tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Inhaled anticholinergics increase risk for major cardiovascular events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Matthew B. Stanbrook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD. Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:1439-50. 18812535
Hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms
Authors: K. HERSLE, H. MOBACKEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Thirty two adult patients who presented with a sharply marginated, hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms (HDP), but with no skin lesions elsewhere, have been re-examined approximately 10 years later. Topical treatments had had limited effect. The morphological appearance and localization had remained unchanged, except in two individuals who were free from symptoms. One had developed psoriasis. The incidence of atopic disease and psoriasis in first degree relatives did not differ from that in control subjects, Mycological cultures and patch tests were negative. Serum IgE was normal. Skin biopsies in nine patients all revealed a chronic spongiotic dermatitis.
Efficacy of left cardiac sympathectomy in the treatment of patients with the long QT syndrome.
Authors: A K Bhandari, M M Scheinman, F Morady, J Svinarich, J Mason, R Winkle
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Ten patients with the long QT syndrome and recurrent syncope and/or cardiac arrest caused by ventricular arrhythmias underwent left stellate (one patient) or left cervicothoracic sympathectomy (nine patients) after failing to respond to high-dose beta-blocker therapy. The syndrome was familial in four and idiopathic in six. All patients had a prolonged resting QT interval (548 +/- 51 msec, mean +/- SD) and corrected QT interval (QTc) (556 +/- 43 msec). After sympathectomy the mean QTc shortened significantly from 556 +/- 43 to 508 +/- 65 msec (p less than .05) but the QTc remained abnormal in all but one patient. Over a mean follow-up period of 38.6 +/- 19 months, eight patients developed recurrent symptoms that included cardiac arrest in three (one fatal, two nonfatal), syncope in four, and presyncope in six. The addition of beta-blockers was ineffective in suppressing the recurrent symptoms. The control of symptoms required more extensive sympathectomy (three patients), chronic atrial pacing (three patients), and implantation of an automatic internal defibrillator (one patient). Only one patient has remained asymptomatic without drug or pacemaker therapy. In conclusion, left cervicothoracic sympathectomy proved inadequate for long-term control of symptoms in most patients with the long QT syndrome. These patients usually required concomitant drugs, more extensive surgery, or long-term cardiac pacing for symptomatic relief.
Q Fever in the R.A.F. in Great Britain in 1958
Authors: W. W. Holland, K. E. K. Rowson, C. E. D. Taylor, A. B. Allen, M. Ffrench-Constant, C. M. C. Smelt
Journal: BMJ (1960)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNA4Lcompleted trials comprising 65,429 individuals, or 12% of the total fed, estimated homotypic negatives amounted to 13,959 or 21.3% for type I, 7,208 or 11% for type II, and 14,072 or 22% for type III.In addition!there were, among the 65,429 persons surveyed serologically, an estimated 2,750 triple negatives.In not a single instance was a proved case of paralysis or disease attributed to the vaccine.The intraspinal test has been discussed with regard to its reproducibility and its significance in relation to safety of the vaccine virus for man.The more consistent and more readily carried out intracerebral monkey inoculation has been proposed as the basis for criteria of residual monkey virulence to be used for release of oral vaccine.Efforts to improve Lederle vaccine strains in every possible way are continuing.Meanwhile the utility of the present strains, in view of the obvious need for a better solution to the problem of immunization against paralytic poliomyelitis, has been demonstrated by the mountilng evidence of their effectiveness and safety and the ab:ience of significant undesirable reactions.We are grateful to Robert Wood for photo-micrographs and to Esther Chasan for help in preparation of the manuscript.
Independent effects of aldosterone and potassium on induction of potassium adaptation in rat kidney.
Authors: B Stanton, L Pan, H Deetjen, V Guckian, G Giebisch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We examined the independent effects of a high potassium diet and increased aldosterone levels on the development of renal potassium adaptation. This condition is defined by the increased ability of the kidneys to excrete an acute infusion of potassium. Rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) and received aldosterone at basal levels (0.5 microgram/100 g X d) or at high levels (2.0 micrograms/100 g X d) for 10 d. In each experimental group, animals received either a control diet or a high potassium diet. In ADX animals with basal aldosterone levels, a high potassium intake increased but did not completely restore the ability to excrete potassium and induced proliferation of the basolateral membrane of principal cells in the collecting tubule (i.e., morphologic adaptation). In contrast, increased aldosterone did not induce functional adaptation. Elevated aldosterone and dietary potassium intake were required to produce functional potassium adaptation indistinguishable from that in potassium-loaded, adrenal-intact animals.
FDG PET/CT in Detection of Adrenal Metastasis in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Shamim Ahmed Shamim, Varun Shandal, Punit Sharma, Ankur Gadodia, Arun Malhotra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Adrenal metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is uncommon. The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the detection of adrenal metastasis in patients with RCC.A total of 9 FDG PET/CT scans were performed in 4 patients (3 males, 1 female; median age: 53.5 years, range: 52-73 years). Of 9 PET/CT scans, 2 scans were done for initial staging, 2 for restaging, and 5 for evaluation of treatment response. PET/CT image interpretation and analysis was performed qualitatively (visually) and semiquantitatively. Absence of uptake in postchemotherapy PET/CT scan was considered as complete response and a fall in SUV by more than 50% of baseline value, as significant response.Patients 1 and 2 underwent staging FDG PET/CT. Patient 1 had undergone left radical nephrectomy 13 years back for left-sided RCC. Current FDG PET/CT revealed appearance of right RCC with adrenal metastasis. PET/CT of patient 2 demonstrated right adrenal and distant metastases. PET/CT done for restaging in patient 3, revealed right adrenal and abdominal lymph nodal metastasis. In patient 4, PET/CT revealed solitary adrenal metastasis. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with adrenal metastasis in this patient. Patient 1 received sunitinib and interferon chemotherapy along with radiotherapy and showed partial response on PET/CT scans done at 6, 17, 23, and 33 months from the initial study. PET/CT of patient 3 demonstrated the progression of disease (nonresponder).FDG PET/CT appears to be useful for staging, treatment response evaluation, and recurrence detection in patients with RCC having adrenal metastasis.
OBSTACLES TO MEDICAL EDUCATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
Authors: John M. Weir
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Medical education outside North America is a subject of interest because thousands of foreign graduates are now coming to the United States and Canada for graduate training in the clinical sciences as interns and residents. It is the responsibility of North American institutions to provide as high a level of training as possible. Quite aside from the moral obligation to provide any student with the best experience in medicine for his future work abroad, North Americans have a completely selfish obligation to do so in order to assure adequate care of patients in their own hospitals. Planning of such training depends on an understanding of the obstacles, better termed differences, in the training of these students at the medical school level. <h3>Foreign Education System</h3> In view of the importance of understanding the basic curriculum followed in parts of the world outside North America in order to adjust our graduate programs
Postradiation Pericarditis with Chronic Pericardial Effusion
Authors: DAVID S. MASLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The heart and pericardium are generally thought to be resistant to the effects of ionizing radiation. Three patients who developed chronic pericarditis with pericardial effusion after multiple courses of radiation therapy to the mediastinum are presented, and the difficulties involved in establishing the diagnosis and cause of the pericardial effusions are discussed.
Actinic reticuloid: immunohistochemical analysis of the cutaneous infiltrate in 13 patients
Authors: J. TOONSTRA, S.C.J. PUTTE, D.F. WICHEN, H. WEELDEN, C.J.M. HENQUET, W.A. VLOTEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

An immunohistological study on cryostat sections of skin biopsies in 13 patients with actinic reticuloid has been performed using a panel of 21 monoclonal antibodies against lymphoid and non-lymphoid infiltrate cells. The infiltrate consisted of activated T cells, numerous histiocytes and macrophages, and small numbers of B cells. In 10 out of 13 patients the majority of the lymphocytes expressed the phenotype of suppressor cells. The number of Leu 8+ cells was inversely proportional to HLA-DR expression by the dermal infiltrate, which suggested a negative correlation between a state of activation and the concentration of Leu 8+ cells. There was a striking number of IgE bearing dendritic cells in the dermis associated with elevated serum IgE levels.
An eye for discovery
Authors: Andreas Stahl, Lois E.H. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Vision research has often led to significant advances in our understanding of biology. There has also been particular success in translating basic research in the eye into breakthrough clinical therapies that mark important milestones for ophthalmology and also for medical research. Anti-VEGF therapy for age-related macular degeneration was named as one of the top ten science advancements of the year 2006. Only two years later, successful transfer of the RPE65 gene into retinal pigment epithelium of patients with Leber congenital amaurosis was noted as one of the most important clinical applications of gene therapy. The articles in this Review series outline current developments in vision research and highlight its continued importance in ophthalmology and medicine.
First trial of the HIV-1 vaccine in Africa: Ugandan experience
Authors: R. D Mugerwa
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Problems in setting up the first trial of an HIV-1 vaccine in Uganda are described here by Mugerwa and colleagues. The authors explain how they solved these problems and give suggestions to help researchers who are starting future trials of HIV vaccines

Trials of the HIV-1 vaccine have been conducted in Europe, North America, Brazil, China, and Thailand.1 The first trial of a candidate vaccine in Africa was recently completed in Uganda. It involved a randomised, placebo controlled trial of a vaccine in healthy volunteers at low risk of HIV infection. 2 3 The vaccine, called “ALVAC-HIV,” uses a live recombinant canarypox vector to express envelope and core genes of HIV-1.

Many commentators predicted that it would be difficult to conduct trials of HIV vaccines in developing countries because of scientific, sociobehavioural, ethical, and logistical barriers.4–8 Before we started the trial in Uganda, we gathered data to help us overcome these potential barriers. We collected epidemiological9 and sociobehavioural10 data about people who had participated in studies that looked at preparing for trials of the HIV vaccine. These data showed the prevalence and incidence of HIV, behaviours placing people at risk of becoming infected with HIV, and the social acceptability of a vaccine against HIV.9–11 The people received detailed education and counselling about infection with HIV and about HIV vaccines, and we recruited some for our trial.11 We organised three open workshops at the HIV candidate vaccine trial workshop in Kampala in 1996 to gain consensus from scientists, policy makers, community representatives, and the media about how to undertake research into HIV vaccines.

Despite these initiatives to solve problems before the trial began, we still encountered many barriers. In this article, we discuss these barriers …
The Dangerous Triangle (Still Dangerous)
Authors: Theodore J. Eckberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  It's just a pimple, doctor, and my nose has a tender spot, are common complaints. With our vast armamentarium of antibiotics, we are inclined to become blase about these complaints and forget the formidable reports regarding the dangerous triangle. The following case demonstrates that, even with modern drugs, infections in this area should be regarded as serious, even emergent.  Report of a Case:—  A 31-year-old woman was first seen by a physician Jan 13, 1966, with the report that she had plucked some nasal hairs two days before. This was followed by edema and soreness around the dorsum of the nose. The patient received penicillin intramuscularly and was instructed to place hot packs on the nose. Twentyfour hours later, the penicillin therapy was repeated, followed by an antiinflammatory dose of radiation to the nose.  On Jan 16, marked edema and discoloration of both eyelids and periorbital areas
Transient elevation of messenger RNA encoding gastrin-releasing peptide, a putative pulmonary growth factor in human fetal lung.
Authors: E R Spindel, M E Sunday, H Hofler, H J Wolfe, J F Habener, W W Chin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), the mammalian homologue of the amphibian peptide bombesin, is present in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and appears to be a growth factor for both normal and neoplastic pulmonary cells. Previously we have reported the cloning of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and gene that encode human GRP. We now report that GRP mRNAs are markedly elevated in human fetal lung during the canalicular phase of pulmonary development (from approximately 16 to 30 wk gestation). By RNA blot and in situ hybridization analyses, GRP mRNAs were first detectable in fetal lung at 9-10 wk, plateaued at levels 25-fold higher than in adult lungs from 16 to approximately 30 wk and then declined to near adult levels by 34 wk gestation. By contrast, GRP peptide levels remain elevated until several months after birth. Consistent with this, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies showed that GRP mRNA and peptide consistently colocalized in early gestation lung but that in neonatal lung, many cells that contained GRP peptide no longer contained GRP mRNA. The transient expression of high levels of GRP mRNAs during an approximately 12-wk phase of fetal lung development suggests that the secretion of GRP or its COOH-terminal peptides from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells may play a role in normal lung development.
Human MxA protein participates to the interferon-related inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication in female transgenic mice
Authors: Cécile Peltekian, Emmanuel Gordien, Florianne Garreau, Vannary Meas-Yedid, Patrick Soussan, Virginie Willams, Marie-Laure Chaix, Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin, Christian Bréchot, Dina Kremsdorf
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
(19) Ulcerative lichen planus of the mouth and feet
Authors: A.M.M. Oakley, J.I. Harper, P.W.M. Copeman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (19) Ulcerative lichen planus of the mouth and feet Get access A.M.M. Oakley, A.M.M. Oakley Westminster Hospital, London SW1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.I. Harper, J.I. Harper Westminster Hospital, London SW1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.W.M. Copeman P.W.M. Copeman Westminster Hospital, London SW1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Page 63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13034.x Published: 01 July 1985
RESERPINE AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: MANFRED BRAUN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

The rapid and dramatic response of schizophrenic patients to treatment with the phenothiazines has resulted in a tendency to discard reserpine as a chemotherapeutic agent in this illness. Our experience suggests that there is a place in the therapeutic armamentarium against schizophrenia for reserpine, particularly in those cases displaying catatonic excitement or stupor with agitation and in those with manic features, especially when these patients fail to respond to the phenothiazines, ECT or insulin coma therapy.
Trends in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus From the 1970s to the 1990s
Authors: Caroline S. Fox, Michael J. Pencina, James B. Meigs, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Yamini S. Levitzky, Ralph B. D’Agostino
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in the United States; less is known about trends in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Participants free of diabetes mellitus (n=3104; mean age 47 years; 1587 women) from the Framingham Offspring Study who attended a routine examination in the 1970s, 1980s, or 1990s were followed up for the 8-year incidence of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose > or = 7.0 mmol/L or treatment with either insulin or a hypoglycemic agent. Pooled logistic regression was used to compare diabetes incidence across decades for participants between 40 and 55 years of age in each decade. The age-adjusted 8-year incidence rate of diabetes was 2.0%, 3.0%, and 3.7% among women and 2.7%, 3.6%, and 5.8% among men in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, respectively. Compared with the 1970s, the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for diabetes was 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 2.22) in the 1980s and 2.05 (95% CI, 1.33 to 3.14) in the 1990s (P for trend=0.0006). Among women, the OR was 1.50 (95% CI, 0.75 to 2.98) in the 1980s and 1.84 (95% CI, 0.95 to 3.55) in the 1990s (P for trend=0.07) compared with the 1970s, whereas among men, the OR was 1.33 (95% CI, 0.72 to 2.47) in the 1980s and 2.21 (95% CI, 1.25 to 3.90) in the 1990s (P for trend=0.003). Most of the increase in absolute incidence of diabetes occurred in individuals with body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2 (P for trend=0.03).In the present community-based sample of middle-aged adults, we observed a doubling in the incidence of type 2 diabetes over the last 30 years. Careful surveillance of changes in diabetes incidence may be necessary if current trends of excess adiposity continue.
Research Focuses on Immunosuppressive Effect, Unknown Teratogenic Mechanism of Thalidomide
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

RESEARCHERS at The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md, have used immunoflourescence experiments to elucidate thalidomide's effect on the immune system. These studies reveal that thalidomide binds less avidly to the helper T lymphocytes than it binds to the suppressor and cytotoxic T lymphocytes— a pattern seen in other immunosuppressive drugs, most notably cyclosporine (<i>Transplant Proc</i>. 1989;21:850-852). Paradoxically, it is this binding pattern that effectively suppresses the activity of the helper T lymphocytes while allowing for the development of the cytotoxic and suppressor T lymphocytes—cells that play a critical role in keeping graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in check and allow for transplant tolerance. <h3>Teratogenic Mechanism Puzzling</h3> In terms of adverse effects, however, thalidomide's workings as a teratogen still elude researchers. Two dozen mechanisms, encompassing the biochemical, cellular, and tissue levels, have been proposed (<i>Teratology</i>. 1988; 38:229-239). It is known, however, that the window for embryopathy is small— between days 45 and
Is a field theory of perseverative reaching compatible with a Piagetian view?
Authors: Lorraine McCune
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

This commentary is a brief reflection on the relationship between the embodied cognition analysis and a Piagetian theoretical position. In particular, the place of A-not-B in the larger Piagetian framework and the importance of the concept of mental representation, in contrast with perceptual understanding, are noted.
Musicians and Their Conditions: Pros and Cons
Authors: James L. Males
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Aug 24/31, 1984, issue ofThe Journalwas most interesting. I first read the interview with Dr Victor A. McKusick.<sup>1</sup>My attention was called to the interview because of my interest in Dr McKusick's work that arose in 1966, when as a medical student I received a copy of his book,<i>Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue</i>, as a prize. In the same issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Terra Ziporyn's<sup>2</sup>MEDICAL NEWS report, "Pianist's Cramp to Stage Fright: The Medical Side of Music-Making," includes a photograph on page 998 of a trumpeter who would develop pharyngocele related to his trumpet playing. The photograph of the young man's neck also includes a view of his hand. The positioning of his fingers strongly suggests lax-jointedness, reminiscent of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.<sup>3</sup>It might be worthwhile to ask Dr McKusick to comment on the photograph. There was no mention of the
Defective regulation of the epithelial Na+ channel by Nedd4 in Liddle's syndrome
Authors: Hugues Abriel, Johannes Loffing, John F. Rebhun, J. Howard Pratt, Laurent Schild, Jean-Daniel Horisberger, Daniela Rotin, Olivier Staub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Liddle's syndrome is an inherited form of hypertension linked to mutations in the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). ENaC is composed of three subunits (α, β, γ), each containing a COOH-terminal PY motif (xPPxY). Mutations causing Liddle's syndrome alter or delete the PY motifs of β- or γ-ENaC. We recently demonstrated that the ubiquitin–protein ligase Nedd4 binds these PY motifs and that ENaC is regulated by ubiquitination. Here, we investigate, using the Xenopus oocyte system, whether Nedd4 affects ENaC function. Overexpression of wild-type Nedd4, together with ENaC, inhibited channel activity, whereas a catalytically inactive Nedd4 stimulated it, likely by acting as a competitive antagonist to endogenous Nedd4. These effects were dependant on the PY motifs, because no Nedd4-mediated changes in channel activity were observed in ENaC lacking them. The effect of Nedd4 on ENaC missing only one PY motif (of β-ENaC), as originally described in patients with Liddle's syndrome, was intermediate. Changes were due entirely to alterations in ENaC numbers at the plasma membrane, as determined by surface binding and immunofluorescence. Our results demonstrate that Nedd4 is a negative regulator of ENaC and suggest that the loss of Nedd4 binding sites in ENaC observed in Liddle's syndrome may explain the increase in channel number at the cell surface, increased Na+ reabsorption by the distal nephron, and hence the hypertension.