tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial inflammatory inclusion body myositis
Authors: Ranque-Francois B, Maisonobe T, Dion E, Piette Jc, Chauveheid Mp, Amoura Z, Papo T
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To compare familial inflammatory inclusion body myositis (IBM) with hereditary inclusion body myopathies and sporadic IBM.Clinical, biological, MRI, and histological data were analysed in two siblings with inflammatory IBM and compared with those of patients with sporadic and hereditary IBM.Both patients had a clinical phenotype of sporadic IBM, which differs from hereditary myopathies because of late age of onset--respectively 65 and 66 years, and different pattern of muscular involvement--asymmetric, mainly distal but also involving quadriceps. MRI showed selective fatty infiltration and oedema in the extensor compartment of thigh muscles. The diagnosis of IBM was confirmed by muscle biopsy, showing muscle fibres containing numerous rimmed vacuoles, a characteristic shared by all types of IBM. In contrast with hereditary IBM, histological analysis also showed inflammatory mononuclear infiltrate invading non-necrotic fibres, ragged red and oxidase c negative fibres, and positive Congo red staining. Moreover, HLA class II typing disclosed DR beta 1 0301 haplotype, which is significantly related to sporadic but not to hereditary IBM. With steroid treatment and monthly intravenous immunoglobulins, the disease was stabilised in both patients at protracted follow up.Sporadic and familial inflammatory IBM share the same clinical, biological, MRI, and histological features.
SURFACE PHAGOCYTOSIS
Authors: Mary Ruth Smith, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Experiments recently reported (18) have been interpreted to indicate that surface phagocytosis plays no significant part in natural antipneumococcal defense. A repetition of these experiments has revealed: (a) that the cellular content of the leucocytic suspensions used in the phagocytic tests was of a different order of magnitude from that of the exudates which usually exist in infected tissues, (b) that the suspensions were too dilute to allow surface phagocytosis of pneumococci to occur, and (c) that the ratio of bacteria to leucocytes. was such that, when a sufficiently concentrated exudate was employed, the pneumococci injured the leucocytes and thus prevented phagocytosis from taking place. When conditions of the tests were suitably controlled, and conventional quantitative methods were employed to measure the end results of the phagocytic reaction, the essential observations relating to surface phagocytosis were fully confirmed. The significance of this non-antibody mechanism of defense in pneumococcal infections was thus further substantiated.
Exercise-Induced Leg Pain and High Blood Pressure
Authors: Jeffrey W. Olin, Daniella Kadian-Dodov
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laparotomy during Pregnancy: An Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy and Fetal Wastage
Authors: P. Saunders, P. J. D. Milton
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In a series of 48,482 pregnancies laparotomy was undertaken 74 times for conditions not associated with pregnancy (1 in 655 pregnancies). It showed no abnormality in 26 cases; ovarian cysts and acute appendicitis were the commonest pathological findings. The preoperative diagnosis was proved correct in 53% of cases, and in 66.2% laparotomy proved to be necessary for an alternative diagnosis.The fetal loss rate after surgery was 23%. Spontaneous abortion was more likely in the presence of peritonitis, with fluid in the peritoneal cavity, or when operative procedures involving the ovary were performed within the first trimester. The risk of precipitating labour following diagnostic laparotomy is negligible, provided no unnecessary surgical manoeuvres are undertaken.
Gastrodin improves learning behavior in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by intra-hippocampal Aβ 1-40 injection
Authors: Xing Liu, Mengya Wang
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Gastrodin extracted from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume, a Chinese herbal medicine, has long been used for treating vertigo, general paralysis, epilepsy, tetanus, stroke and dementia. Although several reports have shown that gastrodin has neuroprotective effects to rescue leadinduced synaptic plasticity deficits in rat hippocampus, and hippocampal cell damage in cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by Ab25-35, its effect on behaviors of rat model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by intrahippocampal Ab injection is not studied yet. Methods
AASLD public policy statement should be evidence-based
Authors: Edwin K. Kuffner, Jeffrey S. Baggish
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

(1) The AASLD position paper states as “fact” on p. 969 that 10% of acute liver failure cases result from therapeutic doses of acetaminophen, which contradicts the statement on p. 967 that the percent is “uncertain” but that it “probably represents 10%”. We are unaware of data that support this position statement. (2) The AASLD position paper states that warfarin causes “severe or even fatal liver injury” when combined with acetaminophen. We are unaware of data that support this position statement. (3) The AASLD position paper states that “most hepatologists might dispute” that acetaminophen is the safest over-the-counter analgesic choice. We are unaware of data that support this position statement. We fully understand that editorial articles in scientific journals often do not cite references for all statements and that it is acceptable in editorials to propose opinions and theories that may not necessarily be based on data. The aforementioned article, however, is presented not as an opinion piece, but as the official policy position of the AASLD. We therefore assume that the AASLD possesses the data necessary to support the 3 statements noted above and would be willing to share these data. We therefore respectfully request that the AASLD share the published or unpublished data that support these 3 statements. Edwin K. Kuffner M.D.*, Jeffrey S. Baggish M.D.*, * McNeil Consumer Healthcare, Fort Washington, PA.
Vicriviroc plus optimized background therapy for treatment-experienced subjects with CCR5 HIV-1 infection: Final results of two randomized phase III trials
Authors: Marcos M. Caseiro, Mark Nelson, Ricardo S. Diaz, Joseph Gathe, Jose L. de Andrade Neto, Jihad Slim, Antonio Solano, Eduardo M. Netto, Carmen Mak, Junwa Shen, Wayne Greaves, Lisa M. Dunkle, Regis A. Vilchez, Jennifer Zeinecker
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Defining a high performance healthcare organisation
Authors: Bruce D Agins, Marc M Holden
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Composite measures of performance are insufficient on their own

Why are high performing healthcare organisations so hard to find? In this week's BMJ , Wilson and colleagues report a study that evaluates 69 facilities in 30 US states that receive categorical funding for HIV services.1 The authors assessed performance using a bundle of eight clinical measures considered by a panel of experts to represent high quality of care for HIV. They found that few organisations scored highly across more than a handful of measures.

Interpreting the results at face value suggests that these facilities are not performing well, and that their organisations do not support strong systems of care for people living with HIV. We would expect all clinics to provide comprehensive elements of care that have been shown to improve patients' outcomes. However, closer scrutiny of the study raises methodological and theoretical questions about the selection and measurement of the indicators and, importantly, the association between overall performance and designation as a high performing healthcare organisation.

Composite measures are commonly used to monitor performance in healthcare systems. An overall score is computed by aggregating each component into a bundle of …
Disulfiram and Warfarin
Authors: JEFFREY L. CHIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973Disulfiram and WarfarinJEFFREY L. CHINJEFFREY L. CHINSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-288_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A recent article by O'Reilly (1) has a misleading statement in the abstract: "An augmentation of the therapeutic effect of a drug by disulfiram has thus been shown for the first time in humans." Koch-Weser and Sellers (2) have specifically mentioned that disulfiram potentiated the hypoprothrombinemic action of warfarin in one patient....References1. O'REILLY R: Interaction of sodium warfarin and disulfiram (Antabuse®) in man. Ann Intern Med 78:73-76, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KOCH-WESERSELLERS JE: Drug interactions with coumarin anticoagulants (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 285:547-558, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. Rothstein E: Warfarin effect enhanced by disulfiram (letter). JAMA 206:1574-1575, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HaldJacobsenLarsen JEV: The sensitizing effect of tetraethylthiuramdisulphide (Antabuse®) to ethylalcohol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Kbh) 4:285-296, 1948 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Olesen O: Disulfiram (Antabuse®) as inhibitor of pheny-toin metabolism. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Kbh) 24:317-322, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. VesellPassanantiLee EGC: Impairment of drug metabolism by disulfiram in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 12: 785-792, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Rothstein E: Warfarin effect enhanced by disulfiram (Antabuse) (letter). JAMA 221:1052, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrug-Drug Interactions Between Warfarin and Psychotropics: Updated Review of the LiteratureDrug-Drug Interactions Between Warfarin and Psychotropics: Updated Review of the LiteratureThe Clinical Use of Disulfiram (Antabuse®): A Review 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 288-289KeywordsDrugs Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Vivek H. Murthy, Harlan M. Krumholz, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Despite the importance of diversity of cancer trial participants with regard to race, ethnicity, age, and sex, there is little recent information about the representation of these groups in clinical trials.To characterize the representation of racial and ethnic minorities, the elderly, and women in cancer trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute.Cross-sectional population-based analysis of all participants in therapeutic nonsurgical National Cancer Institute Clinical Trial Cooperative Group breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer clinical trials in 2000 through 2002. In a separate analysis, the ethnic distribution of patients enrolled in 2000 through 2002 was compared with those enrolled in 1996 through 1998, using logistic regression models to estimate the relative risk ratio of enrollment for racial and ethnic minorities to that of white patients during these time periods.Enrollment fraction, defined as the number of trial enrollees divided by the estimated US cancer cases in each race and age subgroup.Cancer research participation varied significantly across racial/ethnic and age groups. Compared with a 1.8% enrollment fraction among white patients, lower enrollment fractions were noted in Hispanic (1.3%; odds ratio [OR] vs whites, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.77; P<.001) and black (1.3%; OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.68-0.74; P<.001) patients. There was a strong relationship between age and enrollment fraction, with trial participants 30 to 64 years of age representing 3.0% of incident cancer patients in that age group, in comparison to 1.3% of 65- to 74-year-old patients and 0.5% of patients 75 years of age and older. This inverse relationship between age and trial enrollment fraction was consistent across racial and ethnic groups. Although the total number of trial participants increased during our study period, the representation of racial and ethnic minorities decreased. In comparison to whites, after adjusting for age, cancer type, and sex, patients enrolled in 2000 through 2002 were 24% less likely to be black (adjusted relative risk ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65-0.89; P<.001). Men were more likely than women to enroll in colorectal cancer trials (enrollment fractions: 2.1% vs 1.6%, respectively; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.24-1.35; P<.001) and lung cancer trials (enrollment fractions: 0.9% vs 0.7%, respectively; OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.16-1.31; P<.001).Enrollment in cancer trials is low for all patient groups. Racial and ethnic minorities, women, and the elderly were less likely to enroll in cooperative group cancer trials than were whites, men, and younger patients, respectively. The proportion of trial participants who are black has declined in recent years.
The influence of dietary carbohydrate and deferoxamine on developing copper deficiency of rats
Authors: Meira Fields, Charles G. Lewis, Mark Lure
Journal: Metabolism (1992)

The present investigation was conducted to follow the development of copper deficiency in male rats from weaning (day 0) to day 31 of dietary copper deprivation and to correlate changes in tissue sizes with copper and iron concentrations. Male rats were fed for 31 days from weaning copper-deficient or adequate diets containing fructose or starch. Another copper-deficient group of rats that was fed fructose was treated with deferoxamine. Rats were killed at day 0, 8, 16, 24, and 31 of the study. In general, no correlation could be found between the development of heart hypertrophy, pancreatic and thymic atrophy, and tissue copper concentrations in copper-deficient rats fed fructose. In contrast, in the heart and pancreas a negative correlation existed between tissue size and iron concentration. In addition, anemia preceded heart hypertrophy. Deferoxamine lowered hepatic iron concentrations, ameliorated the anemia, and decreased heart size compared with untreated rats. The data of the present study suggest that tissue atrophy and hypertrophy and the severity of copper deficiency are not solely due to tissue concentrations of iron and/or copper.
Studies of bronchial asthma induced by chironomid midges (Diptera) around a hypereutrophic lake in Japan
Authors: K. Hirabayashi, K. Kubo, S. Yamaguchi, K. Fujimoto, G. Murakami, Y. Nasu
Journal: Allergy (1997)

There have been few reports on hypersensitivity to chironomid midges in bronchial asthmatic patients around the area of hypereutrophic natural lakes, which have been notorious as an environmental hazard due to the massive occurrence of adult chironomids during several periods of the year. Our study investigated IgE antibodies to chironomid midges in bronchial asthmatic patients around the Lake Suwa area in comparison with those of the Matsumoto area (control area). A total of 123 adult patients with bronchial asthma were investigated by measurement of IgE antibodies with extracts of three chironomid midges ( Chironomus yoshimatsui, C. plumosus , and Tokunagayusurika akamusi ), mite, and silkworm. In addition, in the allergy testing, 12 common inhalant antigens were used. Of 123 adult patients with bronchial asthma, 65 (52.8%) produced positive allergy tests. Thirty‐three (50.8%) were positive to mite, 28 (43.1%) to silkworm, 11 (16.9%) to C. yoshimatsui , eight (12.3%) to C. plumosus , and three (4.6%) to T. akamusi. We compared our results with the previous reports. The number of positive tests to silkworm in the Lake Suwa area was higher than in other areas. However, C. plumosus and T. akamusi showed a lower number of positive reactions. We considered the lower positive number of C. plumosus and T. akamusi tests in the Lake Suwa area to be related to the advanced age of patients in this area. The chironomids are an important cause of asthma, together with mite and silkworm, in the Lake Suwa area, but affect old asthmatic patients less than asthmatic children.
Psychopathology of psychosis: Towards integration from an idealist perspective
Authors: Ralf-Peter Behrendt, Claire Young
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The commentators provide a wealth of additional neurobiological data that ought to be integrated in a comprehensive model. This response article, however, focuses on clarification of conceptual queries, thereby outlining the proposed theory of hallucinations more sharply, discussing its relationship with schizophrenia, and explaining why underconstrained thalamocortical activation may well be a candidate mechanism responsible for acute schizophrenic symptoms other than hallucinations.
Risk of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study: applying the Gail model
Authors: Karen A. Johnson, Linda Williams Pickle
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The<i>JAMA</i>report by Colditz et al<i>1</i>is an important addition to the literature on breast cancer risk assessment. Conspicuously absent from the cited references was a previous landmark article from Gail et al,<sup>2</sup>at the National Cancer Institute, reporting a model for estimating individual absolute breast cancer risk, based on the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP). The availability of information from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort begs for comparison with the Gail model. Starting with initial cohorts that were similar in size, there were 2852 incident cases for analysis from the BCDDP data compared with 2389 from the NHS. The BCDDP analysis was restricted to white subjects and the NHS population was characterized as predominantly white. Both analyses controlled for established risk factors by multivariate models. Despite the similarity of the study cohorts, there are important differences between the results from the
Pickwick Club: posthumous papers
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2007)

> “Time and feeding had expanded that once romantic form; the black silk waistcoat had become more and more developed; and gradually had the capacious chin encroached upon the borders of the white cravat.”

This is how Charles Dickens described Mr Tupman, a character in the Pickwick Club.1 Such descriptions would have been unusual in the 19th century, but in the 21st …
Abstract 2521: Associations between changes in circulating inflammatory biomarkers and reduced BMI achieved in SMART and PREFER behavioral weight loss interventions.
Authors: Faina Y. Linkov, Marina Komaroff, Robert Edwards, Anna Lokshin, Mindi Styn, Dana Bovbjerg, Lora Burke
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Obesity, increasingly recognized to be associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, is a global pandemic that has been linked to several forms of malignancies, including breast, colon, and endometrial cancer (EC). The goal of this study was to explore longitudinal inflammatory biomarker changes in overweight and obese participants of the SMART and PREFER behavioral weight loss trials, focusing on participants who were most successful in reducing body mass index (BMI) by the 12th month of the intervention. We hypothesized that overweight and obese individuals undergoing intentional weight loss would experience changes in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and several other biomarkers associated with the development of EC and other malignancies. METHODS Participants were selected on the basis of weight loss over a period of 12 months in two major behavioral weight loss trials ― SMART and PREFER ― conducted at the University of Pittsburgh. Serum samples were obtained at baseline, 6 and 12 months from 68 participants (baseline mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.62 ± 4.1 kg/m2). Twenty-six bead based xMAP immunoassays were used for this study, including cytokines, chemokines, and hormones. These biomarkers were chosen on the basis of their link to inflammation and cancer development in previous research. Repeated measures mixed models were used to evaluate the association between changes in biomarkers and BMI from baseline with and without adjustment for covariates, including age, gender, and race. RESULTS Participants lost an average of 16.83 kg from baseline to 12 months, with the largest change occurring in the first 6 months of the intervention. Both repeated measures ANOVA models (with and without covariates) demonstrated that among 26 biomarkers, changes in adiponectin, CRP, C-Peptide, IGFBP-1, insulin, leptin, PAI-1 (total), resistin, sE-selectin were significantly associated with BMI change. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to an emerging literature beginning to explore biological mechanisms that may contribute to health benefits of even moderate weight loss. Results also emphasize the importance of further studies of biomarkers that showed significant changes after weight loss to determine the molecular pathways involved. Citation Format: Faina Y. Linkov, Marina Komaroff, Robert Edwards, Anna Lokshin, Mindi Styn, Dana Bovbjerg, Lora Burke. Associations between changes in circulating inflammatory biomarkers and reduced BMI achieved in SMART and PREFER behavioral weight loss interventions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2521. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2521
Longterm effects of cryosurgery in the sheep heart
Authors: T. MISAKI, S. P ALLWORK, H. H BENTALL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Journal Article Longterm effects of cryosurgery in the sheep heart Get access TAKURO MISAKI, TAKURO MISAKI * From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London *T Misaki, Department of Surgery (1), Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa 920, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SALLY P ALLWORK, SALLY P ALLWORK From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HUGH H BENTALL HUGH H BENTALL From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 17, Issue 2, February 1983, Pages 61–69, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/17.2.61 Published: 01 February 1983