tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma inhalation devices: what do we know?
Authors: A J Burton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Most striking was the poor level of scoring.Even with the aerosol inhaler only 36% of the doctors and 30%1 of the nurses remembered two important refinements.These figures correspond well with Frew and MacFarlane's figures of 28%, and 22% respectively.5With few exceptions those who scored two marks with the aerosol also scored well with the Rotahaler and the Spinhaler.Eight people
P-Rex and Vav Rac-GEFs in platelets control leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation
Authors: Dingxin Pan, Richard T. Amison, Yanira Riffo-Vasquez, Domenico Spina, Simon J. Cleary, Michael J. Wakelam, Clive P. Page, Simon C. Pitchford, Heidi C. E. Welch
Journal: Blood (2014)
Expression Profiling of Estrogenic Compounds Using a Sheepshead Minnow cDNA Macroarray
Authors: P Larkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

A variety of anthropogenic compounds are capable of binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) of vertebrate species. Binding of these chemicals to the ER can interfere with homeostasis by altering normal gene expression patterns. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of 30 genes using a sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) cDNA macroarray. Many of the genes on the array were previously identified by differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to be upregulated or downregulated in sheepshead minnows treated through aqueous exposure to known or suspected estrogenic chemicals. The results of this study show that 17 beta-estradiol (E2), 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and methoxychlor (MXC) have similar genetic signatures for the 30 genes examined. The genetic signature of fish treated with p-nonylphenol was identical in pattern to that in fish treated with E2, EE2, DES, and MXC except for the additional upregulation of a cDNA clone that shares similarity to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9. Endosulfan produced results that resembled the gene expression patterns of untreated control fish with exception of the upregulation of estrogen receptor alpha and the downregulation of a cDNA clone that shares similarity to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. We show that our estrogen-responsive cDNA macroarray can detect dose-dependent changes in gene expression patterns in fish treated with EE2.
Poverty and Health
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Poverty and HealthW orldwide, 1.2 billion people live in extreme poverty.This means they may have little or no access to safe housing, clean water, basic toilet facilities, or any health care.Educational levels in poor areas are often low.Poor people have a shorter life expectancy than wealthier people, and more mothers and children die in poor areas than in richer areas.Each year, 9.7 million children worldwide die before their fifth birthday.Infectious diseases of all types are present in poor areas.Close contact among persons sharing housing and limited sewage and waste treatment means that infections can spread more easily, including infections spread by insects.Unsafe sex practices and prostitution spread sexually transmitted diseases, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).HIV is a major health issue in all areas of the world, and the number of infected individuals has increased rapidly in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.Individuals living in poor areas often lack preventive health care or the means to manage chronic diseases, even in developed countries.Children and adults who live in poverty may have poor nutrition, including vitamin deficiencies and protein-calorie malnutrition, which can affect mental functioning and physical health.Education may not be available in poor areas of the world.If schools are available, many children may not be able to attend because they must work to support themselves or their families.Low literacy rates (number of persons who can read and write) and educational levels contribute to poor health and to the cycle of poverty.The October 24/31, 2007, issue of JAMA is a theme issue on poverty and human development and contains articles about the effects of poverty on worldwide health.The articles discuss a number of ways in which health and poverty can be improved around the world.
Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Associated With Corrective Valve Surgery
Authors: Robert E. Eckart, Tomasz W. Hruczkowski, Usha B. Tedrow, Bruce A. Koplan, Laurence M. Epstein, William G. Stevenson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The causes of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) after cardiac valve surgeries have not been studied extensively, although bundle-branch reentry has been reported. Methods and Results— Records of 496 patients referred for electrophysiology study and catheter ablation of recurrent VT were reviewed. Twenty patients (4%) had VT after aortic or mitral valve surgery in the absence of known myocardial infarction. The median age was 53 years, and the median ejection fraction was 45%. In 4 patients, VT occurred early after surgery, and electrophysiology study was performed 3 to 10 days later. In the remaining patients, electrophysiology study was performed a median of 12 years (interquartile range 5 to 15 years) after surgery. Sustained VT was inducible in 17 patients. VT was attributed to scar-related reentry in 14 patients (70%) and to bundle-branch reentry in 2 (10%). Multiple VTs were present in 9 of 14 patients with scar-related reentry. A total of 42 induced VTs were targeted for ablation. Of the 14 patients with scar-related reentry, 9 (64%) had periannular scar, and 10 (71%) had an identifiable endocardial circuit isthmus. Ablation abolished 41 (98%) of the 42 targeted VTs. At a median follow-up of 2.1 years, 3 deaths occurred 8 to 14 months after ablation. One patient with incessant VT early after valve surgery suffered a stroke with residual hemianopsia. Of the 20 patients, 3 required repeat ablation after recurrence, and 2 of these who were not inducible during electrophysiology study had clinical recurrence that necessitated ablation. Conclusions— Sustained VT after valve surgery appears to be bimodal in presentation, occurring either early after surgery or years later. In this referral population, reentry in a region of scar is more common than bundle-branch reentry. Catheter ablation can be successful.
The physical consequences of depressive illness
Authors: T. G Dinan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The long term social impact of depressive illness has been extensively investigated,1 but far less attention has been paid to its physical consequences. There is, however, an important and accumulating body of evidence to indicate that the physical consequences of depression are far from benign. In particular, the increased risk of coronary artery disease and the impact on bone mineral content have both received recent attention.

A 55 year prospective study that examined the relation between mood disorder and physical health in a male population showed the damaging effects of depression.2 Among 237 healthy men recruited at college entry and assessed at the age of 70, 45% of those who had suffered a depressive episode were dead at follow up compared with only 5% of those in good psychological health. The differences in longevity could not be explained in terms of cigarette smoking, diet, or alcohol intake. In …
An alpha-1-adrenergic receptor subtype is responsible for delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity during simulated ischemia and reperfusion of isolated canine Purkinje fibers.
Authors: V Molina-Viamonte, E P Anyukhovsky, M R Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We used standard microelectrode techniques to study delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity induced by alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation in canine Purkinje fibers in the setting of simulated ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS The ischemic environment included 10.8 mM [Ca2+]o, 10 mM [K+]o, 40-50 mm Hg PO2, 20 mM lactate (pH 6.7), and 1 x 10(-7) M phenylephrine. During ischemia, there was the variable occurrence of abnormal automaticity, early afterdepolarizations, and delayed afterdepolarizations. During reperfusion, 100% of preparations manifested delayed afterdepolarizations and 40% manifested triggered activity. Decreasing PO2 to less than 20 mm Hg markedly reduced the incidence of delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity, as did increasing PO2 to values of more than 90 mm Hg. WB 4101, an alpha 1-subtype-selective competitive blocker that antagonizes the effects of alpha 1-agonists to induce phosphoinositide metabolism and increase [Ca2+]i, significantly reduced the incidence of delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. In contrast, the alpha 1-subtype-selective blocker chloroethylclonidine, an alkylating agent, had no effect on afterdepolarizations or triggered activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a specific alpha 1-adrenergic pathway is involved in the induction of triggered activity in the setting of ischemia and reperfusion and suggest that interventions used to block this specific pathway have the potential to be antiarrhythmic. They also emphasize the importance of the magnitude of hypoxia in the expression of the arrhythmias.
930 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF FULLY COVERED SELF-EXPANDABLE METALLIC STENTS IN BILIARY COMPLICATIONS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A LARGE COHORT OF TREATED PATIENTS
Authors: M. Traina, I. Tarantino, L. Barresi, G. Curcio, R. Volpes, I. Petridis, F. Mocciaro, B. Gridelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Leucocyte migration studies with spleen preparations in Crohn's disease
Authors: E. R. Richens, K. R. Gough, M. J. Williams
Journal: Gut (1973)

Thirty-nine patients with Crohn9s disease and 17 normal people were tested for hypersensitivity to sarcoid and normal spleen suspensions using the leucocyte migration test. In 26% of the Crohn9s cases migration was inhibited, whereas inhibition was not significant in the control group. Migration inhibition did not appear to be related to duration or activity of the disease. Sixty-two percent of the Crohn9s patients showed migration stimulation against normal spleen, a phenomenon that did not occur in the control group.
BM-14 * A PARADIGM SHIFT IN DETERMINING BRAIN METASTASIS TREATMENT: DOES NUMBER REALLY MATTER?
Authors: P. Jackson, F. Grady, M. Lester, E. Kokkinos, A. Rosenberg, R. Rockne, C. Bridge, M. Marymont, J. Chandler, K. Swanson, P. Kumthekar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Local treatment including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or surgical resection is indicated for patients with 1-3 brain metastases (mets). Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is indicated for patients with 4+ brain mets. WBRT aims to treat local disease and prevent distal recurrence; however, WBRT may impair quality of life (QOL) through post treatment cognitive deficits. For patients who have 4+ mets, SRS may be an appropriate alternative to WBRT without impacting overall survival (OS) and QOL. We analyzed how survival outcome is affected by the number of mets and total volume of mets for patients treated with surgery and SRS. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed pre-treatment brain MRIs and survival data of 48 patients with brain mets from primary melanoma (N = 13) or lung cancer (N = 35). Patients had an average of 2.5 mets (range 1-17). Treatment included resection of the largest met followed by SRS to the tumor bed and remaining mets. Univariate cox proportional hazard analysis was performed for volume of mets and number of mets. Iterative log-rank analysis was utilized to determine if there was a threshold for number of mets or volume that significantly dichotomized OS and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Univariate cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that volume (p < 0.05) was significant for OS but not number of mets (p = 0.27). Contrary to the current treatment paradigm, there was not a single threshold for number of mets that clearly dichotomized OS for patients; however, a threshold of 1 met optimally dichotomized PFS (p = 0.007). Univariate analysis revealed that number of mets (p = 0.02) was significant for PFS but volume (p = 0.26) was not. OS was significantly shorter for the 4 patients who had 40 cm3 or more total brain met volume (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The number of mets did not impact OS for patients treated with SRS, however, volume may affect OS.
Endoscopic Diagnosis of Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Jejunum
Authors: T. Milosavljevic, M. Petrovic
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

See also: Primary Gastric Lymphoma Versus Gastric CancerEndoscopy 1985; 17(01): 5-7DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018443
Adverse Reactions During Treatment of Parkinson's Disease With Levodopa
Authors: William E. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Fifty-six of 60 patients with Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa for periods of up to 19 months experienced adverse reactions. These are defined as "probably related" or "possibly related" to levodopa or "probably coincidental," and their possible mechanisms and management are reviewed. Although adverse reactions are frequent and severe, in most patients they can be satisfactorily controlled and treatment can be continued.
The "Inert" Placebo
Authors: Kit G. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Sodium sulfate as an additive to the inhaled placebo in the article by Crisp et al (229:787, 1974) may have produced a study that measured the toxic effects of inhaled sodium sulfate particles rather than the prophylactic efficacy of cromolyn sodium alone. The citations<sup>1-6</sup>represent a small portion of the recent air pollution and environmental health literature implicating the sulfate radical as a significant air pollutant. It appears to be especially important in either potentiating or producing asthmatic symptoms,<sup>1</sup>in the Salt Lake basin area where suspended sulfates as low as 1.4μg/cu m caused an aggravation of symptoms in asthmatic children. The concentration of sulfate in the inhaled placebo, and the particle sizes, are important in determining whether or not this "placebo" could have indeed aggravated symptoms in these children and thus produced false-positive results. The more general question that all investigators should address when using
More pricks than kicks
Authors: S. Lock
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The first intimation that we face a dispiriting two and a half hours at Stephen Poliakoff's new play comes in the programme notes. “Scientific fraud,” David Jones writes, “is impossible to get away with. Once your findings are published, others will…try to repeat them. If they fail, questions will be asked…. So fraud doesn't happen very often….When it does, there is always some surprising or desperate human story behind it.”

Jones is in academic chemistry, where perhaps fraud is unusual and failure to replicate results has uncovered several cases. Elsewhere fraud is far from rare; in medicine there are well over 100 documented cases, with half a dozen new ones being recorded every quarter in the bulletin of the US Office of Research Integrity alone. These are probably the tip of an iceberg. Most cases come …
Nonrheumatic Subvalvular Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: PHILIP K. CAVES, GEORGE C. SUTTON, MATTHIAS PANETH
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Thirty-three patients are reported with nonrheumatic mitral regurgitation due to rupture or stretching of the chordae tendinaeae or papillary muscles. Nineteen (58%) had no definite predisposing etiological factors (average age 59 years). Six (19%) had a previous myocardial infarction. It is proposed that rupture or stretching of the chordae resulted from degenerative or ischemic changes in the chordae and/or papillary muscles. Six young patients had ruptured chordae from other causes. Two patients had myocardial infarction resulting in rupture of the posteromedial papillary muscle. Characteristic clinical findings included progressive dyspnea of sudden onset, sinus rhythm, systolic thrill, accentuated pulmonary valve closure sound, third heart sound, and widely propagated pansystolic murmur. The electrocardiogram frequently showed inferolateral ischemic changes. Plain chest radiographs usually showed a normal-sized heart and left atrium in patients in sinus rhythm. At cardiac catheterization a characteristic high V wave in the pulmonary artery wedge pressure was seen in 88% of patients. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was highest in the six postinfarct patients in whom the ejection fraction was significantly low.
Impact of a randomized asthma education program on asthma control in children
Authors: A.B. Becker, D. Whitters, C.A. Gillespie, S.E. Filuk, J.E. McColm, N.J. Thomas, M.P. Piwniuk, F.R. Simons, W.T.A. Watson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
DNA vaccination induces WT1-specific T-cell responses with potential clinical relevance
Authors: Coralie Chaise, Sarah L. Buchan, Jason Rice, Jeanine Marquet, Hélène Rouard, Mathieu Kuentz, Gisella E. Vittes, Valérie Molinier-Frenkel, Jean-Pierre Farcet, Hans J. Stauss, Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue, Freda K. Stevenson
Journal: Blood (2008)
Mothers should breast feed for at least a year
Authors: C.-G. McDaniel
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Mothers should breast feed for at least the first year of an infant's life because of the health benefits for both baby and mother, says the American Academy of Pediatrics.

In a new policy statement, published in the December issue of the journal Pediatrics , the academy said that studies conducted in industrialised countries have shown that breast feeding can …
Posttest Probability Calculation by Weights
Authors: CHRISTOPHER M REMBOLD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

This article reintroduces a different form of Bayes' theorem that allows calculation of posttest probabilities by adding quantities known as "weights." A weight combines information found in both a test's sensitivity and specificity. A single value can describe how a given test result changes the posttest probability of disease. The use of weights and this form of Bayes' theorem should allow more widespread understanding and use of probability theory in clinical practice.
Treatment of Delirium Tremens
Authors: James M. Donahue
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I note in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS department (<b>200</b>:269, 1967) advice concerning the treatment of delirium tremens, wherein treatment with paraldehyde, chlorpromazine, and corticotropin is recommended. Experimental work done many years ago at the Public Health Service Hospital at Lexington, Ky, demonstrated quite conclusively that delirium tremens is best considered a withdrawal syndrome from sedative medication and treated as such with the use of pentobarbital. There have been numerous articles in the psychiatric literature outlining the procedure to be used and giving reference to the original articles.
Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the MHC class I, IL10, and IL23R-IL12RB2 regions associated with Behçet's disease
Authors: Elaine F Remmers, Fulya Cosan, Yohei Kirino, Michael J Ombrello, Neslihan Abaci, Colleen Satorius, Julie M Le, Barbara Yang, Benjamin D Korman, Aris Cakiris, Oznur Aglar, Zeliha Emrence, Hulya Azakli, Duran Ustek, Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun, Gulsen Akman-Demir, Wei Chen, Christopher I Amos, Michael B Dizon, Afet Akdag Kose, Gulsevim Azizlerli, Burak Erer, Oliver J Brand, Virginia G Kaklamani, Phaedon Kaklamanis, Eldad Ben-Chetrit, Miles Stanford, Farida Fortune, Marwen Ghabra, William E R Ollier, Young-Hun Cho, Dongsik Bang, John O'Shea, Graham R Wallace, Massimo Gadina, Daniel L Kastner, Ahmet Gül
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF ADDING CILOSTAZOL VERSUS DOUBLE-DOSE CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DURING PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR CO-ADMINISTRATION (ACCEL-PPI)
Authors: Young-Hoon Jeong, Seok Jae Hwang, Yongwhi Park, Bliden P. Kevin, Hwang Jin-Yong, Choong Hwan Kwak, udaya tantry, Paul Gurbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Uptake of Bone Scanning Agent in Neurofibromatosis
Authors: BRENDA L. HOLBERT, LAMK M. LAMKI, J MICHAEL HOLBERT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 32-year old, black female presented for evaluation with a large mass involving the back, buttocks, and thighs. The patient had been diagnosed as having Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis ten years previously. At that time she had had local surgery on the left buttock with removal of a 2 kilogram tumor involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. The pathologic report described the tumor as multiple neurofibromas with prominent melanin pigmentation and extensive involvement of fibroadipose tissue. The patient had local recurrences of the tumors which required surgical removal at three and six years following presentation. Over the past four years the tumor has recurred.
The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Reproductive Functions*
Authors: S. P. LERNER, C. E. FINCH
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

THIS review summarizes a scattered literature on genotypic influences on reproductive functions that have been associated with the major histocompatibility complex, the Mhc. While much attention has been given to the roles of the Mhc in immunological functions and disease resistance (1, 2), abundant evidence shows that Mhc-associated genes also influence numerous hormonally related functions. In particular, Mhc polymorphisms are associated with quantitative variations in diverse reproductive traits. These findings are discussed in relation to other genetic studies on reproductive functions. The forthcoming knowledge of nucleotide sequences of Mhc genes and non-class I and class II genes within the Mhc, e.g. in mice (3) and in cows (4), should open important opportunities to study reproductive mechanisms at the molecular level and to create genetically engineered animals for testing of experimental hypotheses and for meeting human needs. We also discuss genotypic influences on reproduction in relation to n...
Premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: fentanyl, diazepam, and atropine compared with papaveretum and hyoscine.
Authors: T Goroszeniuk, I H Nicholas, P Marchant, J A Turner, N M Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Once the patient's cardiac state has been stabilised gastric lavage should be undertaken and calcium polystyrene sulphonate-for ex- ample, Calcium Resoriium 60 g-left in the stomach to reduce further potassium absorption. 1 g of Calcium Resonium can absorb about 1-3 mmol of potassium.Whole-gut lavage4 may also be helpful because slow-release tablets liberate potassium over three hours or longer, depending on the brand.5