tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of Psychiatry
Authors: H. Keith Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This second edition is a completely revised book, in content, organization, page format, and type. Gregory directs his book to medical students and physicians in "other" fields. His aim is to present "practical and systematic" summaries of fundamental knowledge in psychopathology and clinical psychiatry. His orientation is "eclectic, holistic and pragmatic," and I might add, "antipsychoanalytic" as far as therapeutics are concerned. There are 26 chapters. The early ones cover such topics as history, dynamics, causation, hereditary, biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Following a chapter on interviewing, Marks and Kangas discuss psychological tests. Psychosocial and somatic treatments are taken up, the latter chapter written by Schiele. Roberts has a chapter on preventive psychiatry. Other chapters discuss, among other subjects, psychiatry and the law, neuroses, psychophysiologic disorders, manic-depression, schizophrenia, delinquency, alcoholism and drug addiction, organic brain disorders, and mental retardation. Although the planning is comprehensive and the result is a
REPORT ON AMPUTATIONS AT THE JUNCTURE OF THE TARSAL AND METATARSAL ARTICULATION.
Authors: W. J. GALBRAITH
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I regret exceedingly that neither of the cases I desired to exhibit at this meeting are here. Owing to the fact that I am obliged to return to Omaha to-night, they will not be here in time for me to exhibit them. I secured transportation and gave them the necessary means to pay their expenses, but some unavoidable accident has delayed them. I believe the treatment that was applied to this case and one other since that I have operated is entirely unique. It is very difficult for me to describe to you accurately the treatment this case received. It was impossible for me to make a Lisfranc operation on account of the destruction of the tissues a little proximal to the tarsal and metatarsal articulation. In the customary treatment of these cases a Symes or Pirogoff operation would undoubtedly have been made. I explained to the patient, who was
Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis: a Bacteriologist's Viewpoint
Authors: D. A. Mitchison
Journal: BMJ (1965)

One of the most fruitful scientific methods for investigating the treatment of many conditions is the controlled clinical trial.Marc Daniels was a pioneer in the application of this procedure to the chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis.He was responsible for the coordination of the first Medical Research Council co-operative studies in Britain.His scientific stature is demonstrated by the great care with which he collected his data, by his accuracy in the analysis of the results, and by his far-sighted judgment in their interpretation.It is fitting that many of the findings described in the present communication were obtained during the course of controlled clinical trials, carried out under the auspices of the Medical Research Council in the East African countries, and at the Tuberculosis Chemo- therapy Centre, Madras.-Before the discovery of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis therapeutic measures were mainly aimed at increasing the patient's resistance to the disease.These measures included rest for the patient and for the affected organ, good food, and an absence of emotional strain.However, with the increasing use of antibacterial drugs the aim in treatment has changed.The host and his immune response have become less important, while the reaction between the tubercle bacillus and the drug has come to dominate the scene.If we now wish to improve the results of treatment we attempt to use better drugs and to give them in the most efficient manner.It is my purpose to illustrate this change in attitude and to try to explain some of the more important bacteriological concepts involved. Action of Drgs on Sensitive BacilliWhen patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are given anti- bacterial drugs, successive cultures during the first months of treatment yield organisms which are identical in their drug sensitivity to those isolated before the start of treatment.The numbers of bacilli in these cultures become progressively smaller as treatment continues (Fig. 1).An explanation for the excre- tion of sensitive bacilli during treatment is important in understanding many of the phenomena occurring during chemo- therapy.The occurrence of these sensitive organisms may be explained by two alternative hypotheses.One hypothesis assumes that the bacilli continue to multiply during the period that the sensitive organisms are isolated from the patient.Such multiplication might occur in particular areas in the lungs, or in parts of lesions, such as the interior of thick-walled cavities, which are often considered not to have a good blood supply.Again, multiplication might take place in the intervals between separate doses of the drug when concentrations in the lesions
Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Michael Achtelik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters15 November 2005Preventing Sudden Cardiac DeathMichael Achtelik, MDMichael Achtelik, MDFrom Medtronic, Inc., 40547 Düsseldorf, Germany.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Pauker and colleagues' editorial (1) regarding the cost-effectiveness of implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) mentioned that 500 000 devices could potentially be implanted annually on the basis of McClellan and Tunis's calculations (2). Still, this figure refers to the prevalence pool of patients that would fulfill the criteria set forth by the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCDHeFT), not the annual incidence. In that respect, and considering the mean life expectation of about 9 years for SCDHeFT patients, the number of annual implants would be 56 000, not 500 000. The total cost would be reduced accordingly from $15 ...References1. Pauker SG, Estes NA, Salem DN. Preventing sudden cardiac death: can we afford the benefit? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:664-6. [PMID: 15838073] LinkGoogle Scholar2. McClellan MB, Tunis SR. Medicare coverage of ICDs. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:222-4. [PMID: 15659721] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Medtronic, Inc., 40547 Düsseldorf, Germany.Disclosures: Employment: M. Achtelik (Medtronic). PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPreventing Sudden Cardiac Death: Can We Afford the Benefit? Stephen G. Pauker , N. A. Mark Estes , and Deeb N. Salem Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death Stephen G. Pauker , N. A. Mark Estes , and Deeb N. Salem Metrics Cited byWarning Symptoms Are Associated With Survival From Sudden Cardiac ArrestEloi Marijon, MD, PhD, Audrey Uy-Evanado, MD, Florence Dumas, MD, PhD, Nicole Karam, MD, MPH, Kyndaron Reinier, MPH, PhD, Carmen Teodorescu, MD, PhD, Kumar Narayanan, MD, Karen Gunson, MD, Jonathan Jui, MD, Xavier Jouven, MD, PhD, and Sumeet S. Chugh, MD 15 November 2005Volume 143, Issue 10Page: 756KeywordsConflicts of interestHeart failureMotivationSudden cardiac death ePublished: 15 November 2005 Issue Published: 15 November 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Efficiency, Satisfaction, and Costs for Remote Video Visits Following Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boyd R Viers, Deborah J Lightner, Marcelino E Rivera, Matthew K Tollefson, Stephen A Boorjian, R Jeffrey Karnes, R Houston Thompson, Daniel A O'Neil, Rachel L Hamilton, Matthew R Gardner, Mary Bundrick, Sarah M Jenkins, Sandhya Pruthi, Igor Frank, Matthew T Gettman
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Missing evidence that animal research benefits humans
Authors: Y S Bakhle
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—The general inference drawn by Pound et al from six systematic studies, that animal research does not benefit humans is not justified.1 These studies represent a very small proportion of all animal research. The correct inference from their examples (in four out of six, animal studies agreed with clinical findings) is not that animal research was “valueless” but that it was not done at the right time or was disregarded. Selective referencing (study 5) does not reflect animal research giving the wrong signals; it exemplifies the Nelson syndrome—choosing which signals to see.​see.




Figure 1



Credit: RAGUET/PHANIE/REX




The real message of the article is not about the value of animal research but about the basis of clinical trials. Before clinical trials are started, all relevant existing research should be critically assessed, locally and externally. In trials of new drugs the external assessment is carried out by the licensing authority; where trials are supported by non-industry funds (Medical Research Council, etc) this is done by the peer reviewers. More clinical research is needed but this deficiency is more an organisational problem2 and not a measure of the value of animal research.

Pound et al ask where the evidence is that animal research benefits humans. That evidence is like Christopher Wren's monuments—it is all around us. Many humans are benefiting now from, say, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, selective β agonists, neuromuscular blockers, anaesthetics, or statins. All have been introduced because animal research initially suggested benefit for a human disorder; suggestions that were subsequently fully substantiated in clinical practice.
Glucose-Induced Regulation of Protein Import Receptor Tom22 by Cytosolic and Mitochondria-Bound Kinases
Authors: Carolin Gerbeth, Oliver Schmidt, Sanjana Rao, Angelika B. Harbauer, Despina Mikropoulou, Magdalena Opalińska, Bernard Guiard, Nikolaus Pfanner, Chris Meisinger
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Jerome Schofferman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE intravenous abuse of drugs intended for oral use can lead to a diverse spectrum of medical complications.<sup>1</sup>Some of these complications are caused not by the drug itself, but rather by the concomitant injection of tablet filler, nonsterile diluents, or materials acquired while filtering tablet contents. A patient with a long history of intravenous use of crushed barbiturate tablets was first seen with pulmonary hypertension. He subsequently developed a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old white man was admitted to Harbor General Hospital (Torrance, Calif) in March 1972 with hematemesis, shortness of breath, and confusion of several days' duration. He admitted to the abuse of many drugs taken orally, as well as the intravenous use of heroin, amphetamines, and crushed barbiturate tablets that he strained through cotton or cigarette filters. The results of physical examination were normal except for an increased pulmonic component of
[5] ABSENCE OF FXR PROTECTS MICE FROM BILE-INFARCTS IN BILIARY OBSTRUCTION BY REDUCTION OF BILE ACID-INDEPENDENT BILE FLOW: IMPLICATIONS FOR TARGETING FXR IN TREATMENT OF CHOLESTASIS?
Authors: M. Wagner, T. Moustafa, P. Fickert, G. Zollner, J. Gumhold, D. Silbert, A. Fuchsbichler, K. Zatloukal, H. Denk, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Pneumonia causes panic in Guangdong province
Authors: L. Rosling
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The past fortnight has seen the province of Guangdong in southern China become victim to a serious pneumonia epidemic that seized its people with fear and caused major temporary economic damage but that eventually turned out to have relatively slight medical impact. By last week, there had been eight deaths.

However, considerable anxiety was created by an “epidemic of rumours.” During the first week of February the public became aware of a mysterious respiratory illness, which apparently had a very high mortality and caused death within hours. Symptoms included cough, fever, and breathing difficulty.

Rumours abounded about …
Durability and Predictors of Successful Radiofrequency Ablation for Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: Sarina Pasricha, William J. Bulsiewicz, Kelly E. Hathorn, Srinadh Komanduri, V. Raman Muthusamy, Richard I. Rothstein, Herbert C. Wolfsen, Charles J. Lightdale, Bergein F. Overholt, Daniel S. Camara, Evan S. Dellon, William D. Lyday, Atilla Ertan, Gary W. Chmielewski, Nicholas J. Shaheen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Influenza surveillance: a perpetual campaign for elusive victories
Authors: C. A. Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A NOTE ON THE FATE OF TARTRATES IN THE BODY
Authors: Frank P. Underhill, H. Gideon Wells, Samuel Goldschmidt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

Under the experimental conditions outlined, sodium tartrate subcutaneously introduced into rabbits fails to reappear in the urine. It is concluded that the disintegrative influence of the salt upon the convoluted tubules is sufficient to account for the failure of the salt to be eliminated. No evidence of a vicarious function on the part of the glomerulus was observed.
Principles of Airway Management
Authors: Ronald M. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Airway management remains an insufficiently mastered skill among many groups of physicians. The necessary experience during residency tends to accrue to those training in anesthesiology. Residents in other specialties are too often left to acquire these life-sustaining faculties during one month or less of intubating patients under optimal conditions with the immediate supervision of an experienced anesthesiologist. They may not be prepared for what awaits in the more acute setting. Both from Emory University, the authors of this very thorough but inexpensive book have filled a void by generating a well-balanced presentation of the topic, written for the medical student and nonanesthesiologist. Theirs is a pithy, well-illustrated, easy-to-read formulation of what every physician should know about the wide range of options currently available for management of the airway. No book can substitute for clinical experience, but this one will assuredly provide information that can enhance the effectiveness of any physician
A case-control study of regular aspirin use and coronary deaths.
Authors: C H Hennekens, L K Karlson, B Rosner
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Information was collected for a large number of coronary risk factors on a series of 568 married, white men, aged 30--70 years, who died from coronary heart disease. Information on the same risk factors was collected on an equal number of living controls matched on age, sex, marital status and neighborhood. For regular aspirin users (i.e. greater than or equal to 4 days per week) compared with non-users, the crude matched pair risk ratio estimate was 1.0 (95% confidence limits 0.9--1.1). Even after controlling for possible confounding effects of other variables using a paired multiple logistic regression analysis, there was no evidence of association. These data provide no evidence for a preventive role of regular aspirin intake in coronary deaths.
Comparison of Ketamine-Induced Thought Disorder in Healthy Volunteers and Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia
Authors: Caleb M. Adler, Anil K. Malhotra, Igor Elman, Terry Goldberg, Michael Egan, David Pickar, Alan Breier
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine whether thought disorder induced in healthy volunteers by the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine resembles the thought disorder found in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: The Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication was used to assess thought disorder in healthy volunteers (N=10) who received subanesthetic doses of ketamine and in a group of clinically stable inpatients with schizophrenia (N=15) who did not receive keta­mine. RESULTS: Mean scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication for patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers receiving ketamine did not differ significantly. Moreover, three of the four highest rated test items in both groups were the same. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ketamine-induced thought disorder in healthy volunteers is not dissimilar to the thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia and provide support for the involvement of the NMDA receptor in a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia.
Transformation of sinusoids into capillaries in a rat model of selenium-induced nodular regenerative hyperplasia: An immunolight and immunoelectron microscopic study
Authors: Liliane Dubuisson, Liliane Boussarie, Christiane-Alexine Bedin, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac-Sage
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The oral administration of selenium (Se) to young rats induces, over a 2-month period, the formation of nodular regenerative hyperplasia with sinusoidal damage around nodules. Perinodular areas located in zone 1 comprise atrophic hepatocytes and capillarized sinusoids without fibrosis. We used this unique model of capillarization without fibrosis to investigate the temporal relationship between the process of capillarization and changes occurring in the deposition of components of the extracellular matrix. After 2 weeks of intoxication, type III collagen and fibronectin were stable, but laminin and type IV collagen had increased in zone 1, resulting in the formation of septae between portal tracts. Even at 8 weeks, these two components still formed the principal deposits in perinodular zones. Electron microscopy showed already at 1 week in zone 1 that part of the endothelial wall had detached from hepatocytes. Sinusoidal endothelial cells progressively acquired certain of the characteristics of a vascular endothelium, some proliferated, and perisinusoidal cells transformed into myofibroblasts, surrounded by deposits of laminin and type IV collagen. These results indicate that both laminin and type IV collagen are involved in capillarization without fibrosis and in angiogenesis; fibronectin would not seem to play a role.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL CALCULUS.
Authors: GUY L. HUNNER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Few diseases present such protean symptoms and simulate such a varied array of other maladies as stone in the kidney. This is particularly true if we include in our considerations stone in the ureter. The smallest stone may cause typical agonizing symptoms not easily mistaken even by the patient, while without attracting notice large stones may occupy both kidneys, causing insidious destruction of these organs and sudden death from anuria. In the consideration of this subject I will first discuss the diseases of the kidney which we must differentiate from calculus nephritis, and will then take up those diseases of neighboring organs which most commonly mislead us in diagnosis. <h3>COMMON KIDNEY DISEASES TO BE DIFFERENTIATED FROM CALCULUS NEPHRITIS.</h3> The more common kidney diseases of which we must always think in making a diagnosis of stone are tuberculosis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis and pyonephrosis from the ordinary pus-producing infections, tumor and intermittent hydronephrosis.
Esther Christine Jessen
Authors: D. Crawford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Christine (the “e” was pronounced as in Christina) was born in Shanghai, China, the daughter of a German mother and a Danish businessman and the eldest of seven children. She was brought up speaking English and German in Hong Kong before returning to Denmark to complete her secondary education. After working a gap year as an auxiliary nurse in Switzerland, she came to the London Hospital, where she trained as a physiotherapist. After qualifying she enrolled at Newcastle University to study medicine, where she met her first husband. She gave birth …
Points from Letters: Urethral Syndrome
Authors: P. Wray
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The patient, a widow aged 63, developed a marked bilateral conjunctivitis in July 1970.When questioned, she stated that she had noticed a stinging sensation of the eyes when- ever she tipped a new brand of washing powder into water.This powder, which she had used for a few weeks only, proved to be a well known enzyme detergent.On giving up the use of the preparation the conjunctival signs disappeared and have not returned.Presumably the act of tipping out the washing powder can give rise to a sufficient concentration of enzyme dust to affect the conjunctiva of a sensitive person.When dealing with an unexplained case of allergic conjunctivitis, therefore, it seems worth asking whether the patient has been using a new brand of washing powder.-Iam, etc.,
Authors' reply to Enderby, Meteyard, and Thornton
Authors: A. Bowen, A. Hesketh, E. Patchick, A. Young, L. Davies, A. Vail, A. F. Long, C. Watkins, M. Wilkinson, G. Pearl, M. A. L. Ralph, P. Tyrrell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It is encouraging to see the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists supporting randomised controlled trials (RCTs).1 2 Meteyard worries that RCTs will not cope with the complexity inherent after stroke.3 However, many RCTs have demonstrated the effectiveness of a range of complex interventions for heterogeneous populations (for example, stroke unit care, occupational therapy).

As Enderby notes, the Cochrane review finds …