tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐related risk factors and preventive measures in US Hispanics/Latinos
Authors: Vilma E. Cokkinides, Priti Bandi, Rebecca L. Siegel, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2012)

Abstract In this article, we provide prevalence data on major cancer‐related risk factors, early detection testing, and vaccination among Hispanics using nationally representative surveys. Compared with non‐Hispanic whites, Hispanic adults are less likely to be current smokers (13% vs 22%) or frequent alcohol drinkers, but they are more likely to be obese (32% vs 26%) and to have lower levels of mammography use within the past year (46% vs 51%), colorectal screening as per recommended intervals (47% vs 61%), and Papanicolaou (Pap) test use within the past 3 years (74% vs 79%). Within the Hispanic population, the prevalence of these risk factors and early detection methods substantially vary by country of origin. For example, Cuban men (20.7%) and Puerto Rican men (19%) had the highest levels of current smoking than any other Hispanic subgroups, while Mexican women had the lowest levels of mammogram use (44%) and Pap test use (71%). Hispanic migrants have a higher prevalence of hepatitis B virus and Helicobacter pylori , which cause liver and stomach cancer, respectively. Among Hispanic adolescents, tobacco use (eg, 20.8% use of any tobacco products), alcohol use (42.9%), and obesity (23.2%) remain highly prevalent risk factors. Although 56% of Hispanic adolescents initiate human papillomavirus vaccination, only 56% of them completed the 3‐dose series. Differences in risk factors and early detection testing among Hispanic groups should be considered in clinical settings and for cancer control planning. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Patterns of inflammatory responses following rechallenge of skin late-phase allergic reaction sites
Authors: Burton Zweiman, Carolyn von Allmen, Lawrence B. Schwartz, Paul C. Atkins
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)

Background: Previous studies have suggested altered responses to repeat skin tests in the sites of IgE-mediated late-phase reactions (LPRs) induced within the previous 48 hours. To explore the possible modulation of LPRs in such rechallenge sites, we compared inflammatory responses in skin chambers induced over previous LPR and control sites.Methods: Skin blisters were induced and unroofed in 12 human subjects over two sites of previous LPRs induced by intradermal injection of pollen antigens 24 hours or 48 hours earlier and two sites previously injected with buffer diluent (B). Skin chambers containing the same antigens were appended to one intradermal antigen site (called Ag/Ag) and one intradermal B site (B/Ag), and B-containing chambers were placed over antigen (Ag/B) and B (B/B) intradermal sites. Fluids were collected after the first and the second through fifth hours of challenge.Results: In skin chamber challenges 24 hours after the intradermal injection, there was no significant difference after the first hours between the Ag/Ag or B/Ag sites in either histamine or tryptase levels; both were significantly higher than at Ag/B or B/B sites (p < 0.01). The same pattern of events was seen in fluids obtained from the second through fifth hours. The same pattern of findings was seen in examination of levels of the total leukocyte accumulation, total eosinophil accumulation, and frequency of activated (EG2+) eosinophils. Levels of lactoferrin, released from activated neutrophils, and eosinophil cationic protein, released from activated eosinophils, were also similar at Ag/Ag and B/Ag sites; both were significantly higher than at B/B sites, whereas levels at Ag/B sites were intermediate between those found at B/Ag and B/B sites. The pattern of events in skin chamber challenges 48 hours after intradermal injection was similar to that seen at 24 hours, except that levels of inflammatory mediators/cells in Ag/B sites were more intermediate between the B/Ag and B/B sites.Conclusion: There is no significant alteration of mediator or inflammatory cell responses after antigen rechallenge of previous LPR sites when compared with those found in antigen challenge of non-LPR sites. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:94-8.)
Unmodified CdSe Quantum Dots Induce Elevation of Cytoplasmic Calcium Levels and Impairment of Functional Properties of Sodium Channels in Rat Primary Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Mingliang Tang, Tairan Xing, Jie Zeng, Huili Wang, Chenchen Li, Shuting Yin, Dan Yan, Hongmin Deng, Jin Liu, Ming Wang, Jutao Chen, Di-Yun Ruan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

The growing applications of nanotechnologic products, such as quantum dots (QDs), increase the likelihood of exposure. Furthermore, their accumulation in the bioenvironment and retention in cells and tissues are arousing increasing worries about the potentially harmful side effects of these nanotechnologic products. Previous studies concerning QD cytotoxicity focused on the reactive oxygen species produced by QDs. Cellular calcium homeostasis dysregulation caused by QDs may be also responsible for QD cytotoxicity. Meanwhile the interference of QDs with voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) current (I(Na)) may lead to changes in electrical activity and worsen neurotoxicologic damage.We aimed to investigate the potential for neurotoxicity of cadmium selenium QDs in a hippocampal neuronal culture model, focusing on cytoplasmic calcium levels and VGSCs function.We used confocal laser scanning and standard whole-cell patch clamp techniques.We found that a) QDs induced neuron death dose dependently; b) cytoplasmic calcium levels were elevated for an extended period by QD treatment, which was due to both extracellular calcium influx and internal calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum; and c) QD treatment enhanced activation and inactivation of I(Na), prolonged the time course of activation, slowed I(Na) recovery, and reduced the fraction of available VGSCs.Results in this study provide new insights into QD toxicology and reveal potential risks of their future applications in biology and medicine.
A comparison of the long AVE micro™ Stent II and the Palmaz-Schatz stent: a SMART trial registry
Authors: R. Heuser, R. Kuntz, A. Lansky, K.K.L. Ho, L. Reduto, R. Badger, L.A. Iannono, P. Whitlow, R. Vlietstra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Case 2-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Franklin H. Epstein, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 52-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever.She was well until 14 years previously, when polyarthritis developed, and a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made. Two and a half years before admission she was first seen at this hospital because of fever and back pain. There was a remote history of exposure to tuberculosis. Examination disclosed mild polyarthritis and fever. Laboratory studies disclosed pancytopenia and a positive Coombs test. The urine gave a +++ test for protein. The urea nitrogen was 11 mg per 100 ml. A test for rheumatoid . . .
Radionuclide Evaluation of Pleural–Peritoneal Shunt Before Pleurodesis
Authors: Kerri Dias, Shanker Raja, Timothy Strane, Shekhar Sane
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Talc pleurodesis can be offered to patients with hepatic hydrothorax. The authors wanted to determine their patient's eligibility for talc pleurodesis by excluding a pleural-peritoneal shunt.The authors measured the size of the talc particles and matched them with the radionuclide particle size. After injecting radiopharmaceutical into the pleura, the authors imaged the abdomen for possible migration.In their patient, there was no migration of radionuclide from the thorax into the abdomen.Injecting radionuclide into the thoracic cavity and then imaging for an extended period of time is one way to determine whether the patient has a pleural-peritoneal shunt.
Competition and Cost in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Marilyn P. Leeds
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In 1985, a total of 6,080 applicants to the National Resident Matching Program (Match) were unable to match with residency positions. The majority of unmatched applicants were graduates of foreign medical schools. In addition, many US and foreign medical graduate applicants did not find positions in their preferred choice of specialties. As a result, teaching hospitals are increasingly receiving offers from would-be residents who are willing to work without financial support to gain the experience and credentials required for medical licensure. Teaching hospitals that consider accepting unsalaried house staff must begin to develop policies and guidelines that ensure fair and equitable treatment of all residents and fellows and that standards of quality are not compromised.
The Board Case
Authors: Lawrence M. Koplin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

I considered it a fortunate coincidence that he came to see me in the first place. I was in the infancy of my plastic surgery practice, at a time when any truly challenging patient is considered a windfall, an act of God, perhaps even a board case.  Everett was 24 and handsome, with a large, deep malignant melanoma on his lower eyelid margin—a prognostic, anatomic, and cosmetic disaster. His understandably frantic mother took him from the dermatologist who had performed the original biopsy to another, perhaps in the hope of obtaining a better diagnosis. The dermatologist referred them both to a plastic surgeon, who was on his way out of town, and thus they were directed to me.  Everett seemed much less concerned than his mother or, as a matter of fact, than I about the seriousness of his problem. I presented everything as optimistically as I could. They told
An ion channel 'addicted' to ether, alcohol and cocaine: the HERG potassium channel
Authors: C Karle
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

See article by O'Leary \[25\] (pages 59–67) in this issue. 

In cardiomyocytes, the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ current, IKr [1,2], plays an important role in repolarization. During the plateau phase, IKr has only a small amplitude; this function of IKr supports the formation of the plateau potential and is a consequence of its inwardly rectifying properties. As repolarization proceeds, a transient increase in IKr outward current occurs, due to fast recovery from inactivation and slow deactivation, which effectively repolarizes the cardiac cell [3].

On the molecular level, IKr is encoded by the ‘human ether-a-go-go related gene’ (HERG). This has been demonstrated in macroscopic current measurements [4,5] and single channel recordings [6,7]. Many class III antiarrhythmic drugs prolong the cardiac action potential and thereby the refractory period by blocking IKr. Likewise, block of HERG channels by various drugs has been previously investigated, i.e. azimilide [8], amiodarone [9], RP 58866 or terikalant [10], dofetilide [9], clofilium and its tertiary analog LY97241 [11], haloperidol [12], terfenadine racemate and enantiomers [13] and carvedilol [14].

Like other K+ channels, HERG channels are associated with β-subunits: MiRP1 [15], MiRP2 [16] and MinK [17]. MiRP1 shifts the HERG activation curve to more positive potentials, … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-6221-568-682; fax: +49-6221-565-515 christoph.karle{at}gmx.de
Family history of cancer and germline BRCA2 mutations in sporadic exocrine pancreatic cancer
Authors: F X Real
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background: Hereditary factors have been reported in 5–10% of cases with exocrine pancreatic cancer and recent data support a role for <i>BRCA2</i>. Aims: We have studied the prevalence of germline <i>BRCA2</i> mutations in two groups of patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer from an unselected series in Spain: group A included 24 cases showing familial aggregation of cancer and group B included 54 age, sex, and hospital matched cases without such evidence. Methods: Information was obtained by interview of patients and was validated by a telephone interview with a structured questionnaire. In patients from group A, &gt;80% of the coding sequence of <i>BRCA2</i> was analysed; in patients from group B, the regions in which germline <i>BRCA2</i> mutations have been described to be associated with pancreatic cancer were screened. Results: Telephone interviews led to reclassification of 7/54 cases (13%). Familial aggregation of cancer was found in 24/165 cases (14.5%); six patients had a first degree relative with pancreatic cancer (3.6%) and nine patients had relatives with breast cancer. Germline <i>BRCA2</i> mutations were not identified in any patient from group A (0/23). Among group B cases, one germline variant (T5868G&gt;Asn1880Lys) was found in a 59 year old male without a family history of cancer. The 6174delT mutation was not found in any of the 71 cases analysed. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of <i>BRCA2</i> mutations among patients with pancreatic cancer in Spain is low and the 6174delT mutation appears to be very infrequent. Our data do not support screening patients with cancer of the pancreas for germline <i>BRCA2</i> mutations to identify relatives at high risk of developing this tumour.
When Should a New Test Become the Current Reference Standard?
Authors: Paul Glasziou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

The evaluation of claims that a new diagnostic test is better than the current gold standard test is hindered by the lack of a perfect reference judge. However, this problem may be sidestepped by focusing on the clinical consequences of the decision rather than on estimation of accuracy. Consequences can be assessed by use of a "fair umpire" test that is not perfect yet can discriminate between disease and nondisease cases and is not biased in favor of 1 test. This article discusses 3 principles to aid judgments about the value of new tests. First, the consequences are best examined in cases with disagreement between the current and new tests. Second, resolving these disagreements requires a fair, but not necessarily perfect, umpire test. Finally, umpire tests include consequences, such as prognosis and response to treatment, as well as causal exposures and other test results.
Correct Levels of Serum Cholesterol
Authors: Irving S. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE PROBLEM of what constitutes average, normal, and optimal levels of serum cholesterol and how the results of tests to determine these levels should be applied to clinical practice still bedevils us. High levels of serum cholesterol are associated with an increased incidence of atherosclerosis and death, and a constantly low serum cholesterol level appears protective in this regard. The risk of complications associated with elevated cholesterol levels is increased when other risk factors such as hereditary premature atherosclerosis, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes occur concomitantly. Average levels vary substantially with different ethnic and geographic populations, specific hereditary traits, a number of diseases, and a wide range of dietary habits. This statement is directed to the situation as it exists in the United States today. Leading investigators are now widely recommending that the uppermost acceptable level should be 240 mg/100 ml, based on the standard Abell-Kendall method. This is consistent with
Endocrinology of Pregnancy
Authors: DWAIN D. Hagerman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This is a superior book for a variety of reasons. To begin with, the editors had available a group of internationally recognized experts as contributors. Second, most of these contributors have managed to present just that amount of information needed by the serious student, neither omitting essential fundamentals, nor prolixly describing every detail ever discovered in their field of special interest. Third, by careful subject selection, the editors have managed to cover their field in fewer than 400 pages. The book is called a second and revised edition of an earlier volume with the same title, which in turn was a report inspired by two earlier postgraduate courses. In actual fact, the present edition is a completely new book with a number of new authors. As a result it contains current and new information as well as the important older material required for understanding and use in the clinic. The
A Half Century of General Practice
Authors: Dean S. Luce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

AT THE turn of the century the practice of medicine was in a state of flux. Surgery with the advent of antiseptics (1867) was advancing by leaps and bounds but was nevertheless endeavoring to extricate itself from the morass of methods of approach to operative fields and the vast number of different technics for the then common operations, trying to find the best solution to the various questions. Surgery has come a long way since Fitz (1886) published his article on appendicitis. In the early years of the century the preparation of the patient for operation and of the surgeon . . .
Reduced expression of transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma promotes metastasis and indicates poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ze-yang Ding, Guan-nan Jin, Wei Wang, Wei-xun Chen, Yan-hui Wu, Xi Ai, Lin Chen, Wan-guang Zhang, Hui-fang Liang, Arian Laurence, Ming-zhi Zhang, Pran K. Datta, Bixiang Zhang, Xiao-ping Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) may play either a potential tumor-suppressor or -promoter role in cancer. Here we report on a critical role of TIF1γ in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reduced expression of TIF1γ was detected in HCC, especially in advanced HCC tissues, compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues. HCC patients with low TIF1γ expression had shorter overall survival times and higher recurrence rates than those with high TIF1γ expression. Reduced TIF1γ expression was an independent and significant risk factor for recurrence and survival after curative resection. In HCC cells, TIF1γ played a dual role: It promoted tumor growth in early-stage HCC, but not in advanced-stage HCC, whereas it inhibited invasion and metastasis in both early- and advanced-stage HCC. Mechanistically, we confirmed that TIF1γ inhibited transforming growth factor-β/ Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (TGF-β/Smad) signaling through monoubiquitination of Smad4 and suppressed the formation of Smad2/3/4 complex in HCC cells. TGF-β-inducing cytostasis and metastasis were both inhibited by TIF1γ in HCC. We further proved that TIF1γ suppressed cyotstasis-related TGF-β/Smad downstream c-myc down-regulation, as well as p21/cip1 and p15/ink4b up-regulation in early-stage HCC. Meanwhile, TGF-β inducible epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β/Smad downstream metastatic cascades, including phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten down-regulation, chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 and matrix metalloproteinase 1 induction, and epidermal growth factor receptor- and protein kinase B-signaling transactivation, were inhibited by TIF1γ. In addition, we found that the down-regulation of TIF1γ in HCC was caused by hypermethylation of CpG islands in the TIF1γ promoter, and demonstrated that the combination of TIF1γ and phosphorylated Smad2 was a more powerful predictor of poor prognosis. TIF1γ regulates tumor growth and metastasis through inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in HCC.
Management of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: C. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MIDICAOURNALnot only to the doctor but also to the patient.Therefore before assuming this form of therapy is unsatisfactory, or too costly, or to require in addition large amounts of antacids, it would seem important that blood penicillin levels after oral doses should be investigated during ill- ness and not during the irrelevant condition of health.-I am, etc., London, W.I.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CALCIUM SCORE AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY (BMD) IN MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)
Authors: Dong Li, Song Shou S. Mao, Joseph Hyder, Matthew Allison, Robyn McClelland, Ian H. de Boer, Jefferey Carr, Michael Criqui, Yan Lin Gao, Matthew Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
1137 Assessment of the diagnostic scale for drug induced liver injury (DILI) by the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) and a proposal of its modifications
Authors: Y TAKAMORI, H TAKIKAWA, T KUMAGI, M ONJI, M WATANABE, A SHIBATA, A HISAMOCHI, R KUMASHIRO, T ITO, Y MITSUMOTO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Several barbiturates and primidone were equilibrated with polyethylene glycol 4000 in pyridine. IR spectral properties of these samples indicate that seven disubstituted barbiturates complex with polyethylene glycol 4000 while five disubstituted barbiturates and two trisubstituted barbiturates as well as primidone do not. Forces responsible for complexation of barbiturates with polyethylene glycol 4000, as inferred from spectral data, consist of hydrogen bonds formed between N1 and N3 hydrogens of the barbiturate ring and two oxygen atoms of the —O—CH2CH2—O—moiety. Also, there appear to be three configurations of intermolecular hydrogen bonding sites between disubstituted barbiturates. Several factors affect the barbiturate-polyethylene glycol 4000 interaction, including the nature of the solvent, C5 substituents, the number of hydrogen bonds formed between reactants, and the 2-carbonyl group of the barbiturate ring. Complexes of polyethylene glycol 4000 with phenobarbital, butabarbital, and cyclobarbital are stable in water at 26° or below, but complexes of polyethylene glycol 4000 with butethal, cyclopentenyl allylbarbituric acid, pento barbital, and probarbital are not.
Science—The Basis of Care
Authors: GEORGE A. PERERA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

Editorials1 December 1963Science—The Basis of CareGEORGE A. PERERA, M.D.GEORGE A. PERERA, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-59-6-959 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSome graduates of yesterday point to their problems as if we who are medical educators have caused these problems and are responsible for their solution. These critics imply that our scientific approach is at the expense of the patient's care. They imply that we are looking for the shade of acquisition and self-aggrandizement, ignoring those who must labor in the daily heat of medical practice. They imply that the specialists we nurture, by virtue of our faculty's special interests, are unable to cope with man in his entirety, and that we are oblivious to the healer—so intimately involved in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GEORGE A. PERERA, M.D.Affiliations: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1963Volume 59, Issue 6Page: 959-960KeywordsGraduate medical educationPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of the Duration of Macular Edema on Clinical Outcomes in Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated with Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant
Authors: Wei-Shi Yeh, Julia A. Haller, Paolo Lanzetta, Baruch D. Kuppermann, Tien Yin Wong, Paul Mitchell, Scott M. Whitcup, Jonathan W. Kowalski
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)