tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The View from the Other Side — Patients, Doctors, and the Power of a Camera
Authors: Gretchen Berland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Gretchen Berland and Galen Buckwalter on video recording and revelations about interactions between physicians and patients with disabilities. (07:57)Download By the time Galen Buckwalter's physician knocked on the exam-room door, Buckwalter's video camera had been recording for nearly 40 minutes. He had booked the appointment because his shoulders were hurting, and the camera recorded his view of the examination table, the comments he made while waiting and, eventually, a largely transactional and superficial exchange with his physician. Two weeks later, in his home, the camera would record a strikingly different take on his shoulder pain — a growing problem that, Buckwalter worried aloud, might cost him even more of his cherished independence.As an internist, I was disturbed by . . .
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Harry Goldblatt, Jerome Gross, Ramon F. Hanzal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Excision of the thoracic portion of the splanchnic nerves and the lower four dorsal sympathetic ganglia on both sides failed to prevent the development of persistent hypertension which, in dogs, follows the production of renal ischemia by partial clamping of the renal arteries (1). In dogs with this type of experimental renal hypertension existent for varying lengths of time (up to about 4 years), excision of the splanchnic nerves and the lower four dorsal sympathetic ganglia failed to effect any degree of permanent lowering of the blood pressure. For the dog, at least, these results tend to minimize the importance of the splanchnic vasomotor mechanism in the pathogenesis of renal hypertension. This is in agreement with the conclusions of Prinzmetal and Wilson (6) and of Pickering (7) about the part played by the vasomotor system in human hypertension. It is also in agreement with the work of Page (8), and of Collins (9), who showed that in dogs excision of the extrinsic renal nerves alone does not prevent experimental hypertension due to renal ischemia. Although the results of this investigation fail to give experimental support for the operation that is being practised on human beings with hypertension, yet they do not necessarily controvert the reports of beneficial effects in some cases of human hypertension. Further study of the effects on man is necessary before the results of this operation can be adequately evaluated.
Reactions to current influenza vaccine
Authors: D K Payler
Journal: BMJ (1976)

experienced" GPs turned, with each "modu- lation" of the Nuffield "circus," into an exercise in educational methods-fishbowls, role-play, self-assessment, peer assessment, interminable MCQs, MEQs, etc, etc.Each session became an educational exercise in itself-"it's not what you teach-it's the way that you teach it."Surely, training's missed the point if it's not primarily aimed at consumer satisfaction.Not enough is written of what the trainee has learnt or wants to learn and far too much of educational principles, objective evaluation, etc.Methinks, Nuffield supporters, you protest too much.
Trafficking of immune cells in the central nervous system
Authors: Emma H. Wilson, Wolfgang Weninger, Christopher A. Hunter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The CNS is an immune-privileged environment, yet the local control of multiple pathogens is dependent on the ability of immune cells to access and operate within this site. However, inflammation of the distinct anatomical sites (i.e., meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and parenchyma) associated with the CNS can also be deleterious. Therefore, control of lymphocyte entry and migration within the brain is vital to regulate protective and pathological responses. In this review, several recent advances are highlighted that provide new insights into the processes that regulate leukocyte access to, and movement within, the brain.
Alcohol and Other Drugs -- Toward a More Rational and Consistent Policy
Authors: Marcia Angell, Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Mind-altering drugs of one type or another have been with us for thousands of years, and in every society some people become dependent on these drugs, perhaps because they find life without them too harsh or are otherwise susceptible. Societies have dealt with such drugs in different ways, but very few have tried to ban them altogether. In the United States, cocaine and heroin were banned in 1914, alcohol in 1920, and marijuana in 19371. The ban on alcohol was lifted in 1933, although alcohol has since been regulated. Caffeine and cigarettes, which have relatively mild short-term psychoactive effects . . .
Anticipated and Actual Effects of Medicaid on the Medical-Care Pattern of Children
Authors: Klaus J. Roghmann, Robert J. Haggerty, Rodney Lorenz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract As a follow-up to an earlier study of anticipated changes in health behavior after enrollment in the New York Medicaid program, we compared the actual changes with the anticipations of the consumers and the intentions of the legislators. Although the program enrolled over 90 per cent of the eligible child population in the community, this did not lead to a medical-care pattern for the Medicaid-registered families similar to that of other families. Little change in source, frequency and purpose of care was observed. Poor families were still more likely to receive less care, to depend more on public clinics and to have a higher proportion of illness-related rather than preventive medical contacts. Instead of diminishing socioeconomic differentials as intended by the legislators, the better financing of the care of the poor led to a solidification of the old separate two systems.
A CASE OF SELF-MUTILATION
Authors: D. J. A. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THE following report is of considerable medico-legal interest, and though cases of self-mutilation occasionally occur, chiefly in asylums, the accompanying illustrations are probably unique in the annals of forensic medicine..The deceased was a healthy man until two years before his death, when he contracted rheumatism, which prevented him from working.Sinee then he had been unemployed, and his landlady noticed that he was becoming strange in his manner.About 10.30 one morning he left the house, saying hle would return, at midday for his dinner; he appeared to be depressed,
Recurrent in-frame insertion in C/EBPα TAD2 region is a polymorphism without prognostic value in AML
Authors: V Biggio, A Renneville, O Nibourel, N Philippe, L Terriou, C Roumier, P Amouyel, D Cottel, S Castaigne, H Dombret, X Thomas, P Fenaux, C Preudhomme
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Replacement of cholesterol gallstones by murideoxycholyl taurine gallstones in prairie dogs fed murideoxycholic acid
Authors: Bertram I. Cohen, Nariman Ayyad, Erwin H. Mosbach, Charles K. McSherry, Naoyuki Matoba, Alan F. Hofmann, Huong-Thu Ton-Nu, Ying Peng, Claudio D. Schteingart, Richard J. Stenger
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effect of two hydrophilic bile acids, murideoxycholic acid (3α,6β-dihydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid) and ursodeoxycholic acid, on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and hepatic pathology and gallstone composition was studied in the prairie dog. Cholesterol gallstones were induced by feeding a diet containing 1.2% cholesterol for 75 days. The animals were divided into six groups, and gallstone regression was studied as follows: groups 2 and 5, chow plus 0.2% cholesterol; groups 3 and 6, chow plus 0.2% cholesterol plus 0.15% ursodeoxycholic acid; groups 4 and 7, chow plus 0.2% cholesterol plus 0.15% murideoxycholic acid. Animals in groups 2 to 4 were killed after an additional 6 wk; animals in groups 5 to 7 were killed after an additional 12 wk. Gallstone dissolution did not occur in any group. The gallstones in groups 2, 3, 5 and 6 were typical cholesterol aggregates, as determined by polarized light microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The gallstones of the murideoxycholic acid group were large, solitary, dark stones that appeared radiopaque under 22 kVp x-ray examination. Scanning electron microscopy showed that in these stones the cholesterol crystals had been replaced by an amorphous material, both within the stone and on the stone surface. Chemical analysis indicated that at the end of 12 wk the calcium/sodium salt of the taurine conjugate of murideoxycholic acid (murideoxycholyl taurine) comprised 70% of the stones; protein, cholesterol and small amounts of other bile salts were also present. In vitro studies confirmed the insolubility of the sodium and calcium salts of murideoxycholyl taurine. These studies indicate that the hydrophilic bile acids, murideoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, did not achieve gallstone dissolution under the conditions used. In the animals fed murideoxycholic acid, an insoluble calcium salt of murideoxycholyl taurine replaced cholesterol as the major constituent of gallbladder stones. This is the first example of an insoluble dihydroxy taurine-conjugated bile acid; administration of the unconjugated bile acid induced precipitation of a kind of gallstone not previously reported. The final result was transformation of cholesterol stones to bile salt stones. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:158-168.)
Peripheral Arterial Compliance Differs Between Races
Authors: Elisabete S. Pinto, Raphaela Mensah, Karim Meeran, James D. Cameron, Nirupa Murugaesu, Christopher J. Bulpitt, Chakravarthi Rajkumar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Patients with type 2 diabetes have two to three times the risk of dying prematurely from cardiovascular disease than their nondiabetic counterparts (1). Many studies have shown that arterial compliance is reduced in type 2 diabetes and that arterial stiffness increases with deteriorating glucose tolerance status, even before the onset of type 2 diabetes (2–4). In a previous brief report, we studied Afro-Caribbean and white Caucasian subjects with diabetes and found a decrease in peripheral arterial compliance in the Afro-Caribbean subjects (5). We also reported an accelerated rate of aging in the elastic arteries of diabetic patients reaching a plateau by the age of …
The rational design of potential chemotherapeutic agents: Synthesis of bryostatin analogues
Authors: Paul A. Wender, Kevin W. Hinkle, Michael F. T. Koehler, Blaise Lippa
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1999)

The bryostatins are a unique family of cancer chemotherapeutic candidates isolated from marine bryozoa. While their molecular mode of action is not known, these macrolactones exhibit high affinities for protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, compete for the phorbol ester binding site on PKC, and stimulate kinase activity in vitro and in vivo. Unlike the phorbol esters, they do not act as tumor promoters. Despite promising biological properties, the supply of these compounds is limited by the difficulty of their isolation from natural sources and their synthetic complexity. A new class of bryostatin analogues which retain the putative recognition domain of the bryostatins but are simplified through deletions and modifications in the C1—C14 spacer domain have been designed using computer models. A convergent synthesis has been realized for the production, in gram quantities, of these recognition and spacer domains whose coupling allows for the generation of a range of analogues. The final closure process involves a novel macrotransacetalization reaction which proceeds with complete stereoselectivity. The solution structures of two synthetic analogues were determined by NMR spectroscopy and found to be very similar to the previously reported structures of bryostatins 1 and 10. In addition, these structures appear to indicate that the stereochemistry of the C3 hydroxyl group plays a significant role in the conformation of the macrolactone. All analogues bound strongly to a mixture of PKC isozymes, and several exhibited significant levels of in vitro growth inhibitory activity against human cancer cell lines. Taken together, this work provides important steps toward the development and understanding of simplified, synthetically accessible analogues of the bryostatins as potential chemotherapeutic agents. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 19, No. 5, 388–407, 1999.
STUDIES BASED ON A MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

The results of seven methods of transplantation of a malignant tumor of the rabbit are reported and contrasted with results obtained by intratesticular inoculation. It was found that inoculations made into the brain, the anterior chamber of the eye, and the muscles gave an almost uniform series of takes with the production of comparatively large and vigorously growing tumors. Intracutaneous inoculations were less favorable, while with subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal inoculations, a growth was obtained in only 20 to 25 per cent of the animals. In contrast with the malignant course of the disease produced by testicular transplantation, the tumors produced by methods other than intracerebral inoculation were relatively benign. In all cases, the growth was of a purely local character; in some instances, there was invasion of the surrounding tissues with local or regional extension of the growth, but no metastases developed in distant organs. Tumors in the brain soon caused death as a result of pressure, and the ultimate fate of tumors in the eye was not determined, but the growth produced by other methods of local inoculation was of relatively short duration and terminated with spontaneous resolution. It was found that while a good growth could be obtained with material which had been subjected to repeated freezing, thawing, and grinding, the use of cell-free filtrates or desiccated tumor tissue gave negative results. In discussing the experiments reported, it was pointed out that there were three groups of factors which had played important parts in determining the results of transplantation. These were the capacity for growth of the tumor cells, animal resistance, and the advantage given the tumor or the animal by the use of a particular method of inoculation. From an analysis of the results obtained with reference to the operation of these factors, the conclusion was reached that while the quality of malignancy displayed by the tumor was conditioned upon the capacity for growth of the tumor cells, the degree of malignancy exhibited in any given instance was a function of animal resistance which was not entirely specific but corresponded closely with the ability of the animal to meet excess demands arising from other causes and, to this extent, represented an expression of the functional capacity of a mechanism which is concerned primarily with the maintenance of the general animal economy.
Further Observations on Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in Chinese
Authors: G. F. STRONG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 October 1932Further Observations on Primary Carcinoma of the Liver in ChineseG. F. STRONG, M.D., H. H. PITTS, M.D.G. F. STRONG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. H. PITTS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-4-485 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn a previous article1in 1930 we reported nine cases of primary carcinoma of the liver seen at the Vancouver General Hospital between 1920 to 1927, inclusive. Eight of these were Chinese and one a white man. We now add three additional cases seen in the four years, 1928 to 1931, of which two are Chinese and one white this total of twelve cases of undoubted primary carcinoma of the liver in the twelve year period is large, and is an indication of the extreme frequency of this type of malignancy among these Chinese. Analysis of the incidence in the...Bibliography1 STRONGPITTS GFHH: Primary carcinoma of the liver, Arch. Int. Med., 1930, xlvi, 105-120. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 COUNSELLORMCINDOE VSAH: Primary carcinoma of the liver, Arch. Int. Med., 1928, xxxvii, 363-387. Google Scholar3 MAXWELL JL: Cancer among the Chinese, China Med. Jr., 1928, xliii, 69-80. Google Scholar4 EGGEL H: Quoted by Counsellor and McIndoe. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. F. STRONG, M.D.; H. H. PITTS, M.D.Affiliations: Vancouver, B. C.Presented at the San Francisco meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 5, 1932. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRight-sided pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma: A form of adrenal metastasisCASE REPORT: Right-sided periadrenal metastasis supplied by the hepatic artery. Clue to the genesis of pedunculated hepatocellular carcinomaLeberPrimary Carcinoma of The LiverRESCUE IN THE MINESNEW SALARY-SCALES FOR DENTAL TECHNICIANSPRIMARY HEPATIC CARCINOMAPRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE LIVERPrimary Carcinoma of the LiverIncidence of malignant tumors in chinese, especially in formosaDie Krankheiten der Leber und der GallenwegePrimary Carcinoma of the LiverSome Practical Aspects of Cancer PreventionPRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE LIVER—25 YEAR STUDY*G. F. STRONG, M.D., H. H. PITTS, M.D., J. G. MCPHEE, M.D.Primary carcinoma of the liverPrimary carcinoma of the liverCarcinoma of the Liver—Primary and SecondaryPrimary carcinoma of the liver 1 October 1932Volume 6, Issue 4Page: 485-496KeywordsLiver ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
INTRAVENOUS ENDOTHELIAL-LIKE CELLS DIFFERENTIATED FROM MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ACCELERATE RE-ENDOTHELIZATION IN BALLOON-INJURED RAT
Authors: Ki-Chul Hwang, Min-Ji Cha, Heesang Song, Byeong-Wook Song, Eunju Choi, Onji Ham, Namsik Chung, Yangsoo Jang, Ki-Chul Hwang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Cirrhosis in the Era of Liver Transplantation
Authors: Eytan Mor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Purpose: To review the treatment of cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of liver transplantation and to determine the most appropriate approach to the treatment of patients at different stages of disease. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search of English-language articles published between 1981 and 1997 and the clinical experience of the Mount Sinai Liver Transplant Program. Study Selection: Selected studies were 1) original articles reporting results of resection and transplantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients and 2) initial reports from major transplantation centers of multimethod therapies combining chemotherapy with transplantation. Data Extraction: Study designs were assessed with careful attention to methods and aims. Relevant data on patient population, tumor stage distribution, treatment, survival, and rate of recurrent disease were extracted and analyzed. Data Synthesis: Options for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients vary according to tumor stage and severity of underlying liver disease. Resection remains an important method primarily in eastern countries, where the screening of high-risk populations has been associated with early detection of small asymptomatic lesions. Long-term survival after resection, however, is low. In western countries, liver transplantation is becoming the treatment of choice in patients with advanced cirrhosis and small, unresectable lesions; resection is reserved for cirrhotic patients with small, peripheral lesions and preserved hepatic function. Minimally invasive procedures (such as percutaneous ethanol injection and transarterial chemoembolization) have been developed to treat unresectable tumors. Transarterial chemoembolization may also be effective in patients with advanced cirrhosis and unresectable lesions who are awaiting transplantation. Conclusions: The efficacy of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma has been proven mainly in patients with advanced cirrhosis and small lesions. Future studies may clarify the role of approaches combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy with transplantation for large (stage III) tumors.
Laboratory and human studies on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related compounds.
Authors: R D Kimbrough
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Similar qualitative toxic effects have been observed in animals for a class of halogenated aromatic compounds, which include the halogenated biphenyls, naphthalenes, dibenzodioxins, and dibenzofurans. All of these compounds are lipid soluble and persist in the environment and in mammals. The polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are the most persistent. They are predominantly stored in fatty tissue; they pass the placenta and are excreted in milk. Some isomers of the halogenated biphenyls are more toxic than others. With some exceptions, the more toxic isomers are retained longer in tissues and are also the carcinogenic components of the mixture. Most of these chemicals seem to be promoters of carcinogenesis in animals rather than initiators. An array of toxic effects in laboratory animals has been ascribed to these compounds and numerous reviews summarizing this information are available. Less information is available on the human health effects of environmental and occupational exposure. Results of recent studies in animals to further elucidate the effects of these chemicals are presented, and results from some human studies conducted in the United States are reviewed.
Mr. Addison on the Physiology of Cells
Authors: W. Addison
Journal: BMJ (1844)

monitory symptoms, I concluded he was going to have scarlet fever, but that was not the case.Two other children have had sore throats, with enlarged tonsils covered by patches of lymph, accompanied by low fever.They are now (February 3) invalids, having enlarged tonsils, furred tongues, &c.
Stopping outbreaks with real-time genomic epidemiology
Authors: Patrick Tang, Jennifer L Gardy
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

One of the most successful public health applications of next-generation sequencing is whole-genome sequencing of pathogens to not only detect and characterize outbreaks, but also to inform outbreak management. Using genomics, infection control teams can now track, with extraordinarily high resolution, the transmission events within outbreaks, opening up possibilities for targeted interventions. These successes are positioning the emerging field of genomic epidemiology to replace traditional molecular epidemiology, and increasing our ability to limit the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms.
SEQUENTIAL BRAIN SPECT WITH Tc-99m-ECD IN THE TREATMENT OF DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMERʼS TYPE (DAT) WITH LINOPIRDINE (LP)
Authors: L. Lamki, B. Barron, J. Lesser, S. Kumar, V. Ephron, R. Jacobs
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Lamki, L.; Barron, B.; Lesser, J.; Kumar, S.; Ephron, V.; Jacobs, R. Author Information
Intermittent Common Bile Duct Obstruction at Ampulla of Vater due to Chicken Bone Impaction: Diagnosis by Hepatobiliary Imaging
Authors: BHASKARA K. RAO, LIONEL M. LIEBERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

A patient with intermittent ascending cholangitis was evaluated for extrahepatic biliary obstruction with Tc- 99m-pyridoxylidene glutamate. Imaging demonstrated incomplete obstruction of the distal common bile duct. At surgery, a chicken bone was found to be impacted at the ampulla of Vater in the afferent limb of a Billroth II gastroenterostomy.