tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF McGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL
Authors: W. S. Morrow
Journal: BMJ (1903)

THE present is a time of transition in the teaching of prac- tical physiology.There is no settled standard of what should be expected of a medical student in this subject.It seems well, therefore, for those who have reached even a very temporary halting place to state their position, so that others may derive benefit from their experience, or assist them by friendly criticism.Even those who are not devoting their ,time especially to physiology, but who are daily using it in the practice, or perchance the teaching, of medicine, can help us in the solution of some of our problems if they will give expression to their views.The opportunity of taking a forward step was afforded us at McGill two years ago by the erection of a large addition to -our medical building through the munificence of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal.At about the same time the Faculty of Medicine au- thorized the Pro- fessor of Physiology to spend be- tween three and four thousand dollars on new appa- -ratus.Advantage was taken of this -combination of circumstances to reorganize the whole department.In the .presentaccount, however, it is intended to dwell especially on the provisions that have beehi made ,for students' practical work.Laboratory Accommodation.The main stu- Aents' laboratory is a well-lighted troom, C(o bY 40 ft.in size.
A Carelessly Edited Medical Journal.
Authors: R. I. McNeil
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Mescalero, N. M., June 22, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I admireThe Journalfor its unremitting fight for the correction of abuses in the medical profession. I am writing now to call attention to one that has not hitherto been taken up, but concerning which I feel a few words editorially would not be amiss. There is a monthly medical journal which comes to my desk regularly but whose stay there is short, as it generally finds its way promptly to the waste basket. This is not because my time is so limited that I can not spend an hour now and then with medical journals, but because, after looking over the first copy or two and finding it so carelessly gotten up, filled with misprints, misspelled words, etc., I have not the slightest respect for it as an authority or as a disseminator of medical news or the thoughts
Periurethral Injection of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with Controlled-Release Nerve Growth Factor for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in a Rat Model
Authors: Weiming Zhao, Cheng Zhang, Chengjun Jin, Zijian Zhang, Deling Kong, Wanhai Xu, Youcheng Xiu
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Positive and Negative Volume-Outcome Relationships in the Geriatric Trauma Population
Authors: Kazuhide Matsushima, Eric W. Schaefer, Eugene J. Won, Scott B. Armen, Matthew C. Indeck, David I. Soybel
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> In trauma populations, improvements in outcome are documented in institutions with higher case volumes. However, it is not known whether improved outcomes are attributable to the case volume within specific higher-risk groups, such as the elderly, or to the case volume among all trauma patients treated by an institution. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the hypothesis that outcomes of trauma care for geriatric patients are affected differently by the volume of geriatric cases and nongeriatric cases of an institution. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study using a statewide trauma registry was set in state-designated levels 1 and 2 trauma centers in Pennsylvania. It included 39 431 eligible geriatric trauma patients (aged &gt;65 years) in the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> In-hospital mortality, major complications, and mortality after major complications (failure to rescue). <h3>Results</h3> Between 2001 and 2010, 39 431 geriatric trauma patients and 105 046 nongeriatric patients were captured in a review of outcomes in 20 state-designated levels 1 and 2 trauma centers. Larger volumes of geriatric trauma patients were significantly associated with lower odds of in-hospital mortality, major complications, and failure to rescue. In contrast, larger nongeriatric trauma volumes were significantly associated with higher odds of major complications in geriatric patients. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Higher rates of in-hospital mortality, major complications, and failure to rescue were associated with lower volumes of geriatric trauma care and paradoxically with higher volumes of trauma care for younger patients. These findings offer the possibility that outcomes might be improved with differentiated pathways of care for geriatric trauma patients.
ANOPHTHALMOS.REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: LAWRENCE R. RYAN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The case of anophthalmos which I am about to report is not detailed for the purpose of deriving great clinical benefit from its consideration, but purely on account of its scientific bearing, and the possibility of throwing some light on the intrauterine disturbances that may cause the development of monstrosities. Cases of anophthalmos are indeed rare, and cases of pseudoanophthalmos or microophthalmos are seldom enough seen to warrant us in presenting them to this scientific body. Aside from the complete absence of the eyeballs, other congenital deformities associated in this case are worthy of consideration. Then, too, the possibility of the influence of consanguinity in their causation makes it doubly interesting. This case was brought to my knowledge in the following manner: Sept. 7, 1894, I was summoned to a neighboring town to see a child about two months of age, which apparently had something wrong with its eyes.
Monitoring metal concentrations in tissues and single cells using ultramicrosensors.
Authors: T Malinski, S Grunfeld, Z Taha, P Tomboulian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Intercellular and extracellular metal concentrations were measured using carbon fiber ultramicrosensors plated with mercury or with polymeric porphyrinic p-type semiconductors. Concentrations of unbound nickel and lead ions were studied within individual BC3H-1 myocytes, and H4-11-C3 rat hepatoma cells. Unbound ions are predominantly solvated inorganic ions not coordinated to biological cellular components. Fabrication of ultramicrosensors appropriate for the cells under investigation is described, including procedures for sharpening and waxing the microsensors in order to control the shape, area, and dimensions of the electroactive surface. Metal ion movement through cell membranes and intracellular ion diffusion in aorta tissue were studied.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Obese African-American Adolescents With NIDDM
Authors: Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Lawrence M Dolan, Philip S Zeitler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether ketosis at the time of presentation occurs among African-American adolescents with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We reviewed the charts of all islet cell antibody (ICA) negative patients diagnosed with NIDDM at Children's Hospital Medical Center (CHMC) between 1982 and 1995. RESULTS Between 1982 and 1985, 70 adolescents were diagnosed with NIDDM. Of these, ICA determinations were available and negative on 42 subjects (28 African-American, 12 white). Twelve of 28 (42%) African-American patients presented with ketonuria, and seven of 28 (25%) presented with DKA. In comparison, none of the 12 white adolescents with NIDDM had ketonuria at presentation or during their subsequent course. Mean follow-up time for patients with ketosis at presentation was 24 months. There was no difference between the age, BMI, or sex distribution of patients with and without ketosis. Previously diagnosed hypertension was present in 42% of patients presenting with ketosis, compared with 17% of the general NIDDM population at CHMC. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ketosis may occur among African-American adolescents with NIDDM, as has been previously reported among African-American adults with NIDDM. Therefore, ketosis in obese young African-American patients with new-onset diabetes does not necessarily imply the presence of IDDM and insulin dependence.
Cardiogenic shock with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry
Authors: Alice K Jacobs, John K French, Jacques Col, Lynn A Sleeper, James N Slater, Louis Carnendran, Jean Boland, Xianjiao Jiang, Thierry LeJemtel, Judith S Hochman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Commentary: Is caesarean section a treatment for medical paranoia?
Authors: H. Bastian, C. Conroy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The argument that a caesarean section, imposed with physical force on an unwilling woman, could actually be good for her mental wellbeing came as a complete shock to us. Distress and depression after caesarean section are common, even when a woman has consented to, or even welcomed, the surgery.1 2 3 4 It is painful to contemplate what an enforced caesarean section would be like, particularly for a woman with paranoid schizophrenia.

Going under anaesthetic is something that scares many women. For most of us, those fears will be about whether we will wake up and how our bodies and babies will cope. Maybe we might later wonder: “Is that baby really mine?” The aftermath …
Diagnosis, assessment, and management of harmful drinking and alcohol dependence: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: Stephen Pilling, Amina Yesufu-Udechuku, Clare Taylor, Colin Drummond
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Alcohol dependence affects 4% of people aged between 16 and 65 years in England (6% of men and 2% of women),1 and over 26% of all adults (38% of men and 16% of women) consume alcohol in a way that is potentially or actually harmful to their health or wellbeing. Yet currently only 6% of people who are alcohol dependent receive treatment.1 Alcohol dependence is characterised by withdrawal, craving, impaired control, and tolerance of alcohol and is associated with a higher rate of mental and physical illness and a wide range of social problems. Harmful drinking is a pattern of alcohol consumption that can lead to psychological problems such as depression, accidents, injuries, and physical health problems such as pancreatitis. Alcohol misuse is also an increasing problem in children and young people, with over 24 000 treated in the NHS for alcohol related problems in 2008 and 2009.2 Hospital admissions related to alcohol consumption increased by 81% between 2003 and 2009.3 Harmful drinking and alcohol dependence therefore represent a considerable burden to individuals, their families, and wider society. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the diagnosis, assessment, and management of harmful drinking and alcohol dependence.4 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Identification and initial assessment
Control of the calcium pump of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. A specific role for the pentameric structure of phospholamban?
Authors: J Colyer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Control of the calcium pump of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. A specific role for the pentameric structure of phospholamban? Get access John Colyer John Colyer Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom: Dr J Colyer. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 10, October 1993, Pages 1766–1771, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.10.1766 Published: 01 October 1993 Article history Received: 23 December 1992 Accepted: 26 March 1993 Published: 01 October 1993
Book Review Current Therapy in Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Fourth edition. Edited by Lawrence M. Lichtenstein and Anthony M. Fauci. 391 pp. St. Louis, B.C. Decker/Mosby-Year Book, 1992. $75. 1-55664-329-2
Authors: Elliott Middleton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Mast cell chymase inhibition reduces atherosclerotic plaque progression and improves plaque stability in ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Ilze Bot, Martine Bot, Sandra H. van Heiningen, Peter J. van Santbrink, Inge M. Lankhuizen, Peter Hartman, Sabine Gruener, Hans Hilpert, Theo J.C. van Berkel, Jürgen Fingerle, Erik A.L. Biessen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsMast cells have been shown to accumulate in the adventitia of human atherosclerotic plaques and were recently demonstrated by us to contribute to plaque progression and instability. In this study, we investigated whether selective inhibition of mast cell chymases would affect the lesion development and stability.
Diagnostic value of serum pepsinogen C in patients with raised serum concentrations of pepsinogen A.
Authors: I Biemond, J Kreuning, J B Jansen, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1993)

Hypopepsinogenaemia A is often found in patients with gastric atrophy and gastric surgery. In these conditions serum pepsinogen C provides additional diagnostic information, especially when expressed as pepsinogen A:C ratio. Hyperpepsinogenaemia A has been shown in patients with duodenal ulcer disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, hypertrophic gastropathy, chronic renal failure, and during omeprazole treatment. As patients with hyperpepsinogenaemia A often overlap in symptoms, endoscopical findings, and serum gastrin values, this study has evaluated whether measurement of serum pepsinogen C in subjects with hyperpepsinogenaemia A can help in differentiating clinical conditions. Serum concentrations of pepsinogen A and C were measured in serologically Helicobacter pylori negative blood transfusion donors (127) as reference population, and in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (24), duodenal ulcer (50), hypertrophic gastropathy (5), and chronic renal failure (50), and also in reflux oesophagitis patients on longterm omeprazole treatment (28). A low pepsinogen A:C ratio was found in all patients with hypertrophic gastropathy. A pepsinogen A:C ratio above the critical value of 4.7 was found in 14 (70.0%) of the Zollinger-Ellison patients, two (9.5%) of the duodenal ulcer patients, 11 (25.6%) of the patients with chronic renal failure, and in one (7.1%) of the patients receiving longterm omeprazole treatment. In fact, all but three hyperpepsinogenaemia A patients with a pepsinogen A:C ratio greater than 4.7 and normal renal function had the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. In patients with hyperpepsinogenaemia A, a low pepsinogen A:C ratio may point to hypertrophic gastropathy, while a pepsinogen A:C ratio greater than 4.7 is suggestive for the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
The Selection of Cadaver Kidney Recipients
Authors: David S. Fryd
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Task Force on Organ Transplantation<sup>1</sup>wanted to improve matching of donors and recipients as well as access to organs by groups at special disadvantage, and thereby improve the outcome of organ transplantation. Mandatory sharing of six-antigen matches will definitely improve matching. There is also no doubt that the point system recently described by Starzl et al,<sup>2</sup>and adopted by the United Network for Organ Sharing as the basis for sharing organs, will improve access for disadvantaged groups and patients with medical emergencies. However, will the point system lower the national outcome results? One problem is that low-risk candidates waiting for kidneys may have to become higher risk before they have enough points to receive kidneys. Let us consider where the points come from in nationally shared kidneys. Since medical emergencies are rare, most persons are close to a transplant center, and all nationally shared
Role of nitric oxide and superoxide anions in interleukin-1 beta-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin.
Authors: H Tsukagoshi, R A Robbins, P J Barnes, K F Chung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We investigated the role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anions in recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta)-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and neutrophilia in Brown-Norway rats. Aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg/d) administered subcutaneously for 3 d, an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, L-arginine (100 mg/kg/d administered subcutaneously for 3 d, a specific precursor for the synthesis of NO, and apocynin (5 mg/kg/orally), an inhibitor of superoxide anion (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase in macrophages and neutrophils, were administered prior to administration of rhIL-1 beta (500 U) intratracheally. Aminoguanidine in addition to another inhibitor of NO synthase, NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 100 mg kg/d administered subcutaneously for 3 d augmented bronchial responsiveness to inhaled bradykinin (BK) but not to acetylcholine (ACh), an effect reversed by L-arginine. rhIL-1 beta-treated rats also demonstrated BHR to BK but not to ACh, associated with neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). rhIL-1 beta-induced BHR and neutrophilia were neither further increased by aminoguanidine nor inhibited by L-arginine. Apocynin, however, significantly inhibited rhIL-1 beta-induced BHR but not the BALF neutrophilia. Suppression of NO generation and generation of O2- from macrophages and infiltrating neutrophils may be important in rhIL-1 beta-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin.
Urinary erythrocyte morphology in acute glomerulonephritis.
Authors: P Van Iseghem, D Hauglustaine, W Bollens, P Michielsen
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A propos d'une observation suivie pendant 50 jours. La morphologie des hematies presentes dans l'urine fournit une indication sur leur origine: les hematies d'origine glomerulaire presentent des distortions. La proportion elevee d'hematies deformees est un indice pour le diagnostic de glomerulonephrite
Aut Rush Aut Nullus.
Authors: Thos. D. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Pittsburg, Pa., March 28, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Is it not possible to broaden "The Rush Monument" project into "A Monument to American Medicine?" Rush would still be the central figure, to which could be added medallions, or panels, honoring McDowell, Wells and Sims. It has been repeatedly urged that we are not as loyal to our profession as the homeopaths, who have erected such a fine monument to Hahnemann. But scientific medicine is not founded on any one man, no matter how great he may have been. I feel sure contributions would flow in faster if such a memorial to American medicine was contemplated. The three I have named made discoveries and instituted operations that have revolutionized surgery, and so, surely deserve a place on such a monument. The profession here have recently subscribed $500 to the fund, but I have heard many doctors express a wish that the
Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial Studying Short Term Biological Effects of the Combination of Letrozole and Zoledronic Acid on Invasive Breast Cancer.
Authors: N. Bundred, A. Cramer, J. Morris, G. Landberg, L. Renshaw, M. Winter, R. Coleman, S. Grassby, F. Knox, M. Dixon
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract To determine whether the addition of Zoledronic Acid to endocrine therapy increases apoptosis or decreases proliferation in early invasive breast cancer, a placebo controlled randomised trial comparing 14 days treatment with Letrozole or Letrozole and Zoledronic Acid pre-operatively was performed.PatientsIn total 109 postmenopausal women with early invasive hormone receptor positive breast cancer were randomised (1:1:1) to either placebo, Letrozole 2.5mg/day or Letrozole with Zoledronic Acid 4mg single dose intravenously 2-4 days before definitive surgical excision. Epithelial proliferation and apoptosis were measured on paired baseline and surgical biopsy specimens (after 14 days of treatment) using Ki67 and Activated Caspase 3 immunohistochemistry. Alterations in angiogenic markers (VCAM/VEGF and CD31) were also studied. The primary endpoint was fall in Ki67 between diagnosis and surgical excision.ResultsOverall 109 women were enrolled but paired biopsies were only available for 101 patients. PlaceboLetrozoleLet + Zoln323435Absolute Ki67 change (median,range)-0.8 (-12,12)8.6 (-14,37)12.9 (-12,29) Caspase 3 change (median,range)0.1 (-3.8, 9.3)0.4 (-2.7, -4.1)0.2 (-10.9, -14.4) Absolute change (Cell turnover index)-0.3 (-142, -59)18.9 (-201, 192)17.7 (-14, 379) Statistically significant reductions in Ki67 and Cell Turnover Index were seen with Letrozole and Let &amp; Zol (p ≤ 0.001) but there was no significant different between Letrozole and Letrozole plus Zoledronic Acid groups (p = 0.26). Apoptosis did not change between the three groups.ConclusionLetrozole reduces proliferation by 70% when used for 14 days prior to surgery. Zoledronic Acid administration prior to surgery is safe but when administered as a single dose at a median of 3 days before surgery did not significantly increase apoptosis or decrease proliferation compared to Letrozole alone. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2009.
Human gastric B cell responses can be induced by intestinal immunisation
Authors: M Quiding-Jarbrink
Journal: Gut (2001)

In a previous study, we found that oral vaccination induces strong B cell responses in the stomach of Helicobacter pylori infected but not of uninfected individuals. In this study, we have evaluated the possibility of inducing gastric immune responses in H pylori infected volunteers by intestinal and gastric immunisation.H pylori infected subjects were given two doses of an inactivated cholera vaccine, either intestinally via an endoscope approximately 30 cm distal to the pylorus sphincter or intragastrically as small droplets applied directly onto the stomach mucosa. Uninfected individuals received the vaccine by standard oral procedure. Vaccine specific antibody secreting cells in antral and duodenal biopsies were detected by the enzyme linked immunospot assay technique before and seven days after the second immunisation.Intestinal immunisations resulted in induction of vaccine specific gastric IgA secreting cells in five of eight volunteers. This immunisation schedule also gave rise to specific duodenal antibody secreting cells in seven of eight individuals. Local gastric immunisation resulted in the induction of specific B cells in the gastric mucosa of four of eight volunteers. Gastric antigen application also resulted in B cell responses in the duodenum in all volunteers. Uninfected volunteers receiving the vaccine perorally responded in the duodenum but not in the stomach.H pylori infection increases the ability of the gastric mucosa to serve as an expression site for intestinally induced B cell responses. These findings are of importance when designing a therapeutic H pylori vaccine, and based on our results such a vaccine can be delivered along the whole upper gastrointestinal tract.