tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Counsel women about increased risks associated with pregnancy at later age, study recommends
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A study that looked at data on more than eight million live births in the United States shows that the most common complications of pregnancy facing mothers aged ≥45 years are raised blood pressure, preterm birth, and excessive bleeding during labour.

Labour is also more likely to be prolonged or dysfunctional in this age group, and the risk of breech or caesarean delivery is higher, says the study, which was published online on 8 February in Human Reproduction (http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org, doi: 10.1093/humrep/del522).

“This analysis demonstrates the substantial increased risks of pregnancy …
Covering Wounds With Cultured Keratinocytes
Authors: David T. Woodley
Journal: JAMA (1989)

One of the marvels of mammalian integument is the ability for wounds to heal. Unfortunately, the time from the onset of the wound until the time of healing may be prolonged and fraught with complications, morbidity, and even death. Disruption of the cutaneous barrier allows the possibility of water and electrolyte aberrations, infection, metabolic disturbances, and immune suppression in addition to short- and long-term pain. In recent years, a number of investigators have sought to develop a therapeutic approach to improving wound closure by using keratinocyte sheets generated from tissue culture. Keratinocytes in culture have the unique ability to proliferate rapidly and to stratify into an epidermal sheet that can be released from the Petri dishes, handled manually, and placed on wound beds. A functional tissue can thereby be generated from a limited number of cells in culture. Culture-derived tissue is useful for covering wounds because a small 5- to
Aortic regurgitation: A common complication after surgery for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zion Sasson, Tim Prieur, Yoanna Skrobik, John C. Fulop, William G. Williams, Mark A. Henderson, Cris Gresser, E.Douglas Wigle, Harry Rakowski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
On the Value of the Preparations of Iron in the Treatment of Inflammation and Some Other Febrile Conditions
Authors: R. W. Crighton
Journal: BMJ (1869)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 70UPNAL.[Jan. 9, i869.ligature, upon the hcaling of the wound, will require more extended expe- rience.Mly own observation is, thus far, certainly in its favour.Some of the wounds, in wlhichl several vessels were twisted, have healed quite
Man and His Future: A Ciba Foundation Volume
Authors: Richard L. Reece
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In his preface to<i>Man and His Future</i>, editor Gordon Wolstenholme of the Ciba Foundation states, "This book should make people think." It does, and for that reason, is worthy of purchase. To create the book, Ciba applied its usual formula. It gathered together 27 distinguished men of science (among them six Nobel laureates), mixed 16 prepared papers with seven yeasty discussions, and distilled the essence from the ferment. In the result there appear some uncertain and even grim forecasts for man, but the fresh breezes of the open discussion blow away any traces of gloom. The papers have a broad scope, including birth control, world resources, automation, eugenics and genetics, the future of disease, and the "biological possibilities of the human species for the next ten thousand years." In the discussions two doubts keep rearing up, doubts concerning man's wisdom in tinkering with his "natural processes," and his ability
Pfizer conducts survey of French patients on information provided by industry
Authors: Barbara Mintzes
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Pfizer's French headquarters is surveying groups of patients in France on whether legal restrictions in Europe on the types of information that drug companies can provide to patients should be lifted.

Some health experts see the survey as part of a push by the drug industry to allow direct advertising of drugs to European consumers.

The six question survey, which has been criticised for being biased, begins by asking whether patients believe that health information “can be distributed only by public institutions” and goes on to ask whether the law prohibiting companies from mentioning the name and the characteristics …
Abstract 922: ABTL0812: A new drug class with oral antitumor action inhibiting mTOR activity and DHFR expression
Authors: Jose Alfon, Jordi Espadaler, Jose A. García-Martínez, Jose Miguel Lizcano, Carles Domènech
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract ABTL0812* is a lipid analogue that has shown high efficacy by the oral route in mouse models of cancer. Here we show that two clinically validated targets are responsible for the cytotoxic effect of ABTL0812: mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), as shown by the dramatic reduction in S6 phosphorylation, and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), as shown by its reduced expression, resulting in autophagic cell death. Moreover, the compound's cellular potency increases with incubation time, and it has a long lasting cytotoxic effect after removing the compound from the incubation medium. In vivo efficacy was determined in a human lung cancer xenograft model by subcutaneously injecting A549 human lung adenococarcinoma cells into nu/nu mice. ABT0812 was administered daily at two dose levels and its impact on tumor volume was measured. ABT0812 showed a similar efficacy to docetaxel but with much lower toxicity, and better efficacy than erlotinib. Histological analysis of the tumors revealed increased necrotic area, more inflammatory cells and fewer cells undergoing mitosis. Additionally, plasma levels of ABTL0812 were inversely correlated with tumor volume, reinforcing the concentration-effect relationship. A parallel study was performed to evaluate ABTL0812 efficacy in a pancreatic cancer model. Nu/nu mice were subcutaneously injected with MiaPaCa-2 cells and the volume of xenograft was used as a measurement of efficacy. Again, ABTL0812 showed a statistically significant reduction of tumor volume, increased tumor cell death, and better tolerance than gemcitabine in the mice. DMPK properties in rats and dogs showed very low in vitro hepatic metabolism, ∼50% bioavailability and half lives that calculate to single daily oral administration. Safety pharmacology studies with very high doses of the compound showed no impact on the central nervous system. Ongoing toxicological studies show that the margin between efficacy and toxicity is broad. In conclusion, ABTL0812 is a lipid analogue that hits two clinically validated targets: mTOR and DHFR. This multitarget property increases antitumor efficacy and reduces drug resistance. In addition, preliminary in vivo results indicate that the potential therapeutic margin will be high. * Protected by PCT WO 2010/106211, by Escribá Ruiz PV, et al., licensed to AB-Therapeutics, SL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 922. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-922
Nutrition and the Kidney
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This represents a reasonable approach to a difficult and controversial topic. Many aspects of nutritional therapy remain imperfectly understood; yet doctors have always believed that dietary manipulation should exert a decisive influence on many disease processes. On this basis they have fasted fevers, then fed fevers, starved ulcers and then again fed them, the fashions often changing with explosive suddenness. Yet skeptics have long noted that diets work least for those who need them most, that compliance is traditionally low, and that most diets are too complicated to be followed by the average patient. The same skeptics have also observed that very few dietary treatments have stood the test of time. Who would have thought 20 years ago that all the ulcer regimens, with their carefully prescribed bland soups and slops, would give way to a single tablet of H<sub>2</sub>inhibitor taken at night before retiring! Yet within these
Whereabouts of Mr. Orriss Wanted.
Authors: Chas. W. Wainwright
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Princess Anne, Md., June 10, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A Mr. A. W. Orriss is operating among physicians, exchanging old medical books for new ones. Will any one knowing the whereabouts of such a person kindly communicate with
Changes in Renal Function After Implantation of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Tal Hasin, Yan Topilsky, John A. Schirger, Zhuo Li, Yanjun Zhao, Barry A. Boilson, Alfredo L. Clavell, Richard J. Rodeheffer, Robert P. Frantz, Brooks S. Edwards, Naveen L. Pereira, Lyle Joyce, Richard Daly, Soon J. Park, Sudhir S. Kushwaha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF A NEW ANTIDEPRESSANT: G-33040
Authors: F. E. KRISTOF, A. S. MACPHERSON, M. BROWN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

G-33040 was administered to 18 depressed patients in a general hospital setting. Of these, 15 ( 83%) were rated as being somewhat or much improved. It is of note that 2 of the 3 patients who did not respond to this medication were also resistant to other antidepressant therapy. Fourteen of our patients showed a small but noticeable decrease in manifest anxiety following administration of the drug. At the dosage used, no subjective side-effects were noted. There was no hypotensive effect and no urinary or blood changes. Elevation of total serum bilirubin from 0.80 to 1.20 mgm. % ( normal under 0.90) and elevation of prothrombin time from 13 sees. to 14 secs. ( control 12 secs.) was noted in one patient. However transaminase and cephalin flocculation remained normal and unchanged. It would appear that G-33040 is a safe and useful antidepressant in a general hospital setting.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy, Serum CA125, and Peritoneal Metastasis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: T. Fujimura, S. Kinami, I. Ninomiya, H. Kitagawa, S. Fushida, G. Nishimura, M. Kayahara, K. Shimizu, T. Ohta, K. Miwa
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Peritoneal metastasis is a crucial factor for the prognosis in gastric cancer, but its diagnosis is difficult before laparotomy. We report on the utility of laparoscopy and its indications in the detection of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.A total of 39 patients with gastric cancer underwent laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology investigation in our department, between April 1992 and April 2000. Laparoscopic diagnosis for peritoneal metastasis (LP-P) was determined through macroscopic, pathological and cytological diagnoses. All the patients underwent diagnostic imaging with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound before laparoscopy. Carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, and CA125 levels in serum and peritoneal fluid were measured using enzyme immunoassay.Laparoscopic diagnosis for peritoneal metastasis gave negative results in 21 patients and positive results in 18. All the patients with negative LP-P findings underwent surgery; 18 of the 21 patients showed no peritoneal metastasis, but three were diagnosed as having peritoneal metastasis, one at the pouch of Douglas and two at the mesentery. The diagnosis of all the patients with positive LP-P findings was finally confirmed as correct. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of laparoscopy for peritoneal metastasis were 100 % (18/18, 95 % CI 0.82 - 1), 86 % (18/21, 95 % CI 0.64 - 0.97), and 92 % (36/39, 95 % CI 0.79 - 0.98), respectively. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of diagnostic imaging for peritoneal metastasis were 100 % (18/18, 95 % CI 0.82 - 1), 38 % (8/21, 95 % CI 0.18 - 0.62), and 67 % (26/39, 95 % CI 0.50 - 0.81), respectively. All of the 11 patients showing high levels of serum CA125 (equal to or more than 35 U/ml) had peritoneal metastasis whereas 17 of the 26 patients with low levels of serum CA125 (less than 35 U/ml) did not ( P < 0.001).The sensitivity of laparoscopy for peritoneal metastasis was much higher than that of diagnostic imaging. Laparoscopy and serum CA125 level both predicted peritoneal metastasis, but the degree, volume, or distribution of peritoneal metastasis was disclosed only by laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is a useful way of detecting peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer, and patients with an elevated level of serum CA125 are the best candidates for laparoscopy.
Evaluating the Value of Number of Cycles of Docetaxel and Prednisone in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gregory R. Pond, Andrew J. Armstrong, Brian A. Wood, Melissa Brookes, Lance Leopold, William R. Berry, Ronald de Wit, Mario A. Eisenberger, Ian F. Tannock, Guru Sonpavde
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Clinical freedom and scientific fact
Authors: I Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A recent BBC Panorama programme on breast cancer attacked the concept of clinical freedom, showing that whether a woman gets optimal treatment depends on the consultant she is sent to. Dabbling general surgeons who operate on only a few patients with breast cancer a year are seen as part of the reason why British five year survival rates for breast cancer are 6% less than the continental European figures. Non-specialists often don't know the scientific literature, and fail to implement the optimal therapeutic regimens.

I know nothing about cancer treatment, but I do know that my clinical psychology colleagues in this country would defend clinical freedom, …
A 21-Year-Old Man With Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Mark P. Callery
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Chronic pancreatitis is a disease for which the diagnosis may be difficult to ascertain and the treatments are limited. Using the case of a 21-year-old man who has had recurrent episodes of epigastric pain since age 10 years and was ultimately diagnosed as having idiopathic pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic duct stones, we discuss the evaluation and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Diagnosis is based on thorough history taking, physical examination, and carefully selected imaging studies. Etiologies may be structural or nonstructural; genes predisposing to chronic pancreatitis have been identified. An evidence-based approach to treatment is limited by a paucity of randomized controlled trials. We address the patient's concerns regarding chronic pancreatitis, including what he should expect over the next several years, whether endoscopic or surgical therapies should be considered, and whether there are any cures.
A META-ANALYSIS STUDY FOR ESTABLISHING THE PROGNOSTIC EFFICACY OF ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION BY IODINE-123-METAIODOBENZYLGUANIDINE IMAGING IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Tomoaki Nakata, Kenichi Nakajima, Shohei Yamashina, Shu Kasama, Takahisa Yamada, Mitsuru Momose, Toshiki Matsui, Shinro Matsuo, Mark Travin, Arnold Jacobson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Trolamine Salicylate Cream in Osteoarthritis
Authors: William M. O'Brien
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent report by Algozzine et al, "Trolamine Salicylate Cream in Osteoarthritis of the Knee" (1982;247:1311), raises two issues, one involving the design of the trial reported and the other involving the possible role of nonperoral medications in the treatment of arthritis. Several features of Algozzine and colleagues' trial design virtually guaranteed that the topical salicylate being tested would appear to be largely ineffective. Most important, while the preparation studied is indicated for the treatment of minor aches and pains associated with arthritis and rheumatism, more than half of Algozzine's patients had fairly severe or very severe osteoarthritis: 13 of the 25 patients were in American Rheumatism Association (ARA) functional class III ("limited only to little or none of duties in usual occupation or self care"); 14 of the 25 had advanced disease (stage 3 or 4) by radiological standards, involving major loss of cartilage in the
Childhood cancer in relation to a modified residential wire code.
Authors: D A Savitz, W T Kaune
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Several studies have found associations between wire configuration codes, a proxy for historical residential magnetic field exposure, and childhood cancer. The Wertheimer-Leeper coding method was modified by eliminating the distinction between thick and thin primaries, distinguishing only between open and spun secondaries, and reducing the number of categories from five to three. The association between the modified code and measured magnetic fields was similar to the association with the original wire code. The modified code was used to reanalyze data from a case-control study of childhood cancer in the Denver metropolitan area. In the original study, cases were diagnosed from 1976 to 1983 among children under age 15 and compared to controls selected through random digit dialing. Wire codes for the residence at diagnosis yielded imprecise elevations of two and above for very high current configuration homes or modest 1.5-fold elevations for a dichotomous wire code. In contrast, the modified Wertheimer-Leeper code generated risk estimates that were both precise and markedly elevated for the high wire code (HWC) compared to low wire code (LWC) classifications, with medium wire code (MWC) showing little or no increase in risk. High wire code yielded odds ratios of 1.9 for total cancers (95% CI: 1.1-3.2), 2.9 for leukemias (95% CI: 1.5-5.5), and 2.5 for brain cancer (95% CI: 1.1-5.5) that were not confounded by measured potential risk factors for childhood cancer. These risk estimates are larger than the dichotomized results and more precise than those from the original five-level wire code, though limitations in the original study remain, particularly potential control selection bias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: effects on endothelial function and NAD(P)H oxidase-expression
Authors: Rainer Hambrecht, Sandra Erbs, Volker Adams, Yves Baither, Nicolle Kränkel, Yanwen Shu, Silke Krabbes, Jan F. Gummert, Friedrich W. Mohr, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Transgenic Overexpression of RasGRP1 in Mouse Epidermis Results in Spontaneous Tumors of the Skin
Authors: Carolyn E. Oki-Idouchi, Patricia S. Lorenzo
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract RasGRP1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras and a receptor of the second messenger diacylglycerol and its ultrapotent analogues, the phorbol esters. We have recently shown expression of RasGRP1 in the epidermal keratinocytes where it can mediate Ras activation in response to the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a well-known mouse skin tumor promoter. To explore the participation of RasGRP1 in skin carcinogenesis, we targeted the overexpression of RasGRP1 to basal epidermal keratinocytes using the keratin 5 promoter. These transgenic mice were viable and indistinguishable from their littermates, with normal differentiation and skin architecture. However, a percentage of the adult transgenic population developed spontaneous skin tumors, mainly squamous cell papillomas. The transgene was detected in the tumors as well as in primary keratinocytes isolated from transgenic mice. The transgenic keratinocytes also displayed elevated levels of active, GTP-loaded Ras compared with the levels observed in keratinocytes derived from wild-type littermates. We noticed a correlation between tumor incidence and wounding, which suggests that RasGRP1 overexpression may confer sensitivity to promotional stimuli, like wound repair mechanisms. Interestingly, we also found elevated levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in conditioned media derived from transgenic keratinocytes subjected to in vitro wounding. Taken together, these data are the first to provide evidence of a novel role for RasGRP1 in skin carcinogenesis and suggest that RasGRP1 may participate in tumorigenesis through modulation of Ras and autocrine pathways. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):276–80]
S41 Impact of alveolar nitrogen excretion on washout accuracy and progression in a model of multiple breath nitrogen washout
Authors: AR Horsley, J Nielsen, N Nielsen
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The advantages of multiple breath washout tests, and in particular lung clearance index (LCI), over conventional spirometry in cystic fibrosis (CF) are now well established. Although the majority of studies have used exogenous sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) as the tracer gas this has also led to an increased interest in nitrogen washout tests, despite the differences between these methods. Although it is increasingly appreciated that the two systems may produce different results in patients with lung disease, the impact on nitrogen washout progression of body nitrogen excreted across the alveoli has previously been ignored. <h3>Methods</h3> A two compartment lung model was developed that included ventilation heterogeneity and dead space (DS) effects, but also incorporated previous experimental data from adults on nitrogen excretion. The model was used to assess the impact of nitrogen excretion on washout progress and accuracy of functional residual capacity (FRC) and LCI measurements at varying degrees of DS and ventilation heterogeneity. An estimate was also made of the effects in children, based upon extrapolation adult clinical data. <h3>Results</h3> Excreted nitrogen had a small effect on accuracy of FRC (1.8%) in the healthy adult model. The error in LCI calculated with true FRC was greater (6.3%), and excreted nitrogen contributed 21% of the total nitrogen concentration at the end of the washout. Increasing DS caused further increase in measurement error, whilst increasing ventilation heterogeneity caused a bell shaped curve with initially increasing error falling again as ventilation heterogeneity approached a maximum. LCI was increased by 6–13% in a CF child model, and excreted nitrogen increased the end of washout nitrogen concentration by 24–49%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Excreted nitrogen appears to have complex but clinically significant effects on washout progress, particularly in the presence of abnormal gas mixing. This may explain much of the previously described differences in washout outcomes between SF<sub>6</sub> and nitrogen. Caution should be applied in applying conclusions derived from using one tracer gas to another.
Mycosis fungoides—a disease of antigen persistence
Authors: R. S.-H. TAN, C. M. BUTTERWORTH, H. McLAUGHLIN, SAMUEL MALKA, P. D. SAMMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

The function of B- and T-lymphocytes in nineteen patients with classical Alibert's mycosis fungoides (MF) was studied. In general there was no evidence of immune depression, not even in those with the disease for many years. The distribution of B-cells in the peripheral blood was normal. No immunoglobulin- bearing lymphocytes were detected in freshly liberated cells from the skin lesions or on direct immunofluorescence microscopy of those lesions. Serum IgE levels were significantly elevated, even though only two of the patients were atopic. 'Auto-antibodies' were detected in thirteen patients. Two cases of malignant lymphoma and one of Sézary syndrome contrasted strikingly with the mycosis fungoides (MF) group. Our findings support the hypothesis that mycosis fungoides (MF) is a chronic granulomatous response to persistent unidentified antigen(s), upon which immune imbalance can develop resulting in 'auto-immune' phenomena and, in a few cases, the emergence of various lymphoreticular neoplasms.