tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
450 Years Old—What of the Future?
Authors: MAX ROSENHEIM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Convocation Oration1 May 1968450 Years Old—What of the Future?MAX ROSENHEIMMAX ROSENHEIMSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1115 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOn 23rd September, 1518, a Royal Charter for the College of Physicians of London was handed by His Majesty, King Henry VIII, to our founder and first President, Thomas Linacre (Figure 1). Our College is the oldest English medical corporation, and this year we celebrate its 450th anniversary. Our celebrations will reach their culmination during the third week of October and will be centred around our annual Harveian Oration and Dinner. We very much hope that the President of your great College, Sir, will grace this occasion and give us the pleasure of his company.Our College possesses an almost... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MAX ROSENHEIMAffiliations: London,Convocation Oration delivered before the 49th Annual Session of the American College of Physicians held jointly with The Royal College of Physicians of London, Boston, April 4, 1968.The figures are presented in the published version only. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMax Leonard Rosenheim, Baron Rosenheim of Camden, 1908-1972 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1115-1121KeywordsForecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Measles in Children Previously Vaccinated Against Measles
Authors: Stephen J. Lerman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

An outbreak of measles (rubeola) occurred in a city in northeastern Ohio between January and June 1969, involving 14 children previously inoculated with live attenuated measles virus vaccine and 46 unvaccinated children. In a school where the attack rate was 52.4% for unvaccinated children, the attack rate for children vaccinated by one particular physician was 17.9%, compared with 1.2% for children vaccinated by the local health department and other physicians. Vaccine in this physician's office was exposed to temperatures that may have contributed to virus inactivation. This study is an example of vaccine efficacy under conditions of current community use that is less than anticipated by field trial experience. Lack of initial seroconversion is the most likely cause of these vaccine failures and deterioration of vaccine infectivity during storage is proposed as the probable explanation.
EXTENSIVE MULTIPLE KELOIDS.THREE CASES IN CHINAMEN FOLLOWING THE HABITUAL HYPODERMIC USE OF MORPHIN.
Authors: MAXIMILIAN HERZOG
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Keloid is a pathologic process of the skin, somewhat doubtful as to its nosologic classification, but generally looked on as a connective tissue neoplasm, closely allied to, though separate and distinct from ordinary fibromata. The name of this skin affection—keloid—was first used by Alibert,<sup>1</sup>and it should correctly be spelled cheloid, being derived from χηλή, a crab's claw. The etiology of keloid to-day is still ill understood; we do know, however, that this morbid process frequently follows comparatively insignificant trauma of the skin and that it appears to require a special susceptibility or predisposition, either purely personal or racial, in the individuals in whom it develops. Pricks of the skin with small instruments, common needles or tattooing needles have frequently been noticed as the starting points of keloid formation. However, I have failed to find in the literature reports of cases of the development of multiple keloids in consequence of
Cytokine milieu modulates release of thymic stromal lymphopoietin from human keratinocytes stimulated with double-stranded RNA
Authors: Hirokazu Kinoshita, Toshiro Takai, Tuan Anh Le, Seiji Kamijo, Xiao Ling Wang, Hiroko Ushio, Mutsuko Hara, Junko Kawasaki, Anh Tuan Vu, Takasuke Ogawa, Hendra Gunawan, Shigaku Ikeda, Ko Okumura, Hideoki Ogawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Metabolic Abnormalities in Migraine
Authors: ARNOLD P. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Editorial Notes1 November 1971Metabolic Abnormalities in MigraineARNOLD P. FRIEDMAN, M.D.ARNOLD P. FRIEDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-5-801 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptExcessive or sustained emotional reactions are well known as precipitants of migraine in susceptible persons. Other attack-provoking factors include fatigue, bright or flickering light, mild transient hypoglycemic states, high altitude, meteorological changes, drugs (reserpine and vasodilators), and hormonal imbalance during the menstrual cycle. For many years migraine attacks have been attributed, in medical and lay literature, to the ingestion of foods. These observations have lacked a scientific basis with proper controls. Clinical experience has indicated that in most cases headache from these foods is caused by a psychological conditioning in these patients rather than by a specific chemical influence.The...References1. HANINGTONMULLENKELLOW EPA: Dietary migraine and tyramine metabolism. Nature (Lond) 230: 246-248, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SICUTERITESTIANSELMI FAB Biochemical investigations in headache: increase in the hydroxyndoleacetic acid excretion during migraine attacks. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 19:55-58, 1961 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. LANCEANTHONYHINTERBERGER JMH: The possible relationship of serotonin to the migraine syndrome, in Research and Clinical Studies in Headache, vol. II. Karger AG, Basel, 1969, pp. 29-59 Google Scholar4. CUMINGS J: Migraine—a biochemical disorder? Fourth Symposium of the Migraine Trust, London, 11 September 1970 Google Scholar5. ADAMSORTONZILKHA CCK: Arterial catecholamine and enzyme histochemistry in migraine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 31:50-56, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Headache Unit Montefiore Hospital New York, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA rapid spectrophotometric assay for prostaglandin synthetase: Application to the study of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents 1 November 1971Volume 75, Issue 5Page: 801-802KeywordsEmotionsFatigueFoodHeadachesHypoglycemicsIngestionMenstrual cycleMigraineReserpineVasodilators Issue Published: 1 November 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Coping Strategies and Course of Disease of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: C. Buddeberg, C. Wolf, M. Sieber, A. Riehl-Emde, A. Bergant, R. Steiner, C. Landolt-Ritter, D. Richter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

In a prospective 3-year longitudinal study investigating correlations between coping strategies and course of breast cancer a consecutive series of 107 patients were assessed for biological and psychosocial data. Data analysis indicated no significant correlations between coping strategies and course of cancer. On the other hand, biological parameters such as size of tumor and lymph node stage at time of surgery correlated significantly with the course of disease. It was concluded that the assessed indicators of coping are of little importance in regard to the course of the disease and less predictive compared with somatical parameters of breast cancer.
New approach is needed to reinvigorate practice based commissioning
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government should set out a clear vision for the future of practice based commissioning if the policy is to deliver better services for patients, says a health policy think tank. It calls for national guidance for GPs and primary care trusts on how best to implement the policy. 

A report of a two year study by the King’s Fund says that the health minister Ara Darzi was right to commit the government to continue with practice based commissioning in his recent review of the NHS ( BMJ 2008,337,a644, doi:10.1136/bmj.a644). If implemented well, the King’s Fund report says, the policy could help GPs deliver better services to patients, more choice of treatments, and more effective …
RINGWORM OF THE FEET
Authors: WILLIAM L. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Ringworm of the feet is a fungus (mold or vegetable organism) infection usually found between the toes or about the nails. It is technically called epidermomycosis, epidermophytosis or trichophyton interdigitale. It is also known as toe itch, toe scald, fungus foot or athletic foot. Hongkong foot and Shanghai foot are none other than the ringworm of the feet found in this country. Ringworm infection was. first discovered by Hebra, in 1860, as eczema marginatum. It was later discovered to be of mycotic origin by Kolobler, Pick and Kaposa. In 1907, Sabouraud isolated and described the fungus<i>Epidermophyton inguinale</i>. During the World War, ringworm was found to be the most common skin disease. The United States Public Health Service reported that one half of all adults have this disease at some time and that in the Gulf States almost the entire population is affected. Nine tenths of the habitués of gymnasiums
CD4 + T Cells Can Induce Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Allergen Challenge in the Brown Norway Rat
Authors: HIDEYASU MISHIMA, MASAYUKI HOJO, AZUMA WATANABE, QUTAYBA A. HAMID, JAMES G. MARTIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Airway hyperresponsiveness to inhalational challenge with methacholine (MCh) develops by 32 h after allergen challenge of actively sensitized BN rats. To test the hypothesis that CD4 + T cells mediate allergen-induced hyperresponsiveness independent of IgE-mediated mechanisms, we administered CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and a mixture of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells (total T cells) isolated from the cervical lymph nodes of rats sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) to naive BN rats that underwent aerosol challenge with either OA or bovine serum albumin (BSA) 2 d later. Responsiveness to MCh was measured 2 d before transfer of T cells and 32 h after challenge with OA or BSA. Airway responsiveness increased significantly in recipients of CD4 + T cells after OA challenge, but not in any other of the treatment groups. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells for major basic protein expression by immunostaining showed eosinophilia in OA-challenged CD4 + and total T-cell recipients. Cells retrieved by bronchoalveolar lavage showed increased expression of IL-5 mRNA (in situ hybridization) in CD4 + T cell recipients after OA challenge compared with other groups. Interferon- γ mRNA was expressed to the greatest extent in CD8 + recipients, but it was elevated in both OA- and BSA-challenged animals. We conclude that CD4 + T cells can induce airway hyperresponsiveness after inhalational challenge with allergen and this is associated with IL-5 production and eosinophilia. CD8 + T cells may have a negative regulatory effect on responsiveness, possibly mediated by interferon- γ .
Serological Response to Rubella Revaccination
Authors: Mary K. Serdula
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To document the serological response, 21 seronegative rubella vaccinees (hemagglutination inhibition [HI] titer less than 10) were revaccinated with RA 27/3 rubella vaccine. All demonstrated an anamnestic response. Although RA 27/3 vaccine was an effective booster, antibody boost was not maintained in some persons. Of 15 persons tested, 24 to 27 months after revaccination, six had a significant HI antibody drop (fourfold or greater); only one had lost all detectable HI antibody. Although all 21 study participants were initially HI seronegative by rubella HI testing, 16 (76.2%) possessed neutralization and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies before revaccination. As more persons with vaccine-induced immunity join the adult population pool, more sensitive test methods may be needed to assess serological status accurately.
Exercise cross-sectional echocardiography in ischemic heart disease.
Authors: L S Wann, J V Faris, R H Childress, J C Dillon, A E Weyman, H Feigenbaum
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We performed cross-sectional echocardiograms at rest, during supine bicycle exercise, and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration in 28 patients suspected of having ischemic heart disease. Technically adequate exercise cross-sectional echocardiograms were obtained in 20 patients (71%). Ten patients had new areas of reversible segmental dysynergy, and all 10 had significant stenoses of coronary arteries supplying areas of the heart corresponding to the location of reversible dysynergy. Six of these 10 patients also underwent exercise thallium-201 perfusion scanning, and all six had reversible perfusion defects in the area that demonstrated reversible dysynergy on exercise cross-sectional echocardiography. At least two of the remaining 10 patients who did not have reversible segmental dysynergy on exercise cross-sectional echocardiography probably experienced myocardial ischemia that we did not detect. We conclude that exercise cross-sectional echocardiography is technically difficult but feasible. The mechanical consequences of exercise-induced regional myocardial ischemia can be detected noninvasively by real-time, two-dimensional, cross-sectional echocardiography.
Steadily High IDDM Incidence Over 4 Years in Sardinia
Authors: Sandro Muntoni, Liliana Stabilini, Marco Stabilini, Gabriella Mancosu, Sergio Muntoni
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To verify whether the high incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Sardinia is an epidemic outbreak or a steady phenomenon. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All newly diagnosed cases of IDDM with onset in patients 0–29 years of age between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 1992 among residents in Sardinia were obtained from the Sardinian IDDM Incidence Registry. The local IDDM patient association (Associazione Diabete Infantile Giovanile) served as the secondary and independent source. RESULTS The completeness of ascertainment was 91%. The age-standardized mean annual incidence of IDDM (per 100,000) was 34.4 in the 0- to 14-year-old age-group and 26.2 in the entire 0- to 29-year-old range, respectively. Men-to-women ratios were 1.38 and 1.55, respectively. Seasonal variation in incidence was observed, with a peak in fall and winter and a nadir in summer. CONCLUSIONS Sardinia has a very high and steady IDDM incidence rate, which is up to fivefold that of other Italian regions and Mediterranean countries and approaches the Finnish top rate in the world. Interaction between the genetic peculiarity of Sardinians and still unidentified powerful environmental agents is likely to account for the phenomenon.
Lung cancer in young females
Authors: T Lienert, M Serke, N Schonfeld, R Loddenkemper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Previous studies suggested that the characteristics of young female lung cancer patients may differ from those of other patients. Using the cancer registry at the Lungenklinik Heckeshorn hospital, all female patients under the age of 46 yrs with primary lung cancer 1986-1995 were identified. The clinical records were reviewed for risk factors, stage, histology, therapy, and survival. The data were compared with those of other patients. Of the 4,939 patients 96 (1.9%) were females aged &lt;46 yrs. The percentage of young females doubled within ten years from 1 to 2% of all patients (p=0.03). The main risk factor in young females was smoking. Adenocarcinoma and carcinoids were overrepresented, whereas squamous cell and small cell carcinoma were significantly rarer in the young female group. Young females and young males were more likely to have advanced disease and underwent surgery and/or combined treatment significantly more often than older patients. The overall survival was only moderately better in younger patients. The clinical features of young female patients differed from those of young males and older females, the prognosis likewise depended on tumour stage and therapy.
The critical role of the adrenal gland in the renal regulation of acid-base equilibrium during chronic hypotonic expansion. Evidence that chronic hyponatremia is a potent stimulus to aldosterone secretion.
Authors: J J Cohen, H N Hulter, N Smithline, J C Melby, W B Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Recent studies have shown that chronic hypotonic volume expansion (HVE) induced by administration of vasopressin and water stimulates distal hydrogen ion secretion and thereby (a) permits dogs with HCl-acidosis to restore acid-base equilibrium to normal despite continued acid feeding and (b) permits normal dogs to conserve filtered bicarbonate quantitatively despite the natriuresis induced by water retention. To examine whether these effects of chronic HVE are mediated by augmented mineralocorticoid secretion, urinary and plasma aldosterone levels were monitored during prolonged administration of vasopressin. In HCl-fed animals, the HVE-induced rise in plasma [HCO3] (from 13.8 to 21.3 meq/liter) was associated with a rise in aldosterone excretion from 0.45 to 0.88 mug/day (P less than 0.02). In normal animals, in which plasma [HCO3] remained stable during HVE (21.9 vs. 20.0 meq/liter), aldosterone excretion rose from 0.51 to 2.28 mug/day (P less than 0.02) and plasma aldosterone concentration rose from 8.1 to 39.8 ng/100 ml (P less than 0.01). Vasopressin and water were also administered to adrenalectomized animals maintained on glucocorticoids and a slightly subphysiologic replacement schedule of mineralocorticoids. In the HCl-fed adrenalectomized group, plasma [HCO3], instead of rising to normal, showed no significant change (16.9 vs. 15.0 meq/liter). In the non-HCl-fed adrenalectomized group, plasma [HCO3], rather than remaining stable, fell significantly (20.3 vs 16.5 meq/liter, P less than 0.1). Two conclusions can be drawn from this study: (a) the well-known inhibitory effect of volume expansion on aldosterone secretion can be overridden by a potent stimulatory effect on the adrenal produced by severe chronic hypotonicity, and (b) the response of plasma [HCO3] observed during severe chronic HVE is mediated by augmented mineralocorticoid secretion. These findings, furthermore, offer a possible explanation for the puzzling observation that plasma [HCO3] in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is maintained at normal levels even in the face of severe hyponatremia.
Conservation in Hospital Resource Use: Treatment of Pneumonias
Authors: DONALD R. SHEELEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

An investigation of patient care in four hospitals compared levels of resource use between 1964 and 1974 for patients with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia. Results showed a decreased length of stay in all hospitals. Unique patterns of increases and decreases existed in each hospital for the changing use of diagnostic and therapeutic resources. Reduction in dollar value of length of stay was larger in all cases than increases in dollar value of diagnostic and therapeutic resource use. This resulted in an overall reduction in hospital resource charges over the decade, when 1974 dollar values were used. Large increases in diagnostic or therapeutic resources (up to 217%) were reflected as only minor increases in the partial hospital bill over the decade (< 11%). Increased intensity of resource use has contributed to increasing per-day charges of up to 27%, in the face of recent average cost rises of more than 10 times that size for daily hospital expenses.
Invasive Aspergillosis in Acute Leukemia: Correlation with Nose Cultures and Antibiotic Use
Authors: JOSEPH AISNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Aspergillosis in cancer patients is a problem. Because not all patients can undergo invasive procedures, we sought other methods for diagnosis. We reviewed the data from all patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia treated at our center during a 3-year period. Of 125 patients, 18 had invasive aspergillosis (cases). Eleven patients had nose cultures growing Aspergillus flavus or A. fumigatus; 10 of these 11 had aspergillosis, whereas only eight of 114 without such nose cultures had invasive disease (P less than 0.000001). Thus, A. flavus on nose culture appears "predictive" for aspergillosis. Absence of such a culture does not preclude infection. Of 125 patients, 61 had sterile nose culture(s) and 14 of the 18 cases had such a sterile nose culture. Only four of the 64 patients without sterile nose cultures developed aspergillosis (P less than 0.008), suggesting a relation between sterile nose culture and aspergillosis. Carbenicillin was used for a longer period among cases and patients with predictive nose cultures than among patients without aspergillosis. These data may help identify patients at risk of aspergillosis and help determine antifungal therapy when invasive procedures are contraindicated.
Abnormal Blood Glucose and Coronary Heart Disease: The Puerto Rico Heart Health Program
Authors: Mercedes Cruz-Vidal, Mario R Garcia Palmieri, Raul Costas, Paul D Sorlie, Richard J Havlik
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The presence of abnormal blood glucose (ABG) was determined for participants in the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program, a prospective epidemiological study of cardiovascular disease. Subjects were considered to have ABG at baseline if they were receiving treatment for diabetes (diet, oral hypoglycemics, or insulin), or if the blood glucose level was 140 mg/dl or more. Urban-rural comparisons of the prevalence of ABG were made in this cohort of 2585 rural and 6208 urban men aged 45–64 yr. The prevalence of ABG in the urban population was more than double that in the rural. This population has been followed up for coronary heart disease (CHD) over an 8¼-yr period. ABG at baseline is significantly associated with CHD death in urban men. When the relationship is controlled for smoking, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and relative weight, the relationship remains significant. The association with total CHD is similar. Either by adjusting for diabetes (i.e., when treated diabetes was excluded from analysis) or by entering both blood glucose and diabetes under treatment into the model, blood glucose was no longer statistically significant. This suggests that ABG, rather than blood glucose alone, is the important variable associated with CHD.
Nitric Oxide Is a Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Activity
Authors: Tatyana Michurina, Peter Krasnov, Alejandro Balazs, Naoki Nakaya, Tamara Vasilieva, Boris Kuzin, Nikolay Khrushchov, Richard C. Mulligan, Grigori Enikolopov
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to various multipotent progenitor populations, which expand in response to cytokines and which ultimately generate all of the elements of the blood. Here we show that it is possible to increase the number of stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) by suppressing the activity of NO synthases (NOS). Exposure of mice to NOS inhibitors, either directly or after irradiation and BM transplantation, increases the number of stem cells in the BM. In the transplantation model, this increase is followed by a transient increase in the number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. Thus, our results indicate that NO is important for the control of hematopoietic stem cells in the BM. They further suggest that suppression of NO synthase activity may allow expansion of the number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or neutrophils for therapeutic purposes.