tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Hypomagnesemia and Hypermagnesemia
Authors: Robert Whang
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of identifying serum magnesium abnormalities by comparing physician-initiated requests for this analyte with routine magnesium determinations. Because magnesium abnormalities frequently accompany other electrolyte abnormalities, we measured magnesium in 1033 serum specimens submitted for electrolyte analyses. Physician-initiated requests for magnesium measurements were received for 81 (7.4%) of these specimens. Serum magnesium abnormalities were identified in 546 of the 1033 specimens (hypomagnesemia [less than 0.74 mmol/L], 487; hypermagnesemia [greater than 0.99 mmol/L], 59). Only 10% of the hypomagnesemic patients (48/487) and 13% of the hypermagnesemic patients (7/59) were identified by physician-initiated requests for this analyte. Fifty-three patients were both hypomagnesemic/hypokalemic and 30 patients were both hypomagnesemic/hyponatremic, but only 8 (15%) and 3 (10%), respectively, had physician-initiated requests for magnesium. Because magnesium abnormalities in significant numbers of patients are not being detected, we recommend routine measurement of this analyte when analyses of electrolytes are required for the care of patients.
Targeted disruption of the murine Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 2 gene causes reduced viability of gastric parietal cells and loss of net acid secretion.
Authors: P J Schultheis, L L Clarke, P Meneton, M Harline, G P Boivin, G Stemmermann, J J Duffy, T Doetschman, M L Miller, G E Shull
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Multiple isoforms of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) are expressed at high levels in gastric epithelium, but the physiological role of individual isoforms is unclear. To study the function of NHE2, which is expressed in mucous, zymogenic, and parietal cells, we prepared mice with a null mutation in the NHE2 gene. Homozygous null mutants exhibit no overt disease phenotype, but the cellular composition of the oxyntic mucosa of the gastric corpus is altered, with parietal and zymogenic cells reduced markedly in number. Net acid secretion in null mutants is reduced slightly relative to wild-type levels just before weaning and is abolished in adult animals. Although mature parietal cells are observed, and appear morphologically to be engaged in active acid secretion, many of the parietal cells are in various stages of degeneration. These results indicate that NHE2 is not required for acid secretion by the parietal cell, but is essential for its long-term viability. This suggests that the unique sensitivity of NHE2 to inhibition by extracellular H+, which would allow upregulation of its activity by the increased interstitial alkalinity that accompanies acid secretion, might enable this isoform to play a specialized role in maintaining the long-term viability of the parietal cell.
CANCER-SPECIFIC DENSITY CHANGES IN LYMPHOCYTES AFTER STIMULATION WITH PHYTOHÆMAGGLUTININ
Authors: J.A.V. Pritchard, J.E. Seaman, I.H. Evans, K.W. James, W.H. Sutherland, T.J. Deeley, I.J. Kerby, I.C.M. Paterson, B.H. Davies
Journal: The Lancet (1978)
Reviews: Medicine for the Practicing Physician
Authors: Ruric Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings15 January 1997Reviews: Medicine for the Practicing PhysicianRuric AndersonRuric AndersonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail 4th edition. Hurst JW; ed. 2141 pages. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1996. $125.00. ISBN 083856317. Order phone 800-423-1359.Field of medicine: General medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians and house officers.Purpose: To help the busy practitioner create differential diagnoses and problem-oriented records for individual patients. Goals include the transfer of medical information to patient care in an organized format and the linking of the learning of medicine to the practice of medicine.Content: This book has a unique organization that is based on the problem-oriented approach to patient care. Sections are arranged by organ systems or ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 2Page: 175KeywordsComputed axial tomographyDermatologyEpidemiologyOphthalmologyOtorhinolaryngologyOutpatientsPatientsPrimary care physiciansSystemic diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Ocular Pathology; Ocular Pathology (CD-ROM)
Authors: J. I. Perlman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nonphysician Clinicians in the Health Care Workforce
Authors: William D. Owens
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oxygen and Radiation
Authors: L. H. Garland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Regarding the use of hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct to radiotherapy, Dr. O. Wildermuth has an interesting paper in your March 22 issue (<i>JAMA</i><b>191</b>:986990, 1965). Part of the conclusion reads, "The fact that when hyperbaric oxygen is used the radiation effect in the host's tissues is not increased is unique in the study of radiation potentiators...." This is diametrically opposed to the experience of Atkins and associates who conclude that "Early experience revealed a high incidence of complications because of increased radiosensitivity of normal tissues under these conditions." ("Experience With Hyperbaric Oxygenation in Clinical Radiotherapy,"<i>Amer J Roentgen</i><b>93</b>:651 [March] 1965.) Recollecting the hazards following attempts at augmentation of radiation effect with various chemotherapeutic agents a decade ago, and conscious of the many medical complications arising from hyperbaric oxygen therapy, it is suggested that investigations be pursued in the latter field with caution and,
Heart rate variability during the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
Authors: G C Casolo, P Stroder, C Signorini, F Calzolari, M Zucchini, E Balli, A Sulla, S Lazzerini
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND After acute myocardial infarction (AMI), several abnormalities of the autonomic control to the heart have been described. Heart rate (HR) variability has been used to explore the neural control to the heart. A low HR variability count measured 7-13 days after AMI is significantly related to a poor outcome. Little information is available on HR variability early after AMI and its relation to clinical and hemodynamic data. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 54 consecutive patients (42 men and 12 women; mean age, 60.4 +/- 11 years) with evidence of AMI by collecting the 24-hour HR SD from Holter tapes recorded on day 2 or 3. We also measured HR variability in 15 patients with unstable angina and in 35 age-matched normal subjects. HR variability was lower in AMI than in unstable angina patients (57.6 +/- 21.3 versus 92 +/- 19 msec; p less than 0.001) and controls (105 +/- 12 msec; p less than 0.001). Also, HR variability was greater in non-Q-wave than in Q-wave AMI (p less than 0.0001) and in recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated patients with respect to the rest of the group (p less than 0.02). No difference was found for infarct site. HR variability was significantly related to mean 24-hour HR, peak creatine kinase-MB, and left ventricular ejection fraction (all p less than 0.0001). Patients belonging to Killip class greater than I or who required the use of diuretics or digitalis had lower counts (p less than 0.004, p less than 0.001, and p less than 0.024, respectively). Six patients died within 20 days after admission to the hospital. In these patients, HR variability was lower than in survivors (31.2 +/- 12 versus 60.9 +/- 20 msec; p less than 0.001), and a value less than 50 msec was significantly associated with mortality (p less than 0.025). CONCLUSIONS HR variability during the early phase of AMI is decreased and is significantly related to clinical and hemodynamic indexes of severity. The causes for the observed changes in HR variability during AMI may be reduced vagal and/or increased sympathetic outflow to the heart. It is suggested that early measurements of HR variability during AMI may offer important clinical information and contribute to the early risk stratification of patients.
CIRCULATING PROGENITOR CELL LEVELS ARE HIGHER IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPARED TO OTHER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PRESENTATIONS
Authors: Sulay Patel, Nima Ghasemzadeh, Riyaz Patel, Qunna Li, Danny Eapen, Mohamed Khayata, Mohammad Malekzadegan, Graham Smith, Ruhi Barde, Mosaab Awad, Shriya Reddy, Laurence Sperling, Edmund Waller, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Incidental Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Hidden Foe for Liver Transplant Recipients?
Authors: Senkerikova Renata, Frankova Sona, Sperl Jan, Oliverius Martin, Fronek Jiri, Kieslichova Eva, Filipova Helena, Kautznerova Dana, Honsova Eva, Trunecka Pavel, Spicak Julius
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF HELMHOLTZ TO PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
Authors: WINFIELD S. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>PHYSIOLOGY.</h3> Physiology is an experimental science. The problems of physiology are problems of physics or of chemistry. Physiology thus becomes a superstructural science based upon anatomy, physics and chemistry. One who would solve the physical problems of physiology would also require a good working knowledge of mathematics. At the time Helmholtz undertook the solution of physical problems of physiology he was probably the best equipped man living, in the fundamental subjects above mentioned. For about ten years of his professorial life he was professor of anatomy and physiology. His foundation in anatomy was thus extended and elaborated far beyond that which most physiologists possessed. He was associated in his early studies with physicists and mathematicians so that his knowledge of physics and mathematics was also far beyond that of other physiologists of his time. We see in Helmholtz. then, a man in whom the circumstances of his early training and
Initial results of the guidelines applied in practice for improving quality of care patients with acute myocardial infarction: The Flint-Saginaw Cooperative Initiative of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, Greater Flint Health Coalition, and Michigan Peer Review Organization
Authors: Rajendra H. Mehta, Cecelia K. Montoye, Jessica Faul, Dorothy Nagle, James Kure, Ethiraj Raj, Peter Fattal, Mahamadali Amlani, Shiraz Sherrif, Hameem Changhezi, Stephen Skorcz, Patricia Baker, Anthony DeFranco, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Correction of hypokalemia corrects the abnormalities in erythrocyte sodium transport in Bartter's syndrome.
Authors: J M Korff, A W Siebens, J R Gill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

In Bartter's syndrome, the defective renal tubular transport has been postulated to be a manifestation of a more generalized membrane abnormality. To explore this possibility, sodium concentration, ouabain-sensitive (pump transport), ouabain-resistant but furosemide-sensitive (Na-K-Cl cotransport), and ouabain- and furosemide-resistant (passive transport) 22Na effluxes were measured in erythrocytes obtained from nine patients with Bartter's syndrome before and during correction of hypokalemia. Intracellular [Na+] in erythrocytes obtained from nine patients with Bartter's syndrome was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than that in 30 normal controls (11.8 +/- 1.8 vs. 7.3 +/- 1.4 mmol/liter cells). Pump transport and Na-K-Cl cotransport 22Na effluxes were significantly (P less than 0.01) increased, whereas the rate constant for these effluxes as well as for passive 22Na efflux did not differ from normal. Correction of hypokalemia and maintenance of a normal serum potassium decreased intracellular [Na+] to 8.2 +/- 1.8 mmol/liter cells, a normal value, and corrected the ouabain-sensitive and furosemide-sensitive 22Na effluxes. The results indicate that exposure of erythrocytes to a low potassium environment is responsible for the high intracellular [Na+] and, in turn, the high sodium efflux in Bartter's syndrome. The normal sodium efflux observed during correction of hypokalemia and the consistently normal rate constants for all three efflux parameters measured suggest that intrinsic sodium transport processes in erythrocytes are normal in Bartter's syndrome.
“That's all I got handed over”: Views from a teaching hospital
Authors: Faiyaz Mohammed
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Solution is flawedEditor-Conroy et al offer a challenging solution to advance decisions on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but the basis for that solution is fundamentally flawed. 1 They start from the premise that all institutions should provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation unless an overt decision has been made to the contrary. 2 3This is a common position in most UK NHS trusts, but there is no ethical, legal, or clinical demand on professionals that they must provide CPR.Current UK guidelines describe a presumption in favour of CPR in the absence of an advance decision but are equally clear that it would be unreasonable to resuscitate anyone in whom the burdens of treatment clearly outweigh the potential benefits.The presumption in favour of CPR has been interpreted by many health authorities as a default for CPR, but such a position is not supported by the guidelines and runs counter to personalised decision making by removing personal choice.It is also exceptional, since no other medical treatment comes with a default position.Unfortunately, Conroy et al's solution is to suggest an equally unacceptable position, a default against CPR.Conroy et al are right that the current guidelines need to be reviewed, but not for the reasons they state.Current UK guidelines are the source of much confusion among clinicians. 4They contain many contradictions and confusing statements and provide no framework for making clinical decisions.It is possible to make sense of advance decisions on CPR, and had the authors done so they would have arrived at a framework that individualises decisions, involves patients or relatives and partners when appropriate, and does so without placing an unnecessary burden on patients and carers. 4Instead the authors try to work through this confusion, and by offering a default against CPR they fail to reach a caring solution.
Sulindac and Renal Impairment-Reply
Authors: Werner F. Barth
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  The patient described by Whelton et al manifests both interstitial nephritis and nephrotic syndrome most likely caused by sulindac. This occurred after 36 months of treatment and resolved over several months after the drug therapy was discontinued.  In our article, we noted four major types of renal toxicity on NSAID therapy: interstitial nephritis, minimal-change glomerulopathy, papillary necrosis, and functional changes in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate secondary to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The first three types are rare, occur after weeks or months of NSAID therapy, and take extended periods to resolve. The mechanism in the first two types seems to be immunologically mediated, with lymphocytes playing a major role. 1,2 The combined presence of interstitial nephritis and minimalchange glomerulopathy in the patient of Whelton and co-workers is a characteristic of NSAID nephropathy.  The renal toxicity emphasized in our article appears within several days, is frequently
England introduces star system for hospital trusts
Authors: C. Harris
Journal: BMJ (2001)

New performance indicators giving star ratings to NHS hospital trusts in England mark the end of “the culture of excuse and inevitability,” health secretary Alan Milburn said this week.

The system rates 173 non- specialist hospitals in England according to performance on a wide range of indicators, including waiting times from GP referral to first outpatient appointments; vacancies in medical staffing; and the percentage of patients waiting on trolleys for more than four hours.

Thirty five hospital trusts have been awarded three stars, 103 received two stars, 23 were given one star, and …
Purified monocyte-derived angiogenic substance (angiotropin) induces controlled angiogenesis associated with regulated tissue proliferation in rabbit skin.
Authors: M Höckel, W Jung, P Vaupel, H Rabes, C Khaledpour, J H Wissler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Angiotropin is a differentiation factor for microvascular endothelial cells isolated from serum-free cultures of lectin-activated, porcine monocytes. We used an ear lobe model in rabbits, single intradermal injection of angiotropin to induce phenotypical changes of the endothelial cells in capillaries and postcapillary venules, vascular engorgement, and subsequent angiogenesis in dose-dependent manner. The vascular changes are associated with epidermal and stromal cell proliferation. Angiogenesis and tissue proliferation occur in the absence of tissue necrosis and do not lead to scar formation. Angiotropin-induced angiogenesis is not inhibited by local dexamethasone although it involves a defined turnover of inflammatory cells. Proliferation is transient and regressive events follow. The overall tissue reaction resembles changes found in the undamaged skin margin of a primary healing wound during the inflammatory/proliferative phase. From these observations we conclude that angiotropin is an important secretory product of activated peripheral macrophages that triggers inflammatory and proliferative reactions in wound healing by activating microvascular endothelial cells.
A Case of Congenital Paresis in 1966
Authors: MARY M. CARRUTHERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Excerpt The prevalence of all forms of congenital syphilis has declined remarkably in the penicillin era, and only three reports of congenital neurosyphilis have been found in the English literature during the past 5 years (1-4). Paresis is an uncommon manifestation of congenital syphilis and is preventable by penicillin, but once present, it often responds poorly to therapy. However, the disease is not extinct, and the following reminds us that serologic tests for syphilis are still requisite in the pregnant woman and the neonate and that congenital syphilis must be considered when neuropsychiatric manifestations present during childhood or adolescence. CASE REPORT
The New Zealand priority criteria project. Part 1: Overview
Authors: D. C Hadorn, A. C Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> New Zealand restructured its health system in 1992 with the aim of achieving greater levels of assessment and accountability in the publicly funded health sector. A committee was established specifically to advise the minister of health on the kinds, and relative priorities, of health services that should be publicly funded. One of its projects has been to develop standardised sets of criteria to assess the extent of benefit expected from elective surgical procedures. These have been developed with the help of professional advisory groups using a modified Delphi technique to reach consensus. So far the committee has developed criteria for cataract surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, hip and knee replacement, cholecystectomy, and tympanostomy tubes for otitis media with effusion. These criteria incorporate both clinical and social factors. Use of priority criteria to ensure consistency and transparency regarding patients9 priority for surgery is required for access to a dedicated NZ$130m (£57m; US$90m) pool of money, created to help eliminate surgical waiting lists and move to booking systems. The criteria will also be used in surgical outcome studies, currently in the planning phase.
Morphine Concentrations and Survival Periods in Acute Heroin Fatalities
Authors: James C. Garriott, William Q. Sturner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Histopathological examination of the lung was used to separate 22 acute heroin fatalities according to the duration of survival after the last injection of drug, and the morphine concentrations in autopsy specimens were determined. The level of free morphine In the blood was found to correlate with the time of survival and ranged from 10 to 93 μg per 100 ml in the short-interval group (up to three hours). A small quantity (6 μg per 100 ml) was detected three days after the last injection in one case. These findings concur with the previously reported biphasic half-life of morphine in the blood. The presence of ethyl alcohol and other drugs was noted in 16 cases, whereas the role of adulterants, hypersensitivity and other factors in the lethal episode was not evident. Such observations support the concept of a toxic mechanism of death and the term "overdose" is probably an appropriate one. (N Engl J Med 289:1276–1278, 1973)