tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2077: Modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a dietary agent for the prevention/ treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Arunkumar Arumugam, Thiyagarajan Boopalan, Suman Suman, Trinath P. Das, Chendil Damodaran, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, affecting over 1 million women worldwide (208,000 cases in U.S.) and resulting in 400,000 deaths, yearly. The morbidity associated with breast cancer has been only partially impacted by current treatment modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or hormone therapies. There is an immediate need for effective prevention and/or treatment of breast. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in these processes. For example, a moderate increase in ROS promotes cell proliferation, but excessive amounts of ROS can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, it is possible to manipulate the oxidative stress (redox) system to selectively kill cancer cells. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a well-known medicinal plant having a wide spectrum of biological activities. In our studies, Ethanolic fraction of Neem Leaf (EFNL) significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in both estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells without causing toxicity to normal primary breast epithelial cells. Oral administration of EFNL (5.0 mg/kg body weight) significantly inhibited the growth of MNU-induced mammary tumors without causing any toxicity. EFNL treatment not only inhibited the growth of established mammary tumors, but also significantly inhibited the growth of any new mammary tumors. These interesting results led us to investigate the mechanism underlying EFNL actions on breast cancer. Our results suggested that EFNL induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which lead to inhibition of phosphorylation of the pro-survival signal proteins, Akt and its downstream signaling of mTOR and NF kappa B activation. Over expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases (SOD1 &amp; SOD2) or pharmacological agent [N-acetylcysteine] abrogated EFNL-induced ROS generation, inhibition of cell survival and Akt inactivation in breast cancer cells. These results clearly demonstrate that EFNL induced ROS regulates pro-survival function in breast cancer cells and provides a novel molecular target for breast cancer treatment. The results may provide a preclinical proof-of-principle for a novel targeted therapy for breast cancer cells using EFNL as a nontoxic dietary agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2077. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2077
Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: a clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic study of 22 cases
Authors: O. Servitje, F. Gallardo, T. Estrach, R.M. Pujol, A. Blanco, A. Fernandez-Sevilla, L. Petriz, J. Peyri, V. Romagosa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma: a clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic study of 22 cases Get access O. Servitje, O. Servitje Departments of Dermatology and Dr Octavio Servitje. E‐mail: oservitje@csub.scs.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Gallardo, F. Gallardo Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Estrach, T. Estrach Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. Pujol, R.M. Pujol Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Blanco, A. Blanco Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Cryobiology and Cell Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Fernández‐Sevilla, A. Fernández‐Sevilla Departments of Clinical Haematology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Pétriz, L. Pétriz Radiotherapy, Institut Catalá d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Peyrí, J. Peyrí Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Romagosa V. Romagosa Pathology, Hospital Princeps d'Espanya, Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 6, 1 December 2002, Pages 1147–1158, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04961.x Published: 01 December 2002 Article history Accepted: 08 April 2002 Published: 01 December 2002
How Many Drinks a Day?
Authors: W. P. Castelli
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Alcohol has been the subject of much debate throughout the ages, and it continues to stimulate much of the same. The effects of alcohol are not all to one side of the medical issue. Indeed, recently there has been quite a bit of data to suggest that alcohol may have a beneficial effect on atherosclerosis, which may be seen in a lower rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) in some settings. Elsewhere in this issue (p 1973), Hennekens et al, in a novel approach toward reducing bias in a case-control study, have reported that alcohol has a protective effect against coronary disease. In addition, their study is one of the first to show that the good effect of drinking can be got from beer, wine, or spirits. Just how alcohol lowers the CHD rate is yet to be unraveled. At present the story seems to go as follows: Alcohol increases
Analysis of the stargardt disease gene (ABCR) in age-related macular degeneration☆
Authors: Monica A. De La Paz, Vanessa K. Guy, Suzanne Abou-Donia, Ruth Heinis, Bekki Bracken, Jeffery M. Vance, John R. Gilbert, J.Donald M. Gass, Jonathan L. Haines, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
Journal: Ophthalmology (1999)
Human cerebral osmolytes during chronic hyponatremia. A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Authors: J S Videen, T Michaelis, P Pinto, B D Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The pathogenesis of morbidity associated with hypona- tremia is postulated to be determined by the state of intracel- lular cerebral osmolytes.Previously inaccessible, these me- tabolites can now be quantitated by proton magnetic reso- nance spectroscopy.An in vivo quantitative assay of osmolytes was performed in 12 chronic hyponatremic pa- tients (mean serum sodium 120 meq/liter) and 10 normal controls.Short echo time proton magnetic resonance spec- troscopy of occipital gray and parietal white matter loca- tions revealed dramatic reduction in the concentrations of several metabolites.In gray matter, myo-inositol was most profoundly reduced at 49% of control value.Choline con- taining compounds were reduced 36%, creatine/phosphocreatine 19%, and N-acetylaspartate 11% from controls.Similar changes were found in white matter.Recovery of osmolyte concentrations was demonstrated in four patients studied 8-14 wk later.These results are consistent with a reversible osmolyte reduction under hypoosmolar stress in the intact human brain and offer novel suggestions for treat- ment and monitoring of this common clinical event.(J.Clin.
Transplantation and Hemodialysis
Authors: Joseph E. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Medical advances force new judgments and evaluations. The ethics, legality, and morality of organ transplantation, a recent and still unpredictable therapeutic procedure, has already elicited editorials, special articles, and conferences.<sup>1-5</sup>A consensus seems to have been reached acknowledging the morality of a voluntary donation of a kidney by a relative or friend and the legality of the donation by a minor under the age of 21.<sup>6</sup>Less thought has been devoted to the prospective recipient. Often his opinion and reaction is only guessed at on subjective evidence. At the present time, if the kidney donor is a living relative, approximately 70% of the recipients will survive for at least one year; if the donor is an unrelated cadaver, the chances for a one-year survival are about 50%. Failure may occur for three reasons: (1) inexorable immunological rejection not responsive to immunosuppressive drugs, (2) adverse drug effect on the
Airway Morphology: Epithelium/Basement Membrane
Authors: Annika Laitinen, Lauri A. Laitinen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Morphologic studies have given important information about changes in the airways underlying the functional abnormalities in asthma. Recent biopsy studies have revealed that in asthma an airway inflammatory process is present even at a clinically early stage of the disease. This inflammatory response shows a particular cellular picture with concomitant vascular changes. It is widely thought that dramatic epithelial changes such as epithelial shedding are major mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Because of difficulties in obtaining proper biopsy specimens, it has not yet been established to what extent epithelial shedding really occurs in preterminal stages of asthma. Perhaps a more important aspect than epithelial shedding is a more continuous replacement of the ciliated epithelium by another type of epithelium in asthmatic patients' airways during the early disease stage. The airway epithelial cells, their surface receptors, and the underlying basement membrane seem to play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the epithelium and establishing functional permeability barriers. Disturbances in the structure may lead to events recognized as tissue damage and to the development of inflammation in asthma. We need to learn more about the adhesion mechanisms in asthma, both at the receptor and the ligand sites, to better assess the role of structural epithelial changes in this disease.
Women Physicians in Leadership Roles
Authors: Sara C. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This volume was developed from a symposium entitled "Women in Leadership Roles" that was held at the 1984 annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. It is edited by two proved leaders in psychiatry— Leah Dickstein, MD, associate dean and associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Louisville, and Carol Nadelson, MD, a professor of psychiatry at Tufts University, who recently served as the first woman president of the American Psychiatry Association. The book, divided into nine sections, is written primarily by women physicians and focuses on women leaders in psychiatry, one medical specialty with which women have long been associated. To set the stage historically, Virginia Drachman, an associate professor of history at Tufts University, describes the "separateness" that characterized the role of women in medicine during the 1800s, when women studied in women's medical schools, trained in women's hospitals, cared mainly for women patients, and usually remained
Patients' Views on Identifiability of Samples and Informed Consent for Genetic Research
Authors: Sara Chandros Hull, Richard R. Sharp, Jeffrey R. Botkin, Mark Brown, Mark Hughes, Jeremy Sugarman, Debra Schwinn, Pamela Sankar, Dragana Bolcic-Jankovic, Brian R. Clarridge, Benjamin S. Wilfond
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

It is unclear whether the regulatory distinction between non-identifiable and identifiable information--information used to determine informed consent practices for the use of clinically derived samples for genetic research--is meaningful to patients. The objective of this study was to examine patients' attitudes and preferences regarding use of anonymous and identifiable clinical samples for genetic research. Telephone interviews were conducted with 1,193 patients recruited from general medicine, thoracic surgery, or medical oncology clinics at five United States academic medical centers. Wanting to know about research being done was important to 72% of patients when samples would be anonymous and to 81% of patients when samples would be identifiable. Only 17% wanted to know about the identifiable scenario but not the anonymous scenario (i.e., following the regulatory distinction). Curiosity-based reasons were the most common (37%) among patients who wanted to know about anonymous samples. Of patients wanting to know about either scenario, approximately 57% would require researchers to seek permission, whereas 43% would be satisfied with notification only. Patients were more likely to support permission (versus notification) in the anonymous scenario if they had more education, were Black, less religious, in better health, more private, and less trusting of researchers. The sample, although not representative of the general population, does represent patients at academic medical centers whose clinical samples may be used for genetic research. Few patients expressed preferences consistent with the regulatory distinction between non-identifiable and identifiable information. Data from this study should cause policy-makers to question whether this distinction is useful in relation to research with previously collected clinically derived samples.
Improving care: a study of orthopaedic outpatient referrals.
Authors: M O Roland, R W Porter, J G Matthews, J F Redden, G W Simonds, B Bewley
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To identify aspects of outpatient referral in which general practitioners9, consultants9, and patients9 satisfaction could be improved. DESIGN--Questionnaire survey of general practitioners, consultant orthopaedic surgeons, and patients referred to an orthopaedic clinic. SETTING--Orthopaedic clinic, Doncaster Royal Infirmary. SUBJECTS--628 consecutive patients booked into the orthopaedic clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Views of the general practitioners as recorded both when the referral letter was received and again after the patient had been seen, views of the consultants as recorded at the time of the clinic attendance, and views of the patients as recorded immediately after the clinic visit and some time later. RESULTS--Consultants rated 213 of 449 referrals (42.7%) as possibly or definitely inappropriate, though 373 of 451 patients (82.7%) reported that they were helped by seeing the consultant. Targets for possible improvement included information to general practitioners about available services, communication between general practitioners and consultants, and administrative arrangements in clinics. Long waiting times were a problem, and it seemed that these might be reduced if general practitioners could provide more advice on non-surgical management. Some general practitioners stated that they would value easier telephone access to consultants for management advice. It was considered that an alternative source of management advice on musculoskeletal problems might enable more effective use to be made of specialist orthopaedic resources. Conclusion--A survey of patients9 and doctors9 views of referrals may be used to identify aspects in which the delivery of care could be made more efficient. Developing agreed referral guidelines might help general practitioners to make more effective use of hospital services.
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON A BASIC PEPTIDE PREPARATION DERIVED FROM CALF THYMUS
Authors: James G. Hirsch, René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

A substance possessing antimycobacterial activity under certain conditions in vitro has been prepared from aqueous extracts of calf thymus. Chemical studies have demonstrated that the activity of this substance is due to a basic peptide or a mixture of basic peptides. Although this thymus fraction has been shown to be essentially free of compounds other than peptides, it has not been obtained in a homogeneous state. The thymus peptide preparation is soluble in water and in the lower alcohols. Its solubility is minimal between pH 10 and 11, suggesting that its isoelectric point may be in this vicinity. The microbiological activity of thymus peptide is destroyed by acid or alkaline hydrolysis and also by trypsin digestion, but is unaffected by pepsin digestion. Cellulose membranes are permeable to thymus peptide. The most noteworthy finding concerning the amino acid composition of thymus peptide is the preponderance of the basic amino acids lysine and arginine, which together account for about 40 per cent of the weight of this substance. No cystine, and only trace amounts of other amino acids containing sulfur, are present in the thymus peptide preparation.
Classification of stillbirth
Authors: Jason Gardosi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

ABSTRACT. An important component of amyloid fibrils in dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is β<sub>2</sub>-microglobulin (β<sub>2</sub>m) modified with advanced glycation end products (AGE). The amyloid deposits are located principally in joint structures, with adjacent chronic inflammatory reaction characterized by monocyte infiltration. This study examined the interaction of AGE-β<sub>2</sub>m with human synovial fibroblasts and investigated the proinflammatory effects of that interaction. It was demonstrated that human synovial fibroblasts constitutively expressed the receptor for AGE (RAGE). RAGE expression was detected mainly in synovial intima and was upregulated in DRA synovium. <sup>125</sup>I-AGE-β<sub>2</sub>m bound to immobilized human synovial fibroblasts in a specific, dose-dependent manner (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub> of approximately 138.0 nM), and binding was inhibited by anti-RAGE IgG. Incubation of human synovial fibroblasts with AGE-β<sub>2</sub>m induced degradation of this AGE-modified protein, as well as increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein expression. The amount of MCP-1 produced by AGE-β<sub>2</sub>m-stimulated human synovial fibroblasts was sufficient to induce the chemotaxis of monocytes. MCP-1 synthesis resulted from engagement of RAGE, because the increase in MCP-1 synthesis was attenuated by preincubation of human synovial fibroblasts with anti-RAGE IgG. These data provide evidence of RAGE-mediated perturbation of human synoviocytes, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes associated with DRA.
Remarks on the Study and Practice of Public Medicine
Authors: Wm. H. Corfield
Journal: BMJ (1875)

GENTLEMEN,-In opening the Session here, it is customary for the one who addresses you, either to lay before you an outline of the studies you are going to pursue during your career, and to advise you how best to prosecute them; or to discuss some topic of especial me- dical interest at the time; or to do a little of both.As most of the public lectures given on medical topics of late years have related more or less to sanitary matters, as sanitary questions absorb the greatest amount of interest at the present day, and as not only medical men but all classes of society are interested in them to the highest degree, as they are now made political affairs, and a prime minister comes to us with his famous paraphrase, Sanitas sanitatum, omnia sanitas; andl, as the teaching of sanitary science was first started here on a separate footing, and is now being brought into a position of greater promi- nence, you will hardly be surprised if I consider it my duty as well as my pleasure, to seize this opportunity of attempting to impress upon your minds at the outset of your career, the extreme importance to you as future medical men, on whom will devolve the care of the health of so many others, of a thorough knowledge of the laws which govern the health of individuals and of the community at large, and of the means by which suffering, disease, and death, may be prevented.As you are all probably aware, sanitary science is not yet, like most of the subjects of medical study are, compulsory.Medical students are not obliged to attend lectures on the laws of health ; so I want to show you to day how necessary it is for you as future medical practitioners to know something about those laws.Very likely and very naturally, the idea of many of you is that you come here to learn to be medical practitioners, to learn the art of healing, and not to learn how to prevent disease.Indeed, it may seem to you that, by studying to prevent disease, you are studying what is no part of your business.Now, let us consider this for a moment.Medical men stuidy diseases from all points of view.They study how they arise, what their causes are, how they spread, how the pain they cause may be alleviated, and how they may be remedied.Medical men do all this of necessity in order that they may be able to practise their profession.They have to know more about diseases than other people do; they know the con- ditions of their origin, and how they spread; and they are thereby
Use of Technetium-99m Albumin Colloid to Assess Competency of Hemidiaphragms in Children
Authors: SUSAN L. WILLIAMSON, MICHAEL R. WILLIAMSON, E STEVERS GOLLADAY, JOANNA J. SEIBERT, HELEN L. BUTLER, CHARLES M. GLASIER, GEORGE B. MALLORY, TONY LATTURE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Three cases are presented in which the intraperitoneal injection of radiopharmaceutical is used to assess diaphragmatic competency.
The changing pattern of infectious disease.
Authors: K Ikwueke
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Several factors contribute towards a decrease in the prevalence of infectious disease in a population. These include active control measures, active immunisation, and improvement in the socioeconomic state of the population. There appears, however, to be a progressive increase in the resistance of a population in relation to the length of time the population has been exposed to an agent. This increasing resistance is currently thought to be an expression of natural selection but transmission of actively acquired immunity cannot be ruled out and in the light of current evidence remains a highly probable contributory factor.
Consent for transfusion
Authors: F G Williams
Journal: BMJ (1997)

All patients have the legal and ethical right before they agree to treatment to receive adequate information on the aims, benefits, and risks of the treatment. In Britain this is firmly stated in the patient's charter, as well as being highlighted by the Medical Defence Union1 and the Medical Protection Society2 in their publications. It is also emphasised as a doctor's duty by the General Medical Council: “In particular as a doctor you must give patients information in a way they can understand; respect the rights of patients to be fully involved in decisions about their care.”3 During most transactions between patients and doctors consent is implied, but when a procedure is likely to carry a substantial or material risk the right is usually interpreted as asking patients to provide express written consent. In the United Kingdom, …