Falsified medicines in Africa
Authors: Tim Ziemer
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

In their letter on falsified medicines in Africa (September issue),1Newton PN Tabernero P Dwivedi P et al.Falsified medicines in Africa: all talk, no action.Lancet Glob Health. 2014; 2: e509-e510Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (37) Google Scholar Paul Newton and colleagues lament obstacles to improving the global supply of drugs, especially in unregulated informal markets in Africa. We share their concerns, but the authors do overlook important efforts to curb the flood of fake and substandard malaria medicines. The US President's Malaria Initiative, for one, is teaming up with local police, customs agents, national medicines regulatory authorities, and drug sellers to help reduce the availability of counterfeit drugs in informal private sector outlets and marketplaces. The President's Malaria Initiative is working programmatically with the US Agency for International Development's Office of Inspector General (USAID OIG) to address and mitigate availability of counterfeit drugs in the market place.2US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) approach and steps to counter theft and diversion of medicines.http://www.pmi.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/tools-curricula/malariadrugs_counteringtheft.pdf?sfvrsn=4Google Scholar For example, in Benin, in a mostly unregulated market in which shop owners and street vendors sell drugs, including antimalarials, the Initiative is partnering with the USAID OIG, local law enforcement, and Ministry of Health officials to launch an anticounterfeit outreach programme by educating and incentivising shopkeepers to report suspected counterfeit medicine networks, while informing consumers on the dangers of substandard drugs and how to recognise them. Benin is the first of several sub-Saharan African countries where this initiative will be implemented. And, the USAID OIG is actively investigating crimes, working with local law enforcement agencies in several countries, leading to arrests and prosecutions. In all 19 focus countries in Africa, the President's Malaria Initiative is partnering with national medicines regulatory authorities to help strengthen local capacities regarding drug quality as part of the US Government's overall technical assistance towards strengthening health systems. The Initiative is helping countries improve surveillance capacity to better monitor drug quality through randomly testing drugs commonly found in both the private and public sectors,3PMIPresident's Malaria Initiative Increases Vigilance, Global Response To Combat Counterfeit Antimalarial Drugs.http://www.pmi.gov/news/all/news-full-view/president-s-malaria-initiative-increases-vigilance-global-response-to-combat-counterfeit-antimalarial-drugsGoogle Scholar including mini-laboratory sentinel sites,4PMICountering Unregistered and Illegal Antimalarial Drugs in Ethiopia.http://www.pmi.gov/news/stories-from-the-field/stories-from-the-field---detail/countering-unregistered-and-illegal-antimalarial-drugs-in-ethiopiaGoogle Scholar, 5Global Pharma Health Fundhttp://www.gphf.org/web/en/gphf/projekte.htmGoogle Scholar and pilot activities in collaboration with the US Food and Drug Administration and their CD-3 device.6US Pharmacopeial ConventionField testing for rapid counterfeit drug screening tool begins in Africa.http://www.usp.org/news/field-testing-rapid-counterfeit-drug-screening-tool-begins-africaGoogle Scholar Although we agree that medicines regulatory authorities need to be strengthened, we are seeing important progress. Recently, two national drug reference laboratories in sub-Saharan Africa received ISO-17025 accreditation—an internationally recognised standard regarding laboratory competency.7ISOGeneral requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:17025:ed-2:v1:enGoogle Scholar These long-term gains represent sustainable health systems capacity building, enabling partner country medicines regulatory authorities to perform much needed quality testing. The President's Malaria Initiative is providing substantial support to countries to improve regulation and enforcement capacity of both the public and private sectors, and we are expanding efforts with partner countries to strengthen all areas of their pharmaceutical supply chain, including forecasting, storage, transportation, and inventory management.8PMIUS President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) approach to health systems strengthening.http://www.pmi.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/tools-curricula/pmi-and-health-systems-strengthening_final.pdf?sfvrsn=4Google Scholar Finally, as a major procurer of artemisinin-based antimalarials,9PMIEighth annual report to Congress.http://www.pmi.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/pmi-reports/pmireport_final.pdf?sfvrsn=16Google Scholar the Initiative employs a stringent quality assurance and quality control strategy, ensuring that only good quality drugs are used in support of US Government malaria programmes not only in sub-Saharan Africa, but also the greater Mekong subregion. Although there are various estimates of the burden of fake drugs, WHO believes that fake medicines are now a US$75 billion per year industry.10Beard S Fake pharmaceuticals are a $75 billion global industry.http://www.marketplace.org/topics/world/fake-pharmaceuticals-are-75-billion-global-industryGoogle Scholar We agree with Newton and colleagues that more must be done to assure quality of medicines, and second their call for an international public health convention on the topic. I declare no competing interests. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development. Falsified medicines in Africa: all talk, no actionPoor-quality medicines and medical products, both substandard and falsified, cause avoidable morbidity, mortality, drug resistance, and loss of faith in health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.1–3 We report the analysis of two falsified medicines from Angola and discuss what lessons such a discovery could hold. Full-Text PDF Open Access