tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global Health and Service
Authors: Carlos Franco-Paredes, Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The brain, circadian rhythms, and clock genes
Authors: M. Hastings
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Reduction of residual albuminuria during single–agent renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade is accompanied by improved cardiorenal outcomes in CKD. We studied the individual and combined effects of the vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol (PARI) and dietary sodium restriction on residual albuminuria in CKD. In a multicenter, randomized, placebo (PLAC)–controlled, crossover trial, 45 patients with nondiabetic CKD stages 1–3 and albuminuria &gt;300 mg/24 h despite ramipril at 10 mg/d and BP&lt;140/90 mmHg were treated for four 8-week periods with PARI (2 <i>μ</i>g/d) or PLAC, each combined with a low-sodium (LS) or regular sodium (RS) diet. We analyzed the treatment effect by linear mixed effect models for repeated measurements. In the intention-to-treat analysis, albuminuria (geometric mean) was 1060 (95% confidence interval, 778 to 1443) mg/24 h during RS + PLAC and 990 (95% confidence interval, 755 to 1299) mg/24 h during RS + PARI (<i>P</i>=0.20 versus RS + PLAC). LS + PLAC reduced albuminuria to 717 (95% confidence interval, 512 to 1005) mg/24 h (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001 versus RS + PLAC), and LS + PARI reduced albuminuria to 683 (95% confidence interval, 502 to 929) mg/24 h (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001 versus RS + PLAC). The reduction by PARI beyond the effect of LS was nonsignificant (<i>P</i>=0.60). In the per-protocol analysis restricted to participants with ≥95% compliance with study medication, PARI did provide further albuminuria reduction (<i>P</i>=0.04 LS + PARI versus LS + PLAC). Dietary adherence was good as reflected by urinary excretion of 174±64 mmol Na<sup>+</sup> per day in the combined RS groups and 108±61 mmol Na<sup>+</sup> per day in the LS groups (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001). In conclusion, moderate dietary sodium restriction substantially reduced residual albuminuria during fixed dose angiotensin–converting enzyme inhibition. The additional effect of PARI was small and nonsignificant.
TCT-468 Impact of Successful Thrombus Retrieval During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Thrombus Aspiration on Infarct Size and Microvascular Obstruction: Insight From Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Romain Chopard, Philoktimon Plastaras, Jerome Jehl, Vincent Descotes-Genon, Marie-France Seronde, Sebastien Janin, Bruno Kastler, Francois Schiele, Nicolas Meneveau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia and Psychological Stress-Reply
Authors: Michael A. Brodsky
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  The letter by Dr Sinatra raises important issues regarding the association between psychological stress and cardiac arrhythmia. He details a number of potential physiological and biochemical factors that can be measured in individuals with this disorder. We did evaluate a number of these parameters in our patients at various times during their assessment. Two patients had labile hypertension. In the other patients, baseline cardiovascular physiological parameters, including total peripheral resistance, were normal. We measured urinary vanillylmandelic acid and catecholamine levels in two patients, and these were normal as well. During these periods, patients experienced the stress associated with hospitalization and invasive cardiac testing. However, at that time we did not subject the patients to a systematic program of induced psychological stress. We are currently using psychological stress testing in patients with these types of disorders.
THE HAZARDS OF INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTIONS
Authors: SAMUEL F. RAVENEL
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Intraperitoneal injections of physiologic solution of sodium chloride, first introduced by Blackfan and Maxcy 1 in 1918, have been employed extensively in the treatment of dehydration in infants. More recently the administration of dextrose, 2 diphtheria antitoxin, 3 neoarsphenamine, 4 iron 5 and blood 6 has been recommended by this route. Some authors 7 have considered typing or cross agglutination unnecessary preliminary to this method of blood transfusion.  The use of the intraperitoneal route permits more rapid introduction into the body of relatively larger quantities of fluid than is possible by hypodermoclysis. It is also easier than venipuncture; hence its popularity in the treatment of infants by physicians in the numerous small hospitals in which interns are not available.  Some of the dangers of this procedure, as illustrated by the cases reported in this article, are:   Perforation of the intestine.  The introduction of incompatible blood into the circulation.  Hemorrhage from
SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH DUODENAL RETENTION AND REVERSE MOTILITY
Authors: HOMER WHEELON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In a previous communication, 1 it was pointed out that a mass of barium injected into the duodenum was partially divided and passed in opposite directions along that viscus. Similar movements were shown to occur in conditions that permitted the accumulation of barium at any point along the course of the duodenum following the taking of a barium meal. From these observations it was concluded that distention of the duodenum was sufficient stimulus to excite contractions of the musculature about the mass and the subsequent passage of contraction waves in opposite directions along the longitudinal axis of the duodenum. Roentgenographic examinations of the gastro-intestinal tract on a series of 398 consecutive patients over a period of three years corroborate the findings and conclusions previously derived.  Early in the study of duodenal motility, it became apparent that definite symptoms were either directly associated with or immediately followed reverse movements of barium.
THE IDIO-VENTRICULAR RHYTHM: A CLINICAL CASE WITH POLYGRAPHIC RECORDS
Authors: C. A. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1913)

THE IDIO-VENTRICULAR RHYTIDT.' THEB Ti 901 point or the other assumptions that underlie the statement that the method I have outlined gives the true systolic pressure in the radial artery.I do, however, wish to point out that all that can be asserted is that the systolic pressure -was 120 mm. in the artery observed at tlle moment of observationi.From tlle fact thiat in hlealthy young adults in the recumbent postuire the systolic pre3sure in the posterior tibial arterv is fonnd to -be. about the same as in tlle radial wlhen simifarly mieasured, there seems to llave arisen a supposition, tacit perhaps rather tllan avowed, that the systolic pressure in all the arteries of the body would be muchl the same.Thlis is a very large suppositioln, and, as I believe, an erroneous one.Having already demonstrated that a record of systolic pressure is of slight value in, the absence of a simultaneous record of diastolic pressure, we next have to ask, Whllat are the instruments which afford the information that we seek?Instrurments recording both pressures arc few in number, and of these the best are the splygmomDanometer of Erlanger and the sphygmo-oscillometer of Paclhon.For graphic records of physiological blood pressure in-suitable cases Erlanger's apparatus lhas considerable utility.In clinical medicine, nevertlheless, its employment is contra- indicated, since it is too complicated, cumbersome, and expensive for purposes other than those of the laboratory.No suclh objections-apply to Pachon's splhygmlo-oscillometer, wlhiclh is less expensive, easily portable, and simple in application.Moreover, if properly usecl, it eliminates tlle personal equation, so tllat, having now used this instrument for upwards of tlhree years, and having tested it against a large number of other apparatus, I am able to say that witlh it I have obtained very useful clinical results.By this I do not mean to say that I consider it a perfect instrument, but it is certainly quite a good one, ancd both in private work and in hospital I use it in pre- ference to any otlher.One minute only is required for an ob3ervation, wllich, hlowever, I always repeat for the sake of accuracy, and at the end of this short time one has a comnplete record of imiaximial pressure, m-linimal pressure, and arnplitude of pulse wave.In stating that the Pachon sphygmo-oscillomneter gives a record of maximal and minimal pressures, I do not say that even these figures represent the real blood pressures of the case under observation.More investigation on this point is required than I have yet been able to make.The salient fact is that botlh pressures are obtained simul- taneously by the use of the 8acme method, and tllat these are relative one to the otlher, thus affording exceedingly
Strict Requirement for Vector-Induced Type I Interferon in Efficacious Antitumor Responses to Virally Encoded IL12
Authors: Ignacio Melero, Jose I. Quetglas, Mercedes Reboredo, Juan Dubrot, Juan R. Rodriguez-Madoz, Uxua Mancheño, Erkuden Casales, Jose I. Riezu-Boj, Marta Ruiz-Guillen, Maria C. Ochoa, Miguel F. Sanmamed, Nathalie Thieblemont, Cristian Smerdou, Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Host responses are increasingly considered important for the efficacious response to experimental cancer therapies that employ viral vectors, but little is known about the specific nature of host responses required. In this study, we investigated the role of host type I interferons (IFN-I) in the efficacy of virally delivered therapeutic genes. Specifically, we used a Semliki Forest virus encoding IL12 (SFV-IL12) based on its promise as an RNA viral vector for cancer treatment. Intratumoral injection of SFV-IL12 induced production of IFN-I as detected in serum. IFN-I production was abolished in mice deficient for the IFNβ transcriptional regulator IPS-1 and partially attenuated in mice deficient for the IFNβ signaling protein TRIF. Use of bone marrow chimeric hosts established that both hematopoietic and stromal cells were involved in IFN-I production. Macrophages, plasmacytoid, and conventional dendritic cells were each implicated based on cell depletion experiments. Further, mice deficient in the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) abolished the therapeutic activity of SFV-IL12, as did a specific antibody-mediated blockade of IFNAR signaling. Reduced efficacy was not caused by an impairment in IL12 expression, because IFNAR-deficient mice expressed the viral IL12 transgene even more strongly than wild-type (WT) hosts. Chimeric host analysis for the IFNAR involvement established a strict requirement in hematopoietic cells. Notably, although tumor-specific CD8 T lymphocytes expanded robustly after intratumoral injection of WT mice with SFV-IL12, this did not occur in mice where IFNAR was inactivated genetically or pharmacologically. Overall, our results argued that the antitumor efficacy of a virally based transgene therapeutic relied strongly on a vector-induced IFN-I response, revealing an unexpected mechanism of action that is relevant to a broad array of current translational products in cancer research.
Patients with cirrhosis and bare-stent TIPS may have increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rafael Bañares, Oscar Núñez, María Escudero, Cristina Fernández, Javier Vaquero, Inmaculada Beceiro, Antonio Echenagusía, Gerardo Clemente, Leandro Santos
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

A trend toward a higher incidence of hepatocelullar carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis treated with bare-stent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been observed in previous studies. To assess the influence of TIPS as a risk factor for developing HCC, we have compared the incidence of HCC in two retrospective cohorts of patients. The TIPS cohort (n = 138) included patients with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS placement for the treatment of portal hypertension–related complications; the non-TIPS cohort was composed of patients admitted at the hospital at the same time of TIPS insertion who were individually matched 1:1 according to age, sex, Child-Turcotte-Pugh class, and cause of cirrhosis. A stratified Cox model was used to assess risk of HCC development. The median time of follow-up was similar in TIPS and non-TIPS cohorts (30.3 [range, 7.8-119.5] and 31.4 [range, 7.8-110.8] months, respectively). The cumulative probability of developing HCC at 1, 3, and 5 years was 3%, 24%, and 34% for the TIPS cohort and 1%, 6%, and 25%, for the non-TIPS cohort, respectively (Breslow test = 5.23, P = .022). The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.19; P = .02). Hepatitis C virus infection and age were independent predictors of HCC development in patients without TIPS. In conclusion, patients with cirrhosis who are treated with TIPS may have a higher incidence of HCC. This observation suggests the need for a strict HCC surveillance program for these patients, especially if they are not expected to undergo a short- or medium-term liver transplantation. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:566–571.)
Smoking Cessation, Weight Change, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease—Reply
Authors: Carole Clair, Nancy A. Rigotti, James B. Meigs
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract B29: Expression of BARD1 predicts outcome in colon cancer
Authors: Judith C. Sporn, Barbara H. Jung
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The BARD1/BRCA1 heterodimer has been implicated in several different pathways crucial for maintaining genomic integrity, DNA repair and cell survival. Complex functions have been ascribed to BARD1: It acts as a chaperone that recruits BRCA1 to the nucleus to form an ubiquitin E3 ligase complex involved in DNA repair and chromosomal stability. On the other hand, BARD1 may also promote cell survival by inhibiting BRCA1-dependent apoptosis through nuclear retention of BRCA1. Mutations in the BARD1 gene, as well as aberrant expression of BARD1 splice isoforms, have been associated with poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancer. Here, we assess the occurrence and role of BARD1 splice isoforms in colon cancer formation. Methods: Total RNA from primary human colon cancer samples and matched normal colon tissue was extracted and reverse transcribed. Gene specific PCR primers were designed to analyze the occurrence and pattern of BARD1 splice variants in colon cancer. Splice variants were subcloned and sequenced. Protein expression of BRCA1 and BARD1 in paraffin-embedded cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. Results: mRNA analysis of primary colon cancers confirmed a specific pattern of BARD1 splice isoforms distinct from normal controls. Certain isoforms appear to be tumor specific. Full length BARD1 is upregulated in non-metastatic cancer samples compared to matched normal tissue, which is in line with its anti-apoptotic function. Interestingly, full length BARD1 is dramatically downregulated in metastatic cancer tissue supporting its role as a tumor suppressor. Immunohistochemical analysis of colon cancer samples confirmed the loss of full length BARD1 in metastatic tissues on the protein level and revealed a significant correlation (p&amp;lt;0.05) between expression levels of BARD1 and outcome, in which low expression of BARD1 is associated with a worse prognosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest critical roles for the BRCA1 chaperone BARD1 in colon cancer formation. Alternative splice variants of BARD1 commonly occur in colon cancer tissue and expression of full-length BARD1 is differentially regulated along the cancer-metastasis axis affecting cancer outcome. We hypothesize that in colon cancer tissue, BRCA1 function critically depends on BARD1 expression. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B29
Contribution of Visceral Adiposity to the Exaggerated Postprandial Lipemia of Men With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Patricia Blackburn, Benoît Lamarche, Charles Couillard, Agnés Pascot, Angelo Tremblay, Jean Bergeron, Isabelle Lemieux, Jean-Pierre Després
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) has been associated with alterations in numerous coronary heart disease risk factors, including postprandial hyperlipidemia. An excess visceral adipose tissue accumulation is also predictive of IGT and of an exaggerated postprandial lipemia. The objective of the present study was therefore to compare the respective contributions of visceral adipose tissue accumulation versus IGT with the variation in postprandial lipemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Potential differences in postprandial triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL) levels following a standardized breakfast with a high fat content were examined among men characterized by normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or IGT. Sixty-seven men were classified according to their glucose tolerance status (&amp;lt;7.8 mmol/l [NGT] or between 7.8 and 11.1 mmol/l [IGT] 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose test). RESULTS—Men with IGT showed the highest TRL-TG concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.05) at the 4-, 6-, and 8-h time points compared with men with NGT. These higher postprandial TRL-TG levels among men with IGT were also accompanied by a greater postprandial TG total area under the incremental curve in all TRL fractions (large, medium, and small) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, subjects characterized by IGT had also the highest visceral adipose tissue accumulation (P &amp;lt; 0.009). When subgroups of IGT and NGT men were individually matched (n = 11) for similar visceral adipose tissue accumulation, no significant difference was found in postprandial responses of all TRL-TG fractions between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS—These results provide evidence that visceral adipose tissue accumulation is an important factor involved in the deterioration of postprandial lipemia noted among men with IGT.
Invincible, but Not Invisible: Imaging Approaches Toward In Vivo Detection of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Lori S. Hart, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

With evidence emerging in support of a cancer stem-cell model of carcinogenesis, it is of paramount importance to identify and image these elusive cells in their natural environment. The cancer stem-cell hypothesis has the potential to explain unresolved questions of tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, chemotherapeutic and radiation resistance, and even the metastatic phenotype. Intravital imaging of cancer stem cells could be of great value for determining prognosis, as well as monitoring therapeutic efficacy and influencing therapeutic protocols. Cancer stem cells represent a rare population of cells, as low as 0.1% of cells within a human tumor, and the phenotype of isolated cancer stem cells is easily altered when placed under in vitro conditions. This represents a challenge in studying cancer stem cells without manipulation or extraction from their natural environment. Advanced imaging techniques allow for the in vivo observation of physiological events at cellular resolution. Cancer stem-cell studies must take advantage of such technology to promote a better understanding of the cancer stem-cell model in relation to tumor growth and metastasis, as well as to potentially improve on the principles by which cancers are treated. This review examines the opportunities for in vivo imaging of putative cancer stem cells with regard to currently accepted cancer stem-cell characteristics and advanced imaging technologies.
Epidemiologic study of renal function in copper smelter workers.
Authors: R Lilis, J A Valciukas, J P Weber, J Malkin, I J Selikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

A medical cross-sectional examination of a copper smelter work force was undertaken after environmental contamination with lead, cadmium and arsenic had been documented. A total of 920 subjects was examined, including active smelter employees, retired workers and copper mine employees who had never worked in the smelter. Slight to moderate absorption of lead and cadmium was definitely present in the active copper smelter employees, who had significantly higher levels of Pb-B, ZPP and Cd-B than retired employees and miners. Cd-U levels were higher in retired workers, who were also older and had, as a group, longer duration of exposure in the smelter. Cd-U did not exceed 10 micrograms/g creatinine, the level considered critical for nephrotoxicity, in any of the subjects. Median Cd-B level for active workers was 2.75 micrograms/L. Lead absorption was characterized by a relatively small proportion (16.7%) of active employees with Pb-B levels 40 micrograms/dL or higher. We were particularly interested in exploring the possibility that simultaneous exposure to lead and cadmium, although at levels not associated with nephrotoxicity for each metal separately, could result in renal function impairment. Distribution patterns of BUN and serum creatinine levels were unremarkable. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels were less than 200 micrograms/g creatinine in 95% of copper smelter employees. There were no significant correlations between urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels and Cd-U, Cd-B, Pb-B and ZPP or between urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion and serum creatinine or BUN levels. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels were significantly correlated with age in the copper smelter workers, but not in the miners. Nevertheless, in the absence of any significant correlations between urinary beta 2-microglobulin and Cd-U, Cd-B, a causal relationship with cadmium absorption cannot be affirmed. That kidney function could be impaired by long-term exposure in the smelter was only indirectly suggested. Effects on renal function at the low levels of cadmium and lead absorption that were observed in this smelter population are minimal.