tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Defective Activation of Clotting, Fibrinolytic, and Permeability-Enhancing Systems in Human Fletcher Trait Plasma
Authors: HIDEHIKO SALTO, OSCAR D. RATNOFF, VIRGINIA H. DONALDSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

When normal plasma is exposed to foreign surfaces, Hageman factor (HF, factor XII) is activated; under appropriate circumstances, it then initiates reactions leading to coagulation, fibrinolysis, increased vascular permeability, esterolytic activity, and kinin formation. However, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and increased vascular permeability were impaired in plasma from an individual with Fletcher trait, despite a normal concentration of HF that is functionally and immunologically indistinguishable from that in normal plasma. This defective clotting is completely repaired by the addition of small amounts of normal plasma, HF-deficient plasma, plasma thrombo-plastin antecedent (PTA)-deficient plasma, or activated PTA but only partially repaired by the addition of activated HF. Defective fibrinolysis and permeability-enhancing activity were partially corrected by the addition of small amounts of normal plasma, HF-deficient plasma, PTA-deficient plasma, or activated HF. A preparation of partially purified plasma kallikrein largely repaired defective coagulation and fibrinolysis in Fletcher trait plasma in the presence of kaolin. In immunodif fusion studies, no precipitin line formed between Fletcher trait plasma and monospecific antikallikrein serum. Fletcher trait plasma appeared to be deficient in a plasma prekallikrein, which most probably participates in the functioning of activated HF. These studies emphasize the intimate relationships among clotting, fibrinolysis, and enhancement of vascular permeability.
Corrigendum to “Blockade of NF-κB ameliorates myocardial hypertrophy in response to chronic infusion of angiotensin II” [Cardiovasc Res 67 (2005) 689–698]
Authors: S KAWANO, T KUBOTA, Y MONDEN, N KAWAMURA, H TSUTSUI, A TAKESHITA, K SUNAGAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

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Casebook on the Termination of Life-Sustaining Treatment and the Care of the Dying
Authors: John A. Mihalevich
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In this information age where a variety of methods are employed in teaching and education, it remains a truism that the best way to discuss aspects of clinical medicine remains in presentation of clinical case material. The Hastings Center, an institute devoted to the consideration of ethical issues, has published this<i>Casebook on the Termination of Life-Sustaining Treatment and the Care of the Dying</i>as a companion to the previously published<i>Guidelines</i>by the same name. Drawing from actual case material, the casebook discusses ethical dilemmas involving decision making in the use of life-sustaining treatment such as ventilators, antibiotics, blood transfusions, and tube feedings. The casebook also discusses declaration of death, decisions on "Do not resuscitate," patient-formulated advance directives, palliative care, economic issues in providing care, and involvement of ethics committees and institutional policies of admissions and transfers. The cases are presented in a concise and interesting manner with commentary
Icln, a chloride channel cloned from kidney cells, is activated during regulatory volume decrease
Authors: Andreas Laich, Martin Gschwentner, Wolfgang Krick, Ulrich O. Nagl, Johannes Fürst, Sabine Hofer, Alex Susanna, Andreas Schmarda, Peter Deetjen, Gerhard Burckhardt, Markus Paulmichl
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
The Educationally Handicapped Child
Authors: Elaine Bierbauer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> It has been estimated that approximately 5 million of America's school children suffer from some degree of learning disability due to minimal brain dysfunction. The physician must be able to advise and counsel parents in the home management and education of these children. It is not enough to diagnose and treat the disorder. Once the diagnosis has been made and medical treatment instituted, the role of the physician becomes secondary to that of the home and the school. However, it is the responsibility of the physician to set the guidelines for parents and teachers. Therefore, it is essential that physicians know what resources, both public and private, are available in their communities to assist the parents of these children. Parents should not have to turn to other parents for information on programs of special education, facilities for speech and hearing therapy, remedial reading clinics, and centers
739-2 Intraaortic Balloon Pumping Augments Distal Coronary Blood Flow Provided Through Perfusion Balloon Catheters During High Risk PTCA
Authors: Richard G. Bach, Thomas J. Donohue, Eugene A. Caracciolo, Frank V. Aguirre, Thomas Wolford, Morton J. Kern
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Resourceful Women Unmask Cactus Spines
Authors: Marian H. Putnam
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read Dr Gelbard's letter inThe Journalon "Removal of Small Cactus Spines From the Skin." In 1981, I reported a method of using facial gel to peel away the spines.<sup>2</sup>Facial gel, which dries to form a mask or sheet, is made to be applied to the skin and does not leave a sticky residue.
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disease with Radioselenomethionine Photoscanning.
Authors: August Maile
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disease with Radioselenomethionine Photoscanning.August Maile Jr., M.D., Glen A. Landis, M.D.August Maile Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Glen A. Landis, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1070_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptContinued interest in the clinical role of pancreatic photoscanning with 75-Selenium-labeled methionine prompted a review of our experience in 160 cases. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the accuracy and limitations of pancreatic photoscanning and to define its value in medical diagnosis. The Anger scintillation camera was used in all studies because of speed, reproducibility, and convenience. Other details of the technique are described, and criteria for interpretation are reviewed. The predominant clinical finding was unexplained abdominal pain. Sixty-five percent of the scans were interpreted as normal, and six percent were technically unsatisfactory. The abnormal or positive studies... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: August MaileJr., M.D.; Glen A. Landis, M.D.Affiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1070-1070KeywordsAbdominal painMethioninePancreatic diseasesReproducibility ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Safe Vaccination Usually Possible in Persons With Suspected Vaccine Allergies
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

selective basis, physicians have the discretion to say, ‘For this patient, I don’t know what to do, and adding another test might help me’—and that is always the case in medicine.” The task force recommendations also run slightly counter to recommendations emanating from organizations such as the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC). Expert panels are working with these two groups to prepare updated guidelines, expected to be released next year, that address risk assessment as well as cholesterol and blood pressure findings. “One area of departure . . . is that the AHA/ACC may, in fact, offer a recommendation with the level of evidence cited, whereas the [task force], in general, is less inclined to recommend anything if there is not a strong evidence base,” said Sidney C. Smith Jr, MD, professor of medicine at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in Chapel Hill, who is working with the expert panels. Michael S. Lauer, MD, director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Divisions of Prevention and Population Sciences and of Cardiovascular Diseases, said the task force has a welldeserved reputation for taking a rigorous look at the evidence. “Personally, I agree with that,” said Lauer. “One of the major problems we have with diagnostic testing is that with few exceptions, there is very little evidence that use [of such tests] results in improved health.” Calonge said he gets frustrated with advocates of nontraditional markers for assessing coronary heart disease risk because the tried-and-true treatments that will reduce risk continue to be underused. “There are thousands of life-years being left on the table daily because we are not following the recommendations that we already know work,” Calonge said. “If we put the resources into doing blood pressure screening and lipid screening and then follow it up with the appropriate therapies, we would save so many more lives than we would by incorporating CRP, ABI, or CAC.”
Fragmentation of basic and nursing care may be to blame for unsafe wards
Authors: J. Shakespeare
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The brain’s connectome has a great impact on its function, as its structure affects the speed and efficiency of information transfer. As a highly energy-consuming organ, an efficient network structure is essential. A previous study has shown consistent overall brain connectivity across a large variety of species. This connectivity conservation was explained by a balance between inter and intra hemispheric connections, that is – spices with highly connected hemispheres appear to have weaker inter-hemisphere connections. This study examines this connectivity trade-off in the human brain using diffusion-based tractography and network analysis in the Human Connectome Project (970 subjects, 527 F). We explore the biological origins of this phenomenon, and heritability and effect on cognitive measures. The proportion of commissural fibers in the brain had a negative correlation to hemispheric efficiency, pointing to a trade-off between inner and inter hemispheric connectivity. Network hubs including anterior and middle cingulate cortex, superior frontal areas, medial occipital areas, the parahippocampal gyrus, post and precentral gyri, and the precuneus had the strongest contribution to this phenomenon. Other results show a high heritability as well as a strong connection to crystalized intelligence. This work presents a cohort-based network analysis research, spanning a large variety of samples and exploring the overall architecture of the human connectome. Our results show a connectivity conservation phenomenon at the base of the overall brain network architecture. This network structure may explain much of the functional, behavioral, and cognitive variability between different brains. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The brain’s network structure is at the basis of every brain function, as it dictates the characteristics of information transfer. Understanding the patterns and mechanisms that guide the connectome’s structure is crucial to understanding the brain itself. Here we unravel the mechanism at the base of the connectivity conservation phenomenon by exploring the interaction between hemispheric and commissural connectivity in a large-scale cohort-based connectivity study. We describe the trade-off between the two components and examine its origins, as well as observe its effect on cognitive abilities and behavior.
IDEAL framework for surgical innovation 3: randomised controlled trials in the assessment stage and evaluations in the long term study stage
Authors: J. A. Cook, P. McCulloch, J. M. Blazeby, D. J. Beard, D. Marinac-Dabic, A. Sedrakyan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The complexity of surgical procedures often poses challenges for conducting a rigorous and comprehensive evaluation. This paper considers the final two IDEAL stages of surgical innovation. Surgical randomised controlled trials are often challenging to undertake and require careful consideration of the intervention definition, who should deliver it, and the impact of surgeon and patient preferences. In the long term study stage, better monitoring of surgical procedures is needed, along with improved surveillance of devices.
Prediction of Functional Outcome in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Ricardo E. Carrión, Danielle McLaughlin, Terry E. Goldberg, Andrea M. Auther, Ruth H. Olsen, Doreen M. Olvet, Christoph U. Correll, Barbara A. Cornblatt
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

A major public health concern associated with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders is the long-term disability that involves impaired cognition, lack of social support, and an inability to function independently in the community. A critical goal of early detection and intervention studies in psychosis is therefore to understand the factors leading to this often profound impairment.To develop a predictive model of functional (social and role) outcome in a clinical high-risk sample for psychosis.Prospective, naturalistic, longitudinal 3- to 5-year follow-up study.The Recognition and Prevention Program in New York, a research clinic located in the Zucker Hillside Hospital in New York.One hundred one treatment-seeking patients at clinical high risk for psychosis. Ninety-two (91%) were followed up prospectively for a mean (SD) of 3 (1.6) years.Neurocognitive and clinical assessment.The primary outcome variables were social and role functioning at the last follow-up visit.Poor social outcome was predicted by reduced processing speed (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.050-1.823; P = .02), impaired social functioning at baseline (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.258-2.732; P = .002), and total disorganized symptoms (OR, 5.06; 95% CI, 1.548-16.527; P = .007). Reduced performance on tests for verbal memory (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.169-2.594; P = .006), role functioning at baseline (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.053-1.711; P = .02), and motor disturbances (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.060-2.969; P = .03) predicted role outcome. The areas under the curve for the social and role prediction models were 0.824 (95% CI, 0.736-0.913; P < .001) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.87; P < .001), respectively, demonstrating a high discriminative ability. In addition, poor functional outcomes were not entirely dependent on the development of psychosis, because 40.3% and 45.5% of nonconverters at clinical high risk had poor social and role outcomes, respectively.Results from this study support the increasing emphasis on functional decline as a critically important outcome that parallels conversion to psychosis and suggest that both psychosis and long-term functional disability are equally important targets for prevention. Reduced neurocognitive performance, functional impairments, and nonpositive attenuated symptoms at baseline were associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcomes in our sample. Poor functional outcomes were not entirely dependent on positive symptoms and the development of psychosis, further highlighting the need for intervention at this early stage of development for those who do and do not convert to a full-blown psychotic disorder.
CONSERVATION OF CHILD LIFE A NATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: L. R. DeBUYS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Every man was a baby. Unfortunately most men have forgotten the fact. Not the least of these is the majority of the medical profession, judging from their lack of desire for information about and their want of interest in the welfare of infants. The medical profession must interest itself in the saving of the lives of the babies, if the future population of the country is to be considered. Far-sightedness was never more necessary than at the present time. The adage, "Do unto others as you would be done by" never had a greater application than when applied to the infant. Let us mature adults, and particularly members of the medical profession, be leaders and advisers of our lay brothers and let us put ourselves in the place of the infant. What would we like the adults of the nation to do for us? This is easily and readily answered
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into normal rabbit arteries results in prolonged vascular cell activation, inflammation, and neointimal hyperplasia.
Authors: K D Newman, P F Dunn, J W Owens, A H Schulick, R Virmani, G Sukhova, P Libby, D A Dichek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Adenovirus vectors are capable of high efficiency in vivo arterial gene transfer, and are currently in use as therapeutic agents in animal models of vascular disease. However, despite substantial data on the ability of viruses to cause vascular inflammation and proliferation, and the presence in current adenovirus vectors of viral open reading frames that are translated in vivo, no study has examined the effect of adenovirus vectors alone on the arterial phenotype. In a rabbit model of gene transfer into a normal artery, we examined potential vascular cell activation, inflammation, and neointimal proliferation resulting from exposure to replication-defective adenovirus. Exposure of normal arteries to adenovirus vectors resulted in: (a) pronounced infiltration of T cells throughout the artery wall; (b) upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in arterial smooth muscle cells; (c) neointimal hyperplasia. These findings were present both 10 and 30 d after gene transfer, with no evidence of a decline in severity over time. Adenovirus vectors have pleiotropic effects on the arterial wall and cause significant pathology. Interpretation of experimental protocols that use adenovirus vectors to address either biological or therapeutic issues should take these observations into account. These observations should also prompt the design of more inert gene transfer vectors.
310 Hepatic expression of PPAR-γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) is reduced in human cholelithiasis
Authors: M. Bertolotti, C. Gabbi, C. Anzivino, N. Mitro, C. Godio, E. De Fabiani, M. Crestani, L. Carulli, M. Del Puppo, A. Rossi, E. Loria, N. Carulli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Effect of maternal lorazepam on the neonate.
Authors: M Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1981)

recipients in the same manner as Smithells because, since the January 1980 press reports of the initial Merrell v Mekdeci trial, general practice prescrib- ing has altered dramatically.The prescribing of Debendox fell sharply in February 1980 and has remained at a low level, less than half its former rate.Drug utilisation data in the context of information from the surveillance of congenital malformations can help to estimate the extent of possible drug-associated teratogenic prob- lems and to corroborate the results of anecdotal reports and epidemiological studies.In the light of the alteration in Debendox prescribing we await with interest the congenital mal- formation surveillance findings both of England and Wales and of Northern Ireland.
Prescribing warmer, healthier homes
Authors: N. D L Olsen
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Few people choose to live in cold damp homes that they cannot afford to heat well enough to protect their health. Yet for millions of British households this is the reality of poor quality housing, inefficient heating systems, and inadequate building insulation standards stretching back over generations. Last month, however, the British government launched a 10 year strategy to end fuel poverty in vulnerable households.1 This encourages doctors and others to “prescribe” a warmer home for patients receiving benefits.

Over four million British households suffer fuel poverty,2 defined as needing to spend over 10% of their income on energy to maintain an adequate standard of warmth. Millions more are close to it. In high cost areas, such as Devon and Cornwall, the problem is aggravated by the further 10% of state pension income required for water and sewerage charges. Comparative studies show that British and Irish housing standards are worse than those in other comparable European countries.3 The only sustainable solution is through massive improvement in housing generally, and heating and insulation in particular.

The government's strategy to end fuel poverty in vulnerable households by 20104 is …
Melanoma susceptibility variants on chromosome 20q11.22 are associated with pigmentary traits and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: H. Nan, A.A. Qureshi, J. Han
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Melanoma susceptibility variants on chromosome 20q11.22 are associated with pigmentary traits and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer Get access H. Nan, H. Nan Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthChanning Laboratory, Department of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.A. Qureshi, A.A. Qureshi Channing Laboratory, Department of MedicineDepartment of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A. E‐mail: hnan@hsph.harvard.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Han J. Han Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthChanning Laboratory, Department of MedicineDepartment of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A. E‐mail: hnan@hsph.harvard.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 2, 1 February 2010, Pages 461–463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09579.x Published: 01 February 2010
Pay for Performance in Commercial HMOs
Authors: Meredith B. Rosenthal, Bruce E. Landon, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Richard G. Frank, Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Pay for performance has increasingly become the subject of intense interest and debate, both of which have been heightened as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services moves closer to adopting this approach for Medicare. Although many claims have been made for the effectiveness of this approach, the extent of its national penetration remains unknown.
Influence of Helicobacter pylori, sex, and age on serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations in subjects without symptoms and patients with duodenal ulcers.
Authors: S Mossi, B Meyer-Wyss, E L Renner, H S Merki, G Gamboni, C Beglinger
Journal: Gut (1993)

The relation between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection and fasting gastrin and pepsinogen-I and -II concentrations was evaluated in 278 volunteers without symptoms and the results were compared with the values obtained in 35 patients with duodenal ulcers. H pylori infection was determined with the 13C-urea breath test in subjects without symptoms and with endoscopy, biopsy (histology and culture), and quick urease test (CLO-test) in patients with duodenal ulcers. Gastrin and pepsinogen-I and -II concentrations were assayed with specific radioimmunoassay systems. The results clearly indicate that fasting gastrin and pepsinogen-I and -II concentrations were significantly higher in H pylori positive compared with H pylori negative subjects. Neither age nor sex affected basal gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations in H pylori negative subjects. Fasting gastrin, pepsinogen-I and -II concentrations in serum samples were similar in H pylori positive persons with no symptoms and those with duodenal ulcers suggesting that similar mechanisms are involved in increasing plasma concentrations of these variables in both populations. Hypergastrinaemia and hyperpepsinogenaemia are therefore probably secondary to active H pylori infection.