tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Late Results of Gold Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: N. Egelius, N. G. Havermark, G. Nystrom
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1952)

Gold treatment has always been a matter of debate; this is partly owing to the difficulties in judging the results, and partly owing to toxic secondary effects.The tendency of rheumatoid arthritis to spontaneous remissions and progressions has not been sufficiently taken into account.In addition, the various case histories are not comparable, since they fail to give elementary information concerning the age-distribution, sex, duration of history, etc.Several authors define the terms "healed, improved, unchanged, and deteriorated " more or less subjectively.Steinbrocker and Blazer (1946) proposed giving points according to the clinical findings to obtain a more objective conception of the effect of this therapy.Generally, most of the published material lacks control groups for the comparison of gold treatment on the one hand, and, e.g., physical treatment only, on the other.Most authors give only the primary results of treatment, the number of improved cases varying between 50 and 95 per cent.Such a high percentage of improved cases as 95 per cent.is, apparently, due to the inclusion of the mild cases with uncer- tain diagnosis.As to the late results of this therapy, the figures are much less encouraging.Thus, Ragan and Tyson (1946) showed that in a series of 142 patients, 75 per cent.relapsed in the course of 3 years.Kling, Vento, and Sashin (1949) found that 17 per cent.relapsed in a series of 455 patients after one year, 57 per cent.after 5 years, and 75 per cent.after 10 years.As stated above, most of the reports lack control groups.Nevertheless, some investigations deal with such groups.Ellman, Lawrence, and Thorold (1940) and Fraser (1945) found that after one year of observation the cases treated with gold showed better results than those not so treated.Secher (1946), after a control examination held 5 to 13 years later on 231 cases of rheumatoid arthritis treated with sanocrysin, showed that 60 to 70 per cent.had improved.Snorrason (1950), partly on the same number of cases, demonstrated an improvement in 80 per cent.after 4 years' follow-up.In a control group given only physical therapy, he obtained only a 50 per cent.improvement.Short, Beckman, and Bauer (1946) declared gold treatment to be of no definite value, but their experience of it was limited to 47 patients.Waine, Baker, and Mettier (1947) published a control examination of 120 patients, 62 of whom had been treated physically and 58 with gold, with doses exceeding 0 5 g. per patient.The cases were followed up for an average of 2-9 years and the percentage of those free from symptoms, or markedly
Evidence for Independent Heritability of the Glycation Gap (Glycosylation Gap) Fraction of HbA1c in Nondiabetic Twins
Authors: Robert M. Cohen, Harold Snieder, Christopher J. Lindsell, Huriya Beyan, Mohammed I. Hawa, Stuart Blinko, Raymond Edwards, R. David G. Leslie
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We appreciate Dr. Nuttall (1) drawing our attention back to the considerations raised by his previous work (2). In essence, the suggestion is that one of the sources of variability in A1C, when determined by a charge-based methodology like anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromotography, is that there are other modifications or variants to hemoglobin that could cause the same alterations in charge as glycation and that these are more common than is generally recognized. This leads to the question whether such alterations could explain the finding of heritability …
Catheter Complications Associated With Implantable Systems for Peritoneal Insulin Delivery: An analysis of frequency, predisposing factors, and obstructing materials
Authors: Eric Renard, Pierre Baldet, Marie-Christine Picot, Dominique Jacques-Apostol, Dominique Lauton, Guy Costalat, Jacques Bringer, Claude Jaffiol
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate catheter survival and identify mechanisms involved in catheter obstructions during a 109.8 patient-year experience with implanted pumps for peritoneal insulin delivery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty-one type I diabetic patients were recruited in feasibility studies of two models of implanted systems for peritoneal insulin delivery. Both systems had a silicone–coated polyethylene catheter and infused Hoechst 21 PH neutral insulin (U400 or U100). Catheter obstruction was suspected each time the increase of insulin flow rate over 50% of usual need was insufficient to correct an impairment of glycemie control in the absence of intercurrent factors. A laparoscopie examination was then systematically performed under general anesthesia. The disclosed material occluding the catheter was submitted to a pathological analysis. By actuarial analysis, we examined the estimated effects of the potential determinants of the catheters' durations of proper operation on catheter survival. RESULTS Over an implantation duration of 25.8 ± 14.0 months (mean ± SD), 34 catheter obstructions were diagnosed in 24 patients, resulting in an incidence of 31 events per 100 patient–years. Fifty percent survival rate of the first implanted catheter was 27 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19–32) on actuarial analysis. Six catheters were cleared under laparos–copy and 24 were replaced, while 2 systems were definitively explan ted and 2 combined replacements of pump and catheter were performed because of an associated pump slowdown. In five cases, an alkaline rinse procedure of the pump was necessary after catheter replacement to restore usual insulin needs, suggesting an associated insulin aggregation in the pump. Twenty obstructions were due to a fibrin clot at the catheter tip, and 14 obstructions were created by a tissue encapsulation around the catheter. A previous experience of peritoneal insulin infusion from portable pumps or a longer duration of diabetes (&amp;gt;21 years) both appeared as conditions significantly reducing the time of a catheter's proper operation (P &amp;lt; 0.01 and P &amp;lt; 0.05, respectively) either by tip obstructions or by encapsulations. Pathological analysis of catheter encapsulations showed a collagen fibrosis in all studied patients (n = 11), which was associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate in five patients and also with anti-insulin immunoreactive amyloid deposits in four patients. Catheter tip clots were composed of fibrinlike material, nonreactive to anti-insulin antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Catheter obstruction is a frequent adverse technical event occurring with implanted insulin pumps. Progress is expected in the biocompatibility of catheter material
The Subsequent History of Eighteen Patients upon whom Gastric Operations had been Performed
Authors: C. M. Moullin
Journal: BMJ (1904)

gentlemen have been indignant at hearing the patient has been operated upon for symptoms which they considered perfectly curable by the ordinary medicinal measures.Operation is, of course, the only means of cure.It is not absolutely necessary in all cases, as a patient may, by careful attention to diet, doubtlessly live for years, and eventually die-as they did in some of Maier's recorded cases-of diseases quite unconnected with the stomach trouble.ln nearly every case, however, it must be more or less an invalid existence.Of tlie three operations which may be performed-pyloro- plasty, pylorodiosis, and gastro-jejunostomy-I have little hesitation in saying that the last is the proper one to adopt.It was succeasfully employed in my 7 cases.Relief may be more or less immediate, but often it takes months to effect a cure.Where the stomach has been deranged for years careful treatment mupt be carried out for some time after the opera- tion.So important and so frequently executed in this operation, thal I should like just to add a few remarks with regard to it.What is frequently and quite properly asked is-"You may perform your operation quite successfully and relieve the symptons, but what about the new relationships established?Are they of themselves ever likely to cause trouble?"I say that it is quite a proper question to ask because, unless.we can honestly feel that the artificial and unnatural connexions we are establishing can, of tlhemselves, in no way interfere with the future weltare of our patients, we ought probably to limit our practice to cases of necessity and not employ it where the question is one merely of e'pediency.It would take far too much time to discuss the many points in connexion with the performance of this operation; but after trying many methods and variations in detail, all aimed at procuring the most perfect, immediate and remote ends, I regard the following as the best.It is based solely on the attempt to leave the parts after operation as much as possible in their normal anatomical relation.An oblique incision is made through the skin commen- cing about i in.below the right costal margin and i in. to the right of the middle line, and extending for from 3 to 4 in.across the middle line downwards and outwards at a distance of about I in.from the left costal margin (see .Fig. .2).By this incision the right rectus is divided for about FVig'.2.-PO 3ition of the p?arts after the performance of posterior gastro- jejunostoy a, Skin incision.b, Orifice of bimucous fistula, with.,
Clinical Lecture on Pleurisy with Effusion in Children; Displacement of the Heart; Empyema 'Necessitatis'; Superficial Tumour; Recovery
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1869)

air, in the pleura, is a common cause of considerable displacement of the liver.Then, also, as a common cause, we have a dilated heart; and, less common, fluid in the pericardium.Tumours of various kinds between the liver and the diaphragm, in the substance of the diaphragm, and between the diaphragm and the lung, are still less common causes of displacement downwards of the liver.
Reproductive Potential of Patients Treated by Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: M. Elstein, E. K. M. Smith, J. R. Curtis
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Three of the wives of 25 men undergoing maintenance haemodialysis for terminal renal failure became pregnant. This suggests that fertility is not necessarily impaired in these patients and that contraceptive methods should be used by women patients at risk.
In vivo lability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in GdA- and Gdmediterranean deficiency
Authors: Sergio Piomelli, Laurence M. Corash, Deatra D. Davenport, Janet Miraglia, Edward L. Amorosi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A decreased level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase might result from decreased rate of synthesis, synthesis of an enzyme of lower catalytic efficiency, increased lability, or a combined mechanism. To test the hypothesis of increased lability, the rate of decline of the enzyme in vivo was measured in three groups of individuals, controls, Gd(-),A-males, and Gd(-), Mediterranean males, by the slope of decline of activity in fractions containing erythrocytes of progressively increasing mean age. These fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation on a discontinuous density gradient of erythrocyte suspensions free of contaminating platelets and leukocytes. The rate of in vivo decline of pyruvate kinase (another age-dependent enzyme) was also measured and found very similar in the three groups. The in vivo decline of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was found to follow an exponential rate, with a half-life of 62 days for controls and 13 days for Gd(-),A- erythrocytes. The activity in normal reticulocytes was estimated at 9.7 U and in Gd(-),A- reticulocytes at 8.8 U. These estimates were confirmed by direct measurements in reticulocytes isolated from patients with extreme reticulocytosis. In Gd(-),Mediterranean erythrocytes activity could be demonstrated only in reticulocytes, which were estimated to average 1.4 U. The rate of decline is so extreme that no activity could be detected in mature erythrocytes. These data suggest that the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of both the Gd(A-) and the GdMediterranean variant results from different degrees of in vivo instability of the abnormal enzyme.
An evaluation of antibodies and clinical resistance to salmon calcitonin
Authors: Frederick R. Singer, J. Phillip Aldred, Robert M. Neer, Stephen M. Krane, John T. Potts, Kurt J. Bloch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

21 patients with Paget's disease of bone and one with osteoporosis were studied to detect development of antibodies to salmon calcitonin during chronic therapy. Antibody titers ranged from 1:40 to 1:30,000 in plasma obtained after treatment of 11 patients. Radio-immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the antibodies were restricted to the γG class. One patient, W. O., with Paget's disease initially responded to treatment with a decrease in bone turnover, but later became resistant to the hormone in association with the appearance of a very high titer (1:30,000) of antibody against salmon calcitonin. A 1:10 dilution of his plasma was shown to completely inactivate 20 mMRC units/ml of salmon calcitonin as detected by bioassay in rats; slight inactivation was detected at a 1:200 dilution. All other patients continued to respond to salmon calcitonin despite the development of antibody to the hormone in ten cases. No evidence of systemic allergic reactions or other toxicity was found in any patient. The data suggest that although antibody formation may occur in as many as 50% of patients treated with salmon calcitonin, this antibody response is unlikely to be of clinical significance in most patients. However, in an occasional patient, a marked antibody response may occur which interferes with the therapeutic use of the hormone.
The Role of RNA Editing of Kainate Receptors in Synaptic Plasticity and Seizures
Authors: B. Vissel, G.A. Royle, B.R. Christie, H.H. Schiffer, A. Ghetti, T. Tritto, I. Perez-Otano, R.A. Radcliffe, J. Seamans, T. Sejnowski, J.M. Wehner, A.C. Collins, S. O'Gorman, S.F. Heinemann
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Evidence for a domain-specific deficit in developmental dyslexia
Authors: Franck Ramus
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Thomas &amp; Karmiloff-Smith (T&amp;K-S) claim that “Residual Normality” is a priori unlikely, that is, that specific cognitive deficits should not exist in developmental disorders. Here I review evidence that a specific cognitive deficit is at the core of developmental dyslexia and I provide a possible neurological account thereof.
Differential gene expression in the human ciliary epithelium
Authors: Miguel Coca-Prados, Julio Escribano, Javier Ortego
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (1999)

The generation of expression and subtractive libraries from the ocular ciliary body and cultured ciliary epithelial cells has been instrumental in the cloning, identification and characterization of many genes which, overall reflect a representative profile of transcripts expressed in ciliary nonpigmented, ciliary pigmented and ciliary muscle cells. The cell-specific expression of some of these genes (i.e. a neurotrophic factor, a gene associated with juvenile open glaucoma, and a visual component) reveal a degree of cell differentiation with a diversity of functions and properties higher than previously thought. The protection from light-induced oxidative reactions, free radicals and detoxification, may be partially attributed to the high level of expression in the ciliary epithelium of antioxidative enzymes (i.e., glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidases, selenoprotein-P). The expression of genes encoding plasma proteins (i.e., complement component C4, alpha2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein D) is in contrast with the view that plasma proteins in aqueous humor are synthesized outside the eye (i.e., liver). The identification of neuropeptide-processing enzymes (i.e., prohormone convertases, carboxypeptidase E, peptidyl-glycine-alpha-amidating monoxigenase), neuropeptides (i.e., secretogranin II, neurotensin) and regulatory peptides (i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide and angiotensinogen) with hypertensive and hypotensive activities provide the molecular basis to support the view that the ciliary epithelium is a neuroepithelium with neuroendocrine functions. We propose a working model to demonstrate that aqueous humor and intraocular pressure are under neuroendocrine control through regulatory peptides synthesized and released by the ciliary epithelium and targeting the peptide producing cells at the inflow system by an autocrine mechanism and/or cells at the outflow system (i.e., trabecular meshwork cells) by a paracrine mechanism. Finally, we hypothesize that these mechanisms could be entrained in the light-dark cycle following the circadian rhythm of aqueous humor and intraocular pressure.
CASE OF SEVERE BELLADONNA POISONING
Authors: G. R. Livingstone
Journal: BMJ (1903)

BELLADONNA POISONING.12 b l," J 4£ be found, and that was in the pericardium.After saying that no history of syphilis or alooholism had been obtained, and that the changes super- added to the lymphadenoma did not correspond with either accurately, he concludes that "'without doubt some other change, such as that which may result from syphilis and alcoholism, must be added to lymphadenoma to explain these pathological changes satisfactorily."
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CARRLAGE OF CANDIDA ALBIANS IN MAN
Authors: A. J. E. Barlow, F. W. Chattaway
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article OBSERVATIONS ON THE CARRLAGE OF CANDIDA ALBIANS IN MAN Get access A. J. E. BARLOW, A. J. E. BARLOW Department of Dermatology Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield (Dr. Bra$$) and Department of Biochemistry. University of Leeds (Dr. Cha$$ray) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. W. CHATTAWAY F. W. CHATTAWAY Department of Dermatology Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield (Dr. Bra$$) and Department of Biochemistry. University of Leeds (Dr. Cha$$ray) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 2, 1 February 1969, Pages 103–106, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15988.x Published: 01 February 1969 Article history Accepted: 14 July 1968 Published: 01 February 1969
Ten-year incidence of myocardial infarction and prognosis after infarction. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.
Authors: P Peduzzi, K Detre, M L Murphy, J Thomsen, H Hultgren, T Takaro
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The 10-year incidence of myocardial infarction (fatal and nonfatal) and the prognosis after infarction were evaluated in 686 patients with stable angina who were randomly assigned to medical or surgical treatment in the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial infarction was defined by either new Q wave findings or clinical symptoms compatible with myocardial infarction accompanied by serum enzyme elevations with or without electrocardiographic findings. Treatment comparisons were made according to original treatment assignment; 35% of the medical cohort had bypass surgery during the 10-year follow-up period. The overall cumulative infarction rate was somewhat higher in patients assigned to surgery (36%) than in medical patients (31%) (p = 0.13) due to perioperative infarctions (13%) and an accelerated infarction rate after the fifth year of follow-up (average, 2.4%/yr in the surgical group versus 1.4%/yr in the medical group). The 10-year cumulative incidence of death or myocardial infarction was also higher in surgical (54%) than in medical (49%) patients (p = 0.20). According to the Cox model, the estimated risk of death after infarction was 59% lower in surgical than in medical patients (p less than 0.0001). The reduction in postinfarction mortality with surgery was most striking in the first month after the event: 99% in the first month (p less than 0.0001) and 49% subsequently (p less than 0.0001). The estimated risk of death in the absence of infarction was nearly identical regardless of treatment (p = 0.75). Exclusion of perioperative infarctions did not alter the findings. CONCLUSIONS Although surgery does not reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction overall, it does reduce the risk of mortality after infarction, particularly in the first 30 days after the event (fatal infarctions).
Gold induced enterocolitis.
Authors: C W Jackson, N Y Haboubi, P J Whorwell, P F Schofield
Journal: Gut (1986)

A case of gold associated enterocolitis is described. A review of all 27 previously reported cases revealed that the syndrome induced has common characteristics. The reaction occurs within three months of instituting gold therapy, is characterised by profuse diarrhoea and vomiting with abdominal pain, fever, and sometimes eosinophilia. Petechial changes are prominent on endoscopy and the endoscopic and histological features of the gut lesion do not resemble inflammatory bowel disease. The overall mortality is 26% but has decreased in recent years. There is no specific therapy but in severe cases diversional surgery may be justified.
Type IIIb glycogen storage disease associated with end-stage cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: E B Haagsma, G P Smit, K E Niezen-Koning, A S Gouw, L Meerman, M J Slooff
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Type III glycogen storage disease (GSD) is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a deficiency of debranching enzyme. Different subtypes with different clinical pictures have been recognized. During childhood and early adulthood, the symptoms generally regress, and normal adulthood appears possible in most patients without symptoms or signs of cirrhosis. We report on an adult patient with GSD who developed endstage cirrhosis and a small hepatocellular carcinoma. She had GSD subtype IIIb, i.e., there were no signs of cardiomyopathy, myopathy, or neuropathy. She underwent a successful transplantation, representing the first case treated this way for this indication to our knowledge, and she is doing well after 1 year. Debranching enzyme activity was absent both in the liver and in the leukocytes before transplantation. The debranching enzyme activity remained absent in the leukocytes after transplantation. We conclude that patients with GSD type III may develop end-stage cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and therefore need hepatological follow-up during adulthood.
Toxoplasmosis: the Time Has Come
Authors: Robert McCabe, Jack S. Remington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Toxoplasmosis is a serious disease in persons with the congenital infection and in immunocompromised patients. The tragedy of toxoplasmosis as a cause of blindness or near-blindness or of psychomotor or mental retardation in children and the fact that it can be prevented have never concerned the medical community in the United States as much as in Europe. Almost 15 years ago Desmonts and Couvreur of Paris defined in the Journal the risk and range of severity of congenital toxoplasmosis, the value of systematic screening and patient education, and the value of treatment of the mother during pregnancy to prevent transmission . . .
Letter: Acute cardiomyopathy with rhabdomyolysis in chronic alcoholism.
Authors: P Lynch
Journal: BMJ (1976)

LT)) C.7&C doe, Z sa nc,i ]122D/m4Z- graduate qualifications as the equal of similar British qualifications.The reason usually given is that holders of overseas postgraduate qualifications are not up to the same stand- ard when they come to work here as British postgraduates.The same is perhaps