tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do we owe it all to Darwin? The adequacy of evolutionary psychology as an explanation for gender differences in aggression
Authors: Candace Kruttschnitt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Gender differences in aggression are highly variable; there is significant evidence that this variability is as much a function of social and cultural conditions as evolutionary processes. While some of these conditions may reflect resource scarcities as Campbell proposes, others are inconsistent with her perspective or are explained equally well by other perspectives.
Unexpected persistence into adulthood of low wall stress in patients with congenital aortic stenosis: is there a fundamental difference in the hypertrophic response to a pressure overload present from birth?
Authors: M E Assey, T Wisenbaugh, J F Spann, P C Gillette, B A Carabello
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Congenital aortic stenosis in children is characterized by low left ventricular systolic wall stress allowing for supernormal ejection performance. In contrast, adults with acquired aortic stenosis have normal or excessive systolic wall stress resulting in either normal or subnormal ejection performance. In this study young children with congenital aortic stenosis, older children and adults with congenital aortic stenosis, and adults with acquired aortic stenosis were evaluated to test the hypothesis that the childhood pattern of low wall stress would convert to the adult pattern with advancing age. Left ventricular end systolic wall stress was lower in both congenital aortic stenosis groups when compared with that in age-matched normal subjects or adults with acquired aortic stenosis. Ejection fraction was higher in both groups of patients with congenital aortic stenosis than in age-matched controls. There was no tendency in the 16 patients with congenital aortic stenosis, some of whom were followed to the age of 33, for the congenital pattern of wall stress and ventricular performance to convert to the adult pattern. These results suggest that there is a fundamental difference in the hypertrophic response to a pressure overload present at birth compared with the response to one acquired later in life.
The serum lathosterol to cholesterol ratio, an index of cholesterol synthesis, is not elevated in patients with glomerular proteinuria and is not associated with improvement of hyperlipidemia in response to antiproteinuric treatment
Authors: Robin P.F. Dullaart, Ron T. Gansevoort, Wim J. Sluiter, Dick de Zeeuw, Paul E. de Jong
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Quantitative texture analysis in two-dimensional echocardiography: application to the diagnosis of experimental myocardial contusion.
Authors: D J Skorton, S M Collins, J Nichols, N G Pandian, J A Bean, R E Kerber
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We postulated that the analysis of regional image texture in two-dimensional (2D) echocardiograms would be an accurate method to differentiate normal from abnormal myocardial structure. We tested this hypothesis with quantitative texture measures to study the regional, spatial distribution of echo amplitudes in 2D echocardiograms performed before and immediately after blunt left chest trauma was induced in six anesthetized dogs. After trauma the contused region of myocardium appeared brighter and exhibited an altered myocardial texture. By use of a set quantitative texture measures, we found no significant differences in pretrauma images when normal regions were compared with regions to be contused. Also, we found no difference when we compared the normal regions in each animal in pretrauma vs posttrauma images. Twelve measures, however, differentiated normal from contused regions within the posttrauma images (p values ranged from .0057 to .0001 by multivariate analysis of variance). These texture measures were capable of differentiating normal from abnormal tissue only when texture along the azimuthal (lateral) direction was calculated. We conclude that regions of myocardial contusion exhibit visibly altered local echo-amplitude patterns (altered image texture) and that these image texture alterations may be quantified with digital image analysis techniques. These findings suggest that quantitative texture calculations may be a useful approach to ultrasound tissue characterization.
Plasma endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase) activity is markedly increased in cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Mark G. Swain, John Vergalla, Anthony E. Jones
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase), an enzyme known to be present in plasma and liver, is capable of metabolizing a substantial number of bioactive peptides. We measured plasma endopeptidase 24.11 activity in normal subjects and in patients with chronic hepatocellular disease or chronic cholestatic liver disease. The mean level of plasma endopeptidase 24.11 activity was 13 times higher in cholestatic patients than in controls or patients with hepatocellular disease (p < 0.01). Plasma endopeptidase 24.11 activity in patients correlated closely with traditional serum markers of cholestasis, including levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and aminopeptidase (p < 0.01 for all). However, plasma endopeptidase 24.11 activity correlated poorly with serum ALT aminotransferase level (p = NS), indicating that it is not a marker of hepatocellular disease. The lack of overlap between plasma endopeptidase 24.11 activity in cholestatic patients and noncholestatic liver disease controls suggests that this enzyme activity is a useful biochemical marker of cholestasis. In addition, because of the broad spectrum of peptides metabolized by endopeptidase 24.11, increased plasma endopeptidase 24.11 activity may contribute to the pathophysiology of the syndrome of cholestasis.
ET-29 * AN OPTIMIZED ONCOLYTIC ADENOVIRUS FOR GLIOMA THERAPY: SPECIFIC TARGETING, EFFICIENT INFECTION, AND RESTRICTED REPLICATION IN GLIOMA
Authors: J. W. Kim, J. R. Kane, J. S. Young, R. A. Morshed, A. A. Chang, A. U. Ahmed, I. V. Balyasnikova, M. S. Lesniak
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The dismal clinical context of advanced-grade glioma calls for the development of novel strategies with the potential for direct patient impact. For this, conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) represent a potentially effective approach for glioma therapy. In order to maximize the efficiency and safety of CRAds, several modifications may be instituted, including specific and efficient targeting, as well as tumor-restricted replication. A glioma-specific targeted fiber, which dictates the attachment of an adenoviral vector to a target cell, was developed and generated specific cell-targeting fibers through the incorporation of glioma- specific phage-panned peptides on a Fiber Fibritin-based Ad5 fiber, designated as ‘MGFF’. We then generated Ad5MGFF-CMV-GFP (and Survivin-E1) through a homologous recombination with pVK900. Replication-incompetent Ad5MGFF-CMV-GFP was used with 300MOI (vp/cell) to investigate glioma-specific infectivity. Conditionally replicating Ad5MGFF-SurE1 was used to test the specific oncolytic activity on Glioma. The fiber-modified Ad5MGFF shows structural stability and stable viral growth kinetics, indicating that the performed modification had no effect on viral particle formation. This glioma-specific Ad5MGFF-CMVGFP had a mean 68% infection rate in glioma cell lines while showing less than 1% infection in normal (non-neoplastic) cell lines (including normal human astrocytes) as well as other cancer cell lines. Conditionally replicating Ad5MGFF-SurE1 shows highly specific oncolytic activity on glioma cell lines. In this study, we have generated a novel glioma specific adenoviral vector (Ad5MGFF). The infection and oncolytic activity of this virus was almost exclusive in specificity to glioma. The change of tumor growth and the survival effects on glioma-bearing mice will follow.
Not becoming a communist doctor
Authors: A P Barabas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Being a medical student in Hungary in the 1950s was not straightforward for A P Barabas 

Recently, I was miraculously reunited with my “Leckekonyv” (fig1⇓). English has no satisfactory single word for a leckekonyv, but the Magyar-Angol dictionary defines it as a university registration document. Mine was issued in the autumn of 1953, and it records my progress through three years as a medical student in Budapest, Hungary.



Fig 1 Registration document issued by the medical school of Budapest in 1953; it serves as a testament to the state of medical education under communism



In 1953 Stalin died, and this triggered a power struggle in the Russian Politburo, closely mirrored by an upheaval among Hungary’s Muscovite leaders. How did the Byzantine machinations of the time affect medical students?

#### Political events in Hungary, 1945-56

My leckekonyv records the subjects we had to study during my first semester (fig 2⇓). Physics, chemistry, anatomy, and biology were taught, but we had few textbooks. This was partly because of postwar shortages but also because many of the heads of preclinical …
Lipid–protamine–DNA-mediated antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells results in enhanced anti-tumor immune responses
Authors: John Dileo, Rajkumar Banerjee, Mark Whitmore, Jayakar V Nayak, Louis D Falo, Leaf Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Vaccination with antigenic peptides encoding tumor antigens has the potential to be an effective treatment for cancer. To induce tumor-specific cellular immune responses, a peptide antigen must be presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T-cells in the lymphatic tissues. Effective in vivo delivery of peptide antigens to APCs has been problematic. Here we use a model antigen from the HPV16 E7 protein to formulate LPD/E7 particles that upon iv administration are internalized by CD11c(+) and CD11b(+) cells in the marginal zone of the spleen. Either iv or sc vaccination with LPD/E7 particles induces E7-specific CTL responses stronger than those obtained using previously described liposome/peptide strategies and prevents the establishment of E7-expressing tumors. Furthermore, the administration of LPD/E7 particles to tumor-bearing mice caused complete tumor regression in 100% of the treated animals. Based on these studies, the entrapment of peptide antigens inside LPD particles may be an effective and generally applicable strategy for the enhancement of peptide vaccine potency.
Latex allergy: new insights to explain different sensitization profiles in different risk groups
Authors: C. Peixinho, P. Tavares-Ratado, M.R. Tomás, L. Taborda-Barata, C.T. Tomaz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Differences in latex allergen sensitization profiles have been described between children subjected to repetitive surgical interventions and health care workers (HCW). 'Major' allergens for patients with spina bifida are Hev b 1, 3 and 7, while for HCW, 'major' allergens are Hev b 2, 5, 6.01 and 13. The reason for these differential sensitization profiles is currently unknown.To investigate latex allergen profiles on internal and external surfaces of natural rubber latex gloves.Eighty-two samples of commonly used surgical gloves (41 glove brands) were used for analysis. Specific allergen levels of Hev b 1, 3, 5 and 6.02 on both surfaces of the gloves were quantified using an enzyme immunometric assay, a FITkit (FIT Biotech, Tampere, Finland).Differences in allergen levels were observed between internal and external surfaces of all glove types. Concentrations of Hev b 1 and Hev b 3 were significantly higher on external surfaces, while internal surfaces had higher allergen levels of Hev b 5 and Hev b 6.02. Analysis of surgical and examination gloves, powdered and nonpowdered gloves also showed that the content of Hev b 5 and Hev b 6.02 was significantly higher on internal surfaces while that of Hev b 1 and Hev b 3 was higher on external surfaces.Our study showed different allergen profiles on internal and external surfaces of natural rubber latex gloves. These results may suggest a relationship between latex allergen localization and sensitization routes in different risk groups.
Variation of Proliferative Activity in Leukemic Cell Populations of Patients with Acute Leukemia*
Authors: E. F. Saunders, B. C. Lampkin, A. M. Mauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

In 31 children with acute leukemia, the proliferative activity of the leukemic marrow cell population as measured by mitotic and labeling indexes varied widely from patient to patient and from one disease stage to another. Leukemic marrow had a small but statistically significant diurnal variation of proliferative activity. Changes in labeling indexes were directly related to changes in the proportion of large dividing blasts in the marrow. Generation times of dividing leukemic blast cells in 3 patients were similar at diagnosis and in relapse. Changes in proliferative activity of leukemic marrow can be explained by progressive accumulation of nondividing leukemic cells.
Attempts to Recruit Stem Cells for Repair of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Robert A. Kloner
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of Venlafaxine Extended-Release Capsules in Nondepressed Outpatients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Alan J. Gelenberg, R. Bruce Lydiard, Richard L. Rudolph, Loren Aguiar, J. Thomas Haskins, Eliseo Salinas
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic disorder that is associated with debilitating psychic and somatic symptoms. Venlafaxine extended-release (XR) capsules have been shown to be effective in short-term treatment of patients with GAD without major depressive disorder (MDD), but long-term data are needed to establish whether this agent confers persistent benefits.ObjectiveTo compare the 6-month efficacy and safety of a flexible dosage of venlafaxine XR in outpatients with GAD without associated MDD.DesignSix-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted May 1996 to October 1997.SettingFourteen outpatient clinics and private psychiatric practices in the United States.ParticipantsA total of 251 outpatients aged 18 years or older who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for GAD, had sufficient symptoms to require treatment, and did not have coexisting MDD.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (n=127) or venlafaxine XR (75, 150, or 225 mg/d, as required to control symptoms; n=124) for 28 weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges from baseline in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) total score, the HAM-A psychic anxiety factor score, and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale Severity of Illness and Global Improvement scores, compared by intervention group.ResultsDuring weeks 6 through 28, response rates in the venlafaxine XR group were 69% or higher compared with rates of 42% to 46% in the placebo group (P<.001). By an evaluable-patient analysis, venlafaxine XR compared with placebo significantly improved anxiety scores from week 1 or 2 through week 28 on all primary efficacy measures, including the HAM-A total (P<.001), the HAM-A psychic anxiety factor (P<.001), and the CGI scale scores (P<.001). Adjusted mean changes from baseline to week 28 using last-observation-carried-forward methods were for HAM-A, venlafaxine XR −13.4, placebo −8.7 (P<.001); for HAM-A psychic anxiety score, venlafaxine XR −7.4, placebo −4.2 (P<.001); and for CGI-Improvement, venlafaxine XR 2.2, placebo 3.0 (P<.001). The most common treatment-emergent adverse event was nausea, followed by somnolence and dry mouth.ConclusionsThis study is the first placebo-controlled demonstration of the long-term efficacy of any drug class in treating outpatients with DSM-IV–diagnosed GAD. Venlafaxine XR is an effective, rapidly acting, safe, once-daily agent for both the short- and long-term treatment of anxiety and may provide an important alternative to currently available anxiolytics.
Megaloblastic Anemia of Pregnancy Simulating Acute Leukemia
Authors: PAUL H. LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Two patients had megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy, presenting with histories and bone marrow smears compatible with acute granulocytic leukemia. A review of the reported cases of acute leukemia in pregnancy indicates the difficulty in making a definitive diagnosis on the basis of clinical history and smears of the blood and bone marrow. The role of concurrent iron deficiency in obscuring the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia is suggested. A brief trial of folic acid and vitamin B12 is indicated in all patients with equivocal marrow findings or the possibility of vitamin deficiency.
Drug abuse: a new problem.
Authors: S S Walsh, A M Pierce, C A Hart
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Adult polycystic kidney disease and intracranial aneurysmsWe describe for the first time a family whose three members all had adult polycystic kidney disease and intracranial aneurysms. Case reportsCase I-A 34 year old man presented in 1981 with accelerated hypertension.Renal ultrasonography confirmed that he had polycystic kidneys.In 1985 he was admitted with a subarachnoid haemorrhage.Neurosurgery showed a right cerebral haematoma, probably from an intracranial aneurysm.This was evacuated, but he died soon afterwards.Case 2-A 39 year old woman, the sister of the patient in case 1, presented in 1978 with a subarachnoid haemorrhage.Cerebral arteriography showed bilateral intracranial aneurysms, but she was managed conservatively.In 1983 intravenous pyelography showed that she had polycystic kidneys.In 1986 she had a prolonged grand mal fit, and subsequently her renal function deteriorated.She was referred for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and remained well.Case 3-A 36 year old man, the brother of the patients in cases 1 and 2, presented in 1978 with haematuria.Intravenous urography showed that he had polycystic kidneys.In 1986 his family history became known and he underwent elective cerebral digital subtraction angiography, which showed an aneurysm 6 mm in diameter of the right middle cerebral artery (figure).This was clipped, and he remained well.Cerebral digital subtraction angiography showing aneurysm at trifurcation ofright middle cerebral artery.
Number of uninsured middle class US citizens grows
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An increasing number of US citizens with modest to moderate incomes lack health insurance or have had gaps in coverage, a study has shown. In 2001, 28% of people with household incomes of $20 000 to $40 000 (£22 000; €32 000) lacked insurance for at least part of the year. By 2005, the proportion was …
Pathophysiology and Techniques of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1982)

After four prospective randomized studies have finally proved that coronary bypass surgery prolongs life in many subsets of patients, an illusion has arisen that cardiac surgery is routine and unproblematic. A book revealing the vacuities and turgidities in knowledge about pump pathophysiology is thus a welcome corrective. Many chapters enhance one's sense of the complexities, eg, how bypass alters platelet function or when a high Hill coefficient becomes disadvantageous for oxygen delivery. While no essay neglects the space between the conventional and the experimental, those about synthetic bloods and how other species handle acid-base problems during hypothermia remain as calls for further investigation rather than practical treatises. Pragmatists will learn why hyperkalemia rather than the usual hypokalemia may become an intraoperative problem if propranolol hydrochloride administration is continued until the last preoperative minute. Besides potassium kinetics, the chapter on how bypass alters pharmacologic interventions is particularly helpful. Plasma concentrations of
HIV infection induces changes in CD4+ T-cell phenotype and depletions within the CD4+ T-cell repertoire that are not immediately restored by antiviral or immune-based therapies
Authors: Mark Connors, Joseph A. Kovacs, Seth Krevat, Juan C. Gea-Banacloche, Michael C. Sneller, Mark Flanigan, Julia A. Metcalf, Robert E. Walker, Judith Falloon, Michael Baseler, Randy Stevens, Irwin Feuerstein, Henry Masur, H. Clifford Lane
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Advances in the screening and treatment of ovarian cancer
Authors: C. D. Runowicz
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1992)

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologicmalignancies. This article reviews the newer chemotherapeutic agents andtreatment strategies available to the practicing clinician. Also discussedare the benefits and shortfalls of the various options for screening, suchas ultrasound and tumor markers, as well as the data supporting oralcontraceptives and the controversy surrounding prophylacticoophorectomy.
Understanding the Nano‐topography Changes and Cellular Influences Resulting from the Surface Adsorption of Human Hair Keratins
Authors: Francesca Taraballi, Shuai Wang, Jian Li, Fiona Yann Yann Lee, Subbu S. Venkatraman, William R. Birch, Swee Hin Teoh, Freddy Yin Chiang Boey, Kee Woei Ng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Recent interest in the use of human hair keratins as a biomaterial has grown, fuelled by improvements in keratin extraction methods and better understanding of keratin bioactivity. The use of keratins as a bioactive coating for in vitro cell culture studies is an attractive proposition. In this light, the surface adsorption of human hair keratins onto tissue culture polystyrene surfaces has been investigated. Keratin density, nano-topography and hydrophobicity of keratin coated surfaces were characterized. To understand the cellular influence of these coated surfaces, murine L929 fibroblasts were cultured on them and evaluated for cytotoxicity, proliferation, metabolic activity and detachment behaviors compared to collagen type 1 coated surfaces. Keratins were deposited up to a density of 650 ng/cm(2) when a coating concentration of 80 μg/ml or higher was used. The surface features formed by adsorbed keratins also changed in a coating concentration dependent manner. These surfaces improved L929 mouse fibroblast adhesion and proliferation in comparison to uncoated and collagen type 1 coated tissue culture polystyrene. Furthermore, the expression of fibronectin was accelerated on surfaces coated with solutions of higher keratin concentrations. These results suggest that human hair keratins can be used as a viable surface coating material to enhance substrate compliance for culturing cells.