tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Species-related innate resistance to Schistosoma mansoni. Role of mononuclear phagocytes in schistosomula killing in vitro.
Authors: C A Peck, M D Carpenter, A A Mahmoud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Resistance to infection with the multicellular parasite Schistosoma mansoni has been previously demonstrated to vary among several host species. The current investigation was designed to examine the basis for this species-related resistance in vitro. Adherent peritoneal macrophages or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from several species of host animals were incubated with S. mansoni schistosomula for 18-24 h; parasite viability was then assayed by methylene blue exclusion. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from susceptible species, such as mice (C57Bl/6) and hamsters killed, respectively, 6.6 +/- 2 and 8.0 +/- 2% of incubated schistosomula. In contrast, cells from resistant species: rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, killed 21 +/- 2.3, 15 +/- 4.6, and 17 +/- 5.5%, respectively. Furthermore, blood monocytes from rabbits resulted in a mean of 25.9 +/- 2.8% dead organisms. Schistosomula killing by mononuclear phagocytes obtained from resistant species (rats or rabbits) was dependent on the cell/parasite ratio. Significant schistosomula mortality resulted from culture supernatants of rat macrophages or rabbit monocytes. Killing by cells from both species was significantly reduced upon addition of L-arginine, while catalase reduced killing only by rat macrophages. We conclude that mononuclear phagocytes may play a key role in species-related innate resistance to schistosomiasis; their in vitro schistosomulicidal activity parallels the known in vivo susceptibility of the donor species. Killing is mediated by lysosomal enzymes (arginase) and by products of oxidative metabolism, the predominant mechanism depends on the specific animal species.
Insurance payments to US doctors vary widely for same service, study shows
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Private health insurance companies in the United States often pay some doctors twice as much as they pay other doctors for the same service, a new study has found.

The reasons for the differences were unclear. The variations could not be explained by such factors as patients’ age or sex, the physicians’ specialty or place of service, or the type of insurance plan, the researchers said, although one third of the variation seemed to be associated …
Risk factors for noncompliance with glaucoma follow-up visits in a residents’ eye clinic
Authors: Omofolasade Kosoko, Harry A Quigley, Susan Vitale, Cheryl Enger, Lisa Kerrigan, James M Tielsch
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

Objective This study aimed to identify factors associated with compliance with glaucoma follow-up visits. Design Computer records of a university residents’ eye clinic were reviewed to identify a random sample of all persons who had an examination with International Classification of Disease (ICD) 9 coding (ICD9) for glaucoma suspect or glaucoma during a 2-year period (1991-1993) to undergo telephone interview. Participants Those who were seen at least every 6 months regardless of earlier return instructions were defined as compliant with follow-up (controls, n = 362). Those who had any lapse between visits of longer than 6 months were defined as noncompliant (cases, n = 362). Results Interviews were completed for 196 cases and 242 controls. Noncompliant persons were significantly more likely to be suspects for glaucoma rather than to have definite glaucoma and to be dissatisfied with waiting time in the clinic (29.1% vs. 17.8%, P < 0.005) and to state that they did not take their glaucoma medications as prescribed (25.4% vs. 13.4%, P < 0.004). They also were less likely to have been prescribed eyedrop medication. A high percentage of both patients and controls knew that glaucoma can lead to blindness (85.2% and 88.4%, respectively). The most common reasons patients gave for not keeping follow-up visits were the perception that their eye problem was “not serious enough,” the cost of examinations, and that the doctor did not tell them to come back. Conclusion Compliance with follow-up visits for glaucoma is associated with markers for early disease. Attempts to improve compliance might focus on improved communication of the seriousness of the disease and improvements in clinic waiting time.
ABC of poisoning. Cardiovascular, neurological, and other complications.
Authors: M Nielsen, J Henry
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Cardiovascular complicationsHypotension Hypotension is the commonest cardiovascular complication of poisoning.Acute poisoning produces hypotension by direct effects on the circulation or indirectly through depressing the central nervous system or reducing blood volume.The major contributory factors are myocardial depression and peripheral vasodilatation (which on the arterial side diminishes peripheral resistance and on the venous side causes pooling and reduces venous return).Myocardial depression-for example, by 13 blocker, tricyclic antidepressant, and dextropropoxyphene poisoning-is an important cause of hypotension and is worsened by hypoxia or acidosis.Circulating blood volume may fall because of dehydration in prolonged coma, persistent vomiting, or fluid loss through abnormally permeable capillaries.Gross hyperventilation (as with severe salicylate poisoning) produces increased insensible fluid loss from the lungs.* Cardiac arrest * Hypotension
Acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency in heart tissue from infants who died unexpectedly with fatty change in the liver
Authors: F. Allison, M J Bennett, S Variend, P C Engel
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Heart muscle from infants who died unexpectedly and who showed fatty changes in the liver at necropsy was analysed for long chain and medium chain acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase activities by using the natural electron acceptor. In two of the seven cases investigated a deficiency in acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase activity was found. In one case the deficiency was in medium chain acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase activity and in the other long chain acylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase activity. These findings emphasise the importance of investigating fatty acid oxidation in infants who have died unexpectedly.
Cost-effective Cardiology: The New Challenge
Authors: Paul E. Bogden
Journal: JAMA (1985)

If necessity is the mother of invention, then limitation of national health care expenditures should inspire creative new approaches in search of less costly health care. In the January issue of the<i>Archives of Internal Medicine</i>, Lee and colleagues<sup>1</sup>address the timely question of how to identify those patients with acute chest pain who are at low risk for coronary obstructive disease. The need for such a study is clear—1 1/2 million people are admitted to coronary care units every year for suspected ischemic heart disease, and in most of these, myocardial infarction is eventually ruled out.<sup>3-5</sup>It is important to identify such patients earlier, with great accuracy and as economically as possible. Dr Lee and colleagues employ the time-honored method of retrospective analysis of an existing clinical data base to identify these individuals. They emphasize that no single variable could identify low-risk patients as well as a normal
Urinary steroid values as a guide to prognosis in breast cancer.
Authors: K. A. Ahlquist, A. W. Jackson, J. G. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1968)

data relating urinary steroid excretion to response after ablative endocrine surgery (hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy) in ad- vanced breast cancer.The impetus for this study derived from their experience that no clinical method was known which could select patients likely to respond to such treatment.The excretions of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and of 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids (11-DOOS) were particularly investi- gated, and of the latter group aetiocholanolone (3a-hydroxy-5,8-androstan-17-one) was found to be of most significance.On the basis of these studies statistical considerations led to the presentation of an expression-80-80 (17-OHCS mg./24 hr.) + aetiocholanolone (Mg./24 hr.)-which on appropriate sub- stitution of found values gave rise to the " discriminant func- tion."The discriminant was frequently positive in subjects responsive to such ablative procedures and negative in subjects showing no response.Later publications from the same group of workers suggested that the discriminant appeared to be of some prognostic value in early disease.A large proportion of patients with early disease were found to have negative discriminants, this being very uncommon in normal subjects (Bulbrook, Hayward, Spicer, and Thomas, 1962).Furthermore, that group of
Enoxaparin Anticoagulation Monitoring in the Catheterization Laboratory Using a New Bedside Test
Authors: Johanne Silvain, Farzin Beygui, Annick Ankri, Anne Bellemain-Appaix, Ana Pena, Olivier Barthelemy, Guillaume Cayla, Vanessa Gallois, Sophie Galier, Dominique Costagliola, Jean-Philippe Collet, Gilles Montalescot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Toxic Neighbors?: Fetal Death Risk Near Hazardous Waste Sites
Authors: Julia R. Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Arsenic Upsets HeartbeatPossible Early Warning for Cardiovascular Risk Acute arsenic exposure can cause severe heartbeat abnormalities, and chronic exposure has been linked to coronary disease and cancer.Now researchers from Inner Mongolia, China, and the United States have begun to analyze the effects of chronic exposure on the electrical signals that regulate heartbeat [EHP 115:690-694; Mumford et al.].They found a correlation between exposure via drinking well water and signal changes associated with arrhythmia and death.Tens of millions of people worldwide drink groundwater contaminated with naturally occurring arsenic.Through metabolism, the inorganic arsenic found in drinking water is converted to more toxic methylated compounds.The research team focused on the QTc interval, a specific portion of the cardiac signal that corresponds to the active pumping (systole) phase of the heartbeat.QTc intervals of 0.45 second or longer are associated with cardiac risk.The team used electrocardiography to measure the QTc interval of 168 men and 145 women from four villages in Ba Men, an area of Inner Mongolia where the drilling of artesian wells in 1980 exposed residents to arsenic.Arsenic exposure was determined through analysis of toenail samples from participants and water samples from their wells.Arsenic exposure was categorized as low (21 µg/L or less), medium (100-300 µg/L), or high (430-609 µg/L).As exposure to arsenic increased, so did the occurrence of prolonged QTc interval, which was seen in 3.9% of the low exposure group, 11.1% of the medium exposure group, and 20.6% of the high exposure group.Women-who typically have a longer QTc interval than men-were more susceptible to this effect than men.Age, smoking, and pesticide exposure did not affect the association.The authors suggest that arsenic may affect QTc interval by altering the flow of potassium ions that are involved in cardiac signaling.They write that measurement of QTc interval may be useful in the early detection of cardiovascular risk among individuals exposed to arsenic, as well as in the identification of populations where such risk is high.The team is currently conducting a large follow-up study in the same population.Meanwhile, the Chinese government is helping to install water systems in the Ba Men area that will decrease arsenic exposure.-Kris Freeman
Letter: Strike action in hospitals.
Authors: E Smyth
Journal: BMJ (1975)

to encourage early referral of patients with acute re.nal failure so that fibrin deposition does not progress to a degree which results in irreversible renal damage.Early referral for dialysis may prove to be an equally effective, less hazardous, and cheaper form of therapy than the adnministration of strepto- kinase.-Weare, etc.,
Prevalence of human herpesvirus‐8 in skin lesions
Authors: S. NISHIMOTO, R. INAGI, K. YAMANISHI, K. HOSOKAWA, M. KAKIBUCHI, K. YOSHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A putative new herpesvirus, designated Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) was recently identified in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. The DNA sequence of the virus is homologous to the gamma-herpesviruses such as herpesvirus Saimiri or Epstein-Barr virus, both of which are tumorigenic, suggesting that this new virus may also be oncogenic. Thus, we determined whether the virus is present in other skin lesions. DNA samples from 118 skin specimens were tested for the HHV-8 sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. The sequences were detected in 13 of 21 samples from Bowen's disease, three of 11 squamous cell carcinomas, three of 11 actinic keratoses, three of seven leucoplakia, one of six from Paget's disease, one of 12 malignant melanoma, one of seven neurofibromas, two of seven chronic dermatites and one of 14 normal skin samples. On sequencing the PCR products, new mutation points were detected. These results suggest that the virus is associated with lesions other than Kaposi's sarcoma and may be more widespread than expected (with a latent level too low to be detected), like the other herpesviruses. Some lesions. e.g. in Bowen's disease or squamous cell carcinoma, may be locally immunosuppressed, allowing the virus to replicate until the copy number is sufficient for detection.
Pest control without pollution
Authors: G. W. Irving
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Appendicitis During Pregnancy
Authors: Raymond A. Lee, Carl E. Johnson, Richard E. Symmonds
Journal: JAMA (1965)

APPENDICITIS sometimes may threaten the life of the gravid patient, The diagnosis of acute appendicitis may be difficult under ordinary circumstances, but, in the pregnant patient, it represents an even greater challenge. Appendicitis is the most common extrauterine surgical complication of pregnancy,<sup>1</sup>and it occurs about once in every 1,000 pregnancies, being seen more frequently during the first two trimesters than during the last.<sup>2</sup>For a clearer understanding of the features and consequencies of appendicitis under these conditions, we have reviewed the recent experience at the Mayo Clinic. <h3>Observations</h3> During the ten-year period, 1954 through 1963, 34 pregnant women sought medical attention because of acute abdominal pain that led to the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pregnancy. Of these 34 patients, 20 were proved, by microscopic examination, to have acute appendicitis (an accuracy rate of 59%). Since there were 16,100deliveries during the period of this study, in our series the incidence of acute
Hypertrophy of the Arterial Walls
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1873)

Social Science Association to Leeds served to rouse the authorities to exert their powers to improve the sanitary state of the town and dimin- ish a still unenviable high rate of mortality.The improvement of the homes and habits of the working classes is one of the most effective means of diminishing the high rate of mortality existing in most of our large towns.Popular lectures on sanitary science and physiology can be made very attractive by the introduction of a few experiments, such as those on the chemical composition of the atmosphere, water, blood, etc.The series of sanitary lectures at my suggestion kindly given by
Socioeconomics of Surgery
Authors: John L. Glover
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The messages of Ira Rutkow's<i>Socioeconomics of Surgery</i>are these: (1) that surgical care is the easiest specialty to regulate because operations are well-defined events and costs with fairly obvious consequences; (2) that data for regulation of surgical care are being gathered by a host of nonsurgical scientists, some of whom are not physicians; (3) that it is unfortunate that more surgeons are not involved in or even conversant with studies designed to gather such data; and (4) that they had better get involved in order to prevent unreasonable regulation of surgeons and unfair consequences for patients. He's right! The book, which is intended to be a compendium of information relative to surgical socioeconomic matters, has five sections: (1) surgical demographics, (2) delivery and financing of surgical services, (3) quality of surgical care, (4) legal and ethical issues in surgery, and (5) a summary, which gives Dr Rutkow's personal perspective
INFANT MORTALITY DURING LABOR, AND ITS PREVENTION.
Authors: Z. LINCOLN WHITMIRE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

<h3>Uterine inertia.</h3> —This brings us to uterine inertia, which is a peculiarity the uterus has sometimes of suspending operations and refusing to further assist in the delivery of the child. It most commonly occurs in protracted cases, accompanied by great prostration in the patient, and coming on near the termination of labor, though it may occur at any time, it is more apt to occur at a time when its presence most endangers the child's life, as when the head or cord or both are passing over the perineum and are undergoing great compression irrespective of the uterine contractions; so that for the child to be left in this position would be certain death if continued for any great length of time. Uterine inertia is also apt to appear in excessively painful cases and in those in which the patient is weak and emaciated, a condition resulting from disease or
Colonoscopic Treatment of Obstructive Appendicitis Caused by Dislocation of a Biliary Stent
Authors: D. Schwab, U. Baum, E. G. Hahn
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills. She had a history of complicated cholecystectomy with secondary stenosis of the common bile duct, which was treated with biliary stents for 24 months. On physical examination, she was febrile (38.6 °C), with tenderness in the right lower quadrant and a negative psoas sign. Laboratory tests revealed a leukocytosis of 15.2 × 109/l and an elevated C-reactive protein level at 8.2 mg/l. The bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were within normal limits.
Abstract 3251: Zebrafish: Is it a viable model for prostate cancer
Authors: Pudur Jagadeeswaran, Angela Hutson, Uvaraj Radhakrishnan, Seongcheol Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Since its introduction as a vertebrate model organism for developmental studies, the Zebrafish model has continued to improve in its useful applications for studying human disease and more recently cancer. However, because there has been no evidence for the presence of prostate glands in fish, this model has not been exploited to study cancer of the prostate gland. In this abstract, we present evidence that fish carry prostate-like cells and, therefore, we postulate that zebrafish could be used as a model for prostate cancer research. We hypothesized that even though a well-defined prostate gland is not present in fish, there may be a few cells similar to thyroid gland. As a first approach, we developed an experimental design for detection of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) gene and protein expression, as well as PSA gene mapping. PSA is a serine protease that binds in seminal plasma to protein C inhibitor, which is involved in the clotting cascade in humans. When we analyzed the zebrafish genome, we found a PSA gene that is syntenic to human PSA and at the protein level zebrafish PSA is 70% homologous to human PSA. We also found PSA mRNA by RT-PCR analysis of the total testes RNA. In situ hybridization of the 4 day old zebrafish larva revealed expression of PSA in gonad. Treatment of zebrafish larvae with the anti-androgen, hydroxyl-flutamide, showed a PSA response profile similar to that in mammalian models in which there is a reduction in PSA mRNA at low doses and an increase at high doses with a return to baseline levels. Based on these findings we contend zebrafish have cells which are functionally equivalent to the prostate gland. We further believe that this information supports the notion of using zebrafish as a model to generate prostate cancer -like symptoms and propose for future studies expression of SV40 large T antigen under the PSA promoter to be used to demonstrate proof of principle. Such a model would be useful to explore not only early detection of prostate cancer but also to provide the opportunity for large scale studies of chemical suppression of cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3251.
Medical research: everybody's doing it
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

This month the National Science Board in the United States will produce for the President of the United States its eighth biennial publication called Science Indicators.1 This weighty but well pro? duced document contains extensive data on what research is being done in the US, who is doing it, how productive it is, and how it compares with research being done abroad. Much more could be included, and the man responsible for producing the report, Dr Carlos Kruytbosch, head of the science indicators unit at the National Science Foundation, was quick to point out when I spoke to him in Washington that many of the data in his report are sketchy. Nevertheless, the British equivalent, the fifth Annual Review of Government Funded R&D, which was published just before Christmas by the Cabinet Office, is generally a much . skimpier and less ambitious publication.2
Arrhythmogenic autoantibodies against calcium channel lead to sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hua Xiao, Min Wang, Yimei Du, Jing Yuan, Xiang Cheng, Zhijian Chen, Anruo Zou, Fen Wei, Guanghong Zhao, Yu‐Hua Liao
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)