tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HEREDITARY DYSTROPHY OF THE HAIR AND NAILS
Authors: A. WILMOT JACOBSEN
Journal: JAMA (1928)

A survey of the literature on rare anomalies of the skin and its appendages makes it evident that one of the rarest is congenital alopecia. Congenital dystrophies of the nails of the hands and feet are likewise very unusual. The association of these two defects as a hereditary condition has been reported in only four families. In this paper I record a fifth family group showing this condition. Two members of this family have been examined. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —B. B., a white girl, aged 7, seen in the outpatient department of the Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Dec. 31, 1926, was an only child. She had been delivered by cesarean section. She developed normally, and had measles, chickenpox, pneumonia and diphtheria, all with good recovery. The child was born without hair, but since birth there had been a sparse but steadily increasing growth of hair on
Pulmonary Surfactant, Lung Function, and Endobronchial Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Matthias Griese, Robert Essl, Reinhold Schmidt, Ernst Rietschel, Felix Ratjen, Manfred Ballmann, Karl Paul
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is primarily a disease of the small airways. We hypothesized that even in patients with normal lung function, a reduced surfactant function would be present and favor small airway obstruction. Bronchoalveolar lavages from 76 patients with CF (5-31 years, median 11) with well-conserved lung function (FEV1 94% predicted, range 78-121) and from 10 healthy control subjects were investigated. The deviation of the biophysical surfactant performance from normal, assessed in a bubble surfactometer, was small; however, the ability of the surfactant to maintain the patency of a narrow airway (% open) was significantly reduced. Surfactant protein (SP)-C level was increased, SP-B and SP-D were unchanged, whereas SP-A was decreased. Among the patients with CF, neutrophilic inflammation was modestly related to a poorer surfactant activity, but not to lung function. SP-D was reduced in proportion to the degree of inflammation and in the presence of bacteria. These findings in a large cohort of patients with CF with normal lung function show that the endobronchial airway inflammation is linked to early perturbations of the biophysical properties and immunologic components of pulmonary surfactant and opens fields for novel therapeutic interventions.
Serum free thyroxine in pregnancy.
Authors: O Djahanbakhch
Journal: BMJ (1979)

was about two-and-a-half times as large as the corresponding US study from the National Institute of Child Health and Development7 8 and at least as much care was taken to avoid biased assessments as in that study; there were no matched controls in the Canadian study.9It would thus not be surprising if the MRC study proved to be a more sensitive indicator of the possible risks of amniocentesis than either of the other two.The findings, which differ in several respects from those of the US study, certainly deserve more careful consideration than this premature and sweeping dismissal from the United States accorded them.
Nutrient Biofortification of Food Crops
Authors: Kendal D. Hirschi
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2009)

Plant-based foods offer an array of nutrients that are essential for human nutrition and promote good health. However, the major staple crops of the world are often deficient in some of these nutrients. Traditional agricultural approaches can marginally enhance the nutritional value of some foods, but the advances in molecular biology are rapidly being exploited to engineer crops with enhanced key nutrients. Nutritional targets include elevated mineral content, improved fatty acid composition, increased amino acid levels, and heightened antioxidant levels. Unfortunately, in many cases the benefits of these “biofortified” crops to human nutrition have not been demonstrated.
A STUDY OF THE HERING-BREUER REFLEX
Authors: Richmond L. Moore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Cutting one vagus nerve, while recording the pulmonary ventilation of each lung separately, has no unique effect on the ventilation of the denervated lung. Both lungs respond to unilateral vagotomy by an equivalent slowing and deepening of respiratory movement. 2. When the bronchus to one lung is blocked the first effect is a slowing and deepening of the respiratory movements recorded by the opposite lung. As oxygen want develops these movements become rapid and shallow. 3. With a combination of these two conditions, i.e., when the bronchus to one lung is blocked and its vagus nerve is severed, the pulmonary ventilation recorded by the opposite lung exhibits the same changes as may result from unilateral vagotomy alone, unaccompanied by occlusion of the bronchus. 4. From these facts it may be concluded that the slowing and deepening of breathing which follows unilateral vagotomy does not depend for its occurrence upon the passage of air in and out of the bronchus of the lung whose vagus nerve has been sectioned. 5. The slowing of respirations after occlusion of the bronchus to one lung and section of the corresponding vagus nerve still occurs even though the phrenic nerve on the same side has been divided. This indicates that the slowing of respirations following unilateral vagotomy does not depend on the movements of the diaphragm on the side of vagal section. 6. When the pulmonary artery to one lung has been ligated and the vagus nerve on the same side cut, the response of the other lung is the same as has been described, namely, its respiratory movements become slower and deeper. This is taken as evidence that the results of unilateral vagotomy are not dependent upon an intact pulmonary circulation. 7. The general conclusions from these experiments are that the slowing and deepening of respirations following unilateral vagotomy do not depend upon: (a) Passage of air in and out of the trachea. (b) Expansion and collapse of the lung. (c) Existence of a normal pulmonary circulation in the vagotomized lung. (d) Normal fluctuations in alveolar carbon dioxide tension, (e) Contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm on the side of vagotomy. 8. The slowing and deepening of respirations, alluded to, may be presumed to indicate that a normal reflex (the Hering-Breuer reflex) has been interrupted. Since this interruption occurs in spite of all the conditions enumerated under Paragraph 7, we must conclude that none of these conditions is essential to the existence of this reflex.
Abstract B66: Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhances TRAIL-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma
Authors: Zachary F. Zimmerman, Andy J. Chien, Randall T. Moon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract TNF receptor apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) can induce apoptosis in tumor cells with limited toxicity to normal tissue. TRAIL based therapy is promising; however, melanomas are often resistant to TRAIL induced apoptosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in melanoma is linked to patient survival, apoptosis, and pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in melanoma with Wnt ligand or small molecules on sensitivity to TRAIL induced apoptosis. Treatment of melanoma cell lines with the canonical Wnt ligand Wnt3a strongly enhanced apoptosis induced by recombinant human TRAIL at doses as low as 10 ng/mL as measured by binding of Annexin V or cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP1. Knockdown by siRNA of β-catenin, the ultimate downstream effector of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway completely abrogated this effect. Treatment with the GSK3-β inhibitor CHIR99021, a small molecule activator of the Wnt pathway, also enhanced sensitivity to TRAIL. Furthermore, the HMG-COA reductase inhibitor simvastatin, a known Wnt enhancer, significantly increased TRAIL sensitivity in a β-catenin dependent fashion. Treatment of melanoma cells with Wnt3a resulted in increased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins BIM and PUMA as well as reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. Together these results suggest that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a promising novel strategy to overcome resistance to TRAIL in melanoma and warrants exploration of combinatorial therapy with Wnt and TRAIL agonists.
Bullous Myringitis and Atypical Pneumonia
Authors: T. Jacob John
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Ear involvement in primary atypical pneumonia was observed by Curnen et al, who recorded two instances of nonsuppurative otitis media among 106 patients.<sup>1</sup>Among 52 volunteers infected with<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, Rifkind et al reported 13 with myringitis.<sup>2</sup>Two had hemorrhagic bullous myringitis, one with and the other without primary atypical pneumonia. Two children with unilateral otitis media and one child with unilateral bullous myringitis with<i>M pneumoniae</i>infection were reported by Sobeslavsky et al.<sup>3</sup>These three patients had upperrespiratory tract infection, but no pneumonia. Thus there have been only three cases of bullous myringitis due to<i>M pneumoniae</i>reported: two due to experimental infection and one due to natural infection. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 50-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital on June 5, 1966, with a history of fever, cough, and a tight feeling in the chest for ten days. He
Lymphoproliferative malignancy in rheumatoid arthritis: a study of 20 cases.
Authors: D P Symmons, M Ahern, P A Bacon, C F Hawkins, P L Amlot, E L Jones, P Prior, D L Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

A series of 20 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis who subsequently developed a lymphoproliferative malignancy are described. The mean time between the onset of the 2 diseases was 13.2 years. A wide range of types of non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma and Hodgkin9s disease were found; there were no unusual histological features in the lymphomas. Although many of the patients had had gold, penicillamine, and other second-line drugs, none of them had received cytotoxic drugs, and there was no evidence that therapy was a cause of their malignancies. The likely cause of the association is a predisposition to both diseases.
New Knowledge for Primary Care: A Glimpse at General Practice Research in Great Britain
Authors: ALVIN I. MUSHLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

In 1948 the National Health Service in Great Britain designated primary care to be the responsibility of the general practice branch of the medical profession. This responsibility for primary care has stimulated the development of a research agenda to improve the care given to ambulatory patients. Academic units of general practice have been established in most British medical schools, and office practices are often resources for studies. The resulting studies have provided an opportunity both to describe the full spectrum of research in primary care and also to categorize it. A classification and brief description of the British experience should help primary care disciplines in the United States, especially general internal medicine, understand the potential within the field of primary care research. If primary care medicine is to reach its full potential, high priority should be given to the stimulation and development of such research efforts.
Ventricular tachyrdia in the infarcted, Langendorff-perfused human heart: Role of the arrangement of surviving cardiac fibers
Authors: Jacques M.T. de Baker, Ruben Coronel, Sara Tasseron, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Tobias Opthof, Michiel J. Janse, Frans J.L. van Capelle, Anton E. Becker, George Jambroes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Long Esophagomyotomy for Esophageal Spasm
Authors: Norman Snow
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The brief report by Bortolotti et al entitled "Atrial Ventricular Block Induced by Swallowing in a Patient With Diffuse Esophageal Spasm" (1982;248:2297) omitted a valuable therapeutic modality that has been useful in the treatment of the disorder that was described in the text. The association of vagovagal syncope with diffuse esophageal spasm has been previously reported from our institution,<sup>1</sup>and we have treated another patient who experienced repetitive syncopal episodes associated with swallowing with a long esophagomyotomy. Since distention of the esophagus, or at least elevated intraluminal pressures, seem to be the primary afferent stimulus, a reduction in the high pressures occurring with esophageal spasm might well be expected to eliminate the syncope. In fact, a long esophagomyotomy rendered our patient totally asymptomatic. A previously reported short myotomy<sup>1</sup>failed, but it is well known that a long myotomy from the aortic arch to the gastroesophageal
Ascites and serum sodium are markers of increased waiting list mortality in children with chronic liver failure
Authors: Renata Pugliese, Eduardo A. Fonseca, Gilda Porta, Vera Danesi, Teresa Guimaraes, Adriana Porta, Irene K. Miura, Cristian Borges, Helry Candido, Marcel Benavides, Flavia H. Feier, Andre Godoy, Rita Antonelli Cardoso, Mario Kondo, Paulo Chapchap, Joao Seda Neto
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis and in adults it is associated with 50% mortality at 5 years if patients do not receive a liver transplant. The occurrence of hyponatremia in these patients has been associated with increased mortality on the waiting list. The importance of serum sodium levels and the presence of ascites in the pediatric setting remain to be clarified. A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with cirrhosis on the transplant list was carried out between October 2000 and February 2012. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association of pretransplant variables with mortality within 90 days following the inclusion of patients on the waiting list. In all, 522 patients were included in the study; 345 (66%) patients were under 1 year of age; 208 (40%) of the children presented ascites. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was conducted and total bilirubin ( P &lt; 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-3.21), international normalized ratio (INR) ( P &lt; 0.001, HR = 9.83, 95% CI = 4.51-21.45), serum sodium levels ( P = 0.03, HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99), ascites ( P = 0.001, HR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.44-4.64), and categorized age (0-1 versus ≥1 year old) ( P = 0.025, HR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.11-4.86) were independently associated with risk of death in 90 days. Malnutrition (Z score height/age, weight/age) and serum albumin (pediatric endstage liver disease [PELD] formula) were not included in the final model. Conclusion : The presence of ascites and serum sodium levels are important variables associated with decreased patient survival while candidates wait for a liver graft. Multicenter studies are necessary to validate these findings in order to improve current allocation policies based on the PELD score. (Hepatology 2014;59:1964–1971)
Natural history of left ventricular thrombi: Their appearance and resolution in the posthospitalization period of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Andre Keren, Shmuel Goldberg, Shmuel Gottlieb, Jacob Klein, Claudio Schuger, Aharon Medina, Dan Tzivoni, Shlomo Stern
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Manic-Depressive Insanity and Paranoia.
Authors: Emil Kraepelin
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
REMARKS UPON THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE OF THE LARYNX.
Authors: D. BRYSON DELAVAN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

While operations for the cure of malignant diseases of the larynx have generally resulted in shortening rather than lengthening the lives of patients so operated upon, the experience of the past few years in certain parts of the world has been somewhat encouraging. Indications are beginning to appear which suggest that for this class of patients there exists a not entirely unpromising future. Within the past two years several papers have been published in which the proportion of successful operations has been unusually large, and while the actual number of patients operated upon has been too small to establish any positive conclusions, and the dates of most of the operations have been too recent to admit of a complete study of the cases themselves, there can be no question that the work recorded in them is, on the whole, worthy of careful consideration. The varieties of operation which have lately
The Absorption of Nonferrous Metals in Iron Deficiency*
Authors: Simeon Pollack, James N. George, Richard C. Reba, Richard M. Kaufman, William H. Crosby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Abstract : The intestinal absorption of cobalt and manganese was increased in rats rendered iron deficient by bleeding and diet. The intestinal absorption of cesium, magnesium, mercury, calcium, and copper was not increased in rats consuming an iron-deficient diet but was unchanged in bled rats. (Author)
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC-PULMONARY ARTERIAL COLLATERAL FLOW IN SINGLE VENTRICLE PATIENTS WITH CAVO-PULMONARY CONNECTIONS
Authors: Andrew C. Glatz, Neil Harrison, Adam Small, Yoav Dori, Matthew Gillespie, Matthew Harris, Mark Fogel, Jonathan Rome, Kevin Whitehead
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
REPORT OF A CASE OF A UNIQUE FOREIGN BODY IN THE STOMACH; GASTROTOMY; RECOVERY.
Authors: JOHN CHADWICK OLIVER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Vendetta R., 10 years of age, resided in Somerset, Ky. On Nov. 17, 1901, she found a persimmon tree loaded with fruit which had just been cut down. It is supposed that she ate largely of the fruit, but no one knew positively in regard to it because she was not under observation at the time. In the evening the patient suffered from severe gastric pain and discomfort. Ordinary home remedies were used to allay this, but as they failed to produce any effect a physician was called the next morning. In answer to his questions the patient acknowledged that she had eaten five persimmons and that she had swallowed some seeds. An emetic was administered which caused some persimmon seeds and other matter to be vomited. The emesis did not give the expected relief from pain. An examination of her abdomen at this time revealed a hard lump in
Efficacy of deferasirox in reducing and preventing cardiac iron overload in β-thalassemia
Authors: Dudley J. Pennell, John B. Porter, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Amal El-Beshlawy, Lee Lee Chan, Yesim Aydinok, Mohsen Saleh Elalfy, Pranee Sutcharitchan, Chi-Kong Li, Hishamshah Ibrahim, Vip Viprakasit, Antonis Kattamis, Gillian Smith, Dany Habr, Gabor Domokos, Bernard Roubert, Ali Taher
Journal: Blood (2009)
372. Targeting of Non-Viral Vectors to Specific Subnuclear Domains
Authors: Joshua Z. Gasiorowski, David A. Dean
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
The cell biology principles and theories that define mechanisms behind eukaryotic transcription can potentially be applied to non-viral gene therapy. With this approach, we have demonstrated that non-viral vectors can be engineered to traffic to specific subnuclear domains. Non-viral vectors are mainly designed for three things, to efficiently deliver a gene to a target tissue or cell, to mediate plasmid nuclear import, and to ultimately express a transgene. Therefore, the focus of non-viral gene therapy research often lay with global delivery methods and successful translocation of the plasmid into the nucleus. As a result, the study of intranuclear plasmid behavior is often neglected, despite the fact that the nucleus is a highly ordered and organized compartment. Gene expression of endogenous chromatin is partially controlled by the segregation of euchromatin from heterochromatin and the maintenance of distinct, subnuclear chromosome territories. Development of non-viral vectors that effectively target to regions of the nucleus where transcription is already maximized could enhance and increase the overall efficacy of gene therapy. To test this hypothesis we microinjected nuclei with plasmids that contained different DNA regulatory sequences. Microinjected cells were then fixed at different time points so fluorescence in situ hybridizations and immunocytochemistry could be performed. Based on qualitative and quantitative 3-D analysis of confocal and deconvolved images, we found that the addition of different regulatory elements changed the intranuclear trafficking patterns of plasmids. Plasmids containing RNA polymerase I promoters localized into large speckles within the nucleolus and strongly co-localized with fibrillarin and upstream binding factor (UBF). Plasmids with RNA polymerase II promoters trafficked to nucleoplasmic regions rich in mRNA processing machinery. In contrast, plasmids without eukaryotic regulatory sequences remained diffuse throughout the nucleoplasm and did not co-localize with any of the marker proteins used. Further manipulation of our non-viral vectors altered plasmid intranuclear trafficking patterns and localization. Transgene expression could potentially be enhanced and prolonged if we can target non-viral vectors into specific subnuclear domains beyond the nuclear envelope and sustain their co-localization with active transcriptional machinery.
Primary Empty Sella Syndrome With CSF Rhinorrhea
Authors: Edward L. Applebaum
Journal: JAMA (1980)

BUSCH<sup>1</sup>originally used the term "empty sella" for autopsy cases in which the pituitary gland formed only a thin layer of tissue at the bottom of the sella turcica with associated absence, or incompetence, of the diaphragma sellae. Lee and Adams<sup>2</sup>used the term "empty sella syndrome" when referring to patients with pituitary tumors treated by surgery or radiation therapy who later had visual dysfunction without evidence of tumor recurrence. In 1968, Ommaya et al<sup>3</sup>reported the first two cases of CSF rhinorrhea associated with the empty sella syndrome. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old, moderately obese, hypertensive woman was seen at the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, with unilateral, left-sided, watery rhinorrhea of six months' duration. Three months previously, she had been treated for meningitis in another hospital and discharged without evaluation of the nasal discharge. There was no history of head trauma. A left-sided, profuse,