tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reducing hours of work of preregistration house officers: report on a shift system.
Authors: D. G. Nasmyth, A. Pickersgill, M. Hogarth
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the advantages and disadvantages of a shift system of working compared with the conventional on call system for preregistration house officers. DESIGN--A shift system of working was employed in the unit from 1 August 1989 to 31 July 1990. During attachments of three or six months four house officers rotated at intervals of one month among three daytime shifts and one night shift (Mondays to Fridays only). Weekends (48 hours) were worked on a one in three rota by the doctors working a day shift. The views of the house officers working this shift system were sought in writing and by direct interview. SETTING--Professorial surgical unit, Royal Liverpool Hospital. SUBJECTS--The 14 house officers who were attached to the unit for three or six months during their preregistration year. RESULTS--The shift system was preferred to conventional on call without exception. The incidence of chronic tiredness was reduced and formal hand-over between shifts resulted in more informed decision making by doctors while on call. During annual leave it was sometimes necessary to revert to the conventional one in three on call system to ensure that daytime work was completed. Other disadvantages were the long weekend shift and an inequitable distribution of the night shift. The house officers recommended extending the shifts to weekends and working the night shift one week in four. CONCLUSION--A shift system of working was effective in reducing chronic tiredness among house officers, who found it preferable to conventional on call arrangements. Shift working is feasible only if the daytime duties of the doctor working at night can be completed by the other doctors on the rota.
Abstract P3-12-07: Polymorphisms in the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B Gene Family and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women of African Descent
Authors: C Sun, D Huo, B Nemesure, A Hennis, D Witonsky, Q Niu, A Di Rienzo, OI. Olopade
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B (UGT2B) enzymes catalyze glucuronidation, which is an important clearance pathway of steroid hormones, and medications, and potential carcinogens. As steroid hormones play a central role in breast cancer development, genetic polymorphisms in the UGT2B gene family may affect breast cancer susceptibility. Methods: We evaluate two missense mutations in UGT2B15 (rs1902023, D85Y and rs4148269, K523T), one missense mutation in UGT2B7 (rs7439366, H268Y), and one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 497 bp upstream to UGT2B4 (rs13129471) using pooled case-control studies of breast cancer, which included 1,287 cases and 851 controls. Cases and controls were enrolled in Nigeria, Barbados, and the US, and all are women of African ancestry. Results: All four SNPs followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in each ethnicity group. We found the rs13129471 SNP was significantly associated with breast cancer risk after adjusting for ethnicity (P=0.003). Compared with homozygous genotype for the A-rs13129471 allele, the odds ratio for heterozygous genotype and homozygous genotype for the G-rs13129471 allele was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.81-1.28) and 1.50 (1.15-1.95), respectively. The association was stronger in Nigerian women (P=4x10- 5) and the corresponding odds ratio was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.85-1.49) and 2.39 (1.61-3.55). No significant association was found for the other three non-synonymous SNPs. Conclusion: Our results suggest that polymorphism in the UGT2B4 gene may be associated with breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry and the association may follow a recessive model. The finding needs to be confirmed in other populations. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-07.
Coroner to investigate deaths at Sydney hospitals, as two doctors are suspended
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An escalating political row about conditions at two Sydney hospitals has seen the deaths of 19 patients referred to the New South Wales coroner after the state government sacked the head of its own Health Care Complaints Commission.

Two doctors have been suspended and nine more referred to the state's medical board, which has powers to discipline and reregister, amid fears among colleagues that they could be made scapegoats.

The crisis at the Camden and Campbelltown hospitals in Sydney's sprawling southwestern suburbs only came to light because of the persistence of seven whistleblower nurses who complained about the …
An Informal History of W. B. Saunders Company: On the Occasion of Its Hundredth Anniversary
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Any reader of medical texts who notices publishers at all must surely recognize that the WB Saunders Company is one of the best in the business. What has made it so John L. Dusseau, retired vice president and editor, reveals in his accurately titled informal history. Like most in-house histories that I have seen, this one is highly subjective, generally laudatory, relentlessly upbeat, and, one suspects, judiciously discreet. But, in the best tradition of reminiscence—including the genres of autobiography and oral history—it is revealing, informative, and a repository of information and perspective that might otherwise be lost. Walter Burns Saunders was a bookseller who became a publisher in 1888 with the goal of providing medical texts to practitioners who needed a bridge between the advances of the time and clinical practice. Finding the right topic, incarnating it in the right text, and offering it to the right audience have been
Characterization of a sodium-dependent transport system for butyrobetaine into rat liver plasma membrane vesicles
Authors: Simona Berardi, Bruno Stieger, Sandra Wächter, Brigitte O’Neill, Stephan Krähenbühl
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Butyrobetaine transport into the liver was studied using isolated rat hepatocyte plasma membrane vesicles. In the presence of a sodium chloride gradient, an overshoot could be observed, indicating active sodium-dependent transport. A similar overshoot was recorded in the presence of lithium, but not of potassium, cesium, or choline chloride. Investigation of several sodium salts revealed that an overshoot could only be observed in the presence of chloride, but not of nitrate, thiocyanate, sulfate, or gluconate. An osmolarity plot in the presence of sodium chloride revealed a slope different from zero and a positive intercept, indicating active transport and nonspecific binding, respectively. In agreement with the osmolarity plot, the kinetic characterization of butyrobetaine transport revealed a binding and a saturable component. The saturable component could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with a K m of 4.88 ± 0.70 mmol/L and a V max of 4.16 ± 0.73 picomoles per milligram of protein per second. Butyrobetaine transport could be inhibited significantly (30%) by 250 μmol/L propionylcarnitine, but not by d - or l -carnitine, other acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine, isovalerylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine), trimethyllysine, or quinine. Butyrobetaine transport activity was also expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by injecting mRNA isolated from rat liver or kidney. After 5 days of cultivation, the endogenous butyrobetaine transport activity was increased by 82% in oocytes injected with liver mRNA and by 99% in oocytes injected with kidney mRNA. The studies show that butyrobetaine is transported actively across the basolateral plasma membrane of hepatocytes and that this transport is driven by sodium and chloride gradients. This transport is quite specific for butyrobetaine and is not rate-limiting for carnitine biosynthesis.
The use of radioiodinated human serum albumin in measurements of arterial permeability
Authors: C. P. WINLOVE, J. DAVIS, B. T. RUBIN, R. B. DELL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

The interactions of radioiodinated human serum albumin and sodium iodide with plasma proteins and their uptake by the arterial wall are investigated in vivo and in vitro. The results clearly show that in most situations iodinated albumin is unsuitable for studies on arterial permeability.
<i>Adoration of the Wise Men</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3501: Binary control of CAR-CTL by transgenic IL-7 and IL-7R expression
Authors: Pradip Bajgain, Roopa Mucharla, Helen E. Heslop, Juan F. Vera
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract While adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) engrafted with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has produced objective clinical responses in vivo, the infused cells usually fail to persist long-term, limiting benefit. We have recently demonstrated that CTL persistence can be improved by engineering cells to express the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7R) which is physiologically absent on CTLs. However, this approach requires access to clinical grade cytokine and biodistribution to T lymphocytes at tumor sites may be insufficient. To circumvent these problems we have prepared two CTL products: one expressing a tumor-specific CAR in combination with IL-7R (product #1), and the second engineered to co-express the same CAR and produce IL-7 cytokine (product #2). In this way, both products have anti-tumor activity mediated through the CAR, while cytokine produced from CTL#2 should support the survival and persistence of the IL-7R-expressing CTL#1. A binary system such as this should be intrinsically safer than incorporating a positive feedback loop of both cytokine and receptor in a single cell. As a proof of this principle, we used the SFG-CAR that targets the ≤ light chain expressed on B cell malignancies: SFG-CAR/IL-7R-GFP(#1) and SFG-CAR/IL-7cyto-mOrange(#2). EBV-CTLs from 3 donors were transduced with each vector. FACS analysis of transgene expression indicated that all were expressed at approximately equivalent levels: CTL#1 (CAR, IL-7Rα, and GFP; 58%±15, 53%±18, 57.8%±12) and CTL#2 (CAR and mOrange; 54%±18 and 52%±20). The modified CTL were functional, and cells transduced with either vector were able to kill the α+ B cell tumors Daudi as evaluated by Cr51 assay (72%±13 and 69%±25, respectively) at an R:S of 40:1. Preliminary data indicates that CTLs#1 were able to proliferate in response to exogenous IL-7 administration, and IL-7 cytokine production from CTLs#2 was directly proportional to the antigenic stimulation provided to the cells. In addition, when CTLs#1 and #2 were cultured together we observed that CTLs#2 were capable of promoting the expansion of their CTL counterpart in a more efficient way than that compared to exogenous administration of IL-7 or IL-2. These results indicate that binary control of CAR modified CTLs is possible through transgenic expression of IL-7R and IL-7 cytokine in two different CTL populations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3501. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3501
Uvular Necrosis after Upper Endoscopy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: S.-J. Tang, F. Kanwal, I. M. Gralnek
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Uvular necrosis after endotracheal intubation or upper endoscopy is rare. We report here on a case of uvular necrosis and ulceration after endoscopy. The combination of ulceration and necrosis suggests uvular ischemia during endoscopy. The uvula may have been sandwiched between the shaft of the endoscope and the gum or hard palate, or may have been pressed against the posterior pharynx, leading to prolonged ischemia and resultant ulceration and necrosis. Uvular trauma can also be caused by oral pharyngeal suction. We recommend that post-endoscopy uvular necrosis should be managed conservatively based on the patient's symptoms. In all reported cases, and in the present case as well, the uvula healed and the symptoms resolved within 2 weeks (5 - 14 days) after the procedure. The uvula regained its normal appearance. Overall, these patients should have a good clinical outcome.
Hybrid Conducting Polymer–Hydrogel Conduits for Axonal Growth and Neural Tissue Engineering
Authors: Mohammad R. Abidian, Eugene D. Daneshvar, Brent M. Egeland, Daryl R. Kipke, Paul S. Cederna, Melanie G. Urbanchek
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Successfully and efficiently bridging peripheral nerve gaps without the use of autografts is a substantial clinical advance for peripheral nerve reconstructions. Novel templating methods for the fabrication of conductive hydrogel guidance channels for axonal regeneration are designed and developed. PEDOT is electrodeposited inside the lumen to create fully coated-PEDOT agarose conduits and partially coated-PEDOT agarose conduits. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
GPs should help patients avoid unhealthy breakfast cereals, expert says
Authors: Katherine Burke
Journal: BMJ (2004)

GPs should help patients interpret nutritional information on packaged foods such as breakfast cereals, a leading obesity expert has suggested, because many so called healthy foods are not as good for us as we think.

Professor Jane Wardle from University College London has backed research from the Consumers' Association that accuses manufacturers of breakfast cereal of “lacing” their products with high levels of sugar, salt, and fat.

Professor Wardle pointed out that the food industry is driven to launch saltier, fattier, and more sugary brands because these taste and therefore sell better than healthier alternatives.

“Even someone like me can study their …
Separation of mycotoxin-containing sources in grain dust and determination of their mycotoxin potential.
Authors: M S Palmgren, L S Lee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Two distinct reservoirs of mycotoxins exist in fungal-infected cereal grains--the fungal spores and the spore-free mycelium-substrate matrix. Many fungal spores are of respirable size and the mycelium-substrate matrix can be pulverized to form particles of respirable size during routine handling of grain. In order to determine the contribution of each source to the level of mycotoxin contamination of dust, we developed techniques to harvest and separate mycelium-substrate matrices from spores of fungi. Conventional quantitative chromatographic analyses of separated materials indicated that aflatoxin from Aspergillus parasiticus, norsolorinic acid from a mutant of A. parasiticus, and secalonic acid D from Penicillium oxalicum were concentrated in the mycelium-substrate matrices and not in the spores. In contrast, spores of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus contained significant concentrations of aurasperone C and fumigaclavine C, respectively; only negligible amounts of the toxins were detected in the mycelium-substrate matrices of these two fungi.
Electricity in Poliomyelitis
Authors: Almerin W. Baer
Journal: JAMA (1910)

i ight in the only hospital along the coast of a thousand miles:luring my visit here we have had twenty operations on the eye, one amputation, the removal of a large tumor and numer¬ ous teeth extracted.In medicine we have had pleurisy, tuber¬ culosis, tetanus, smallpox, leprosy, paraplegia, different varieties of heart-lesions and other interesting cases.In gynccologv we have the usual run of inflammations and dis¬ placements, with alresia for a specially.Due of the peculiari¬ ties of the people here is that they never present I liemselvcs for treatment until the disease is far advanced, but of course there ian excuse for them in some cases, as they may have suffered for years before there was a hospital to come to.About 7.") per cení, of the people seem to have eye trouble of some soil.Trachoma, trichiasis, ulcération and opacity are the commonest tonus: vet inside a week one meets every¬ thing from simple ophthalmia to panoplithalinitis.In fact, one would have to be a specialist in every branch of medicine and surgery to do justice to the amount and range of material."Calls ai'e now in my hands from great cities, as well as
Termination of Refractory Tachycardia by External Countershock
Authors: PAUL M. ZOLL, ARTHUR J. LINENTHAL
Journal: Circulation (1962)

External electric countershock has been used to terminate refractory supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in eight patients. General anesthesia is necessary when the patient is conscious. This technic is indicated when the patient's condition is desperate or intolerable and drug therapy is ineffective, too slow, or otherwise inadvisable.
The receptors CD96 and CD226 oppose each other in the regulation of natural killer cell functions
Authors: Christopher J Chan, Ludovic Martinet, Susan Gilfillan, Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Melvyn T Chow, Liam Town, David S Ritchie, Marco Colonna, Daniel M Andrews, Mark J Smyth
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Effects of transdermal scopolamine, alone or in combination with cimetidine, on total 24 hour gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.
Authors: C T Richardson, M Feldman
Journal: Gut (1986)

Transdermal scopolamine is an antimuscarinic preparation approved for use in the United States for prevention of motion sickness. A recent study using this drug (0.5 mg/patch) suggested that enough scopolamine was absorbed through the skin to reduce basal gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer. We have compared the effect of transdermal scopolamine and oral cimetidine (400 mg twice daily) in seven men with chronic duodenal ulcer, both alone and in combination, on acid secretion throughout an entire 24 hour period in a placebo-controlled, randomised, double blinded cross over study. The effect of these drugs on basal, interprandial, and nocturnal gastric juice volume and hydrogen ion concentration also was measured. Transdermal scopolamine had no significant effect on mean 24 hour acid secretion (placebo, 409.4 mmol/day; scopolamine, 364.0 mmol/day) nor did it have a significant effect on gastric juice volume or hydrogen ion concentration. The combination of transdermal scopolamine plus cimetidine was not more effective than cimetidine alone in reducing total 24 hour acid secretion (mean, 231.8 versus 235.3 mmol/day) nor in reducing gastric juice volume or hydrogen ion concentration.
Murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. Characterization of a mouse with beta-glucuronidase deficiency.
Authors: E H Birkenmeier, M T Davisson, W G Beamer, R E Ganschow, C A Vogler, B Gwynn, K A Lyford, L M Maltais, C J Wawrzyniak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We have characterized a new mutant mouse that has virtually no beta-glucuronidase activity. This biochemical defect causes a murine lysosomal storage disease that has many interesting similarities to human mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII; Sly syndrome; beta-glucuronidase deficiency). Genetic analysis showed that the mutation is inherited as an autosomal recessive that maps to the beta-glucuronidase gene complex, [Gus], on the distal end of chromosome 5. Although there is a greater than 200-fold reduction in the beta-glucuronidase mRNA concentration in mutant tissues, Southern blot analysis failed to detect any abnormalities in the structural gene, Gus-sb, or in 17 kb of 5' flanking and 4 kb of 3' flanking sequences. Surprisingly, a sensitive S1 nuclease assay indicated that the relative level of kidney gusmps mRNA responded normally to androgen induction by increasing approximately 11-fold. Analysis of this mutant mouse may offer valuable information on the pathogenesis of human MPS VII and provide a useful system in which to study bone marrow transplantation and gene transfer methods of therapy.
Endometriosis and Organochlorinated Environmental Pollutants: A Case–Control Study on Italian Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Maria Grazia Porpora, Emanuela Medda, Annalisa Abballe, Simone Bolli, Isabella De Angelis, Alessandro di Domenico, Annamaria Ferro, Anna Maria Ingelido, Antonella Maggi, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Elena De Felip
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disease characterized by the ectopic growth of endometrial tissue. In industrialized countries, it affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Its etiology is unclear, but a multifactorial origin is considered to be most plausible. Environmental organochlorinated persistent pollutants, in particular dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have been hypothesized to play a role in the disease etiopathogenesis. However, results of studies carried out on humans are conflicting.We evaluated the exposure to organochlorinated persistent pollutants as a risk factor for endometriosis.We conducted a case-control study in Rome on 158 women comprising 80 cases and 78 controls. In all women, serum concentrations of selected non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs), 1,1-dichloro-2,2,-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were determined by ion-trap mass spectrometry. DR-CALUX bioassay was employed to assess the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and DL-PCBs.We found an increased risk of endometriosis for DL-PCB-118 [odds ratio (OR) = 3.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-8.91], NDL-PCB-138 (OR = 3.78; 95% CI, 1.60-8.94), NDL-PCB-153 (OR = 4.88; 95% CI, 2.01-11.0), NDL-PCB-170 (OR = 3.52; 95% CI, 1.41-8.79), and the sum of DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs (OR = 5.63; 95% CI, 2.25-14.10). No significant associations were observed with respect to HCB or to the sum of PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs given as total TEQs.The results of this study show that an association exists between increased PCB and p,p'-DDE serum concentrations and the risk of endometriosis.