tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid arterial hemostasis and decreased access site complications after cardiac catheterization and angioplasty: Results of a randomized trial of a novel hemostatic device
Authors: William G. Kussmaul, Maurice Buchbinder, Patrick L. Whitlow, Umit T. Aker, Richard R. Heuser, Spencer B. King, Kenneth M. Kent, Martin B. Leon, Daniel M. Kolansky, Joseph G. Sandza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

Objectives. This study was performed to test the safety and efficacy of a novel bioabsorbable hemostatic puncture closure device deployed through an arterial sheath. Background. Cardiac catheterization procedures are associated with a risk of complications at the arterial access site. Increasing numbers of interventional procedures requiring large sheaths or intense anticoagulation underline the need for occure, rapid methods of obtaining hemostasis at the time of sheath removal. Methods. We conducted a randomized, multicenter trial in 435 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization or angioplasty at eight participating centers. In 218 patients, hemostasis was achieved using the device (group 1); 217 patients were assigned to the manual pressure control group (group II). Results. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Time to hemostasis was considerably shorter in group I (2.5 ± 15.2 vs 15.3 ± 11.7 min [mean ± SD], p < 0.0001). The deployment success rate for the device was 96%, and 76% of group I patients experienced immediate (within 1 min) hemostasis. Complication rates were lower in group I for bleeding, hematoma and occurrence of any complication. There was no difference in the small incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation. There was no change in either group in the ankle/brachial systolic blood pressure index. Ultrasound follow-up studies 60 days after device deployment revealed complete absorption of the device in all cases. Subgroup analysis revealed particular benefit in patients undergoing interventional procedures. The administration of heparin was associated with a significantly higher complication rate in the manual pressure control group, whereas heparin had no effect on hemostasis time or complication rates in the device group. Conclusions. This sheath-deployed, bioabsorbable device provides a safe and effective means of obtaining rapid arterial hemostasis after cardiac catheterization procedures. It appears to be particularly useful in those patients most at risk for access site complications.
Skin Necrosis Induced by Coumarin Congeners
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The interesting letter by Vaughan et al ( 210: 2282, 1969) concerning skin necrosis of genitalia and warfarin therapy has left your readers with the impression that there is no effective treatment for this potentially lethal condition. We had also concluded that therapy in this condition was ineffective when we published a review of the world literature on this subject inThe Journal( 192: 603, 1965) in a communication entitled, Petechiae, Ecchymoses and Necrosis of Skin Induced by Coumarin Congeners, in which we added three additional cases of our own. By the time we had seen our fourth case, published in Dermatology Digest ( 5: 65, 1966), we had discovered that Dr. F. K. Beller had published in Das Medizinische Bild ( 4: 116, 1961) an effective treatment for this condition involving the use of heparin. An exact translation of his therapeutic regimen has been published in our article in
A STUDY OF SERUM BETA LIPOPROTEIN AND TOTAL CHOLESTEROL VARIABILITY AND ITS RELATION TO AGE AND SERUM LEVEL IN ADULT HUMAN SUBJECTS 1
Authors: Donald M. Watkin, Eleanor Y. Lawry, George V. Mann, Max Halperin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

This study is concerned with an evaluation of the nature and magnitude of the variability of the serum cholesterol and certain classes of serum lipoproteins in adult men. The immediate objectives of the experiments described were three: (1) to study the relation of age and mean serum level to the day-to-day variation in serum lipid levels, (2) to characterize the magnitude and origin of the variability encountered, and (3) to define the number of samples which must be analyzed to yield reliable values.
Physiologic correlates of echocardiographic pulmonary valve motion in diastole.
Authors: D J Pocoski, P M Shah
Journal: Circulation (1978)

It has been shown that the echographic motion of the posterior aortic wall in diastole is closely related to the underlying left atrial events, possibly due to the anatomical proximity of the two structures. We observed that the pulmonary artery shares a similar close anatomical relationship with the left atrium. The present study in 55 consecutive patients with adequate echocardiographic recordings of the aortic root and the pulmonary valve demonstrates that the diastolic waveforms of the pulmonary valve and the posterior aortic wall are nearly identical in early diastole. The pulmonary valve e-f slope correlated with the posterior aortic wall O-R slope (r = 0.95) and the S2-f interval (second heart sound to f on the pulmonary valve) correlated closely with the S2-R interval (second heart sound to R on the posterior aortic root) (r = 0.94)). No significant correlation was found between the pulmonary valve e-f slope and the pulmonary artery pressures. The presence and amplitude of the maximum "a dip," on the other hand, correlated with the presence of pulmonary hypertension, with some notable exceptions. In addition, the "a dip" on the pulmonary valve and the depth of the A wave on the posterior aortic wall were significantly correlated (r = 0.85). It appears that the "a dip" on the pulmonary valve is influenced by dual mechanisms: pressure differences between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle in late diastole and the left atrial events. Thus, the early diastolic waveform of the pulmonary valve, like the posterior aortic wall waveform, may primarily reflect underlying left atrial events and is not a measure of pulmonary artery pressure. The late diastolic waveform "a dip" has a dual mechanism, related in part to the underlying left atrial events, and also reflecting the instantaneous pressure differences across the pulmonary valve following atrial systole.
Association of Adolescent Obesity With Risk of Severe Obesity in Adulthood
Authors: Natalie S. The, Chirayath Suchindran, Kari E. North, Barry M. Popkin, Penny Gordon-Larsen
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Although the prevalence of obesity has increased in recent years, individuals who are obese early in life have not been studied over time to determine whether they develop severe obesity in adulthood, thus limiting effective interventions to reduce severe obesity incidence and its potentially life-threatening associated conditions.To determine incidence and risk of severe obesity in adulthood by adolescent weight status.A cohort of 8834 individuals aged 12 to 21 years enrolled in 1996 in wave II of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, followed up into adulthood (ages 18-27 years during wave III [2001-2002] and ages 24-33 years during wave IV [2007-2009]). Height and weight were obtained via anthropometry and surveys administered in study participants' homes using standardized procedures.New cases of adult-onset severe obesity were calculated by sex, race/ethnicity, and adolescent weight status. Sex-stratified, discrete time hazard models estimated the net effect of adolescent obesity (aged <20 years; body mass index [BMI] ≥95th percentile of the sex-specific BMI-for-age growth chart or BMI ≥30.0) on risk of severe obesity incidence in adulthood (aged ≥20 years; BMI ≥40.0), adjusting for race/ethnicity and age and weighted for national representation.In 1996, 79 (1.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7%-1.4%) adolescents were severely obese; 60 (70.5%; 95% CI, 57.2%-83.9%) remained severely obese in adulthood. By 2009, 703 (7.9%; 95% CI, 7.4%-8.5%) non-severely obese adolescents had become severely obese in adulthood, with the highest rates for non-Hispanic black women. Obese adolescents were significantly more likely to develop severe obesity in young adulthood than normal-weight or overweight adolescents (hazard ratio, 16.0; 95% CI, 12.4-20.5).In this cohort, obesity in adolescence was significantly associated with increased risk of incident severe obesity in adulthood, with variations by sex and race/ethnicity.
THE SINGLE HYPOPHOSPHITES IN DEFECTIVE NUTRITION OF BONE AND NERVE TISSUES.
Authors: LEWIS G. PEDIGO
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Of all the varied uses of the hypophosphites, none are more interesting to me than their employment to meet certain faults of nutrition in the osseous and nervous systems. I group these two departments of the human organism roughly together here, because my attention was directed to them in this connection, by certain rational considerations. In the chemic constitution, the growth and the maintenance of both, phosphorus plays a very important part. So it was inferred, that in certain pathologic conditions of either, especially when characterized by defective nutrition, the use of phosphorus in some convenient and easily assimilable form, is the primary and essential indication of treatment. The various clinical trials of this opinion in practice for several years, have amply justified and sustained the inference. My readers are probably familiar with the use of these remedies in cases of delayed teething in children. Aside from this familiar use,
Identification of a genetic alteration in the code for bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in the UGT1 gene complex of a Crigler-Najjar type I patient.
Authors: J K Ritter, M T Yeatman, P Ferreira, I S Owens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CN) type I inherit an autosomal recessive trait for hyperbilirubinemia, which is characterized by the total absence of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (transferase) activity. The recent identification of two bilirubin transferase isoforms with identical carboxyl termini (Ritter, J. K., J. M. Crawford, and I. S. Owens. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1043-1047) led to the discovery of a unique locus, UGT1, which encodes a family of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozymes, including the two bilirubin forms (Ritter, J. K., F. Chen, Y. Y. Sheen, H. M. Tran, S. Kimura, M. T. Yeatman, and I. S. Owens. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:3257-3261). The UGT1 locus features a complex of six overlapping transcriptional units encoding transferases, each of which shares the four most 3' exons (2, 3, 4, and 5) specifying the 3' half of the transferase coding regions (condons 289-533) and the entire 3' untranslated region of each mRNA. This gene model predicts that a single critical mutation in any of these four "common" exons may inactivate the entire family of encoded transferases. In agreement with this prediction, we show here that in the first CN type I individual analyzed (patient F.B.), a 13-bp deletion has occurred in exon 2. Analysis of product generated by the polymerase chain reaction and genomic DNA demonstrated that F.B. is homozygous for the defective allele (UGT1*FB), and that the consanguineous parents are both heterozygotic at this locus. The mutation is predicted to result in the synthesis of severely truncated bilirubin transferase isozymes that are lacking a highly conserved sequence in the carboxyl-terminus and the characteristic membrane (endoplasmic reticulum)-anchoring segment of the protein molecule.
Tuberculin Skin Tests in Hospital Employees
Authors: Lee B. Reichman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 March 1996Tuberculin Skin Tests in Hospital EmployeesLee B. Reichman, MD, MPHLee B. Reichman, MD, MPHNew Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center; Newark, NJ 07107Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-6-199603150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Bailey and colleagues [1] studied risk factors for tuberculin positivity in hospital employees and found that the employees' postal zones of residence had the strongest statistical association with tuberculin skin test conversion.Several years ago, in an effort to define the baseline levels of tuberculosis in a large urban population and to quantitate the risk factors for a positive tuberculin test result, we studied skin test results of more than 50 000 New York City Board of Education employees [2]. Along with reaction size and history of a positive reaction, we determined age, race or ethnic group, ...References1. Bailey TC, Fraser VJ, Spitznagel EL, Dunagan WC. Risk factors for a positive tuberculin skin test among employees of an urban, midwestern teaching hospital. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:580-5. Google Scholar2. Reichman LB, O'Day R. Tuberculosis infection in a large urban population. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978; 117:705-12. Google Scholar3. Rezide—The National Encyclopedia of Residential ZIP Code Demography. Washington, DC: Claritas, Inc.; 1974. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lee B. Reichman, MD, MPHAffiliations: New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center; Newark, NJ 07107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1996Volume 124, Issue 6 Page: 612 Keywords Infectious diseases Medical risk factors Multivariate analysis Racial and ethnic issues Skin infections Skin tests Socioeconomic status Tuberculin Tuberculin tests Tuberculosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Remarks on Plague in the Lower Animals
Authors: F. G. Clemow
Journal: BMJ (1900)

THIE association of epidemic disease in human b'ings with di- sease in the lower animals is as old as the history of epidemic diseaselitself.The spirit of modern inquiry is, however, farfrom content with the scanty and superficial evidence which has too often in the past been considered sufficient to establish the -identity of a disease in animals with that prevailing in man.The great historical epidemics of influenza, cholera, and smallpox have frequently Been associated in this indefinite way with a murrain among horses, cattle and sheep, and, at times, with a disease in wild animals.But this coexistence of disease in man and brute appears to have been most often and most definitely met with in the case of plague.Modern research, while throwing doubt upon some of the earlier historical statements, has clearly established the fact that the infection of plague not only can produce a disease closely resembling plague in man when artificially introduced into the tissues of certain animals, but that it not infre-
Points: Banned mucolytic drugs
Authors: J. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1986)

ever, urine osmolality depends-not only on secretion of antidiuretic hormone but also on the kidney's ability to respond.If the kidney's concentratmg ability haa been lost the urine will.bedilute irrespective of the level ofantidiuretic hormone, so the finding ofa dilute urne in this situation does not by itself permit any conclusion to be drawn about antidiuretic hormone secretion.Furthermore, if the kidney is insensitive.toantidiuretic hormone urine osmoLality conveys .noinformation on the setting of the osmostat, which can be assessed only by direct assay of antidiuretic hormoneas a function of serum osmolality Totally implantable vascular access for long.term chemotherapy Dr M F-McMULUN (Royal Victoria Hospital,eat BTl2 6BA) writes: Following the comments of MrA E Youngandcolleagues (7 tecember,-p 1608) I would like to draw attention to another advantage of.thePort-a-Cath.In this unit two patients have used the Hickdman -catheter as a means of attempted suicide, Both patients, young men, had Hickman catheters inserted for intensive chemotherapy, and both attempted suicide by-removing large quantities of blood through the catheter.Despite the problems of assessment, psychiarc disorders are.common among patients with cancer, 2 and cancercan increase the risk of suicide.3In both these patiepis the Hickman catheter,,which.the patients mpulated daily tb selves, was an easy means of access tao the circulatin.Perhaps the insertion of.a Port-a-Cath would have ayoided this complication.
The effect of exercise on motor performance tasks used in the neurological assessment of sports-related concussion
Authors: A G Schneiders, S J Sullivan, P R McCrory, A Gray, S Maruthayanar, P Singh, P Ranhotigammage, R Van der Salm
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Sports-related concussion is assessed using both cognitive and motor performance tasks. There is limited understanding of how exercise affects these measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity exercise on three selected measures of motor performance. A repeated measures design was used to compare baseline motor performance scores with post-exercise scores with an exercise intervention modelled on the physiological demands of a team sport. 30 physically active subjects performed timed motor performance tasks: Finger-to-Nose (FTN), Tandem Gait (TG) and Single Leg Stance (SLS). The tasks were administered twice pre-exercise and twice post-exercise. FTN, TG and SLS demonstrated high test-retest reliability (ICC values >0.8). 15 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise caused a significant improvement in FTN (T2 = 2.66 (SD 0.38), T3 = 2.49 (0.32); p<0.001) and TG (T2 = 13.08 (2.84), T3 = 12.23 (2.22); p = 0.001), but not in SLS (T2 = 5.94 (4.99), T3 = 5.91 (5.54); p = 0.507). Improvement in the performance of motor tasks after exercise has implications for the immediate assessment of sports-related concussion, given that measures of motor performance are utilised in concussion assessment instruments.
588 IN VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF IDX184, A NOVEL AND POTENT INHIBITOR OF HCV REPLICATION
Authors: E. Cretton-Scott, C. Perigaud, S. Peyrottes, L. Licklider, M. Camire, M. Larsson, M. La Colla, E. Hildebrand, L. Lallos, J. Bilello, J. McCarville, M. Seifer, M. Liuzzi, C. Pierra, E. Badaroux, G. Gosselin, D. Surleraux, D.N. Standring
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Alterations of Cardiac Structure in Patients With Isolated Office, Ambulatory, or Home Hypertension
Authors: Roberto Sega, Giuseppe Trocino, Arturo Lanzarotti, Stefano Carugo, Giancarlo Cesana, Riccardo Schiavina, Franco Valagussa, Michele Bombelli, Cristina Giannattasio, Alberto Zanchetti, Giuseppe Mancia
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The prevalence and clinical significance of isolated office (or white coat) hypertension is controversial, and population data are limited. We studied the prevalence of this condition and its association with echocardiographic left ventricular mass in the general population of the PAMELA (Pressione Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni) Study.The study involved a large, randomized sample (n=3200) representative of the Monza (Milan) population, 25 to 74 years of age. Participants in the study (64% of the sample) underwent measurements of office, home, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, and echocardiography. Isolated office hypertension was defined as systolic or diastolic values >/=140 mm Hg or >/=90 mm Hg, respectively. Home and ambulatory normotension were defined according to criteria previously established from the PAMELA Study, for example, <132/83 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic) for home and 125/79 mm Hg for 24-hour average blood pressure. Treated hypertensive subjects were excluded from analysis that was made on a total of 1637 subjects. Depending on normotension being established on systolic or diastolic blood pressure measured at home or over 24 hours, the prevalence of isolated office hypertension ranged from 9% to 12%. In these subjects, left ventricular mass index was greater (P<0.01) than in subjects with normotension both in and outside the office. This was the case also for prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular mass index and hypertrophy were similarly greater in subjects found to have normal office but elevated home or ambulatory blood pressure ( approximately 10% of the population).Isolated office hypertension has a noticeable prevalence in the population and is accompanied by structural cardiac alterations, suggesting that it is not an entirely harmless phenomenon. This is the case also for the opposite condition, that is, normal office but elevated home or ambulatory blood pressure, which implies that limiting blood pressure measurements to office values may not suffice in identification of subjects at risk.
The Diagnostic Value of Sputum Culture in Acute Pneumonia
Authors: Sigurdur B. Thorsteinsson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In a prospective study of patients with acute pneumonia, the results of bacteriologic analysis of sputum, transtracheal aspirate (TA), and bronchial aspirate (BA) were compared. Streptococcus pneumoniae was grown from all three sources as the predominant organism in 13 of 16 cases; the remaining three patients had nonbacterial lung disease. These data support the traditional concept that culture of the sputum is highly reliable in providing a correct diagnosis in acute pneumonia.
A Surgeon With AIDS
Authors: James S. Fulghum
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Your July 25th issue contains several reports concerning the AIDS crisis. Of particular interest to me as a neurosurgeon in active clinical practice is the question of the responsibility of a physician to disclose a physical or mental impairment to the patient should that impairment place the patient at some degree of risk. That risk may involve direct surgeon-to-patient transmission of the AIDS virus or it may involve professional competence. The former problem was investigated in the article by Mishu et al 1 with the conclusion seeming to be that the risk of surgeon-to-patient HIV transmission was small but real. The editorial by Frank S. Rhame, MD, 2 concerning the HIV-infected surgeon, addressed infectivity only and seemed to say that with close monitoring and better infection control procedures, that should not be a problem either. One must evaluate these opinions in view of the recent disclosure by