tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High frequency of clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangements in acute myelogenous leukemia expressing terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase.
Authors: S V Seremetis, P G Pelicci, A Tabilio, A Ubriaco, F Grignani, J Cuttner, R J Winchester, D M Knowles, R Dalla-Favera
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Ig and T cell receptor rearrangements have been used as irreversible markers of lineage and clonality in the study of B- and T-lymphoid populations. We have addressed the issue of lymphoid lineage specificity of these rearrangements by analyzing a panel of 25 TdT- acute myelogenous leukemias, 13 TdT+ AMLs, and 4 TdT+ undifferentiated leukemias. We report that while gene rearrangements represent extremely rare events in classical TdT- AML (less than 8%), rearrangements of either the Ig or T beta locus or both were detectable in the majority of the TdT+ AMLs (greater than 60%), and rearrangements of both loci were detectable in all of the TdT+ undifferentiated leukemias. These data demonstrate a significant association between TdT expression and Ig or T beta gene rearrangements even outside the lymphoid lineage, further supporting a role for TdT in Ig and T cell receptor gene assembly. These data also indicate that a coordinated program of lymphoid gene expression involving TdT-CD7-expression and Ig/T beta rearrangements can be activated before myeloid commitment. Whether the activation of this program represents a normal, albeit rare, event in early myelopoiesis or a transformation-related event present only in leukemic cells remains to be determined.
Commissioning Health Care in England: An Evolving Story
Authors: Norma O'Flynn, Jonathan Potter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

The general election in the United Kingdom in May 2010 resulted in the election of a new government, a coalition between Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties. Six weeks after the election, a white paper, "Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS," that proposed profound changes to the structure and organization of the health service was published. The change that generated the most discussion was the proposal that general practitioners be placed at the center of the system and given control of about 80% of the National Health Service's £100 billion budget. The proposals were greeted with considerable concern by many health care professionals, patient representatives, and the media. In response, the government organized an independent review, and proposals have been altered in response. This article outlines the current organization of the National Health Service, the rationale for change, and government proposals.
Technology in the Hospital: Transforming Patient Care in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: M. Humphreys
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Technology, History "Don't you want to check my urine?" As a practitioner with training in costeffective care, I find it difficult to justify the expense of a urinalysis for the "in to get a Pap smear and birth control" set who make up much of my managed care clinic, especially when a blood glucose test has already been ordered. For patients without urinary complaints or risk for malignancy, there really is little reason to do so. So why do patients, school bus driver physicals, and college entrance exam forms all demand such arcana as the urine specific gravity? Joel Howell's fascinating look at the introduction of medical technology into the hospital between 1900 and 1925 elucidates the process by which certain tests became "routine," even when there was little evident usefulness for them. After a meticulous analysis of hospital records drawn from two institutions (in New York City and Philadelphia),
Dissociation between Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Allergic Asthma
Authors: EMANUELE CRIMI, ANTONIO SPANEVELLO, MARGHERITA NERI, PHILIP W. IND, GIOVANNI A. ROSSI, VITO BRUSASCO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

In asthma, the acute increment of airway responsiveness caused by exposure to allergen is associated with influx of eosinophils into the airways. The relationship between chronic airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation is unclear, as they do not change consistently following long-term anti-inflammatory treatments. We studied 71 patients with chronic asthma and allergic sensitizization to perennial allergens. Airway responsiveness was determined by inhalation of methacholine, and airway inflammation was quantified by induced sputum (n = 28) or bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 43) and bronchial biopsy (n = 20). The relationships between airway responsiveness and the numbers of different inflammatory cells were assessed by multiple regression analysis. No significant correlations were found between the degree of airway responsiveness and the numbers of inflammatory cells in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial biopsy. By contrast, baseline lung function was inversely related to the numbers of eosinophils and directly related to the numbers of macrophages. The eosinophil cationic protein contents of either sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly correlated with the percentages of eosinophils but not with airway responsiveness. We suggest that other factors (e.g., airway wall remodeling or autonomic dysfunction) may be responsible for most of the interindividual variability of airway responsiveness in asthma.
HLA-B27–Restricted Antigen Presentation in the Absence of Tapasin Reveals Polymorphism in Mechanisms of HLA Class I Peptide Loading
Authors: Chen Au Peh, Scott R Burrows, Megan Barnden, Rajiv Khanna, Peter Cresswell, Denis J Moss, James McCluskey
Journal: Immunity (1998)

Tapasin is a resident ER protein believed to be critical for antigen presentation by HLA class I molecules. We demonstrate that allelic variation in MHC class I molecules influences their dependence on tapasin for peptide loading and antigen presentation. HLA-B*2705 molecules achieve high levels of surface expression and present specific viral peptides in the absence of tapasin. In contrast, HLA-B*4402 molecules are highly dependent upon human tapasin for these functions, while HLA-B8 molecules are intermediate in this regard. Significantly, HLA-B*2705 like HLA-B*4402, requires tapasin to associate efficiently with TAP (transporters associated with antigen processing). The unusual ability of HLA-B*2705 to form peptide complexes without associating with TAP or tapasin confers flexibility in the repertoire of peptides presented by this molecule. We speculate that these properties might contribute to the role of HLA-B27 in conferring susceptibility to inflammatory spondyloarthropathies.
Effectiveness of Oral Hydration in the Prevention of Contrast-İnduced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Şükrü Akyüz, Barış Güngör, Barış Yaylak, Selçuk Yazıcı, Ahmet Ekmekçi, Kıvılcım Özden, Gültekin Karakuş, Mehmet Karaca, Tuğba Kemaloğlu Öz, Servet Altay, Neşe Çam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Case of Permanent Closure of the Jaws: Cured after the lapse of five years, by Division of the Masseter
Authors: W. Fergusson
Journal: BMJ (1842)

PIRESSI'RE ON TIIE BRAIN.HIaing strutck another in the same way, Whilst it struggled, I pressed uipoIn the head, so as to drive in its bones; the struggling immediately ceased.In the oine case, irregular action was going oIn in the braiii; in the other case, all actioni of that part was immediately stopped.18. Boy with fractured skull is more sensible; his pulse is quicker thani natural.SCALD.A man, aged 60, was brought inito the hospital last inight, who had fallen inlto a copper of boiling wort.T'he wlhole surface of his body was scalded, anid de- nuded of cuticle.Hlis pulse quick anld excessively small.Pain in his bowels; anxiety; restlessness.Ordered opium.
Case of Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated transformation of mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Teruhiko Terasawa, Haruhiko Ohashi, Makoto Utsumi, Keitaro Tsushita, Tomohiro Kinoshita, Shigeo Nakamura, Hidehiko Saito
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

We report here a case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in a patient who, following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, developed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed as having MCL with clinical stage IIIA in July 1990. After treatment with a third-generation chemotherapy without response, she was kept under observation for 8 years. In January 1999, fever and night sweats appeared with laboratory evidence for EBV infection, and acute swelling of lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly developed in May 1999. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of DLBCL. Sequence analysis of the complementarity-determining region (CDR)-III of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene demonstrated clonal identity between the initial MCL and the subsequent DLBCL. Immunohistochemistry revealed that cyclin D1, CD5, and CD20 were expressed in the MCL but lost in the DLBCL cells, and EBER-ISH confirmed that EBV infection was absent in the former but present in the latter. Southern hybridization with the EBV terminal repeat probe showed a clear monoclonal pattern in the DLBCL specimen. All these results suggest that EBV infection may have been the molecular event that caused transformation of MCL cell(s) to DLBCL in this case. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first well-documented case of EBV-associated transformation of MCL.
Transcription-Induced Mutational Strand Bias and Its Effect on Substitution Rates in Human Genes
Authors: C. F. Mugal, H.-H. von Grunberg, M. Peifer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

If substitution rates are not the same on the two complementary DNA strands, a substitution is considered strand asymmetric. Such substitutional strand asymmetries are determined here for the three most frequent types of substitution on the human genome (C → T, A → G, and G → T). Substitution rate differences between both strands are estimated for 4,590 human genes by aligning all repeats occurring within the introns with their ancestral consensus sequences. For 1,630 of these genes, both coding strand and noncoding strand rates could be compared with rates in gene-flanking regions. All three rates considered are found to be on average higher on the coding strand and lower on the transcribed strand in comparison to their values in the gene-flanking regions. This finding points to the simultaneous action of rate-increasing effects on the coding strand—such as increased adenine and cytosine deamination—and transcription-coupled repair as a rate-reducing effect on the transcribed strand. The common behavior of the three rates leads to strong correlations of the rate asymmetries: Whenever one rate is strand biased, the other two rates are likely to show the same bias. Furthermore, we determine all three rate asymmetries as a function of time: the A → G and G → T rate asymmetries are both found to be constant in time, whereas the C → T rate asymmetry shows a pronounced time dependence, an observation that explains the difference between our results and those of an earlier work by Green et al. (2003. Transcription-associated mutational asymmetry in mammalian evolution. Nat Genet. 33:514–517.). Finally, we show that in addition to transcription also the replication process biases the substitution rates in genes.
Rectal bleeding: prevalence and consultation behaviour
Authors: A. Crosland, R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine prevalence of rectal bleeding in the community and to examine factors that lead some patients to consult their general practitioner about rectal bleeding while others do not. <b>Design</b>: Questionnaire survey followed by semistructured interviews of sample of respondents with rectal bleeding. <b>Setting</b>: Two general practices on Tyneside. <b>Subjects</b>: 2000 adult patients registered with the general practices were sent a validated questionnaire. Respondents with rectal bleeding were divided into consulters and non-consulters, and 30 patients from each group (matched for age, sex, and characteristics of bleeding) were interviewed. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence of rectal bleeding, proportion of subjects with rectal bleeding who sought medical advice, and reasons for consulting or not consulting a doctor about rectal bleeding. <b>Results</b>: 287 of the 1200 respondents to the questionnaire had noticed rectal bleeding at some time in their lives, and 231 had noticed it within previous 12 months. Only 118 (41%) of all respondents with rectal bleeding had ever sought medical advice for the problem. Those aged over 60 were most likely to have consulted, as were those who reported blood mixed with their stools. Main difference between those who had sought medical advice and those who had not was that consulters were more likely than non-consulters to perceive their symptoms as serious. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although rectal bleeding is common, only minority of patients seek medical advice for their bleeding. Perception of seriousness of symptoms seems to be most important factor in deciding whether to consult a doctor for rectal bleeding.
Perinatal antibiotic-induced shifts in gut microbiota have differential effects on inflammatory lung diseases
Authors: Shannon L Russell, Matthew J Gold, Lisa A Reynolds, Benjamin P Willing, Pedro Dimitriu, Lisa Thorson, Stephen A Redpath, Georgia Perona-Wright, Marie-Renée Blanchet, William W Mohn, B Brett Finlay, Kelly M McNagny
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Proinflammatory response of human leukemic cells to dsRNA transfection linked to activation of dendritic cells
Authors: E L J M Smits, P Ponsaerts, A L R Van de Velde, A Van Driessche, N Cools, M Lenjou, G Nijs, D R Van Bockstaele, Z N Berneman, V F I Van Tendeloo
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Metabolism and excretion of 2-ethoxyethanol in the adult male rat.
Authors: K L Cheever, H B Plotnick, D E Richards, W W Weigel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The routes of 14C excretion following the administration of a single oral 230 mg/kg body weight dose of 2-ethoxyethanol [ethanol-1,2-14C] or 2-ethoxyethanol [ethoxy-1-14C] to male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Elimination of the 14C by the urinary route accounted for 76 to 80% of the dose within 96 hr. The main pathway of biotransformation is oxidation to the corresponding acid, with some subsequent conjugation of the acid metabolite with glycine. The major metabolites, ethoxyacetic acid and N-ethoxy-acetyl glycine, representing 73 to 76% of the administered dose, were eliminated in the urine. The major difference in the metabolic profiles of the two radiochemicals was in the rate and amount of 14CO2 expired via the lung. Of the administered 14C, 11.7% of the ethoxy-labeled and 4.6% of the ethanol-labeled compounds were eliminated as CO2. The biological half-time was 9.9 +/- 1.5 hr for the ethoxy-labeled compound and 12.5 +/- 1.9 hr for the ethanol label. After administration of the ethanol-labeled compound, the only radiolabeled component found in the rat testes was identified as ethoxyacetic acid. Results of this study suggest that the reported testicular effects in the rat may be a result of tissue levels of ethoxyacetic acid.
Lectures on the Malarial Fevers.
Authors: William Sydney Thayer, William Sydney Thayer Thayer
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15666: A Splice Site Insertion in FGF12 is Associated with Ventricular Arrhythmias in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Shengchuan Dai, Haider Mehdi, Indrani Halder, Madhurmeet Singh, Rebecca Gutmann, Heather L Bloom, Samuel C Dudley, Patrick T Ellinor, Alaa Shalaby, Raul Weiss, Jeanne M Nerbonne, Barry London
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: The intracellular fibroblast growth factors (iFGFs) are novel regulators of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels. iFGF12 is robustly expressed in human ventricle and may alter cardiac ...
Delayed Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: James R. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 November 1999Delayed Treatment of Bacterial MeningitisJames R. Johnson, MDJames R. Johnson, MDUniversity of Minnesota; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Minneapolis, MN 55417 (Johnson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-9-199911020-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Aronin and colleagues (1) purport to show that a delay in institution of antimicrobial therapy for patients with acute bacterial meningitis after initial presentation to the emergency department is associated with disease progression and worsened clinical outcomes. However, such evidence is absent from their report. Their Table 6 shows that patients whose clinical status deteriorated between presentation and institution of antimicrobial therapy did have worse ultimate outcomes than patients whose level of illness remained stable until antimicrobial therapy began, but no data associating worsening clinical status with delayed antimicrobial therapy are presented.For all one can glean ...Reference1. Aronin AI, Peduzzi P, Quagliarello VJ. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis: risk stratification for adverse clinical outcome and effect of antibiotic timing. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:862-9. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Minnesota; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Minneapolis, MN 55417 (Johnson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAntibiotic treatment delay and outcome in acute bacterial meningitisClinical Features of Bacterial Meningitis in Italy: a Multicenter Prospective Observational StudyAdult bacterial meningitis: aetiology, penicillin susceptibility, risk factors, prognostic factors and guidelines for empirical antibiotic treatment 2 November 1999Volume 131, Issue 9Page: 715KeywordsAntibioticsAntimicrobialsBacterial diseasesBacterial meningitisEmergency department Issue Published: 2 November 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
VEGFR-1 Expressed by Malignant Melanoma-Initiating Cells Is Required for Tumor Growth
Authors: Natasha Y. Frank, Tobias Schatton, Soo Kim, Qian Zhan, Brian J. Wilson, Jie Ma, Karim R. Saab, Veronika Osherov, Hans R. Widlund, Martin Gasser, Ana-Maria Waaga-Gasser, Thomas S. Kupper, George F. Murphy, Markus H. Frank
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Melanoma growth is driven by malignant melanoma-initiating cells (MMIC) identified by expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) member ABCB5. ABCB5(+) melanoma subpopulations have been shown to overexpress the vasculogenic differentiation markers CD144 (VE-cadherin) and TIE1 and are associated with CD31(-) vasculogenic mimicry (VM), an established biomarker associated with increased patient mortality. Here we identify a critical role for VEGFR-1 signaling in ABCB5(+) MMIC-dependent VM and tumor growth. Global gene expression analyses, validated by mRNA and protein determinations, revealed preferential expression of VEGFR-1 on ABCB5(+) tumor cells purified from clinical melanomas and established melanoma lines. In vitro, VEGF induced the expression of CD144 in ABCB5(+) subpopulations that constitutively expressed VEGFR-1 but not in ABCB5(-) bulk populations that were predominantly VEGFR-1(-). In vivo, melanoma-specific shRNA-mediated knockdown of VEGFR-1 blocked the development of ABCB5(+) VM morphology and inhibited ABCB5(+) VM-associated production of the secreted melanoma mitogen laminin. Moreover, melanoma-specific VEGFR-1 knockdown markedly inhibited tumor growth (by > 90%). Our results show that VEGFR-1 function in MMIC regulates VM and associated laminin production and show that this function represents one mechanism through which MMICs promote tumor growth.
Trials of home mechanical ventilation in COPD: what have we learnt?
Authors: P B Murphy, N Hart
Journal: Thorax (2014)

Chronic respiratory failure following an acute exacerbation of COPD is associated with excess morbidity and mortality1 and, empirically, the use of long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to treat the chronic respiratory failure to improve outcome is a rational therapeutic option. Although detailed physiological studies have demonstrated a reduction in the arterial pCO2 by managing sleep disordered breathing and enhancing sleep quality, previous randomised controlled trials have failed to translate physiological improvement into a clinical benefit.2–4 Despite the lack of clinical trial evidence supporting the addition of NIV to standard treatment, including long-term oxygen therapy,5 ,6 there has remained widespread clinical enthusiasm in the UK and Europe for the use of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) for the treatment of COPD in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure.7 The largest RCT of HMV in stable hypercapnic COPD patients, published previously in the journal, reported a limited mortality benefit.6 This trial only randomised 144 patients instead of an intended 200, due to the challenges in recruitment of these sick COPD patients with advanced disease. There was no difference in 2-year mortality, the primary outcome, however, a survival difference was apparent with data adjustment for important baseline variables such as pCO2, arterial pO2 and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Of major clinical relevance in terms of cost effectiveness, this mortality advantage had to be offset by the detrimental effect of the intervention on HRQL.

Although there are currently limited data to support the clinical and cost effectiveness of NIV in patients with COPD, it must be highlighted that these data have provided detailed insight, which have been useful in the development of further trials. Indeed, we must consider that the failure of NIV to enhance the clinical outcome in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure is …
An Address ON THE NATURE OF PREGNANCY AND ITS PRACTICAL BEARINGS: Given to the York Medical Society
Authors: J. W. Ballantyne
Journal: BMJ (1914)

IT is, perhaps, a somewhat remarkable fact that now, in tthe second decade of the twentieth century, there should still be so many regions in the domain of pregnancy which call for investigation and exploration.Nothing in the whole circuit of medicine is more certain than tllis or mnore capable of immediate proof.It is possible that some