tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diphtheroid Infections of Man
Authors: KENNETH KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The corynebacteria are a heterogenous group of organisms commonly present on the skin; in the pharynx, urethra, and vagina; and in soil and water as saprophytes. Their active role as pathogens in a variety of animals is well recognized. However, aside from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, they rarely cause disease in man. Nine patients with this type of infection have been studied over a period of 5 years. Four had bacteremia, two had wound infections, and one each had meningitis, osteomyelitis, and hepatitis. In eight instances diphtheroid invasion occurred in the presence of an unrelated disorder that tended to reduce the effectiveness of normal defense mechanisms. Experience suggests that possibility of diphtheroid infection by these species must be considered in any situation when there is evidence of pyogenic infection by pleomorphic gram-positive bacilli in the presence of impaired host defenses. Penicillin, cephalothin, or erythromycin appear to be the agents of choice for the treatment of this kind of disease, although some strains of the organism may be resistant to them. Other antibiotics are also effective and should be used if those mentioned above fail to produce cure. There is no good evidence that the use of combined chemotherapy offers a significant advantage over the administration of an active, single antimicrobial agent in most cases.
Characterization of a Novel Cytotoxic Cell‐penetrating Peptide Derived From p14ARF Protein
Authors: Henrik J Johansson, Samir El-Andaloussi, Tina Holm, Maarja Mäe, Jaak Jänes, Toivo Maimets, Ülo Langel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

The tumor suppressor p14ARF is widely deregulated in many types of cancers and is believed to function as a failsafe mechanism, inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis as cellular response to a high oncogene load. We have found that a 22-amino-acid-long peptide derived from the N-terminal part of p14ARF, denoted ARF(1-22), which has previously been shown to mimic the function of p14ARF, has cell-penetrating properties. This peptide is internalized to the same extent as the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) TP10 and dose-dependently decreases proliferation in MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cells. Uptake of the ARF(1-22) peptide is associated with low membrane disturbance, measured by deoxyglucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, as compared to its scrambled peptide. Also, flow cytometric analysis of annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) binding and Hoechst staining of nuclei suggest that ARF(1-22) induces apoptosis, whereas scrambled or inverted peptide sequences have no effect. The ARF(1-22) peptide mainly translocates cells through endocytosis, and is found intact inside cells for at least 3 hours. To our knowledge, this is the first time a CPP having pro-apoptopic activity has been designed from a protein.
Effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on vaginal bleeding in the puerperium.
Authors: H M Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1979)

This survey was undertaken to determine whether the menstrual irregularities (amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea) associated with administration of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) outweigh the convenience of giving DMPA for contraception to women requiring rubella vaccination in the puerperium.  60 patients who had puerperal rubella vaccination elected to have a single injection of 150 mg DMPA to ensure contraception for the following 2 months.  52 cases who returned menstrual pattern questionnaires were matched with 52 vaccinated patients who received no hormonal treatment.  The mean number of days of postpartum bleeding was 58.5 in treated and 20.8 in untreated patients (P < .001).  Patients still bleeding at 3 months (61%) were treated low-dose estrogen-progestagen pills and bleeding invariably stopped.  Only 1 patient was so treated before 3 months.  33 treated patients but only 2 controls had continuous bleeding for 3 months.  In no case was the loss heavy and no patients developed anemia.  6 patients had curettage.  None had retained placental tissue.  None of the 15 treated patients who had cyclical bleeding considered the loss heavy compared with 6 controls.  3 nonlactating patients in each group had amenorrhea.  Patients with continuous bleeding for the 3 months found it inconvenient and a source of worry and it usually made intercourse unacceptable.  Some patients may be prepared to tolerate the inconvenience as a price for safe acceptable contraception.
Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for Vascular Disease in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Massimo Boemi, Cristina Sirolla, Loredana Amadio, Paolo Fumelli, Daniel Pometta, Richard W James
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients as a function of apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The apo E phenotypes and plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apo levels were determined for 517 Italian diabetic patients. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (defined as ischemic heart disease [IHD] and/or peripheral vascular disease and/or cerebrovascular disease) was assessed as a function of apo E polymorphism at entry and after 4 years. RESULTS The occurrence of vascular disease did not differ significantly between diabetic patients in the various categories of apo E phenotype either at entry into the study or after 4 years. When expressed as a percentage of patients with disease, we observed—for E2, E3, and E4 carriers, respectively—at entry: IHD, 20.0% (n = 14), 21.0% (n = 79), and 21.5% (n = 14); and macroangiopathy, 24.3% (n = 17), 29.3% (n = 110), and 24.6% (n = 16). Apo E polymorphism did not make a significant contribution to multiple logistic regression models designed to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of vascular disease in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION Apo E polymorphism and, notably, the apo E4 allele cannot be universally considered as a particular risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.
The Family Connection
Authors: Alfred Muller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

On Being a Doctor15 August 1994The Family ConnectionAlfred Muller, MDAlfred Muller, MDChevy Chase, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail With each passing year in practice, time becomes more precious. So much to do, so little time. In the course of the busy day it is frustrating to receive a call from a concerned family member. The patient's explanation has not been adequate, and the loved one seeks further clarification, or reassurance. But the request to review the situation again (usually with a different family member from one already designated as “spokesman”) never comes at a convenient time. You'd like to oblige—and do—but, oh, couldn't this time be better spent with the patient?Whenever such frustration surfaces I think back ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chevy Chase, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 4Page: 301-302KeywordsForecastingHepatitisLiver function testsMalariaMemoryNursesPneumoniaResidencySurgeonsTyphus Issue Published: 15 August 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Targeting Heat Shock Proteins for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma: Generation of Myeloma-Specific CTLs Using Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Tumor-Derived gp96
Authors: Jianfei Qian, Siqing Wang, Jing Yang, Jin Xie, Pei Lin, Muta E. Freeman, Qing Yi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: To develop effective immunotherapies for patients with multiple myeloma, it is important to use novel tumor antigens. Recent studies in solid tumors show that tumor-derived heat shock proteins (Hsp) can be used as immunogen; however, no such study has yet been reported in multiple myeloma. Experimental Design: We examined whether myeloma-derived Hsp gp96 can be used as a myeloma antigen. Specific CTL lines were obtained after repeatedly stimulating T cells with autologous, HLA-A*0201+ dendritic cells pulsed with gp96 derived from HLA-A*0201+ human myeloma cell line (HMCL) U266 or primary myeloma cells. Results: These T cells lysed not only gp96-pulsed dendritic cells, U266, and other HLA-A*0201+ HMCLs IM-9 and XG1 but also effectively killed HLA-A*0201+ primary myeloma cells from patients. No killing was observed against unpulsed dendritic cells, dendritic cells pulsed with control gp96, HLA-A*0201− HMCLs, and primary myeloma cells, or HLA-A*0201+ nonmyeloma cells. Cytotoxicity was mainly MHC class I/HLA-A*0201 restricted, suggesting that the CTLs recognized gp96-chaperoned peptides on HLA-A*0201 that were derived from shared myeloma antigens and that myeloma cells naturally present these peptides in the context of their surface MHC molecules. Upon antigen stimulation, these T cells secreted IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, indicating that they belong to type 1 T-cell subsets. Conclusion: These results show that these T cells are potent CTLs that are able to effectively lyse myeloma cells but not normal blood cells and also suggest that Hsps from allogeneic tumor cells may be used as vaccines to immunize patients.
Abstract P3-07-09: Breast cancer susceptibility associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prognosis: GG genotype of a SNP rs3803662 (TOX3/TNRC9) associated with better survival
Authors: JW Lee, H-G Moon, W Han, D-Y Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Backgrounds: After completion of human genome project, some genetic variants are discovered and highlighted by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are considered to be the key variations leading to the various breast cancer susceptibility between each individuals. In 2011, our group has validated 5 SNPs as significant risk factor of breast cancer in Korean women for the first time. Recently, there has been some attempts to find clinical meaning of SNPs in each breast cancer patient. But it was not successful. Methods: Consecutive patients with histologically confirmed primary breast cancer subjected to operative procedures between 2002 and 2009 in Seoul National University Hospital were included for analysis. Patients diagnosed with noninvasive breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ) or stage IV breast cancer were excluded. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained and stored at the time of operation. The SNPs genotyped included rs2046210 (6q25.1), rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs889312 (MAP3K1), rs3803662 (TOX3/TNRC9), and rs4973768 (SLC4A7). SNP genotyping was carried out on an Applied Biosystems 7900HT realtime PCR system (Applied Biosystems). We made collaboration with the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) to improve the validity of the mortality data. Total of 3,209 patients were included for survival and recurrence analysis. Results: 492 (15.33%) patients had recurrence. And there were 277 (8.63%) mortalities overall. The median follow-up was for 85.59 month (±29.979). The GG genotype of SNP rs3803662 showed better survival than other AA, AG genotypes (Cumulative survival was 89% vs 84% at 120 months f/u). And it is validated at multivariate analysis (p = 0.024). Conclusion: This study showed strong association between a certain genotype of single SNP and survival of breast cancer patients for the first time. Further lab investigation including functional study or studies on other races should be performed to find a novel or alternative hidden pathways of cancer progression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-07-09.
Abstract 3019: Aberrant NF-κB and Notch pathways promote CD133+ cancer stem cells in human primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xinxin Quan, Nga Voong, Weiping Chen, Jamie Coupar, Steven Lee, David W. Petersen, Daniel C. Edelman, Paul S. Meltzer, Andrew Montemarano, Martin Braun, Jonathan Vogel, Carter Van Waes, Zhong Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation has been implicated in inducing tumorigenesis and drug resistance, however, the unique gene program and regulatory signaling that contribute to the CSC phenotypes in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (hcSCC) have not been defined. In this study, a newly improved cell sorting method was developed using a panel of multiple cell surface markers to isolate the small percentage of CD133+ cell population enriched for CSC in primary hcSCC specimens. These cells exhibited CSC features including enhanced spheroid formation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Distinct gene expression signatures of the CD133+ subset were profiled by comparing CD133+ CSC with CD133- cancer cells using microarray, which revealed that CD133+ cells expressed enriched stem cell and cancer-related gene programs. In the CD133+ subset, 80 differentially expressed stem cell genes were identified, with an additional set of 69 altered genes enriched in key regulatory pathways, including Notch, NF-κB, Wnt, EMT, and STAT signaling, using Gene Ontology (GO) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The expression patterns of combined signature genes of CSC and the key regulatory pathways were validated with Nanostring gene expression assay in independent tumor samples. Notch and NF-κB signaling emerged as important pathways. Inhibitors or siRNA knockdown of Notch1/2 and IKKα inhibited NF-κB activity and altered CSC phenotypes, including percentage of CD133+ cells, colony and spheroid formation. Elevated NF-κB signaling was observed in CSCs in the tumor tissues, where immunofluorescent staining showed co-localization of CD133+ and molecules of NF-κB pathway in SCC tumor specimens. Our data support the importance of aberrant NF-κB and Notch signaling in promoting CSC gene program and biologic functions, which could represent predictive diagnostic and prognostic parameters and potential targets for skin cancer prevention and treatment. Supported by NIDCD intramural projects ZIA-DC-000016, 73 and 74. Citation Format: Xinxin Quan, Nga Voong, Weiping Chen, Jamie Coupar, Steven Lee, David W. Petersen, Daniel C. Edelman, Paul S. Meltzer, Andrew Montemarano, Martin Braun, Jonathan Vogel, Carter Van Waes, Zhong Chen. Aberrant NF-κB and Notch pathways promote CD133+ cancer stem cells in human primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3019. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3019
BENIGN TUMORS OF THE BILIARY TRACT
Authors: S. W. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Benign tumors of the biliary passages are rare and are seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. The number of recorded cases is increasing, and it is apparent from the case histories that failure to discover the tumor may result in disaster. Recently, at the New York Hospital, we have had opportunity to observe and to operate on a patient with obstructive jaundice caused by a large papilloma arising in the left hepatic duct and obstructing the common bile duct. This case stimulated us to review the literature and is the subject of this report. Benign intrahepatic tumors, apparently originating from the smaller biliary radicals, are commoner than lesions of the main biliary passages. According to Ewing,<sup>1</sup>cysts may arise within cirrhotic livers from obstruction of the ducts and are usually multiple and small. Not infrequently, congenital cysts of the liver are associated with polycystic disease of
cAMP Signaling by Anthrax Edema Toxin Induces Transendothelial Cell Tunnels, which Are Resealed by MIM via Arp2/3-Driven Actin Polymerization
Authors: Madhavi P. Maddugoda, Caroline Stefani, David Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Juha Saarikangas, Stéphanie Torrino, Sebastien Janel, Patrick Munro, Anne Doye, François Prodon, Michel Aurrand-Lions, Pierre L. Goossens, Frank Lafont, Patricia Bassereau, Pekka Lappalainen, Françoise Brochard, Emmanuel Lemichez
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Erythromelalgia induced by nicardipine.
Authors: J. P. Drenth
Journal: BMJ (1989)

common in those receiving propranolol compared with placebo and diuretics (table ).Incidence of transmural infarction shown on electro- cardiography (Minnesota code 11.3) with a diuretic, 1i blocker, and placebo from MRC mild hypertension study.6 Results are rates/JOO0 person years Bendrofluazide Propranolol Placebo Myocardial infarction 22-7*t 16.8* 19 8 *Significantly different from placebo, p<O05.tSignificantly different from propranolol, p<OOOl.Thus there is evidence for primary prevention of myocardial infarction with 13 blockers (though this is less pronounced than in stroke), and doctors should not be in too much of a hurry to prescribe the latest "flavour of the week" based on the results of blood biochemistry.
When I use a word...: Wool gathering
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

We have all seen demented patients plucking at the bedclothes. This action has a name, two names actually: carphology and floccillation.

Carphology is Greek: καρφoι(karphoi) is bits of twig, straw, or wool, such as birds collect to build a nest, and λ∊γω (lego) means “I gather” (so carphology is not a proper ology ( BMJ 1997;314:28). Floccillation means much …
INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CARE OF THE HOSPITAL PATIENT
Authors: HUGH AUCHINCLOSS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Responsibility means the state of being responsible. Our dictionaries define being responsible as: (1) being answerable legally or morally for discharge of a duty, trust or debt; (2) being able to meet obligations, or (3) having a perception of the distinctions between right and wrong.  You may profitably discuss some of the myriad ways care of hospital patients demands responsibility. With your leave, I shall not. We all know they exist and that they have to be met by group or individual. Whether they can be best dealt with by the individual or by the group is our concern.  The precise meaning of our subject is susceptible of varied interpretation, according to the experiences of doctors in their several communities. My discussion must be confined to principles seemingly pertinent, gained in limited personal experience.  A hospital patient first encounters the admitting mechanism. In a sense, this is a group. If
Paper's conclusions will only cause confusion
Authors: S. S. Jameson, P. Baker, D. Deehan, M. Reed, J. Mason
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Abstract Objective: To develop and validate a risk prediction equation to predict absolute risk of prostate cancer in asymptomatic men with prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests in primary care. Design: Open cohort study. Setting: Routine data from 1098 QResearch® English general practices linked to mortality, hospital and cancer records for model development. Two separate sets of practices for validation. Participants 844,455 men aged 25-84 years with prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests recorded and free of prostate cancer at baseline in the derivation cohort; 292,084 and 316,583 in each validation cohort. Exposures Risk factors assessed at baseline: PSA, age, ethnicity, deprivation, BMI, smoking, family history of prostate cancer, diabetes, mental illness. Main outcomes: Primary outcome was incident prostate cancer. Secondary outcomes were prostate cancer mortality and high-grade cancer. Cox proportional hazards models used to derive 10-year risk equations. Measures of performance were determined in both validation cohorts. Results: 40,821 incident cases of prostate cancer in the derivation cohort. The risk equation included PSA level, age, deprivation, ethnicity, smoking, family history of prostate cancer, serious mental illness, diabetes and BMI. The risk equation explained 70.4% (95%CI 69.2 to 71.6) of the variation in time to diagnosis of prostate cancer (R2); D statistic = 3.15 (95%CI 3.06 to 3.25); Harrell’s C = 0.917 (95%CI 0.915 to 0.919). Conclusion and relevance: The equation provides valid measures of absolute risk and had higher sensitivity both for incident prostate cancer, high grade cancers and prostate cancer mortality, than a simple approach based on age and PSA threshold.
Blood Pressure, Risk of Ischemic Cerebrovascular and Ischemic Heart Disease, and Longevity in α <sub>1</sub> -Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Morten Dahl, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Henrik Sillesen, Gorm Jensen, Rolf Steffensen, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Because elastase in alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency may attack elastin in the arterial wall, we tested whether alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency is associated with reduced blood pressure, risk of ischemic cerebrovascular (ICVD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), and longevity.We genotyped 7963 control subjects from the adult general population of Denmark, 1131 Danish patients with ICVD, and 2221 Danish patients with IHD. Compared with MM/MS individuals, systolic blood pressure was lower by 15 mm Hg in ZZ homozygotes (n=6, P=0.03) and 9 mm Hg in MZ heterozygotes with IHD (n=39, P=0.02). Odds ratios for ICVD and IHD in MZ versus MM/MS individuals were 0.70 (0.51 to 0.96) and 0.77 (0.61 to 0.98). Finally, mean ages of MZ and MM/MS control subjects were 58 and 56 years (Mann-Whitney: P=0.008), and relative alpha(1)-antitrypsin MZ genotype frequencies increased from 20 to 93 years among control subjects (chi(2), P=0.002).ZZ alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency and MZ intermediate deficiency in the context of IHD are associated with reduced blood pressure, and MZ is associated with reduced risk of ICVD and IHD. Because MZ heterozygosity was associated with increased age, MZ heterozygosity could be a beneficial condition.
Hormone Replacement Therapy for Prevention
Authors: Diana B. Petitti
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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Identification of Intestinal Gallium Collection by Imaging the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Using 99mTc Given Orally
Authors: STEPHEN H. LADWIG, HEINZ W. WAHNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

The use of gallium imaging in the diagnosis of intraabdominal abscess has resulted in false-positive scans from the accumulation of gallium in the gastrointestinal tract. This is particularly true in patients with a blind loop or bowel obstruction. Orally administered 99mTc can be useful in reducing the number of falsepositive scans and may confirm the intraluminal accumulation of gallium in these cases. A case study is presented which illustrates the efficacy of orally administered 99mTc for this purpose.