tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Physician of Tomorrow
Authors: Sherman M. Mellinkoff
Journal: JAMA (1977)

EVERYONE knows that today's medical dean cannot predict on any mid-morning what may happen by high noon. There may be new requirements for the latest health manpower bill, an unforeseen fiscal crisis, or a legislative inquiry into why medical schools do not have departments devoted to alcoholism. Thus, in undertaking to discuss "the physician of tomorrow," I was appropriately apprehensive. Colleagues sought to reassure me by pointing to the new wave of Delphic surveys, a technique devised by management consultants in which a group of concerned people individually record their reactions to a series of predictions and serially react to successive summaries of the group's collective vision of the future. For a while I felt better. But as I reviewed the history of the Delphic oracles, my insecurity returned. Aesop, you may recall, criticized his contemporary Oracle of Delphi. He asked why the oracles always answered the most important questions
Seven prostate cancer susceptibility loci identified by a multi-stage genome-wide association study
Authors: Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Ali Amin Al Olama, Graham G Giles, Gianluca Severi, Johanna Schleutker, Maren Weischer, Daniele Campa, Elio Riboli, Tim Key, Henrik Gronberg, David J Hunter, Peter Kraft, Michael J Thun, Sue Ingles, Stephen Chanock, Demetrius Albanes, Richard B Hayes, David E Neal, Freddie C Hamdy, Jenny L Donovan, Paul Pharoah, Fredrick Schumacher, Brian E Henderson, Janet L Stanford, Elaine A Ostrander, Karina Dalsgaard Sorensen, Thilo Dörk, Gerald Andriole, Joanne L Dickinson, Cezary Cybulski, Jan Lubinski, Amanda Spurdle, Judith A Clements, Suzanne Chambers, Joanne Aitken, R A Frank Gardiner, Stephen N Thibodeau, Dan Schaid, Esther M John, Christiane Maier, Walther Vogel, Kathleen A Cooney, Jong Y Park, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Hermann Brenner, Tomonori Habuchi, Hong-Wei Zhang, Yong-Jie Lu, Radka Kaneva, Ken Muir, Sara Benlloch, Daniel A Leongamornlert, Edward J Saunders, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Nadiya Mahmud, Michelle Guy, Lynne T O'Brien, Rosemary A Wilkinson, Amanda L Hall, Emma J Sawyer, Tokhir Dadaev, Jonathan Morrison, David P Dearnaley, Alan Horwich, Robert A Huddart, Vincent S Khoo, Christopher C Parker, Nicholas Van As, Christopher J Woodhouse, Alan Thompson, Tim Christmas, Chris Ogden, Colin S Cooper, Aritaya Lophatonanon, Melissa C Southey, John L Hopper, Dallas R English, Tiina Wahlfors, Teuvo L J Tammela, Peter Klarskov, Børge G Nordestgaard, M Andreas Røder, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Stig E Bojesen, Ruth Travis, Federico Canzian, Rudolf Kaaks, Fredrik Wiklund, Markus Aly, Sara Lindstrom, W Ryan Diver, Susan Gapstur, Mariana C Stern, Roman Corral, Jarmo Virtamo, Angela Cox, Christopher A Haiman, Loic Le Marchand, Liesel FitzGerald, Suzanne Kolb, Erika M Kwon, Danielle M Karyadi, Torben Falck Ørntoft, Michael Borre, Andreas Meyer, Jürgen Serth, Meredith Yeager, Sonja I Berndt, James R Marthick, Briony Patterson, Dominika Wokolorczyk, Jyotsna Batra, Felicity Lose, Shannon K McDonnell, Amit D Joshi, Ahva Shahabi, Antje E Rinckleb, Ana Ray, Thomas A Sellers, Hui-Yi Lin, Robert A Stephenson, James Farnham, Heiko Muller, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Norihiko Tsuchiya, Shintaro Narita, Guang-Wen Cao, Chavdar Slavov, Vanio Mitev, Douglas F Easton, Rosalind A Eeles
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Understanding and Using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Vocabulary to Perform Literature Searches
Authors: Henry J. Lowe
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The United States National Library of Medicine's (NLM) MEDLINE database is the largest and most widely used medical bibliographic database. MEDLINE is manually indexed with NLM's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary. Using MeSH, a searcher can potentially create powerful and unambiguous MEDLINE queries. This article reviews the structure and use of MeSH, directed toward the nonexpert, and outlines how MeSH may help resolve a number of common difficulties encountered when searching MEDLINE. The increasing importance of the MEDLINE database as an information resource and the trend toward individuals performing their own bibliographic searches makes it crucial that health care professionals become familiar with MeSH.
Abstract 4817: Using the Mendelian randomization approach to clarify the role of well-done meat and heterocyclic amine exposure in the etiology of colorectal polyps
Authors: Zhenming Fu, Martha J. Shrubsole, Guoliang Li, Qinyin Cai, Walter E. Smalley, David W. Hein, Zhi Chen, Yu Shyr, Reid Ness, Wei Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: High red meat intake and meat-derived mutagen heterocyclic amines (HCAs) exposure have been linked to the risk of colorectal polyps and cancer. HCAs are activated and detoxified by a group of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes. Internal exposure dose to these carcinogens is determined by both external exposure and genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding these enzymes, providing a unique opportunity to conduct a Mendelian randomization analysis to reduce bias associated with observational epidemiological studies. Methods: In a colonoscopy-based case-control study, we recruited 5,386 participants, including 2,057 patients with colorectal polyps, and 3,329 polyp-free controls. Twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed to construct a HCA metabolizing score. Data on dietary intake of meat by cooking methods and doneness level were obtained through telephone interviews to derive dietary HCA exposure level. Interactions between HCA metabolizing score and dietary exposure variables were evaluated using multivariate unconditional logistic regression models to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: HCA metabolizing score was unrelated to polyp risk among those with a low intake of total meat or red meat and low dietary HCA exposure. These dietary variables also tended to not be associated with polyp risk among those with a low HCA metabolizing score. Risks of polyps associated with meat intake and HCA exposure, however, were elevated among those with a high risk HCA metabolizing score. The interactions between dietary meat exposures and HCA metabolizing score were statistically significant for most of the analyses (P α0.05). Participants with the highest meat intake and HCA exposure level and a high risk HCA metabolizing score had a 30% to 40% elevated risk of developing any polyps and 60% to 80% elevated risk of developing advanced or multiple adenomas. Conclusions: Dietary meat intake and dietary exposure to HCAs is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal polyps, and this association is modified by genetic polymorphisms in HCA metabolizing enzymes. This study provides strong evidence supporting a causal role of HCA exposure in the etiology of colorectal tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4817. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4817
Disruption of autophagy by the histone deacetylase inhibitor MGCD0103 and its therapeutic implication in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: V El-Khoury, S Pierson, E Szwarcbart, N H C Brons, O Roland, S Cherrier-De Wilde, L Plawny, E Van Dyck, G Berchem
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

Evading apoptosis is a hallmark of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and an obstacle to current chemotherapeutic approaches. Inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) has emerged as a promising strategy to induce cell death in malignant cells. We have previously reported that the HDAC inhibitor MGCD0103 induces CLL cell death by activating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Here, we show that MGCD0103 decreases the autophagic flux in primary CLL cells. Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, together with the activation of caspases, and to a minor extent CAPN1, resulting in cleavage of autophagy components, were involved in MGCD0103-mediated inhibition of autophagy. In addition, MGCD0103 directly modulated the expression of critical autophagy genes at the transcriptional level that may contribute to autophagy impairment. Besides, we demonstrate that autophagy is a pro-survival mechanism in CLL whose disruption potentiates cell death induced by anticancer molecules including HDAC and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. In particular, our data highlight the therapeutic potential of MGCD0103 as not only an inducer of apoptosis but also an autophagy suppressor in both combination regimens with molecules like flavopiridol, known to induce protective autophagy in CLL cells, or as an alternative to circumvent undesired immunomodulatory effects seen in the clinic with conventional autophagy inhibitors.
Cataract and Diabetes
Authors: F. I. Caird, M. Hutchinson, A. Pirie
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Review of the literature reveals much confusion over the relation between cataract and diabetes in the older age-groups.Table I shows that in ophthalmoscopic surveys cataract has as often as not been found to be commoner in non-diabetics than in diabetics.Surveys of patients who have had a cataract extracted have, on the other hand, shown an overall proportion of diabetics that is higher than any reported percentage in a general population.TABLE I.-Previous Studies of the Relation Between Diabetes and Cataract (a) Author No. of Subjects Age Cataract (a) Ophthalmoscopic examination for cataract
Impact of functional tricuspid regurgitation on heart failure and death in patients with functional mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Eustachio Agricola, Stefano Stella, Mariangela Gullace, Giacomo Ingallina, Rossella D'Amato, Massimo Slavich, Michele Oppizzi, Marco Bruno Ancona, Alberto Margonato
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Targeting RNA Foci in iPSC-Derived Motor Neurons from ALS Patients with a <i>C9ORF72</i> Repeat Expansion
Authors: Dhruv Sareen, Jacqueline G. O’Rourke, Pratap Meera, A. K. M. G. Muhammad, Sharday Grant, Megan Simpkinson, Shaughn Bell, Sharon Carmona, Loren Ornelas, Anais Sahabian, Tania Gendron, Leonard Petrucelli, Michael Baughn, John Ravits, Matthew B. Harms, Frank Rigo, C. Frank Bennett, Thomas S. Otis, Clive N. Svendsen, Robert H. Baloh
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Antisense oligonucleotides can correct disease-specific phenotypes in cultured motor neurons differentiated from iPSCs derived from ALS patients with a C9ORF72 repeat expansion.
Nazi Origins of an Anatomy Text: The Pernkopf Atlas-Reply
Authors: Edward B. Hutton
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  — Pernkopf Anatomy is published by Urban & Schwarzenberg, our German subsidiary. We regard very seriously the issues raised in these letters and support the recommendation from Drs Israel and Seidelman for an expert inquiry into the Pernkopf anatomy atlas. In a letter to Seidelman (August 29, 1996), we suggested that such an inquiry should be conducted by the University of Vienna Faculty of Medicine where Pernkopf was dean and head of the Department of Anatomy before and during World War II. We are also prepared to provide financial support.  We continue to publish Pernkopf Anatomy because of its scientific merit and the fact that, to date, no concrete evidence exists to substantiate Pernkopf's use of cadavers originating from Nazi concentration camp victims. We pursued our own inquiry including, but not limited to, conversations with authors and illustrators who worked on the atlas after Pernkopf died in 1956, letters from present
The Management of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Robert Lebow
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We congratulate Dr Jeresaty<sup>1</sup>on an excellent and encyclopedic review of mitral valve prolapse. It is certainly true that one must avoid establishing correlations between medical entities through anecdotal rather than statistical analysis. We agree that the mitral valve prolapse syndrome is likely to be more apparent than real.<sup>2</sup> However, it must be recognized that there appears to be a relation between mitral valve prolapse and the autoimmune thyroid diseases, Graves' disease, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, apparently through a common etiologic factor or factors. This is marginally supported through a variety of different studies, including HLA antigen determinations.<sup>3</sup> Therefore, it may be wise to screen patients with mitral valve prolapse for these entities through appropriate testing. This awaits further study.
Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Therapy Reduces Aortic Inflammation and Stiffness in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kaisa M. Mäki-Petäjä, Maysoon Elkhawad, Joseph Cheriyan, Francis R. Joshi, Andrew J.K. Östör, Frances C. Hall, James H.F. Rudd, Ian B. Wilkinson
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk. This is not fully explained by traditional risk factors, but direct vascular inflammation and aortic stiffening may play a role. We hypothesized that patients with RA exhibit aortic inflammation, which can be reversed with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy and correlates with aortic stiffness reduction.Aortic inflammation was quantified in 17 patients with RA, before and after 8 weeks of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy by using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography coregistration. Concomitantly, 34 patients with stable cardiovascular disease were imaged as positive controls at baseline. Aortic fluorodeoxyglucose target-to-background ratios (TBRs) and aortic pulse wave velocity were assessed. RA patients had higher baseline aortic TBRs in comparison with patients who have cardiovascular disease (2.02±0.22 versus 1.74±0.22, P=0.0001). Following therapy, aortic TBR fell to 1.90±0.29, P=0.03, and the proportion of inflamed aortic slices (defined as TBR >2.0) decreased from 50±33% to 33±27%, P=0.03. Also, TBR in the most diseased segment of the aorta fell from 2.51±0.33 to 2.05±0.29, P<0.0001. Treatment also reduced aortic pulse wave velocity significantly (from 9.09±1.77 to 8.63±1.42 m/s, P=0.04), which correlated with the reduction of aortic TBR (R=0.60, P=0.01).This study demonstrates that RA patients have increased aortic (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in comparison with patients who have stable cardiovascular disease. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy reduces aortic inflammation in patients with RA, and this effect correlates with the decrease in aortic stiffness. These results suggest that RA patients exhibit a subclinical vasculitis, which provides a mechanism for the increased cardiovascular disease risk seen in RA.
Psychosis with Low Sodium Syndrome
Authors: GEORGE M. BURNELL, TIAH A. FOSTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Patients hospitalized for medical illnesses may develop a "low sodium syndrome" due either to sodium depletion or to the presence of an inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. This can be further aggravated by a low sodium diet and can lead to an acute psychotic reaction. Psychiatric consultants should be alert to this possibility and should recommend appropriate electrolyte replacement as treatment for the psychosis.
Aortic Esophageal Fistula Secondary to Achalasia Accompanied by Megaesophagus and Esophageal Ulceration
Authors: Donald J. MacPherson, William R. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

MOST cases of aortic esophageal fistula have been due to ingestion of foreign bodies, especially animal bones. A much rarer cause has been esophageal diverticulum.§ The following case presents a hitherto unreported cause of aortic esophageal fistula — that is, a fistula secondary to achalasia, with accompanying megaesophagus and esophageal ulceration.Case ReportA 63-year-old man was admitted to the general medical ward in peripheral circulatory collapse on January 3, 1958, at 12:05 p.m., with a history of 6 episodes of massive hematemesis over the prior 4 hours. For 1 month he had had epigastric pain, anorexia and abdominal bloating. . . .
The American Nurse Censures the AMA
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The American Medical Association has long had concern for and interest in the profession of nursing. In that connection, the July issue of<i>The American Nurse</i>, an official publication of the American Nurses' Association, quoted a resolution adopted by AMA's House of Delegates at the 1976 Annual Convention as follows. <i>Resolved</i>, that the American Medical Association encourage nursing schools, the American Nurses' Association, the National League for Nursing, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals to seek a revision of the curricula of all schools of nursing to provide a greater emphasis on clinical nursing; and be it further <i>Resolved</i>, that nursing positions of responsibility in hospitals be filled on the basis of ability and performance regardless of academic degree. Unfortunately, the anonymous writer in<i>The American Nurse</i>viewed the resolution as an "intrusion" by physicians into nursing affairs and expressed "... wonder how physicians might respond if the ANA
Cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with high altitude pulmonary oedema at moderate altitude in Japan.
Authors: K. Kubo, M. Hanaoka, S. Yamaguchi, T. Hayano, M. Hayasaka, T. Koizumi, K. Fujimoto, T. Kobayashi, T. Honda
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: The precise mechanism of high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of cytokines and P-selectin in the development of HAPE which occurred at moderate altitude in Japan. METHODS: The following cellular and biochemical markers and chemotactic cytokines were measured in the bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid from four patients with HAPE at 2857-3180 m in the Japanese Alps: total proteins, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and the soluble form of P-selectin. RESULTS: At admission there were significant increases in the levels of total cells, especially macrophages and neutrophils, total protein, albumin and LDH when compared with 13 healthy individuals. Furthermore, the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were also considerably increased but returned quickly to the normal ranges or were not detected after recovery. The levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-10, and P-selectin did not change. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an inflammatory process almost identical with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur in HAPE, but that these changes are transient and are not associated with any increase in P-selectin levels in the BAL fluid.
Preface: Recent Findings in Mercury Health Effects
Authors: Janice W. Yager, Milena Horvat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The four articles in this mini-monograph represent a cross-section of results from human studies on mercury exposure and health outcomes presented at the most recent International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant (ICMGP) held 28 June to 2 July 2004 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.The ICGMP provides a needed global forum for the exchange of innovative ideas, and it provides an opportunity to communicate research results to public policy makers, industry experts, and public representatives in order to promote the direct use of scientific and technical data to environmental protection and control.Intense interest in mercury is evident from the recommendations adopted by the European Union Mercury Strategy in June 2005 (European Union 2005); also, a Global Mercury Assessment was approved by the Governing Council of the United Nations Environmental Program in early 2002.The 7th ICMGP was held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, the location of the second largest mercury mine in the world-the Idrija mercury mine.Although the mercury mine was the basis of prosperity of the town of Idrija for five centuries, it also caused extensive contamination of the town and its surroundings, leading to high levels of mercury exposure of the miners and the other inhabitants.The mercury mine was closed in the mid-1980s to avoid further releases of mercury to the environment.Mercury research in Slovenia was initiated by the Joz ˇef Stefan Institute in the early 1960s as a result of environmental and health concerns related to the operation of the mine.Initially, the main goal of the institute was to address the health status of the miners.Studies of the effects of mercury on the environment soon followed, and results have been published widely in the scientific literature.The 7th ICMGP consisted of more than 600 scientific presentations, with nearly 500 participants from more than 40 countries, and covered a wide range of topics including analytical chemistry, biogeochemistry, atmospheric science, health effects, and remediation and policy issues.The conference was sponsored by a several Slovenian institutes, ministries, and businesses, including the Joz ˇef Stefan
Neurological manifestations of angioedema. Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: T. R. Sunder
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Two children had recurrent neurological symptoms associated with angioedema. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations failed to reveal a separate cause for the neurological changes. Only 19 prior cases of this association have been reported. Seizures and headaches are the most common symptoms, but a wide variety of focal and generalized deficits may occur. The release of vasoactive substances such as histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandins, which are also putative neurotransmitters, is postulated to be the cause of the cerebral symptoms. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2005-2007)
A QUANTITATIVE ASSAY FOR THE PROGENITORS OF BONE MARROW-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Louis Lafleur, R. G. Miller, R. A. Phillips
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

A cell transfer assay system was developed to study the precursors of bone marrow-associated (B) lymphocytes in the adult mouse. The rationale of the assay is to inject into irradiated mice a cell suspension depleted of B lymphocytes, to wait a period of time to let precursor cells differentiate to B lymphocytes, then to correlate the number of B cells present in the recipient mice with the number of precursor cells injected. The assay as described was shown to be linear in the range of 10(5)-3 x 10(6) fractionated bone marrow cells. Kinetic studies indicated that precursor cells start producing detectable numbers of B cells within 3 days after transplantation; B cell activity then increases with a doubling time of 24 hr. Physical characterization of that precursor cell has shown that it is lighter and sediments faster than small lymphocytes. Precursor cells were found in bone marrow and spleen but could not be detected in peripheral lymph nodes. Results of physical analysis also indicate that the precursors of B lymphocytes described here may not be pluripotent stem cells for the immune system.
Open-Heart Surgery on the Elderly
Authors: L. THOMPSON BOWLES, GRADY L. HALLMAN, DENTON A. COOLEY
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Data on 54 patients, 60 years of age or more, who had open-heart surgery are reported. This series is comprised of all patients in this age group who were treated surgically from January 1, 1957, to December 31, 1964. Eighty-two per cent were operated on in the past 2 years. The most common indications for operation were left ventricular aneurysm and aortic valve disease (39 patients). The ages of the patients in this series ranged from 60 to 73 years, with a mean age of 63. Operative mortality was 20% for the entire series and 11% in the last year reported (1964). It is concluded that advanced age should not be a deterrent to the selection of surgical therapy for elderly patients with heart disease provided that the proper indications exist. Open-heart surgery may be performed in the elderly with mortality that compares favorably with that encountered in younger individuals with similar lesions.