tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk and protective factors for sporadic basal cell carcinoma: results of a two-centre case-control study in southern Germany. Clinical actinic elastosis may be a protective factor
Authors: U. Walther, M. Kron, S. Sander, G. Sebastian, R. Sander, R.U. Peter, M. Meurer, G. Krahn, P. Kaskel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background There are very few data regarding sun exposure behaviour of patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in central Europe. Objectives A case–control study of patients with sporadic BCC was conducted to assess the risk of occupational and leisure-time sun exposure behaviour, precursor lesions for skin cancer and phenotypic factors on the development of sporadic BCC in Ulm and Dresden, Germany. Methods A comparison was made of 213 patients with BCC (128 from Ulm, 85 from Dresden; 103 men and 110 women; median age at diagnosis 69 years) and 411 controls (237 from Ulm, 174 from Dresden; 197 men and 214 women; median age 58 years). Crude odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for all of 64 possible risk factors revealed strong associations in 33 items. Selection of important risk factors was performed in a multiple logistic regression. Results For sporadic BCC, an increased risk was shown for persons with actinic cheilitis (OR 7·1), actinic keratosis (OR 2·7) and solar lentigo (OR 2·5). The only phenotypic factor indicating risk of sporadic BCC was hair colour, with a higher risk for red/fair than brown/black hair (OR 4·3). There was an increased risk for persons with BCC in first-degree relatives (OR 5·1) and those with sunburn 20 years before sporadic BCC was diagnosed (OR 3·6). Additionally, occupational ultraviolet (UV) exposure appeared to be a risk factor (OR 2·4). In contrast, clinical actinic elastosis showed a protective effect (OR 0·1). Conclusions In contrast to earlier reports, clinical actinic elastosis turned out to be the only protective factor for sporadic BCC. A special relationship between wrinkling and BCC risk could not be shown. For basic research, future work should be aimed at elucidating further the different forms of collagen repair processes after intermittent and/or chronic UV exposure. The data strongly support the recommendation that a change in recreational UV exposure habits in individuals, and sunburn avoidance in particular, are necessary not only because of the increased long-term risk of melanoma, but also because of the risk of other skin cancers such as sporadic BCC.
pH‐Dependent Anticancer Drug Release from Silk Nanoparticles
Authors: F. Philipp Seib, Gregory T. Jones, Jelena Rnjak‐Kovacina, Yinan Lin, David L. Kaplan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Silk has traditionally been used as a suture material because of its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. These properties have led to the development of different silk‐based material formats for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although there have been a small number of studies about the use of silk particles for drug delivery, none of these studies have assessed the potential of silk to act as a stimulus‐responsive anticancer nanomedicine. This report demonstrates that an acetone precipitation of silk allows the formation of uniform silk nanoparticles (98 nm diameter, polydispersity index 0.109), with an overall negative surface charge (–33.6 ± 5.8 mV), in a single step. Silk nanoparticles are readily loaded with doxorubicin (40 ng doxorubicin/μg silk) and show pH‐dependent release (pH 4.5≫ 6.0 &gt; 7.4). In vitro studies with human breast cancer cell lines demonstrates that the silk nanoparticles are not cytotoxic (IC 50 &gt; 120 μg mL −1 ) and that doxorubicin‐loaded silk nanoparticles are able to overcome drug resistance mechanisms. Live cell fluorescence microscopy studies show endocytic uptake and lysosomal accumulation of silk nanoparticles. In summary, the pH‐dependent drug release and lysosomal accumulation of silk nanoparticles demonstrate the ability of drug‐loaded silk nanoparticles to serve as a lysosomotropic anticancer nanomedicine.
Chloride Wasting and Potassium Depletion
Authors: ROBERT G. LUKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 November 1970Chloride Wasting and Potassium DepletionROBERT G. LUKE, M.B., CH.B., M.R.C.P.ROBERT G. LUKE, M.B., CH.B., M.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-860_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Renal chloride wasting in severe potassium depletion in man (Garella and associates in the July 1970 issue of the ANNALS) (1) is similar to that previously described in the rat (2). These animal experiments demonstrated that a renal chloride leak occurred only after depletion of total body potassium by approximately 30%, as judged by measurements of muscle potassium, and was independent of the state of sodium balance. The development and reversal of the chloride wasting occurred coincidentally with the appearance and disappearance of marked histological changes in the collecting ducts. It was suggested that the chloride wasting...References1. GARELLACHAZANCOHEN SJJ: Saline-resistant metabolic alkalosis or "chloride-wasting nephropathy." Ann Intern Med 73:31-38, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LUKELEVITIN RH: Impaired renal conservation of chloride and the acid-base changes associated with potassium depletion in the rat. Clin Sci 32:511-526, 1967 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. BANKAYNEDJIAN NH: Micropuncture study of renal bicarbonate and chloride reabsorption in hypokalaemic alkalosis. Clin Sci 29:159-170, 1965 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. KUNAUFRICKRECTOR RAF: Micropuncture study of the proximal tubular factors responsible for the maintenance of alkalosis during potassium deficiency in the rat. Clin Sci 34:223-231, 1968 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. ISAACSVANAMEE MP: Importance of the etiology of hypokalemic alkalosis in determining replacement therapy. Metabolism 14:1169-1188, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. SCHWARTZVAN YPERSELE DE STRIHOUKASSIRER WCJ: Role of anions in metabolic alkalosis and potassium deficiency. New Eng J Med 279:630-639, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. KASSIRERSCHWARTZ JW: Correction of metabolic alkalosis in man without repair of potassium deficiency. Amer J Med 40:19-26, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of Kentucky Medical Center Lexington, Ky. 40506 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1970Volume 73, Issue 5Page: 860-861KeywordsChloridesMusclesPotassiumSodium Issue Published: 1 November 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Post-dysenteric Colitis
Authors: G. T. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1950)

ConclusionsThe most important aspect of the treatment of concealed accidental haemorrhage is the treatment of shock.Transfusion of incompatible blood and intravenous injec- tion of uncontrolled quantities of b!ood and other fluids contribute to the mortality of these patients.Routine administration of continuous oxygen, avoidance of surgical treatment capable of causing shock, and care with intravenous therapy will reduce the incidence of anuria.Certain complications, notably post-partum haemorrhage and anuria, should be anticipated, and be promptly treated if they occur.There is no place in treatment for artificial rupture of the membranes in the absence of contractions, plugging of the vagina, version, dilatation of the cervix, application of vulsellum to the scalp, and other radical procedures.Artificial rupture of the membranes, even in the presence of contractions, is dangerous without preliminary treatment of shock.Transverse lower-segment caesarean section has a small but definite place in treatment, the indication being the continued absence of contractions and progressive deteriora- tion of the patient's condition after conservative measures have been given a fair trial.I wish to thank Professor J. Chassar Moir for assistance in the preparation of this article, and Professor E. C.
Risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in cancer
Authors: William I. Fisher, Aimee K. Johnson, Gary R. Elkins, Julie L. Otte, Debra S. Burns, Menggang Yu, Janet S. Carpenter
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2013)

Abstract Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Hot flashes are prevalent and severe symptoms that can interfere with mood, sleep, and quality of life for women and men with cancer. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on the risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in individuals with cancer. Electronic searches were conducted to identify relevant English‐language literature published through June 15, 2012. Results indicated that risk factors for hot flashes in cancer include patient‐related factors (eg, age, race/ethnicity, educational level, smoking history, cardiovascular risk including body mass index, and genetics) and disease‐related factors (eg, cancer diagnosis and dose/type of treatment). In addition, although the pathophysiology of hot flashes has remained elusive, these symptoms are likely attributable to disruptions in thermoregulation and neurochemicals. Therapies that have been offered or tested fall into 4 broad categories: pharmacological, nutraceutical, surgical, and complementary/behavioral strategies. The evidence base for this broad range of therapies varies, with some treatments not yet having been fully tested or showing equivocal results. The evidence base surrounding all therapies is evaluated to enhance hot flash treatment decision‐making by clinicians and patients. CA Cancer J Clin 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Determination of gas exchange threshold by nonparametric regression.
Authors: U J Magalang, B J Grant
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The gas exchange threshold (GET) has been used an an index of anaerobic threshold because it can be measured noninvasively. GET is estimated from a breakpoint in breath by breath values of carbon dioxide uptake (Vco2) and oxygen uptake (Vo2) obtained during a progressive exercise test. Three methods of estimating GET were evaluated: (1) the original V slope method (OVS) using two adjoining standard linear regressions, (2) the modified V slope method (MVS) where the breakpoint is detected by visual inspection, and (3) a new method that we developed with nonparametric regression (NPM) using cubic splines. Simulated data were used because the existence of a breakpoint is known with certainty. Detection accuracy for OVS and MVS never exceeded 63% because of a low specificity. The detection accuracy of NPM ranged between 50 and 89% depending on the amount of noise and abruptness of the threshold, and exceeded that of OVS and MVS at low levels of noise. NPM was significantly more accurate (p < 0.05) than OVS and MVS for detecting GET except with high levels of noise. Both NPM and OVS have similar degrees of numerical accuracy and are superior to the currently used MVS method in this respect. All three methods gave similar results on 20 exercise tests. We conclude from the simulated data that NPM is more accurate than OVS and MVS at detecting GET. NPM can be applied to human data and it provides results that are consistent with OVS and MVS.
Incidence of Visual Improvement in Uveitis Cases with Visual Impairment Caused by Macular Edema
Authors: Marc H. Levin, Maxwell Pistilli, Ebenezer Daniel, Sapna S. Gangaputra, Robert B. Nussenblatt, James T. Rosenbaum, Eric B. Suhler, Jennifer E. Thorne, C. Stephen Foster, Douglas A. Jabs, Grace A. Levy-Clarke, John H. Kempen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Autofluorescence endoscopy - not much gain after all?
Authors: K. Ragunath
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

As endoscopy advances in the 21st century, the quest for identifying early gastrointestinal neoplasia is ever more extensive for the enthusiastic endoscopist. We are now moving beyond white-light endoscopy (WLE) towards newer imaging techniques that utilize the properties of light-tissue interaction [1]. When light is directed against a tissue there can be four different outcomes: reflection, scattering, absorption, and fluorescence. The phenomenon of autofluorescence occurs when a light of shorter wavelength interacts with a tissue that contains endogenous fluorophores that then emit light of longer wavelength [2]. The term "fluorophore" is applied to a number of biological substances (collagen, elastin, nicotinamide, flavin, adenine dinucleotide, and porphyrins) that are normally present in the gastrointestinal mucosa and can emit autofluorescence.
Agnes Montgomerie Knight Barron
Authors: C. M. Barron
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Agnes Montgomerie Knight (“Nancy”) was born in Glasgow and attended Hutcheson’s Grammar School for girls, where she was the dux medallist in 1937. Later that year she went to Glasgow University, where she graduated with a BSc in pure science in 1940 and qualified in medicine in October 1943. She worked at Glasgow’s Southern General Hospital as …
Dysfunctional HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Proliferation Is Associated with Increased Caspase-8 Activity and Mediated by Necroptosis
Authors: Gaurav D Gaiha, Kevin J McKim, Matthew Woods, Thomas Pertel, Janine Rohrbach, Natasha Barteneva, Christopher R Chin, Dongfang Liu, Damien Z Soghoian, Kevin Cesa, Shannon Wilton, Michael T Waring, Adam Chicoine, Travis Doering, E John Wherry, Daniel E Kaufmann, Mathias Lichterfeld, Abraham L Brass, Bruce D Walker
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Adenovirous Type 9-Induced Tumorigenesis in the Rat Mammary Gland Related to Sex Hormonal State
Authors: J. Ankerst, N. Jonsson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Adenovirus type 9 was inoculated sc into newborn Wistar/Furth rats, divided into four groups: (1) six male rats, not treated further; (2) 11 male rats, castrated at 4 weeks of age; (3) 12 male rats, castrated at 4 weeks of age and subsequently treated repeatedly with estrogen; and (4) 12 female rats, not treated further. All of the rats in group 3 developed mammary hyperplasia and tumors (fibroadenomas and lipomas), in some cases with malignant histologic structure. Rats in group 4 developed similar mammary tumors, but with later appearance and significantly slower growth. A fifth group of rats, not virus inoculated but castrated and estrogen treated as in group 3, did not develop any demonstrable mammary lesions. The results show that the effects of the virus on the mammary gland are dependent upon an estrogenic background, which by itself cannot cause tumor development in males. It is suggested that viral DNA is incorporated into the cellular DNA in such a way that it influences the synthesis and/or activity of steroid receptors, triggering tumor development.
The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Authors: Philip R. J. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In favorable circumstances, a randomized, controlled intervention trial provides a test of the hypothesis that a "risk factor" is a causal factor. It is less widely recognized that analysis of the following kinds of evidence provides further tests: (1) sex- and age-specific death rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), (2) temporal trends in point 1, (3) mortality ratios by age and sex, (4) sex and age prevalence of persons with the risk factor, and (5) where available, temporal trends in point 4. Without going into tedious detail, it will be readily appreciated that if a risk factor is a causal factor, then changes in its level with age and time or both must manifest in the sex- and age-specific death rates for CHD. Exploiting the previously mentioned kinds of evidence, our problem is to discern whether the perturbations of death rates predicted by the causal hypothesis are
Dietary sodium restriction for mild hypertension in general practice.
Authors: G C Watt, C Edwards, J T Hart, M Hart, P Walton, C J Foy
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Eighteen patients with stable mild hypertension (mean blood pressure 144/93 mm Hg) restricted their sodium intake for eight weeks while taking part in a double blind randomised crossover trial of slow sodium and placebo tablets. Mean 24 hour urinary sodium excretion was 143 mmol(mEq) during the period on slow sodium and 87 mmol during the period on placebo. Five patients were unable to reduce their sodium intake below 120 mmol, but the others had a mean 24 hour urinary sodium excretion of 59 mmol during the period on placebo. There was no significant difference in blood pressure between the slow sodium and placebo treatment periods, although the study had a power of 99% to detect a difference of 5 mm Hg in mean arterial pressure between the two periods. Moderate dietary sodium restriction does not lower blood pressure in patients with this degree of hypertension.
Minimisation is much better than the randomised block design in certain cases
Authors: T. Treasure, K. D MacRae
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In commenting on our editorial1 Ross suggests that the randomised block design is similar to minimisation but has even more power.2 We are unaware of any publication which shows that this is the case. He also states that these two methods have the same disadvantage—that assignment to a block becomes a major undertaking. In fact, minimisation …
Pentraxin 3 protects from MCMV infection and reactivation through TLR sensing pathways leading to IRF3 activation
Authors: Silvia Bozza, Francesco Bistoni, Roberta Gaziano, Lucia Pitzurra, Teresa Zelante, Pierluigi Bonifazi, Katia Perruccio, Silvia Bellocchio, Mariella Neri, Anna Maria Iorio, Giovanni Salvatori, Rita De Santis, Mario Calvitti, Andrea Doni, Cecilia Garlanda, Alberto Mantovani, Luigina Romani
Journal: Blood (2006)
Dysfunctional expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and block of myeloid differentiation in lethal sepsis
Authors: Sonia Rodriguez, Angelo Chora, Boyan Goumnerov, Christen Mumaw, W. Scott Goebel, Luis Fernandez, Hasan Baydoun, Harm HogenEsch, David M. Dombkowski, Carol A. Karlewicz, Susan Rice, Laurence G. Rahme, Nadia Carlesso
Journal: Blood (2009)
Liver sulfatide-reactive type II NKT cells recognize endogenous phospholipids
Authors: Shingo Kato, Masaki Terabe, Jay A Berzofsky
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts NKT cells are a unique population of T cells that recognize lipid antigens presented by a nonclassical MHC-like molecule CD1d. There are two types of NKT cells, type I and type II. Our group previously showed that type I NKT cells enhance and type II NKT cells suppress anti-tumor
Solitary morphoea profunda
Authors: S.J. WHITTAKER, N.P. SMITH, R. RUSSELL JONES†
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Solitary morphoea profunda Get access S.J. WHITTAKER, S.J. WHITTAKER Dermatology Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K. Dr Sean Whittaker, Dermatology Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.P. SMITH, N.P. SMITH St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. RUSSELL JONES† R. RUSSELL JONES† St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 3, 1 March 1989, Pages 431–440, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb04171.x Published: 01 March 1989
BMA meeting: Doctors' leaders condemn commercialisation of NHS
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Opposition to the commercialisation of the NHS in England was reasserted at the BMA’s annual conference in Brighton this week as a series of motions condemning the introduction of the marketplace into health care were passed with only a few dissenters.

George Rae, a GP from Whitley Bay in Northumberland and a representative of North East Council, set the tone by arguing that marketisation was “driven by political dogma” and was moving the NHS away from …
Abstract 2453: P16, a novel monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing human placental growth factor (PLGF), blocks PLGF-VEGFR1 interaction <i>in vitro</i> and inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Yiqing Xu, Hong-Qun Hu, Shi-Ping Luo, Ya-Nan Sun, Qing Zhou, Zui Chen, Xiao-Qi Song, Qunmin Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Placental growth factor play (PLGF) is a homolog of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and binds to VEGF receptor-1. Previous studies have indicated its synergistic role with VEGF in angiogenesis, while a recent study suggested its independent role in promoting growth and metastasis of VEGF-inhibitor-resistant tumors. In order to further investigate the role of PLGF in tumor angiogenesis in relationship to VEGF, we have generated a novel PLGF-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). Hybridomas secreting PLGF-specific mAbs were obtained by fusing splenocytes from mice immunized with yeast-derived recombinant human PLGF protein with Sp/20 myeloma cells; the mAb clone that showed highest binding affinity, designed as P16, was selected for further study. This P16 mAb recognizes human PLGF, in both native and denatured forms, but not VEGF-A, VEGF-B or VEGF-D. P16 mAb is of IgG1-kappa type. Sequence analysis of cDNA encoding the heavy and light chains of P16 mAb showed novel variable regions. Using P16 mAb in immunohistochemical staining assay, increased levels of PLGF protein were found in a number of human tumors from lung, breast and colon. PLGF proteins were also detected in a wide variety of normal human tissues including lung, stomach, colon and kidney, contrary to previous reports. Importantly, P16 mAb blocked the binding of PLGF to VEGFR-1 in a dose-response manner, and inhibited the PLGF-mediated endothelial cell line growth in vitro. Treatment of human tumor xenografts (A673 rhabdomyosarcoma) in nude mice with P16 mAb resulted in marked inhibition of tumor growth, which is similar in degree to the tumor inhibition by VEGF-specific antibody Bevacizumab. A humanized form of P16 mAb was constructed and showed similar inhibition of tumor growth in xenograft nude mice model. In conclusion, P16 mAb is a novel mAb specifically recognizing human PLGF but not VEGF and blocks the binding of PLGF to its receptor. It inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth, suggesting an important and independent role of PLGF in tumor growth. Further studies on its mechanisms of action and its clinical applications are under way. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2453.