tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adrenocortical Response to Stress and Thyroid Hormone Status in Free-Living Nestling White Storks ( <i>Ciconia ciconia</i> ) Exposed to Heavy Metal and Arsenic Contamination
Authors: Raquel Baos, Julio Blas, Gary R. Bortolotti, Tracy A. Marchant, Fernando Hiraldo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Endocrine parameters have proven useful in the detection of early or low-level responses to pollutants. Although most of the studies on endocrine modulation have been focused on processes involving gonadal steroids, contaminants may target other parts of the endocrine system as well. In this study we examined the adrenocortical stress response and thyroid hormone status in free-living nestling white storks (Ciconia ciconia) in relation to heavy metals (zinc, lead, copper, cadmium) and arsenic levels in blood.Fieldwork was conducted in an area polluted by the Aznalcóllar mine accident (southwestern Spain) and in a reference site. We used a standardized capture, handling, and restraint protocol to determine both baseline and maximum plasma corticosterone. Circulating levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were also measured.No effects of metals or As were found on baseline corticosterone, but maximum levels of corticosterone were positively related to Pb in both locations. This relationship was stronger in single nestlings than in birds from multiple-chick broods, which suggests a greater impact of Pb on more stressed individuals. Metal pollution did not affect plasma T4 or T3 levels, although thyroid status differed with location.Because a compromised hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function can have far-reaching consequences in terms of altered behavioral and metabolic processes necessary for survival, our results suggest that birds exposed to sublethal Pb levels may be at risk through an altered adrenocortical stress response, and further support the idea that HPA axis-related end points might be useful indicators of metal exposure and potential toxicity in wild animals.
Informative Clinical Investigation: A Demanding Taskmaster
Authors: Eleni Efstathiou, Jeri Kim, Christopher J. Logothetis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Eleni Efstathiou, Clinic of Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece, and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX Jeri Kim and Christopher J. Logothetis, Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Effects of intranasal R112, an inhibitor of syk-kinase, on the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: A 2 day park study
Authors: E.O. Meltzer, R. Berkowitz, E. Grossbard, C. Gallet, S. Dion, S. Shaver, D. Bazelmans, C. Lutz, T. Musser
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Asialo GM<sub>1</sub>as a Cell-Surface Marker Detected in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kazuhiko Nakahara, Tatsuya Ohashi, Toshitsugu Oda, Takao Hirano, Masataka Kasai, Ko Okumura, Tomio Tada
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The heterologous antiserum raised against brain-associated T-cell antigen may react against some immature cells distinct from mature T cells.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Studies in our laboratory have identified the constituent antibody in this antiserum as an antibody against the glycolipid asialo GM1, which exists on non-T, non-B populations such as the natural killer cells of mice.9 We have tried to determine whether the antiserum raised against purified asialo GM1 can distinguish neoplastic lymphoid cells from normal lymphocytes.Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 60 patients with lymphoid neoplasia and hematologic disorders were analyzed for the presence of glycolipid asialo GM1 as . . .
Does aortic valve sclerosis predict cardiovascular events independently of albuminuria in hypertension? A LIFE study
Authors: Michael H. Olsen, Kristian Wachtell, Jonathan N. Bella, Vittorio Palmieri, Eva Gerdts, Markku S. Nieminen, Gunnar Smith, Björn Dahlöf, Hans Ibsen, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Carbazochrome Salicylate as a Systemic Hemostatic Agent in Plastic Operations
Authors: Eldon R. Dykes
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE CONTROL of bleeding is a major surgical problem. This is particularly true in plastic surgery where oozing may endanger the success of a procedure and where bleeding points may be inaccessible. An operative field continuously deluged with blood makes precise, anatomic dissection difficult if not impossible. Excessive operative bleeding causes an increase not only in anesthesia time but in morbidity and mortality. Postoperative bleeding may compromise an otherwise good technical result in any operative procedure. The problem would be minimized if a systemic hemostatic agent could be administered preoperatively to the patient. Carbazochrome (Adrenosem) salicylate, one of the oxidation products of epinephrine, has been promoted as such an agent. There have been numerous reports of its success<sup>1-13</sup>and few reports of its failure.<sup>14-16</sup>The Council on Drugs of the American Medical Association has cautioned that there is insufficient evidence to prove that cessation of bleeding could
Intimal fibromuscular hyperplasia at the venous anastomosis of PTFE grafts in hemodialysis patients. Clinical, immunocytochemical, light and electron microscopic assessment.
Authors: S H Swedberg, B G Brown, R Sigley, T N Wight, D Gordon, S C Nicholls
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Failure of arteriovenous communications used for chronic hemodialysis was studied during sequential 5-year periods after placement of either endogenous Brescia-Cimino (B-C) fistulas (50 patients) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Gore-Tex) grafts (66 patients). Venous stenosis near the anastomosis was the reason for failure in 45% of PTFE grafts compared with 16% of B-C fistulas (p less than 0.001). Failure occurred, on average, 16 months after PTFE graft placement compared with 22 for B-C fistulas (p = NS). Proximal vein segments removed from five failed and two functioning PTFE graft communications were studied using light and electron microscopy and immunocytochemical techniques. All venous segments removed during surgical shunt repair exhibited a marked intimal hyperplasia. The intimal cellular component was almost exclusively smooth muscle. Accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets was not seen. Foam cells as well as extracellular lipid deposits were absent; macrophages and lymphocytes were absent from the zone of proliferation. Ultrastructural examination revealed a large proportion of extracellular matrix surrounding smooth muscle cells in the neointima. Collagen and elastin were present in the extracellular matrix, in greatest concentration deeper in the intima. Closer to the lumen, most of the extracellular volume consisted of proteoglycan. Hemosiderin was absent from the lesions as were consistent signs of luminal and intimal fibrin. Uniform intimal gradients of actin, collagen, and proteoglycan suggest that this is a steadily progressive, rather than episodic, proliferative response. These clinical and histologic observations and an analysis of hemodynamic stresses support the postulate that upstream release of platelet-derived growth factor, and possibly, shear-induced intimal injury stimulate this response. This myointimal proliferative process provides a readily accessible model of fibromuscular hyperplasia in humans; its understanding may lead to effective methods for its prevention and may provide clues to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.
Beclomethasone dipropionate dry-powder inhalation compared with conventional aerosol in chronic asthma.
Authors: J Carmichael, D Duncan, G K Crompton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a double-blind study beclomethasone dipropionate inhaled as a dry powder in doses of 100 microgram four times daily and 150 microgram four times daily was compared with the conventional aerosol dose of 100 microgram four times daily in 20 outpatients with chronic asthma. Each of the three treatments was given for four weeks. The dry powder in a dose of 150 microgram four times daily had advantages over the other two treatments in terms of FEV1 and the number of exacerbations of asthma during the study. There were no adverse reactions to inhaling dry-powder beclomethasone. It was concluded that this new way of administering the drug was effective in chronic asthma, and should allow most patients with chronic asthma who cannot use conventional pressurised aerosols efficiently to benefit from inhaled corticosteroid treatment.
Elena Zadik (née Matskevich)
Authors: Paul Zadik
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Andrew Morrison led the field in groundbreaking surgery for inner ear conditions, acoustic tumour surgery, and the earliest multi-channel cochlear implantation.His career spanned from the 1950s to the 1990s, and he was involved with the NHS during perhaps its greatest years of optimism and throughout a period of rapid advancement in surgery and medicine in general.Ear surgery also evolved exponentially during this time, because of the development of precise high speed drills, and, more
Symptomatic Care of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Victor M. Rivera
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to comment on the article by Smith and Norris on "Symptomatic Care of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" (234:715, 1975) and add some personal observations about this challenging problem. In most forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bulbar involvement will produce swallowing abnormalities with consequent sialorrhea. I agree with the authors that anticholinergics regularly used for gastrointestinal disorders are usually ineffective in controlling drooling in these patients, but interestingly enough, good results may be obtained with trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (Artane), 2 to 4 mg three times a day. This anticholinergic, commonly used in the management of the Parkinson syndrome, is well tolerated by ALS patients and does not produce the undesirable sedative effects of the amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil) recommended by the authors. In our experience, treatment of drooling with trihexyphenidyl has eliminated the need for drastic procedures such as irradiation of the salivary glands. The
A More Accurate Method To Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine: A New Prediction Equation
Authors: Andrew S. Levey, Juan P. Bosch, Julia Breyer Lewis, Tom Greene, Nancy Rogers, David Roth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Serum creatinine concentration is widely used as an index of renal function, but this concentration is affected by factors other than glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Objective: To develop an equation to predict GFR from serum creatinine concentration and other factors. Design: Cross-sectional study of GFR, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine concentration, and demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with chronic renal disease. Patients: 1628 patients enrolled in the baseline period of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study, of whom 1070 were randomly selected as the training sample; the remaining 558 patients constituted the validation sample. Methods: The prediction equation was developed by stepwise regression applied to the training sample. The equation was then tested and compared with other prediction equations in the validation sample. Results: To simplify prediction of GFR, the equation included only demographic and serum variables. Independent factors associated with a lower GFR included a higher serum creatinine concentration, older age, female sex, nonblack ethnicity, higher serum urea nitrogen levels, and lower serum albumin levels (P < 0.001 for all factors). The multiple regression model explained 90.3% of the variance in the logarithm of GFR in the validation sample. Measured creatinine clearance overestimated GFR by 19%, and creatinine clearance predicted by the Cockcroft-Gault formula overestimated GFR by 16%. After adjustment for this overestimation, the percentage of variance of the logarithm of GFR predicted by measured creatinine clearance or the Cockcroft-Gault formula was 86.6% and 84.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The equation developed from the MDRD Study provided a more accurate estimate of GFR in our study group than measured creatinine clearance or other commonly used equations. *For members of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group, see N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:877-84.
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy Are Not Associated With an Altered Risk of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Chris R. Cardwell, Dennis J. Carson, Edward J. McNaboe, Chris C. Patterson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells. As various studies have shown that tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, particularly in childhood, impact the function of the immune system (1), it is possible that these procedures could increase a child’s risk of type 1 diabetes. Conversely, the hygiene hypothesis (2) suggests that frequent exposure to infections in early life may protect against type 1 diabetes. Therefore, children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy may be expected to have a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes because they are likely to have experienced higher rates of respiratory and ear infections in early childhood than other children. Previously, a Finnish case-control study (3) of type 1 diabetes with adenoidectomy reported a modest though not significant increase in the risk of diabetes, while a possible association with tonsillectomy has been investigated only in a small Canadian case-control study (4). The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time in a cohort setting, the risk of type 1 diabetes after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in children identified from hospital records.

Northern Ireland hospitals routinely record the name, date of birth, and hospital number of each individual undergoing a surgical procedure. The type of procedure is …
Telltale Triangle of Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Ming-Yuan Huang, Wen-Han Chang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 56-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of diarrhea and dull epigastric pain. The diarrhea had responded to antidiarrheal agents. However, the epigastric pain had worsened on the day before presentation and had become sharp, severe, and diffuse. The patient reported having had no bloody or tarry stool and having taken no nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. On physical examination, the patient appeared to be in great distress and was tachycardic, with otherwise normal vital signs. His abdomen was diffusely tender with rebound; bowel sounds were absent. The rectal examination revealed occult blood. Laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis, . . .
Oral Administration of an Apo A-I Mimetic Peptide Synthesized From D-Amino Acids Dramatically Reduces Atherosclerosis in Mice Independent of Plasma Cholesterol
Authors: Mohamad Navab, G.M. Anantharamaiah, Susan Hama, David W. Garber, Manjula Chaddha, Greg Hough, Roger Lallone, Alan M. Fogelman
Journal: Circulation (2002)

When apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides synthesized from either D- or L-amino acids were given orally to LDL receptor-null mice, only the peptide synthesized from D-amino acids was stable in the circulation and enhanced the ability of HDL to protect LDL against oxidation. The peptide synthesized from L-amino acids was rapidly degraded and excreted in the urine. When a peptide synthesized from D-amino acids (D-4F) was administered orally to LDL receptor-null mice on a Western diet, lesions decreased by 79%. When added to the drinking water of apoE-null mice, D-4F decreased lesions by approximately 75% at the lowest dose tested (0.05 mg/mL). The marked reduction in lesions occurred independent of changes in total plasma or HDL-cholesterol.
The Effect of Amphetamine Sulfate on Spasmodic Flexion Movements of the Foot
Authors: Julius Loman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

DISTURBANCES in tone and motion of voluntary muscles, — including rigidity, hypLrtonicity, dystonia, rhythmic or oscillating tremor, athetosis, choreiform movements and spasmodic or torsion movements, — present either singly or in combination, usually indicate dysfunction of the extrapyramidal pathway. These symptoms are sometimes so bizarre that they may be mistaken for manifestations of hysteria. The peculiar disorder presented by a striking case recently observed falls into this category. A spasmodic flexion of the toes was the presenting symptom. The successful relief of the condition by medication prompted the presentation of the case reported below.Medication is often ineffective or unsatisfactory . . .
The Wisconsin Diploma Mill.
Authors: W. H. Mylrea
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Office of Attorney General, Madison, Wis., June 13,1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —YourJournalof April 25 was forwarded to me by one of the good physicians of this State and furnished valuable information to this office for the purpose of bringing an action to dissolve the Wisconsin Eclectic Medical College at Milwaukee. We have just prepared a complaint and I take great pleasure in forwarding a copy to you. You are at liberty to use it as you see fit. You will notice that I have obtained leave from the Supreme Court of this State to bring an action to annul its charter. This action will be brought in Milwaukee county. I have to-day mailed the papers to the sheriff of that county requesting his service. Yours truly, STATE OF WISCONSIN, Circuit Court for Milwaukee County. State of Wisconsin ex re W. H. Mylrea, Attorney General, Plaintiff, vs. Wisconsin Eclectic
Tumor necrosis factor-α induces akB sequence-specific DNA-binding protein in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Ranjit Banerjee, Saul Karpen, Miriam Siekevitz, Gabriella Lengyel, Joachim Bauer, George Acs
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Tumor necrosis factor-α is an inducer of acute-phase protein synthesis in liver cells. The mechanism by which tumor necrosis factor-α alters gene expression in these cells is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor-α stimulates human immunodeficiency virus-1 long terminal repeat-promoted gene expression in the human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line and increased binding of trans-activating factors to kappa B (kB) DNA sequences. In contrast to lymphocytic cells where the nuclear factors recognizing the kB sequences are activated by both tumor necrosis factor-α and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate through a posttranslational mechanism, in HepG2 cells phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate does not activate these factor(s), and de novo protein synthesis seems to be required in HepG2 cells for gene activation by tumor necrosis factor-α.
Involvement of wound-associated factors in rat brain astrocyte migratory response to axonal injury: in vitro simulation.
Authors: A Faber-Elman, A Solomon, J A Abraham, M Marikovsky, M Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The poor ability of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate has been attributed, in part, to astrocyte behavior after axonal injury. This behavior is manifested by the limited ability of astrocytes to migrate and thus repopulate the injury site. Here, the migratory behavior of astrocytes in response to injury of CNS axons in vivo was simulated in vitro using a scratch-wounded astrocytic monolayer and soluble substances derived from injured rat optic nerves. The soluble substances, applied to the scratch-wounded astrocytes, blocked their migration whereas some known wound-associated factors such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor in combination with insulin-like growth factor-1 (HB-EGF + IGF-1) stimulated intensive migration with consequent closure of the wound. Migration was not dominated by proliferating cells. Both bFGF and HB-EGF + IGF-1, but not TGF-beta 1, could overcome the blocking effect of the optic nerve-derived substances on astrocyte migration. The induced migration appeared to involve proteoglycans. It is suggestive that appropriate choice of growth factors at the appropriate postinjury period may compensate for the endogenous deficiency in glial supportive factors and/or presence of glial inhibitory factors in the CNS.
Day of week of procedure and 30 day mortality for elective surgery: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics
Authors: P Aylin, R Alexandrescu, M H Jen, E K Mayer, A Bottle
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objectives</b> To assess the association between mortality and the day of elective surgical procedure. <b>Design</b> Retrospective analysis of national hospital administrative data. <b>Setting</b> All acute and specialist English hospitals carrying out elective surgery over three financial years, from 2008-09 to 2010-11. <b>Participants</b> Patients undergoing elective surgery in English public hospitals. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Death in or out of hospital within 30 days of the procedure. <b>Results</b> There were 27 582 deaths within 30 days after 4 133 346 inpatient admissions for elective operating room procedures (overall crude mortality rate 6.7 per 1000). The number of weekday and weekend procedures decreased over the three years (by 4.5% and 26.8%, respectively). The adjusted odds of death were 44% and 82% higher, respectively, if the procedures were carried out on Friday (odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.39 to 1.50) or a weekend (1.82, 1.71 to 1.94) compared with Monday. <b>Conclusions</b> The study suggests a higher risk of death for patients who have elective surgical procedures carried out later in the working week and at the weekend.
Phylogenetic analysis of human bocavirus (HBoV) detected from children with acute respiratory infection in Japan
Authors: Ikumi Hishinuma-Igarashi, Katsumi Mizuta, Yoshihiro Saito, Yoshimi Ohuchi, Masahiro Noda, Miho Akiyama, Hiroshi Sato, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi, Nobuhiko Okabe, Masato Tashiro, Hirokazu Kimura
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Isolated thrombocytopenia induced by thalidomide in a patient with multiple myeloma: Case report and review of literature
Authors: H. Keshava Prasad, Varsha Kaushal, Paulette Mehta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Thalidomide is being increasingly used in hematology and oncology. Its use is associated with neuropathy, sedation, edema, fatigue, constipation, and deep venous thrombosis. Cytopenias are unusual, but there are case reports. However, there are no reports of isolated thrombocytopenia. We describe here a case of prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia most likely caused by thalidomide. The patient's in platelet count decreased promptly after an increase in the dose and improved after discontinuation of the drug. The relevant literature is reviewed.
Five star consultants
Authors: J O Drife
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Mathematical models can aid the design of genetic circuits, but may yield inaccurate results if individual parts are not modeled at the appropriate resolution. To illustrate the importance of this concept, we study transcriptional cascades consisting of two inducible synthetic transcription factors connected in series. Despite the simplicity of this design, we find that accurate prediction of circuit behavior requires mapping the dose responses of each circuit component along the dimensions of both its expression level and its inducer concentration. With such multidimensional characterizations, we were able to computationally explore the behavior of 16 different circuit designs. We experimentally verified a subset of these predictions and found substantial agreement. This method of biological part characterization enables the use of models to identify (un)desired circuit behaviors prior to experimental implementation, thus shortening the design-build-test cycle for more complex circuits.