tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EMG in sports rehabilitation
Authors: Shweta Shenoy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Surface EMG has been used to evaluate the functional status of skeletal muscles and assist in neuromuscular training and rehabilitation. EMG has a wide range of applications that include rehabilitation in various conditions as well as in specific fields such as kinesiology and biomechanics. EMG may be used to analyse muscle dysfunction in athletes, detect inappropriate muscle activation patterns and assist in establishing and assessing treatment outcomes in conditions like incontinence and low back pain. Low back pain in athletes is a condition resistant to treatment, and an understanding of this syndrome has been possible only through the use of EMG. The study of postural and neuromuscular control responses has demonstrated that these responses differ in low back ache and healthy subjects.
Hypertension in the Elderly
Authors: Cynthia D. Mulrow, John A. Cornell, Carlos R. Herrera, Abdulmajead Kadri, Lisa Farnett, Christine Aguilar
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate morbidity and mortality benefits of drug therapy for hypertensive elderly subjects, compare these benefits with effects in younger subjects, and provide a framework for generalizing results derived from trials to actual patients. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —A literature search using MEDLINE from 1966 to 1993, references from reviews and trial articles, and experts. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Randomized trials lasting at least 1 year that evaluated effects of drug treatment on morbidity and mortality outcomes in hypertensive persons. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Four independent reviewers appraised protocol characteristics and quality of selected trials. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —There were 13 trials involving 16 564 elderly persons (age 60 years and older). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and competing comorbid diseases was lower among trial participants than the general population of hypertensive elderly persons. When the six large high-quality trials were combined, trial results showed 43 subjects (95% confidence interval [CI], 31 to 69) and 61 subjects (95% CI, 39 to 141) needed to be treated for 5 years to prevent one cerebrovascular event and one coronary heart disease event, respectively. Including the other seven trials did not change the results significantly. Only 18 subjects (95% CI, 14 to 25) needed to be treated to prevent one cardiovascular event (cerebrovascular or cardiac). Twelve trials in primarily younger and middle-aged adults involved approximately 33 000 persons. For all outcomes except cardiac mortality, two to fourtimes as many of the younger subjects as the older subjects needed to be treated for 5 years to prevent morbid and mortal events. No significant effect on cardiac mortality was seen among younger subjects, while 78 older subjects (95% CI, 50 to 180) needed to be treated to prevent a fatal cardiac event. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Randomized trials demonstrate that treating healthy older persons with hypertension is highly efficacious. Five-year morbidity and mortality benefits derived from trials are greater for older than younger subjects. Extrapolating benefits from trials to individual patients is difficult, but should take into account multiple issues including the patient's risk factors, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and competing comorbid illnesses. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1932-1938)
Derivation of Lung Epithelium from Human Cord Blood–derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Viranuj Sueblinvong, Roberto Loi, Philip L. Eisenhauer, Ira M. Bernstein, Benjamin T. Suratt, Jeffrey L. Spees, Daniel J. Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Recent studies have suggested that both embryonic stem cells and adult bone marrow stem cells can participate in the regeneration and repair of diseased adult organs, including the lungs. However, the extent of airway epithelial remodeling with adult marrow stem cells is low, and there are no available in vivo data with embryonic stem cells. Human umbilical cord blood contains both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stem cells, which have been used clinically as an alternative to bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies and other diseases.We hypothesized that human umbilical cord blood stem cells might be an effective alternative to adult bone marrow and embryonic stem cells for regeneration and repair of injured airway epithelium.Human cord blood was obtained from normal deliveries at the University of Vermont. Cultured plastic adherent cells were characterized as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by flow cytometry and differentiation assays. Cord blood-derived MSCs (CB-MSCs) were cultured in specialized airway growth media or with specific growth factors, including keratinocyte growth factor and retinoic acid. mRNA and protein expression were analyzed with PCR and immunofluorescent staining. CB-MSCs were systematically administered to immunotolerant, nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice. Lungs were analyzed for presence of human cells.When cultured in specialized airway growth media or with specific growth factors, CB-MSCs differentially expressed Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), surfactant protein C, and thyroid transcription factor-1 mRNA, and CCSP and CFTR protein. Furthermore, CB-MSCs were easily transduced with recombinant lentiviral vectors to express human CFTR. After systemic administration to immunotolerant, NOD-SCID, mice, rare cells were found in the airway epithelium that had acquired cytokeratin and human CFTR expression.CB-MSCs appear to be comparable to MSCs obtained from adult bone marrow in ability to express phenotypic markers of airway epithelium and to participate in airway remodeling in vivo.
Use of renal resistive index and semi-rigid ureteroscopy for managing symptomatic persistent hydronephrosis during pregnancy
Authors: Murat Atar, Yasar Bozkurt, Haluk Soylemez, Necmettin Penbegul, Ahmet Ali Sancaktutar, Mehmet Nuri Bodakci, Namık Kemal Hatipoglu, Cihad Hamidi, Ali Ozler
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2012)
When Illness Strikes the Leader: The Dilemma ofthe Captive King
Authors: Ira M. Rutkow
Journal: JAMA (1993)

That illness, physical or mental, can have enormous impact on an individual's decision-making ability is eloquently affirmed in this masterful work. If the affected party should happen to be the leader of a country, then the very foundations ofthat society's political process can be seriously undermined. To not be aware of or understand the impact of our leaders' illnesses is to deny ourselves a measure of control over our own future. "...the prosperity of a country has as much to do with the mental and physical well-being of its leaders as does the size of its gross national product or the strength of its industrial-military complex." Accordingly, Post and Robins have performed an important task in helping the reader appreciate that the prosperity of a country has as much to do with the mental and physical well-being of its leaders as does the size of its gross national product or
INVOLVEMENT OF THE BRAIN STEM IN THE PRESENCE OF SUBDURAL HEMATOMA
Authors: JACK NELSON
Journal: JAMA (1942)

One of the most striking characteristics of subdural hematoma is its capacity for producing complex and variable symptomatology. From the time of its emergence as a disease entity out of the group of pachymeningitis hemorrhagica interna, the effective therapy for this condition has remained essentially unchanged and the problem has been posed as one of diagnosis. Accordingly, the study of subdural hematoma has been concerned largely with the clinical appearance of the disease as a syndrome requiring early and forthright recognition for its successful treatment. Even from the earliest reports, the impression is gained of the diverse and shifting character of the presenting picture. In the clinical study of Trotter<sup>1</sup>in 1914 the main characteristics of the condition were already described: trauma, often slight, was considered the invariable cause; a latent interval of hours to days was noted, followed by the prodromal symptoms of headache and generalized retardation. The
Complementary medicine. Who prescribes these treatments and when?
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: BMJ (1993)

numbers by making bids for staff grade posts and increasing the allocation of junior staff to medicine, all of which had been blocked by senior manage- ment.After my dismissal all the plans were imple- mented.The defendants apologised unreservedly to me and my family and stated that they wished publicly to vindicate fully my reputation both as a doctor and as a departmental manager.They agreed to pay my full costs and substantial damages.This case shows how vulnerable doctors can be in undertaking a significant management role and how the most senior managers can use their power to blame a doctor manager unjustifiably for their own inadequacies.The result also shows that, at present, consultants may have a more secure position in a trust than managers, whose short term rolling contracts may encourage them to scapegoat doctors to preserve their own position.
Eight centers to assess radial keratotomy
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) should commence soon under National Eye Institute (NEI) auspices. The NEI has approved the projected eight-center, five-year project, according to George O. Waring, MD, project chairman. In the meantime, "the protocol is being finalized," Waring says. So is the final amount of funding; a ballpark estimate is $2 million. Assuming that PERK is launched as planned, 480 patients will be recruited and will undergo unilateral radial keratotomy—all during the first year of the project—at the participating institutions: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami; Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia; and the departments of ophthalmology at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York; the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City; Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans; the University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Emory University School of
Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion in Patients with Chronic Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: C. S. Humphrey, J. R. W. Dykes, D. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1972)

An oral glucose tolerance test has been used to compare carbohydrate metabolism in patients suffering from chronic duodenal ulceration with that in a matched group of normal subjects. A significantly greater rise in blood glucose concentration was observed in the duodenal ulcer group, and this was associated with a significantly greater output of insulin. The reason for these findings may be an abnormal secretion of one or more of the small-bowel hormones.
TREATMENT OF HIGH RISK AORTIC STENOSIS PATIENTS WITH TRANSCATHETER MEDTRONIC COREVALVE IMPLANTATION: RESULTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CENTER ADVANCE STUDY
Authors: Axel Linke, Ulrich Gerckens, Peter Wenaweser, Corrado Tamburino, Johan Bosmans, Stephen Brecker, Robert Bauernschmitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Medical Uncertainty and Practice Variation
Authors: Jack Beaird
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters1 February 2000Medical Uncertainty and Practice VariationJack Beaird, MDJack Beaird, MDWoodlake Clinic; Richfield, MN 55423 (Beaird)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-3-200002010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Daley's question “What should I do about hormone replacement?” (1) stems from an underlying assumption that hormone replacement is in itself a good thing. Such assumptions are used by philosophers who look at issues from a deontologic perspective. Deontologists believe that actions are good or bad in and of themselves. Lies are bad, no matter what the motive. Consequentialists are the traditional adversaries of deontologists. Consequentialists believe that an action's worth can be judged only by looking at the goodness of its outcomes.If Dr. Daley approached her question from a consequentialist point of view, she ...Reference1. Daley J. Medical uncertainty and practice variation get personal: what should I do about hormone replacement therapy? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:602-4. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Woodlake Clinic; Richfield, MN 55423 (Beaird) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFlock Worker's Lung William W. Merrill Medical Uncertainty and Practice Variation Get Personal: What Should I Do about Hormone Replacement Therapy? Jennifer Daley Metrics 1 February 2000Volume 132, Issue 3Page: 246-247KeywordsCalciumCardiovascular diseasesDietEstrogen replacement therapyEstrogensExerciseLipidsObstetrics and gynecologyOsteoporosisStatins Issue Published: 1 February 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Combined Use of Calcium-Channel and Beta-Adrenergic Blockers for the Treatment of Chronic Stable Angina
Authors: William E. Strauss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

During the past decade, the therapy for stable angina pectoris has greatly expanded with the introduction of the calcium-channel blockers. Initially studied as monotherapy, these agents have been regularly used in combination with other antianginal medications, most notably the beta-adrenergic blockers. Although there are pharmacologic rationales for combining these agents, in daily practice, the major impetus for combination therapy is continuing angina during monotherapy. At least one well-conducted double-blind study was done to confirm that diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine each can markedly improve both subjective and objective measures of efficacy when used in combination with a beta-blocker. However, individual patient responses are of chief importance. Many persons do better with monotherapy than with combination treatment. The offsetting hemodynamic effects of nifedipine and a beta-blocker generally work well together; however, minor side effects are not infrequent. In the patient with underlying conduction system disease, this combination is clearly preferable. Diltiazem with a beta-blocker is usually well-tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse effects, similar to the experience with diltiazem monotherapy. Verapamil in conjunction with a beta-blocker warrants the greatest concern; approximately 10% to 15% of patients will have significant bradycardia, heart block, hypotension, or congestive failure. When these agents are used concurrently, reduced dosages, especially of the beta-blocker, will likely result in a lower incidence of adverse effects with maintained efficacy.
Completeness of Toxicological Analyses-Reply
Authors: Bryan S. Finkle
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The key point made by Goldman and Ingelfinger is that studies that attempt to assess the hazard of any drug and rely heavily on analytical toxicology data can only be accepted as valid if sensitive and specific assays for all drugs that may be encountered in fatal overdose cases are included within the scope of the laboratory analytical methods. This is an important point with which I do not take issue. However, they can be assured that the scope and sensitivity of the screening procedures, and the accuracy and precision of the quantitative assays employed, were carefully evaluated and documented in the original study. These details were not included in the final publication to limit the length of the article and for other editorial reasons. Each laboratory included in the survey met criteria that ensured that all of the commonly encountered and anticipated drugs and their pharmacologically significant
Barriers to Office-Based Screening Sigmoidoscopy: Does Reimbursement Cover Costs?
Authors: J D Lewis, D A Asch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy may reduce mortality rates from colorectal cancer. Primary care physicians are able to provide this screening procedure, but many have been reluctant to do so, partly because of the impression that reimbursement rates are inadequate to cover physician costs. This study examines the cost of performing flexible sigmoidoscopy in a primary care practice and compares this cost with the new Medicare reimbursement rate for flexible sigmoidoscopy. Fixed and variable costs associated with the performance of office-based flexible sigmoidoscopy were derived from the published literature. The principal assumption in the analyses is that the time required to perform flexible sigmoidoscopy represents an opportunity cost because the physician could use that time to see additional patients during routine office hours. Sensitivity analyses were done across a range of estimates for the cost variables. When Medicare reimbursement rates were used, the physician's total cost for flexible sigmoidoscopy without biopsy was $86.86, which is similar to the Medicare reimbursement rate for screening flexible sigmoidoscopy (code 45330, $87.84). The calculations were most sensitive to estimates of equipment cost, procedure time, number of procedures performed per year, additional malpractice coverage, and revenue generated per hour of outpatient care. The estimated cost per procedure in a screening program that includes the ability to perform biopsy is $152.93, which exceeds Medicare reimbursement rates across the range of all variables included in the sensitivity analyses. Thus, low reimbursement may limit the adoption of screening flexible sigmoidoscopy with or without biopsy in primary care practices.
Second report on results of a randomised clinical trial of fast neutrons compared with chi or gamma rays in treatment of advanced tumours of head and neck.
Authors: M Catterall, D K Bewley, I Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1977)

for it.Since wholemeal Manitoba flour contains 3-8 to 3-9 mg iron/ 100 g, compared with 1 mg/100 g, in unsupplemented white bread, the amounts of iron absorbed from both types of bread are similar (0 11 mg/100 g from wholemeal and 0 09 mg/100 g from white flour).Further isotopic studies are needed to determine whether supplemen- tation of white bread with elemental iron increases the absorption of iron.We suggest that supplementation of white bread with iron may be unnecessary as the higher iron absorption compensates for the lower iron content.
Searching the Medical Literature
Authors: Scott Adams, Seymour Taine
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE APPLICATIONS of computer technology to medical science are many, varied, and exciting. They range from the simulation of complex neurophysiological functions in the laboratory, on the one hand, through biomathematical data reduction, to the rendering of patient accounts in hospitals, on the other. Somewhat intermediate is the area of the manipulation of information known as IR, or information retrieval. The ability to store, manipulate, and retrieve records of published information through the medium of a digital computer has been a research objective for the past 15 years. Concurrent work on experimental systems has been progressing at several levels: citations to the published literature, specific data in the papers cited, and extraction of information from journal texts recorded on tape. With the inauguration this year of the MEDLARS system at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Md, the first of these objectives has been realized. Sophisticated machine retrieval of
Overcoming barriers to recruitment in health research: Concerns of potential participants need to be dealt with
Authors: Iain K Crombie, Marion E T McMurdo, Linda Irvine, Brian Williams
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Gornall is correct to raise the issue of Roy Meadow's and David Southall's omission from the reference list in the Child Protection Companion. 1 2 Southall, along with others, made contributions to the sections on fabricated and induced illness and imposed airway obstruction in chapter 6 of the Companion.Considerable notice was taken of Southall's views on these topics.The editorial group discussed how to manage the references throughout the book and, for these sections, chose to reference only the two documents on fabricated and induced illness produced by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2002) and the Department of Health (2002).We think that these documents covered the topic and referenced all the essential authors on this topic.In retrospect, however, the lack of appropriate reference to both Southall and Meadow is unsatisfactory, and their important work should have been acknowledged more fully.Unfortunately, at the time of the preparation of the content of the Companion, the two professors were involved in the disciplinary process of the General Medical Council, which has still not been concluded in relation to Meadow and which reached an unfavourable outcome with regard to Southall.We debated their difficult situation.We were concerned for them as individuals, particularly as they have both worked tirelessly in promoting the welfare and safety of children.We were also concerned about the outcome of the GMC hearings.We recognised the potential impact that an adverse outcome would have on the retention and recruitment of paediatricians into child protection and also considered any implications for the Companion, which we were in the process of producing.It is possible that had we referenced the two professors more fully, this could have provided lawyers and journalists with ammunition to undermine the value of the Companion.We were always mindful of the objectives that we had set ourselves in producing the Companion.It was never intended to be a fully referenced textbook, and many seminal papers are therefore not referenced.
Next Medicine: The Science and Civics of Health
Authors: Jeffrey Levin-Scherz
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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Targeted gene delivery with trisaccharide-substituted chitosan oligomers in vitro and after lung administration in vivo
Authors: Mohamed M. Issa, Magnus Köping-Höggård, Kristoffer Tømmeraas, Kjell M. Vårum, Bjørn E. Christensen, Sabina P. Strand, Per Artursson
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)