tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Use and effectiveness of IUDs.
Authors: R Snowden
Journal: BMJ (1975)

risk in patients receiving long-term pheno- barbitone or phenytoin therapy.Exposure to enzyme-inducing agents such as drugs, industrial and agricultural chemicals, pesticides, food additives, etc, is a hazard of living in the more highly developed countries.It is tempting to speculate that the differences in serum cholesterol between such populations and those of less affluent countries, which have never been fully ex- plained by differences in dietary intakes of animal fat,89 may in part be due to differ- ences in their degree of enzyme induction.
L-carnitine treatment improves cardiac performance and restores high-energy phosphate pools in cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster.
Authors: J T Whitmer
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Hamsters with either the dilated (BIO 53.58) or hypertrophic (BIO 14.6) form of cardiomyopathy and an inbred control strain of hamster (F1B) were treated for 6 months with high-dose L-carnitine (1 g/kg/day i.p.). After treatment, the animals were killed and their hearts perfused by the isolated working technique. Mechanical performance (as indicated by the double product of heart rate and left ventricular [LV] peak systolic pressure) of both carnitine-treated cardiomyopathic groups was increased significantly above their respective sham-treated groups. Associated with these increases in mechanical performance were significant increases in both peak-positive LV dP/dt (index of contractility) and peak negative dP/dt (index of relaxation) in both carnitine-treated myopathic groups. Serum carnitine levels were increased 10-15 times within 2 hours after injection of L-carnitine in all 3 groups. Myocardial free-carnitine levels were increased twofold in both control and dilated myopathic hearts above their respective sham-treated groups, restoring the level in the dilated hearts comparable to those of controls. Myocardial carnitine levels in the hypertrophic group were not significantly affected by treatment. Total high-energy phosphate stores, i.e., ATP plus creatine phosphate, were restored to control levels by L-carnitine treatment in both cardiomyopathic groups. Levels of the breakdown products of ATP were maintained primarily in the more readily convertible adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate forms in all three treated groups. These changes resulted in significantly higher ratios of (ATP)/(ADP + AMP + adenosine) and (creatine phosphate)/(creatine) in the treated hearts. This is the first study demonstrating that high-dose L-carnitine treatment results in improved cardiac performance and increased myocardial total high-energy phosphate stores in the Syrian hamster model with one of two distinct forms of cardiomyopathy, i.e., dilated or hypertrophic. The mechanisms for these effects of exogenous L-carnitine treatment cannot be totally explained by changes in oxidative energy metabolism.
Vascular Gene Transfer of SDF-1 Promotes Endothelial Progenitor Cell Engraftment and Enhances Angiogenesis in Ischemic Muscle
Authors: Michael A Kuliszewski, Jeremy Kobulnik, Jonathan R Lindner, Duncan J Stewart, Howard Leong-Poi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Gene therapy approaches to enhance endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) homing may augment cell engraftment to ischemic tissue and lead to a greater therapeutic response. Therefore, we assessed the effects of ultrasound-mediated (UM) transfection of the chemokine stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on homing and engraftment of intravenously administered EPCs and the subsequent angiogenic response in chronically ischemic skeletal muscle. Bone marrow–derived EPCs were isolated from donor Fisher 344 rats, cultured and labeled in preparation for injection into recipient animals via a jugular vein. Using a model of chronic hindlimb ischemia in rats, we demonstrated that UM destruction of intravenous carrier microbubbles loaded with SDF-1 plasmid DNA resulted in targeted transfection of the vascular endothelium within ischemic muscle and greater local engraftment of EPCs. The combination of SDF-1gene therapy and EPCs lead to the greatest increase in tissue perfusion and microvascular density within ischemic muscle, compared to no treatment or either monotherapy alone. Our results demonstrate that UM transfection of SDF-1 improves EPC targeting to chronically ischemic tissue, enhancing vascular engraftment and leading to a more robust neovascularization response. Gene therapy approaches to enhance endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) homing may augment cell engraftment to ischemic tissue and lead to a greater therapeutic response. Therefore, we assessed the effects of ultrasound-mediated (UM) transfection of the chemokine stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on homing and engraftment of intravenously administered EPCs and the subsequent angiogenic response in chronically ischemic skeletal muscle. Bone marrow–derived EPCs were isolated from donor Fisher 344 rats, cultured and labeled in preparation for injection into recipient animals via a jugular vein. Using a model of chronic hindlimb ischemia in rats, we demonstrated that UM destruction of intravenous carrier microbubbles loaded with SDF-1 plasmid DNA resulted in targeted transfection of the vascular endothelium within ischemic muscle and greater local engraftment of EPCs. The combination of SDF-1gene therapy and EPCs lead to the greatest increase in tissue perfusion and microvascular density within ischemic muscle, compared to no treatment or either monotherapy alone. Our results demonstrate that UM transfection of SDF-1 improves EPC targeting to chronically ischemic tissue, enhancing vascular engraftment and leading to a more robust neovascularization response.
Eosinophils in the Immunology of Anaphylaxis.
Authors: Max Samter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Eosinophils in the Immunology of Anaphylaxis.Max Samter, M.D., F.A.C.P.Max Samter, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1027_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is known that eosinophils appear as an aftermath of anaphylaxis in sensitized tissues that are reexposed to specific antigens. Circumstantial evidence that has accumulated in recent years makes it likely that they participate in the disposal of the antigen-antibody complex.Our observations on guinea pigs indicate (1) that the initial injection of antigenic material directly into the lung induces a marked eosinophilia at the site of injection within 72 hr, (2) that at the time—in contrast to generalized anaphylaxis—there is no correlation between eosinophilia in the lung and the titer of circulating eosinophils (which remains stable), and (3) that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1027-1027KeywordsAnaphylaxisAntigensEosinophiliaEosinophilsGuinea pigsImmunologyLungs Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Book Review Urinary Stone Disease: The Practical Guide to Medical and Surgical Management (Current Clinical Urology.) Edited by Marshall L. Stoller and Maxwell V. Meng. 694 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2007. $189. 978-1-58829-219-3
Authors: Leroy M. Nyberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Follow-up evaluation of infant paroxysmal atrial tachycardia: transesophageal study.
Authors: D W Benson, A Dunnigan, D G Benditt
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We report results of follow-up transesophageal electrophysiologic studies in 35 infants seven to 27 months old (mean, 12 months) in whom paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) using an accessory atrioventricular (AV) connection had been previously evaluated by transesophageal study in the first 2 months (mean, 14 days) of life. No infants were receiving antiarrhythmic drug therapy at the time of follow-up study. To evaluate AV conduction and initiate PAT, a standard transesophageal pacing protocol was used: single extrastimuli in sinus rhythm, incremental pacing to second-degree AV block, and burst pacing at cycle lengths near those resulting in second-degree AV block. If PAT was not initiated during the baseline period, the protocol was repeated during the infusion of isoproterenol and after administration of atropine. At follow-up study, PAT was reinitiated in 24 of 35 (68%) infants, six of whom had exhibited recent spontaneous recurrence of PAT. AV nodal function did not differ in those with and those without inducible PAT. However, when initial and follow-up studies were compared, changes in antegrade conduction of the accessory AV connection were observed, since only five of 10 infants with preexcitation at initial study continued to exhibit preexcitation at follow-up study (1/5 infants only after isoproterenol). Additionally, changes in retrograde conduction of the accessory AV connection were observed; the ventriculoatrial interval in PAT induced at follow-up study increased by 20 to 40 msec in eight of 24 infants and by 50 to 80 msec in five of 24 infants compared with the interval at initial study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccinations and Tuberculin Skin Tests
Authors: Dixie E. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1985)

THE CENTERS for Disease Control and the American Thoracic Society recommend tuberculin testing of persons from countries with high rates of tuberculosis.<sup>1</sup>Many of these persons have a history of vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which makes the interpretation of tuberculin skin tests more difficult. Vaccination with BCG usually leads to the acquisition of tuberculin sensitivity, but the degree of tuberculin sensitivity is highly variable, depending on the vaccine strain used, vaccine dosage, method of vaccine administration, age at vaccination, nutritional status of the vaccine, and factors known to influence the reaction to tuberculin skin tests. The persistence of tuberculin sensitivity during the months and years after BCG vaccination is also highly variable and, in addition to the previously mentioned factors, depends on the frequency of tuberculin testing after vaccination, frequency of repeat vaccinations, exposure to nontuberculosis mycobacteria, and infection with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.<sup>2-11</sup> There is no reliable way
Mechanisms underlying abnormal trafficking of malignant progenitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Decreased adhesion to stroma and fibronectin but increased adhesion to the basement membrane components laminin and collagen type IV.
Authors: C M Verfaillie, J B McCarthy, P B McGlave
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We studied the adhesion of primitive and committed progenitors from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and normal bone marrow to stroma and to several extracellular matrix components. In contrast to benign primitive progenitors from CML or normal bone marrow, Ph1-positive primitive progenitors from CML bone marrow fail to adhere to normal stromal layers and to fibronectin and its proteolytic fragments, but do adhere to collagen type IV, an extracellular matrix component of basement membranes. Similarly, multilineage colony-forming unit (CFU-MIX) progenitors from CML bone marrow do not adhere to fibronectin or its adhesion promoting fragments but adhere to collagen type IV. Unlike committed progenitors from normal bone marrow, CML single-lineage burst-forming units-erythroid and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units fail to adhere to fibronectin or its components but do adhere to both collagen type IV and laminin. Evaluation of adhesion receptor expression demonstrates that fibronectin receptors (alpha 4, alpha 5, and beta 1) are equally present on progenitors from normal and CML bone marrow. However, a fraction of CML progenitors express alpha 2 and alpha 6 receptors, associated with laminin and collagens, whereas these receptors are absent from normal progenitors. These observations indicate that the premature release of malignant Ph1-positive progenitors into the circulation may be caused by loss of adhesive interactions with stroma and/or fibronectin and acquisition of adhesive interactions with basement membrane components. Further study of the altered function of cell-surface adhesion receptors characteristic of the malignant clone in CML may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying both abnormal expansion and abnormal circulation of malignant progenitors in CML.
Development of RhD antibodies after kidney transplantation.
Authors: S Murray, P J Dewar, G Dinning
Journal: BMJ (1976)

months three patients with severe hyperthyroidism accompanied by hypercalcaemia.In two of these anorexia and vomiting were conspicuous symptoms.This caused some puzzlement and was responsible for con- siderable delay in diagnosis.Thus in the only two cases I have seen of vomiting with hyperthyroidism hypercalcaemia was present, and I have always assumed since then that this combination should prompt a request for a serum calcium determination.It would be interesting to know if any such determinations were made in the case of the patients described.
Msx1 and Msx2 are functional interacting partners of T-box factors in the regulation of Connexin43
Authors: Kees-Jan Boogerd, L.Y. Elaine Wong, Vincent M. Christoffels, Meinke Klarenbeek, Jan M. Ruijter, Antoon F.M. Moorman, Phil Barnett
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

T-box factors Tbx2 and Tbx3 play key roles in the development of the cardiac conduction system, atrioventricular canal, and outflow tract of the heart. They regulate the gap-junction-encoding gene Connexin43 (Cx43) and other genes critical for heart development and function. Discovering protein partners of Tbx2 and Tbx3 will shed light on the mechanisms by which these factors regulate these gene programs. Employing an yeast 2-hybrid screen and subsequent in vitro pull-down experiments we demonstrate that muscle segment homeobox genes Msx1 and Msx2 are able to bind the cardiac T-box proteins Tbx2, Tbx3, and Tbx5. This interaction, as that of the related Nkx2.5 protein, is supported by the T-box and homeodomain alone. Overlapping spatiotemporal expression patterns of Msx1 and Msx2 together with the T-box genes during cardiac development in mouse and chicken underscore the biological significance of this interaction. We demonstrate that Msx proteins together with Tbx2 and Tbx3 suppress Cx43 promoter activity and down regulate Cx43 gene activity in a rat heart-derived cell line. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis we demonstrate that Msx1 can bind the Cx43 promoter at a conserved binding site located in close proximity to a previously defined T-box binding site, and that the activity of Msx proteins on this promoter appears dependent in the presence of Tbx3. Msx1 and Msx2 can function in concert with the T-box proteins to suppress Cx43 and other working myocardial genes.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Ivan L. Bennett, Paul B. Beeson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Injection of extracts or suspensions of various rabbit tissues was found to be without effect upon the body temperature of normal rabbits. Occasionally, extracts of bone marrow produced transient fever, and saline extracts of acute inflammatory lesions of the Shwartzman and Arthus types were found to produce fever when injected intravenously. Suspensions or extracts of polymorphonuclear leukocytes collected from sterile peritoneal exudates contain a heat-labile substance which produced fever whereas those of erythrocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes failed to do so. The cell-free supernatant fluid of sterile peritoneal exudates obtained at the stage when polymorphonuclear leukocytes predominate also proved capable of producing fever.
The SOL-2/Neto Auxiliary Protein Modulates the Function of AMPA-Subtype Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Rui Wang, Jerry E. Mellem, Michael Jensen, Penelope J. Brockie, Craig S. Walker, Frédéric J. Hoerndli, Linda Hauth, David M. Madsen, Andres V. Maricq
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Dithranol-mediated, does-dependent priming and activation of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence responses of human neutrophils in vitro
Authors: R. ANDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

At concentrations of 10 μg/ml and greater, dithranol (anthralin) caused an intense, dose‐related activation of luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL) of human neutropils and also increased oxygen consumption by these cells. Activation of LECL, which was maximal with 40 μg/ml dithranol, occurred promptly, peaked at 3–5 min, then declined. Dithranol‐mediated stimulation of LECL was inhibited by catalase and by the protein kinase C inhibitor, H‐7. Neutrophils from individuals with chronic granulomatous disease were unresponsive to the pro‐oxidative effects of dithranol. At concentrations of 2.5 μg/ml and less, dithranol did not directly activate the LECL responses of neutrophils. However pre‐treatment of neutrophils with dithranol at concentrations of 0.5–2.5 μg/ml increased the LECL‐responses of cells subsequently two distinct dose‐related, pro‐oxidative interactions of dithranol with human neutrophils: low‐dose priming and high‐dose activation of oxidant generation. Since phagocyte‐derived reactive oxidants are immunosuppressive, these pro‐oxidative interactions of dithranol with human neutrophils may contribute to the pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms of this agent.
Thromboprophylaxis after replacement arthroplasty
Authors: D. P Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Venous thromboembolism remains the greatest single threat to life during the extended postoperative period after total hip arthroplasty.1 Several prophylactic measures are currently used, including elastic stockings and intermittent pneumatic compression to reduce stasis, and aspirin or various forms of anticoagulation to counteractact hypercoagulability. Evidence for the effectiveness of these different forms of prophylaxis varies from large multicentre trials in thousands of patients to small single centre studies, and there is no clear consensus on the best form of prophylaxis.

Thrombosis is less likely if venous stasis is minimised, and this is the rationale for the use of elastic support stockings and raising the foot of the bed. These passive measures have been used for years, and, though they help prevent venous thromboembolism, they are not sufficiently effective on their own after major joint replacement. Nevertheless, intermittent pneumatic compression of the legs in 500 patients undergoing hip replacement reduced the overall rate of deep vein thrombosis to 5%, with a 1% incidence of pulmonary embolism.2 This compares favourably with a 50% incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients given no prophylaxis.3

The efficacy …
Requirements for growth of human erythroid progenitors in nutrient agar
Authors: E. Januszewicz, I. A. Cooper, T. R. Bradley
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Human erythroid bursts and neutrophil colonies from fetal liver, term cord blood, and adult bone marrow were grown in nutrient agar, and the colonies were scored using a fixed whole plate method. Human placental conditioned medium was shown to contain burst promoting activity, and low oxygen tension markedly enhanced growth of erythroid bursts. Morphological analysis of colonies showed that eosinophil colonies were more numerous in bone marrow than fetal liver and conversely macrophage and neutrophil-macrophage colonies were more numerous in fetal liver. Erythroid bursts were more numerous and larger in fetal liver. Human fetal liver cells do not produce endogenous colony-stimulating factor.
Immunity Feedback and Clinical Outcome in Colon Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoimmunotherapy with Gemcitabine + FOLFOX followed by Subcutaneous Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Aldesleukin (GOLFIG-1 Trial)
Authors: Pierpaolo Correale, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Antonella Fioravanti, Maria Teresa Del Vecchio, Cinzia Remondo, Francesco Montagnani, Maria Saveria Rotundo, Chiara Ginanneschi, Ignazio Martellucci, Edoardo Francini, Maria Grazia Cusi, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Guido Francini
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: GOLFIG chemoimmunotherapy regimen proved to be a safe and very active chemoimmunotherapy regimen in advanced colon cancer patients. We have thus investigated the immunobiological feedback to the treatment and its possible correlation with the clinical outcome of these patients. Experimental Design: This clinical and immunologic study involved 46 patients, 27 males and 19 females, enrolled in the GOLFIG-1 phase II trial who received gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15), oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2 on days 2 and 16), levofolinic acid (100 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, 15, and 16), and 5-fluorouracil (400 mg/m2 as a bolus, and 800 mg/m2 as a 24-hour infusion on days 1, 2, 15, and 16) followed by s.c. granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (100 μg, on days 3-7) and interleukin 2 (0.5 × 106 IU twice a day on days 8-14 and 17-29). Results: The regimen was confirmed to be safe and very active in pretreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A subgroup analysis of these patients revealed a prolonged time to progression and survival in six patients who developed late signs of autoimmunity. A multivariate analysis validated the occurrence of autoimmunity signs as an independent predictor of favorable outcome. A parallel immunologic study detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these patients a progressive increase in lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, amplification in central memory, a marked depletion of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and activation of colon cancer–specific cytotoxic T cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that immunity feedback to GOLFIG regimen and its antitumor activity are tightly correlated.
THE DIALYZABILITY OF THE PRESSOR AND ANTIDIURETIC ACTIVITIES OF PITRESSIN
Authors: Wayne Donaldson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

According to the present extent of our knowl- edge it appears that the pressor and the antidiuretic activities of Pitressin 1 both reside in the same sub- stance.Since Kamm (1) showed that the pressor activity dialyzes from aqueous solution, the anti- diuretic activity should dialyze also.But Ralli (2) found that when Pitressin mixed with normal urine was dialyzed against water the full antidiu- retic activity for rats remained in 'the non-dialyz-
High Elevations of Creatine Phosphokinase in Hypothyroidism
Authors: Joel Goldman, Robert Matz, Robin Mortimer, Ruth Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In hypothyroidism, slight elevations of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels are common. In contrast, we describe six hypothyroid patients with extreme elevations (17- to 160-fold) of CPK levels. Enzyme analysis showed only MM isoenzyme in four cases and MM plus trace MB isoenzyme in two patients. Hypothyroidism should, therefore, be considered when elevated CPK levels, even if extreme, are found. Isoenzyme analysis in such a case will show primarily an MM pattern, although trace MB fraction can also be seen. This isoenzyme pattern suggests that the source of the CPK elevations is skeletal muscle. (<i>JAMA</i>238:325-326, 1977)