tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unusual Presentation of Nasal Foreign Bodies in Children
Authors: Harvey P. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

NASAL foreign bodies have been of interest to otolaryngologists, dentists, and pediatricians for many years. There is little doubt about the diagnosis when the classic clinical picture of a unilateral, purulent, fetid rhinorrhea is present; however, the diagnosis is still being missed by physicians.<sup>1</sup>In the atypical case, however, the literature does not mention, to our knowledge, the extremes to which the malodorous component of the symptom complex can serve to confound the clinician and plague the patient by overpowering other complaints. We have recently seen three such cases in which the chief parental complaint was of their child's bad body odor. Since, to our knowledge, this symptom has not been heretofore associated with nasal foreign bodies, it is our purpose to call attention to this potentially helpful diagnostic clue. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> At age 4 1/2 years, a boy had a one-year history of "strong and
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Authors: Fumito Ichinose, Roman Ullrich, Adam Sapirstein, Rosemary C. Jones, Joseph V. Bonventre, Charles N. Serhan, Kenneth D. Bloch, Warren M. Zapol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) releases arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipids in cell membranes. To assess the role of cPLA2 in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), we measured the increase in left lung pulmonary vascular resistance (LPVR) before and during hypoxia produced by left main stem bronchus occlusion (LMBO) in mice with and without a targeted deletion of the PLA2g4a gene that encodes cPLA2α. LMBO increased LPVR in cPLA2α+/+ mice but not in cPLA2α–/– mice. cPLA2α+/+ mice were better able to maintain systemic oxygenation during LMBO than were cPLA2α–/– mice. Administration of a cPLA2 inhibitor, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone, blocked the LMBO-induced increase in LPVR in wild-type mice, while exogenous AA restored HPV in cPLA2α–/– mice. Intravenous angiotensin II infusion increased PVR similarly in cPLA2α+/+ and cPLA2α–/– mice. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase or nitric oxide synthase restored HPV in cPLA2α–/– mice. Breathing 10% oxygen for 3 weeks produced less right ventricular hypertrophy in cPLA2α–/– than in cPLA2α+/+ mice, but restored HPV in cPLA2α–/– mice despite the continued absence of cPLA2 activity. These results indicate that cPLA2 contributes to the murine pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia. Augmenting pulmonary vascular tone restores HPV in the absence of cPLA2 activity.
THE MICROSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF THE DYSENTERIES AT THEIR ONSET
Authors: FRANK G. HAUGHWOUT
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In the course of a recent conversation with a clinical practitioner from the United States, concerning some of the problems arising in the practical management of dysentery, I was amazed to hear from him the statement, which he attributed to a prominent serologist, that treatment of bacillary dysentery with serum was impracticable because it could not be administered sufficiently early in the attack to be really effective. The reasons for this, he said, were attributed to the impossibility of making an accurate diagnosis under from forty-eight to seventy-two hours by bacteriologic methods, and the rather low proportion of cases that yielded a growth of Bacillus dysenteriae even under favorable conditions. I informed him that in Manila we not only are able to make a correct diagnosis of the condition within two or three hours of the onset, but that our administration of serum is attended by exceedingly satisfactory clinical results.
Two Coincident Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Esophagus in a Patient With Achalasia
Authors: Dominik Bettenworth, Stefan Reuter, Martin Fuchs, Uta Schnöckel, Johannes Wessling, Wolfram Domschke, Matthias Weckesser, Dirk Domagk
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We report the case of a 40-year-old man with a history of achalasia and acute gastrointestinal bleeding caused by an ulcer of the distal esophagus. Due to massive food stasis and esophagitis, several esophago-gastro-duodenoscopies and endoscopic ultrasound examinations were performed until the diagnosis of 2 coincident carcinomas of the esophagus (upper and lower third) could be demonstrated. In contrast, F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan was readily able to detect both carcinomas. Thus, in patients with achalasia and complex endoscopic conditions, the F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography might serve as a reliable tool for diagnostics and staging of suspected malignancy.
The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, vol 4: Calcification and Physiology
Authors: R. R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The latest volume in this excellent series fulfills a stated desire of the editor to produce a relatively complete treatise on bone. Although not originally planned, volume 4 became an obvious necessity to cover several important topics omitted from preceding issues. For the most part, the authors of each chapter write with a clarity that reflects their expertise and understanding of the subject. Superbly reproduced photographs and diagrams and an extensive bibliography greatly enhance each section. The initial chapter summarizes the vast and rapidly accumulating data on mineralization and gives reason to believe that in the not-too-distant future, we may finally learn what makes a matrix mineralize. A lucid discussion of pyrophosphate and diphosphonates delineates their role in this puzzle in both health and disease. Their use in certain clinical syndromes has been promising. Perhaps one of the most intriguing narratives in recent months has been that of matrix vesicles.
Acute Gouty Arthritis
Authors: Micha Abeles
Journal: JAMA (1977)

MONOSODIUM urate crystals in synovial fluid aspirated from a person with an attack of acute arthritis is the sine qua non for diagnosis of gout.<sup>1</sup>However, in an occasional patient with acute gout, urate crystals cannot be found in fluid from the aspirated joint.<sup>2</sup>A case of gout was found in a man with two nonadjacent sites of acute arthritis, one yielding synovial fluid with urate crystals, the other without urate crystals. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 31-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room of the University of Connecticut Health Center with complaints of pain and swelling of three days' duration in the right ankle and knee. History included a similar episode of pain and swelling in his right ankle and knee 1 1/2 years before this admission. At that time, he was told he had "arthritis or gout." Diagnostic studies were not performed, nor was aspiration
Nortriptyline may help in smoking cessation
Authors: H E Davies
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Prochazka AV, Kick S, Steinbrunn C, et al . A randomized trial of nortriptyline combined with transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2229–33 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] This double blind, randomised, controlled trial compared smoking cessation rates of nortriptyline with placebo in addition to transdermal nicotine and a behavioural smoking cessation programme. 158 subjects aged 18–65 years were enrolled, all of whom smoked 10 or more cigarettes daily. Nortriptyline (25 mg/day, titrated up to 75 mg/day as tolerated) or matched … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DArch%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.issn%253D0003-9926%26rft.aulast%253DProchazka%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%2BV.%26rft.volume%253D164%26rft.issue%253D20%26rft.spage%253D2229%26rft.epage%253D2233%26rft.atitle%253DA%2BRandomized%2BTrial%2Bof%2BNortriptyline%2BCombined%2BWith%2BTransdermal%2BNicotine%2Bfor%2BSmoking%2BCessation%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Farchinte.164.20.2229%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15534159%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/archinte.164.20.2229&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15534159&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F3%2F253.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000224965600007&link_type=ISI
Fully informed consent can be needlessly cruel.
Authors: J S Tobias, R L Souhami
Journal: BMJ (1993)

levels in the metabolic derangement of diabetes. N Engl J Med 1984;310: 810-5. 19 Hyer SL, Sharp PS, Brooks RA, Burrin JM5 Kohner EM. Serum IGF-1 concentration in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Med 1988;5:356-60. 20 Sharp PS, Fall?n TJ, Brazier OJ, Sandier L, Joplin GF, Kohner EM. Long term follow up of patients who underwent yttrium-90 pituitary implantation for treatment of proliferative retinopathy. Diabetologia 1987;33:199-207. 21 Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Preliminary report on effects of photocoagulation therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 1976;81:383-97. 22 Sullivan PM, Caldwell G, Alexandra N, Kohner EM. Long term outcome after photocoagulation for preproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Med 1990;7:788-94. 23 Davies EG, Petty RG, Kohner EM. Long term effectiveness of photocoagula tion for diabetic retinopathy. Eye 1989;3:764-7. 24 British Multicentre Study Group. Photocoagulation for diabetic maculopathy: a randomised controlled clinical trial using the xenon arc. Diabetes 1983;32:1010-6. 25 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular disease: report I. Arch Ophthalmol Vis Sei 1985;103:1798-806. 26 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular oedema: report IV. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1987:27:265-72. 27 Job D, Eschwege E, Guyot-Argenton C, Anbrey JA, Tchobrutsky G. Effect of multiple daily insulin injections on the course of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 1976;25:463-9. 28 Kroc Collaborative Study Group. Blood glucose control and the evolution of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria. NEnglJMed 1984;311:365-72. 29 Brinchmann-Hansen O, Dahl-Jorgensen K, Hanssen KF, Sanduik L. The response of diabetic retinopathy to 41 months of multiple insulin injections, insulin pumps and conventional insulin* therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106: 1242-6. , , i '; 30 Reichard P, Bengt-Yngue N, Rosenqiiiet ?. Th? effect of long tenn intensified insulin treatment on the develo?nient of microvascular c?iaplica tions of diabetes mellitus. NEnglJMed 1993;32#30&9v 31 United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. Study design and progress and performance. Diabetologia 1991 ;34:877-90. * ,.'.???*'? ^ v 32 WHO/IDF Europe. Diabetes and research in Europe: the St Vincent declaration. Diabetic Med 1990;7:360. 33 Kohner EM, Porta M. Screening for diabetic retinopathy in Europe: a field guide book. Milan: Boehringer Mannheim, 1992.
Bans on public smoking reduce deaths among people exposed to secondhand smoke, study shows
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Local laws that ban smoking in restaurants, offices, and other public places reduce the risk of heart attacks and heart disease in people exposed to secondhand smoke. The findings came in a report from the US Institute of Medicine that was released on 15 October.

“It’s clear that smoking bans work, [and they] reduce the risks of heart attack in non-smokers as well as smokers,” said Lynn Goldman, professor of environmental health sciences at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, who led the study group that wrote the report.

The evidence from 11 studies in the United States, Canada, …
Search for cross-reactivity between HLA B27 and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Authors: J R Archer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

HLA B27 is associated with a number of forms of arthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis. It has been suggested that the disease is caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and that the bacterium evokes an odd immune response because it cross-reacts with HLA B27. This proposed cross-reactivity was investigated in a number of ways. The results consistently failed to confirm evidence from cross reaction, even in antisera with activity against both HLA B27-positive lymphocytes and klebsiella. It is suggested that the anomalous anti-klebsiella response of rabbits immunised with pools of HLA B27-positive leucocytes may be caused by antigenic bacterial fragments on the cells of infected individuals.
Some Further Virus Isolations from Common Colds
Authors: D. A. J. Tyrrell, M. L. Bynoe
Journal: BMJ (1961)

We have recently reported the successful cultivation of some viruses from nasal washings collected from three patients suffering from common colds (Tyrrell et al., 1960).The viruses grew and produced a cytopathic effect in cultures of human-embryo-kidney cells when these were maintained at 330 C. rather than 360 C., and in a medium with a lower bicarbonate concentration and therefore a lower pH than is usually employed (Tyrrell and Parsons, 1960).These findings have been confirmed by Hobson and Schild (1960).We also presented evidence that the viruses we collected were able to cause colds after two to eight passages in tissue culture and reinoculation to man.We have now expanded this work by testing many more specimens in tissue cultures and in volunteers, and the results are reported here. Materials and MethodsTissue Cultures.-Human-embryo-kidneycultures and secondary rhesus-monkey-kidney cultures were used, and were prepared as described elsewhere (Tyrrell et al., 1960).The maintenance medium used consisted of 2% filtered unheated calf serum and 0.250% lactalbumin hydrolysate (Nutritional Biochemicals Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio) and Hanks's saline containing 0.03% of sodium bicarbonate with 100 ,ug. of streptomycin, 100 units of penicillin, and 20 units of mycostatin per ml.All cultures were maintained in a roller drum at 330 C.Virus Isolation.-Nasalwashings taken with broth saline or Hanks's saline, or fluids from swab specimens, were thawed and 0.3 ml. was inoculated into each of three or four culture tubes.The medium was changed after one day and again after about five days of incubation.If a cytopathic effect occurred the fluid phase of the culture was removed and stored at -600 C., usually at the stage at which focal lesions were present or were becoming confluent.Passages were often unsuccessful if the fluids were harvested from tubes showing advanced degeneration.Further passages, using 0.2 ml. of culture fluid per tube, were made.At first we passed fl-uids from both positive and negative cultures.Later, because passages from negative cultures were uniformly negative, and because of a shortage of tissue cultures, only positive cultures were passed.Storage of Viruses.-Allspecimens were stored in the laboratory at about -60°C. in the absence of C02.Some specimens from Cirencester and Epsom were stored at -20°or -40°C.for a few days or weeks before reaching the laboratory.Sources of Materials.-Thewashings were mainly collected from patients in the acute phase of typical common colds of varying degrees of severity.Two main collections had been made-at the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill and at Salisbury.The first, in 1951, had been moved about from one laboratory to another, and was, of course, nine years old when tested.The second had been made
CDK8 Kinase Phosphorylates Transcription Factor STAT1 to Selectively Regulate the Interferon Response
Authors: Joanna Bancerek, Zachary C. Poss, Iris Steinparzer, Vitaly Sedlyarov, Thaddäus Pfaffenwimmer, Ivana Mikulic, Lars Dölken, Birgit Strobl, Mathias Müller, Dylan J. Taatjes, Pavel Kovarik
Journal: Immunity (2013)

Gene regulation by cytokine-activated transcription factors of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family requires serine phosphorylation within the transactivation domain (TAD). STAT1 and STAT3 TAD phosphorylation occurs upon promoter binding by an unknown kinase. Here, we show that the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) module of the Mediator complex phosphorylated regulatory sites within the TADs of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, including S727 within the STAT1 TAD in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. We also observed a CDK8 requirement for IFN-γ-inducible antiviral responses. Microarray analyses revealed that CDK8-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation positively or negatively regulated over 40% of IFN-γ-responsive genes, and RNA polymerase II occupancy correlated with gene expression changes. This divergent regulation occurred despite similar CDK8 occupancy at both S727 phosphorylation-dependent and -independent genes. These data identify CDK8 as a key regulator of STAT1 and antiviral responses and suggest a general role for CDK8 in STAT-mediated transcription. As such, CDK8 represents a promising target for therapeutic manipulation of cytokine responses.
Plasma Vitamin B_12 Binding Protein.
Authors: V. Herbert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Plasma Vitamin B12 Binding Protein.V. Herbert, M.D.V. Herbert, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-730_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe 200 to 900 picograms of vitamin B12normally present per ml of plasma are bound mainly to an alpha globulin. Normally, this vitamin B12binding protein is almost saturated; in vitamin B12deficiency states, it is mainly unsaturated. Were it a transport protein functionally like transferrin, it should take up and deliver a tracer dose of vitamin B12to tissues in proportion to its unoccupied binding capacity. In fact, less of an intravenously administered tracer dose of vitamin B12leaves the serum of patients with vitamin B12deficiency than that of normal subjects.In vitro, some vitamin B12is... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Mass. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byACTIVITY OF COENZYME B12 IN MAN* 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 730-730KeywordsBlood plasmaGlobulinsPlasma proteinsProteinsVitamin B12 deficiency Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Coexistence of generalized milia and naevus depigmentosus
Authors: S. Taniguchi, D. Tsuruta, J. Higashi, T. Hamada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Coexistence of generalized milia and naevus depigmentosus Get access S. Taniguchi, S. Taniguchi Department of Dermatology Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Tsuruta, D. Tsuruta Department of Dermatology Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Higashi, J. Higashi Department of Dermatology Kashiware Municipal Hospital, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Dermatology Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Hamada T. Hamada Department of Dermatology Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 2, 1 February 1995, Pages 317–318, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb05041.x Published: 01 February 1995
Gene expression profiling in the cerebral cortex of patients with cirrhosis with and without hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Boris Görg, Hans-Jürgen Bidmon, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis and is seen as the clinical manifestation of a low-grade cerebral edema associated with oxidative-nitrosative stress. However, comprehensive data on HE-associated molecular derangements in the human brain are lacking. In the present study, we used a whole human genome microarray approach for gene expression profiling in post mortem brain samples from patients with cirrhosis with or without HE and controls without cirrhosis. Altered expression levels were found for a total of 1,012 genes in liver cirrhosis patients without and with HE, and HE-characteristic gene expression changes were identified. Genes with altered expression pattern in HE were related to oxidative stress, microglia activation, receptor signaling, inflammatory pathways, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Despite an up-regulation of genes associated with microglia activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine messenger RNA profiles remained unchanged in the brains of patients with liver cirrhosis and HE compared with controls. Interestingly, many genes counteracting pro-inflammatory signaling and inflammatory cytokine expression were up-regulated in the cerebral cortex of patients with liver cirrhosis and HE.Pathogenetic mechanisms of HE deduced from cell culture and animal experiments, such as oxidative stress, altered Zn(2+) homeostasis and microglia activation also apply to human brain from patients with liver cirrhosis and HE. The study also revealed a not-yet recognized increased expression of genes antagonizing proinflammatory signaling and inflammatory cytokine expression. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2436-2447).
Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Blindness: A Population-based Study in Rochester, Minnesota
Authors: Mark S Dwyer, L Joseph Melton, David J Ballard, Pasquale J Palumbo, James C Trautmann, Chu-Pin Chu
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Among the 1135 Rochester residents discovered to have diabetes in the period 1945–69, the prevalence of retinopathy was 2.6% at the time of initial diagnosis. Among those free of retinopathy at diagnosis of diabetes, the subsequent incidence of any retinopathy was 17.4 per 1000 person-years and for proliferative retinopathy alone was 1.6 per 1000 person-years, based on 12,000 person-years of follow-up. The incidence rate of retinopathy was almost three times greater among residents with insulin-dependent (IDDM) than with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM); however, the actual number of retinopathy cases was over four times greater among the more numerous residents with NIDDM. By 20 yr after diagnosis of diabetes, the cumulative incidence of retinopathy approached 70% among IDDM subjects and was 30% and 36%, respectively, among the obese and nonobese NIDDM residents. The epidemiologic patterns for proliferative retinopathy were qualitatively similar to those for nonproliferative retinopathy. The risk of blindness was greater among those with proliferative than with nonproliferative retinopathy but was substantial even for those without retinopathy. Most blindness was caused by factors other than isolated diabetic retinopathy.
Affect Regulation and Prevention of Risky Behaviors
Authors: Carl C. Bell, Dominica F. McBride
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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