tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DUAL REGULATORY ROLE OF THE THYMUS IN THE MATURATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Masaru Taniguchi, Tomio Tada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Rabbits thymectomized in early adulthood produced more antihapten antibody than sham-thymectomized controls after hyperimmunization with 2,4-dinitrophenyl bovine gamma globulin (DNP-BGG). The average associated constant of anti-DNP antibody produced by thymectomized animals was more than 10 times higher than that of the controls. Similar effects were obtained by extensive treatment of rabbits with antithymocyte serum (ATS) before and during the immunization with DNP-BGG. The results indicated that relative diminution of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) resulted in a stimulation of antibody-forming cells with a higher affinity. On the other hand, preimmunization of rabbits with different doses of BGG caused either enhancement or suppression of the hapten-specific antibody response, depending on the priming dose of BGG. The suppressed antibody response was always associated with a marked decrease in the antibody affinity. If rabbits were partially tolerized with a large dose of soluble BGG, some of the animals produced little antibody against hapten (DNP) coupled to this carrier, and the affinity of produced antibody was low. However, other rabbits tolerized with BGG produced large amounts of anti-DNP antibody upon hyperimmunization with DNP-BGG, whose affinity was only slightly lower than that of the control. These results can be harmonized if it is assumed that the thymus plays an important role in the maturation of the immune response. It is postulated that T cells, in numbers ordinarily available, would first assist in the proliferation of antihapten antibody-forming cell precursors already selected by antigen, thus accounting for the rapid increase of antibody affinity in the early stage of immunization. However, after a larger number of carrier-specific T cells are made in response to continued immunization, these would suppress antibody-forming cells. The suppression would be greater for cells with higher affinity for antigen, resulting in a decrease in antibody affinity. This postulate explains preferential stimulation and suppression of cells having higher affinity receptors under circumstances in which T cell are relatively depleted or overstimulated, and further permits an explanation for the decrease of antibody affinity after long-term immunization.
Physiologic Uterine Uptake of FDG During Menstruation Demonstrated with Serial Combined Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography
Authors: SUBHASH CHANDER, CAROLYN CIDIS MELTZER, BARRY M. McCOOK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been used extensively to stage, restage, and follow neoplastic disease. However, focal accumulation of FDG may cause false-positive results in certain physiologic conditions. In this report, a unique PET and computed tomography (CT) combination scan helped define physiologic accumulation of FDG in the uterus during menstruation in a 40-year-old woman with a history of rectal melanoma and possible recurrent disease. An initial PET study, performed during menstruation, was followed immediately by a PET-CT scan, which showed marked accumulation of FDG in the posterior pelvis, localized to a retroverted uterus. An FDG PET-CT scan repeated 2 weeks later confirmed resolution of this “lesion.” Thus, combined PET-CT correctly differentiated physiologic FDG uptake in a retroverted uterus from recurrent rectal melanoma. This case shows that physiologic FDG accumulation in the uterus should be considered when focal FDG accumulation is observed in the pelvis in women of reproductive age.
Medico-Chirurgical Society: Case of Slow Pulse, with Fainting Fits
Authors: None Williams
Journal: BMJ (1841)

ceoded in forming a book of reference for practitioners, and a solid and easy guide for students.The engravings are by Mr. Adlatd, after drawings by Bagg.Looking at the contents of the volume, and its remarkably low price, only twenty-two shillings, we have no hesitation in saying that it has no parallel in the history of publishing.
Maternal Vitamin A Supplementation and Lung Function in Offspring
Authors: William Checkley, Keith P. West, Robert A. Wise, Matthew R. Baldwin, Lee Wu, Steven C. LeClerq, Parul Christian, Joanne Katz, James M. Tielsch, Subarna Khatry, Alfred Sommer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Vitamin A is important in regulating early lung development and alveolar formation. Maternal vitamin A status may be an important determinant of embryonic alveolar formation, and vitamin A deficiency in a mother during pregnancy could have lasting adverse effects on the lung health of her offspring. We tested this hypothesis by examining the long-term effects of supplementation with vitamin A or beta carotene in women before, during, and after pregnancy on the lung function of their offspring, in a population with chronic vitamin A deficiency.
Transplantation and hemodialysis. II. Long-term hemodialysis and the recipient
Authors: T. T. Tsaltas
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Hemodialysis has been firmly established as a successful treatment of acute renal failure and for the prolongation of life of patients with chronic renal failure.<sup>1</sup>In the past several months, editorials have appeared in a variety of scientific journals concerned with the ethical problems of the artificial prolongation of life by means of hemodialysis and the advisability of such a prolongation of life on ethical grounds and, in view of the high costs of such a procedure on a longterm basis, on financial grounds.<sup>2,3</sup> Recently, an opinion had been expressed that since renal transplantation is becoming more successful, it is unwise to invest more funds in hemodialysis improvements or in the maintenance of patients with chronic renal failure by such treatment.<sup>4,5</sup>Being the beneficiary of this treatment, and having been kept alive for the past 2 1/2 years solely by means of long-term hemodialysis, I believe that
558. High Efficiency Transfection of Primary Cells for Basic Research and Gene Therapy
Authors: Hans-Guenter Bruenker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Efficient non-viral transfection is a challenge, especially when it comes to difficult-to-transfect cell types like primary cells. For many years the performance of non-viral transfection technologies was lagging behind viral transduction. This situation has changed with the advent of the Nucleofector technology, an advanced electroporation method. Nucleofection is the first non-viral transfection technology that delivers DNA not only into the cytoplasm, but also straight into the nucleus of a cell. The Nucleofector technology routinely achieves transfection efficiencies of up to 90% with plasmid DNA and up to 99% with siRNA duplexes. The technology enables the highly efficient transfection of a broad variety of primary cell types including various kinds of stem cells. In numerous publications the potential of the technology has been shown with e.g. unstimulated T cells (transfection efficiency with DNA of up to 66 %) and stimulated T cells (47 %), chondrocytes (65 %), dendritic cells (49 %), neurons (59 %), fibroblasts (90 %), keratinocytes (53 %), CD34+ cells (71 %), mesenchymal stem cells (47 %), neural stem cells (60 %), and many others more. Since its introduction the technology has opened up the doors to novel possibilities. While in the past most scientists made use of nucleofection in basic research and development, some scientists have already pursued the technology's potential regarding ex vivo gene therapeutic applications. Encouraged by their promising results, the technology will soon be available in a format that will allow for its use in clinical settings. Latest achievements using the Nucleofector technology in primary-cell transfection will be presented as well as latest information with respect to cGMP compliant versions of the Nucleofector technology. Presenter is employee of amaxa biosystems.
ON THE COMPARATIVE PROTHROMBIC ACTIVITY OF HUMAN AND DOG BLOOD 1
Authors: Armand J. Quick, Clara V. Hussey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Soon after the introduction of the one-and two- stage methods for determining prothrombin, it was noted that while the results obtained by the two procedures generally agreed fairly well, marked discrepancies occurred in certain specific instances.Particularly puzzling has been the observation that the prothrombic activity of human blood as compared with dog blood, when measured by the two tests, is markedly different.Warner, Brinkhous and Smith (1) reported that the prothrombin concentration in dog blood is 350 units per cc.and in human blood 295 units.More recently Murphy and Seegers (2) found 190 to 205 units in dog and 290 to 315 in human blood.Mann and his as- sociates (3, 4) reported that the average for dog blood is 183 units per cc.and for human blood 319 units.These findings indicate that the prothrom- bin concentration as measured by the two-stage method is approximately the same in the two spe- cies.When determined by the one-stage method, the prothrombic activity of dog blood, in marked contrast, is many-fold higher than in human blood
Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by nested polymerase chain reaction in sera of patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis treated with interferon
Authors: Yoshinao Kobayashi, Shozo Watanabe, Masayoshi Konishi, Masato Yokoi, Jiro Ikoma, Ryuichi Kakehashi, Yuji Kojima, Shiro Suzuki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1992)
Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma With Lower Extremity Metastasis
Authors: Bryan B. Le, Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is usually confined to the abdomen and pelvis. Extra-abdominal and extrapelvic dissemination is very uncommon mostly at advanced stages of the disease. This rare clinical event may be related to contiguous spread through connecting pathways linking the abdomen and pelvis to the thorax and proximal lower extremity. The authors present a case of advanced malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with contiguous dissemination to the right thigh and proximal leg documented and monitored by 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
Options for Health and Health Care: The Coming of Post-Clinical Medicine
Authors: George Ross Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Since this review of the socioeconomics of modern American medicine contains a foreword by Wilbur Cohen, it seems appropriate to begin a review of it by quoting Harry Truman. "I need to get me a one-armed economist," declared the President, "because the ones I have are always saying 'On the one hand, on the other hand.'" Such balanced, review-article fairness to all viewpoints and endorsement of none is both the glory and the limitation of this important overview of today's health care problems. The scholarship of Alfred and Maria Miller can be measured by the bibliography: 14 chapters each cite 100 references. The book goes beyond scholarship, however. Alfred Miller was Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary for Legislation in the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, where analysis of legislative options presumably was part of his job. Many references in the book are made to mimeographed papers prepared for the
Sputum Staining for Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: ALLAN P. FREEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1979Sputum Staining for Legionnaires' DiseaseALLAN P. FREEDMAN, M.D.ALLAN P. FREEDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-715_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Broome and colleagues (1) in the January 1979 issue on demonstration of the agent of Legionnaires' disease in sputum specimens by direct immunofluo-rescent staining further strengthens the prospect of early diagnosis. Several other authors have recently reported similar observations (2, 3). This large series from the Center for Disease Control adds to the evidence, but unfortunately does not yet give us information on the false-negative rate in acute infection when respiratory secretions are promptly processed. As the authors point out, the frequency of positive tests might have been higher than 9% if the specimens...References1. BROOME C, CHERRY W, WINN W, and MACPHERSON B: Rapid diagnosis of Legionnaire's disease by direct immunofluorescent staining. Ann Intern Med 90:1-4, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KATZ S: Examination of sputum in Legionnaires' disease (letter). Lancet 2:987-988, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LATTIMER G, MCCRONE C, and GALGON J: Diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease from transtracheal aspirate by direct fluorescent-antibody staining and isolation of the bacterium. N Engl J Med 299:1172-1173, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KATZ S and NASH P: Legionnaires' disease: structural characteristics of the organism. Science 199:896-897, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. KATZ S and NASH P: The morphology of the Legionnaires' disease organism. Am J Pathol 90:187-208, 1978 MedlineGoogle Scholar6. BOYD J, BUCHANAN W, MACLEOD T, SHAW-DUNN R, and WEIR W: Pathology of five Scottish deaths from pneumonic illness acquired in Spain due to Legionnaires' disease agent. J Clin Pathol 31:809-816, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALLAN P. FREEDMAN, M.D.Affiliations: Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA 19102 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPleomorphism of Legionella Pneumophila 1 April 1979Volume 90, Issue 4Page: 715-715KeywordsInfectious disease controlLegionellosisPulmonary diseasesSputumStainingUpper respiratory tract infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Failure of Heparin to Inhibit Intimal Hyperplasia in Injured Baboon Arteries
Authors: Randolph L. Geary, Noriyuki Koyama, Trevina W. Wang, Selina Vergel, Alexander W. Clowes
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Heparin is a potent inhibitor of smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth and intimal hyperplasia in animal models but has been ineffective in inhibiting restenosis in humans. This difference may relate to flaws in clinical study design or, alternatively, to interspecies differences in SMC response to heparin. To determine whether heparin could inhibit intimal hyperplasia in a species more closely related to humans, we studied the effect of a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on baboon SMC proliferation and migration in culture and in arteries subjected to experimental angioplasty. Methods and Results LMWH or saline was infused continuously after experimental angioplasty of baboon peripheral arteries (six animals per group). After 28 days, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was given to label proliferating cells, and balloon-injured arteries were perfusion-fixed in situ and removed for analysis. All arteries had reendothelialized (Evans blue dye exclusion). LMWH increased partial thromboplastin time (LMWH, 81.7±8.4 seconds versus saline, 34.7±0.8 seconds [mean±SEM]; P =.004) but failed to inhibit intimal thickening or SMC proliferation (intimal area: LMWH, 0.19±0.03 mm 2 versus saline, 0.21±0.03 mm 2 ; BrdU labeling: LMWH, 2.9±0.6% versus saline, 2.4±0.4%; P =NS). In culture, LMWH and standard heparin (100 μg/mL) significantly inhibited serum-induced but not platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB)–induced SMC proliferation (% control, serum: LMWH, 60.5±4.0%, P =.0002; standard heparin, 29.4±8.2%, P =.0001; % control, PDGF-BB: LMWH, 117.7±11.3%, P =NS; standard heparin, 90.9±14.4%, P =NS) and SMC migration (% control, serum: LMWH, 15.3±1.9%, P =.0198; standard heparin, 26.4±13.8%, P =.0032; % control, PDGF-BB: LMWH, 98.5±14.3%, P =NS; standard heparin, 100.0±13.5%, P =NS). Conclusions LMWH failed to inhibit intimal hyperplasia in a baboon angioplasty model. Furthermore, LMWH blocked serum-induced but not PDGF-BB–induced SMC proliferation and migration in culture. Thus, heparin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways exist for SMC activation. The relative importance of each pathway induced by injury may vary between species and thus account for different responses to heparin.
FLUORESCENCE: PARTICULARLY IN DERMATOLOGY.
Authors: HERMAN GOODMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1928)

Journal Article FLUORESCENCE: PARTICULARLY IN DERMATOLOGY. Get access HERMAN GOODMAN, B.S., M.D. HERMAN GOODMAN, B.S., M.D. New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 40, Issue 3, 1 March 1928, Pages 105–116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1928.tb16296.x Published: 01 March 1928
Enzyme potentiated desensitisation in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: double blind randomised controlled study
Authors: M. J Radcliffe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the efficacy of enzyme potentiated desensitisation in the treatment of severe summer hay fever poorly controlled by pharmacotherapy. <b>Design</b> Double blind randomised placebo controlled parallel group study. <b>Setting</b> Hospital in Hampshire. <b>Participants</b> 183 participants aged between 18 and 64 with a history of severe summer hay fever for at least two years; all were skin prick test positive to timothy grass pollen. 90 randomised to active treatment; 93 randomised to placebo. <b>Interventions</b> Active treatment: two injections of enzyme potentiated desensitisation, given between eight and 11 weeks apart, each comprising 200 Fishman units of β glucuronidase, 50 pg 1,3-cyclohexanediol, 50 ng protamine sulphate, and a mixed inhaled allergen extract (pollen mixes for trees, grasses, and weeds; allergenic fungal spores; cat and dog danders; dust and storage mites) in a total volume of 0.05 ml of buffered saline. Placebo: two injections of 0.05 ml buffered saline solution. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Proportion of problem-free days; global rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life scores assessed weekly during pollen season. <b>Results</b> The active treatment group and the placebo group did not differ in the proportion of problem-free days, quality of life scores, symptom severity scores, change in quantitative skin prick provocation threshold, or change in conjunctival provocation threshold. No clinically significant adverse reactions occurred. <b>Conclusions</b> Enzyme potentiated desensitisation showed no treatment effect in this study.
How many systems make a global array?
Authors: Gregory A. Burton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Stoffregen & Bardy suggest that the global array provides the specification that is lacking when senses are considered in isolation. This seems to beg the question of the minimum number of senses in a global array. Individuals with sensory loss manage with fewer senses, and humans manage with fewer than electric fish; so specification, if it exists, cannot require all possible senses.
WHY ALL PHYSICIANS SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR SURGICAL EMERGENCIES.
Authors: J. E. GILCREEST
Journal: JAMA (1897)

It has long been a question of no small importance to me, why all physicians do not carefully prepare themselves for surgical emergencies; and especially does that query apply to men who practice in the remote villages, or in the country, where they will certainly be called to attend all accidents occurring in the immediate vicinity. For the older membrs, who have had the benefit of experience, there is no excuse. For the younger men who are just starting out, there may be possibly, but I doubt it, gentlemen, seriously doubt it. While we have many noble, conservative, earnest and capable young men in the profession, men who will shine in the scientific firmament, we still have two extremes: 1, the bold ones, who are overanxious to wield the scalpel and thus roll up a large list of surgical operations, the results of which are more or less cautiously exposed;
Characterization of arsenic compounds formed by Daphnia magna and Tetraselmis chuii from inorganic arsenate.
Authors: K J Irgolic, E A Woolson, R A Stockton, R D Newman, N R Bottino, R A Zingaro, P C Kearney, R A Pyles, S Maeda, W J McShane, E R Cox
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Experiments to grow Tetraselmis chuii (a marine alga) and Daphnia magna in the presence of inorganic arsenate are described. The algae incorporate arsenic rather efficiently and form a lipid-soluble organic arsenic compound. T. chuii has been successfully mass cultured in a medium containing 10 ppm arsenic as arsenate. Daphnia magna was cultured in a medium containing 74As-labeled H3AsO4 and 1 ppm Na2HAsO4 expressed as arsenic. The arsenic metabolites were extracted with a chloroform-methanol solution and isolated by using column and thin-layer chromatography. TLC analysis of the metabolites revealed the presence of a 74As-containing product which migrated with phosphatidylethanolamine. This product was hydrolyzed with the phospholipases A, C, and D. The experimental results are not inconsistent with the presence of an arsenocholine moiety in the lipids. Arsenocholine, arsenobetaine, and acetylarsenocholine have been synthesized and will serve as reference substances in the chromatography experiments. The preparation of arsenocholine-containing lipids is in progress.
Fractionated electrograms in dilated cardiomyopathy: Origin and relation to abnormal conduction
Authors: Jacques M.T. de Bakker, Frans J.L. van Capelle, Michiel J. Janse, Sara Tasseron, Jessica T. Vermeulen, Nicolaas de Jonge, Jaap R. Lahpor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The human sperm acrosome reaction: physiology and regulatory mechanisms. An update
Authors: C Brucker, G B Lipford
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

The acrosome reaction is a crucial step during gamete interaction in all species, including man. It allows spermatozoa to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuse with the oocyte membrane. Spermatozoa unable to undergo the acrosome reaction will not fertilize intact oocytes. This article concentrates on the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa. During recent years, various entities found in the vicinity of the ovulated oocyte have been identified as stimulators of the acrosome reaction, of which zona protein is considered the prime physiological inducer in vivo . The steroid hormone progesterone has been shown to evoke critical responses in sperm cells leading to the acrosome reaction. Calcium has also been shown to play a central role during the acrosome reaction. Calcium flux is induced specifically by progesterone in capacitated and uncapacitated sperm cells, whereas only capacitated spermatozoa are able to subsequently complete the acrosome reaction. Progesterone as well as zona protein has been shown to evoke crucial responses within human spermatozoa, shedding light on the cascade of intracellular signalling events leading to the completion of the acrosome reaction. Furthermore, chemical agents which bring about the reaction in vitro , such as the ionophores ionomycin or A23187, have been used to shed light on its regulatory mechanisms. A number of molecules have been postulated to regulate the acrosome reaction in mammals, for example a galactosyl-transferase and a sperm protein tyrosine kinase. In addition, a novel protein, termed SAA-1, that was first detected on human spermatozoa is discussed with respect to its potential role as a regulatory protein closely involved in the initiation of the acrosome reaction.