tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of chronic respiratory bronchiolitis in oxidant-exposed populations: analogy to tobacco smoke exposure.
Authors: D V Bates
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Studies in nonhuman primates indicate that one pathophysiologic consequence of ozone exposure is chronic bronchiolitis in terminal bronchioles. Modeling dosimetry suggests that a similar phenomenon is possible in humans. These findings may constitute an important analogy to the respiratory bronchiolitis that is associated with tobacco smoking in young adults. This analogy could form the basis for future research related to chronic respiratory health effects of ozone. The smoking data are reviewed and several research strategies are proposed that will be developed more fully in subsequent articles in this volume.
Elevated Microsatellite Instability at Selected Tetranucleotide Repeats does not Correlate with Clinicopathologic Features of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Maximilian Burger, Sarah J. Burger, Stefan Denzinger, Peter J. Wild, Wolf F. Wieland, Hagen Blaszyk, Ellen C. Obermann, Robert Stoehr, Arndt Hartmann
Journal: European Urology (2006)
GW25-e4195 Influence of Allocryptopine on Reverse Cardiac Electrophysiological Abnormalities in Rabbits
Authors: Fu Yicheng, Yi-Cheng Fu, Chao Zhu, Zhi-Juan Wu, Yu Zhang, Xiao-Qi Li, Xi Chen, Tong Yin, Yang Li
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Effects of incorporation of poly(γ-glutamic acid) in chitosan/DNA complex nanoparticles on cellular uptake and transfection efficiency
Authors: Shu-Fen Peng, Mei-Ju Yang, Chun-Jen Su, Hsin-Lung Chen, Po-Wei Lee, Ming-Cheng Wei, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Mutations in the second zinc finger of human EKLF reduce promoter affinity but give rise to benign and disease phenotypes
Authors: Belinda K. Singleton, Winnie Lau, Victoria S. S. Fairweather, Nicholas M. Burton, Marieangela C. Wilson, Steve F. Parsons, Ben M. Richardson, Kongtana Trakarnsanga, R. Leo Brady, David J. Anstee, Jan Frayne
Journal: Blood (2011)
Genomic scale analysis of NK cells impact on response to IFN-α
Authors: Maria L Ascierto, Harvey Alter, Federica Bozzano, Antonio Picciotto, Simona Marenco, Francesco Marras, Cathy Schechterly, Davide Bedognetti, Valeria De Giorgi, Michele Sommariva, Paolo A Ascierto, Lorenzo Moretta, Ena Wang, Francesco M Marincola, Andrea De Maria
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Recently, several works have shown that both the innate and adaptive immunity contribute to different responsiveness to cancer therapy. Similar portraits have been described in autoimmunity diseases and viral infections. Based on these observations we here explored in hepatitis C
MC1R, ASIP, and DNA Repair in Sporadic and Familial Melanoma in a Mediterranean Population
Authors: Maria Teresa Landi, Peter A. Kanetsky, Shirley Tsang, Bert Gold, David Munroe, Timothy Rebbeck, Jennifer Swoyer, Monica Ter-Minassian, Mohammad Hedayati, Lawrence Grossman, Alisa M. Goldstein, Donato Calista, Ruth M. Pfeiffer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Background: Melanoma risk factors include fair pigmentation, multiple nevi, low DNA repair capacity, and CDKN2A or CDK4 mutations. Variants of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene have been associated with fair pigmentation and melanoma risk, and a polymorphism of the Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) gene has been associated with dark pigmentation. We examined MC1R and ASIP genotypes in relation to phenotypic characteristics, sporadic and familial melanoma risk, and melanoma thickness as an indicator of disease progression in a Mediterranean population. Methods: We studied 267 melanoma patients and 382 control subjects from a case–control study and a family study in northeastern Italy. Host factors were assessed by physical examination, questionnaire, spectrophotometer, and minimal erythema dose measurement. MC1R was sequenced, ASIP was genotyped, and DNA repair capacity was measured by the host–cell reactivation assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression models. Effect modification of the association between MC1R and melanoma risk by phenotypic characteristics and DNA repair capacity was also assessed. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Carrying MC1R variant alleles was associated with a two- to fourfold increase in risk of both sporadic and familial melanoma compared with carrying wild-type MC1R, particularly in individuals carrying multiple variant alleles (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 3.3 to 4.6). This association was stronger in individuals with fewer additional risk factors (those with dark skin or few nevi). MC1R variant allele carriers were also three to four times more likely than were non-carriers to have thick melanomas. The ASIP polymorphism was not associated with pigmentation, nevi, or melanoma risk. Conclusions: MC1R was associated with melanoma risk and progression in a Mediterranean population, particularly in the absence of other strong risk factors, such as freckling or many nevi.
Package Inserts of Drugs —Related Problems
Authors: Benedict R. Harrow
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act has, among other effects, made the package insert of drugs a legal and binding document. In the past these brochures have contained much misinformation. During preparation of a case as a third-party expert witness in a fatal reaction to a urographic contrast agent, I collected the package inserts of various contrast media over a period of ten years. Misstatements that drugs could not be used in tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism, or azotemia were common. Moreover, dosage instructions were unrealistically low. Many of the errors have been corrected in recent brochures, but some still persist. The pamphlets for drugs marketed from 1938 onward are being reviewed by the federal Food and Drug Administration so that many defects may be corrected in time. Even considering these future revisions, I object to having the pamphlets held up as authoritative, legal, and binding documents. First of all,
Religion and governance: strange bedfellows
Authors: A. Jain
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An unexpected turn of events saw a woman referred to as Beatriz get a life saving caesarean section, thanks to doctors in El Salvador who supported her cause, and a rousing international movement. She was earlier denied an abortion, it being criminalised in predominantly Catholic El Salvador, with the ensuing imprisonment of women and doctors (doi:10.1136/bmj.f3612). Timely intervention prevented Beatriz going the same way as Savita Halappanavar did a few months back in Ireland. Savita died after being denied an abortion on the grounds that “it [Ireland] is a Catholic country” (doi:10.1136/bmj.f2208). Her death and Beatriz’s struggle for life raise the question: Why does religion interfere?

A parallel conflict between religion and governance is taking place in the Philippines. At the Women Deliver conference I attended last …
Varieties of Healing
Authors: Donald A. Sandweiss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters6 August 2002Varieties of HealingDonald A. Sandweiss, MDDonald A. Sandweiss, MDBonita, CA 91902Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with puzzlement the articles by Kaptchuk and Eisenberg cataloguing the varieties of “healing” practices prevalent in the United States (1, 2). The only criterion for inclusion in this list seems to be some undisclosed threshold of public acceptance. For the purpose of these articles, the authors recognize that efficacy and outcome are irrelevant and instead offer a taxonomy of assertions and beliefs. They wonder whether, in this postmodern era, belief itself is enough justification for inclusion of a practice as an acceptable therapeutic method.But then why such a short list? The authors admit that ...References1. Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. Varieties of healing. 1: medical pluralism in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:189-95. [PMID: 11487486] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. Varieties of healing. 2: a taxonomy of unconventional healing practices. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:196-204. [PMID: 11487487] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bonita, CA 91902 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoVarieties of Healing. 1: Medical Pluralism in the United States Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Varieties of Healing. 2: A Taxonomy of Unconventional Healing Practices Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Varieties of Healing Linda L. Barnes Varieties of Healing Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Metrics 6 August 2002Volume 137, Issue 3Page: 217KeywordsHipPneumoniaStenosis ePublished: 6 August 2002 Issue Published: 6 August 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Geographic Diversity in Tuberculosis Trends and Directly Observed Therapy, New York City, 1991 to 1994
Authors: AMY L. DAVIDOW, MICHAEL MARMOR, PHILIP ALCABES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The New York City tuberculosis (TB) case rate declined from 1991 to 1994 following more than a decade of increases. The present study investigated TB trends in New York City neighborhoods and their association with neighborhood-specific rates of application of directly observed therapy (DOT). Using Poisson regression models, TB trends in each of New York City's 30 health districts were classified as increasing, decreasing, or stable, as indicated respectively by significant positive, negative, or nonsignificant regression coefficients. Case counts increased in four health districts, decreased in 10, and were stable in 16. Decreasing TB was associated with a higher rate of application of DOT. TB cases among foreign-born persons increased in 12 health districts and were stable in 18, whereas cases among persons born in the United States decreased in 19 and were stable in 11 districts. Among the foreign-born, increasing TB was not associated with a lesser rate of application of DOT. These data provide some support for the role of DOT in containing TB, but also suggest that the application of DOT among foreign-born residents is less effective than among United States-born residents. This may be due to a greater proportion of TB cases among the foreign-born being due to reactivation of TB rather than new infection.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Choking Phobia: 3 Case Studies
Authors: Susan G. Ball, Michael W. Otto
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

The present study describes 3 case examples of patients with choking phobia who were given a brief, cognitive-behavioral treatment that combined the interventions of psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, interoceptive and in vivo exposure. This program was designed to address fears of anxiety and choking sensations as well as fears of swallowing. The patients were treated for 11–13 sessions. All 3 patients responded to the program as measured by their progression on their food hierarchy and by weight gain. Issues in the treatment of these patients are discussed.
P110 Interleukin-33 in Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: NJ Green, MI Suwara, LA Borthwick, DA Mann, AJ Fisher
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> IL33, a member of the IL-1 superfamily has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and postulated to play an aetiological role in several non-pulmonary fibrotic diseases. IL-33 expression has predominantly been reported in mucosal surfaces. We hypothesised lung epithelium might act as a source of IL33 release into the microenvironment as a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP); propagating pro-inflammatory/fibrotic pathways. We evaluated tissue expression of IL-33 from a range of chronic lung diseases and assessed release in response to airway epithelial damage <i>in vitro</i>. Finally, we determined if IL-33 was detectable in BAL of lung transplant patients developing Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS). <h3>Methods</h3> Expression of IL-33 in chronic lung disease was evaluated by immunohistochemistry from patients with IPF(n=3), COPD(n=3), Bronchiectasis(n=3) and CF(n=3). Epithelial damage was induced in Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells and 16HBE14o- cells by oxidative stress or freeze/thaw and release of IL33 evaluated by ELISA and Western Blot. BAL was prospectively collected(n=207) from post lung transplant patients(n=26) and IL-33 concentration measured by ELISA. BAL samples were classified as Non –BOS(n=116) or BOS(n=91) on the basis of histological and clinical data. Co-existing presence of infection was identified by standard microbiological culture. <h3>Results</h3> IL33 was strongly expressed in airway epithelia with a predominant nuclear location. This was more marked in chronic lung diseases with an infective aetiology (CF and bronchiectasis). IL33 was not detectable in response to airway epithelial cell injury <i>in vitro</i>. However, IL-33 levels were elevated in BAL of individuals with BOS(p=0.011). Longitudinal analysis of 26 individuals spanning the time frame of initial BOS diagnosis demonstrated a trend towards increased concentration of IL-33 in BAL in the immediate period following BOS diagnosis. There was a strong association between elevated IL-33 levels and the presence of BOS with concomitant infection(p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> IL33 is strongly expressed in the airway epithelium in chronic respiratory diseases but does not appear to be passively released as a DAMP in airway epithelial cell damage. Elevated IL33 with infection in the post transplant population suggests sources other than epithelium may be important but further work is required to evaluate the relevance and significance of these observations.
CONSERVATIVE PERINEAL PROSTATECTOMY.A PRESENTATION OF NEW INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIC.
Authors: HUGH. H. YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The literature of the prostate and its operative treatment has become so vast that I will not attempt to discuss the many valuable articles which bear on this subject, but will simply present a résumé of my own work and the problems which have presented themselves. My first prostatectomy<sup>1</sup>was in 1898, a patient on whom a suprapubic opening had been made for drainage. At this operation a tremendous intravesical outgrowth of the middle lobe was found, and as there was very little enlargement of the lateral lobes, I enucleated the mass through the suprapubic wound, with the assistance of a finger in the rectum (Fig. 1), a method which has also been employed by Guiteras, and described<sup>2</sup>by him in 1900. The next three cases presented no median enlargements, the hypertrophy being confined to the lateral lobes. Following the advice of Alexander, I used the combined method, removing the
Iatrogenic Fungal Meningitis
Authors: Abe M. Macher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters5 March 2013Iatrogenic Fungal MeningitisAbe M. Macher, MDAbe M. Macher, MDFrom Rockville, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303050-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his commentary, Perfect (1) recalls the 2002 North Carolina outbreak of “Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis meningitis related to contaminated, injectable, preservative-free methylprednisolone acetate prepared from a [South Carolina] compounding pharmacy.” He reports that “voriconazole successfully treated these cases of iatrogenic fungal meningitis except for 1 fatality.” There were 2 fatalities, in fact.In December 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported (2) that a 77-year-old woman with E. dermatitidis meningitis died 51 days after hospitalization, and 3 additional patients with E. dermatitidis meningitis were hospitalized. It noted that 1 of those patients was a 71-year-old ...References1. Perfect JR. Iatrogenic fungal meningitis: tragedy repeated [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:825-6. [PMID: 23080380] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy—United States, July-November 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:1109-12. [PMID: 12530707] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Pharmacists Mutual v. Seyster, No. 06-1334 (4th Cir. January 30, 2007). Accessed at www.ca4.uscourts.gov on 17 November 2012. Google Scholar4. Brown D. Previous fungal meningitis outbreak a decade ago resulted in no oversight changes. The Washington Post. 5 November 2012. Accessed at http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-11-05/national/35505699_1_fungal-meningitis-outbreak-patient-specific on 17 November 2012. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Rockville, Maryland.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIatrogenic Fungal Meningitis: Tragedy Repeated John R. Perfect Metrics 5 March 2013Volume 158, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 364KeywordsAtaxiaConflicts of interestHospitalizationsMeningitisPain managementStroke ePublished: 5 March 2013 Issue Published: 5 March 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Help a Snorer
Authors: E. Fritz Schmerl
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Snoring caused by upper airway obstruction is commonly considered not more than a domestic nuisance. However, as Guilleminault et al<sup>1</sup>have pointed out, it may be associated with the sleep apnea syndrome—a matter of serious clinical concern. Guilleminault et al reported that no less than 96% of people who suffer from apneic periods lasting 20 sec or more had snored before the age of 21 years. Concomitant features such as excessive daytime somnolence, hypnagogic hallucinations, automatic behavior, morning headaches, abnormal motor activity during sleep, nocturnal enuresis, and cyclic hypertension should alert the physician to intervention. Robins<sup>2</sup>recommends simple positioning in bed. Yet, many people change their position while asleep and end up lying on their back. In a recent letter inThe Journal, Broomes (1980;244:1783) advised, more specifically, a novel use of the cervical collar. It is to counteract the forward sagging of the head.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide In Vivo Positive Inotropy Is Attributable to Regional Sympatho-Stimulation and Is Blunted in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Tatsuo Katori, Donald B. Hoover, Jeffrey L. Ardell, Robert H. Helm, Diego F. Belardi, Carlo G. Tocchetti, Paul R. Forfia, David A. Kass, Nazareno Paolocci
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a nonadrenergic/noncholinergic (NANC) peptide with vasodilatative/inotropic action that may benefit the failing heart. However, precise mechanisms for its in vivo inotropic action remain unclear. To assess this, dogs with normal or failing (sustained tachypacing) hearts were instrumented for pressure-dimension analysis. In control hearts, CGRP (20 pmol/kg per minute) enhanced cardiac contractility (eg, +33+/-4.2% in end-systolic elastance) and lowered afterload (-14.2+/-2% in systemic resistance, both P<0.001). The inotropic response was markedly blunted by heart failure (+6.5+/-2%; P<0.001 versus control), whereas arterial dilation remained unaltered (-19.3+/-5%). CGRP-positive inotropy was not attributable to reflex activation because similar changes were observed in the presence of a ganglionic blocker. However, it was fully prevented by the beta-receptor antagonist (timolol), identifying a dominant role of sympatho-stimulatory signaling. In control hearts, myocardial interstitial norepinephrine assessed by microdialysis almost doubled in response to CGRP infusion, whereas systemic plasma levels were unchanged. In addition, CGRP receptors were not observed in ventricular myocardium but were prominent in coronary arteries and the stellate ganglia. Ventricular myocytes isolated from normal and failing hearts displayed no inotropic response to CGRP, further supporting indirect sympatho-stimulation as the primary in vivo mechanism. In contrast, the peripheral vasodilatative capacity of CGRP was similar in femoral vascular rings from normal and failing hearts in dogs. Thus, CGRP-mediated positive inotropy is load-independent but indirect and attributable to myocardial sympathetic activation rather than receptor-coupled stimulation in canine hearts. This mechanism is suppressed in heart failure, so that afterload reduction accounts for CGRP-enhanced function in this setting.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Studies of Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: ROBERT E. NYE, FRANK W. LOVEJOY, PAUL N. YU
Journal: Circulation (1957)

In many instances myocardial fibrosis mimics constrictive pericarditis so closely, both hemodynamically and clinically, that the diagnosis can be made with certainty only at operation or autopsy. In the 3 cases presented here certain distinctions can be made that suggest that the differentiation can sometimes be made by careful analysis of pressure contours from the right heart.
Artifactual Focal Accumulation of Tc-99m Bone Imaging Tracer in the Chest Technical Note (Bone Imaging Artifact)
Authors: J L TATUM, T S BURKE, J I HIRSCH, M J FRATKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Four patients undergoing routine bone imaging with a Tc-99m bone imaging agent were observed to have multiple focal areas of increased uptake in the lungs. Delayed or repeat examination demonstrated resolution of the areas. The authors conclude that this was an isolated and bizarre case of aggregate formation.
Jaundice in a Patient Receiving Acetohexamide
Authors: Melvin J. Goldstein, A. Jerald Rothenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

WE have recently had the opportunity to study a patient in whom postnecrotic cirrhosis developed while he was taking acetohexamide (Dymelor), and we believe that the cirrhosis was secondary to this drug.Case ReportA 58-year-old custodian was well except tor diabetes mellitus until September, 1964, when thrombophlebitis developed. Chlorothiazide, 500 mg., and acetohexamide, 500 mg. daily, were given. Three weeks later he became jaundiced and was referred to the Veterans Administration West Side Hospital.The patient was asymptomatic but had noted dark urine and light stools 5 days before admission. There had been no history of transfusions, injections, contact . . .
New UK policy on overseas doctors: What future for international medical graduates in the NHS?
Authors: Nigel G Richardson, Omatseye Edema
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Of 449 applications for six posts on our basic surgical training scheme which started in August 2005, 78% graduated from non-European Union (EU) countries, 61% coming from India. In all, 276 doctors from India applied for a place on a scheme in a district hospital. Anecdotal evidence suggests …