tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Weight, Weight Change, and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Authors: Walter C. Willett
Journal: JAMA (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the validity of the 1990 US weight guidelines for women that support a substantial gain in weight at approximately 35 years of age and recommend a range of body mass index (BMI) (defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) from 21 to 27 kg/m2, in terms of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in women. DESIGN--Prospective cohort study. SETTING--Female registered nurses in the United States. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 115,818 women aged 30 to 55 years in 1976 and without a history of previous CHD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Incidence of CHD defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD. RESULTS--During 14 years of follow-up, 1292 cases of CHD were ascertained. After controlling for age, smoking, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, and parental history of CHD and using as a reference women with a BMI of less than 21 kg/m2, relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CHD were 1.19 (0.97 to 1.44) for a BMI of 21 to 22.9 kg/m2, 1.46 (1.20 to 1.77) for a BMI of 23 to 24.9 kg/m2, 2.06 (1.72 to 2.48) for a BMI of 25 to 28.9 kg/m2, and 3.56 (2.96 to 4.29) for a BMI of 29 kg/m2 or more. Women who gained weight from 18 years of age were compared with those with stable weight (+/- 5 kg) in analyses that controlled for the same variables as well as BMI at 18 years of age. The RRs and CIs were 1.25 (1.01 to 1.55) for a 5- to 7.9-kg gain, 1.64 (1.33 to 2.04) for an 8- to 10.9-kg gain, 1.92 (1.61 to 2.29) for an 11- to 19-kg gain, and 2.65 (2.17 to 3.22) for a gain of 20 kg or more. Among women with the BMI range of 18 to 25 kg/m2, weight gain after 18 years of age remained a strong predictor of CHD risk. CONCLUSIONS--Higher levels of body weight within the "normal" range, as well as modest weight gains after 18 years of age, appear to increase risks of CHD in middle-aged women. These data provide evidence that current US weight guidelines may be falsely reassuring to the large proportion of women older than 35 years who are within the current guidelines but have potentially avoidable risks of CHD.
Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program: Maximizing Potential
Authors: Fred J. Hellinger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes18 March 2008Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program: Maximizing PotentialFred J. Hellinger, PhDFred J. Hellinger, PhDFrom the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail U.S. Institute of Medicine. 518 pages. Washington, DC: National Academies Pr; 2006. $59.95. ISBN 0309101085. Order at www.nap.edu.Field of medicine: Health care management.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Health care providers, legislative and executive branch staff, quality improvement organizations (QIOs), Medicare beneficiaries, and stakeholder groups.Purpose: This book was written in response to a Congressional request in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 for the Institute of Medicine to conduct an evaluation of the QIO program administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and to recommend how to restructure the program to spur more ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 March 2008Volume 148, Issue 6Page: 488KeywordsHealth care providersHealth care qualityHealth care quality assessmentMedical servicesMedicareMotivationPerformance measuresQuality improvementResearch quality assessmentSoftware tools ePublished: 18 March 2008 Issue Published: 18 March 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
European parliament supports juniors on working hours
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Standards designed to reduce the incidence of hospital acquired infection, including the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, were announced for England this week by the Department of Health.Speaking at a conference in London on governance in the NHS, health minister John Denham announced the new standards for NHS hospitals on infection control-part of the wider introduction of 18 new standards for the assessment of the performance across the service.He said: "One of the most important areas covered [in the new standards] is hospital acquired infection.Dealing with these infections is a huge problem, and we are determined to help the NHS deal with it.This issue affects thousands of patients throughout the NHS.Elderly people, the very young, and those who have had major
TCT-466 Bivalirudin Is Associated With Improved In-Hospital Outcomes After Peripheral Arterial Interventions: An Observational Analysis On 23,934 Patients From The PREMIER Hospital Database
Authors: Carey D. Kimmelstiel, Duane Pinto, Andrew Weintraub, George Dangas, Weihong Fan, Jayne Prats, Efthymios N. Deliargyris, Barry T. Katzen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The IL-1 type 1 receptor is required for the development of LPS-induced airways disease
Authors: David M. Brass, John W. Hollingsworth, Michael B. Fessler, Jordan D. Savov, Abby B. Maxwell, Gregory S. Whitehead, Lauranell H. Burch, David A. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Adjunctive role for biofeedback: neuromuscular rehabilitation
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To many, biofeedback is synonymous with the "alpha wave" craze of the 1960s and 1970s. Alpha brain waves—those with a frequency of 8 to 15 cps—usually are generated during periods of relaxation or light sleep. Since they often predominate in Indian yogis and others who meditate frequently, alpha wave production has been associated by some with the serene emotional state of such persons. Indeed, learning to "go into alpha" became the rage, and in 1971, ninety-nine different companies were producing EEG biofeedback machines for self-instruction. By using such equipment, a subject trained himself to consciously manipulate his own brain waves. Biofeedback, however, is not a magical method of mind or mental state control, but simply a technique that uses instruments to reveal to a person the covert activities of his or her body. Available biofeedback instruments measure a variety of physiological parameters, including heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, and
What Is the Best Approach to Treating Schizophrenia in Developing Countries?
Authors: Vikram Patel, Saeed Farooq, R Thara
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background to the Debate Schizophrenia affects an estimated 25 million people in low- and middle-income countries, with an average lifetime risk of about 1%. The illness is associated with excess mortality from a variety of causes. A 2001 Institute of Medicine report on mental illness in developing countries found that in 1990, over two-thirds of people with schizophrenia in these countries were not receiving any treatment (http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10111.html). The report found no evidence that the proportion of treated people in the developing world had increased since 1990. There is now a debate among mental health professionals in low-income countries over how best to improve patient care. In this article, three psychiatrists give their different viewpoints on the current status of treatment efforts for schizophrenia in the developing world and the measures that can be taken to increase the proportion of patients receiving treatment.
High Radical Prostatectomy Surgical Volume is Related to Lower Radical Prostatectomy Total Hospital Charges
Authors: Alvaro Ramirez, Serge Benayoun, Alberto Briganti, Jongi Chun, Paul Perrotte, Michael W. Kattan, Markus Graefen, Michael McCormack, Alfred I. Neugut, Fred Saad, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Spinal Injuries from Railroad Accidents.
Authors: H. Judd
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —I have read the article of Drs. Burry and Andrews relating to spinal injuries and have also read the criticism thereon by Dr. S. V. Clevenger, entitled "Spinal Concussion." Will Dr. Clevenger explain why it is that about twelve out of fifteen cases of alleged spinal injury from railroad accidents; falling on sidewalks, or factory accidents; or any accident where a corporation may be sued, get well after the claim has been settled or a jury has found a large verdict in their favor? Is it true that because courts permit such verdicts to stand, it is satisfactory proof that the injury existed? The lawyers tell us that juries are judges of the fact, and that the courts will approve verdicts if there has been no legal error in the trial. That large verdicts are given can hardly be accepted by intelligent surgeons as positive proof that the
Audit of a surgical firm by microcomputer: five years' experience
Authors: D C Dunn
Journal: BMJ (1988)

From 1982 to 1986 inclusive work of one surgical firm was audited with a microcomputer. Data were recorded on 4336 patients having 3355 operations, who were under the care of one consultant in a general surgical unit; fifty items of information were recorded on each patient, allowing a wide range of analyses to be performed—for example, the number of admissions and operations, grades of operation, diagnostic grouping, complications, and complication rates associated with individual surgeons. Data collected for the audit provided a valuable baseline for the unit, defining aspects of practice that could be reviewed and improved. During the audit the overall rate of complications as a percentage of admissions fell significantly from 13% to 9% and the rate of postoperative complications decreased significantly from 16% in 1982 to 11% in 1986. The incidence of chest and wound infections also decreased significantly. The system was improved by using the data to produce discharge summaries as well as audit; the microcomputer thus became an integral part of the office work of the unit.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Fungus Infections
Authors: Joachim R. Sommer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Written for the clinician, this book contains a wealth of practical information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of all forms of fungus diseases. About onefourth of the book is devoted to a concise discussion of the history, classification, physiology, environmental factors, and diagnostic laboratory methods in fungus diseases. The classification of Conant is adopted as the most practical. With this background, the reader finds it easy to follow, in the remainder of the book, the development of the pathogenesis, epidemology, and symptomatology of specific fungus diseases, including those of the central nervous system, as well as to understand the rationale behind the treatment. The book is very well written and includes a perusal of the world literature. The relatively small size belies the enormous amount of information contained in it. Most illustrations are superb; all tell their stories well. This is an excellent book.
Immunity to diphtheria in adults in England
Authors: E Miller, M Rush, P Morgan-Capner, D Hutchinson, L Hindle
Journal: BMJ (1994)

efforts" should be made to secure the attendance of the parents or carers, but if they cannot be notified the application can still be dealt with.Wardship proceedings can also be used.Judges are available on a 24 hour basis to deal with such emergency applications.Hospitals and surgeries should ensure that they have the up to date emergency telephone numbers.If necessary the police can prevent the child being removed from the hospital.If a child must be traced urgently, social services and the police should be contacted; wardship proceedings give access to additional search facilities.If there is no time to apply to court the procedure laid down by the Home Office should be followed.4Medical staff should fully familiarise themselves with the legal rules if tragedies like the death of Nakhira are to be avoided.
Another 'Taste of Lemonade'
Authors: Roger C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
81. Hippocampal Gene Knockdown of BACE1 by Lentiviral Gene Transfer of siRNA Reduces Amyloid Pathology and Improves Memory Performance in APP Transgenic Mice
Authors: Oded Singer, Robert A. Marr, Edward Rockenstein, Leslie Crow, Fred H. Gage, Inder M. Verma, Eliezer Masliah
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with increased |[beta]|-secretase (BACE1) activity that results in progressive accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) Cterminal fragments (CTFs) and amyloid-|[beta]| (A|[beta]|). Therefore, developing strategies to inactivate BACE1 might present an important approach toward the treatment of AD. To assess this possibility in vivo, APP transgenic mice that develop some aspects of AD neuropathology were treated with a lentiviral vector (LV) expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting BACE1. The LV-siBACE1 vector was expressed at high levels in HEK293T cells and reduced both BACE1 expression and production of A|[beta]|1-42 in vitro. Onemonth post intra-hippocampal delivery of the LV-siBACE1 vector in APP transgenic mice, levels of BACE1 expression were significantly reduced at the site of the injection. This was accompanied by reduced deposition of A|[beta]|, reduced intracellular CTFs and amelioration of the neurodegenerative alterations (dendritic / synaptic density) in the hippocampus as evaluated by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of LVsiBACE1 were associated with improved spatial learning and memory, tested by a Morris water maze. Our results suggest that lentiviral vector delivery of BACE1 siRNA can specifically reduce the cleavage rate of APP and neurodegeneration in vivo and indicates the potential therapeutic value of this approach for treating AD. We will discuss the possible outcome of long-term siRNA expression on the progression of AD in APP mice.
Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: a problem of limited smooth muscle relaxation with inspiration.
Authors: G Skloot, S Permutt, A Togias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We hypothesized that hyperresponsiveness in asthma is caused by an impairment in the ability of inspiration to stretch airway smooth muscle. If the hypothesis was correct, we reasoned that the sensitivity to inhaled methacholine in normal and asthmatic subjects should be the same if the challenge was carried out under conditions where deep inspirations were prohibited. 10 asthmatic and 10 normal subjects received increasing concentrations of inhaled methacholine under conditions where forced expirations from a normal end-tidal inspiration were performed. When no deep inspirations were allowed, the response to methacholine was similar in the normal and asthmatic subjects, compatible with the hypothesis we propose. Completely contrary to our expectations, however, was the marked responsivity to methacholine that remained in the normal subjects after deep breaths were initiated. 6 of the 10 normal subjects had > 20% reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) at doses of methacholine < 8 mg/ml, whereas there was < 15% reduction with 75 mg/ml during routine challenge. The ability of normal subjects to develop asthmatic responses when the modulating effects of increases in lung volume was voluntarily suppressed suggests that an intrinsic impairment of the ability of inspiration to stretch airway smooth muscle is a major feature of asthma.
INTESTINAL INFLUENZA AND B. SUIPESTIFER
Authors: Ernest W. Cowern
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —Apropos of the letter of Dr. C. J. Snitkay (The Journal, Dec. 19, 1925) in regard to intestinal influenza, in September, 1925, the London (England) School of Tropical Medicine examined the stools of certain persons suffering with the symptoms of so-called intestinal influenza, and isolated Bacillus suipestifer . These sick persons were former patients of mine. Several weeks before leaving America for England, en route for India, they had received the usual antityphoid inoculations.  At the time they left Minnesota we were having much intestinal influenza with a group of symptoms consisting (in a typical case) of fever, nausea, vomiting, gastric and intestinal pain, and diarrhea. The stools were offensive and contained much mucus and a varying amount of blood. Not all cases showed all the symptoms mentioned, but a sufficient number of them to warrant their classification under the same head.  The patients became sick on the
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte and monocyte chemoattractants produced by human fibroblasts.
Authors: J D Sobel, J I Gallin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The elaboration of leukocyte chemotactic factors by human fibroblasts was studied. 12 lines of normal fibroblasts obtained by skin biopsy and then cultured in vitro produced chemoattractants (assessed by modified Boyden-chamber techniques) for both peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes (obtained by Hypaque-Ficoll and dextran sedimentation). Chemotactic activity was not present performed in fibroblasts, and cycloheximide blocked its elaboration. The chemotactic activity of crude-culture supernate was heat stable (56 degrees C for 30 min), trypsin- and pronase-sensitive, and neuraminidase resistant. Characterization of the chemotactic activity by gel filtration (Sephadex G-75) showed two active fractions, one with mol wt greater than 100,000 and the other less than 10,000. In studies designed to relate these chemotactic factors to collagen, we have confirmed that type I collagen and alpha 1-chain; are chemotactically active for monocytes but not polymorphonuclear leukocytes. However, the chemotactic activity in fibroblast-culture media was media was distinct from collagen in that it attracted neutrophils, it was not precipitated by 25% ammonium sulfate, and it was resistant to collagenase treatment; ascorbic acid, in concentrations known to stimulate fibroblast collagen synthesis, had no effect on the elaboration of the chemotactic factors. Furthermore, amino acid analysis of Sephadex G-75 fractions with chemotactic activity failed to reveal amino acids such as hydroxyproline characteristic of collagen. In addition to the chemotactic factors secreted by fibroblasts, a heat-resistant factor (30 min at 56 degrees C) which generated the chemotactically active fragment of C5 (C5a) from human serum was also secreted. The elaboration of mediators of the inflammatory and immune responses by fibroblasts may initiate and(or) modulate local skin inflammatory reactions and play a protective role in vivo.
New Genetic Insights into Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mel B. Feany
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Although Parkinson's disease was once considered a purely sporadic disease, recent advances in molecular genetics have revealed important genetic influences underlying the development of the disorder. Eight defined genetic loci are now associated with highly penetrant autosomal dominant or recessive Parkinson's disease (see Table).1,2 Causative mutations have been identified in five genes, and the ensuing molecular insights have led to substantial advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and in experimental approaches to the study of the disorder.The first protein implicated in familial Parkinson's disease was α-synuclein, an abundant neuronal protein of unknown function. Although . . .
Prognosis for patients with CML and &gt;10% BCR-ABL1 after 3 months of imatinib depends on the rate of BCR-ABL1 decline
Authors: Susan Branford, David T. Yeung, Wendy T. Parker, Nicola D. Roberts, Leanne Purins, Jodi A. Braley, Haley K. Altamura, Alexandra L. Yeoman, Jasmina Georgievski, Bronte A. Jamison, Stuart Phillis, Zoe Donaldson, Mary Leong, Linda Fletcher, John F. Seymour, Andrew P. Grigg, David M. Ross, Timothy P. Hughes
Journal: Blood (2014)
Cancer of the Penis
Authors: R. F. Wagner, W. I. Cottel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1988)

After reading the article, however, I must express my disappointment.As someone with a practice in male sexual dysfunction at a tertiary level, I felt that the article is about five years behind the state of the art.No mention was made of the use of the pharmacologic treatment of erections, which hashelpedmany patients.Iwas also disappointed that dynamic infusion caver nosometry and cavernosography were not mentioned.Too much emphasis was also given to the separation of psychological and organic impotency.Male sexual dys function is now considered to be an inte grated problem caused by a combination of psychological and physical factors.The shortcomings of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) testing were also not mentioned.NPT should be replaced by dy namic infusion cavernosometry and caver nosography testing.The authors also indi cate that self-contained inflatable penile prostheses are easily manipulated, which is not always the case.Overall, my intent is not to be critical, but it is important to educate both our col leagues and the public about the causes and treatment of male sexual dysfunction.