tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Integrated care should be NHS priority, say think tanks
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Over the last decade, the advances in Brainbow labeling allowed labeling hundreds of neurons with distinct colors in the same field of view of a brain [1, 2]. Reconstruction (or "tracing") of the 3D structures of these images has been enabled by a growing set of software tools for automatic and manual annotation. It is common, however, to have errors introduced by heuristics used by tracing software, namely that they assume the "best" path is the highest intensity one, a more pertinent issue when dealing with multicolor microscope images. Here, we report nCorrect, an algorithm for correcting this error by reanalyzing previously created neuron traces to produce more physiologically-relevant ones. Specifically, we use a four dimensional minimization algorithm to identify a more-optimal reconstruction of the image, allowing us to better take advantage of existing manual tracing results. We define a new metric (hyperspectral cosine similarity) for describing the similarity of different neuron colors to each other. Our code is available in an open source license and forms the basis for future improved neuron tracing software.
Rhabdomyolysis, Hypocalcemia, and Hypophosphatemia
Authors: J. Olivero
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their report of heat hyperpyrexia and rhabdomyolysis associated with hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia (253:633, 1976), Drs Mason and Thomas commented on the lack of a satisfactory explanation for these findings. It is of particular interest that this patient had been receiving long-term barbiturate therapy, which is known to induce a vitamin-D, deficiency-like syndrome with hypocalcemia and secondary hypophosphatemia.<sup>1</sup>Additionally, it may be assumed that her oral intake had been inadequate for several days prior to her admission, and that a borderline hypophosphatemia could have then been worsened further by the intravenous infusion of glucose solutions. Hypocalcemia can be seen in the absence of hyperphosphatemia after muscle damage before renal failure sets in.<sup>2</sup>This condition will lead to excessive parathormone release, which in turn will increase the renal clearance of phosphorus once renal function returns to normal. In the case reported, renal function returned to "normal"
Acute pulmonary microembolism induces different regional changes in preload and contraction pattern in canine right ventricle
Authors: B. Zwissler, H. Forst, K. Messmer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of acute pulmonary embolism on local myocardial preload and contraction pattern in right ventricle.Measurements of preload and contraction pattern were made in inflow and outflow tracts of canine right ventricular free wall by sonomicrometry. Local right ventricular preload was assessed from end diastolic segment length. Contraction pattern was assessed from pressure-length loops and quantified by calculating maximal, systolic, and postsystolic shortening, and protosystolic segment elongation. Data were obtained before and after microembolization with 100 microns glass beads in combination with oleic acid.13 foxhounds of either sex were used, weight 20.4 +/- 4.0 kg.Pulmonary microembolization resulted in a rise in systolic, mean, and end diastolic right ventricular pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. At the same time, the pressure-length loops, originally triangular or oval, became rectangular in both inflow and outflow tract. Normalised end diastolic segment length increased in the inflow tract from 10.0 to 10.3 mm (p less than 0.01), but simultaneously decreased in the outflow tract, from 10.0 to 9.6 mm (p less than 0.05). Segment shortening in the inflow tract was not affected but deteriorated in the outflow tract from 11.6 to 2.7% (p less than 0.01).Increase in afterload due to pulmonary microembolization caused regionally different changes in local preload and segment shortening in right ventricular free wall. Clinically available measures of global right ventricular preload do not assess these local differences in preload and therefore may fail to reflect the functional state of the right ventricle accurately.
AN ATTENUATED SURRA OF MAURITIUS WITH IMMUNITY TESTS AFTER RECOVERY
Authors: B. T. Terry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

Apparently as a result of repeated passages through guinea pigs, the virulence of surra of Mauritius for mice became greatly attenuated. Three mice recovered spontaneously and two remained carriers of tryanosomes for four to seven weeks after the parasites were last seen in their blood. The mice that recovered acquired no lasting immunity. While the virulence of the parasites decreased for mice, it increased for guinea pigs. By cultivating the parasites in mice the virulence for these animals was restored after four to eight passages.
T lymphocytes coexpressing CCR4 and a chimeric antigen receptor targeting CD30 have improved homing and antitumor activity in a Hodgkin tumor model
Authors: Antonio Di Stasi, Biagio De Angelis, Cliona M. Rooney, Lan Zhang, Aruna Mahendravada, Aaron E. Foster, Helen E. Heslop, Malcolm K. Brenner, Gianpietro Dotti, Barbara Savoldo
Journal: Blood (2009)
Zinc deficiency in children with dyslexia: concentrations of zinc and other minerals in sweat and hair
Authors: E. C G Grant, J. M Howard, S. Davies, H. Chasty, B. Hornsby, J. Galbraith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

related complex present diagnostic difficulties.The lymphadenopathy in this group may result from a treatable infection or neoplasm.To our knowledge these are the first reported cases in which ultrasound guided percutaneous biopsy has been done in such patients.We performed Tru-Cut biopsy rather than fine needle aspiration because this technique is capable of yielding a tissue specific diagnosis so that lymphomas may be characterised by their nodal architecture and immunohistological features.Percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy is a simple method of obtaining tissue in patients with symptoms resulting from infection with HIV.It may remove the need for laparotomy, which has many disadvantages, including the use of considerable resources to provide appropriate precautions for the larger number of staff at risk of contact with infected blood.With this technique a skilled operator can achieve millimetric precision in placing the biopsy needle.In our experience of over 200 abdominal biopsies it is a safe technique even when the needle crosses bowel or includes bowel wall in the biopsy specimen (unpublished data).Furthermore, it is cheap and puts only the operator at risk of needlestick injury.
Prognostic B-cell Signatures Using mRNA-Seq in Patients with Subtype-Specific Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Michael D. Iglesia, Benjamin G. Vincent, Joel S. Parker, Katherine A. Hoadley, Lisa A. Carey, Charles M. Perou, Jonathan S. Serody
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Lymphocytic infiltration of tumors predicts improved survival in patients with breast cancer. Previous studies have suggested that this survival benefit is confined predominantly to the basal-like subtype. Immune infiltration in ovarian tumors is also associated with improved prognosis. Currently, it is unclear what aspects of the immune response mediate this improved outcome.Using The Cancer Genome Atlas mRNA-seq data and a large microarray dataset, we evaluated adaptive immune gene expression by genomic subtype in breast and ovarian cancer. To investigate B-cells observed to be prognostic within specific subtypes, we developed methods to analyze B-cell population diversity and degree of somatic hypermutation (SHM) from B-cell receptor (BCR) sequences in mRNA-seq data.Improved metastasis-free/progression-free survival was correlated with B-cell gene expression signatures, which were restricted mainly to the basal-like and HER2-enriched breast cancer subtypes and the immunoreactive ovarian cancer subtype. Consistent with a restricted epitope-driven response, a subset of basal-like and HER2-enriched breast tumors and immunoreactive ovarian tumors showed high expression of a low-diversity population of BCR gene segments. More BCR segments showed improved prognosis with increased expression in basal-like breast tumors and immunoreactive ovarian tumors compared with other subtypes. Basal-like and HER2-enriched tumors exhibited more BCR sequence variants in regions consistent with SHM.Taken together, these data suggest the presence of a productive and potentially restricted antitumor B-cell response in basal-like breast and immunoreactive ovarian cancers. Immunomodulatory therapies that support B-cell responses may be a promising therapeutic approach to targeting these B-cell infiltrated tumors.
Abstract B17: A microscale 3-D in vitro model of the breast cancer progression from DCIS to IDC: Deciphering the role of the stromal fibroblasts
Authors: Kyung Eun Sung, Carolyn Pehlke, Erwin Berthier, Kevin W. Eliceiri, Andreas Friedl, David J. Beebe
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a critical step in breast cancer. This invasive transition of DCIS is defined by stromal invasion and is a life-threatening step accompanied by a dramatic drop in prognosis. In addition, the invasive transition of DCIS is largely driven by stromal alteration; thus it is critical to understand how DCIS alters the surrounding microenvironment, thus causing the cancer cells to become invasive. This study investigates the role of stromal fibroblasts in the vicinity of DCIS during the invasive transition using an innovative multidisciplinary approach that combines 3D cancer biology, microfluidics, and high-resolution imaging. We recently developed an efficient 3D microfluidic system that supports the transition from DCIS to IDC. The in vitro system employs microchannels with two inputs and one output enabling MCF10-DCIS.com cells (MCF-DCIS) and human mammary fibroblasts (HMF) to be loaded in two adjacent (side-by-side) compartments. This platform allows investigations of effects of spatial organization on the transition by independently analyzing their morphology and the modifications to the surrounding collagen architecture. Importantly, the compartmentalized platform enables monitoring of both MCF-DCIS and HMF independently including quantitative measures of the collagen architecture associated with each cell type. We observed that the HMF near MCF-DCIS became more protrusive versus HMF relatively far from MCF-DCIS. We have also begun to identify how the HMF become activated and protrusive when co-cultured with MCF-DCIS and to understand the biological function and impact of protrusive HMF during DCIS progression to IDC. We verified that the signaling based on Cathepsin D produced from MCF-DCIS and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) from HMF is involved in regulation of the protrusive activity of HMF. Additionally, knocking down LRP1 in HMF inhibited the invasive transition of MCF-DCIS. This study demonstrates one possible route through which MCF-DCIS activate pre-existing fibroblasts and subsequently, leads to the modification of the ECM and the progression to IDC. Citation Format: Kyung Eun Sung, Carolyn Pehlke, Erwin Berthier, Kevin W. Eliceiri, Andreas Friedl, David J. Beebe. A microscale 3-D in vitro model of the breast cancer progression from DCIS to IDC: Deciphering the role of the stromal fibroblasts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.
Phenotype of Mice and Macrophages Deficient in Both Phagocyte Oxidase and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Michael U Shiloh, John D MacMicking, Susan Nicholson, Juliet E Brause, Strite Potter, Michael Marino, Ferric Fang, Mary Dinauer, Carl Nathan
Journal: Immunity (1999)

The two genetically established antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages are production of reactive oxygen intermediates by phagocyte oxidase (phox) and reactive nitrogen intermediates by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Mice doubly deficient in both enzymes (gp91 phox−/−/NOS2−/−) formed massive abscesses containing commensal organisms, mostly enteric bacteria, even when reared under specific pathogen-free conditions with antibiotics. Neither parental strain showed such infections. Thus, phox and NOS2 appear to compensate for each other's deficiency in providing resistance to indigenous bacteria, and no other pathway does so fully. Macrophages from gp91 phox−/−/NOS2 −/− mice could not kill virulent Listeria. Their killing of S. typhimurium, E. coli, and attenuated Listeria was markedly diminished but demonstrable, establishing the existence of a mechanism of macrophage antibacterial activity independent of phox and NOS2.
Targeting host B-cell immune responses by persistent donor NK-cell alloreactivity following nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Roelof Flierman, Geert Westerhuis, Marjolijn Hameetman, Leonie M. van Duivenvoorde, Thorbald van Hall, Jacob M. van Laar, Willem E. Fibbe, René E. M. Toes
Journal: Blood (2007)
TREATMENT OF A TYPE II DIABETIC BY A TOTALLY IMPLANTABLE INSULIN INFUSION DEVICE
Authors: Henry Buchwald, RichardL. Varco, WilliamM. Rupp, FayJ. Goldenberg, Jose Barbosa, ThomasD. Rohde, RobertA. Schwartz, ThomasG. Rublein, PerryJ. Blackshear
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Emulation learning and cultural learning
Authors: Michael Tomasello
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Byrne &amp; Russon redefine the process of emulation learning as “goal emulation” and thereby distort its most distinctive characteristic: the criterion that the observer focuses on environmental rather than behavioral processes. The two empirical examples recounted – gorilla plant processing and orangutan manipulation of human artifacts – are hierarchically organized behaviors, but there is very little evidence that they involve imitative learning, program-level or otherwise.
Suppression of Tumor Development and Metastasis Formation in Mice Lacking the <i>S100A4(mts1)</i> Gene
Authors: Birgitte Grum-Schwensen, Jörg Klingelhofer, Christian Hededam Berg, Christina El-Naaman, Mariam Grigorian, Eugene Lukanidin, Noona Ambartsumian
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The S100A4(mts1) protein stimulates metastatic spread of tumor cells. An elevated expression of S100A4 is associated with poor prognosis in many human cancers. Dynamics of tumor development were studied in S100A4-deficient mice using grafts of CSML100, highly metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma cells. A significant delay in tumor uptake and decreased tumor incidences were observed in S100A4(-/-) mice compared with the wild-type controls. Moreover, tumors developed in S100A4(-/-) mice never metastasize. Immunohistochemical analyses of these tumors revealed reduced vascularity and abnormal distribution of host-derived stroma cells. Coinjection of CSML100 cells with immortalized S100A4(+/+) fibroblasts partially restored the dynamics of tumor development and the ability to form metastasis. These fibroblasts were characterized by an enhanced motility and invasiveness in comparison with S100A4(-/-) fibroblasts, as well as by the ability to release S100A4 into the tumor environment. Taken together, our results point to a determinative role of host-derived stroma cells expressing S100A4 in tumor progression and metastasis.
Clicking Sounds in the Ear
Authors: Ralph D. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Twenty years ago a 29-year-old white man bumped his forehead slightly when involved in an automobile accident. Except for transient vertigo he suffered no other immediate side effects. X-ray films of the skull and detailed examinations revealed no evidence of injury. Two days after the accident, however, he noticed a clicking in his ears. The clicking was regular at a rate of 110 per minute and was not associated with the pulse or heart beat. No movements of the tympanic membranes, jaw muscles, or soft palate could be observed. This phenomenon was reported inThe Journalin 1948.<sup>1</sup>I first saw him in 1961. The clicking had disappeared from the right ear several months after it was first noted. The noise was still heard coming from the left ear and has persisted. The rate and intensity remain constant. It can still be heard by medical observers
Use of a colonoscope to perform endoscopic therapy in patients with active bleeding from posterior duodenal and gastric ulcers
Authors: L. Fry, K. Mönkemüller, H. Neumann, M. Bellutti, P. Malfertheiner
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Corrected by: Use of a colonoscope to perform endoscopic therapy in patients with active bleeding from posterior duodenal and gastric ulcersEndoscopy 2009; 41(S 02): E108-E108DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214755
Chronotropic and dromotropic responses to stimulation of intracardiac sympathetic nerves to sinoatrial or atrioventricular nodal region in anesthetized dogs.
Authors: Y Furukawa, D W Wallick, P J Martin, M N Levy
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We gave atropine intravenously to autonomically decentralized, open-chest, anesthetized dogs and stimulated the discrete intracardiac sympathetic nerve fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) (SAS stimulation) or atrioventricular (AV (AVS stimulation) nodal region. A brief burst of neural stimuli was delivered during each cardiac cycle. SAS stimulation consistently decreased the atrial cycle length but had variable effects on the AV interval. The positive chronotropic response to SAS stimulation increased when the level of stimulation (i.e., stimulus pulse duration, pulse amplitude, and number of pulses per burst) was increased. When the heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing, SAS stimulation did not change the AV interval. AVS stimulation decreased the AV conduction time but did not change the atrial cycle length. The AV conduction response increased when the level of AVS stimulation was increased. A high level of AVS stimulation induced an AV junctional rhythm in seven of eight experiments. When the atrial pacing interval was decreased, the basal AV interval increased, and the decrease in AV interval induced by AVS stimulation was exaggerated. The chronotropic response to SAS stimulation and the dromotropic response to AVS stimulation were abolished by propranolol given systemically and by lidocaine given topically. From these results, we conclude that in anesthetized dogs treated with atropine, activation of the discrete intracardiac sympathetic nerves to the SA and AV nodal regions controls the sinus rate and AV conduction time independently and activation of the discrete sympathetic nerves may shift the dominant pacemaker site to a subsidiary site.
RADIO-ACTIVE SODIUM ABSORPTION STUDIES IN ERYTHROCYANOSIS CRURUM PUELLARUM FRIGIDA.
Authors: MAURICE GARRETTS, ARTHUR JARRETT, SIDNEY B. OSBORN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article RADIO‐ACTIVE SODIUM ABSORPTION STUDIES IN ERYTHROCYANOSIS CRURUM PUELLARUM FRIGIDA. Get access MAURICE GARRETTS, M.B., M.R.C.P. (Lond.), MAURICE GARRETTS, M.B., M.R.C.P. (Lond.) Senior Registrar, Department of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ARTHUR JARRETT, M.B., M.R.C.P. (Edin.), ARTHUR JARRETT, M.B., M.R.C.P. (Edin.) Dermatological Research Assistant Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SIDNEY B. OSBORN, B.Sc., A. Inst. P., Principal SIDNEY B. OSBORN, B.Sc., A. Inst. P., Principal Physicist University College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 1, 1 January 1958, Pages 22–26, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13787.x Published: 01 January 1958
Distant Invasive Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive T1a and T1b Node-Negative Localized Breast Cancer Diagnosed From 2000 to 2006: A Cohort From an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Louis Fehrenbacher, Angela M. Capra, Charles P. Quesenberry, Regan Fulton, Parveen Shiraz, Laurel A. Habel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To determine the invasive recurrence (IR) risk among patients with small, node-negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive breast cancer.Among 16,975 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2006, in a large, integrated health care system, we identified a cohort of 234 patients with HER2-positive T1aN0M0 or T1bN0M0 (T1abN0M0) disease with a median follow-up of 5.8 years. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the percentage of patients who were free of invasive recurrence (recurrence-free interval [RFI]) at 5 years for both distant (DRFI) and local (LRFI) recurrences.Of 15 IRs, 47% were locoregional only. Among T1ab patients not treated with adjuvant trastuzumab or chemotherapy (n = 171), the 5-year invasive DRFI was 98.2% (95% CI, 94.5% to 99.4%); it was 99.0% (95% CI, 93.0% to 99.9%) for T1a patients, and 97.0% (95% CI, 88.6% to 99.2%) for T1b patients. Locoregional plus distant 5-year invasive RFI was 97.0% (95% CI, 90.9% to 99.0%) for T1a and 91.9% (95% CI, 81.5% to 96.6%) for T1b patients; it was 89.4% (95% CI, 70.6% to 96.5%) for T1b tumors reported at 1.0 cm. T1b tumors reported at 1.0 cm accounted for 24% of the T1ab cohort, 61% of the cohort total tumor volume, and 75% of distant recurrences. Invasive RFI for T1b 1.0 cm tumors was lower than that for T1a tumors: 84.5% versus 97.4% (P = .009).The distant IR risk of T1a HER2-positive breast cancer appears quite low. The distant IR risk in T1b patients, particularly those with 1.0-cm tumors, is higher. Potential risk differences for T1a and T1b, including the 1.0-cm tumors, should be considered when making treatment decisions.
Longitudinal study of lung function in coal-miners.
Authors: R G Love, B G Miller
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Longitudinal loss of lung function in 1677 coal-miners from five British collieries has been calculated from the results of serial cross-sectional epidemiological surveys and compared with measured concurrent individual respirable dust exposures and partially estimated previous cumulative exposures. Loss of forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) over approximately 11 years was found to increase with previous cumulative dust exposure after allowing for the effects of age, height, smoking, and overall colliery differences. This relationship was found to hold with concurrent dust exposure only when colliery differences were ignored. These results confirm by direct measurement inferences drawn indirectly from previous cross-sectional studies of the relationship between FEV1 and dust exposure.
THE RETENTION OF ARSENIC IN THE LATE CUTANEOUS COMPLICATIONS OF ITS ADMINISTRATION.
Authors: A. SCOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article THE RETENTION OF ARSENIC IN THE LATE CUTANEOUS COMPLICATIONS OF ITS ADMINISTRATION. Get access A. SCOTT, M.D. A. SCOTT, M.D. Department of Dermatology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 6, 1 June 1958, Pages 195–200, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13321.x Published: 01 June 1958