sakabe, N Yahata, T Kimura, ZZ Zeng, H Minamiguchi, H Kaneko, KJ Mori, K Ohyashiki, JH Ohyashiki, K Toyama, T Abe, Y Sonoda
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Study supports link between injectable hormonal contraceptive and HIV risk
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A meta-analysis has found that women who use depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, commonly known by its brand name Depo-Provera, have a moderately raised risk of becoming infected with HIV.1 The study, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases , found that the risk was not increased among users of oral contraceptive pills, combined oral contraceptives, or norethisterone enantate.

Researchers from the University of California at Berkeley looked at data from 12 observational studies in sub-Saharan Africa involving 39 560 women. Use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate was found to increase a woman’s risk of acquiring HIV by 40% (pooled hazard ratio 12.40 (95% confidence interval 1.16 to …
Caveolae modulate excitation–contraction coupling and β2-adrenergic signalling in adult rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: S CALAGHAN, E WHITE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Caveolae, flask shaped invaginations of the cell membrane, influence signalling cascades in many cell types. We have tested the hypothesis that caveolae modulate excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) and beta-adrenergic stimulation in the adult cardiac myocyte.Shortening, [Ca(2+)](i) and L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) were recorded in rat ventricular myocytes. Caveolae were disrupted with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaC).Shortening and [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitude were reduced in myocytes treated with MbetaC. MbetaC did not alter the density or characteristics of I(Ca,L) or the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load, but significantly reduced fractional SR Ca(2+) release. The inotropic response of myocytes to beta(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation was insensitive to caveolae disruption. By contrast, the increase in shortening, [Ca(2+)](i) transient and I(Ca,L) seen following beta(2) stimulation was markedly enhanced (3-5 fold) following MbetaC treatment, and the effect on I(Ca,L) could be mimicked by dialyzing cells with an antibody to caveolin 3. When the G(alphai) pathway was disabled with pertussis toxin (PTX), control cells showed a similar response to beta(2) stimulation as seen in MbetaC-treated myocytes, whereas MbetaC-treated cells were insensitive to PTX.Caveolae modulate ECC via the efficiency of the Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release process, rather than Ca(2+) influx. Our data are also consistent with the hypothesis that interaction of G(i) protein cascade components with caveolin in the caveolae is necessary for effective signalling by this pathway. This suggests that changes in caveolin expression in the adult heart seen during aging and in disease will have consequences for baseline cardiac function and beta-adrenergic responsiveness.
Evolutionary Implications of Three Novel Members of the Human Sarcomeric Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Family
Authors: Philippe R. Desjardins, James M. Burkman, Joseph B. Shrager, Leonard A. Allmond, Hansell H. Stedman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MyHC) is the major contractile protein of striated muscle. Six tandemly linked skeletal MyHC genes on chromosome 17 and two cardiac MyHC genes on chromosome 14 have been previously described in the human genome. We report the identification of three novel human sarcomeric MyHC genes on chromosomes 3, 7, and 20, which are notable for their atypical size and intron-exon structure. Two of the encoded proteins are structurally most like the slow-beta MyHC, whereas the third one is closest to the adult fast IIb isoform. Data from pairwise comparisons of aligned coding sequences imply the existence of ancestral genomes with four sarcomeric genes before the emergence of a dedicated smooth muscle MyHC gene. To further address the evolutionary relationships of the distinct sarcomeric and nonsarcomeric rod sequences, we have identified and further annotated human genomic DNA sequences corresponding to 14 class-II MyHCs. An extensive analysis provides a timeline for intron gain and loss, gene contraction and expansion, and gene conversion among genes encoding class-II myosins. One of the novel human genes is found to have introns at positions shared only with the molluscan catchin/MyHC gene, providing evidence for the structure of a pre-Cambrian ancestral gene.
The effect of auditory distractors on saccades toward visual targets
Authors: H. Colonius, P. Arndt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The Findlay-Walker model does not consider saccades generated by auditory targets or nontargets (distractors), or by bimodal stimulation. Empirical results suggest that the effects of auditory stimulation cannot easily be incorporated into the model, neither in the WHEN nor in the WHERE system. A two-stage model by Colonius and Arndt gives a quantitative account of the facilitative effects of auditory distractors on saccadic latencies toward visual targets.
Asthma and respiratory irritants (ozone).
Authors: F Silverman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Asthmatics appear to be more susceptible to the effects of air pollutants than nonasthmatics. The present studies were undertaken to examine the effects of exposing asthmatics to ozone concentrations that occur in the environment. Seventeen well-documented male and female asthmatics have been exposed for 2 hr in an environmental chamber to 0.25 ppm of ozone on one occasion (ozone) and to air on another occasion (air). Effects were assessed by measurements of pulmonary function obtained prior to (0 hr), every half-hour during and at the end of all exposures (2 hr). Paired t-test analysis of lung volumes, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), and maximum expiratory flow rates at 50% of vital capacity (V50%VC) showed no significant changes (p greater than 0.05) when the following comparisons were made: 0 hr air vs 0 hr ozone, 0 hr air vs. 2 hr air, 0 hr ozone vs. 2 hr ozone, 2 hr air vs. 2 hr ozone. There was variability in severity of asthma and pulmonary function status; most subjects were taking some form of medication at the time of study. Some asthmatics showed no change or improvement with both air and ozone and others developed greater reductions in pulmonary function with ozone than with air. Approximately one-third of the asthmatics demonstrated greater changes in V50%VC with exposure to 0.25 ppm of ozone relative to air exposure. These studies indicate that acute exposures to ozone at realistic concentrations in the environment can produce adverse responses in some asthmatics.
G Proteins and Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclase
Authors: Alfred G. Gilman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The cellular plasma membrane contains highly specialized systems for integration, amplification, and transduction of information that presents itself in the form of extracellular hormones, neurotransmitters, other regulatory molecules, and physical stimuli. A major mechanism for processing this information involves the sequential interactions of three membrane-bound proteins. Receptors for many extracellular regulators bind these molecules and interact with one or more of a family of guanine nucleotide—binding regulatory proteins (G proteins). Conformational alteration of the G protein permits exchange of tightly bound guanosine diphosphate (an inactive ligand) for guanosine triphosphate (the activating ligand). The guanosine triphosphate—bound G protein in turn interacts with intracellular effector molecules, such as adenylyl cyclase, and controls their functions. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1819-1825)
EFFECTIVENESS OF THROMBUS ASPIRATION IN STEMI PATIENTS IN DAILY CLINICAL PRACTICE: INSIGHTS FROM THE ZWOLLE ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION REGISTRY
Authors: Sinem Kilic, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Jan-Henk Dambrink, Jan Hoorntje, Marcel Gosselink, Evelien Kolkman, Harry Suryapranata, Arnoud van&apos;t Hof, Isala Klinieken
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Dyes and preservatives in oral antihistamines
Authors: R. D. ALDRIDGE, R. A. MAIN, M. E. SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

SUMMARY Antihistamines are commonly used in the treatment of urticaria. Some antihistamines contain dyes and preservatives which have themselves been shown to produce or exacerbate urticaria; the presence of these substances is not indicated in the usual formularies and a list of commonly prescribed antihistamines is presented, detailing the azo dyes, other dyes and preservatives contained therein.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a Puerto Rican black
Authors: F. L. Martinez-Catinchi
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) is a rare disease; however, descriptions of the entity have appeared in different parts of the world. 1 This case is presented because, to our knowledge, this is the first time that HPP has been described in a Puerto Rican man.  Report of a Case.—  A 30-year-old black Puerto Rican man enjoyed good health until 1974, when he had an unexplained episode of transient paraparesis. On April 22, 1976, he engaged in unusually heavy labor and ate a large amount of cake and ice cream. On the following day, he awoke with weakness of the legs. He was taken to the hospital, where results of a CSF analysis were normal. There was progression of symptoms, as judged by the development of flaccid quadriplegia and dysphagia. He was transferred to our hospital on April 24.  There was no history of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria,
Nanocomposites of lung surfactant and biodegradable cationic nanoparticles improve transfection efficiency to lung cells
Authors: Juliane Nguyen, Regina Reul, Thomas Betz, Eyas Dayyoub, Thomas Schmehl, Tobias Gessler, Udo Bakowsky, Werner Seeger, Thomas Kissel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Leptin's mitogenic effect in human liver cancer cells requires induction of both methionine adenosyltransferase 2A and 2β
Authors: Komal Ramani, Heping Yang, Meng Xia, Ainhoa Iglesias Ara, José M. Mato, Shelly C. Lu
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Leptin is an adiopokine that plays a pivotal role in the progression of liver fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. Recently, leptin was shown to be mitogenic in human liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and Huh7. Whether leptin can act as a mitogen in normal hepatocytes is unclear. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the principal methyl donor and precursor of polyamines. Two genes (MAT1A and MAT2A) encode for the catalytic subunit of MAT, whereas a third gene (MAT2beta) encodes for a regulatory subunit that modulates the activity of MAT2A-encoded isoenzyme. The aims of this study were to examine whether leptin's mitogenic activity involves MAT2A and MAT2beta and whether this can be modulated. We found that leptin is mitogenic in HepG2 cells but not in primary human or mouse hepatocytes. Leptin induced the expression of MAT2A and MAT2beta in HepG2 cells and normal human and mouse hepatocytes, but although it increased SAMe level in HepG2 cells, it had no effect on SAMe level in normal hepatocytes. Leptin-mediated induction of MAT genes and growth in HepG2 cells required activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling pathways. Treatment with SAMe or its metabolite methylthioadenosine (MTA) lowered expression of MAT2A and MAT2beta and blocked leptin-induced signaling, including an increase in MAT gene expression and growth. Increased expression of MAT2A and MAT2beta is required for leptin to be mitogenic, although by entirely different mechanisms.Leptin induces MAT2A and MAT2beta expression in HepG2 cells and normal hepatocytes but is mitogenic only in HepG2 cells. Pharmacological doses of SAMe or MTA lower expression of both MAT2A and MAT2beta and interfere with leptin signaling.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSES FOR THE VARIED CHARACTER OF STASIS BILE
Authors: Peyton Rous, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

The gall bladder and ducts exert opposite influences upon the bile. The ducts fail to concentrate and thicken it with mucus as the bladder does, but dilute it slightly with a thin secretion of their own that is colorless and devoid of cholates even when the organism is heavily jaundiced. The fluid may readily be collected into a rubber bag connected with an isolated duct segment. It continues to be formed against a considerable pressure, and, in the dog, is slightly alkaline to litmus, clear, almost watery, practically devoid of cholesterol, and of low specific gravity to judge from the one specimen tested. In obstructed ducts separated from the gall bladder, or connecting with one so changed pathologically that the concentrating faculty has been lost, such fluid gradually replaces the small amount of bile originally pent up. It is the so called "white bile" of surgeons. When obstructed ducts connect with an approximately normal gall bladder the stasis fluid is entirely different, owing to the bladder activity. At first there accumulates in quantity a true bile much inspissated by loss of fluid through the bladder wall, darkened by a change in the pigment, and progressively thickened with bladder mucus. As time passes duct secretion mingles with the tarry accumulation and very gradually replaces it. The inspissation of the bile, as indicated by the pigment content, is at its greatest after only a day or two of stasis. The differing influences of the ducts and bladder upon the bile must obviously have much to do with the site of origin of calculi and their clinical consequences. The concentrating activity of the bladder cannot but be a potent element in the formation of stones. We have discussed these matters at some length. Intermittent biliary stasis is admittedly the principal predisposing cause of cholelithiasis; and the stasis is to be thought of as effective, in many instances at least, through the excessive biliary inspissation for which it gives opportunity. In this way a normal gall bladder can become, merely through functional activity, a menace to the organism. In patients with the tendency to stones frequent feedings may lessen the danger of their formation.
Accumulation of MDP in Hepatic Metastases from Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Authors: JOHN C. KIRBY, JOHN H. BARTOW, THOMAS P. DRESSER, JAMES W. WINEBRIGHT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

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1152 HEPATITIS C VIRUS ENTRY INTO HUMAN HEPATOCYTES IS DEPENDENT ON CLAUDIN-1 BUT NOT ON CLAUDIN-6 AND CLAUDIN-9
Authors: I. Fofana, C. Thumann, L. Zona, E. Schnober, J. Lupberger, J.A. McKeating, F. Grunert, J. Thompson, M. Zeisel, T.F. Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The Runaway Reaction
Authors: RICHARD L. JENKINS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Delinquent behavior can usually be classified as motivation behavior, the pursuit of understandable goals by illegal means, or— as a response to frustration—maladaptive behavior without a goal. Most delinquents are classifiable as either adaptive delinquents who cooperate against adult control ("group delinquent reaction") or as maladaptive delinquents. This latter group is subdivided according to the presence of the response of fight ("unsocialized aggressive reaction") or flight ("runaway reaction"). This article is concerned with characterizing the "runaway reaction."
Immunotherapy in Hay Fever with Two Major Allergens 19, 25 and Partially Purified Extract of Timothy Grass Pollen
Authors: Ole øSterballe
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Forty grass pollen hay fever patients were randomly divided into two equal groups and treated from January 1978 with different timothy grass pollen extracts: whole pollen allergens (WPA) (Alutard® SQ), a partially purified extract and purified pollen allergens (PPA) consisting of the major allergens 19, 25. The effect was evaluated by symptom scores in grass pollen season 1, 1978, and titrated thresholds of skin prick test (SPT) and nasal provocation test (NFT) with extracts WPA, PPA, and FGM (five‐grass mixture). Extracts were biologically standardized in the HEP (histamine equivalent prick) system (1 HEP = 1,000 biological units (BU)/ml) and used in concentrations of 0.01‐0.1‐1.0‐10 HEP for tests and treatment. The extracts for treatment were attached to Al (OH) 3 . Extracts from the same batch were used throughout the investigation. The two patient groups, WPA and PPA, were comparable us regards age, sex, total dosage (range 2,187–73,887 BU) and frequency of side effects. Fewer symptoms (P=0.0001) were observed with WPA than with PPA. Titrated threshold increase showed a treatment efficacy of 70–100% in SPT compared with 15–65% in NPT and tended to show higher protection after treatment with WPA titan PPA hut equal protection against WPA and FGM, in accordance with common allergens in various grass pollen. In SPT with WPA the threshold increase was correlated ( P &lt;0.05) to symptom scores. Frequency of major (urticaria, angioedema, asthma) general side effects was positively correlated ( P 0.05) to pretreatment NPT thresholds below 1 HEP and standard dosage at 1 HEP or more, but tended to a negative correlation with local side effects. All local and general side effects first appeared 1–5h after injection and a more careful dosage pattern than standard is recommendable at maximum concentration, 10 HEP, and also with extracts 1 HEP at pretreatment NPT thresholds below 1 HEP.