tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-medical Coroners
Authors: M. E. Glanvill
Journal: BMJ (1964)

This paper analyzes the conditions for in vitro tolerization of purified whole T cell populations and the consequences on helper and suppressor T cell functions. Highly purified splenic T cells from adult DBA/2 mice were incubated in vitro for 24 hr with high doses of trinitrophenyl coupled to human gamma-globulins (TNP-HGG). A profound inhibition of the TNP-specific helper function of these T lymphocytes was observed in a cooperative culture with normal purified splenic B cells and TNP-SRBC as antigen. This state of specific unresponsiveness was maintained after trypsin treatment of the cells, at the end of the 24-hr incubation with the tolerogen. We checked that this procedure removed the vast majority of F23.1 T cell receptor determinants from the cells. This result indicates that T cell receptors for antigen were not merely blocked by the tolerogen. In addition, B cells preincubated with tolerized T cells for 24 hr remained as responsive to TNP as B cells mixed with normal T cells in similar conditions. This demonstrates that the decreased response is not the result of secondary B cell tolerization. In addition, anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies were shown to block the induction of tolerance. We also showed that tolerized T cells significantly decreased the anti-TNP response of normal T and B cells in vitro, whereas the anti-SRBC response in the same cultures was unaffected. When tolerized T cells were separated into Lyt-2- and Lyt-2+ cells, it was found that tolerized Lyt-2- cells had lost about 75% of their helper activity and that Lyt-2+ cells suppressed 70% of the response of a normal T and B cell culture. Thus, in vitro induction of T cell tolerance results in a specific T cell unresponsiveness which is due to both helper T cell inactivation and induction of specific suppressor T cells.
Five-Year Experience with Magovern Aortic Prostheses
Authors: GEORGE E. REED, ROY H. CLAUSS, DAVID A. TICE, ANTHONY J. ACINAPURA
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Experience with 105 patients in whom the Magovern aortic valve prosthesis was employed and who were followed for up to five years is presented and analyzed. Twenty-eight patients had a second valve repaired or replaced, four had triple valve disease, and four had aneurysms of the ascending aorta in addition to the aortic valve disease. The ages of these patients ranged from 21 to 74 years with 23 patients in the seventh and eighth decades of life. There were eight operative deaths (8%) and 17 late deaths (17%). Four late deaths were due to embolization or bleeding. Seventeen patients (16%) suffered emboli, and eight (8%) had significant bleeding complications for a total of 25 complications from these causes. Permanent heart block occurred in 9% of the patients and was as common late after operation as early. Although two patients required reoperation because of leaks, in no instance did the prosthesis work loose if it was properly sized and properly positioned.
Alpha- versus Beta-Particle Radiopeptide Therapy in a Human Prostate Cancer Model (213Bi-DOTA-PESIN and 213Bi-AMBA versus177Lu-DOTA-PESIN)
Authors: Damian Wild, Michael Frischknecht, Hanwen Zhang, Alfred Morgenstern, Frank Bruchertseifer, Julie Boisclair, Anne Provencher-Bolliger, Jean-Claude Reubi, Helmut R. Maecke
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Recurrent prostate cancer presents a challenge to conventional treatment, particularly so to address micrometastatic and small-volume disease. Use of α-radionuclide therapy is considered as a highly effective treatment in such applications due to the shorter range and exquisite cytotoxicity of α-particles as compared with β-particles. (213)Bi is considered an α-emitter with high clinical potential, due to its short half-life (45.6 minutes) being well matched for use in peptide-receptor radionuclide α-therapy; however, there is limited knowledge available within this context of use. In this study, two novel (213)Bi-labeled peptides, DOTA-PEG(4)-bombesin (DOTA-PESIN) and DO3A-CH(2)CO-8-aminooctanoyl-Q-W-A-V-G-H-L-M-NH(2) (AMBA), were compared with (177)Lu (β-emitter)-labeled DOTA-PESIN in a human androgen-independent prostate carcinoma xenograft model (PC-3 tumor). Animals were injected with (177)Lu-DOTA-PESIN, (213)Bi-DOTA-PESIN, or (213)Bi-AMBA to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistribution, and dosimetry of each agent; controls were left untreated or were given nonradioactive (175)Lu-DOTA-PESIN. The MTD of (213)Bi-DOTA-PESIN and (213)Bi-AMBA was 25 MBq (0.68 mCi) whereas (177)Lu-DOTA-PESIN showed an MTD of 112 MBq (3 mCi). At these dose levels, (213)Bi-DOTA-PESIN and (213)Bi-AMBA were significantly more effective than (177)Lu-DOTA-PESIN. At the same time, (177)Lu-DOTA-PESIN showed minimal, (213)Bi-DOTA-PESIN slight, and (213)Bi-AMBA marked kidney damage 20 to 30 weeks posttreatment. These preclinical data indicate that α-therapy with (213)Bi-DOTA-PESIN or (213)Bi-AMBA is more efficacious than β-therapy. Furthermore, (213)Bi-DOTA-PESIN has a better safety profile than (213)Bi-AMBA, and represents a possible new approach for use in peptide-receptor radionuclide α-therapy treating recurrent prostate cancer.
Mesenchymal Cystic Hamartoma of the Lung
Authors: Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma, although first reported as early as 1980s, remains a very rare lung disease.There have been less than 20 cases reported to date.Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma usually has an indolent course, but it could potentially result in morbidity and mortality.Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis because it is essential to rule out other possibilities including malignancy.
Use of local anesthetic drugs in hospital practice.
Authors: D A Kelly, A M Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

close observation and to give them antibiotics only on clinical indica- tions.Since 1976 no infants have been found dead or moribund in the postnatal wards.Measurement of the respiratory rate in the way described is the only effective method of observing an infant next to his mother in a dark postnatal ward.It has been acceptable to the nurses and reassuring to the mothers. 1
Abstract SY28-03: Whole genome pictures of live cancers and personalized medicine
Authors: Hidewaki Nakagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Primary liver cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, especially in Asia, and has no effective treatment, yet its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Although virus-related HCC is a major form of primary liver cancer in Asia, their etiology and phenotype are very heterogeneous (HBV-infected, HCV-infected, or non-viral, and HCC or biliary phenotype). To explore whole genomic alterations and diversity of liver cancers, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis integrated with RNA-seq on ∼270 liver cancers, demonstrating comprehensive landscape of diverse phenotypes of liver cancers with multiple etiological backgrounds for point mutations, short indels, copy-number alterations, structural variations, and HBV integrations. On average, approximately 10,000 somatic alterations per one tumor were identified by WGS, and our study indicated the genomic heterogeneity of liver cancer genomes as well as their etiological heterogeneity and that somatic substitution patterns of cancer genomes could be determined by their etiological backgrounds such as carcinogen exposure and cell origins. Understanding of liver cancer genome heterogeneity underlying its biological phenotype and interpreting its genomic data could facilitate cancer biomarkers discovery and personalized medicine, where we can select old and new drugs to each of cancer patients by using their diverse genome information. Citation Format: Hidewaki Nakagawa. Whole genome pictures of live cancers and personalized medicine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY28-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY28-03
Trauma in the Pagetoid: Beware the Non-specific Scintigram
Authors: C RICHARD GOLDFARB, ANTONIO S. DAIZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Radionuclide brain scans and cerebral blood flow studies have become highly sensitive but they remain quite nonspecific diagnostic modalities. Previous reports have discussed similarities between Paget's disease of bone and subdural hematoma on radionuclide studies. We encountered a case in which Paget's disease produced all the described manifestations of subdural hematoma. The differential features of the two conditions and their pathophysiological bases are discussed.
The Foreign Medical Graduate Issue and US Hospitals
Authors: Bernard M. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE HEALTH Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-484) was intended to decrease the role of the foreign medical graduate (FMG) in American medicine and to increase the production and availability of American physicians. However, certain hospitals and the communities they serve have developed a dependence on FMGs. That US medical graduates, group practitioners, or middle-level health professionals can replace these FMGs does not appear real, at least in the near future.  To avoid any substantial disruption of health services during the transition period, Congress included a waiver for those purposes in Public Law 94-484. This was originally administered as a blanket waiver and now apparently will be extended on a case-by-case basis until 1980 in accordance with Public Law 95-83. Plans beyond 1980 are unclear.  According to a recent study by the American Medical Association, 23% of house staff positions surveyed were filled, as of July 1977,
Ultrasound molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis with a neuropilin-1-targeted microbubble
Authors: Hua Zhang, Sarah Tam, Elizabeth S Ingham, Lisa M Mahakian, Chun-Yen Lai, Spencer K Tumbale, Tambet Teesalu, Neil E Hubbard, Alexander D Borowsky, Katherine W Ferrara
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Cerebrovascular Thromboprophylaxis in Mice by Erythrocyte-Coupled Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Kristina Danielyan, Kumkum Ganguly, Bi-Sen Ding, Dmitriy Atochin, Sergei Zaitsev, Juan-Carlos Murciano, Paul L. Huang, Scott E. Kasner, Douglas B. Cines, Vladimir R. Muzykantov
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cerebrovascular thrombosis is a major source of morbidity and mortality after surgery, but thromboprophylaxis in this setting is limited because of the formidable risk of perioperative bleeding. Thrombolytics (eg, tissue-type plasminogen activator [tPA]) cannot be used prophylactically in this high-risk setting because of their short duration of action and risk of causing hemorrhage and central nervous system damage. We found that coupling tPA to carrier red blood cells (RBCs) prolongs and localizes tPA activity within the bloodstream and converts it into a thromboprophylactic agent, RBC/tPA. To evaluate the utility of this new approach for preventing cerebrovascular thrombosis, we examined the effect of RBC/tPA in animal models of cerebrovascular thromboembolism and ischemia.Preformed fibrin microemboli were injected into the middle carotid artery of mice, occluding downstream perfusion and causing severe infarction and 50% mortality within 48 hours. Preinjected RBC/tPA rapidly lysed nascent cerebral thromboemboli, providing rapid, durable reperfusion and reducing morbidity and mortality. These beneficial effects were not achieved by preinjection of tPA, even at a 10-fold higher dose, which increased mortality from 50% to 90% by 10 hours after embolization. RBC/tPA injected 10 minutes after tail amputation to simulate postsurgical hemostasis did not cause bleeding from the wound, whereas soluble tPA caused profuse bleeding. RBC/tPA neither aggravated brain damage caused by focal ischemia in a filament model of middle carotid artery occlusion nor caused postthrombotic hemorrhage in hypertensive rats.These results suggest a potential RBC/tPA utility as thromboprophylaxis in patients who are at risk for acute cerebrovascular thromboembolism.
Role of Colonoscopy in Gallstone Ileus: - A Case Report
Authors: S. A. Patel, J. J. Engel, M. S. Fine
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

This paper reviews the role of colonoscopy in large-bowel obstruction by a gallstone. We report the case of an elderly female with a cholecystocolonic fistula who had a large-bowel obstruction caused by a gallstone that migrated to the level of narrowing in the large bowel. After multiple attempts at removal of the stone with a snare and basket retriever, the patient was taken to the operating room and the stone was removed. Colonscopy in these circumstances can be diagnostic and possibly therapeutic.
Mucocutaneous bullous amyloidosis with an unusual mixed protein composition of amyloid deposits
Authors: N. Rekhtman, K.S. Hash, J.M. Moresi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

We describe a case of fatal systemic amyloidosis presenting with mucocutaneous bullous lesions in a patient with IgA κ monoclonal gammopathy. The amyloid plaques were composed of an unusual mixture of immunoglobulin κ light chain and amyloid A proteins. Whereas oesophageal and oropharyngeal blisters are known to occur in several types of bullous dermatoses, to our knowledge this is the first report of oesophagopharyngeal blisters complicating bullous amyloidosis.
Per protocol analysis
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of a low energy liquid diet on moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea in obese men.1 Men in the control group adhered to their usual diet. A total of 63 men were recruited, of which 30 were allocated to the intervention group and 33 to the control group. Two of the men allocated to the control group were dissatisfied with their allocation, having wanted the intervention, and subsequently withdrew from the trial.

The primary end point was the apnoea-hypopnoea index, the …
Nowhere to go
Authors: Kieran Walshe
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Comparing manifestos tells us as much about what the three main parties don't say as what they do.All three main parties agree that the NHS should continue to be a public sector monopoly.But the NHS is only one way to achieve the ideal shared across Europe: that no one should be denied health care because they lack money.A strong case can be made that the social insurance schemes of Germany, France, and Switzerland have been more successful than the NHS system.The poorest people in those countries enjoy a higher standard of care than in the United Kingdom, not having to face rationing and restricted choice.However, the differences in policy between the three parties are not trivial.All three parties accept that the private sector should supply services to the NHS.The Tories are the keenest and want private providers to
Progress With Pollution
Authors: Theodore C. Doege
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Like a beacon guiding through the hazards of the nation's industrial development, the article by Morse et al elsewhere in this issue (p 739) indicates the benefits that can accrue when groups from government and industry use scientific methods to work on an environmental problem. It is indeed reassuring to know that not only can such cooperative efforts identify and quantitate a specific health problem, but that they may also lead to effective action diminishing the problem. Tons of lead, zinc, and cadmium discharged into the air from a smeltery near El Paso, Tex, and Juarez, Mexico, constituted the problem identified by El Paso health officials in December 1971.<sup>1</sup>In a major public health effort, workers from El Paso and from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) interviewed people in randomly selected households near the smeltery, took blood samples from their children, and obtained specimens of air, dust, and
LKM antibody: getting in some target practice
Authors: D VERGANI
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 553 

In the current issue of the journal (see page 553), Muratori et al provide convincing evidence that cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) is present on the liver cell plasma membrane. This finding has important implications because CYP2D6 is the main target of liver kidney microsomal antibody type 1 (LKM1). Not only is LKM1 the serological hallmark of autoimmune hepatitis type 2 but it is also found in up to 10% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection where it appears to single out patients experiencing serious side effects while receiving interferon treatment.1 

The issue as to whether CYP2D6 is present on the plasma membrane was critically reviewed in 19932 but was not resolved in view of the contrasting evidence at the time. Muratori et al have settled this matter by incubating LKM1 containing sera with live hepatocytes …
The Mackenzie Davidson Lecture ON THE INFLUENCE OF RADIOLOGY UPON OUR CONCEPTIONS OF DISEASE
Authors: T. Horder
Journal: BMJ (1924)

Lecture com-memorates aninually the life and work of a distinguished pioneer in the field of radiology.It was tlhouglht by those who founded the lecture that it was an additional and an appropriate tribute to the memi-ory of the man they sought to honour, who com- bined a true scientific spirit with the exercise of the healing art, that the lecturer should be alternately a pure scientist and a m-elember of somiie branch of the medical profession.This, rather thai anny merit of my own, explains why the
An analysis of prognostic factors in preleukemia: Interest of bone marrow scintigraphy
Authors: C. Chomienne, Y. Najean, N. Vigneron, C. Dresch, J. D. Rain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Simultaneous bone marrow scintigraphy with 99m Technetium colloids and 111 Indium transferrin was performed on 34 cases of preleukemic anemias and was shown to be of good prognostic value. Groups of different outcome were defined: for a normal and parallel uptake of the two markers, 90% of the patients died of acute leukemia; for a low Indium and high Technetium uptake, only 1 patient out of 15 died of leukemia (P &lt; 0.001). Standard clinical and hematological data were of no predictive value. Iron kinetic data and CFU/GM colony growth were correlated to the scintigraphic results. Taken together, these three kinetic parameters have a good sensitivity and specificity for the prognosis of preleukemic states.
Accidental Strangulation From Vest Restraints
Authors: Arthur H. Dube
Journal: JAMA (1986)

IN A recent survey of nursing homes, of 183 administrators replying, 181 reported that their homes used restraints.<sup>1</sup>Of 620 patients at our facility, 257 have restraint orders—usually vest or draw-sheet restraints. In view of the widespread use of restraints, we are reporting two patients who strangled on vest restraints. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>CASE 1.—</h3> A 60-year-old woman was admitted on Aug 12, 1981. She had developed gait and speech disturbances 11 years previously. Her neurological disorder progressed, and in April 1981 Huntington's chorea was diagnosed. When she could no longer be cared for at home, she was admitted to our skilled nursing facility. She had periods of great agitation that became continuous despite large doses of haloperidol (Haldol), 3 mg three times a day. She would thrash about and fall out of bed despite having on a vest restraint. After her first year, special pads were made for
Cathepsin E Prevents Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Catalyzing the Proteolytic Release of Soluble TRAIL from Tumor Cell Surface
Authors: Tomoyo Kawakubo, Kuniaki Okamoto, Jun-ichi Iwata, Masashi Shin, Yoshiko Okamoto, Atsushi Yasukochi, Keiichi I. Nakayama, Tomoko Kadowaki, Takayuki Tsukuba, Kenji Yamamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

The aspartic proteinase cathepsin E is expressed predominantly in cells of the immune system and highly secreted by activated phagocytes, and deficiency of cathepsin E in mice results in a phenotype affecting immune responses. However, because physiologic substrates for cathepsin E have not yet been identified, the relevance of these observations to the physiologic functions of this protein remains speculative. Here, we show that cathepsin E specifically induces growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma tumor cell lines without affecting normal cells by catalyzing the proteolytic release of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) from the cell surface. The antitumor activity of cathepsin E was corroborated by in vivo studies with mice bearing human and mouse tumor transplants. Administration of purified cathepsin E into human tumor xenografts in nude mice dose-dependently induced apoptosis in the tumor cells to inhibit tumor growth. The growth, viability, and metastasis of mouse B16 melanoma cells were also more profound in cathepsin E-deficient mice compared with those in the syngeneic wild-type and transgenic mice overexpressing cathepsin E. Taken together, the number of apoptotic tumor cells, as well as tumor-infiltrating activated macrophages, was apparently reduced in cathepsin E-deficient mice compared with those in the other two groups, implying the positive correlation of endogenous cathepsin E levels with the extent of tumor suppression in vivo. These results thus indicate that cathepsin E plays a substantial role in host defense against tumor cells through TRAIL-dependent apoptosis and/or tumor-associated macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity.
Sudden Cardiac Death: Management of High-Risk Patients
Authors: Masood Akhtar, Hasan Garan, Michael H. Lehmann, Paul J. Troup
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Sudden cardiac death remains a leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than 350,000 deaths each year, and the survival rate of victims remains low. Most survivors face a significant risk for recurrence. The typical substrate is chronic--abnormal myocardium with fibrosis (often from previous myocardial infarction) and left ventricular dysfunction. Acute triggers for sudden cardiac death are primarily electrical, ischemic, metabolic, neurohormonal, and pharmacologic. In most electrocardiographically documented cases of sudden cardiac death, the trigger-substrate interaction appears to result in ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. After initial resuscitation, survivors need a thorough cardiovascular evaluation, including definition of coronary anatomy, left ventricular function, and wall-motion abnormalities, as well as an electrophysiologic evaluation. An attempt must be made to determine what each survivor's correctable triggers are. Management should address all reversible triggers, such as acute ischemia and electrolyte abnormalities, and should include modifying or correcting the arrhythmogenic substrate. Empiric antiarrhythmic therapy offers no advantage in such modification. Pharmacologic therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs should be guided by an objective therapeutic endpoint, which is best accomplished through the use of programmed ventricular stimulation and serial electrophysiologic studies. Other therapeutic options include surgical suppression of ventricular tachycardia and implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator.
Correspondence re: W. R. Greco et al., Application of a New Approach for the Quantitation of Drug Synergism to the Combination of cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum and 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine. Cancer Res., 50: 5318–5327, 1990.—Reply
Authors: William R. Greco, Youcef M. Rustum
Journal: Cancer Research (1992)