tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SYMMETRICAL DISLOCATION OF BOTH LENSES UPWARD AND OUTWARD. CONGENITAL.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: LEWIS H. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<i>Mr. Chairman</i>:—I desire to present a short account of a case of lens dislocation, because of the unusual position of the lenses, and because of certain interesting statements by the mother of the patient as to the possible cause of the difficulty: James McC, age 20, came to me Dec. 16, 1892, to see if anything could be done for his eyes which had been bad since infancy. V., 0. D. 3-200; O.S, 1-200. His mother states that he has always had very poor vision and she thinks that this condition has existed from birth. He had rheumatism when 8 years old and has had heart trouble ever since. He now has marked valvular trouble with hypertrophy. The patient has a very peculiar, elongated face, with flattened nose. The ophthalmoscope shows both lenses symmetrically dislocated, upward and outward, about one-third of the diameter of each being visible beyond the pupillary
Changes in atopy over 25 years: Atopy now affects wider age range
Authors: Daniela Zauli, Roberta Bortolotti, Alberto Grassi, Donatella Tiberio, Francesco B Bianchi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—In the previous letter responding to the paper by Law et al on changes in atopy over time Linneberg asks whether the allergic epidemic has spread to old age.1 We recently tried to answer a similar question by retrospectively reviewing our patients' records, the results having been presented as an abstract at the last annual meeting of …
Variable stiffness colonoscope versus regular adult colonoscope: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: M. Othman, A. Bradley, A. Choudhary, R. Hoffman, P. Roy
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de M. O. Othman et al., pp. 17Endoscopy 2009; 41(01): 95-95DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306722
Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Amisha Wallia, Mark E. Molitch
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus are increasing.To review currently available insulin therapy, as well as evidence on the use, application, initiation, and intensification of insulin in the outpatient setting.Data sources included PubMed for trials and investigations in type 2 diabetes examining insulin use from January 1998 to April 2014.The hemoglobin A1c target for most patients with type 2 diabetes is 7% but needs to be modified when there is increased risk of hypoglycemia, reduced life expectancy, extensive comorbidities, or reduced resources. Insulin therapy may be considered early or late in the disease course; adverse effects include weight gain and hypoglycemia. Basal insulin can be added to oral hypoglycemic agents (generally stopping sulfonylureas) initially, and later, prandial insulin can be added in a stepwise fashion. Insulin treatment must be individualized, and there are a number of challenges to insulin initiation and intensification.Insulin can help achieve ideal hemoglobin A1c goals for patients with type 2 diabetes. Barriers such as adherence, patient preferences, clinician preferences, and resource allocation must be addressed.
SINGLE-CENTER EVALUATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND NON OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN THE REAL LIFE
Authors: Gaetano Maria De Ferrari, Sergio Leonardi, Lara Baduena, Alessandra Repetto, Enrico Chieffo, Angela Lesce, Maddalena Lettino, Mario Previtali
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Plasma antibodies to oral bacteria and risk of pancreatic cancer in a large European prospective cohort study
Authors: Dominique S Michaud, Jacques Izard, Charlotte S Wilhelm-Benartzi, Doo-Ho You, Verena A Grote, Anne Tjønneland, Christina C Dahm, Kim Overvad, Mazda Jenab, Veronika Fedirko, Marie Christine Boutron-Ruault, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Antoine Racine, Rudolf Kaaks, Heiner Boeing, Jana Foerster, Antonia Trichopoulou, Pagona Lagiou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Carlotta Sacerdote, Sabina Sieri, Domenico Palli, Rosario Tumino, Salvatore Panico, Peter D Siersema, Petra HM Peeters, Eiliv Lund, Aurelio Barricarte, José-María Huerta, Esther Molina-Montes, Miren Dorronsoro, J Ramón Quirós, Eric J Duell, Weimin Ye, Malin Sund, Björn Lindkvist, Dorthe Johansen, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nick Wareham, Ruth C Travis, Paolo Vineis, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Elio Riboli
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Examine the relationship between antibodies to 25 oral bacteria and pancreatic cancer risk in a prospective cohort study. <h3>Design</h3> We measured antibodies to oral bacteria in prediagnosis blood samples from 405 pancreatic cancer cases and 416 matched controls, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Analyses were conducted using conditional logistic regression and additionally adjusted for smoking status and body mass index. <h3>Results</h3> Individuals with high levels of antibodies against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> ATTC 53978, a pathogenic periodontal bacteria, had a twofold higher risk of pancreatic cancer than individuals with lower levels of these antibodies (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.36; &gt;200 ng/ml vs ≤200 ng/ml). To explore the association with commensal (non-pathogenic) oral bacteria, we performed a cluster analysis and identified two groups of individuals, based on their antibody profiles. A cluster with overall higher levels of antibodies had a 45% lower risk of pancreatic cancer than a cluster with overall lower levels of antibodies (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.83). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Periodontal disease might increase the risk for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, increased levels of antibodies against specific commensal oral bacteria, which can inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria, might reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. Studies are needed to determine whether oral bacteria have direct effects on pancreatic cancer pathogenesis or serve as markers of the immune response.
Improving academic leadership and oversight in large industry-sponsored clinical trials: the ARO-CRO model
Authors: Neil A. Goldenberg, Alex C. Spyropoulos, Jonathan L. Halperin, Craig M. Kessler, Sam Schulman, Alexander G. G. Turpie, Allan M. Skene, Neal R. Cutler, William R. Hiatt
Journal: Blood (2010)
SPECIALTIES AND SPECIALISTS.
Authors: JOSEPH ZEISLER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Specialism is a significant feature of our times and by no means confined to medicine.Few eminent lawyers undertake to practice all phases of jurisprudence; many devote their efforts to one distinct department only.Thus we have the criminal, the patent, the real-estate, the probate, the mercantile, the corporation, and, lastly, but not of the least interest to some physicians, the col- lection lawyer.Few painters have achieved world-wide fame unless by constant application to a single purpose.Rosa Bonheur and Verboeckhoven have never tired of depicting animals, the Barbizon school has revealed to us the beauties of rural life, Mezdag is known only by his marine pictures, Israel by his frugal interiors, Meissonier by his war scenes, Lenbach and Whistler by their realistic portraits, our own Innes by his inimit- able landscapes.In all domains of mental energy, in commerce and the industries, we find specialties.Who can wonder then that the phenomenal development of medicine during the past fifty years has of necessity led, not to its division into as many independent departments as there are different organs in the body, but- comparing it to a tree-to a healthy and strong development of all its branches to a degree where some of them, while still drawing their life-blood from the same old roots, and while still firmly attached to the same old trunk, have grown to imposing dimensions.Specialties in medicine are, therefore, not the arbitrary, capricious, artificial products of the respective specialists, but the legitimate result of increased medical knowledge, the inevitable and irrepressible consequence of evolution.Some specialties have long ago reached their age of maturity and few of you will question their standing and title to-day.In the majority of good medical schools, here and abroad, there have been for a long time separate
COLPOPERINEORRHAPHY AND THE STRUCTURES INVOLVED.
Authors: BYRON ROBINSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The vaginal portion is endowed with considerable strength and it becomes blended with and is lost on the vaginal wall. The rectal portion of the levator ani fascia superior passes to the rectal wall, becoming continuous with the fibers and blending with it. There is a strong fillet passing between the rectal and vaginal canal. The part of this fascia which passes to the rectal wall, has been termed the ligament of the rectum. This fascia forms a strong support to the muscular wall of the rectum. It is not an argument very rich in facts to say that the perineal body is to fill in the space in that region. It serves as an attachment for one end of the levator ani muscle. A subject which I have not found mentioned in the books is that in many parts the fascia of the pelvis consists of many distinctly defined
Abstract 2348: Suppression of metastasis of intratesticular inoculation of B16FO melanoma cells by a novel nutrient mixture in male athymic nude mice
Authors: M. Waheed Roomi, Nusrath W. Roomi, Matthias Rath, Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Testicular cancer (TC) is rare, but still represents one of the most common diseases in young men between the ages of 20-45. However, men of any age can develop this disease. The incidence in Caucasians is greater than in African Americans. Risk factors include undescended testis, Klinefelter syndrome, and HIV positive patients. If left untreated, it is almost certainly fatal. Metastasis is the major cause of cancer death. The most common place for TC to spread in the body is to the lung. In this investigation, we studied the effect of a novel nutrient mixture (NM) containing ascorbic acid, amino acids and green tea extract that has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer activity, on inhibition of B16FO melanoma cells inoculated intratesticularly. Male athymic mice (n=12), 10-12 weeks of age, were inoculated with half a million B16FO melanoma cells in 100 µL of PBS into the right testis; the left testis was left untreated. After inoculation, the mice were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n=6) was fed a regular mouse chow diet, while the mice in Group B (n=6) were fed the same diet but supplemented with 0.5% NM. Four weeks later the mice were sacrificed and the abdominal cavity was opened. Mice in the control group (Group A) exhibited extensive metastasis in the peritoneal cavity, which was totally masked by B16FO melanoma cells. The testis was severely enlarged and replaced by invading malignant melanoma cells. The remaining testicular tissue was represented by necrotic seminiferous tubules. The capsular region of the testis was severely infiltrated with a population of mixed cells. In contrast, in the NM fed group (Group B), there was no evidence of peritoneal metastasis, but the testes were enlarged. Seminiferous tubules in the area of invasion showed evidence of degeneration. In all groups, there was no metastasis to liver, kidney and spleen. However, severe lung metastasis was observed in the control group (2 out of 6) and mild in the test group (2 out of 6). In conclusion, these results suggest that NM has potential to suppress tumor metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2348. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2348
Endotoxaemia and renal failure in cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice.
Authors: S P Wilkinson, H Moodie, J D Stamatakis, V V Kakkar, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1976)

An investigation into the possible role of endotoxins in the pathogenesis of renal failure in cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice showed the two to be closely related. None of the patients with cirrhosis who had endotoxaemia had other evidence of Gram-negative infection at the time of the study, and the endotoxaemia was therefore probably due to impaired hepatic clearance of toxins normally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, bacteriological evidence of Gram-negative infection was found in most of the patients with obstructive jaundice and endotoxaemia.
Carbachol and its Antidote
Authors: J. H. Burn
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The tumor suppressor p53 triggers senescence in response to oncogenic stress in primary cells. However, the mechanisms by which tumor cells retaining p53 bypass senescence are not fully understood. Here we report that p53 cytostatic activity is inhibited in tumor cells by the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of its mRNA, without altering p53 levels. 3’UTR inhibition requires a long U-rich element (URE) and its binding protein, HuR. The 3’UTR excluded <i>TP53</i> mRNAs from a perinuclear compartment containing the CK2 kinase, suppressing p53 phosphorylation on an activating CK2 site, Ser392. In primary cells undergoing oncogene-induced senescence and tumor cells treated with genotoxic agents, <i>TP53</i> mRNAs became concentrated in the perinuclear cytoplasm, coinciding with p53 phosphorylation and activation by CK2. In both cases, perinuclear re-localization of <i>TP53</i> transcripts required AMPK<i>α</i>2-dependent HuR nuclear translocation. ATM kinase activity was essential for DNA damage-induced spatial reprogramming of <i>TP53</i> mRNAs, likely through phosphorylation and inactivation of MDM2. MDM2 was required for peripheral localization of <i>TP53</i> transcripts and negatively regulated levels of the AMPK<i>α</i>2 activating kinase, CaMKK<i>β</i>. Our findings reveal a critical role for 3’UTR sequences in suppressing p53 protein activity and provide a new mechanistic framework for p53 activation by DNA damaging agents.
Do asthmatics suffer bronchoconstriction during rapid eye movement sleep?
Authors: C M Shapiro, J R Catterall, I Montgomery, G M Raab, N J Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Many patients with asthma are troubled by nocturnal wheeze. The cause of this symptom is unknown, but sleep is an important factor. A study was carried out to determine whether nocturnal bronchoconstriction is related to any specific stage of sleep. Eight asthmatics with nocturnal wheeze and eight control subjects performed forced expiratory manoeuvres immediately after being woken from rapid eye movement (REM) or non-REM sleep, wakings being timed to differentiate temporal effects from those related to the stage of sleep. The control subjects showed no significant temporal bronchoconstriction or bronchoconstriction related to the stage of sleep. All patients showed bronchoconstriction overnight, the mean peak expiratory flow rate falling from 410 (SEM 50) 1/min before sleep to 186 (49)1/min after sleep. After the patients had been woken from REM sleep the forced expiratory volume in one second was on average 300 ml lower (p less than 0.02) and peak expiratory flow rate 45 1/min lower (p less than 0.03) than after they had been woken from non-REM sleep. As wakenings from REM sleep were 21(8) minutes later in the night than those from non-REM sleep multivariate analysis was performed to differentiate temporal effects from those related to the stage of sleep. This showed that the overnight decreases in forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate were significantly related both to time and to REM sleep. This study suggests that asthmatics may suffer bronchoconstriction during REM sleep.
A Multivariate Logistic Regression Equation to Screen for Diabetes
Authors: Bahman P. Tabaei, William H. Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Results from a population-based survey Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic proficiency of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-III definitions (1,2) for the metabolic syndrome in a Mexican nationwide, population-based survey.Details of the sampling procedures have been previously described (3).The population was composed of 2,158 men and women aged 20 -69 years sampled after a 9-to 12-h fasting period.For the WHO criteria, insulin resistance was diagnosed if a nondiabetic case had fasting insulin concentrations Ն126 pmol/l (21 U/ml) (Ͼ75th percentile in Mexican adults).The ageadjusted prevalence was 13.61% for the WHO criteria (n ϭ 268) and 26.6% for the NCEP-III definition (n ϭ 574).After excluding patients with diabetes, the prevalence was 9.2 and 21.4%, respectively.The agreement between the definitions was assessed in 1,969 subjects; 189 cases were eliminated due to the lack of a urine sample.The number of abnormal cases was lower using the WHO criteria.Only 237 of the 545 subjects (43.4%) who fulfilled the NCEP criteria were diagnosed as affected using the WHO definition.Just 16 of 253 cases (6.3%) detected by the WHO definition did not fulfill the NCEP definition.The agreement between the criteria was moderate ( ϭ 0.507).On the other hand, the subjects diagnosed using the WHO recommendations had a worse profile than the cases detected by the NCEP-III definition only-they had a higher BMI and higher non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations.The demonstration of insulin resistance among the nondiabetic population caused the lack of agreement in 202 of the 242 cases that fulfilled the NCEP definition but failed the WHO criteria.Other reasons for disparity were the higher thresholds used by the WHO criteria; these differences explained the lack of agreement in 66 of the 152 cases with diabetes.In conclusion, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is influenced by the selection of the diagnostic criteria.The WHO criteria identified a lower number of cases than the NCEP-III definition.These differences were explained mainly by the inclusion of abnormally high insulin concentrations as a diagnostic criterion.However, the presence of insulin resistance may help to identify patients more severely affected (4).
Transballoon Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging During Balloon Angioplasty in Animal Models With Coarctation and Branch Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: John H. Stock, Mark D. Reller, Sanjeev Sharma, Dusan Pavcnik, Takahiro Shiota, David J. Sahn
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies performed after balloon dilation provide a method for evaluating the adequacy of angioplasty and the nature of associated changes in vessel walls. Previously, IVUS studies required the use of separate scanning catheters inserted independently before and after balloon angioplasty. We tested a 0.035-in, 30-MHz IVUS transducer wire that images from within commercially available 5F balloon dilation catheters. Methods and Results Seven stenoses were created in the left pulmonary artery (n=3) and in the aortic isthmus (n=4) in six lambs (weight, 3.4 to 12.5 kg). The balloon catheter selected was advanced across the stenotic area and the IVUS wire advanced in the guide lumen to the center of the balloon. Continuous IVUS images were obtained through balloons before, during, and after dilation. Transballoon imaging confirmed balloon location within the stenotic segment. Luminal diameters of stenotic and adjacent vessel segments before and after angioplasty by IVUS showed good correlation with angiographic measurements ( r =.93, P ≤.001). After successful dilation, imaging during deflation allowed the assessment of vascular elastic recoil, mural dissection, and luminal size without requiring changes in balloon position. Repeat dilation could be undertaken and the inflation pressure and technique modified on the basis of the observed results. Conclusions This transballoon IVUS system provides important on-line information about lumen diameter and wall structure for evaluation of angioplasty without the need for catheter changes, providing a method to possibly reduce the likelihood of excessive wall damage and to potentially reduce the number of angiograms required to accomplish and confirm results.
SECTION OF OPHTHALMOLOGY.RECORD OF THE MEETINGS.
Authors: Leartus Connor
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The sessions of this Section were held in the afternoon of May 5th, 6th and 7th, in the Medical Department of Georgetown University. The chairman opened the first meeting with an address which contained very valuable suggestions in regard to promoting the interests of the Section. After the reading of this paper, upon motion, a committee of three was appointed to consider the suggestions in the Chairman's Address; the Chairman to be one of the committee. The committee, consisting of Drs. Geo. E. Frothingham, Edward Jackson and Leartus Connor, reported on the second day as follows: Gentlemen of the Ophthalmological Section, American Medical Association: Your Committee, to whom was referred the Chairman's Address, begs leave to report upon his suggestions, by recommending the Section to adopt the following: First, That the Section appoint an Executive Committee of three, whose general duties shall be to look after all matters pertaining to
Toward a More Stable Blood Supply: Charitable Incentives, Donation Rates, and the Experience of September 11
Authors: Reuben G. Sass
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Although excess blood collection has characterized U.S. national disasters, most dramatically in the case of September 11, periodic shortages of blood have recurred for decades. In response, I propose a new model of medical philanthropy, one that specifically uses charitable contributions to health care as blood donation incentives. I explain how the surge in blood donations following 9/11 was both transient and disaster-specific, failing to foster a greater continuing commitment to donate blood. This underscores the importance of considering blood donation incentives. I defend charitable incentives as an alternative to financial incentives, which I contend would further extend neoliberal market values into health care. I explain my model's potential appeal to private foundations or public-private partnerships as a means for expanding both the pool of blood donors and the prosocial benefit of each act of blood donation. Finally I link my analysis to the empirical literature on blood donation incentives.
CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS: IMPACT OF SUCCESSFUL AND FAILED RECANALIZATION ON SHORT AND LONG–TERM SURVIVAL
Authors: Mahboob Alam, Khaleeq H. Siddiqui, Salman Bandeali, Salim Virani, Hani Jneid, Rajiv Goswami, Christie Ballantyne, Neal Kleiman, Nasser Lakkis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Percutaneous Transcystic Cholangioscopy for Combined Treatment of Gallbladder and Bile Duct Stones
Authors: Y. H. Yeh, M. H. Hwang, J. C. Yang, L. R. Mo, K. D. Lin, J. Lin, S. K. Yeuh
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

A procedure for percutaneous transcystic cholangioscopy requiring only one percutaneous transhepatic fistulous tract to remove stones located in both the gallbladder and bile ducts is described. The procedure begins with percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the gallbladder or bile duct. Stones in the gallbladder and bile duct can be removed under direct vision on transhepatic cholangioscopy. Larger stones can be fragmented by electrohydraulic lithotripsy before removal. In a preliminary trial the procedure proved to be a feasible method for treatment of 13 patients with both gallbladder and bile duct stones as well as septic cholangitis who either refused operation or were considered poor candidates for surgery. On long-term follow-up (mean period 28 months) stone recurrence was observed in three patients.