tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clarification of the Goals of the National Institutes of Health Symposium on Bariatric Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Anita P. Courcoulas, Susan Z. Yanovski, Mary Horlick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
How to Identify Suicidal People: A Systematic Approach to Risk Assessment
Authors: Julie Low
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 March 2001How to Identify Suicidal People: A Systematic Approach to Risk AssessmentJulie Low, MDJulie Low, MDDepartment of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Low)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-6-200103200-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail White TW. 212 pages. Philadelphia: Charles Pr; 1999. $23.95. ISBN 0914783831. Order phone 215-545-8933.Field of medicine: Psychiatry.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Psychiatrists, primary care physicians, psychologists, social workers, and other mental health practitioners who evaluate potentially suicidal patients.Purpose: To provide a step-by-step approach to evaluation and risk assessment in potentially suicidal patients.Content: The first two chapters provide an overview of the problems involved in suicide assessment and present a suicide risk assessment system. Chapters 3 through 6 describe in detail the data that one must collect about a patient to determine whether and to what extent he ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Low) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 March 2001Volume 134, Issue 6Page: 536KeywordsBehaviorMedical risk factorsPrimary care physiciansPsychiatry and mental healthPsychologistsPsychologyRisk assessmentsRisk managementSoftware toolsSuicide ePublished: 20 March 2001 Issue Published: 20 March 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Acquired Cyclic Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia Associated with an Immunoglobulin Blocking the Action of Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: R. Hoffman, R. A. Briddell, K. Van Besien, Edward Srour, T. Guscar, N. W. Hudson, A. Ganser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

INCREASING evidence over the past decade has indicated that certain patients with aplastic anemia and single-lineage deficiencies of hematopoietic cells have disorders of immunologic origin.1 2 3 Recently, a family of specific glycoproteins collectively known as colony-stimulating factors, which interact to control the differentiation of hematopoietic cells, have been identified, purified, and cloned.4 5 6 Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates the development of megakaryocyte colony-forming units (CFU-MK) as well as granulocytes and macrophages. We report evidence that cyclic amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia may be due to an antibody that selectively blocks the action of GM-CSF on megakaryocyte progenitor cells.Case ReportA 21-year-old woman first experienced . . .
<i>GAB2</i> Amplifications Refine Molecular Classification of Melanoma
Authors: Karen A. Chernoff, Lindsey Bordone, Basil Horst, Katherine Simon, William Twadell, Keagan Lee, Jason A. Cohen, Shuang Wang, David N. Silvers, Georg Brunner, Julide Tok Celebi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Gain-of-function mutations in BRAF, NRAS, or KIT are associated with distinct melanoma subtypes with KIT mutations and/or copy number changes frequently observed among melanomas arising from sun-protected sites, such as acral skin (palms, soles, and nail bed) and mucous membranes. GAB2 has recently been implicated in melanoma pathogenesis, and increased copy numbers are found in a subset of melanomas. We sought to determine the association of increased copy numbers of GAB2 among melanoma subtypes in the context of genetic alterations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT. Experimental Design: A total of 85 melanomas arising from sun-protected (n = 23) and sun-exposed sites (n = 62) were analyzed for copy number changes using array-based comparative genomic hybridization and for gain-of-function mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT. Results: GAB2 amplifications were found in 9% of the cases and were associated with melanomas arising from acral and mucosal sites (P = 0.005). Increased copy numbers of the KIT locus were observed in 6% of the cases. The overall mutation frequencies for BRAF and NRAS were 43.5% and 14%, respectively, and were mutually exclusive. Among the acral and mucosal melanomas studied, the genetic alteration frequency was 26% for GAB2, 13% for KIT, 30% for BRAF, and 4% for NRAS. Importantly, the majority of GAB2 amplifications occurred independent from genetic events in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT. Conclusions: GAB2 amplification is critical for melanomas arising from sun-protected sites. Genetic alterations in GAB2 will help refine the molecular classification of melanomas.
Involvement of 5-HT2 receptors in chronic endothelial dysfunction after balloon injury of porcine coronary arteries.
Authors: T Shibano, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Endothelium-dependent, pertussis toxin-sensitive relaxation to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is impaired selectively after balloon injury of porcine coronary artery, followed by regeneration of the endothelial cells. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that 5-HT, released from aggregating platelets, affects the progression of the endothelial dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Yorkshire pigs were assigned randomly to three groups: control group (standard diet), denudation group (high-cholesterol diet plus balloon denudation of the endothelium of coronary artery under fluoroscopy), and DV-7028-treated group (denudation group plus chronic treatment with the selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist DV-7028, given from the first day on after balloon denudation). Four weeks after the denudation, quantitative angiography revealed that 5-HT injected into the coronary artery decreased the luminal diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery at the denuded site in the denudation group but not in the control or the DV-7028-treated group. Then, animals were killed so we could study the endothelium-dependent responses of their coronary arteries in conventional organ chambers. The arteries from the denudation group exhibited less relaxation to 5-HT and sodium fluoride (a stimulant of G proteins) than those of the control group. Relaxations to 5-HT and sodium fluoride were greater in arteries from the DV-7028-treated group than in those from the denudation group. In contrast, the endothelium-dependent, pertussis toxin-insensitive relaxations to bradykinin and thrombin and the endothelium-independent relaxations to sodium nitroprusside and isoproterenol were not affected significantly by chronic treatment with DV-7028. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 5-HT2 receptors are involved in the chronic progression of endothelial dysfunction after balloon denudation in the porcine coronary artery.
Medical discipline. Part IV. Constitutional considerations--administrative regulation
Authors: B. E. Vodicka
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THEORIES of criminal law and penology that place emphasis on rehabilitation rather than punishment of criminal offenders, coupled with a propensity to view suspension or revocation of professional licenses as punishment, have caused some confusion regarding the applicability of rules of criminal law to medical board proceedings.  Entrapment  In criminal cases, entrapment is an accepted defense to commission of a wrongful act. It is successfully advanced by proving that the offense charged would not have been committed except for the trickery, persuasion, or fraud of a law officer or paid informer. The essential elements of the defense are a lack of criminal intent by the defendant prior to his contact with the officer and inducement or procurement of a criminal act by the officer, resulting in a crime that otherwise would not have been committed. This defense is not grounded on constitutional provisions. Rather, it springs from the widely approved
Salivary Gland Uptake of Gallium-67 Citrate after Sialography
Authors: TOMOMITSU HIGASHI, YUTAKA MORI, HIROYUKI IKUTA, HIDEOTOSHI MOTOHASHI, KOREAKI SUGA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Sialography may cause greatly increased Ga-67 activity within otherwise normal salivary glands. Five patients are presented in whom sialography with oily contrast material injected 8–26 days before Ga-67 imaging produced strongly positive examinations. In each patient it appears that sialography rather than pre-existing pathologic conditions accounted for the increased activity. Sialography-induced subclinical sialadenitis may be the mechanism for the phenomenon.
Problems in Contraception
Authors: Mortimer B. Lipsett, Jerry W. Combs, Kevin Catt, Daniel G. Seigel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Earlier projections of birth rate were erroneous because of inadequate appreciation of the many and changing variables: rates of industrialization, educational levels, changes in economic activity, rates of family formation, marriage, timing of births, and so forth. Although a decline in fertility may be projected over the next few years, the rising proportion of women of child-bearing age will result in higher birth rates. Many women still have more children than they say they want, and family planning has been accepted by most American women. Although only a few women receiving oral contraceptives become hypertensive, almost all women show an increase in plasma renin activity, plasma renin substrate, and angiotensin II. Hemodynamic studies show small but consistent. increases in cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure. The oral contraceptives have been associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic disorders and death from pulmonary embolism. The relative risk of venous thromboembolism increases with increasing dose of estrogen, leading to the recommendation that the oral contraceptives contain no more than 50 µg of mestranol or ethinyl estradiol. Survey of the processes in sperm and ovum maturation and fertilization shows many areas where other approaches to contraception may be fruitful. These include several areas of basic scientific interest: the meiotic stage of spermatogenesis, the control of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, regulation of corpus-luteum life span and steroid synthesis, and the role of progesterone in maintaining a secretory endometrium.
Enzyme Profiles in Pulmonary Infarction
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  I find the article on enzyme profiles by E.L. Coodley, MD, inThe Journal( 207 :1307, 1969) quite confusing. In the body of the paper Dr. Coodley presents evidence that the determination of LDH and its component isoenzymes is of considerable value in helping to distinguish pulmonary from myocardial infarction. Then he mentions that other diseases (pneumonia and heart failure) also cause confusion with which isoenzymes are of less help. But his figures show that most of the elevations of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and butyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) were associated with myocardial infarction. Then in the abstract at the head of the article he makes the statement: The use of isoenzymes was of minimal value in differential diagnosis of this condition [pulmonary infarction]. How can this statement be reconciled with the data he gave and the statements he made in the body of the article?  Perhaps Dr. Coodley
Medicine may become "domain of the privileged"
Authors: A. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The BMA has warned that “medicine is in danger of becoming the domain of the privileged.” Annual complaints about the levels of student debt have taken on a new urgency with the introduction of tuition fees and changes in grant assessment, and fears have been expressed that candidates will not study medicine because of the high costs involved.

Medical students are disproportionately affected by the new system because they will have to find …
The Canadian National Breast Screening Study: A Perspective on Criticisms
Authors: Cornelia J. Baines
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Recently published 7-year results from the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) generated much controversy and criticism. In women aged 40 to 49 years at entry, no reduction in breast cancer mortality was observed when screened women were compared with virtually unscreened women. In women aged 50 to 59 years, breast cancer mortality was similar when annual screening with mammography and physical examination was compared with annual screening with physical examination alone. Although NBSS results in 40- to 49-year-old women are similar to those from previously published screening studies, critics have attacked the study's design, randomization, execution, mammography, follow-up procedures, contamination of controls, and analysis. The absence of benefit observed in mammographically screened women who were 50 to 59 years old has been used to support criticism of mammography. Important facts have been ignored. The NBSS controls, aged 50 to 59 years, unlike in other studies, received thorough annual physical examinations. Cancer detection rates in both age groups were higher in the mammography than the comparison groups. Screen and interval cancer detection rates, sensitivity and specificity estimates, and prevalence to incidence ratios at first screen met or exceeded standards established by other screening studies. Claims that randomization was flawed, in particular, that more symptomatic women were assigned to mammography, are not supported by the distribution of descriptive variables collected before randomization was done. As for the "contamination" of 26% of controls aged 40 to 49 years, who reported receiving mammography, it is improbable that single or occasional diagnostic mammograms in one quarter of the control group could obliterate the benefit of four or five annual mammograms in almost 100% of the mammography group. Much remains unknown about the efficacy of breast screening.
Is It the Agent or the Blood Pressure Level that Matters for Renal Protection in Chronic Nephropathies?
Authors: Francesco Locatelli, Lucia Del Vecchio, Marco D’Amico, Simeone Andrulli
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Some antihypertensive agents may be capable of reducing chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) progression because they halt some of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in renal damage. Although this effect seems to be partially independent of BP reduction, it is still unclear whether these drugs are really superior to other antihypertensive agents when the BP values recommended by the present guidelines are actually achieved. This is particularly true when considering that, in published trials, target and achieved BP values were constantly higher than those nowadays recommended. Furthermore, in the majority of these studies, patients treated with ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I) or Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ATIIRA) achieved lower BP values than those in control groups and BP values during 24 h were not recorded. Anyway, taking into account the role of baseline and follow-up BP values, the treatment effect remained significant in almost all of the multivariate models. These findings suggest that the renoprotective effect of these agents (ACE-I, ATIIRA) is partially independent of better BP control. However, caution should be paid in attributing true biologic renoprotective properties to drugs just on the basis of statistical adjustments of BP values, although robustly performed, without being aware of what those BP values actually reflect. E-mail: [email protected]
Cardiac Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Coronary Stenting (CRISP Stent) Study
Authors: Stephen P. Hoole, Patrick M. Heck, Linda Sharples, Sadia N. Khan, Rudolf Duehmke, Cameron G. Densem, Sarah C. Clarke, Leonard M. Shapiro, Peter M. Schofield, Michael O'Sullivan, David P. Dutka
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Myocyte necrosis as a result of elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) occurs in approximately one third of cases and is associated with subsequent cardiovascular events. This study assessed the ability of remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) to attenuate cardiac troponin I (cTnI) release after elective PCI. Methods and Results— Two hundred forty-two consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI with undetectable preprocedural cTnI were recruited. Subjects were randomized to receive remote IPC (induced by three 5-minute inflations of a blood pressure cuff to 200 mm Hg around the upper arm, followed by 5-minute intervals of reperfusion) or control (an uninflated cuff around the arm) before arrival in the catheter laboratory. The primary outcome was cTnI at 24 hours after PCI. Secondary outcomes included renal dysfunction and major adverse cardiac and cerebral event rate at 6 months. The median cTnI at 24 hours after PCI was lower in the remote IPC compared with the control group (0.06 versus 0.16 ng/mL; P =0.040). After remote IPC, cTnI was &lt;0.04 ng/mL in 44 patients (42%) compared with 24 in the control group (24%; P =0.01). Subjects who received remote IPC experienced less chest discomfort ( P =0.0006) and ECG ST-segment deviation ( P =0.005) than control subjects. At 6 months, the major adverse cardiac and cerebral event rate was lower in the remote IPC group (4 versus 13 events; P =0.018). Conclusion— Remote IPC reduces ischemic chest discomfort during PCI, attenuates procedure-related cTnI release, and appears to reduce subsequent cardiovascular events.
PORCELAIN FAUCET HANDLE INJURIES
Authors: Harold P. Maloney
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The porcelain faucet handle as a common household hazard has received too scanty attention. Not only are the injuries incurred painful and dangerous, but the resulting disabilities are often prolonged because of the frequency of nerve and tendon damage. The matter has not been entirely neglected, but, probably owing to the manner in which papers have been titled, search of the recent literature has not yielded any information of like character. Over a period of four years about twenty cases have been seen in the office, in the emergency service of a private hospital and at the public health center. Five office cases are presented here in brief to illustrate the variety of injuries. All the injuries were produced by one of the two types of china or porcelain handles illustrated (fig. 1). The porcelain is cemented with plaster of paris over a metal core or about a central metal
Therapeutic Effects of MicroRNA-582-5p and -3p on the Inhibition of Bladder Cancer Progression
Authors: Keita Uchino, Fumitaka Takeshita, Ryou-u Takahashi, Nobuyoshi Kosaka, Kae Fujiwara, Haruna Naruoka, Satoru Sonoke, Junichi Yano, Hideo Sasaki, Shiari Nozawa, Miki Yoshiike, Kazuki Kitajima, Tatsuya Chikaraishi, Takahiro Ochiya
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Many reports have indicated that the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with the progression of disease and have identified miRNAs as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. However, the bifunctional mechanisms of miRNA guide and passenger strands in RNA interference (RNAi) therapy have not yet been clarified. Here, we show that miRNA (miR)-582-5p and -3p, which are strongly decreased in high-grade bladder cancer clinical samples, regulate tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, the overexpression of miR-582-5p or -3p reduced the proliferation and invasion of UM-UC-3 human bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, transurethral injections of synthetic miR-582 molecule suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in an animal model of bladder cancer. Most interestingly, our study revealed that both strands of miR-582-5p and -3p suppressed the expression of the same set of target genes such as protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I beta subunit (PGGT1B), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1). Knockdown of these genes using small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and invasiveness of UM-UC-3. These findings uncover the unique regulatory pathway involving tumor suppression by both strands of a single miRNA that is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Many reports have indicated that the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with the progression of disease and have identified miRNAs as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. However, the bifunctional mechanisms of miRNA guide and passenger strands in RNA interference (RNAi) therapy have not yet been clarified. Here, we show that miRNA (miR)-582-5p and -3p, which are strongly decreased in high-grade bladder cancer clinical samples, regulate tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, the overexpression of miR-582-5p or -3p reduced the proliferation and invasion of UM-UC-3 human bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, transurethral injections of synthetic miR-582 molecule suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in an animal model of bladder cancer. Most interestingly, our study revealed that both strands of miR-582-5p and -3p suppressed the expression of the same set of target genes such as protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I beta subunit (PGGT1B), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1). Knockdown of these genes using small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and invasiveness of UM-UC-3. These findings uncover the unique regulatory pathway involving tumor suppression by both strands of a single miRNA that is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer.
A PHARMACOKINETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO NOVEL MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM PHASE I CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: SA McQuarrie, AJB McEwan, L Golberg, GD MacLean, TR Sykes, AA Noujaim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

S of the Society of Nuclear Medicine in Canada and Prairie Provinces Chapter, SNM Conjoint Meeting: PDF Only
Clinical Hypocompetence: The Interview
Authors: FREDERIC W. PLATT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

In observing more than 300 clinical interviews, we have seen a high frequency of physician-engendered defects. Most of the defective examples can be classified as one or a combination of five syndromes: therapeutic lack; inattention to primary data (symptoms); a high control style; an incomplete data base usually omitting patient-centered data and active problems other than the present illness; and a thoughtless interview in which the physician fails to formulate needed working hypotheses. Proper diagnosis of these defects allows for better prescription of educational correction.