tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of arsenite on DNA repair in Escherichia coli
Authors: Toby G. Rossman, M. Stephen Meyn, Walter Troll
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Since environmental exposure to arsenicals has been correlated with a high skin cancer risk among populations exposed to sunlight, it is possible that arsenicals might interfere with the repair of damage to DNA (mostly thymine dimers) resulting from the ultraviolet rays in sunlight. To test this hypothesis, strains of E. coli, differing from each other only in one or more repair functions, were exposed to UV light and then plated in the presence or absence of sodium arsenite. Survival after irradiation of wild type E. coli (WP2) was significantly decreased by 0.5mM arsenite. This effect was also seen in strains which are unable to carry out excision repair, suggesting that arsenite inhibits one or more steps in the post-replication repair pathways. This is confirmed by the finding that arsenite has no effect on the post-irradiation survival of a recA mutant, which does not carry out post-replication repair.Mutagenesis after ultraviolet irradiation depends on the rec+ and lex+ genes. Arsenite decreases mutagenesis in strains containing these genes. In order to determine its mechanism of action, dose-response relationships of arsenite on a number of cellular functions were carried out. The most sensitive cellular functions found were the induction of β-galactosidase and the synthesis of RNA. Since error-prone repair in E. coli is an inducible process, the inhibition of mutagenesis after UV irradiation may be the result of inhibition of messenger RNA synthesis.
In vivo administration of a lentiviral vaccine targets DCs and induces efficient CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Christoph Esslinger, Laurence Chapatte, Daniela Finke, Isabelle Miconnet, Philippe Guillaume, Frédéric Lévy, H. Robson MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The present study evaluates the potential of third-generation lentivirus vectors with respect to their use as in vivo–administered T cell vaccines. We demonstrate that lentivector injection into the footpad of mice transduces DCs that appear in the draining lymph node and in the spleen. In addition, a lentivector vaccine bearing a T cell antigen induced very strong systemic antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mice. Comparative vaccination performed in two different antigen models demonstrated that in vivo administration of lentivector was superior to transfer of transduced DCs or peptide/adjuvant vaccination in terms of both amplitude and longevity of the CTL response. Our data suggest that a decisive factor for efficient T cell priming by lentivector might be the targeting of DCs in situ and their subsequent migration to secondary lymphoid organs. The combination of performance, ease of application, and absence of pre-existing immunity in humans make lentivector-based vaccines an attractive candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
We don't know if health system changes in eastern Europe have improved quality
Authors: T. Tomasik
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Twenty years have passed since the countries of eastern and central Europe began the substantial reorganisation of their health systems. The Soviet model had been centrally planned, government run, and oriented to hospital care. Universal coverage was an ideological priority, and the phrase “quality of care” was hardly used.

Central to the reforms was the implementation of family medicine. In countries such as Estonia, Lithuania, and Poland, district internists and paediatricians were retrained to become family physicians; in countries such as Slovakia and the Czech Republic they changed their titles to general practitioners for adults and general practitioners for children. This accompanied privatisation in healthcare provision and the disintegration of polyclinics into separate, smaller outpatient clinics. These changes seemed to the public to be well planned, and the objective of improving quality of care was commonly cited.

However, it is unclear whether this reorganisation has resulted in any improvement in quality in primary care. The international literature, according to …
Effect of a Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, Nimesulide, on the Growth of Lung Tumors and Their Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptor-γ
Authors: Madhu Sudhan Shaik, Abhijit Chatterjee, Mandip Singh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, on the growth inhibition of s.c. human lung A549 adenocarcinoma tumors and to assess the effect of nimesulide on the expression of COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in lung tumors harvested from mice.Female nu/nu mice were xenografted with s.c. A549 lung tumors, and 1 day after tumor implantation, the mice were fed with a diet containing nimesulide at 250-1500 ppm doses. Tumor dimensions were monitored twice weekly, and tumor samples isolated from mice were used to determine prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels by enzyme immunoassay, expression of COX-2 and PPAR-gamma by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the induction of apoptosis in tumor specimens was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling staining.Nimesulide treatment showed a dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effect of A549 tumors with a maximum of 77.7% inhibition at 1500 ppm of nimesulide. Western blotting experiments showed similar expression of COX-2 in both control and nimesulide (250-1500 ppm)-treated mice tumor tissues. PPAR-gamma was found to be overexpressed as a result of 1500 ppm nimesulide treatment and was not detected in tumors from control or 250-1000 ppm nimesulide-treated mice. Nimesulide (1500 ppm) significantly reduced intratumor PGE(2) levels (P < 0.001) and induced apoptosis in 25% of tumor cells as compared with control tumors.Nimesulide (1500 ppm) induced growth inhibition of A549 lung tumors is associated with the reduction of intratumor PGE(2) levels but without affecting the expression of COX-2. Nimesulide-induced enhancement of the expression of PPAR-gamma may also contribute to its antitumor effect, which needs to be further investigated.
Public-Private Groups Seek Drug Targets
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physical Fitness For Exercise Participation
Authors: Daniel D. Schrein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest Mr. Russell C. Sneddon's letter (220:857, 1972) titled "Physical Fitness For Exercise Participation." A number of points are open to discussion. The first is that plotting a child's height, weight, and physical development on a one-point-in-time basis is totally useless. All graphs, grids, growth charts, and so forth are only of value on a longitudinal basis. What constitutes proper growth for one individual does not constitute proper growth for another. Under par growth, which is the same as under-average growth, may be normal in one child and in certain conditions may be accelerated growth in yet another. Poor testing performances could also reflect the inflexibility of the test or tester with respect to a variation of normal in a given individual. If the results are revealed to the parents that their child has not plotted out properly on a Wetzel Grid, this could
Amnioinfusion for the Prevention of the Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: William D. Fraser, Justus Hofmeyr, Roberto Lede, Gilles Faron, Sophie Alexander, François Goffinet, Arne Ohlsson, Céline Goulet, Lucile Turcot-Lemay, Walter Prendiville, Sylvie Marcoux, Louise Laperrière, Chantal Roy, Stavros Petrou, Hai-Rong Xu, Bin Wei
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

It is uncertain whether amnioinfusion (infusion of saline into the amniotic cavity) in women who have thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid reduces the risk of perinatal death, moderate or severe meconium aspiration syndrome, or both.We performed a multicenter trial in which 1998 pregnant women in labor at 36 or more weeks of gestation who had thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid were stratified according to the presence or absence of variable decelerations in fetal heart rate and then randomly assigned to amnioinfusion or to standard care. The composite primary outcome measure was perinatal death, moderate or severe meconium aspiration syndrome, or both.Perinatal death, moderate or severe meconium aspiration syndrome, or both occurred in 44 infants (4.5 percent) of women in the amnioinfusion group and 35 infants (3.5 percent) of women in the control group (relative risk, 1.26; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.95). Five perinatal deaths occurred in the amnioinfusion group and five in the control group. The rate of cesarean delivery was 31.8 percent in the amnioinfusion group and 29.0 percent in the control group (relative risk, 1.10; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.25).For women in labor who have thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, amnioinfusion did not reduce the risk of moderate or severe meconium aspiration syndrome, perinatal death, or other major maternal or neonatal disorders.
Studies of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in Different Animal Models
Authors: Dante G. Scarpelli, M. Sambasiva Rao, Janardan K. Reddy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Pancreatic carcinomas can be induced in rat, guinea pig and hamster by a variety of carcinogens.The types of neoplasms which arise vary with the species of rodent.In the rat, they consist exclusively of acinar cells, in the other species the lesions are adenocarcinomas resembling those derived from pancreatic ductules and ducts, those in hamster more so than in guinea pigs.Careful sequential studies in the guinea pig and hamster suggest that acinar cells together with ductular and duct cells are involved in the genesis of duct adenocarcinomas.In each rodent model, the acinar cell appears to be quite sensitive to continued exposure to carcinogen.In each instance, acini undergo modulation, and in the guinea pig and hamster, permanent metaplastic transformation to ductlike structures.Such cells assume an enhanced capacity for cell proliferation which persists following cessation of carcinogen treatment.Other studies suggest that adult pancreatic acinar cells possess a surprising degree of plasticity.Their involvement in the pathogenesis of neoplasms resembling pancreatic ducts is not unlike other carcinogenic sequences where extensive cell modulation and metaplasia precede and are an integral part of the neoplastic transformation.
Terlipressin and albumin for type-1 hepatorenal syndrome associated with sepsis
Authors: Ezequiel Rodríguez, Chiara Elia, Elsa Solà, Rogelio Barreto, Isabel Graupera, Alida Andrealli, Gustavo Pereira, Maria Poca, Jordi Sánchez, Mónica Guevara, Germán Soriano, Carlo Alessandria, Javier Fernández, Vicente Arroyo, Pere Ginès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
The Patient as Ally — Learning the Pelvic Examination
Authors: Adam J. Wolfberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The gynecology clinic is often a discouraging learning environment for medical students. Although those who complete a third-year clerkship in obstetrics and gynecology may take histories from plenty of women, many find they rarely get an opportunity to perform a pelvic examination: either their preceptors are reluctant to ask patients whether a medical student can examine them or the patients decline.In contrast to ambulatory care, the gynecologic operating room has historically provided medical students with an opportunity to learn this exam: they could perform it in anesthetized patients immediately before surgery. The examination under anesthesia is typically done to . . .
"THE PROPAGANDA OF THE V. M. S. C."
Authors: Daniel Morton
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An editorial comment inThe Journal(Oct. 5, 1918, p. 1141) contains a reference to a proposed resolution in the<i>Bulletin</i>of the Buchanan County Medical Society bearing on the membership therein as related to the Volunteer Medical Service Corps. The<i>Bulletin</i>was in error in stating that the resolution was introduced at the request of the Council of National Defense, Medical Section. It was introduced at the request of the Missouri State Committee of the Council of National Defense, Medical Section.
Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Disease by Liver Biopsy
Authors: M. Macleod, A. L. Stalker
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL JOURNALof the incidence of antibody to thyroglobulin.Further- more, in so far as it has been possible to study the antigen content of human thyroid cells at a subcellular level, complement-fixing antigen and the antigen corre- sponding to the cytotoxic factor have been found to exist in parallel concentrations.Therefore it may reasonably be assumed that the cytotoxic and comple- ment-fixing autoimmune systems are closely associated with each other and, indeed, are probably identical.The rapidity of the cytotoxic effect in vitro is not in accord with the natural history of Hashimoto's or other forms of thyroid disease in which the factor has been found to occur in a high titre, and it is of interest that cells derived from human thyroid but which have not been subjected to trypsin are apparently uninfluenced by the presence in the nutrient medium of "cytotoxic" antibody.A method is described whereby the lymphocytic infiltration characteristic of the Hashimoto goitre may be obtained in pure culture, and it is hoped that this may prove helpful in the attempt to clarify the relation- ship between humoral and cell-bound antibody.
Nephropathy and Establishment of a Renal Reservoir of HIV Type 1 during Primary Infection
Authors: Jonathan A. Winston, Leslie A. Bruggeman, Michael D. Ross, Jeffrey Jacobson, Leora Ross, Vivette D. D'Agati, Paul E. Klotman, Mary E. Klotman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–associated nephropathy is the chief cause of chronic renal disease in patients with HIV-1 infection and is now the third leading cause of end-stage renal disease in blacks 20 to 64 years of age.1,2 These patients typically have proteinuria followed by a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate that progresses to end-stage renal disease in a few weeks or months. HIV-1–associated nephropathy is characterized morphologically by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular microcysts, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation.2–5 The pathogenesis of HIV-1–associated nephropathy is poorly understood, but increasing evidence suggests it is due to HIV-1 infection . . .
Burn Care and Treatment: A Practical Guide. Marc G.Jeschke, Lars-PeterKamolz and ShahriarShahrokhi (eds). Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013; 188 pp. ISBN: 978-3-7091-1132-1. Price £62.99. ISBN: 978-3-7091-1133-8 (ebook). Price £49·99.
Authors: S. Hemington-Gorse
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)
Postsurgical wound infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria in Swiss medical tourists following cosmetic surgery in Latin America between 2012 and 2014
Authors: F P Maurer, C Castelberg, A von Braun, A Wolfensberger, G V Bloemberg, E C Böttger, A Somoskovi
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Between October 2012 and August 2014, several Swiss patients developed severe soft tissue infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria following cosmetic surgery in the Dominican Republic, Ecuador and Mexico. Infections were caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (n=5), Mycobacterium sp. JAN1 (n=1) and M. conceptionense (n=1). Similar cases may have remained unrecognised due to a lack of notification requirements. Microbiological work-up of medical tourists with infections following cosmetic surgery should include rapidly growing mycobacteria.
Ethical conflicts in long-term care of the aged: nutritional problems and the patient-care worker relationship.
Authors: A Norberg, B Norberg, H Gippert, G Bexell
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The patient-care worker relationship was analysed by observation and unstructured group discussion in four long-stay somatogeriatric wards at Saint Lars Hospital. Investigation centred on patients entering the terminal phase who could no longer be spoon-fed. The relationship was complicated and reciprocal, and failure by the care worker to interpret her role and the dying patient's behaviour correctly led to emotional conflict and double-binding, with resultant anxiety for both herself and the patient. Infusions and tube-feeding prescribed in such cases were given not for the patient's benefit but to relieve anxiety in care workers and relatives. Permitting the patient a natural, painless death from water deficiency may be preferable to prolonging pain and discomfort by intervening with infusion and tube-feeding.
A novel C-terminal truncation SCN5A mutation from a patient with sick sinus syndrome, conduction disorder and ventricular tachycardia
Authors: B TAN, P ITURRALDETORRES, A MEDEIROSDOMINGO, S NAVA, D TESTER, C VALDIVIA, T TUSIELUNA, M ACKERMAN, J MAKIELSKI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Objectives Individual mutations in the SCN5A-encoding cardiac sodium channel α-subunit cause single cardiac arrhythmia disorders, but a few cause multiple distinct disorders. Here we report a family harboring an SCN5A mutation (L1821fs/10) causing a truncation of the C-terminus with a marked and complex biophysical phenotype and a corresponding variable and complex clinical phenotype with variable penetrance.
Coronary and Systemic Hemodynamic Effects of Cardiac Pacing in Man with Complete Heart Block
Authors: GEORGE G. ROWE, ROGER R. STENLUND, JAMES H. THOMSEN, WARD TERRY, ALBERTO S. QUERIMIT
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Twelve subjects with an average age of 65.9 years who had complete heart block had cardiac output and coronary blood flow measured at three different rates of pacing. Cardiac output and calculated external work increased with rate from the slow to the intermediate rate, but declined at the fast rate. Even at the intermediate rate, cardiac output remained low as compared to standards for normal younger subjects. Coronary blood flow and left ventricular oxygen usage increased with cardiac rate. Cardiac efficiency, expressed as left ventricular work divided by left ventricular oxygen consumption, tended to decrease as cardiac rate rose; however, these changes were not statistically significant. Lactate consumption increased with rate, but changes in glucose and pyruvate consumption were not significant. Considering the circulatory system as a whole, the intermediate or normal resting rate was more efficient. At this rate the cardiac output and cardiac work were greatest, and the mixed venous oxygen content (which must reflect body tissue oxygenation) was highest, while the cardiac oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow were intermediate.
The new kids on the block: ADAMTSs, potentially multifunctional metalloproteinases of the ADAM family
Authors: Gur P. Kaushal, Sudhir V. Shah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are of vital importance not only for proper cellular homeostasis during embryogenesis and development of an organism, but also in pathological states in diseases ranging from tumor metastasis to AIDS. Tissues owe their dynamic structure both to changes in expression of adhesive proteins and their receptors and to the regulated action of secreted proteinases, particularly members of the metalloproteinase family. Many of these secreted and cell surface proteins and metalloproteinases are found at critical locations that facilitate their involvement in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Metalloproteinases belong to a superfamily of zinc-dependent proteases known as metzincins. Based on sequence and structural similarities, metzincins
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting—Can It Be Eliminated?
Authors: Tong J. Gan
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P1167 rs12979860 IL28B GENOTYPE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVANCED FIBROSIS IN HCV GENOTYPE 1-INFECTED EUROPEAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: RESULTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL GEN-C STUDY
Authors: A. Mangia, V. De Ledinghen, F. Bailly, J. Brahm, J. Keiss, J. Valantinas, N. Rasmann, G. Riachi, D. Messinger, A. Caputo, G.R. Foster
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)