tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of prebiotics on the human gut microbiota of elderly persons
Authors: Ruth Toward, Samantha Montandon, Gemma Walton, Glenn R. Gibson
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

The colonic microbiota undergoes certain age related changes that may affect health. For example, above the age of 55–65 y, populations of bifidobacteria are known to decrease markedly. Bifidobacteria are known inhibitors of pathogenic microbes and a decrease in their activities may increase susceptibility to infections. There is therefore interest in trying to reverse their decline in aged persons. As the gut microbiota responds to dietary intervention, both probiotics and prebiotics have been tested in this regard. Probiotics are live microbes in the diet, whereas prebiotics are fermentable ingredients that specifically target components of the indigenous microbiota seen to be beneficial. We have published a recent paper demonstrating that prebiotic galactooligosaccharides can exert power effects upon bifidobacteria in the gut flora of elderly persons (both in vivo and in vitro). This addendum summarizes research that led up to this study and discusses the possible impact of prebiotics in impacting upon the gut health of aged persons.
Contribution of hair density and hair diameter to the appearance and progression of androgenetic alopecia in Japanese men
Authors: A. Ishino, T. Takahashi, J. Suzuki, Y. Nakazawa, T. Iwabuchi, M. Tajima
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of baldness in men. The balding process is associated with the gradual miniaturization of hair follicles and successive hair loss. However, the relative contributions of hair density and diameter to AGA are still unclear. Objectives Hair density and hair diameter were investigated in Japanese men with or without AGA to elucidate the importance of these factors in the balding process. Methods Male Japanese subjects with or without AGA (n = 369) were included in this study. Hair appearance at the vertex was evaluated by comparison with a series of standard photographs. Hair density was measured using a phototrichogram-based videomicroscopy technique, and hair diameter was assessed by comparison with a series of calibrated threads on the phototrichogram image. Results All subjects with AGA were ≥ 25 years of age. The mean percentage of thick hairs (> 80 μm) in all subjects with AGA was significantly lower than that in subjects without AGA aged ≥ 25 years (P < 0·01), but the mean percentage of vellus hairs (< 40 μm) in subjects with AGA was significantly higher (P < 0·001). By contrast, the mean density of the hair in all patients with AGA did not significantly differ from the density of those without AGA aged ≥ 25 years. However, the mean density of the hair in subjects without AGA aged < 25 years was significantly higher than that of both subjects without AGA aged ≥ 25 years (P < 0·001) and all subjects with AGA. Conclusions Hair loss in men with AGA results mainly from the miniaturization of hair follicles rather than the loss of hair (shedding), at least for individuals who are ≥ 25 years of age and present with AGA.
Independence of Review Body
Authors: D. F. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1973)

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 24 NOVEMBER 1973 then decide how to make the child as safe as possible, as a first-aid measure, and also try to make provision for the long-term support, supervision, and re-education which the family are going to need.All this is going to be difficult and de- manding for someone, probably several people, and the long-term results may be disappointing.But "prompt referral to the nearest hospital," without thought, is not good enough.-Iam, etc.,
Forwarding of Medical Records
Authors: Alex Harell
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In the Sept 21 issue ofThe Journal, there was a letter regarding the prompt forwarding of medical records. 1   This is a rather disturbing problem because with the increasing number of facilities, prepaid plans, and relocation of people, the demand for the forwarding of records is beginning to become an intolerable burden. I feel that the American Medical Association should recognize this and take appropriate action to try to establish some guidelines for the financial remuneration for this type of thing, since in many offices the amount of time and effort involved, photocopying and so on, runs into a substantial amount.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 regulates CD8 T-cell proliferation by inhibition of interleukins 6 and 27
Authors: Christine Brender, Gillian M. Tannahill, Brendan J. Jenkins, Joel Fletcher, Ruth Columbus, Christiaan J. M. Saris, Matthias Ernst, Nicos A. Nicola, Douglas J. Hilton, Warren S. Alexander, Robyn Starr
Journal: Blood (2007)
Abstract 4262: Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506): A broad spectrum tumor deactivator with high combinability potential and antimetastasis activity
Authors: Dieter Zopf, Arne Scholz, Iduna Fichtner, Michael Becker, Tina Müller, Maria Kissel
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor which is in clinical development for the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors who have failed imatinib and sunitinib therapy and patients with advanced colorectal tumors who have failed standard therapies. Regorafenib is a tumor deactivation agent that addresses all three mechanisms of tumor growth and progression (angiogenesis, oncogenesis, and stromal interactions) by potently blocking multiple RTKs. Inhibition of angiogenic RTKs (e.g., VEGFR1-3, TIE2) by regorafenib results in breakdown of tumor vascular structure, which disrupts the tumor's oxygen and nutrient supply. Furthermore, regorafenib targets oncogenic RTKs (e.g., KIT, Ret), which control tumor growth, and stromal RTKs (e.g., PDGFR, FGFR), which are implicated not only in the establishment of tumor infrastructure but also in tumor progression. Regorafenib was evaluated for additional tumor indications in several human cancer xenograft and syngeneic tumor preclinical models as single agent or in combination with standards of care or targeted agents in early clinical development. Regorafenib effectively inhibited tumor growth in a broad spectrum (e.g. liver, stomach, ovarian, breast and colon) of subcutaneous and orthotopic models of human xenograft and murine syngeneic tumors at an oral daily dose of 10mg/kg. Regorafenib inhibited various patient-derived oxaliplatin insensitive colorectal xenografts as single agent and in combination with concomitant irinotecan dosing. Finally, regorafenib was shown to exert potent antimetastasis activity in orthotopic syngeneic 4T1 and triple-negative MDA-MB 231 human xenograft breast cancer models by prevention of the formation of lung or lymph node metastasis, respectively. In summary, by blocking multiple abnormal angiogenic and oncogenic signalling pathways, regorafenib deactivates tumors and prevents their continued growth and metastatic potential. In preclinical models regorafenib has shown a high potential as a combination partner with other therapeutic agents such as irinotecan, which may make it suitable as a future backbone for treatment of multiple cancer types. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4262. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4262
Access to heart surgery for smokers. Rationed services should go to those who benefit.
Authors: V Bansal
Journal: BMJ (1993)

He and many others might never have taken to smoking if there had not been a war.Nothing was known about a link with any disease then.Not even the medical profession knew-except the first few who suspected a link with lung cancer, and even that was not clear for a long time afterwards.All these survivors of the war are now at an age when they may need bypass surgery.They smoked through no fault of their own, and nobody had knowledge of possible consequences.They were encouraged to smoke and given easy access to cigarettes.They gave five years of their young lives to the defence of Britain.Are our surgeons, most of whom will be much younger, and who can have no personal experience of those days, now to deny these men treatment for physical conditions possibly engendered by their years of smoking?I hope not.
Oxidative metabolism in a rat hepatoma (N13) and isolated rat hepatocytes: A flow cytometric comparative study
Authors: G Juan, R Gil-Benso, J E O'Connor, R C Callaghan
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Recently, we have developed a new and fast kinetic method for assessing mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry, based on the quantitation of the initial rate of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) uptake by living cells. This test has proved suitable to detect metabolic and toxic effects on mitochondria. To characterize energy metabolism in a rat hepatoma cell line (N13), we applied this method to assess several metabolic pathways that eventually generate mitochondrial membrane potential. Using this approach, we found that N13 hepatoma cells retain an oxidative capacity comparable with that observed in isolated hepatocytes under the same conditions. These results show that this cell line may represent an adequate biological model to perform metabolic and toxicological studies in vitro .
A Novel Molecule Designed to Keep Bacteria out of the Urinary Tract
Authors: D. Zhang, G. Zhang, M.S. Hayden, M.B. Greenblatt, C. Bussey, R.A. Flavell, S. Gosh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

So far 10 toll-like receptors (TLR) that recognize distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns have been reported in mammalian species. TLR represent of family of transmembrane proteins with an extracellular domain rich in leucine repeats and a cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain ([1
Plasma levels of endothelial protein C receptor respond to anticoagulant treatment
Authors: Deborah J. Stearns-Kurosawa, Kandice Swindle, Armando D'Angelo, Patrizia Della Valle, Annalisa Fattorini, Nathalie Caron, Marc Grimaux, Barry Woodhams, Shinichiro Kurosawa
Journal: Blood (2002)
MicroRNAs Move Into Cancer Research
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Correlation Between Patterns of Infection and Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: James C. Allen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972A Correlation Between Patterns of Infection and Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Multiple Myeloma.James C. Allen, M.D., F.A.C.P., Richard N. Peeler, M.D., F.A.C.P.James C. Allen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Richard N. Peeler, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-876_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatients with multiple myeloma not only develop frequent bacterial infections but often recover normally with adequate therapy, attested by frequency of infections per patient in this group. Previous investigations, however, showed correlations between the type or quantity of immunoglobulins and theoccurrenceof infections in these patients. Infections in 18 myeloma patients (12 gamma G, 6 gamma A) were analyzed forpatternsof bacterial pathogens, with the following results. Patients with gamma G myeloma had recurrent infections caused by either Gram-positive or -negative organisms but not both, whereas gamma A patients had recurrent infections with both (P< 0.05 by... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byImmunodeficiency States Associated with Acute Leukemias, Multiple Myeloma, and Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 876-876KeywordsAttentionBacterial pathogensMultiple myelomaMyeloma Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
International infectious disease surveillance during the London Olympic and Paralympic Games 2012: process and outcomes
Authors: J Jones, J Lawrence, L Payne Hallström, J Mantero, H Kirkbride, A Walsh, D Jermacane, H Simons, K M Hansford, E Bennett, M Catchpole, Collective on behalf of the international team
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Surveillance for possible international infectious disease threats to the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London, United Kingdom, was conducted from 2 July to 12 September 2012 by a collaborative team comprising representatives from the Health Protection Agency (Public Health England since April 2013), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the National Travel Health Network and Centre. Team members enhanced their usual international surveillance activities and undertook joint risk assessments of incidents identified as relevant through an agreed set of criteria designed for the Games and using tools developed for this purpose. Although team members responded to a range of international disease incidents as part of their routine roles during this period, no incident was identified that represented a threat to the Games. Six incidents were highlighted by the team that were likely to attract media attention and hence could generate political and public concern. Responding to such concern is an important aspect of the overall public health management of mass gathering events. The lessons learned about the process and outcomes of the enhanced international surveillance will help inform planning by future hosts of similar events.
Impaired JAK-STAT signal transduction contributes to growth hormone resistance in chronic uremia
Authors: Franz Schaefer, Yu Chen, Tanny Tsao, Pouneh Nouri, Ralph Rabkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with resistance to the growth-promoting and anabolic actions of growth hormone (GH). In rats with CRF induced by partial renal ablation, 7 days of GH treatment had a diminished effect on weight gain and hepatic IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 mRNA levels, compared with sham-operated pair-fed controls. To assess whether GH resistance might be due to altered signal transduction, activation of the JAK-STAT pathway was studied 10 or 15 minutes after intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg GH or vehicle. Hepatic GH receptor (GHR) mRNA levels were significantly decreased in CRF, but GHR protein abundance and GH binding to microsomal and plasma membranes was unaltered. JAK2, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 protein abundance was also unchanged. However, GH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT5, and STAT3 was 75% lower in the CRF animals. Phosphorylated STAT5 and STAT3 were also diminished in nuclear extracts. The expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS-2) was increased twofold in GH-treated CRF animals, and SOCS-3 mRNA levels were elevated by 60% in CRF, independent of GH treatment. In conclusion, CRF causes a postreceptor defect in GH signal transduction characterized by impaired phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of GH-activated STAT proteins, which is possibly mediated, at least in part, by overexpression of SOCS proteins.
Epidemiology of pollution‐induced airwav disease in Japan
Authors: T. MIYAMOTO
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Miyamoto T. Epidemiology of pollution‐induced airway disease in Japan. Air pollution has been implicated as one of the factors responsible for the increased incidence of allergic diseases seen over recent years. Epidemiological studies in Japan demonstrate that atopic subjects living in urban areas are more likely to suffer from the effects of air pollution, with increased coughing, sputum production, wheezing and throat irritation. Furthermore, animal studies show that high concentrations of pollutant gases can promote airway sensitization. The incidence of allergic rhinitis and asthma have been shown to be greater in areas where there is heavy traffic and hence high levels of automobile exhaust emissions. Intranasal administration of diesel exhaust particles in mice produces a stimulatory effect on immunoglobulin E production, and a similar finding has also been shown with suspended particulate matter in air. Air pollutants, such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), have been shown to stimulate the production of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor, which may play a vital role in airway hyperreactivity and asthma. In comparative studies of asthma in urban and rural areas, history of airway infection and a younger age of onset were found to be sifificantly greater in urban areas. When the asthmatic patients were divided into two groups according to environmental NO 2 levels (group I: NO 2 &gt;30 ppb; group II: NO 2 &lt;30 ppb), no signficant difference regarding the various parameters was noted between the two groups, except for a greater severity of asthma in adults in group I, and a greater severity in children in group 11. These studies imply that air pollution may be one reason for the increase in allergic diseases in Japan, but a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn, and further investigation is warranted.
A comparison of methods of predicting maximum oxygen uptake.
Authors: S Grant, K Corbett, A M Amjad, J Wilson, T Aitchison
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

The aim of this study was to compare the results from a Cooper walk run test, a multistage shuttle run test, and a submaximal cycle test with the direct measurement of maximum oxygen uptake on a treadmill. Three predictive tests of maximum oxygen uptake--linear extrapolation of heart rate of VO2 collected from a submaximal cycle ergometer test (predicted L/E), the Cooper 12 min walk, run test, and a multi-stage progressive shuttle run test (MST)--were performed by 22 young healthy males (mean(s.d.) age 22.1 (2.4) years; body mass 72.4(8.9kg)) and the values compared to those obtained by direct measurement on a maximal treadmill test. All of the subjects were regular exercisers. The mean(s.d.) from the various tests in ml.kg-1.min-1 were as follows: treadmill 60.1(8.0), Cooper 60.6(10.3), MST 55.6(8.0), and predictedL/E 52.0(8.4). The Cooper test had a correlation with the treadmill test of 0.92, while the MST and the predictedL/E had correlations of 0.86 and 0.76 respectively. Both the MST and predictedL/E showed systematic underprediction of the treadmill value. On average, the MST was 4.5 ml.kg-1.min-1 (s.e. 0.9) lower than the treadmill VO2max while the predictedL/E was 7.8 ml.kg-1. min-1 (s.e. 1.4) lower than the treadmill VO2max. These findings indicate that, for the population assessed, the Cooper walk run test is the best predictor of VO2max among the three tests.
Conscious cognition and blackboard architectures
Authors: Bernard J. Baars
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

van der Velde &amp; de Kamps make a case for neural blackboard architectures to address four questions raised by human language. Unfortunately, they neglect a sizable literature relating blackboard architectures to other fundamental cognitive questions, specifically consciousness and voluntary control. Called “global workspace theory,” this literature integrates a large body of brain and behavioral evidence to come to converging conclusions.
Cognitions and perceptions of health and exercise.
Authors: S J Biddle, B Ashford
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

The impact of exercise on health is potentially significant yet relatively few people exercise. The paper reports two exploratory, community-based, cross-sectional retrospective surveys which investigated the cognitions of aerobic exercisers and non-exercisers. Specifically, an analysis was undertaken of differences between exercisers and non-exercisers, between males and females, and between those under 40 and those over 40 years of age on health beliefs, exercise cognitions, knowledge and attributions. Results from Study 1 (N = 433) showed clear differences between exercise, age and gender groups on health beliefs, knowledge and attributions with exercisers having a more positive cognitive profile. Non-exercisers, contrary to the Health Belief Model, were characterised by perceptions of vulnerability to general and cardiac ill-health. Study 2 (N = 468) supported these results and also showed that older people had more negative beliefs and worries about exercise than younger people. Discussion of the results centres on the need for further research on the causality and prediction of exercise and other health-related behaviours from cognitive factors.