tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS OF THE SPLEEN WITH THROMBOPENIC PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA
Authors: ELLIS KELLERT
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The relationship between the spleen and purpura was recognized many years ago, for Virchow<sup>1</sup>stated that "in the case of the hemorrhagic diathesis... it must be regarded as an important step in advance that we are able to point to a definite organ as its source as, for example, to the spleen or liver." The French have long entertained a similar view. Among the more recent studies is that of Winternitz,<sup>2</sup>who collected fifty-one cases of tuberculosis of the spleen some of which were associated with purpura. In his series all patients died when splenectomy was not performed, and when splenectomy was performed 59 per cent recovered. Tuberculosis of the spleen probably never occurs independently of tuberculosis of other organs. Winternitz uses the term primary tuberculosis of the spleen when the original focus cannot be found or is in a healed state. The disease may run a course
Literature and Medicine
Authors: David Jaymes
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pityriasis rubra pilaris and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: E.S. MIRALLES, M. NUNEZ, M.E. LAS HERAS, B. PEREZ, R. MORENO, A. LEDO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Recently, the occurrence of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) has been reported in patients with HIV infection. It presents different clinical features, and has a poorer prognosis, than the classical adult type of PRP. We report the occurrence of severe PRP in an HlV‐infected patient, and review the previously reported cases of this association. We propose the designation of a new category of PRP (type 6), characterized by the presence of HIV infection, usually without immunosuppression, a poor prognosis and response to treatment, and the development of nodulocystic and lichen spinulosus lesions.
BILHARZIOSIS IN NATAL
Authors: F. G. Cawston
Journal: BMJ (1915)

ESTIMA.TES of thle extent to wlichl billiarziosis prevails in Natal vary considerably.It occurs botlh amongst natives and Europeans, and is more commiiion anmongst boys than girls.Those boys who learn to swiin in the barbis and avoid loiterina in shiallow streams seem to be less liable to be attacked, anid since the attention of sclhoolboys hlas been directed to the dangers of the slhallow rivers the disease lhas become less prevalent.Decomiposing reeds abound in the shallow iParts of these rivers, and in mainy cases these reeds are covered witlh snails.Actiag on my advice thSe municipality of Piet rinaritzburg, Natal, has
Influence of smoking cessation after diagnosis of early stage lung cancer on prognosis: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis
Authors: A Parsons, A Daley, R Begh, P Aveyard
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To systematically review the evidence that smoking cessation after diagnosis of a primary lung tumour affects prognosis. <b>Design</b> Systematic review with meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> CINAHL (from 1981), Embase (from 1980), Medline (from 1966), Web of Science (from 1966), CENTRAL (from 1977) to December 2008, and reference lists of included studies. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised controlled trials or observational longitudinal studies that measured the effect of quitting smoking after diagnosis of lung cancer on prognostic outcomes, regardless of stage at presentation or tumour histology, were included. <b>Data extraction</b> Two researchers independently identified studies for inclusion and extracted data. Estimates were combined by using a random effects model, and the I<sup>2</sup> statistic was used to examine heterogeneity. Life tables were used to model five year survival for early stage non-small cell lung cancer and limited stage small cell lung cancer, using death rates for continuing smokers and quitters obtained from this review. <b>Results</b> In 9/10 included studies, most patients studied were diagnosed as having an early stage lung tumour. Continued smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of all cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.94, 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 7.54) and recurrence (1.86, 1.01 to 3.41) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer and of all cause mortality (1.86, 1.33 to 2.59), development of a second primary tumour (4.31, 1.09 to 16.98), and recurrence (1.26, 1.06 to 1.50) in limited stage small cell lung cancer. No study contained data on the effect of quitting smoking on cancer specific mortality or on development of a second primary tumour in non-small cell lung cancer. Life table modelling on the basis of these data estimated 33% five year survival in 65 year old patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer who continued to smoke compared with 70% in those who quit smoking. In limited stage small cell lung cancer, an estimated 29% of continuing smokers would survive for five years compared with 63% of quitters on the basis of the data from this review. <b>Conclusions</b> This review provides preliminary evidence that smoking cessation after diagnosis of early stage lung cancer improves prognostic outcomes. From life table modelling, the estimated number of deaths prevented is larger than would be expected from reduction of cardiorespiratory deaths after smoking cessation, so most of the mortality gain is likely to be due to reduced cancer progression. These findings indicate that offering smoking cessation treatment to patients presenting with early stage lung cancer may be beneficial.
Effect of retransfusion after hemorrhagic hypotension on intrarenal distribution of blood flow in dogs
Authors: Serge Carriere, Bernard Daigneault
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Hemorrhagic hypotension in anesthetized dogs produces a marked decrease of the cortical blood flow, whereas the medullary blood flow is well preserved. These animals were maintained at blood pressures of 50 mm Hg during a 3 hr period after which their blood pressures were restored by the reinfusion of blood or dextran, or both. In the first group of animals, the reinfusion of blood reestablished the blood pressure to control values, but the cortical blood flow was still nonuniformly decreased whereas the medullary blood flow appeared to be increased. In the second group of animals, phenoxybenzamine failed to protect the kidney completely since after blood reinfusion, the same anomalies described for the preceding group were found in 7 out of 10 dogs. The animals of the third group were reinfused with 50% of the shed blood and 10 ml/kg of a 10 g/100 ml solution of low molecular weight dextran. The modifications of the intrarenal distribution of the blood flow were less marked in this group although the blood flow rate of the inner cortex and the outer medulla was always elevated under these conditions. The reinfusion of low molecular weight dextran alone (20 ml/kg of a 10 g/100 ml solution) restored the blood pressure to levels slightly lower than those observed under control conditions but reestablished a normal pattern of intrarenal blood flow. The reinfusion of high molecular weight dextran was inefficient in correcting completely the anomalies of the renal blood flow. Mechanisms such as the increased sympathetic tone, the liberation of angiotensin, and the intravascular cellular aggregation could possibly account for the persisting anomalies of the renal circulation after reinfusion and are discussed.
The effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on the plasma concentrations of resistin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hye Seung Jung, Byung-Soo Youn, Young Min Cho, Kang-Yeol Yu, Hong Je Park, Chan Soo Shin, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee, Kyong Soo Park
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
CLINICAL CONTROL OF CHRONIC HEMORRHAGIC STATES IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: I. NEWTON KUGELMASS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>VASCULAR HEMORRHAGIC DISEASES</h3> Hemorrhagic symptoms abound in disturbances of the vascular channels. Their integrity may be altered structurally or functionally with consequent escape of normal blood. Vascular structure may be affected externally by trauma and internally by increased pressure, by lack of nutritional elements, by bacterial invasion, by chemical injury and by lymphatic infiltration. Occasionally an infant is born with defective vascular structure in one part of the body or another. Again, vascular function may be influenced by internal secretions, by allergic substances and by infectious agents. Although structural changes necessarily disturb vascular function, the one group of hemorrhagic disturbances may be differentiated from the blood etiologically on the basis of extravasation of blood on the one hand and blood combined with exudate inflammatory changes on the other. Such clinical differentiation offers direct therapy on the basis of the etiologic factor interfering with vascular integrity. The methods of studying the
MENINGOCOCCUS MENINGITIS IN EARLY INFANCY
Authors: J. M. Ravid
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, July 22, page 272, appeared an interesting article by Drs. Alan Brown and Nelles Silverthorne, in which they report a case of meningococcic meningitis in a 22 day old infant. The diagnosis was correctly made within twenty-four hours and, with the institution of early treatment, a complete recovery was made within fifteen days. In their introductory remarks the authors say that "very few cases reported in the literature at this age have been found" and also that "the youngest patient in whom the condition has been reported is the present one." Although the first statement is in accord with the opinion of all those who have written on the subject, the second one lacks in exactness. In making a review of the literature for a paper on "Meningitis in the New-Born and in Early Infancy," now in preparation, I came across a few
Intracoronary Flecainide Induces ST Alternans and Reentrant Arrhythmia on Intact Canine Heart
Authors: Hidetada Tachibana, Michiyasu Yamaki, Isao Kubota, Tetsu Watanabe, Sou Yamauchi, Hitonobu Tomoike
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The electrical alternans shown on an ST segment, ST alternans, is known as one of the most important predictors of ventricular fibrillation (VF). It has also been reported that sodium channel inhibition changes action potential configuration, especially on the repolarization phase. Thus, the sodium channel blocker may produce ST alternans and trigger reentrant arrhythmia.A sodium channel blocker (disopyramide, lidocaine, or flecainide) was infused selectively into the left anterior descending coronary artery in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Sixty unipolar electrograms were simultaneously recorded from the entire cardiac surface of the heart. The amplitude of ST alternans (STa) was determined as the difference in the ST-segment magnitude between 2 consecutive electrograms. We accepted the greatest STa among 60 leads for evaluation. High-dose flecainide (100 microg. kg-1. min-1) increased STa and evoked a spontaneous VF. The STa in high-dose flecainide loading (8.7+/-3.4 mV; mean+/-SEM) was significantly greater than that in disopyramide or lidocaine (0. 9+/-0.4 and 0.8+/-0.2 mV, P<0.05). Treatment of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) suppressed the increase in STa and the occurrence of VF evoked by flecainide, while E4031 or verapamil did not inhibit those.Flecainide caused the ST alternans that was closely correlated to the occurrence of VF. Because the ST alternans was suppressed by 4-AP treatment, a 4-AP-sensitive current such as Ito or Isus may play an important role on this phenomenon.
Opioid Prescriptions Soar
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fcγ Receptor Deficiency Confers Protection Against Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice
Authors: Purificación Hernández-Vargas, Guadalupe Ortiz-Muñoz, Oscar López-Franco, Yusuke Suzuki, Julio Gallego-Delgado, Guillermo Sanjuán, Alberto Lázaro, Virginia López-Parra, Luis Ortega, Jesús Egido, Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

IgG Fc receptors (FcγRs) play a role in activating the immune system and in maintaining peripheral tolerance, but their role in atherosclerosis is unknown. We generated double-knockout (DKO) mice by crossing apolipoprotein E–deficient mice (apoE −/− ) with FcγR γ chain–deficient mice (γ −/− ). The size of atherosclerotic lesions along the aorta was approximately 50% lower in DKO compared with apoE −/− control mice, without differences in serum lipid levels. The macrophage and T-cell content of lesions in the DKO were reduced by 49±6% and 56±8%, respectively, compared with the content in apoE −/− lesions. Furthermore, the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), RANTES ( R egulated on A ctivated N ormal T -cell E xpressed and S ecreted), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were significantly reduced in aortic lesions from DKO mice. In vitro, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from both γ −/− and DKO mice failed to respond to immune complexes, as shown by impaired chemokine expression and NF-κB activation. ApoE −/− mice have higher levels of activating FcγRI and FcγRIIIA, and inhibitory FcγRIIB, compared with wild-type mice. The DKO mice express only the inhibitory FcγRIIB receptor. We conclude that FcγR deficiency limits development and progression of atherosclerosis. In addition to leukocytes, FcγR activation in VSMCs contributes to the inflammatory process, in part, by regulating chemokine expression and leukocyte invasion of the vessel wall. These results underscore the critical role of FcγRs in atherogenesis and support the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of this disease.
Anger Attacks in Depression – Evidence for a Male Depressive Syndrome
Authors: Dietmar Winkler, Edda Pjrek, Siegfried Kasper
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

It has been proposed that aggression and especially anger attacks play an important role in the symptomatology of depression. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that these symptoms are more prevalent in males than in females.We conducted a study in 217 depressed patients (104 females, 113 males) without psychiatric comorbidity using questionnaires. Study subjects had previously been treated as inpatients and were contacted after discharge from hospital by mail or phone. Overall response rate was 69.6%. Patients were asked to retrospectively rate their state during their last depression.Males obtained higher scores on irritability (p = 0.010) and showed a tendency to overreact (p = 0.018) during their last depressive episode. They had suffered significantly more often from anger attacks than female patients (4.3 +/- 7.52 versus 1.2 +/- 2.97 anger attacks per month; p = 0.001). Further multivariate analyses displayed that men had significantly lower impulse control and more frequently showed symptomatic substance intake and hyperactive behavior during their depression, whereas women suffered more often from hypersomnia and heaviness in limbs (p < 0.0001).Our findings are indicative of gender differences in symptoms related to lowered impulse control in depressed patients. Further study is required to replicate and extend our results and to assess the significance of aggression as a gender-specific diagnostic criterion for depression.
Abstract 4669: Genetic variations in telomere pathway genes and ovarian cancer risk, survival and treatment response
Authors: Yan Wang, Karen H. Lu, Jie Lin, Maosheng Huang, Xifeng Wu, Dong Liang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Telomere dysfunction has been associated with genomic instability and cancer development. Genetic variations in telomere pathway genes may lead to telomere dysfunction and affect cancer risk and outcome. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the associations between common genetic variations in telomere pathway genes and ovarian cancer risk, survival and treatment response in a population of 417 cases and 417 controls. 472 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from 42 genes potentially influencing telomere length, telomerase activity, and telomere-associated protein complex. Twenty SNPs were associated with overall ovarian cancer risk at P &amp;lt; 0.01. Two synonymous SNPs from the TEP1 gene, rs938887 and rs2228026, exhibited the strongest association with odds ratios (ORs) of 3.88 (95% CI, 1.42-10.59) and 3.28 (95% CI, 1.72-6.29), respectively. Seven SNPs were associated with overall survival of ovarian cancer at P &amp;lt; 0.01, and five of them presented higher-order gene-gene interactions as suggested by survival tree analysis. Survival tree analysis categorized patients into low, medium and high risk groups with progressively decreased medium survival time based on distinct genotype combinations. In the analysis of response to chemotherapy, 15 SNPs reached a significance level of P ≤ 0.01. SNP rs7826180 in the intronic region of PINX1 gene was shown to substantially increase the risk of poor response with an OR of 6.77 (95% CI, 1.68-27.27). There were significant gene-dosage effects as evidenced by the increased risk of cancer, risk of death, and risk of poor response with the increasing number of unfavorable genotypes. Our results suggest that common genetic variations in telomere pathway genes are significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk, survival, and treatment response. With further validation, these results may contribute to improve personalized risk assessment, prognosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4669. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4669
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL BASIS FOR SEROLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL CARBOHYDRATE
Authors: Maclyn McCarty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Azoproteins prepared with p-aminophenyl-ß-N-acetyl-glucosaminide react in precipitin tests with Group A streptococcal antisera. The reaction is nonreciprocal, and antisera to the azoprotein do not react with Group A carbohydrate. Phenyl-N-acetyl-glucosaminides inhibit the reaction of Group A carbohydrate with homologous antisera and with antisera to the azoprotein. The ß-anomer is more effective as an inhibitor than the α-anomer. Formation by a soil bacillus of the enzyme which removes N-acetyl-glucosamine from Group A carbohydrate is induced by phenyl-ß-N-acetyl-glucosaminide but not by the α-compound. The enzyme, like the glucosaminidase of emulsin, appears to be specific for ß-glucosaminides. Neither the induced enzyme nor emulsin effectively remove all of the N-acetyl-glucosamine from the azoprotein antigens. The findings support the view that ß-N-acetyl-glucosaminide side chains represent the major antigenic determinant of Group A streptococcal carbohydrate.
Myocardial dysfunction in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: B A Gould, J Turner, D H Keeling, P Hickling, A J Marshall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Echocardiographic evidence has suggested abnormalities of the myocardial function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. In this work the cardiac function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and in normal volunteers was evaluated. Twenty four normal volunteers and 21 patients with ankylosing spondylitis aged 18-45 were studied. None had overt cardiac disease. Cardiac function was assessed at rest with echocardiography, at rest and during supine bicycle exercise using radionuclide angiography in the left anterior oblique position following equilibration with 740 MBq of technetium-99. The subjects undertook supine bicycle exercise with 30 W increments every three minutes to the point of fatigue. Comparison of data from normal volunteers and patients with ankylosing spondylitis were made using Student9s t test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney non-parametric technique, as appropriate. Subjects were matched for age, sex, height, and weight. There were no echocardiographic differences; however, global nuclide left ventricular function showed several differences between normal volunteers and patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The peak filling rate during exercise was significantly lower in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: normal volunteers 6.5 (SD 1.2); patients with ankylosing spondylitis 5.7 (1.2). The time to reach peak filling during exercise was significantly lower in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: normal volunteers 102 (22); patients with ankylosing spondylitis 120 (23). Regional analysis also showed differences between patients with ankylosing spondylitis and normal volunteers both at rest and during exercise. In the anteroseptal region the filling fraction and peak filling rate were significantly lower in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Most of the differences (although not all) were in the variables of diastolic function. This study shows that there are subtle abnormalities in cardiac function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The major abnormalities are in the diastolic function, suggesting a decrease in left ventricular compliance.
A lectin S-domain receptor kinase mediates lipopolysaccharide sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Stefanie Ranf, Nicolas Gisch, Milena Schäffer, Tina Illig, Lore Westphal, Yuriy A Knirel, Patricia M Sánchez-Carballo, Ulrich Zähringer, Ralph Hückelhoven, Justin Lee, Dierk Scheel
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)