tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INFRAPUBIC SECTION FOR PROSTATECTOMY.
Authors: E. WYLLYS ANDREWS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The operation here described is based on principles somewhat at variance with those now current, and I beg your indulgence if I speak dogmatically while trying to make its features plain. I have to offer as an excuse the good results I have attained and the rather chaotic condition of the whole subject in the literature. <h3>STRUCTURES CONTRIBUTORY TO THE OBSTRUCTION.</h3> We are not accustomed to consider the male pelvic outlet as of surgical importance, but we must now revise our ideas of pathogenesis and treatment of prostatic obstruction if my theories are true, and concede that the bones and ligaments also of the pelvis have much to do with compressing the urethra in prostatics. I contend that unless there is crowding together of the walls of the prostate by outside pressure, enlargement alone will not cause stoppage. That this crowding does take place I will endeavor to show. Were
The intra-epidermal epithelioma of Jadassohn: a distinct entity
Authors: M.G. COOK, H.A. RIDGWAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Forty cases of a distinctive acervate epidermal tumour (intra-epidermal epithelioma of Jadassohn) are described. The pathological and clinical features distinguishing it from other skin tumours are emphasized. Invasive areas were found in five of the cases, one with metastasis to a lymph node, underlining the need to differentiate this tumour from benign epidermal tumours, such as ‘irritated’ reborrhoeic keratosis and inverted follicular keratosis with which it has been and still is frequently confused.
Tomographic Evaluation of Hemodynamic Changes in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: M. J. DULFANO, H. ADLER
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The hemodynamic findings in 31 patients with mitral valvular disease were correlated with the signs obtained by chest tomography. The normal and pathologic findings are described. The advantages of the tomographic technic for the study of the pulmonary vasculature are pointed out. The progression of mitral valve narrowing was considered to be best related to the integrated picture of "impaired venous drainage." On this basis, three stages were defined. The over-all response of the pulmonary circulation to the severity of the disease can be judged by the pattern of blood vessels filling throughout the lung. It is concluded that for the evaluation of mitral valvular disease routine tomographic technic can indicate many of the essential hemodynamic findings with less hazard than either angiography or cardiac catheterization.
Major Benefit From Antiplatelet Therapy for Patients at High Risk for Adverse Cardiac Events After Coronary Palmaz-Schatz Stent Placement
Authors: Helmut Schühlen, Martin Hadamitzky, Hanna Walter, Kurt Ulm, Albert Schömig
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen (ISAR) Trial is a randomized study in which antiplatelet therapy is compared with anticoagulant therapy after coronary stent placement, showing a significantly lower rate of noncardiac and cardiac events with antiplatelet therapy. The present study is a report of the analysis of a prospective risk stratification protocol in the ISAR Trial and the association with the incidence of adverse cardiac events and stent vessel occlusion.In all 517 patients randomized in the ISAR Trial, risk stratification was done with a list of 18 clinical, procedural, and angiographic variables: 165 patients with two or fewer criteria were classified as low risk, 148 patients with three criteria were classified as intermediate risk, and 204 patients with four or more criteria were classified as high risk. Within a 30-day follow-up, cardiac event rate (death, myocardial infarction, repeat intervention) was 6.4% for high-risk, 3.4% for intermediate-risk, and 0% for low-risk patients (P<.01). Stent vessel occlusion occurred in 5.9%, 2.7%, and 0%, respectively (P<.01). There was no significant difference between anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in the low- and intermediate-risk groups. In high-risk patients, however, the cardiac event rate was 12.6% with anticoagulant therapy and 2.0% with antiplatelet therapy (P=.007), and the rate of stent vessel occlusion was 11.5% and 0%, respectively (P<.001).This risk stratification protocol can help to identify patients at risk for adverse cardiac events and stent vessel occlusion. Patients in the high-risk group had the most benefit from antiplatelet therapy. These data suggest that antiplatelet therapy is the therapy of choice after coronary stenting specifically for patients with acute ischemic syndromes, difficult procedures, or suboptimal final results.
Raloxifene Inhibits Aortic Accumulation of Cholesterol in Ovariectomized, Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits
Authors: Nina Hannover Bjarnason, Jens Haarbo, Inger Byrjalsen, Raymond F. Kauffman, Claus Christiansen
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The beneficial effect of long-term hormone replacement therapy in terms of a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease is now generally accepted. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has demonstrated hypolipidemic properties while leaving the endometrium unstimulated. Methods and Results For our study of the effects of raloxifene on atherosclerosis, 75 rabbits were ovariectomized and treated with either raloxifene, 17β-estradiol, or placebo; 25 rabbits were sham operated and treated with placebo. After 45 weeks, the raloxifene group had two thirds of the aortic atherosclerosis, as evaluated by the cholesterol content of the proximal inner part of the aorta, found in the placebo group (placebo, 577±55.1 nmol/mg protein; raloxifene, 397±53.6 nmol/mg protein; P &lt;.05); the estrogen group had one third of the aortic atherosclerosis in the placebo group (estrogen, 177±32.1 nmol/mg protein; P &lt;.001). The sham-operated group (473±59.6 nmol/mg protein) was not significantly different from placebo. These effects were only partly explained by the changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins, and treatment with both estrogen and raloxifene independently predicted the response in aorta cholesterol. Because plasma levels of total raloxifene were low relative to clinical values in postmenopausal women, dose-response data for raloxifene are required. Conclusions Our findings indicate that raloxifene hydrochloride has a potentially important antiatherogenic effect, analogous to that observed with estrogen in this model.
The Future of Industrial Hygiene and Medicine
Authors: H. E. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1936)

All babies admitted to the neonatal unit during a period of 41 months were prospectively studied to find out the incidence, aetiology, and outcome of neonatal pneumonia, and the value of routine cultures of endotracheal tubes. Pneumonia of early onset (before age 48 hours) occurred in 35 babies (incidence 1.79/1000 live births). In 20 (57%) it was caused by group B streptococci. Blood cultures showed the presence of organisms in 16 of the 35 (46%). There were 41 episodes of pneumonia of late onset in 39 babies. Thirty six of the 39 were preterm, and 34 were artificially ventilated (10% of all ventilated babies). Endotracheal tube colonisation had occurred in 94% of these, most commonly by Gram negative organisms and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In only one of seven cases with simultaneous bacteraemia was the same organism grown from cultures of the blood. After controlling for gestational age and duration of artificial ventilation there was no difference in the incidence or timing of endotracheal tube colonisation between babies who did and did not have pneumonia of late onset. Ten babies with pneumonia of early onset (29%) died; all were preterm infants. Only one death (2%) was associated with an episode of pneumonia of late onset. Routine surveillance cultures were not helpful in predicting and managing pneumonia of late onset.
Short Communication: Dating Components of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Isabel Gonçalves, Kristina Stenström, Göran Skog, Sören Mattsson, Mihaela Nitulescu, Jan Nilsson
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Atherosclerotic plaques that give rise to acute clinical symptoms are typically characterized by degradation of the connective tissue and plaque rupture. Experimental studies have shown that mechanisms to repair vulnerable lesions exist, but the rate of remodeling of human plaque tissue has not been studied.In the present study, we determined the biological age of different components of advanced human atherosclerotic plaques by analyzing tissue levels of (14)C released into the atmosphere during the nuclear weapons tests in the late 1950s and early 1960s.Atherosclerotic plaques were obtained from 10 patients (age 46 to 80 years) undergoing carotid surgery. Different regions of the plaques were dissected and analyzed for (14)C content using accelerator mass spectrometry. At the time of surgery, the mean biological age of the cap region was 6.4+/-3.2 years, which was significantly lower than that of the shoulder region (12.9+/-3.0 years, P<0.01), the interface toward the media (12.4+/-3.3 years, P<0.01), and the core (9.8+/-4.5 years, P<0.05). Analysis of proliferative activity and rate of apoptosis showed no signs of increased cellular turnover in the cap, suggesting that the lower (14)C content reflected a more recent time of formation.These results show that the turnover time of human plaque tissue is very long and may explain why regression of atherosclerotic plaque size rarely is observed in cardiovascular intervention trials.
Tropism-modified AAV Vectors Overcome Barriers to Successful Cutaneous Therapy
Authors: Jessica Sallach, Giovanni Di Pasquale, Fernando Larcher, Nadine Niehoff, Matthias Rübsam, Anke Huber, Jay Chiorini, David Almarza, Sabine A Eming, Hikmet Ulus, Stephen Nishimura, Ulrich T Hacker, Michael Hallek, Carien M Niessen, Hildegard Büning
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Autologous human keratinocytes (HK) forming sheet grafts are approved as skin substitutes. Genetic engineering of HK represents a promising technique to improve engraftment and survival of transplants. Although efficacious in keratinocyte-directed gene transfer, retro-/lentiviral vectors may raise safety concerns when applied in regenerative medicine. We therefore optimized adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors of the serotype 2, characterized by an excellent safety profile, but lacking natural tropism for HK, through capsid engineering. Peptides, selected by AAV peptide display, engaged novel receptors that increased cell entry efficiency by up to 2,500-fold. The novel targeting vectors transduced HK with high efficiency and a remarkable specificity even in mixed cultures of HK and feeder cells. Moreover, differentiated keratinocytes in organotypic airlifted three-dimensional cultures were transduced following topical vector application. By exploiting comparative gene analysis we further succeeded in identifying αvβ8 integrin as a target receptor thus solving a major challenge of directed evolution approaches and describing a promising candidate receptor for cutaneous gene therapy. Autologous human keratinocytes (HK) forming sheet grafts are approved as skin substitutes. Genetic engineering of HK represents a promising technique to improve engraftment and survival of transplants. Although efficacious in keratinocyte-directed gene transfer, retro-/lentiviral vectors may raise safety concerns when applied in regenerative medicine. We therefore optimized adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors of the serotype 2, characterized by an excellent safety profile, but lacking natural tropism for HK, through capsid engineering. Peptides, selected by AAV peptide display, engaged novel receptors that increased cell entry efficiency by up to 2,500-fold. The novel targeting vectors transduced HK with high efficiency and a remarkable specificity even in mixed cultures of HK and feeder cells. Moreover, differentiated keratinocytes in organotypic airlifted three-dimensional cultures were transduced following topical vector application. By exploiting comparative gene analysis we further succeeded in identifying αvβ8 integrin as a target receptor thus solving a major challenge of directed evolution approaches and describing a promising candidate receptor for cutaneous gene therapy.
Epidemic Cutaneous Herpes Simplex in Wrestlers (Herpes Gladiatorum)
Authors: Clayton E. Wheeler
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Infection of the skin with herpes simplex assumes a variety of forms which are classified as either primary or recurrent.<sup>1</sup>Primary infection is the initial infection, whereas recurrent disease represents activation of a herpetic focus which has lain dormant for weeks, months, or sometimes years. Cutaneous involvement in primary herpes simplex may accompany gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, vulvovaginitis, balanitis, or urethritis.<sup>1</sup>In visceral herpes of the newborn, hepatitis of the malnourished, or herpetic meningoencephalitis, skin lesions are too inconspicuous and occur too infrequently to be of much diagnostic value.<sup>1-4</sup>Localized primary infections in which the skin is the portal of entry are probably most common on the hand, especially about the fingers, although they may occur anywhere. The so-called herpetic whitlow is a special hazard for dentists, nurses, and physicians who work about the mouths of persons who harbor the virus.<sup>5,6</sup>Primary Kaposi's varicelliform eruption is a generalized
Prostatic Bone Metastases Associated With Multifocal Paget’s Disease
Authors: VLADIMIR SOPOV, DAVID GROSHAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

It is usually possible to differentiate between Paget’s disease and metastatic disease. However, some diagnostic difficulty can arise, particularly when a patient with a known primary tumor has a bone scan performed and Paget’s disease is found incidentally. We report a case of subsequent bone scans done to assess response to therapy for bone metastases caused by prostate cancer associated with multifocal Paget’s disease.
Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Intake Is Associated With Enhanced Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Francesco Facchini, Y-D Ida Chen, Gerald M Reaven
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that insulin-mediated glucose uptake is enhanced in light-to-moderate alcohol consumption. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a case-control study of healthy volunteers, divided into nondrinkers and light-to-moderate drinkers based on their history of alcohol consumption. The study was performed at the General Clinical Research Center at Stanford University Medical Center and involved 40 volunteers, 20 men and 20 women. Measurements were made of the plasma glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose challenge, fasting plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, and steady-state plasma insulin (SSPI) and steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations in response to a continuous infusion of somatostatin, insulin, and glucose. RESULTS Light-to-moderate drinkers (10-30 g/day) had lower integrated plasma glucose (17.8 ± 0.8 vs. 19.8 ± 0.9 mM/h, P &amp;lt; 0.02) and insulin (600 ± 65 vs. 1,075 ± 160 pM/h, P &amp;lt; 0.01) responses to the glucose challenge and higher fasting plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations (1.46 ± 0.08 vs. 1.25 ± 0.08, P ± 0.02). Despite similar SSPI concentrations of ∼300 pM, SSPG concentrations were lower (P ± 0.01) in light-to-moderate drinkers (6.7 ± 0.8 vs. 10.7 ± 1.2 mM). Results were independent of age, body mass index, ratio of waist-to-hip girth, and estimates of level of habitual physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption in healthy men and women is associated with enhanced insulin-mediated glucose uptake, lower plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in response to oral glucose, and a higher HDLcholesterol concentration. The changes in glucose and insulin metabolism may contribute to the lower risk of coronary heart disease described in light-to-moderate drinkers.
Low cost intervention reduces suicide rate in poorer countries, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A brief, low cost intervention followed by contact reduces the number of deaths from suicide among people who have attempted suicide in low and middle income countries, an international study shows.

From January 2002 to October 2005 the study followed up 1867 people who had attempted suicide identified by medical staff in the emergency units of eight collaborating hospitals in five culturally different sites: Campinas, Brazil; Chennai, India; Colombo, Sri Lanka; Karaj, Iran; and …
Lipemia Retinalis
Authors: Samuel Stearns, Eli Friedman, Maurice Lugitch, Sumner H. Hoffman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

LIPEMIA retinalis is a rare manifestation of the hyperlipemia that is commonly associated with diabetic acidosis. Since the original description by Heyl1 in 1880, a total of 62 cases have been reported in diabetic and 6 in nondiabetic patients. The rarity of retinal lipemia is indicated by the experience of Joslin and his associates,2 who discovered only 9 cases among 29,000 patients with glycosuria in a period of forty-eight years. However, the report of 7 patients with lipemia retinalis among 108 patients treated for diabetic acidosis at the Mayo Clinic3 suggests that the condition is more frequent than was formerly . . .
PI-PLCβ-1 and activated Akt levels are linked to azacitidine responsiveness in high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Matilde Yung Follo, Carlo Finelli, C Bosi, Giovanni Martinelli, Sara Mongiorgi, Michele Baccarani, Lucia Manzoli, Wl Blalock, Alberto Maria Martelli, Lucio Ildebrando Cocco
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Rheumatology: The Problem Knee
Authors: David H. Neustadt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 August 1996Rheumatology: The Problem KneeDavid H. Neustadt, MDDavid H. Neustadt, MDUniversity of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-3-199608010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail 2nd edition. Malcolm F. Macnicol. 215 pages. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1995. $95.00. ISBN 0-7506-0487-5. Order phone 800-366-2665.I agree that “the knee is a complex and crucial joint,” but I disagree with the author that “it is as easily injured during daily rounds as in competitive sports, industrial accidents, or collisions.” In the opening paragraph of the preface to this book, Professor Macnicol states that “whether the inextricable mix of synovitis, torn ligament or meniscus, and osteochondral damage can be teased apart may in the end depend upon the experience and investigative skills of the surgeon …” But in this short ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 3Page: 256KeywordsJoint replacement surgeryKneesOrthopedicsRheumatoid arthritisRheumatologySigns and symptomsSoft tissuesSportsSurgeonsTechnicians ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Distinctive Expression of Cancer/Testis-X Antigens in a Subset of ER Negative Breast Carcinomas.
Authors: A. Grigoriadis, O. Caballe, K. Hoek, L. da Silva, Y. Chen, S. Shin, A. Jungbluth, L. Miller, J. Cebon, L. Old, S. Lakhani, A. Simpson, M. Neville
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Cancer/testis-X antigens are a multigene family that are predominantly expressed in human germ line cells, with little or no expression in somatic adult tissues, but become aberrantly activated in various malignancies. Some such CT-X antigens represent ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy and have already been used in clinical testing. In contrast to melanomas, bladder, lung, ovarian and hepatocellular carcinomas which show higher levels of CT-X antigen expression, the reports in breast cancers have been inconclusive to date and a comprehensive gene expression and clinicopathological analysis has yet to be performed.Material and Methods: Using sequencing data as well as nine publicly available gene expression data sets, we analyzed the expression of Cancer/testis-X antigens in more than 1900 primary breast cancers. Complementary analysis was performed on three tissue microarrays comprising a total of 201 primary breast carcinomas and 53 brain metastases. Clinical information on the ER-, PR-, HER2, Ki67, p53, EGFR and basal markers was available for statistical analysis.Results: A significantly higher expression of Cancer/testis-X antigens was found in ER negative breast carcinomas over different data sets with a concordant gene expression pattern of several Cancer/testis-X antigens. Members of the MAGEA family and NY-ESO-1/CTAG1B were consistently the most prevalent. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a significant correlation of MAGEA family and NY-ESO-1/CTAG1B with ER negative (pValue &amp;lt; 0.0001), PR negative (pValue &amp;lt; 0.01) and Ki67 staining (pValue &amp;lt; 0.0001). Many of these tumors were also positive for basal markers.Discussion: Previous studies of Cancer/testis-X antigens in breast have focused on ER positive cancers, in smaller subsets and provided inconclusive results. Using comprehensive gene expression data sets and tissue microarrays, we have demonstrated a significant association of MAGEA family and NY-ESO-1/CTAG1B with ER/PR negative breast cancer. Since these cancers represent a subgroup for which less therapeutic modalities are available, we propose the use of MAGEA and NY-ESO-1/CTAG1B cancer vaccines in the adjuvant setting as an approach to restricting tumor growth and metastases. Clinical trails using MAGEA and NY-ESO-1/CTAG1B are warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3139.
Plasma Acid-Base Patterns in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Horacio J. Adrogué, Howard Wilson, Aubrey E. Boyd, Wadi N. Suki, Garabed Eknoyan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

In a study of the types of plasma acid-base patterns present at 196 admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis we found no relation between the initial level of serum total carbon dioxide and the plasma anion gap; instead, there was a broad spectrum of acid-base patterns, ranging from pure anion-gap acidosis to pure hyperchloremic acidosis. Although the degree of renal dysfunction on admission, which reflected the magnitude of volume depletion, was independent of the severity of metabolic acidosis, it was responsible for the variable retention of plasma ketones: the more severe the volume depletion on admission, the greater the ketone retention and the less prominent the hyperchloremic acidosis. Recovery from acidosis was significantly slower in patients admitted with pure hyperchloremic acidosis. After therapy, hyperchloremia developed in most patients at four to eight hours after admission, because of the retention of chloride in excess of sodium and the excretion of ketones by the kidney.