tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ARSPHENAMIN POISONING
Authors: SOMA WEISS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The frequency, the etiology, and the pathologic significance of fatal and nonfatal accidents following the administration of arsphenamin are still to a great extent obscure. It is of practical interest, therefore, to publish an analysis of accidents due to arsphenamin and to present the record of an attempt to approach one phase of the clinical problem with the help of animal experiments.  The surviving patients under consideration were admitted to Bellevue Hospital during the last ten years, and reports of fatalities were taken from the records of the chief medical examiner of New York City.  The pathologic examinations of the bodies of patients following fatal accidents with arsphenamin, in which there was no clinical or anatomic picture of acute yellow atrophy of the liver, revealed findings that explained why arsphenamin caused death, as I shall show presently. In fatal cases of acute yellow atrophy, on the other hand, no predisposing
SYPHILIS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE USE AND ABUSE OF MERCURY AND IODIN IN ITS TREATMENT.
Authors: WILLIAM M. LESZYNSKY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Syphilis of the nervous system and its treatment is a subject of such magnitude and universal importance that it can not be satisfactorily dealt with in a brief discourse. My remarks will therefore be confined more particularly to intracranial syphilis, this being the commonest type of the disease with which we have to deal. Syphilis is one of the most frequent infectious causes of organic nervous disease. Hence, in every patient who appears with symptoms of disease affecting the nervous system, we must ascertain, if possible, whether he has ever contracted syphilis. This is comparatively difficult with women patients. In every doubtful case we are forced to depend on the existence or non-existence of somatic signs of the disease, the collateral symptomatology, and the character and course of the nervous manifestations. When it is discovered that syphilis has been acquired at some more or less remote period, it does not
Dominant negative mutations of the scavenger receptor. Native receptor inactivation by expression of truncated variants.
Authors: S Dejager, M Mietus-Snyder, A Friera, R E Pitas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The bovine scavenger receptor was truncated at amino acid 266 or 310 to delete either all or part, respectively, of the collagen-like domain. The truncated receptors were inactive in the binding and internalization of acetyl (Ac) low density lipoprotein (LDL). Coexpression of truncated receptor with the native receptor dramatically reduced the percentage of cells internalizing fluorescently labeled Ac LDL, compared with cells expressing the native receptor alone. The mutant truncated at amino acid 266 was most effective in receptor inactivation, resulting in a 42% or 80% decrease in the percentage of cells expressing active receptor when transfected in a 1:1 or 1:2 molar ratio (native:mutant), respectively, with native receptor. Degradation of 125I-Ac LDL was reduced up to 90% when the native and truncated mutant receptors were coexpressed. Scavenger receptor inhibition was specific because the activity of the LDL receptor was not altered. Transient transfection of the mouse macrophage cell line P388D1 with truncated scavenger receptor resulted in a 65% decrease in the uptake and degradation of Ac LDL but did not decrease the degradation of beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein, which is LDL receptor-mediated. These results demonstrate that expression of truncated bovine scavenger receptor inactivates both the native bovine and murine scavenger receptors, producing a dominant negative phenotype in vitro.
Chemical and biochemical approaches in the study of histone methylation and demethylation
Authors: Keqin Kathy Li, Cheng Luo, Dongxia Wang, Hualiang Jiang, Y. George Zheng
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2012)

Abstract Histone methylation represents one of the most critical epigenetic events in DNA function regulation in eukaryotic organisms. Classic molecular biology and genetics tools provide significant knowledge about mechanisms and physiological roles of histone methyltransferases and demethylases in various cellular processes. In addition to this stream line, development and application of chemistry and chemistry‐related techniques are increasingly involved in biological study, and offer information otherwise difficult to obtain by standard molecular biology methods. Herein, we review recent achievements and progress in developing and applying chemical and biochemical approaches in the study of histone methylation, including chromatin immunoprecipitation, chemical ligation, mass spectrometry, biochemical methylation and demethylation assays, and inhibitor development. These technological advances allow histone methylation to be studied from genome‐wide level to molecular and atomic levels. With ChIP technology, information can be obtained about precise mapping of histone methylation patterns at specific promoters, genes, or other genomic regions. MS is particularly useful in detecting and analyzing methylation marks in histone and nonhistone protein substrates. Chemical approaches that permit site‐specific incorporation of methyl groups into histone proteins greatly facilitate the investigation of biological impacts of methylation at individual modification sites. Discovery and design of selective organic inhibitors of histone methyltransferases and demethylases provide chemical probes to interrogate methylation‐mediated cellular pathways. Overall, these chemistry‐related technological advances have greatly improved our understanding of the biological functions of histone methylation in normal physiology and diseased states, and also are of great potential to translate basic epigenetics research into diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the clinic. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev., 32, No. 4, 815‐867, 2012
Q-Wave vs Non—Q-Wave Infarction: An Oversimplified Dichotomy
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Moss' perceptive Editorial on the "oversimplified dichotomy" between "Q-wave" and "non—Q-wave" myocardial infarction expresses much needed caution about this and related simplifications.<sup>1</sup>Moreover, it points up the pernicious influence of flawed terminology, the history of which is instructive in this case. Moss cites the simultaneous publications in 1983 by Phibbs<sup>2</sup>and by me,<sup>3</sup>pointing out that Q waves were not reliable markers for identifying anatomically transmural lesions and, moreover, that the original literature "establishing" this was seriously misleading on examination of the authors' own data.<sup>3</sup> My original article was entitled "Q-Wave Infarction vs S-T Infarction," so as to propose to embrace all infarcts (excepting the occasional patient with no significant electrocardiographic change).<sup>3</sup>The terms "Q-wave" and "non—Q-wave" infarctions were first coined in a letter by respected cardiologists.<sup>4</sup>Unfortunately, this terminology, probably due to its distinguished provenance, was rapidly taken up
Advanced Hodgkin's disease in a pregnant HIV seropositive woman: Favorable mother and baby outcome following combined anticancer and antiretroviral therapy
Authors: A. Klepfish, A. Schattner, M. Shtalrid, L. Shvidel, A. Berrebi, Z. Bentwich
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We describe a 33 y/o HIV(+) woman who developed advanced Hodgkin's disease (HD) during the 2nd trimester of her pregnancy. Combination chemotherapy and antiretroviral treatment along with opportunistic infection prophylaxis were administered. At term, while in partial remission, she delivered by a Caesarian section a healthy baby, PCR-negative for HIV. A complete remission was later achieved upon completion of the chemotherapy regimen. Since both the incidence of HD and the proportion of young women among the HIV(+) individuals are increasing, it seems important to recognize that successful completion of pregnancy with no deterioration of accepted surrogate parameters of HIV disease progression is achievable in a carefully treated HIV(+) pregnant woman with advanced HD.
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Louis Zetzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

CHRONIC ulcerative colitis is a disease of unknown etiology, with a variable and unpredictable course. In spite of clinical remissions, the likelihood of recurrences is ever present.1 , 2 These considerations make it difficult to evaluate the efficacy of any specific therapy and necessary to rely on empiric measures to control symptoms and complications in addition to restoring blood, fluid, electrolyte and other deficiencies. Although no method of medical management has proved uniformly successful, the effectiveness of these measures will determine the degree to which the patient can be maintained as an economically and socially useful person or regress to the point . . .
Some Dynamic and Transactional Aspects of Family Therapy with Psychotic Patients
Authors: Hilel Klein, Shmuel Erlich
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

The application of family therapy to families with psychotic patients involves both technical and theoretic observations and underpinnings. The implications of these for the understanding of certain family dynamics and the use of family therapy in general are investigated. The rhythm of real participation and observation on the therapist's part and the utilization of co-therapists is contrasted with a more authoritarian, 'director' model of intervention. Tendencies in these families towards frozenness and immobility, as well as splitting and chaos, must be counteracted, and are reflected in interactions and transactions between co-therapists. The importance of unravelling these patterns and aiding therapists in the framework of a specially designed, ongoing supervisory seminar is stressed.
Additive Value of Semiautomated Quantification of Coronary Artery Disease Using Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography to Predict Future Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Mathijs O. Versteylen, Bas L. Kietselaer, Pieter C. Dagnelie, Ivo A. Joosen, Admir Dedic, Rolf H. Raaijmakers, Joachim E. Wildberger, Koen Nieman, Harry J. Crijns, Wiro J. Niessen, Mat J. Daemen, Leonard Hofstra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tobacco Addiction and Compassion
Authors: Donald Oken
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To  Editor.—  The Journaldid itself proud with  Nov 23/30 issue on  health aspects of smoking. Beyond  wealth of useful information and wise commentary, lessons are to be learned from a synthesis of  separate contributions when they are viewed from a psychosomatic perspective.  Pollin's editorial1explicates  key issue: cigarette smoking, perhaps the single largest preventable cause of disease and death in  country, typically represents a true addiction.  Rational choice can be one important factor in  initial decision about smoking. Efforts to reduce  positive mystique associated with smoking, so well illustrated by  cover, are crucial for  next generation. But for most adults, these are too late. Once addiction occurs,  powerful forces of habituation and physical dependence resist efforts to change it. Indeed, most adults began smoking in an era when its health hazards were unclear, often when they were
Health services for prisoners
Authors: M. Levy
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Still cause for concern, but also for hope

The World Prison Brief currently records 9 949 696 prisoners in the world,1 a decrease from the number reported in the BMJ in 1997.2 Russia has released many prisoners, but China still accounts poorly for its prisoner numbers. Notably, it is the reporting of prisoner numbers that has improved. If a state deprives citizens of their liberty, then at the very least they must be publicly accounted for.

The number of countries abolishing the death penalty or implementing alternative sentences is increasing.3 Fifty six countries executed prisoners in 2001, but only 18 did so in 2009. The death penalty is the ultimate denial of a person’s health, and its continued use must be vigorously opposed by health professionals⇓.



Ian Waldie/Getty

The World Health Organization acknowledges the public health risks of incarceration and the potential opportunities for connecting with otherwise inaccessible citizens to engage in health interventions.4 Since 1995, the Health in Prisons Programme has helped the vestigial health services in …
Circadian Rhythms of Cardiovascular Functions Are Modulated by the Baroreflex and the Autonomic Nervous System in the Rat
Authors: Mitsutaka Makino, Hiroshi Hayashi, Hiroto Takezawa, Makoto Hirai, Hidehiko Saito, Shizufumi Ebihara
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We assessed the hypothesis that the baroreflex and the autonomic nervous system are important in the control of the circadian rhythms of cardiovascular functions. Methods and Results We continuously measured blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and locomotor activity in sinoaortic denervated (SAD), sympathectomized, and atropine-injected rats by use of a radiotelemetry system. The circadian rhythm of mean blood pressure (MBP) was selectively disrupted in SAD rats under 12-hour light-dark (LD12:12) cycles as a result of an increase in MBP during the light period and disappeared under constant darkness (DD). The locomotor activity and HR were not remarkably affected by SAD. The circadian rhythm of MBP was suppressed in sympathectomized rats by a decrease in the MBP during the dark period, and the abrupt changes in MBP when the lighting was altered were not seen under LD. Under DD, an MBP rhythm similar to that observed under LD was obtained. Sympathectomized rats also showed lower HR levels during the dark period than intact rats under LD cycles. In atropine-injected rats, the MBP and HR increased, especially during the light period, resulting in a reduction of light-dark differences in MBP and HR. The locomotor activity showed an apparent 24-hour variation in the sympathectomized and atropine-injected rats. Conclusions The disruption of the baroreflex selectively eliminates the circadian rhythm of BP, and the circadian rhythms of BP and HR are modulated by the autonomic nervous system in rats. The circadian rhythms of BP and HR are regulated by different mechanisms involving the autonomic nervous system.
Saline frontal lobotomy in the treatment of intractable pain
Authors: P. Gutterman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Prefrontal saline lobotomy was performed for intractable pain in 20 patients. Satisfactory results were obtained in 15, with a follow up in some approaching one year (average three months). One patient died of intracerebral bleeding and two patients remained stuporous until death. Among survivors, there were only transient changes in personality and no serious psychiatric complications. Prefrontal saline lobotomy is preferred to other methods of lobotomy because it does not require special equipment and is relatively safe and effective.
Paraphenylenediamine, a contact allergen, induces oxidative stress and ICAM-1 expression in human keratinocytes
Authors: M. PICARDO, CLAUDIA ZOMPETTA, CINZIA MARCHESE, CHIARA DE LUCA, A. FAGGIONI, R.J. SCHMIDT, B. SANTUCCI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

In an investigation of the role of keratinocytes in the pre-immunological phase of contact allergy, we have studied the effect of paraphenylenediamine (PPD) on cell proliferation, membrane lipid peroxidation and the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Because PPD undergoes rapid autoxidation in the culture medium, the effect of PPD-modified medium on keratinocyte proliferation and ICAM-1 expression was also examined. PPD at low concentrations (up to 10 micrograms/ml) and with low exposure times (0.5 h) enhanced keratinocyte proliferation, but at high concentrations and with longer exposure times resulted in cell stasis and toxicity. These effects and the enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation that was also observed can be ascribed to the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by the autoxidation of PPD in the medium. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, PPD induced ICAM-1 expression on the keratinocytes. PPD-modified medium was also cytotoxic to the keratinocytes and induced ICAM-1 expression in non-cytotoxic concentrations. It appeared that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide were not responsible for the cytotoxicity. These results are consistent with the view that oxidative stress may be an essential part of the pre-immunological phase in the induction of allergic contact dermatitis.
Ruby laser treatment for hirsutism: clinical response and patient tolerance
Authors: None Sommer, None Render, None Burd, None Sheehan-Dare
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We report the results of a study of the ruby laser in normal mode for treatment of hirsutism in 43 patients with skin types I–IV. A pulse width of 950 μs, a 4 mm spot and a fluence sufficient to produce minimal whitening of the epidermis were used (mean 48 J/cm2). In each patient, one site was treated once only, and a second site received four treatments at monthly intervals. After a single treatment, hair counts had reduced to a mean of 46% (median 67, reduced to 26) of the pretreatment values at 1 month, but increased to 80% (median 42) at 3 months and were 66% (median 37) at 6 months. One month after three treatments, hair counts had reduced to a mean of 29% (median 60, reduced to 15) of pretreatment values, and 3 months after four treatments at the same site, counts had increased to 44% (median 21). Patient tolerance of the treatment was good and higher fluences tended to be tolerated at consecutive visits. The first treatment was followed by mild, short-lived erythema and swelling in 60% (25 of 42) patients. Fourteen per cent (six of 42) experienced mild blistering and 33% (14 of 42) crusting. More severe reactions were seen infrequently. These results indicate that normal mode ruby laser treatment is well tolerated. Sustained reduction in hair counts can be achieved for at least 6 months, and multiple treatments produce greater clinical effects.
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CERVICAL ADENITIS OF INFANCY.
Authors: THOMAS S. SOUTHWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The condition to which I would direct your attention within the brief limits of this paper is by no means rare to those who have considerable clinical experience among children, and deserves to be qualified by the words "of infancy" inasmuch as the great majority of the cases occur in children under 2 years of age. At this period of life the lymphatic system is especially vulnerable and the lymph nodes in the cervical region particularly liable to infection and suppuration. While in a few of the cases met, the infection of the gland has been preceded by and is traceable to some infected cutaneous lesion, in the vast majority of the most typical cases it seems evident that they are dependent on absorption from the nasopharyngeal space. The degree of inflammation in the nasopharynx seems to bear but little relation to the occurrence of the glandular swelling, many young
Influence of Patient, Physician, and Hospital Factors on 30-Day Readmission Following Pancreatoduodenectomy in the United States
Authors: Omar Hyder, Rebecca M. Dodson, Hari Nathan, Eric B. Schneider, Matthew J. Weiss, John L. Cameron, Michael A. Choti, Martin A. Makary, Kenzo Hirose, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Joseph M. Herman, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

IMPORTANCE It is not known whether hospital and surgeon volumes have an association with readmission among patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy.To evaluate patient-, surgeon-, and hospital-level factors associated with readmission.Retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data with cases diagnosed from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2005, and followed up until December 2007. Population-based cancer registry data were linked to Medicare data for the corresponding patients. A total of 1488 unique individuals who underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy were identified.Undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy at hospitals classified by volume of pancreatoduodenectomy procedures performed at the facility were either very-low, low, medium, or high volume. Undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy by surgeons classified by volume of pancreatoduodenectomy procedures performed by the surgeon were either very-low, low, medium, or high volume.In-hospital morbidity, mortality, and 30-day readmission were examined.The median age was 74 years, and 1436 patients (96.5%) had a least 1 medical comorbidity. Patients were treated by 575 distinct surgeons at 298 distinct hospitals. Length of stay was longest (median, 17 days) and 90-day mortality highest (17.2%) at very-low-volume hospitals (P < .001). Among all pancreatoduodenectomy patients, 292 (21.3%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. There was no effect of surgeon volume and a modest effect of hospital volume (odds ratio for highest- vs lowest-volume quartiles, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.22-2.80; P = .02). The presence of significant preoperative medical comorbidities was associated with an increased risk for hospital readmission after pancreatoduodenectomy. A comorbidity score greater than 13 had a pronounced effect on the chance of readmission following pancreatoduodenectomy (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.56-2.71; P < .001). The source of variation in readmission was primarily attributable to patient-related factors (95.4%), while hospital factors accounted for 4.3% of the variability and physician factors for only 0.3%.Nearly 1 in 5 patients are readmitted following pancreatoduodenectomy. While variation in readmission is, in part, attributable to differences among hospitals, the largest share of variation was found at the patient level.