tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Respiratory Failure-Reply
Authors: Jon K. Newsum
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In Reply.—  The use of negative-pressure breathing devices has declined since the advent of reliable positive-pressure breathing machines. However, there certainly are clinical situations in which devices such as the iron lung, cuirass respirator, or rocking bed might be indicated.  Caution must be exercised when using these devices just as with any other treatment regimen. Secretions or upper airway obstruction can be a serious problem in patients with swallowing difficulties. If the disease process involves the cranial nerves and muscles concerned with deglutition and phonation, then these types of respirators would be contraindicated in the absence of a protected airway until sufficient function had returned for the patient to protect his own airway. Gastrointestinal function should be intact, as aspiration of stomach contents can be disastrous in paralyzed patients. Also, nursing care, so important to the well-being of these patients, can be compromised when more cumbersome breathing devices are used.
The world's most neglected diseases
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Infectious diseases can be considered “neglected” when there is a lack of effective, affordable, or easy to use drug treatments. As most patients with such diseases live in developing countries and are too poor to pay for drugs, the pharmaceutical industry has traditionally ignored these diseases. Over the past decade, however, the public sector, by creating favourable marketing conditions, has persuaded industry to enter into public-private partnerships to tackle neglected diseases such as malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis. Yet some infectious diseases—the world's “most neglected” diseases—are still being ignored not just by the pharmaceutical industry but also by public-private partnerships.

Why have these partnerships ignored the most neglected diseases, such as kala-azar, Chagas' disease, and sleeping sickness? This question was explored at a recent meeting in New York, organised by Medecins sans Frontieres.1 The answer lies in the social contract that exists between the public and private sectors.

The public sector has decided to make it public policy to leave drug development in the hands of the pharmaceutical industry. This industry in turn invests almost exclusively in developing drugs that are likely to be marketable and profitable—drugs for conditions such as pain, cancer, heart disease, and baldness. Public policies, such as tax incentives and …
Abstract P3-04-08: A proteo-probe for nucleotide excision repair in breast cancers
Authors: M Dreze, AS Calkins, DJ Echelman, MR Schnorenberg, GL Fell, DE Fisher, JD Iglehart, J-B Lazaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The response of tumor cells to DNA damaging agents is often compromised, a weakness readily exploited for therapeutic purposes. Despite the general use of genotoxic treatments, the nature and extent of DNA damage in tumor cells is generally under-investigated, or remains unknown. We postulate DNA repair deficient breast tumor cells exhibit significantly more DNA damage after genotoxic treatments, compared to repair proficient cells. We present a technology to detect specific DNA damage and monitor repair as a basis to categorize cancers into homogenous groups of malignancies. We rely on the use of biochemically purified DNA damage recognition complexes as ready-to-use reagents, or “proteo-probes” for DNA damage. We developed a proteo-probe based on a purified DDB2 protein complex. DDB2 is a DNA damage recognition protein part of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) that recognizes and repairs bulky DNA adducts caused for example by UV irradiation or cisplatin. We show the DDB2 proteo-probe binds to nuclei of UV-irradiated cells. We followed the DDB2 proteo-probe signal over time, and observed a decrease concordant with the completion of NER. We then successfully distinguished repair proficient cells from genetically characterized NER-deficient cells obtained from patients. We conclude the DDB2 proteo-probe can be used to detect activation of NER by UV-induced DNA damage, and subsequent repair in situ. It has been proposed that some breast cancers carry NER deficiencies. We screened a panel of cancer cell lines using the DDB2 proteo-probe and discovered obvious NER deficient (NER-D) cell lines. In addition, we correlated NER activity with cisplatin sensitivity. We further determined whether NER deficiency in breast cancer cell lines was caused by loss-of-function of NER genes through complementation. The classification of breast cancer cell lines based on NER activity presented here suggests more investigation is needed about NER in breast cancers. Ultimately, we envision NER deficiencies could be used to select breast cancer patients for DNA-repair targeted therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-04-08.
Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: immune and respiratory systems work group summary.
Authors: R R Dietert, R A Etzel, D Chen, M Halonen, S D Holladay, A M Jarabek, K Landreth, D B Peden, K Pinkerton, R J Smialowicz, T Zoetis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Fetuses, infants, and juveniles (preadults) should not be considered simply "small adults" when it comes to toxicological risk. We present specific examples of developmental toxicants that are more toxic to children than to adults, focusing on effects on the immune and respiratory systems. We describe differences in both the pharmacokinetics of the developing immune and respiratory systems as well as changes in target organ sensitivities to toxicants. Differential windows of vulnerability during development are identified in the context of available animal models. We provide specific approaches to directly investigate differential windows of vulnerability. These approaches are based on fundamental developmental biology and the existence of discrete developmental processes within the immune and respiratory systems. The processes are likely to influence differential developmental susceptibility to toxicants, resulting in lifelong toxicological changes. We also provide a template for comparative research. Finally, we discuss the application of these data to risk assessment.
Common Heroes: Facing a Life Threatening Illness
Authors: John D. Stoeckle
Journal: JAMA (1990)

With this book Eric Blau, photographer and physician, becomes a clinical chronicler. Common Heroes is both photographs and narrative text—a portrait album of 36 patients (though not the author's), each with a text that reports what patients told the author about  a life-threatening illness. Taken out of bed (except for two) and away from the hospital and office, these home portraits are printed alongside verbatim responses to Blau's questions: What's your illness been like? Could you tell me how you feel about facing death? His questions, of course, may have been more nondirective, but the patients here speak movingly about these themes in a page or two, sometimes in but a paragraph or just a sentence.  Many comment disparagingly on how their doctor imparted the bad news; others on the difficulty of talking about their illness (not alone facing death) with family members and friends, despite their devoted attention.
A STUDY OF LIGHT WAVES IN THEIR RELATION TO RICKETS
Authors: ALFRED F. HESS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Recent investigation has established the fact that white rats can be regularly protected against rickets by means of sunlight or artificial rays produced by the mercury vapor quartz or the carbon arc lamp.<sup>1</sup>All these sources of light emit not only visible radiation, but also ultraviolet rays of various wave lengths. In a previous paper, Hess, Unger and Pappenheimer drew attention to the fact that rats which were confined in an enclosure of ordinary window glass (3 mm. thick) failed to be protected by sunlight, as by this procedure the effective rays were filtered out of the spectrum. In a subsequent paper,<sup>2</sup>it was shown that a filter of ordinary window glass (Corning), which transmitted ultraviolet waves as short as 334 millimicrons, intercepted the effective rays from the mercury vapor lamp, indicating that not all ultraviolet rays possess this property, but that it is associated only with waves
LRP in Alzheimer’s disease: friend or foe?
Authors: Paula G. Ulery, Dudley K. Strickland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of senile dementia.The brains of AD patients show two major pathological hallmarks: amyloid or senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs).While NFTs are bundles of protein filaments found in the cytoplasm of neurons, SPs are extracellular aggregates of insoluble protein fibrils.The major component of SPs is a small, hydrophobic peptide termed amyloid β peptide (Aβ), which is derived from a ubiquitous type I transmembrane protein of unknown function named amyloid precursor protein (APP) (1).
Safety and Tolerability Of An Intravenously Administered Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor (A1PI) At An Increased Infusion Rate: A Randomized, Rate Control, Placebo-Masked, Crossover Study In Healthy Adults
Authors: Adam Haeberle, Leock Ngo, Neil Inhaber, David Gelmont, Leman Yel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Functional Magnetic Stimulation of the Abdominal Muscles in Humans
Authors: MICHAEL I. POLKEY, YUANMING LUO, RANDEEP GULERIA, CARL-HUGO HAMNEG ÅRD, MALCOLM GREEN, JOHN MOXHAM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) of the thoracic nerve roots to simulate cough has been suggested as a treatment approach in patients unable to voluntarily activate the abdominal muscles. However, factors that could influence the efficacy of FMS in clinical use have not been evaluated. In the present investigation we studied train length, posture, and frequency to determine the optimal stimulation protocol. We also evaluated the use of a valve at the mouth to enhance glottic function and investigated whether lung volume at the time of stimulation would influence the tension generated by the abdominal muscles. Studies were performed using a Magstim rapid stimulator augmented by four booster packs in nine healthy subjects; we measured the change in gastric ( Δ PgaFMS), esophageal ( Δ PesFMS), and mouth pressure and expiratory flow. With our apparatus pressure generation was maximized by having a train length of at least 300 ms and a frequency of 25 Hz. Posture and valve use were not important determinants of Δ PgaFMS or Δ PesFMS. Lung volume exerted only a minor influence on Δ PgaFMS, but the ratio Δ PesFMS: Δ PgaFMS was increased at TLC compared with FRC. Expiratory flow was increased by adopting a seated posture and using an occlusion valve with an opening threshold close to the maximum Δ PesFMS generated by the stimulus train; however, expiratory flow was susceptible to interference from glottic incoordination. Representative results (with train length 600 ms, 25 Hz, and 100% power, seated) were mean Δ PgaFMS, 166 cm H2O; mean Δ PesFMS, 108 cm H2O; and mean expiratory flow, 311 L/min. We confirm that FMS of the abdominal muscles can generate a substantial positive intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure and, consequently, expiratory flow in normal subjects.
Potential Implications of Coronary Artery Calcium Testing for Guiding Aspirin Use Among Asymptomatic Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Michael Gordon Silverman, Michael J. Blaha, Matthew J. Budoff, Juan J. Rivera, Paolo Raggi, Leslee J. Shaw, Daniel Berman, Tracy Callister, John A. Rumberger, Jamal S. Rana, Roger S. Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

It is unclear whether coronary artery calcium (CAC) is effective for risk stratifying patients with diabetes in whom treatment decisions are uncertain.Of 44,052 asymptomatic individuals referred for CAC testing, we studied 2,384 individuals with diabetes. Subjects were followed for a mean of 5.6 ± 2.6 years for the end point of all-cause mortality.There were 162 deaths (6.8%) in the population. CAC was a strong predictor of mortality across age-groups (age <50, 50-59, ≥60), sex, and risk factor burden (0 vs. ≥1 additional risk factor). In individuals without a clear indication for aspirin per current guidelines, CAC stratified risk, identifying patients above and below the 10% risk threshold of presumed aspirin benefit.CAC can help risk stratify individuals with diabetes and may aid in selection of patients who may benefit from therapies such as low-dose aspirin for primary prevention.
Doctors of the future: My job in 2020
Authors: A. Conner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Until recently, dietary fat was considered to be tasteless, and its primary sensory attribute was believed to be its texture (Rolls et al., 1999; Verhagen et al., 2003). However, a number of studies have demonstrated the ability of components in fats, specifically free fatty acids, to activate taste cells and elicit behavioral responses consistent with there being a taste of fat. Here we show for the first time that long-chain unsaturated free fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), depolarizes mouse taste cells and elicits a robust intracellular calcium rise via the activation of transient receptor potential channel type M5 (TRPM5). The LA-induced responses depend on G-protein-phospholipase C pathway, indicative of the involvement of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the transduction of fatty acids. Mice lacking TRPM5 channels exhibit no preference for and show reduced sensitivity to LA. Together, these studies show that TRPM5 channels play an essential role in fatty acid transduction in mouse taste cells and suggest that fatty acids are capable of activating taste cells in a manner consistent with other GPCR-mediated tastes.
Factor VIII Antibodies Developing after a Spider Bite
Authors: Julio Hajdenberg, Jeffrey Davis, Roberto Arevalo Araujo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters18 April 2000Factor VIII Antibodies Developing after a Spider BiteJulio Hajdenberg, MD, Jeffrey Davis, MD, and Roberto Arevalo AraujoJulio Hajdenberg, MDHelen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Hajdenberg)Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Davis)Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Araujo)Search for more papers by this author, Jeffrey Davis, MDHelen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Hajdenberg)Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Davis)Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Araujo)Search for more papers by this author, and Roberto Arevalo AraujoHelen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Hajdenberg)Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Davis)Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Araujo)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Spontaneously acquired factor VIII inhibitor antibodies have been described in autoimmune diseases, lymphoid neoplasms, solid tumors, and puerperium (1). We report a case in which this inhibitor developed as a sequela of arachnidism.A 72-year-old man presented to a local hospital 7 days after being bitten by a brown recluse spider. After debridement of a large eschar of his lower extremity (2), he was readmitted with worsening swelling and ecchymosis. He had an elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (47 seconds), with a normal prothrombin time, fibrinogen level, d-dimer level, and platelet count. The factor VIII level was ...References1. Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder V, Salzman E. Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. 3d ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott; 1994:882-4. Google Scholar2. Goddard J. Physicians' Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Pr; 1993. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Hajdenberg)Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Davis)Helen Ellis Memorial Hospital; Tarpon Springs, FL 34689 (Araujo) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited By“Spider Bite” Lesions are Usually Diagnosed as Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections 18 April 2000Volume 132, Issue 8Page: 677-678KeywordsAntibodiesAntigensB cellsPartial thromboplastin timePlateletsProthrombin timeSerum proteinsSurgeryType 2 diabetesVenoms Issue Published: 18 April 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Changing types of nephritogenic streptococci in Trinidad
Authors: Elizabeth V. Potter, Jesse S. Ortiz, A. Richey Sharrett, Emma G. Burt, Juanita P. Bray, John F. Finklea, Theo Poon-King, David P. Earle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The relation of seven different M types of streptococci to acute glomerulonephritis associated with skin lesions in South Trinidad has been studied by means of type-specific antibody assays as well as by isolation and identification of the strains. The data indicate that, one after another, five of these strains have prevailed among patients with acute glomerulonephritis during the past five years. At least three of the strains (M-types 55, 49, 57, and/or 60) were associated with epidemic increases in nephritis cases. The appearance of five consecutively predominant types of nephritogenic streptococci during a relatively short period of time is in contrast to the continuing prevalence of M-type 12 strains among nephritogenic streptococci primarily associated with respiratory infections in temperate zones. These observations suggest that the skin sores commonly found on children in tropical Trinidad, provide a particularly suitable environment for development of nephritogenic types. It remains to be seen whether these types will recur or whether new types will continue to emerge in Trinidad.
Magnetic resonance imaging: a new tool in the diagnosis of tumours of the nail apparatus
Authors: S. GOETTMANN, J. L. DRAPE, I. IDY-PERETTI, J. BITTOUN, P. THELEN, L. ARRIVE, S. BELAICH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Tumours of the nail apparatus are often the subject of diagnostic dilemma. Until now, no reliable imaging methods have been available to assess these lesions correctly. We report the results of high and very high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which have been correlated with the anatomical findings in 14 cases of nail apparatus pathology, and discuss the possible contribution of MRI to diagnosis. With very high-resolution MRI, accurate analysis of the anatomy of the nail apparatus is possible, and lesions as small as 1 mm can be detected. An expansive process can be excluded when results are negative. Glomus tumour, mucoid pseudocyst, fibrokeratoma, and exostosis can be differentiated because of their different MRI characteristics. This is of importance when the exact nature of a subungual tumour cannot be determined by clinical findings alone. Measurement, determination of the exact localization of the tumour, and the study of its relationship to the other structures, can provide guidance for subsequent surgical procedures. MRI is reliable and accurate in the delineation of lesions, and provides a new tool for the investigation of pathology of the nail apparatus.
Tympanic-Membrane Perforation as a Marker of Concussive Brain Injury in Iraq
Authors: Michael S. Xydakis, Vikhyat S. Bebarta, Corey D. Harrison, Jonathan C. Conner, Gerald A. Grant, Anthony S. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

CI, 1.42 to 5.72) in the third quartile, and 4.47 (95% CI, 2.30 to 8.72) in the fourth quartile, as compared with the lowest quartile (Fig. 1).The subgroup with NT-proBNP measurements was not large enough to determine whether there was any interaction with the effects of perindopril.Future clinical trials assessing mortality and morbidity in such patients should consider the use of NT-proBNP levels to guide the selection of patients, which would allow for the recruitment of patients with coexisting noncardiac illnesses but with a high risk of cardiovascular events and for the exclusion of low-risk patients who have little to gain from treatment.
A National Study of Chronic Disease Prevalence and Access to Care in Uninsured U.S. Adults
Authors: Andrew P. Wilper, Steffie Woolhandler, Karen E. Lasser, Danny McCormick, David H. Bor, David U. Himmelstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

No recent national studies have assessed chronic illness prevalence or access to care among persons without insurance in the United States.To compare reports of chronic conditions and access to care among U.S. adults, by self-reported insurance status.Population-based survey.National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (1999-2004).12,486 patients age 18 to 64 years.Estimates of national rates of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, active asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous cancer, and measures of access to care.On the basis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) responses, an estimated 11.4 million (95% CI, 9.8 million to 13.0 million) working-age Americans with chronic conditions were uninsured, including 16.1% (CI, 12.6% to 19.6%) of the 7.8 million with cardiovascular disease, 15.5% (CI, 13.4% to 17.6%) of the 38.2 million with hypertension, and 16.6% (CI, 13.2% to 20.0%) of the 8.5 million with diabetes. After the authors controlled for age, sex, and race or ethnicity, chronically ill patients without insurance were more likely than those with coverage to have not visited a health professional (22.6% vs. 6.2%) and to not have a standard site for care (26.1% vs. 6.2%) but more likely to identify their standard site for care as an emergency department (7.1% vs. 1.1%) (P <0.001 for all comparisons).The study was cross-sectional and used self-reported insurance and disease status.Millions of U.S. working-age adults with chronic conditions do not have insurance and have poorer access to medical care than their insured counterparts.
Acute and Late Outcomes of Unprotected Left Main Stenting in Comparison With Surgical Revascularization
Authors: Pawel E. Buszman, Stefan R. Kiesz, Andrzej Bochenek, Ewa Peszek-Przybyla, Iwona Szkrobka, Marcin Debinski, Bozena Bialkowska, Dariusz Dudek, Agata Gruszka, Aleksander Zurakowski, Krzysztof Milewski, Miroslaw Wilczynski, Lukasz Rzeszutko, Piotr Buszman, Jan Szymszal, Jack L. Martin, Michal Tendera
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Alarming Reaction After Intravenous Administration of 30 ml of Epinephrine
Authors: Harold S. Novey
Journal: JAMA (1969)

An opportunity arose to observe the effects of a large intravenous dose of a potent pharmacologic agent in man when a patient accidentally received 30 ml of epinephrine, a 1:1,000 solution, or 30 mg, within one minute. Administration of more than 1 mg intravenously has not been previously reported. Although the patient experienced hypertension, pulmonary edema, hematemesis, shock, and renal shutdown, he survived. The most damaging effect of the massive dose of epinephrine given intravenously was renal insufficiency. The physician's failure to examine the container of the drug which he administered was responsible for the accident.
NO LEGACY EFFECT OF SIX MONTHS&amp;apos; TREATMENT OF CILOSTAZOL ON THE LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION: 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE CILON-T TRIAL
Authors: Hack-Lyoung Kim, Jung-Won Suh, Seng-Pyo Lee, Ii-Young Oh, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Young-Seok Cho, Tae-Jin Youn, In-Ho Chae, Dong-Ju Choi, Taek-Geun Kwon, Jang-Ho Bae, Seung-Woon Rha, Jang-Whan Bae, Myoung-Chan Cho, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)