tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parkinsonism after Taking Ecstasy
Authors: Scott Mintzer, Susan Hickenbottom, Sid Gilman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or “ecstasy”), a hallucinogen, has increased both in Europe and the United States.1 This substance is manufactured in illicit laboratories from a variety of organic ketone precursors. MDMA, which is structurally related both to the stimulant amphetamine and to the hallucinogen mescaline, promotes the release of both serotonin and dopamine from synaptic terminals.2 We report a case of parkinsonism after repeated use of this drug. A 29-year-old man had slight clumsiness of his upper and lower extremities in August 1998. During the following four weeks he began to have difficulty walking and . . .
National Maternity Report: Correction
Authors: E. Holland
Journal: BMJ (1944)

<h3>Objective</h3> To explain (1) why an initial upbeat nystagmus (UBN) converts to a permanent downbeat nystagmus (DBN) in Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and (2) why convergence and certain vestibular provocative maneuvers may transiently switch UBN to DBN. <h3>Methods</h3> Following a literature review and study of our 2 patients, we develop hypotheses for the unusual patterns of vertical nystagmus in WE. <h3>Results</h3> Our overarching hypothesis is that there is a selective vulnerability and a selective recovery from thiamine deficiency of neurons within brainstem gaze-holding networks. Furthermore, since the circuits affected in WE are commonly paraventricular, especially medially, just under the floor of the fourth ventricle where lie structures important for control of vertical gaze, we suggest the patterns of involvement in WE also reflect a breakdown in vulnerable areas of the blood–brain barrier. Many of the initial deficits of our patients improved over time, but their DBN did not. Irreversible changes in paramedian tract neurons, which project to the cerebellar flocculus, may be the cause. Here we suggest that conversion of UBN to permanent DBN points to thiamine deficiency and may argue for a chronic, nonprogressive DBN/truncal ataxia syndrome. Finally, we posit that the transient switch of UBN to DBN reflects abnormal processing of otolith information about linear acceleration, and often points to a diagnosis of WE. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Recognizing the unusual patterns of transient switching and then permanent conversion of UBN to DBN in WE is vital since long-term disability from WE may be prevented by timely, parenteral high-dose thiamine.
Clinical and immunological effects of immunotherapy with alum‐absorbed grass allergoid in grass‐pollen‐induced hay fever
Authors: E. A. Pastorello, V. Pravettoni, C. Incorvaia, M. Mambretti, E. Franck, R. Wahl, C. Zanussi
Journal: Allergy (1992)

A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of immunotherapy was conducted in 19 patients with grass‐pollen hay fever to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a formalinized depot grass allergoid. The patients were assessed before and during IT by clinical (symptom‐medication scores during the grass‐ pollen season, specific nasal and skin reactivity) and immunological (specific IgE, IgG, IgG 1 and IgG 4 antibodies) parameters. High doses of grass allergoid, corresponding to a cumulative pre‐seasonal dosage of 46050 PNU, were administered, with only one systemic reaction. The actively treated patients had significantly lower symptom‐medication scores than placebo ( p &lt; 0.01) during the month of May and showed a significant decrease in specific skin ( p &lt; 0.01) and nasal ( p &lt; 0.05) reactivity, and a significant early increase in specific IgE ( p &lt; 0.01), IgG ( p &lt; 0.0005), IgG 1 ( p &lt; 0.001) and IgG 4 ( p &lt; 0.05), with a subsequent decrease of IgE and IgG 1 . No differences were detected in any of these parameters in the placebo group. A correlation was found between high IgG 4 /IgG 1 ratio and the specific skin reactivity decrease (r = 0.691, p &lt; 0.05), whereas a high IgG 4 /IgG 1 , ratio was associated with higher symptom‐medication scores (r = 0.654, p &lt; 0.05). Possible explanations of these apparent discrepancies are proposed.
Targeted Inhibition of Cardiomyocyte Gi Signaling Enhances Susceptibility to Apoptotic Cell Death in Response to Ischemic Stress
Authors: Brent R. DeGeorge, Erhe Gao, Matthieu Boucher, Leif E. Vinge, Jeffrey S. Martini, Philip W. Raake, J. Kurt Chuprun, David M. Harris, Gilbert W. Kim, Stephen Soltys, Andrea D. Eckhart, Walter J. Koch
Journal: Circulation (2008)

A salient characteristic of dysfunctional myocardium progressing to heart failure is an upregulation of the adenylyl cyclase inhibitory guanine nucleotide (G) protein alpha subunit, G alpha(i2). It has not been determined conclusively whether increased Gi activity in the heart is beneficial or deleterious in vivo. Gi signaling has been implicated in the mechanism of cardioprotective agents; however, no in vivo evidence exists that any of the G alpha subunits are cardioprotective. We have created a novel molecular tool to specifically address the role of Gi proteins in normal and dysfunctional myocardium.We have developed a class-specific Gi inhibitor peptide, GiCT, composed of the region of G alpha(i2) that interacts specifically with G protein-coupled receptors. GiCT inhibits Gi signals specifically in vitro and in vivo, whereas Gs and Gq signals are not affected. In vivo expression of GiCT in transgenic mice effectively causes a "functional knockout" of cardiac G alpha(i2) signaling. Inducible, cardiac-specific GiCT transgenic mice display a baseline phenotype consistent with nontransgenic mice. However, when subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury, GiCT transgenic mice demonstrate a significant increase in infarct size compared with nontransgenic mice (from 36.9+/-2.5% to 50.9+/-4.3%). Mechanistically, this post-ischemia/reperfusion phenotype includes increased myocardial apoptosis and resultant decreased contractile performance.Overall, our results demonstrate the in vivo utility of GiCT to dissect specific mechanisms attributed to Gi signaling in stressed myocardium. Our results with GiCT indicate that upregulation of G alpha(i2) is an adaptive protective response after ischemia to shield myocytes from apoptosis.
Die automatische Saugspritze: Ein Bericht über dreijährige Erfahrungen
Authors: G. Eberhardt
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

The use of an automatically aspirating syringe in directed or blind liver biopsy is advocated. After stretching a spring one man can do the directed liver biopsy through the laparoscope as soon as the needle has penetrated the liver capsule.
South African gem of medical history.
Authors: P. Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1988)

patient undergoing duodenal biopsy who had had a Polya gastrectomy.Shiner thought that with minor modifications biopsies could be obtained from the normally sited jejunum.'4Once the first part of the duodenum had been reached, a rubber balloon attached to the distal end of the head piece was inflated and this, it was found, allowed the head to travel through the third and fourth parts ofthe duodenum and so reach the jejunum (fig 4).Margot Shiner's biopsy tube was rather cumbersome.In Puerto Rico, where Haas had first noted the higher incidence of sprue in town dwellers as opposed to farmers whose diet contained a large proportion of bananas, Lieutenant Colonel W H Crosby of the United States army recognised the need for a more flexible instrument for obtaining jejunal biopsies for examination by the army's sprue team.Various triggering devices for initiating the action of a spring loaded knife were considered.Timers, solenoids, and magnets were rejected in favour of an air pressure mechanism, and in 1957 he and Heinz W Kugler published details of what has become known as the Crosby capsule.
Sheenah Jean McKinnon Russell
Authors: Morag Williams
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The death of Dr Sheenah Jean McKinnon Russell took place just three weeks short of her 87th birthday in Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, where she had given outstanding and distinguished service as the first full time consultant paediatrician—a rare achievement for a woman at the time—and where she was the doyenne of the medical scene.

Sheenah, the only child of George and Jean Russell, both teachers, spent her youth in Glasgow. She attended the High School for Girls. A distinguished pupil, her reports placed her first in her class each year and dux of the school.

At Glasgow University she studied medicine and graduated MB ChB in 1943. She was awarded the class medal in clinical medicine, and she received a first class certificate. She took up resident posts in midwifery at Lennox Castle; in medicine at Stobhill, where Professor Noah Morris proved to be a wonderful teacher; and surgery at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Wartime conditions hampered progress because the medical boards of the local war office failed to give leave for her to proceed to a resident’s position at the Sick Children’s Hospital. Nevertheless, she pursued her special interest by serving unofficially in the Sick Children’s Hospital and doing jobs for the professor, who in time achieved clinical assistant status for her there, a situation which merited some small remuneration. A Muirhead Scholarship of £50 per annum and an All Fellows Scholarship …
Abstract 5269: Mechanistic insights into regulation of metastasis by Sipa1
Authors: Thomas R. Geiger, Katie Mattaini, Mia Williams, Renard Walker, Jude Alsarraj, Rosan Nieves Borges, Kent Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastasis is the major cause for morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. Still, the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis are incompletely understood. Conceivably, a better knowledge of the metastatic process will enable the design of better treatments for cancer patients in the future. Previously, we have shown that genetic background has a strong influence on metastasis susceptibility in breast cancer mouse models. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the Sipa1 gene are associated with metastasis in mice and human breast cancer patients. Consistent with this observation, we have shown that Sipa1 regulates metastasis in breast cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We identified several potential binding partners of SIPA1 in a yeast-two-hybrid screen, and confirmed interactions of SIPA1 with BRD4, RRP1B and SUN2 in subsequent experiments. Our analysis suggests that several complexes of SIPA1 exist in different compartments of the cell. A structure-function analysis that we have begun to carry out indicates that Sipa1 regulates metastasis in several ways, depending on its interaction partners and subcellular localization. Furthermore, the enzymatic GTPase-activating function of Sipa1 appears to play a critical role in regulating metastasis. These results could facilitate developing novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5269. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5269
523 ADD-ON PEG-IFN IMPROVES HBSAG KINETICS IN PATIENTS LONG-TERM FULLY SUPPRESSED BY NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGS
Authors: P. Lampertico, F. Invernizzi, R. Soffredini, F. Facchetti, G. Lunghi, M. Viganò, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
THE DISPLACEMENT OF SERUM WATER BY THE LIPIDS OF HYPERLIPEMIC SERUM. A NEW METHOD FOR THE RAPID DETERMINATION OF SERUM WATER 1
Authors: Margaret J. Albrink, Pauline M. Hald, Evelyn B. Man, John P. Peters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

In the course of studies on lactescence of serum, it was found that the insoluble lipids displaced se- rum water to a degree which was occasionally great enough to be of considerable practical im- portance.The immediate consequence of this displacement was the finding of spuriously low concentrations of water-soluble components of se- rum, although their concentrations were normal when repeated on sera from which the insoluble lipids had been removed by ultracentrifugation.These observations clearly showed the need for a simple, rapid method for determination of se- rum water that would be applicable to sera with a high concentration of lipids.The method using Karl Fischer reagent (1) has been adapted for the rapid determination of serum water (2) but it was not known whether this would be applicable to highly lactescent sera.A new method based on freezing point depression meets the requirements stipulated and is reported herein.It is compared with the gravimetric method and the serum pro- tein method of estimating serum water.The di- lution effect of lipids on serum has been evalu- ated.2METHODS A. Chemical methods:Lipids are reported as total fatty acids released by the hydrolysis of the lipid extract (4).Total proteins were determined by the Kjeldahl method when the serum was lactescent, and by the biuret method when it was clear.Chloride was determined by a micro modification of the Volhard method (5).A flame photometer was employed for the determination of sodium (6).B. Ultracentrifugal studies:Lactescent sera were centrifuged at 18,000 r.p.m. for
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in mitral valve disease.
Authors: I G McDonald
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Echocardiography was used to study left ventricular size and contraction in 90 patients with isolated mitral valve disease--47 patients with mitral stenosis, 26 with mixed mitral valve disease and 89 with mitral regurgitation. Left ventricular measurements included the end-diastolic internal dimension (LVIDd), mural thickness (PWTd), an index of circumferential myocardial contraction--fractional shortening (see article)--and stroke volume (LVSV). The left ventricle was abnormally small only when mitral stenosis was severe. Reduced myocardial contraction was common in patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease but was rarely severe. In mitral regurgitation without left ventricular failure, measurements were characteristic of volume overload with increases in LVIDd, LVSV and PWTd which were related to the severity of regurgitation. In other diseases, left ventricular failure is usually associated with reduced myocardial contraction (FS) but in mitral regurgitation with failure, myocardial contraction (FS 32%) did not differ significantly from normal (34%). The reduction in afterload caused by mitral regurgitation probably increases myocardial contraction and may lead to underestimation of the severity of myocardial impairment. Also potentially misleading was severe mitral regurgitation with normal values for LVIDd and LVSV (three patients). When the distinction between cardiomyopathy with secondary mitral regurgitation and primary mitral regurgitation was difficult clinically, echocardiography could usually make the distinction by demonstrating severe reduction of myocardial contraction with a slight or moderate increase in LVSV.
Improving the management of superficial bladder cancer.
Authors: D Kirk
Journal: BMJ (1993)

testing we suggest that patients should receive different letters, according to exposure, explaining why testing should be considered.Patients who have undergone highly exposure prone invasive procedures-by analogy with hepatitis B virus transmission-should be recommended to undergo HIV testing.Patients whose risks of exposure are slight should also be offered testing-accumulated data from many such patients would provide a better basis for reassurance.Notification letters should contain a special HIV surveillance test request form and the Association of British Insurers waiver concerning negative HIV tests in these circumstances, which has proved a source of confusion during previous exercises.5The pro- portion of notified patients who underwent testing should be registered and results analysed according to date and type of operative procedure undertaken: the risk of HIV trans- mission may depend on the stage of the health care worker's infection.The new guidelines envisage a series of time consuming, costly, and emotionally charged notifications undertaken with the justifiable aim of reassuring patients at a low but currently unquantified risk.Far better that in the course of such laborious exercises, useful data emerge which can provide patients with genuine reassurance and can assist the develop- ment of safer forms of surgery-to the benefit of surgeon and patient alike.
Abstract 4299: CD150, A predictor for xenotransplantation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia to NOD/SCID mice
Authors: Liang Huang, Na Wang, Shuyan Ma, Jingping Liu, Min Wang, Xiaoming Song, Shi Chen, Taiping Chen, Yiyou Chen, Jianfeng Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract CD150 is a member of the SLAM family that recently has been reported to be differentially expressed among primitive progenitors in the bone marrow of adult mouse. It was utilized to purify hematopoietic stem cells using a simple combination of SLAM family members. To elucidate the presence of this family on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we analyzed the expression of this family member on human B-ALL progenitor cells, as well as its relationship with the engraftment of leukemic blasts in serial xenotransplantation assay. Expression analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. We combined the expression pattern of human CD150, CD244 and CD48 with serial xenotransplantation of B-ALL progenitor cells to indicate their relationship. Our data showed that CD48 and CD244 were expressed on most B-ALL progenitor cells, and interestingly only blast cells with low percentage of CD150+ population were able to reconstitute leukemia into primary, secondary and tertiary NOD/SCID mice. In conclusion, SLAM family members are present on B-ALL progenitor cells and the engraftment potential of leukemic blasts is correlated negatively with the proportion of CD150+ cells, the percentage of which can serve as a useful predictor for graft success of B-ALL to immune deficient mice. The mechanism of CD150 as a predictor is under further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4299. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4299
Intramyocardial blood volume, perfusion and transit time in response to embolization of different sized microvessels
Authors: S MOHLENKAMP
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: To study the role of the coronary microcirculation in response to different-sized microemboli, we measured changes in intramyocardial microvascular blood volume (Bv), perfusion (F) and transit time (TT) and also microvascular patterns of injury. Methods: Bv, F and TT were quantitated in 24 pigs at baseline and again 2 min after repeat injections of 10- or 100-μm microspheres at rest or during intracoronary adenosine infusion. The association of Bv and TT was assessed in the microsphere pigs and in nine control pigs. Microvascular injury was studied on gross-pathologic and histologic samples. Results: At rest, initial injection of 10-μm microspheres led to increases in Bv and F, but progressively decreased with additional injections. In contrast, even small numbers of 100-μm microspheres always led to decreases in Bv and F. Injection of microspheres during adenosine-induced vasodilation always resulted in decreases in peak Bv and F irrespective of their diameters, but microvascular TTs remained unaltered. In control pigs, however, TTs were inversely related to adenosine-induced changes in Bv. Histologically, 100-μm microspheres resulted in patchy distribution of microcirculatory plugging, while 10-μm microspheres induced contiguous hemorrhagic myocardial injury. Conclusion: Microsphere-induced changes in intramyocardial Bv and F and the associated pattern of myocardial injury are related to the size of embolized microvessels and the initial perfusion state. Microvascular functional volume reserve mechanisms appear to play a key role accompanying flow- and TT-preservation.
Antibiotics and Invasive<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>
Authors: Arnold L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

RECENTLY, the information service of the Center for Disease Control,1 , 2 the Medical Letter 3 and the American Academy of Pediatrics4 have sounded the alert that invasive strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated throughout the United States have been found to be resistant to ampicillin, many of the isolates being associated with treatment failure. In some institutions, the frequency of these isolates appears to be increasing; three of 28 strains isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid over the last 10 months at Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, have been resistant. Logically, then, the antibiotic sensitivity and particularly ampicillin sensitivity of encapsulated, and . . .
Influence of nifedipine on collateral blood flow during acute ischemia in the dog
Authors: William S. Weintraub, Shigehiko Hattori, Satoshi Akizuki, Jai B. Agarwal, Monty M. Bodenheimer, Vidya S. Banka, Richard H. Helfant
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
A citizen in the community of physicians. An interview with Alvin J. Thompsom, MD
Authors: A. J. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

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317 CO-STIMULATION WITH CD40(L)LIGAND ENHANCES THE IMMUNOSTIMULATION OF HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS (HDC) AND INDUCES APOPTOSIS TOWARDS HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: A. Vogt, V. Meyer-Pannwitt, I. Schmidt-Wolf, T. Sauerbruch, M.A. Gonzalez-Carmona
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)