tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN TOOTH STRUCTURE RESULTING FROM DEFICIENT DIETS
Authors: JOHN A. MARSHALL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The present report deals with alterations in the teeth of dogs, which have been produced by imposing restricted diets. It is, in a sense, preliminary in nature, for the results have been so striking that a repetition of the experiment is advisable before complete data can be compiled and presented.  That portion of the problem which includes a study of the diet and changes produced in the bony growth of the animals will be reported elsewhere. My principal concern lies with a statement of changes produced in the teeth. My participation in this research has been secondary in that I have had no direct responsibility in working on the food or excreta of the animals. Through the courtesy of Dr. W. P. Lucas, professor of pediatrics, University of California Medical School, and Dr. Martha Jones of the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, I have had the opportunity of
Surgery or drugs for gastro-oesophageal reflux?
Authors: P. McCulloch
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Surgery is more effective, but patients need time to make up their minds preoperatively

No one could complain about a lack of randomised trials looking at the effectiveness of surgery for gastric reflux. Since the development of laparoscopic fundoplication, more than 130 papers, relating to more than 30 separate trials, have been published. But surprisingly, few of these trials have compared surgery with non-surgical treatment. Before the REFLUX trial, whose long term results are published in a linked paper by Grant and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f1908),1 only four studies had compared surgery with medical treatment. Most trials compared types of fundoplication or instrumentation (open, laparoscopic, or robotic). Comparisons of two ways of doing the same thing are easier, but comparisons of fundamentally different treatment approaches are usually more important.

Grant and colleagues report the five year outcomes of the multicentre REFLUX trial, which originally recruited 810 participants who had had gastro-oesophageal reflux disease for longer than 12 months at baseline. Self reported quality of life was better at five years on several measures in patients who underwent surgery than in those who received …
Identification of a new prostate cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 8q24
Authors: Meredith Yeager, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Julia Ciampa, Kevin B Jacobs, Jesus Gonzalez-Bosquet, Richard B Hayes, Peter Kraft, Sholom Wacholder, Nick Orr, Sonja Berndt, Kai Yu, Amy Hutchinson, Zhaoming Wang, Laufey Amundadottir, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Michael J Thun, W Ryan Diver, Demetrius Albanes, Jarmo Virtamo, Stephanie Weinstein, Fredrick R Schumacher, Geraldine Cancel-Tassin, Olivier Cussenot, Antoine Valeri, Gerald L Andriole, E David Crawford, Christopher A Haiman, Brian Henderson, Laurence Kolonel, Loic Le Marchand, Afshan Siddiq, Elio Riboli, Timothy J Key, Rudolf Kaaks, William Isaacs, Sarah Isaacs, Kathleen E Wiley, Henrik Gronberg, Fredrik Wiklund, Pär Stattin, Jianfeng Xu, S Lilly Zheng, Jielin Sun, Lars J Vatten, Kristian Hveem, Merethe Kumle, Margaret Tucker, Daniela S Gerhard, Robert N Hoover, Joseph F Fraumeni, David J Hunter, Gilles Thomas, Stephen J Chanock
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Terbutaline via pressurised metered dose inhaled (P-MDI) and Turbuhaler in highly reactive asthmatic patients
Authors: L Jackson, E Stahl, ST Holgate
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

There is some concern over the environmental consequences of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in pressurized metered-dose inhalers (p-MDIs). Turbuhaler was designed to deliver a drug as a dry powder without administering additives directly to the airways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative irritant and bronchodilating effects of the same dose of terbutaline delivered by a p-MDI and via Turbuhaler. Ten symptomatic, asthmatic patients, with highly reactive airways (provocative concentration of methacholine producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20) &lt; 0.2 mg.ml-1), inhaled, on separate days, 0.25 mg terbutaline via p-MDI or Turbuhaler. Changes in airway calibre were followed as specific airways conductance (sGaw). On a third day, patients inhaled from a placebo p-MDI containing all constituents except terbutaline. The study was conducted in a single-blind fashion and in random order. There were no significant differences in baseline sGaw on any of the study days. Inhalation of terbutaline from the p-MDI produced a transient percentage fall in sGaw at 1 min, reaching a mean maximum +/- SD of 17 +/- 8% at 10 s and then returning to baseline value after 20 s, followed by a progressive increase in sGaw to a maximum of 39 +/- 45% above baseline at 45 min. In contrast, inhalation of terbutaline via Turbuhaler caused no significant bronchoconstriction (fall in sGaw, 3 +/- 16%) at 10 s and achieved a greater increase in sGaw, reaching 63 +/- 51% at 45 min, although just failing to reach statistical significance compared to terbutaline p-MDI inhalation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A failed attempt at collaboration
Authors: S. Garattini, V. Bertele', G. Bertolini
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, a non-profit independent foundation, has withheld its involvement in an Innovative Medicines Initiative project that included clinical research and development of a product owned by GlaxoSmithKline.

Although we fully support the idea of further collaboration with industry, on this occasion the cooperation was not quite what we had hoped for. GSK set down the protocol for the clinical research in the partnership, and when we questioned some of the company’s methodological choices—such as the comparator drug and sample size—it became clear that these were not open for discussion. A project agreement written by GSK and attached to the study protocol set out dozens of pages of rules and conditions that would effectively have made this a …
For Deep Vein Thrombosis, Follow the Randomized Trials
Authors: James B. Spies, Fedor Lurie, Melvin Rosenblatt
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Protein C levels in nephrotic syndrome: Use of a new enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay for protein C antigen
Authors: Gerald A. Soff, Domenic A. Sica, Richard A. Marlar, Herbert J. Evans, G. Dastgir Qureshi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Activated protein C is a potent, physiologic anticoagulant that inactivates the activated forms of factors V and VIII as well as facilitates in vivo fibrinolysis. We developed a competitive protein-binding enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) for protein C that was utilized to investigate if the hypercoagulability of the nephrotic syndrome is related to a deficiency of circulating plasma protein C. Protein C was measured in plasma of 11 patients with nephrotic syndrome (24 hr protein 8.4 +/- 1.6 g, SEM; serum creatinine 4.2 +/- .74 mg/dl, SEM). Ten azotemic nonnephrotic patients were employed as controls (serum creatinine 6.0 +/- 1.25 mg/dl, SEM). No significant reduction of protein C values was observed (mean 108%, range 65-200%) in nephrotic patients when compared with the controls (mean 127%, range 100-200%) even though protein C antigen was present in all nephrotic urine samples tested. Also, no correlation existed between blood levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, total protein, or 24-hr urine protein excretion and the observed protein C values. These results suggest that in patients with the nephrotic syndrome, a hypercoagulable state may not be related to a deficiency of protein C and that the level of this zymogen in nephrotic syndrome reflects a dynamic balance between urinary losses and systemic production.
GAO: HRSA Physician Workforce Projections Need Updating
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impaired natural and CD16-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity in patients with WAS and XLT: ability of IL-2 to correct NK cell functional defect
Authors: Angela Gismondi, Loredana Cifaldi, Cinzia Mazza, Silvia Giliani, Silvia Parolini, Stefania Morrone, Jordan Jacobelli, Elisabetta Bandiera, Luigi Notarangelo, Angela Santoni
Journal: Blood (2004)
Beta-Adrenoceptor Agonists Block Corticosteroid Inhibition in Eosinophils
Authors: CHRISTOPHER P. NIELSON, NICHOLAS E. HADJOKAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Although beta-adrenoceptor agonists are primary agents in therapy of asthma, epidemiological studies have suggested that frequent or prolonged used of these drugs could be associated with exacerbation of disease. Mechanisms of any adverse effects remain unclear although in vitro studies have suggested that beta-adrenoceptor agonists can block glucocorticoid actions. Because asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by eosinophil infiltration of the airways, actions of beta-agonists and corticosteroids that alter eosinophil survival and mediator generation may be of importance. Eosinophil generation of superoxide anion, a potent mediator that can damage respiratory epithelium, was markedly increased after 2-24 h of in vitro beta-adrenoceptor agonist exposure. These proinflammatory effects are in contrast to inhibition of superoxide generation, which is observed with acute beta-agonist exposure. Corticosteroid treatment to reduce inflammation is combined with beta-agonist therapy in current asthma guidelines. Although dexamethasone independently decreased eosinophil superoxide anion generation, in the presence of beta-adrenoceptor agonist dexamethasone inhibition was minimal and not statistically significant. Eosinophil survival is a relevant factor to pulmonary inflammation. Although beta-adrenoceptor agonists did not independently increase eosinophil survival, glucocorticoid actions that increase apoptosis were blocked. Thus, in vitro beta-agonists can independently increase inflammatory mediator generation and block anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroid.
The Western Interstate Plan
Authors: Kevin P. Bunnell
Journal: JAMA (1969)

For the past 15 years, the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) has been carrying forward its responsibility to foster cooperation among the 13 western states for the improvement of higher education. The commission sponsors a wide range of cooperative programs, including those to strengthen nursing, mental health, university management information systems, social work, and medical education. At present, several of WICHE's programs are designing new approaches to health manpower production. One such program, still in the planning stage, would provide facilities for the education of physicians and related personnel in the western intermountain region. The concept envisions the use of multiple university campuses for basic science instruction and widely separated community hospitals for clinical instruction. This effort would be supplemented by the use of self-instructional devices and communications networks. <h3>WICHE and Medical Education</h3> In its early years, WICHE conducted studies of physician manpower in the West. These studies
Diet Contributes Significantly to the Body Burden of PBDEs in the General U.S. Population
Authors: Alicia J. Fraser, Thomas F. Webster, Michael D. McClean
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundExposure of the U.S. population to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is thought to be via exposure to dust and diet. However, little work has been done to empirically link body burdens of these compounds to either route of exposure.ObjectivesThe primary goal of this research was to evaluate the dietary contribution to PBDE body burdens in the United States by linking serum levels to food intake.MethodsWe used two dietary instruments—a 24-hr food recall (24FR) and a 1-year food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)—to examine food intake among participants of the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We regressed serum concentrations of five PBDEs (BDE congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) and their sum (∑PBDE) against diet variables while adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and body mass index.Results∑PBDE serum concentrations among vegetarians were 23% (p = 0.006) and 27% (p = 0.009) lower than among omnivores for 24FR and 1-year FFQ, respectively. Serum levels of five PBDE congeners were associated with consumption of poultry fat: Low, medium, and high intake corresponded to geometric mean ∑PBDE concentrations of 40.6, 41.9, and 48.3 ng/g lipid, respectively (p = 0.0005). We observed similar trends for red meat fat, which were statistically significant for BDE-100 and BDE-153. No association was observed between serum PBDEs and consumption of dairy or fish. Results were similar for both dietary instruments but were more robust using 24FR.ConclusionsIntake of contaminated poultry and red meat contributes significantly to PBDE body burdens in the United States.
Possible patterns of epidermal melanocyte disappearance in nonsegmental vitiligo: a clinicopathological study
Authors: L. Benzekri, I. Hmamouchi, Y. Gauthier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The depigmentation of vitiligo results in a progressive and chronic melanocyte loss with rare melanocytes occasionally remaining in the epidermis or the hair follicle reservoirs. Destruction by immune infiltrates in close contact with melanocytes within microvesicles and/or detachment of melanocytes followed by their transepidermal elimination should be regarded as possible mechanisms of chronic loss of pigment cells.To assess the frequency of these two histological findings and to establish a direct correlation with clinical features.This was a prospective observational study that took place over 1 year. Each patient received a standardized evaluation that included daylight and Wood's lamp examinations, pictures, biopsies performed on the marginal area, and histological and immunohistological studies. A second examination to assess the activity of the lesions was performed 1 year after inclusion in the study. Clinical changes associated with microvesicles were compared with those associated with detached melanocytes from the basal layer.This study included 50 patients. The histological findings were classified as inflammatory with isolated microvesicles (29 cases), noninflammatory with only detached melanocytes from the basal layer (12 cases) and a combination of coexisting microvesicles and detached melanocytes (six cases). Correlations were obtained between the histological findings and clinical features (aspect and activity of the lesions) and E-cadherin expression.Our data suggest the existence of two patterns of melanocyte disappearance in nonsegmental vitiligo.
DIAGNOSIS OF AFFECTIONS CHARACTERIZED BY INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.
Authors: G. PAUL LA ROQUE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Since the clinical phenomena presented by incomplete or partially obstructive lesions in this tube are referable, rather to the nature and location of the lesion than to obstruction, these affections will not be studied in this paper. Complete obstruction to the passage of the contents of the intestinal canal is generally characterized clinically by the symptom-complex of an acute affection. The causative lesion, however, may be of acute (sudden) or chronic (slow) development. In accordance with the underlying clinically recognizable etiologic factor, the different varieties of acute intestinal obstruction (ileus) may be classified as (1) dynamic ileus and (2) mechanical obstruction. <h3>1. Dynamic Ileus.</h3> —This is due to peristaltic paralysis either of the entire intestine or of a segment of gut and is typified by the absolute intestinal obstruction incident to general peritonitis. It is not rarely due to mechanical and chemical irritation of the peritoneum, such as is incident
UN summit launches new initiative for women and children's health
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Glia contribute to synapse elimination through phagocytosis in the central nervous system. Despite important roles during development and neurological disorders, the “eat-me” signal that initiates glia-mediated phagocytosis of synapses remains largely elusive. Here, by generating inducible conditional knockout mice of <i>Cdc50a</i>, we induced stable exposure of phosphatidylserine in the neuronal outer membrane. Surprisingly, acute <i>Cdc50a</i> deletion in neurons causes specific loss of inhibitory post-synapses without affecting other synapses, thereby generating excessive excitability with appearance of seizure. Ablating microglia or deleting microglial <i>Mertk</i> rescues the loss of inhibitory post-synapses, indicating that microglial phagocytosis is responsible for inhibitory post-synapse elimination. Moreover, inhibitory post-synapses in normal juvenile brains also use phosphatidylserine for synapse pruning by microglia, suggesting that phosphatidylserine may serve as a general “eat-me” signal for inhibitory post-synapse elimination. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> <i>Cdc50a</i> dependent phosphatidylserine exposure functions as an “eat-me” signal for microglia-dependent inhibitory post-synapse elimination
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Research Evidence
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selective priming to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), not TLR2, ligands byP. acnes involves up-regulation of MD-2 in mice
Authors: Laszlo Romics, Angela Dolganiuc, Karen Kodys, Yvonne Drechsler, Shilpa Oak, Arumugam Velayudham, Pranoti Mandrekar, Gyongyi Szabo
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers cytokine production through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which shares downstream signaling pathways with TLR2. We investigated the roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes )-primed, LPS-induced liver damage using selective TLR ligands. Stock LPS induced interleukin 8 in both TLR4- and TLR2-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Purified LPS (TLR4 ligand) activated HEK/TLR4 cells, while peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid (TLR2 ligands) activated HEK/TLR2 cells, respectively. In mice, P. acnes priming resulted in increased liver messenger RNA (mRNA) and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 12, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) by both stock LPS and purified LPS challenges compared with nonprimed controls. In contrast , P. acnes failed to sensitize to TLR2 ligands (peptidoglycan + lipoteichoic acid). In the liver, P. acnes -priming was associated with up-regulation of TLR4 and MD-2 proteins, and subsequent LPS challenge further increased MD-2 and CD14 mRNA levels. The lack of sensitization to TLR2 ligands by P. acnes correlated with no increase in hepatic TLR1 or TLR6 mRNA. In vitro , P. acnes pretreatment desensitized RAW macrophages to a secondary stimulation via both TLR2 and TLR4. However, IFN-γ could selectively prevent desensitization to TLR4 but not to TLR2 ligands. Furthermore, P. acnes induced production of IFN-γ in vivo as well as in isolated splenocytes. In vitro , P. acnes -primed Hepa 1-6 hepatocytes but not RAW macrophages produced increased MD-2 and CD14 mRNA levels after an LPS challenge. In conclusion , P. acnes priming to selective TLR4-mediated liver injury is associated with up-regulation of TLR4 and MD-2 and is likely to involve IFN-γ and prevent TLR4 desensitization by P. acnes . (Hepatology 2004;40:555-564.)
12/15-Lipoxygenase Orchestrates the Clearance of Apoptotic Cells and Maintains Immunologic Tolerance
Authors: Stefan Uderhardt, Martin Herrmann, Olga V. Oskolkova, Susanne Aschermann, Wolfgang Bicker, Natacha Ipseiz, Kerstin Sarter, Benjamin Frey, Tobias Rothe, Reinhard Voll, Falk Nimmerjahn, Valery N. Bochkov, Georg Schett, Gerhard Krönke
Journal: Immunity (2012)