tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal Subcapsular Rim Sign Radionuclide Pattern
Authors: ROBERT HOWMAN-GILES, MAURICE GETT, PAUL ROY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The renal cortical rim sign is a radiological term describing the thin peripheral nephrogram of 2-4 mm thick which is from the peri-renal capsular collateral circulation in an otherwise nonfunctioning kidney. Radionuclides are used frequently in the estimation of renal function. A neonate with renal vein thrombosis demonstrated a rim sign on renal scan with Technetium DTPA. The rim sign on renal scan can be differentiated from severe hydronephrosis or multicystic kidney both of which may have a peripheral thin cortex which functions late on the renal scan. The rim sign in renal vein thrombosis was best visualized during the early blood pool phase when there was a considerable amount of radioactivity in the blood pool.
Molecular Pathways: Intercellular PTEN and the Potential of PTEN Restoration Therapy
Authors: Benjamin D. Hopkins, Ramon E. Parsons
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Phosphatase and Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome Ten (PTEN) acts as a tumor suppressor through both PI3K-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Reduced PTEN activity has been shown to affect not only tumor cell proliferation and survival but also the microenvironmental context in which nascent tumors develop. As a result of the multifaceted tumor-suppressive roles of PTEN, tumors evolve by selecting for clones in which PTEN activity is lost. PTEN activity within tumors can be modulated in numerous ways, including direct mutation, epigenetic regulation, and amplification or mutation of other proteins that can regulate or degrade PTEN. These events functionally prevent PTEN protein from acting within tumor cells. Paracrine roles for PTEN gene products (exosomal PTEN and PTEN-L) have recently been identified, through which PTEN gene products produced in one cell are able to enter recipient cells and contribute to PTEN functions. In preclinical models purified PTEN-L protein was able to enter tumor xenografts and downregulate PI3K signaling as well as cause tumor cell death. Here, we review the role of PTEN as a multifaceted tumor suppressor and reflect upon the potential for PTEN restoration therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5379–83. ©2014 AACR.
ABC of Rheumatology: FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME
Authors: M. Doherty, A. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Family practice clinics 2%General medical inpatients (United Kingdom) 5% General population (Swedish city British general practice) 1%Fibromyalgia is common in hospital practice.It is rarely reported in children, and most patients are in their 40s or 50s.In all settings there is a strong female preponderance (about 90%).It is well reported in the United States, Canada, and Europe, but racial and social predisposition have not been adequately addressed.Symptoms are variable.Pain and fatiguability are usually prominent and associated with considerable disability and handicap.Although patients can usually dress and wash independently, they cannot cope with a job or ordinary household activities.Pain is predominently axial and diffuse but can affect any region and may at times be felt all over.Characteristically, analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and local physical treatments are ineffective and may even worsen symptoms.Patients often have a poor sleep pattern with considerable latency and frequent arousal.Typically they awake exhausted and feel more tired in the morning than later in the day.Unexplained headache, urinary frequency, and abdominal symptoms are common and may have been extensively investigated with no cause found.Patients usually score highly on measures of anxiety and depression.Although the term fibromyalgia syndrome is not ideal, it does not imply causation and describes the commonest symptom.Idiopathic diffuse pain syndrome, generalised rheumatism, and non-restorative sleep disorder are terms that are increasingly preferred by some.Principal symptoms of fibromyalgia Pain Predominantly axial (neck and back), but may be all over Often aggravated by stress, cold, and activity Often associated with generalised morning stiffness Often with subjective swelling of extremities Paraesthesiae and dysaesthesiae of hands and feet Fatiguability Often extreme, occurring after minimal exertion Non-restorative sleep Waking unrefreshed Poor concentration and forgetfulness Low affect, irritable, and weepy Headache Occipital and bifrontal Diffuse abdominal pain and variable bowel habit Urinary frequency Urgency (day and night) Dysmenorrhoea Clinical signs Principal clinical findings * Discordance between symptoms and disability and objective findings * No objective weakness, synovitis, or neurological abnormality * Multiple hyperalgesic tender sites (axial and upper and lower limbs) * Pronounced tenderness to rolling of skin fold (mid-trapezius) * Cutaneous hyperaemia after palpation of tender sites or rolling of skin fold * Negative control (non-tender) sites (such as forehead, distal forearm, and lateral fibular head)
The biocompatibility of amino functionalized CdSe/ZnS quantum-dot-Doped SiO2 nanoparticles with primary neural cells and their gene carrying performance
Authors: Giuseppe Bardi, Maria Ada Malvindi, Lisa Gherardini, Mario Costa, Pier Paolo Pompa, Roberto Cingolani, Tommaso Pizzorusso
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Fibrinogen Lima: a homozygous dysfibrinogen with an A alpha-arginine-141 to serine substitution associated with extra N-glycosylation at A alpha-asparagine-139. Impaired fibrin gel formation but normal fibrin-facilitated plasminogen activation catalyzed by tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Authors: H Maekawa, K Yamazumi, S Muramatsu, M Kaneko, H Hirata, N Takahashi, C L Arocha-Piñango, S Rodriguez, H Nagy, J L Perez-Requejo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

An A alpha-arginine-141 to serine substitution has been identified in a homozygous dysfibrinogen, fibrinogen Lima, associated with impaired fibrin polymerization. The point mutation created an asparagine-X-serine-type glycosylation sequence, and indeed, extra, mainly disialylated biantennary oligosaccharides have been isolated from A alpha asparagine-139 of the patient's fibrinogen. This type of glycosylation sequence is unique for human fibrinogen, because the sequences shown for normal and abnormal fibrinogens are all asparagine-X-threonine types. The terminal sialic acids of the extra oligosaccharides seem to have largely contributed to the impaired fibrin gel formation, as evidenced by its correction to a near normal level by desialylation. Nevertheless, the polymerizing fibrin facilitated tissue-type plasminogen activator-catalyzed plasmin formation in a normal fashion, indicating that the initial two-stranded fibrin protofibrils had been constructed normally. Thus the impaired fibrin gel formation could be attributed to the delay in their subsequent lateral association, most probably because of the repulsive forces generated by the negative electric charge of the extra sialic acids. The substitution of a basic residue arginine to a noncharged residue serine may also have contributed to the impaired function in a similar manner or by steric hindrance in association with bulky extra oligosaccharide chains.
Letter: Acute pancreatitis and diabetic ketoacidosis in hypothermia.
Authors: D Maclean, J Murison, P D Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1974)

eventufally lead to a backlash which will destroy confidence and the necessary need for vigilance and referral of suspected cases of the syndrome.From its nature, this confidence can be built up only slowly, after years of painstaking work, but will be rapidly lost by a few injustices.-Iam, etc.,
185. Poly-lactide-co-glycolide Acid (PLGA) Nanoparticles for DNA Vaccination
Authors: Jacob Gvili, Marcelle Machluf
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Immunization with pcDNA encoding antigenic proteins is emerging as a novel vaccination strategy. Advantages of DNA vaccination include: Eliciting of both humoral and cellular response, ease of production and stability of pcDNA. Among the various gene carriers, viral vectors such as retrovirus and adenovirus are still the most widely investigated because of their transfection efficiency. However, drawbacks like immunogenecity, integration with host genome and limitation of the amount of genomic information that can be introduced by the vectors led researchers to look for non-viral methods. We offer to use a biodegradable nanopolymeric system made of Poly-lactide-co-glycolide acid (PLGA) as a carrier for DNA vaccination. PLGA-nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating pcDNA could serve as an efficient sustained release DNA delivery system, which can be easily taken by antigen presenting cells. Therefore, biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles containing pcDNA were prepared by the double emulsion (water/oil/water) solvent evaporation technique using a sonicator. The nanoparticles were characterized by investigating their morphology, size, loading efficiency, surface potential and release kinetics as a function of different formulation parameters. PLGA with a narrow size distribution and DNA loading efficiency of 85% were formulated. PLGA was found to protect pcDNA from shear stresses during sonication steps as was demonstrated by gel electrophoresis. Viability of several cell lines was examined post incubation with a suspension of PLGA particles. PLGA particles were found to be non-toxic. Uptake and distribution of the nanoparticles in cells of the immune system were studied [figure 1] using fluorescent dyes including 6-coumarin, Lysotracker Red and DRAQ5. The effect of temperature and size of particles on uptake by cells was studied. Using confocal microscopy the uptake and localization of nanoparticles in cells were studied. Nanoparticles were detected mainly in the cytoplasm and inside the endo-lysosome compartments. pcDNA that was released from the nanoparticles as well as pcDNA extracted from the nanoparticles retained their biological activity. Using these DNA extracts cells were successfully transfcted with a commercial transfecting reagent. In addition, transfection of cells with the PLGA-NPs system was studied and was found to be 200-fold higher compared to control. Plasmid expression was maintained for 3 weeks [figure 2]. Our results suggest that PLGA-NPs can serve as a non-viral DNA delivery system for DNA vaccination.
Comparative study of oestradiol and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel for ripening the unfavourable cervix before induction of labour.
Authors: P M Tromans, J Beazley, P I Shenouda
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Oestradiol 150 mg and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 4 mg suspended in viscous gel and applied intravaginally were compared with regard to ripening the unfavourable cervix of patients randomly allocated to two study groups. In primigravidae no significant difference was observed in the efficacy of the two substances. Some multiparous patients, however, had considerably more uterine sensitivity to PGE2 quickly developed decelerative cardiotocographic tracings after insertion of the gel. In the group given oestradiol there was a significant absence of uterine activity after gel application. The findings suggest that oestradiol applied vaginally is a safe, comfortable, cheap, and equally effective alternative to PGE2 for ripening the cervix, without the disadvantages of uterine stimulation frequently encountered with PGE2.
Pseudoisosexual Precocity Due to Cosmetic Ingestion
Authors: Angelita S. Ramos
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Despite the widespread use of estrogens in nonprescription cosmetic creams and lotions during the past two decades, there have been few reports of significant systemic effect. Topical preparations containing less than 10,000 units of estrogen per ounce, in amounts not exceeding 2 oz per month, ie, 20,000 units per month, 1 have not been reported to produce detectable systemic effects. The error of this assumption, at least for the pediatric age group, is illustrated by the present case report.  Report of a Case:—  A 3 3/12-year-old white girl was admitted to the Hartford Hospital for evaluation of isosexual precocity and a presumptative functional ovarian tumor. This child had normal growth and development until approximately six months prior to admission when the parents noted fullness of the breasts. Transient improvement occurred, although further breast enlargement was again noted by the parents three months prior to admission. One week
Endocrine Correlates of Stress Vulnerability
Authors: Dirk H. Hellhammer, Stephen Wade
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Psychological stress is implicated as one element in a constellation of risk factors for the development and maintenance of psychosomatic disease. Endocrine responses to stressful experience vary widely among individuals, and may account for some of the individual variability in vulnerability to development of psychosomatic symptoms under stress. Endocrine stress responsiveness probably has a large genetic component, but is also known to be modifiable by prolonged and/or profound stressful experience. Social and cognitive factors influence the pituitary-adrenal response to stress, and sex differences may also be significant. It may be possible to develop specific tests of endocrine responsiveness, perhaps incorporating psychological and pharmacological challenges, that may serve as markers of chronic stress experience or of vulnerability to psychosomatic disorders.
Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Hospitalization and Mortality
Authors: Wen Qi Gan, Mieke Koehoorn, Hugh W. Davies, Paul A. Demers, Lillian Tamburic, Michael Brauer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies have demonstrated that exposure to road traffic is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify specific traffic-related air pollutants that are associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality to support evidence-based environmental policy making.MethodsThis population-based cohort study included a 5-year exposure period and a 4-year follow-up period. All residents 45–85 years of age who resided in Metropolitan Vancouver during the exposure period and without known CHD at baseline were included in this study (n = 452,735). Individual exposures to traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, fine particles [aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5)], nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide were estimated at residences of the subjects using land-use regression models and integrating changes in residences during the exposure period. CHD hospitalizations and deaths during the follow-up period were identified from provincial hospitalization and death registration records.ResultsAn interquartile range elevation in the average concentration of black carbon (0.94 × 10−5/m filter absorbance, equivalent to approximately 0.8 μg/m3 elemental carbon) was associated with a 3% increase in CHD hospitalization (95% confidence interval, 1–5%) and a 6% increase in CHD mortality (3–9%) after adjusting for age, sex, preexisting comorbidity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and copollutants (PM2.5 and NO2). There were clear linear exposure–response relationships between black carbon and coronary events.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to traffic-related fine particulate air pollution, indicated by black carbon, may partly explain the observed associations between exposure to road traffic and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Will most people live in cities?
Authors: D. Satterthwaite
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Actinic keratosis is a form of dysplastic epidermal lesion resulting from chronic and excessive UV exposure with a certain risk of becoming cancerous. Current guidelines advocated the use of sunscreens to prevent photodamage. An efficient photoprotection must involve both primary protective factors such as UV filters and secondary factors (eg, antioxidants) able to disrupt the photochemical and genetic cascade triggered by UVs. An in vitro model of human skin (Phenion FT) was used to assess the photoprotective potential of a sunscreen containing inorganic sun-filters (50+ SPF) and 0.1% octatrienoic acid (KERA’+) after UVA (10 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) and UVB (25 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) by means of evaluation of the number of sunburn cells (SBCs) and apoptotic keratinocytes. Also resulting alterations in the gene expression of markers involved in apoptosis (Tumor protein 53), inflammation/immunosuppression (IL-6 and IL-8), oxidative stress (oxidative stress response enzyme heme oxygenase 1), remodeling (metalloproteinase 1) and cell-cell adhesion (E-cadherin) were investigated. Gene expression was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. This work demonstrated that the sunscreen preparations under study (with and without 0.1% octatrienoic acid, respectively) can be distinguished about their ability to prevent UVs-induced damage. Synergism between the inorganic filters and 0.1% octatrienoic acid was found (KERA’+) on all end points analyzed and this effect was found to be statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Our data revealed that topical application of a sunscreen containing inorganic filters (50+SPF) and 0.1% octatrienoic acid can protect from SBC formation, reduce the number of apoptotic keratinocytes and protect from the main molecular alterations caused by UV radiations.
Mitochondrial metabolism contributes to oxidative stress and reveals therapeutic targets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Regina Jitschin, Andreas D. Hofmann, Heiko Bruns, Andreas Gießl, Juliane Bricks, Jana Berger, Domenica Saul, Michael J. Eckart, Andreas Mackensen, Dimitrios Mougiakakos
Journal: Blood (2014)
Impedance-pH monitoring in proton pump inhibitor resistant patients: ready for clinical application?
Authors: J P Galmiche
Journal: Gut (2006)

Impedance-pH monitoring represents a useful tool for studies and clinical research in oesophageal disorders, and may hold promise for the group of patients dissatisfied with their antireflux treatment

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a very common disorder in which the reflux of gastric (or gastroduodenal) contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or lesions of the oesophageal mucosa. The harmful effects of acid injury on the oesophageal mucosa have been established for decades by experimental and clinical studies.1 From a clinical and therapeutic viewpoint, the central role of acid in the pathogenesis of reflux symptoms and lesions of the oesophagitis was most convincingly confirmed by the introduction of acid suppressive therapy; the development of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) achieved a level of efficacy not previously reached by antacids or H2 blockers.2

Despite the progress made with PPIs, it has now however become clear that up to 40% of patients with GORD symptoms are either not completely satisfied with their acid suppressive therapy or may be resistant to PPIs.3 Several reasons may underlie an individual’s resistance to his or her PPI regimen. Firstly, it may be that symptoms are not related to acid reflux; this may be the case when atypical and non-specific symptoms are reported and endoscopy does not show mucosal breaks, for example. In addition, acid injury may not be completely eliminated by PPI treatment and acid exposure remains abnormal. The level of acidity necessary to cause symptoms is not precisely defined and is likely to vary from subject to subject or even in the same individual. Several studies have shown that “weakly acidic” or short lasting reflux episodes may cause symptoms similar to those reported in classical GORD despite an overall normal 24 hour oesophageal acid exposure time.4,5 In these patients with an apparently hypersensitive …
Abstract 3200: HPV status influences the survival of HNSCC patients: A consideration for the TNM staging system
Authors: Francisco J. Ruiz-Fullana, German Velez-Reyes, Aurian Garcia, Juan Trinidad-Pinedo, Adriana Báez
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objective: Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignancies, affecting various sites with differing prognoses. Accurate and reliable stratification of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) for prediction of outcomes continues to be very challenging. The TNM staging system for HNSCCs is an important tool for reporting and defining treatment. However, there is increasing evidence for the role of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV) in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal SCC and predictive of a better prognoses. We have shown that Puerto Ricans have a high percentage of HPV-positive HNSCC particularly in the larynx. The goal of this study is to evaluate the relevance of HPV-positivity in the prediction of HNSCC patient's outcome together with the TNM staging system. Methods: Patients presenting to our department with HNSCC until 2005 and whose treatment was surgical were in included in this study. Survival trends (Kaplan-Meier survival curves) were used to evaluate survival differences according to anatomic subsite, HPV status, risk factors and clinicopathological characteristics. Results: One hundred eight -four patients were included in the study with a median follow-up of 59 months. Distribution according to specific tumor sites was 86 (46.7%) in the larynx; 70 (38%) in the oral cavity, 16 (8.7%) in the oropharynx, and 12 (6.5%) in the hypopharynx. The highest incidence of HPV – positive was in the oropharynx (67%). Multivariate analysis showed that HPV had an independent prognostic effect on the overall survival after adjusting other confounding factors such as histological grade, TNM stage and tobacco usage. The patient of HPV-positive laryngeal SCC showed a statistically longer absolute (p&amp;lt;0.05) and relapse-free (p=0.001) 5-year survival time than the HPV-negative group. However, the difference between HPV- positive and HPV-negative oral cavity tumors was less prominent. Patients younger than 30 years of age presented with advanced tumor stages. Failure pattern in younger age SCC patient may be attributable to biologic behavior. Conclusion: HPV status on HNSCC patients is a determinant factor in the survival of such patients dependent on tumor site and should be considered in addition to the actual TNM staging system. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3200. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3200
Blood Pressure Management in Early Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jeffrey L. Saver
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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