tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Lecture ON ANTE-NATAL HYGIENE: ITS INFLUENCE UPON INFANTILE MORTALITY
Authors: A. Routh
Journal: BMJ (1914)

Oni the surface *of tlhe Womani's Movement floats tlle great vessel known as the Vote, alnid tllere are lots of little slhips.aroundit with sails trimmiiieed to carry themi *into Franclhise Harbour and Equal Representation Bav; but thlese things are only oni the surface.Tllere is uniderneatl them a deep groiund swell of discontent-in imiany cases well foun-ded-of dissatisfaction witlh tlhe life of womani-.Iinid uinder certain circutmlstances, and of actual rebellion againist tle imlposed self-sacrifice of the mnother s lot.The algitatioin for the vote is a comtlparatively simiall msatter; bhut tllis underlyinig changed outlook andm-l lental attitude of so mnany women is nio simiall imiatter eitlher relatively or ahsoluitely.Cllildbearlicg is self sacrifice, anid does enttail if niot suffering at -least irksomieness, weariness, strain, inquietude, anid a certain separation frolml otlher miiore intel- lectual, perlhaps more agreeable anid nmore attractive, duties, iot to nanie pleasur-es.In somle cases it brings also dlanger, aned it always miieans, soolner or later, the pains of labour.Of course there are, and ever lhave been, comnpensations for those wliose lieatis are motherly, anid the women wlho bore us doubtless sooni renmembered nio miiore the anigulisl for joy that a man was borni into tllh world, but tlle col- pensations com-ae after the suffering anld are hlidden fromii view at first, and it is not every womiian.whlo hlas the iiotlier's, heart.Now, if we obstetricians, whlo lhave by anaesthetics talken tlhe sting out of labotur and its pain, can by hlygiene, stupervision, and treattment reimlove somIIe.at least '-f tlie irksomeness from-l the nine i monthls of pregnalncy-anid tlhe wlhole of tlle danger.we slhall lIave donie miiuch to solve a part, anld a not inionssderable part,. of the w6omen's question.If we &dn assurle lier that pregniancy-is -ordinarily siim-iply a period of.strain and that the strain is a bracing andl.not a weakeninig and unnerving ope, we shlall puit coum-age inito lhe'r aiid alter hier imlenital Iittitude towards childbearing; buit if we lhave -to say to lher that gestation is to be regardled as a disease withi an imnunityreaction but nlo iimmunity .fromdanger and attenuation of strengtlh and lhealtl., lhow can it comlle to ns as a sturprise that the birth-r(ate falls still lower'.? I am i1ot saying that the fall in thle birtlh-rate is due to this or to any single cauLse, btut I hiold that the trLue nature of pregnanev is a factor whi(chl mu.st be tmken inlto account ill all our tlinlkinig upoln thle subject.. PREPGNANCY AN-D HIGH POLITICS.FVinally, the birtlh-rate of a counitry enters into the sphere of high politics, anil bellinid tlhe birtlh-rate tllere are, of 'lIlT EBRITISH
Concern about Environmental Pollution: How Much Difference Do Race and Ethnicity Make? A New Jersey Case Study
Authors: Michael R. Greenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

A survey conducted among 1,513 residents of New Jersey during March–May 2004 showed that non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and English-speaking Hispanic Americans were significantly more concerned about environmental pollution problems than were Asian Americans and Spanish-language Hispanic Americans. For example, an average of > 40% of the first three groups was very concerned about New Jersey's environmental problems, compared with 15% of the last two populations. There were also racial/ethnic differences among these groups in their desire for government action to protect the environment and in their personal support of the environmental movement. Regression analyses suggest that the 1970s and 1980s model of core support for environmental protection from white, female, young, educated, and politically liberal people has largely, but not completely, continued among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and English-language Hispanic populations. But these demographic pointers do not hold for Asian and Spanish-language Hispanic Americans, except indicating more support among the more formally educated. The last two groups are the two fastest-growing subpopulations in the United States, and although acculturation may slowly increase their concern about environmental pollution, it is more prudent for proponents of environmental protection not to wait and instead to try to better understand the environmental perceptions of these groups.
FURTHER EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING CASES OF CHRONIC TOXAEMIAS AT VITTEL
Authors: H. J. Johnston-Lavis
Journal: BMJ (1912)

A 23 then found that the hypochoondriac mass originated in the gall-bladder area and directly involved the duodenum, while thlere were many peritoneal depasits which were thickly crowded in the pelvis.Cases like these show the absolute need of routine rectal examination.and are eloquent testimony to the very valuable evidence that may be so gained.I have no personal statistics as to the proportion of cases in which this sign is present, but Dudley W. Palmer4 has investigated a consecutive series, and I quote from hlis paper as follows:In t1pe 435 case histories were 307 cases of cxciiioma of the stomach, the remaiinder being of the intestine,Xahcreas liver and gall bladder.In this number 28 (or 6.l per cent.)showed secondary deposits on the rectal shelf or in the cuil-de-sac of Douglas.No secondary deposits were to be palpated .through the abdomen, and, with two exceptions, abdominal fluid was clinically questionable or absent.The discovery of such pelvic deposits may niot only establish the diagnosis of malignant disease, but.may at the same time be the earliest clinical sign of inoperability, so far as radical measures are concerned.
Is Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR an Adjunct to Immunohistochemistry for the Evaluation of ErbB2 Status in Transitional Carcinoma of the Bladder?
Authors: Delphine Amsellem-Ouazana, Ivan Bièche, Vincent Molinié, Caroline Elie, Annick Vieillefond, Sengül Tozlu, Henry Botto, Bernard Debré, Rosette Lidereau
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Health reform quackery
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

I was picked up for two things in last week’s Editor’s Choice (doi:10.1136/bmj.d1551). First, I said that abdominal CT scans and barium enemas incur eight times the radiation dose of a chest radiograph. I should have said 400 times. The best that can be said of this is that it was in the right direction. 

My predecessors always said that the quickest way to see if people are reading the journal is to get Mozart’s birthday wrong. My error did the trick just as well. Thank you to all who wrote in. A correction has been made.

The second pick up was about our article lauding Turkey’s healthcare …
Third world brain drain: Performance of health professionals and systems needs to be assessed
Authors: A. A Hyder
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—As a developing country professional working in the developed world, I believe that Levydid not consider the reality of life in the 21st century.1 Brain “drain” defines a one way process of a potential public good moving from one location to another and measures the “stock” of manpower—a static indicator.

The fact …
Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Jean-Marie Vanderwinden, Pierre Mailleux, Serge N. Schiffmann, Jean-Jacques Vanderhaeghen, Marc-Henri De Laet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common infantile disorder characterized by enlarged pyloric musculature and gastric-outlet obstruction. Its physio-pathologic mechanism is not known, but a defect in pyloric relaxation (pylorospasm) has been postulated. Nitric oxide is a mediator of relaxation in the mammalian digestive tract, raising the possibility that pylorospasm could be caused by a defect in nitric oxide production. Since neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NADPH diaphorase are identical, we used the NADPH diaphorase histochemical reaction to study the distribution of nitric oxide synthase in pyloric tissue from patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Abstract A4: Withaferin A induces apoptosis in imatinib-resistant CML cells by repressing the Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Ching-Yi Chen, Wen-Chun Hung
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although imatinib therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia is effective, the resistance to imatinib challenges the treatment of this disease. Therefore, search of novel drugs to overcome imatinib resistance is a critical issue in clinic. Withaferin A (WA), an extract of Withania somniferia, exhibits anticancer activity on a number of solid tumors. In this study, we investigate the effect of WA on imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells. WA at low concentrations induces autophagy in imatinib- sensitive K562 cells. Co-treatment of chloroquine suppresses autophagy and switches WA-treated K562 cells to apoptosis. This data indicates that autophagy protects K562 cells from apoptosis induced by WA. However, we find that WA triggers caspase activation and apoptosis in imatinib-resistant T315I-positive cells and this effect is associated with downregulation of Akt activity. Treatment of the AKT inhibitor LY294002 also causes apoptosis in imatinib-resistant T315I- positive cells. Ectopic expression of constitutively active Akt reverses WA-induced apoptosis and caspase activation in imatinib-resistant T315I-positive cells. Molecular study demonstrates that WA represses the Akt signaling pathway by decreasing Akt expression. We find that WA causes Akt degradation through the ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent pathway. More importantly, WA also induces AKT downregulation and apoptosis in primary CML cells. Taken together, our results suggest that imatinib-resistant T315I-positive cells are more addicted to Akt-dependent survival pathway and are more sensitive to WA. Therefore, WA can be useful for the treatment of imatinib-resistant CML. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A4.
Response to ‘Rituximab in membranous nephropathy’
Authors: Fernando C. Fervenza, Fernando G. Cosio, Stephen B. Erickson, Ulrich Specks, Andrew M. Herzenberg, John J. Dillon, Nelson Leung, Irvin M. Cohen, Daniel N. Wochos, Eric Bergstralh, Michelle Hladunewich, Daniel C. Cattran
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
The Breast: Morphology, Physiology, and Lactation
Authors: W. S. Michael Arrata
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Scientific interest in functions of the breast is manifested by the increasing number of publications in both the clinical and investigative literature during the past decade. Nevertheless, there is probably no organ about which there is greater misinformation than the breast. The author has successfully summarized the basic information about structure and function of the breast (with emphasis on lactation and interrelated endocrine functions) and about disorders of the breast such as the syndromes of inappropriate lactation. In the first of nine chapters, the author discusses development of the breast from the fetal to the adolescent phase, although he does not provide detailed information about the mechanisms that govern the development of a prepubertal breast along female or male patterns. The second chapter deals mostly with the adult breast, anatomically and functionally, and describes the changes during pregnancy, and the factors controlling the synthesis and release of milk. The discussion
Day care for patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: J K W Morrice
Journal: BMJ (1984)

treatment is antidepressants, and if this is not done there may be prolonged if not disastrous consequences.Over six years we have been concerned in the design and development of brief self assessment questionnaires which the mother completes at intervals following the birth and which alert those concerned to the presence of a depressive disorder.Since irritability is an important component of mood disorder after childbirth, the first of these rating scales included an assessment of that aspect: it is called the irritability-depression-anxiety (IDA) scale,2 and 50 copies of this instrument, together with charts for recording progress, are available for £4 payable to Leeds University (to cover printing and postage) and sent to me.The second scale is the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale,3 which is avail- able free of charge on application to: Mr D D'E Panrucker, Professional Communications Manager, Upjohn Limited, Fleming Way, Crawley, West Sussex.Both these scales are easily completed, perhaps in the waiting room of the postnatal clinic or at a visit to the health visitor, and I am able to send more information, including validation studies, to anyone interested in their use.If I do not see postnatal depression in precisely the same light as Dr Jewell, I do agree that the most important stage is recog- nition of the disorder.
Expert patients will help manage chronic disease
Authors: A. Moscrop
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Chronically ill patients will, under the latest NHS proposals, be encouraged and helped in managing their disease.

The suggestion comes in a new report from the chief medical officer, Professor Liam Donaldson. It recognises that chronically ill patients have knowledge and experience of their disease that could be used in planning care and making decisions.

A scheme will be piloted from 2001 to 2004 and then instituted throughout the NHS between 2004 and 2007. It will be backed by a £2m investment …
The third way
Authors: J. W. Coebergh
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The media events surrounding celebrity patients described by Patel suggest a modern way to make money out of the concept of celebrity for everyone.1Let every healthcare institution of a certain size open a radioTVblogtwitter studio, annexe, or media department with local, regional, national, or even international exposure and instant news breaking opportunities.These might include daily talk shows with experts (professionals or patients) providing details and comments, discussing medical policies, and, of course, exploring the emotional impact on patients and their families and friends (or enemies).They could be instant pictures of blood, sweat, tears, joy, and misery, and perhaps advice on the best undertaker service.There will be enough advertising opportunities from shops selling flowers, baby food, nappies, etc, as well as trauma psychologists, undertakers, and the like, to make this sufficiently profitable to pay for all the extra resources needed to provide top quality services-for everybody.Media services could work for the NHS at large-the true third way of attaining communist ideals with capitalist methods.
Hospital admissions before and after shipyard closure.
Authors: P. Sainsbury
Journal: BMJ (1989)

emergency caesarean section because of factors such as prolonged rupture of membranes and repeated vaginal examinations are more at risk of infections.2Fifteen patients (50%) in the group receiving prophylactic antibiotics and 23 (56%) of those not receiving prophylaxis had caesarean sections as emergency procedures.Although infection was more common in the patients having emergency operations compared with those having elective surgery, the difference was not significant
810-1 Enhanced Inflammatory Acute Phase Response After Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty in Patients with Unstable Angina
Authors: Giovanna Liuzzo, Antonino Buffon, Luigi M. Biasucci, Francesco De Felice, Giuseppina Caligiuri, Rita L. Grillo, Gaetano Quaranta, Claudia Monaco, Filippo Crea, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Quadratic Discriminant Analysis as an Aid to Interpretive Reporting of Clinical Laboratory Tests
Authors: Ralph S. Ryback
Journal: JAMA (1982)

PHYSICIANS order more laboratory tests today than ever before. Because of the increasing likelihood of clinically spurious values with the increasing number of tests, the difficulty of detecting many medical conditions in early stages, and the difficulty in differentiating among certain medical conditions, interpretive reporting of laboratory results can be of diagnostic value. See also p 2261. A number of sophisticated mathematical approaches have been applied to the analysis of clinical laboratory data.<sup>1-3</sup>One of the more commonly used approaches is discriminant analysis (DA),<sup>4,5</sup>which is a complex mathematical form of pattern recognition, wherein it is determined whether two or more defined medical conditions can be differentiated on the basis of variables other than those used to define the medical conditions. Quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) is a nonlinear form of DA that does not assume that the variability present in the discriminating variables (eg, clinical laboratory tests) is
Proteomic Analysis Implicates Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein as a Novel Mediator of Occlusive Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Jessie R. Lavoie, Mark L. Ormiston, Carol Perez-Iratxeta, David W. Courtman, Baohua Jiang, Elisabet Ferrer, Paola Caruso, Mark Southwood, William S. Foster, Nicholas W. Morrell, Duncan J. Stewart
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by excessive proliferation of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Hereditary PAH (HPAH) is often caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 gene (BMPR2). However, the mechanisms by which these mutations cause PAH remain unclear. Therefore, we screened for dysregulated proteins in blood-outgrowth ECs of HPAH patients with BMPR2 mutations compared with healthy control subjects.A total of 416 proteins were detected with 2-dimensional PAGE in combination with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis, of which 22 exhibited significantly altered abundance in blood-outgrowth ECs from patients with HPAH. One of these proteins, translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), was selected for further study because of its well-established role in promoting tumor cell growth and survival. Immunostaining showed marked upregulation of TCTP in lungs from patients with HPAH and idiopathic PAH, associated with remodeled vessels of complex lesions. Increased TCTP expression was also evident in the SU5416 rat model of severe and irreversible PAH, associated with intimal lesions, colocalizing with proliferating ECs and the adventitia of remodeled vessels but not in the vascular media. Furthermore, silencing of TCTP expression increased apoptosis and abrogated the hyperproliferative phenotype of blood-outgrowth ECs from patients with HPAH, raising the possibility that TCTP may be a link in the emergence of apoptosis-resistant, hyperproliferative vascular cells after EC apoptosis.Proteomic screening identified TCTP as a novel mediator of endothelial prosurvival and growth signaling in PAH, possibly contributing to occlusive pulmonary vascular remodeling triggered by EC apoptosis.
Disinfection for HTLV-III: Halogenated Soaps-Reply
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> My impression concerning the use of halogenated soaps for disinfection of HTLV-III was based on published commentary on their effectiveness.<sup>1</sup>Although I believe that they are effective, I do not find convincing evidence in the peer-reviewed literature that such products have been shown to disinfect HTLV-III, and I agree with Drs Schuster, Cohn, and McMeeking that studying their effectiveness is strongly indicated.
Abstract LB-136: Creation of androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines using targeting nucleases.
Authors: Michael D. Nyquist, Yingming Li, Scott M. Dehm
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Understanding mechanisms by which advanced prostate cancer (PCa) progresses to a castration resistant PCa (CRPC) phenotype is crucial for tailoring targeted therapies for individual patients. Constitutively active androgen receptor (AR) splice variants that lack the ligand binding domain drive androgen independent growth in cell lines and xenograft models of PCa and their overexpression in CRPC metastases is associated with poor prognosis. However, the mechanism of AR splice variant overexpression in CRPC is not completely understood. We have shown that diverse genomic rearrangements within the AR gene are linked to AR splicing alterations in PCa cell lines, xenografts, and CRPC metastases. To test whether these AR gene rearrangements drive AR splice variant synthesis and a CRPC phenotype, we developed transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) for precision genome engineering in androgen-sensitive PCa cells. Engineering of specific AR gene rearrangements induced splicing alterations and efficient expression of AR splice variants. Functionally, these genome-engineered cells displayed constitutive, ligand-independent AR transcriptional activity and an androgen-independent growth profile. These fundamental properties of CRPC were blocked following siRNA-mediated knock-down of truncated AR variants. Overall, these data demonstrate that AR gene rearrangements induce fundamental aspects of the CRPC phenotype including constitutive, ligand-independent, AR splice variant activity. Overall, these data advance the concept of AR splice variants as key drivers of advanced disease, and provide new genome-engineered models that could be used to develop agents targeted to these AR-derived species. Citation Format: Michael D. Nyquist, Yingming Li, Scott M. Dehm. Creation of androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines using targeting nucleases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-136. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-136
UK trainee doctors spurn obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Saw palmetto extract is not effective for BPH 20, 100Saw palmetto, a herbal extract taken by more than two million US men for relief from the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), showed no benefit over placebo, a study has found.The year long, double blind, randomised trial was reported this week in the New England Journal of Medicine (2006;354:557-66).The herbal extract, taken from the berries of a small, palm-like north American plant, is commonly recommended as an alternative to prescription drugs.An accompanying editorial says additional rigorous, placebo controlled studies are needed before conclusions can be made about the long term effectiveness and safety of other saw palmetto preparations and that herbal remedies should be subjected to clinical trials of the same quality needed for approval of standard drugs.Until this is done, it says, doctors are responsible for protecting patients from the risks of unproved therapies.