tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A pilot plant for removing chromium from residual water of tanneries.
Authors: J Landgrave
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The purpose of this study is to develop a technical process for removing trivalent chromium from tannery wastewater via precipitation. This process can be considered an alternative that avoids a remediation procedure against the metal presence in industrial wastes. This process was verified in a treatment pilot plant located in León, México handling 10 m3/day of three types of effluents. The effluent streams were separated to facilitate the elimination of pollutants from each one. The process was based on in situ treatment and recycle to reduce problems associated with transportation and confinement of contaminated sludges. Two types of treatment were carried out in the pilot plant: The physical/chemical and biological treatments. Thirty-five experiments were conducted and the studied variables were the pH, type of flocculant, and its dose. The statistical significance of chromium samples was 94.7% for its precipitation and 99.7% for recovery. The objectives established for this phase of the development were accomplished and the overall efficiencies were measured for each stage in the pilot plant. The results were: a) chromium precipitation 99.5% from wastewater stream, b) chromium recovery 99% for recycling, and c) physical/chemical treatment to eliminate grease and fat at least 85% and 65 to 70% for the biological treatment. The tanning of a hide lot (350 pieces) was accomplished using 60% treated and recycled water without affecting the product quality. The recovered chromium liquor was also used in this hide tanning. This technical procedure is also applicable for removing heavy metals in other industrial sectors as well as in reducing water consumption rates, if pertinent adjustments are implemented.
Population study of causes, treatment, and outcome of infertility.
Authors: M G Hull, C M Glazener, N J Kelly, D I Conway, P A Foster, R A Hinton, C Coulson, P A Lambert, E M Watt, K M Desai
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Specialist infertility practice was studied in a group of 708 couples within a population of residents of a single health district in England. They represented an annual incidence of 1.2 couples for every 1000 of the population. At least one in six couples needed specialist help at some time in their lives because of an average of infertility of 21/2 years, 71% of whom were trying for their first baby. Those attending gynaecology clinics made up 10% of new and 22% of all attendances. Failure of ovulation (amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea) occurred in 21% of cases and was successfully treated (two year conception rates of 96% and 78%). Tubal damage (14%) had a poor outlook (19%) despite surgery. Endometriosis accounted for infertility in 6%, although seldom because of tubal damage, cervical mucus defects or dysfunction in 3%, and coital failure in up to 6%. Sperm defects or dysfunction were the commonest defined cause of infertility (24%) and led to a poor chance of pregnancy (0-27%) without donor insemination. Obstructive azoospermia or primary spermatogenic failure was uncommon (2%) and hormonal causes of male infertility rare. Infertility was unexplained in 28% and the chance of pregnancy (overall 72%) was mainly determined by duration of infertility. In vitro fertilisation could benefit 80% of cases of tubal damage and 25% of unexplained infertility--that is, 18% of all cases, representing up to 216 new cases each year per million of the total population.
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cauda Equina Syndrome Produced by Protrusion of Lumbar Disk
Authors: R. H. Shephard
Journal: BMJ (1959)

This paper draws attention to the poor prognosis for complete recovery of function in some patients with cauda equina syndrome due to compression by prolapse or extrusion of lumbar disk.The study of a comprehensive group of these patients in a neurological centre brings out two important points (1) the relative ease of arriving at an early diagnosis ; and (2) that early operation is an essential prerequisite for improvement in prognosis. Clinical Case MaterialDuring a six-year period, 139 of the patients with "lumbar disk syndromes " admitted to the Maida Vale Hospital, under the care of Mr. Valentine Logue, were submitted to laminectomy.Many of them were operated on by me; 13 were suffering from cauda equina compression.The present paper concerns this group of 13, as in these cases there is maximal disturbance of neurological function, and delay in diagnosis and operation results in incomplete recovery of this function.TABLE I.-Cliical Case Mater-ial Patients operated on for " Ilssmbar disk syndrome during 6-year period ending May 31, 1957 Laminectomies performed .. .. Compressing disk lesions found and removed Neurofibromatous thickening of nerve root " Negative" exploration Posterior rliizotomy RadiculysisTABLE II.-Analysis of Positize Disk Lesionzs Patients with positive disk lesions Laterally situated lesions Centrally .. Patients with multiple lesions Total compressing disk lesions Patients with cauda equina syndrome and having central disk prolspse or extrusion
ALTERATIONS IN STATE OF MOLECULAR AGGREGATION OF COLLAGEN INDUCED IN CHICK EMBRYOS BY ß-AMINOPROPIONITRILE (LATHYRUS FACTOR)
Authors: Charles I. Levene, Jerome Gross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The lathyrogenic agents, ß-aminopropionitrile and semicarbizide, when applied to the chorio-allantoic membrane of the chick embryo produced a dramatic increase in fragility of the embryo. This alteration was not associated with a change in the concentration of collagen, except in aorta, but was accompanied by a sharp increase in the amount of collagen extractible in cold 1 M NaCl from skin, bone, and aorta. Increase in fragility and extractible collagen began within 3 hours after introduction of the agent and rose steadily for at least 72 hours. Essentially no collagen could be extracted from tissues of normal chick embryos. Both fragility and amount of extractible collagen were dosage- and time-dependent. It is concluded that the extractible collagen in lathyrism consists of a large proportion of dissolved fibers previously insoluble and formed prior to administration of the agent. The data also suggest that the "lathyritic" collagen in vivo is not in molecular dispersion but in an aggregate or fibrillar form. It is dispersed by cooling. The extracted collagen could be reconstituted to typical striated fibrils in vitro and the molecule appeared to be normal in the gross, with regard to asymmetry ratio and intramolecular helical structure. The evidence at hand suggests that at least one of the defects induced by lathyrogenic agents is an interference with the normal intermolecular cross-linking within the collagen fibril.
Giant Benign Hemangiopericytoma Functioning as an Arteriovenous Shunt
Authors: Stanley Gensler
Journal: JAMA (1966)

SINCE THE introduction of the term hemangiopericytoma by Stout and Murray 1 in 1942, the ubiquitous nature of this tumor has been documented by numerous reports. 2-7 However, the arteriographic features of this lesion have been described only rerely 8-11 and its physiologic behavior has not been investigated. The purpose of this report is to emphasize these aspects of this highly vascular tumor which in one case functioned as a large arteriovenous shunt.  Report of a Case  A 78-year-old woman was admitted to Montefiore Hospital in December 1965 with a large soft tissue mass on the medial aspect of the left thigh. This mass, present for more than ten years, had begun to grow markedly during the last year. The patient was totally asymptomatic except for a recent 4.5 kg (10 lb) weight loss, and she had never had any previous hospitalization or major illness.  Physical examination demonstrated a thin,
WOMEN HAVE GREATER MID-TERM QUALITY OF LIFE BENEFIT THAN MEN AFTER VALVULAR SURGERY
Authors: Phyllis Supino, Jeffrey S. Borer, Jacek J. Preibisz, Joseph A. Franciosa, O. Wayne Isom, Karl H. Krieger, Leonard N. Girardi, Edmund M. Herrold
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Reconstitution and characterization of a calcium-activated channel from heart.
Authors: J A Hill, R Coronado, H C Strauss
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

This paper is the first description of a calcium-activated nonspecific cation channel in adult ventricular muscle. We report gating kinetics and ionic selectivity data from experiments performed at the single channel level. Calcium activation is described by a gating model wherein two ions are involved in the reaction. Channel gating exhibited marked voltage dependence. Ionic selectivity experiments indicated that the channel is cation-selective but unable to discriminate between Na+ and K+. We discuss evidence that this channel mediates transient inward current in ventricular tissue; thus, the channel may be involved in after depolarization-induced cardiac arrhythmias.
Gallium Scan as a Prognostic Indicator in Neuroblastoma
Authors: NALINI BIDANI, PETER T. KIRCHNER, JOHN W. MOOHR, MARY ANN RADKOWSKI, EMILY PANG, MALCOLM COOPER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Gallium-67 scan results were correlated with the long-term clinical course in ten children with neuroblastoma. The four patients whose primary tumor did not accumulate gallium have exhibited a significantly better survival time (mean duration 68.2 months) as compared to the six patients with gallium-positive tumors (mean duration 16.6 months, P < 0.001). This difference in survival was not explainable on the basis of accepted prognostic indicators, such as age of patient or stage of disease at initial diagnosis. These results indicate that gallium uptake may be a useful prognostic indicator in children with neuroblastoma, independent of other variables.
Enhancement of Imipramine Antidepressant Activity by Thyroid Hormone
Authors: ARTHUR J. PRANGE, IAN C. WILSON, ARCHIE M. RABON, MORRIS A. LIPTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Twenty euthyroid patients with retarded depression were studied to determine the possible role of alterations in thyroid function in the etiology and treatment of depression. A battery of tests was administered regularly to measure change. Patients responded better to usual doses of imipramine when 25 µg. of L-triiodothyronine (T3) was administered daily. T3 was physiologically active, altering protein-bound iodine values and accelerating ankle reflex time. A possible explanation, based on relevant data from animal experiments, is that imipramine may elevate effective biogenic concentration, while T3 increases receptor sensitivity.
Analogical Reasoning in Handling Emerging Technologies: The Case of Umbilical Cord Blood Biobanking
Authors: Bjørn Hofmann, Jan Helge Solbakk, Søren Holm
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

How are we individually and as a society to handle new and emerging technologies? This challenging question underlies much of the bioethical debates of modern times. To address this question we need suitable conceptions of the new technology and ways of identifying its proper management and regulation. To establish conceptions and to find ways to handle emerging technologies we tend to use analogies extensively. The aim of this article is to investigate the role that analogies play or may play in the processes of understanding and managing new technology. More precisely we aim to unveil the role of analogies as analytical devices in exploring the "being" of the new technology as well the normative function of analogies in conceptualizing the characteristics and applications of new technology. Umbilical cord blood biobanking will be used as a case to investigate these roles and functions.
Elevated Levels of VE-Cadherin-Positive Endothelial Microparticles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hidenobu Koga, Seigo Sugiyama, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Keisuke Watanabe, Hironobu Fukushima, Tomoko Tanaka, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Michihiro Yoshimura, Hideaki Jinnouchi, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Clinical Significance of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Akihiro Yasumitsu, Chiharu Tabata, Rie Tabata, Noriko Hirayama, Aki Murakami, Shusai Yamada, Takayuki Terada, Shinichiro Iida, Kunihiro Tamura, Kazuya Fukuoka, Kozo Kuribayashi, Takashi Nakano
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Clinical drug resistance linked to interconvertible phenotypic and functional states of tumor-propagating cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Aristeidis Chaidos, Chris P. Barnes, Gillian Cowan, Philippa C. May, Valeria Melo, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Maria Papaioannou, Heather Harrington, Helen Doolittle, Evangelos Terpos, Meletios Dimopoulos, Saad Abdalla, Helen Yarranton, Kikkeri Naresh, Letizia Foroni, Alistair Reid, Amin Rahemtulla, Michael Stumpf, Irene Roberts, Anastasios Karadimitris
Journal: Blood (2012)
The genetics of hepatitis C virus underlie its ability to escape humoral immunity
Authors: Jay K. Kolls, Gyongyi Szabo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, and efforts to develop therapeutic vaccine strategies have been limited by immune escape due to HCV variants that are resistant to current vaccines or HCV variants that rapidly acquire new resistance-conferring mutations. Recently, the crystal structure of the viral envelope protein E2 region was resolved as well as how E2 docks to the host CD81 protein; therefore, antibodies that block this interaction should prevent viral entry into host cells. In this issue of the JCI, Bailey and colleagues show that immune escape of HCV can occur by naturally occurring polymorphisms in E2 that are distinct from those at mapped sites of antibody binding. These data reveal alternative mechanisms of resistance that need to be considered in both natural viral escape as well as in rationale vaccine design against HCV.
Osler's Rough Edge
Authors: CHARLES G. ROLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A man who accomplished as much as Osler did, and who influenced as many colleagues and students, almost inevitably acquires a patina of perfection after his death. Yet Osler was not flawless. He could, for example, be vigorously and publicly outspoken, writing or speaking in a manner that belies any image of unremitting kindliness. Several instances of such behavior are itemized and discussed, not to belittle a genuinely great man, but to emphasize his humanness and his reality.
Regulating Methylphenidate: Enhancing Cognition and Social Inequality
Authors: C. D. Brewer, Heather DeGrote
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Veljko Dubljevic (2013) contends that the appropriate regulation for extended-release methylphenidate is a moderately liberal permissive model. He claims the Economic Disincentives Model (EDM) is t...
Fracture of the Proximal Humerus With Displacement in a Child
Authors: Edwin G. Bovill
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Day: The patient is a 10-year-old black boy who fell from a slide while playing on a school playground and immediately complained of pain in the left shoulder and inability to elevate the left arm. When he was examined in the hospital emergency room, rather marked swelling was present about the left shoulder girdle. There was generalized tenderness about the shoulder and the proximal end of the humerus and exquisite pain on any attempt at movement of the shoulder. The skin was intact. There was no neurologic or vascular deficit. Elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand function were normal. There was no evidence of other injury. X-ray films (Fig 1 and 2) were obtained which revealed a fracture through the proximal humeral metaphysis with lateral displacement of the distal fragment and overriding. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Schneider: Fractures of the proximal end of the humeral shaft in children are relatively uncommon.<sup>1</sup>
Acute bronchial obstruction following esophageal stent implantation for variceal bleeding
Authors: A. Dechene, M. Adamzik, G. Gerken, A. Canbay
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 59-year-old man with hilar cholangiocarcinoma and subsequent thrombosis of the intrahepatic portal vein presented with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed acute bleeding from distal esophageal grade III varices ([Fig. 1 a]).
Histopathology of Heart Block Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: DAVID HUNT, J. T. LIE, JITU VOHRA, GRAEME SLOMAN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Histopathological studies of the conduction system were related to His bundle electrogram recordings in seven patients with acute myocardial infarction and atrioventricular (A-V) conduction disturbances. The three patients with inferior infarctions had normal width QRS complexes and delay or block of the impulses above the His bundle. Recent ischemic changes were present in the A-V node in two cases and in the distal conduction system in all three cases. In the four patients with antero-septal infarction and right bundle branch block (RBBB), either the H-V interval was prolonged or block was present below the H spike. The A-H interval was normal in each of these cases, and the A-V node was not affected by the recent infarction. The right bundle branch was involved in all four of these cases and two patients also had involvement of the left bundle branch. In general there was a good correlation between the sites of heart block as defined by the His bundle electrogram and the histopathological analysis of the cardiac conduction system.
Protein macromonomers containing reduction-sensitive linkers for covalent immobilization and glutathione triggered release from dextran hydrogels
Authors: Ellen Verheyen, Steffen van der Wal, Hendrik Deschout, Kevin Braeckmans, Stefaan de Smedt, Arjan Barendregt, Wim E. Hennink, Cornelus F. van Nostrum
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Outbreak of Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever in Spokane County, Washington
Authors: Robert S. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To our knowledge, the largest outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever yet reported from the western hemisphere occurred in 1968 in Washington. Of 42 boy scouts and scoutmasters who camped out in March 1968 on Browne Mountain near Spokane, 11 contracted relapsing fever. Ten of 20 persons spending at least one night in old, rodent-infested cabins, and one of 22 scouts who tent-camped became ill. The diagnosis was based on the clinical manifestations, the epidemiological finding of high attack rates for persons sleeping in cabins, and the discovery of spirochetes in one patient's blood. Penicillins and tetracyclines used in treatment had no apparent effect on the course of the illness. Two of 18<i>Ornithodoros hermsi</i>ticks collected from one cabin were shown to be infected with spirochetes. Preliminary laboratory experiments suggest that chipmunks and pine squirrels are the reservoir for the disease at Browne Mountain.
Prevention of postischaemic ventricular fibrillation by long term beta adrenoceptor blockade with acebutolol in the anaesthetised dog
Authors: P. E PUDDU, R. JOUVE, F. LANGLET, J.-C. GUILLEN, M. FORNARIS, J. TORRESANI, A. REALE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Acute occlusions of the proximal left circumflex coronary arteriovenous pedicle were performed in open chest anaesthetised dogs. Twenty eight dogs were randomly allocated to receive acebutolol (3 mg·kg−1 twice daily) or placebo given blindly by mouth for five days; a control group of 14 dogs without any pretreatment underwent the same procedure. Coronary ligations in the randomised study were performed during seven consecutive days, and four dogs were operated on each day. This schedule was chosen in order to measure acebutolol plasma concentrations just before ligation from 60 to 540 min after the last dose of the drug. Long term oral treatment with acebutolol protected against postischaemic ventricular fibrillation and significantly reduced the incidence of both early phase (0-10 min postocclusion) ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation. As a result the outcome was significantly improved after 60 min of ischaemia in acebutolol compared with placebo treated animals. The results in the control animals were similar to those in the placebo treated dogs. The protective effect of long term oral treatment with acebutolol lasted for nine hours and was apparently independent of the plasma concentrations of the drug. These data show that improved outcome in this canine model is due to the prevention of ischaemia induced ventricular fibrillation by long term beta adrenoceptor blockade, which is able to overcome the effect, if any, of partial agonist activity of acebutolol. A direct myocardial anti-ischaemic effect might explain the effectiveness of long term oral treatment, which is independent of plasma concentrations of the drug.
Diet, Haemoglobin, and Blood Pressures of Olympic Athletes
Authors: W. T. C. Berry, J. B. Beveridge, E. R. Bransby, A. K. Chalmers, B. M. Needham, H. E. Magee, H. S. Townsend, C. G. Daubney
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Gastric 2 (2 9) 20 (26 0) 7 (5-8) 11 (5-3
Hypertrophied Right Hearts Get Two for the Price of One
Authors: David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (2007)

PDE5) was first discovered in the mid 1970s, not as a PDE but rather as a binding protein for cGMP. 1 Shortly thereafter, it became clear that this protein also had cGMP-selective PDE activity, and cGMP-binding to domains in the N-terminus (GAF domains) regulated its enzymatic activity. 2PDE5 gained more attention in the mid 1980s when its role in modulating vascular tone was revealed. 3Pharmacologists at Pfizer considered it a potential drug for hypertension or coronary heart disease, which led to the development of UK-92,480 (sildenafil), a selective and potent PDE5 inhibitor.Although the desired cardiovascular responses were unimpressive, the phase I studies revealed a now-famous side effect that was quite popular among the trial participants.This ultimately led to development of PDE5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. 46][7] Gene and protein PDE5 expression was low, and even whether the enzyme was in myocytes was controversial. 8Limited functional analysis obtained largely under rest conditions suggested negligible effects.
Use of Antagonists in Drug-Induced Coma
Authors: John Adriani
Journal: JAMA (1962)

COMAIS A STATE of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be aroused. The term drug-induced  is a rather broad one, since a comatose state may be a manifestation of the toxic effects of many types of drugs. Coma due to drugs may be primary, in which case the effect is directly on the nervous system, or secondary, in which case the effect is indirect. In the latter case, it may be a terminal manifestation of toxicity of a substance and may result from shock, destruction of tissues, renal or hepatic failure, and other such factors percipitated by a drug. Coma of this sort is apt to be irreversible and not amenable to treatment with antagonists or by removal of the offending agent.  Coma may also be caused by trauma, endogenous chemicals, and physical agents. This paper will be limited to coma due to drugs whose principal action is
Informing Patients About Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Michael J. Hubers
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As a practicing orthopedic surgeon with fellowship training in total joint reconstruction, I read with interest the Clinical Crossroads article<sup>1</sup>pertaining to total hip replacement. I deal with this scenario daily and concur completely with Dr Pottenger who was the peer reviewer for the case. The decision to proceed with surgery rests solely with the patient and is strictly a quality-of-life issue. To recommend surgery to this patient is basically "treating the x-ray" rather than listening to the patient. Pain eventually will lead her to have the surgery, but she is not ready for it at this time. We need to step back and think of the ramifications of the physician's perception that he or she always knows what is best for the patient. Complications can and do happen despite our best intentions.