tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Automatic processing results in conscious representations
Authors: Joseph Tzelgov, Dana Ganor, Vered Yehene
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

We apply Dienes &amp; Perner's (D&amp;P's) framework to the automatic/nonautomatic processing contrast. Our analysis leads to the conclusion that automatic and nonautomatic processing result in representations that have explicit results. We propose equating consciousness with explicitness of aspects rather than with full explicitness as defined by D&amp;P.
Asiatic Cholera; Atmospheric Phenomena in December, 1847; Cholera; its Non-contagious Character; Theory of its Production and Pathology; Influence of Atmospheric Conditions; Predisposing Causes ; Hygienic Rules to be observed; Cases and Treatment; Necessity for a due Supply of Oxygen to the Blood; Action of Calomel and of Tartar Emetic.
Authors: E.V. Mainwaring
Journal: The Lancet (1848)
Putting Babies "Back to Sleep"
Authors: Julie Graves Moy
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Emerging bacterial zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. Ecological and epidemiological factors
Authors: D. H. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Among the etiologic agents of emerging infectious diseases are several bacterial organisms that naturally reside in animal and arthropod hosts. The most compelling emerging bacterial zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in the United States are Lyme disease; a Southern erythema migrans-like illness; human monocytic ehrlichiosis; human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; a novel cat flea-associated typhus group rickettsiosis; bartonelloses of immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons, particularly with AIDS; and sylvatic plague. Some of these antimicrobial-treatable infections are life threatening. During the acute stage of illness when antimicrobial agents are most effective, the flulike clinical signs and symptoms and available laboratory tests frequently do not point to a particular diagnosis. Epidemiological factors determined by the ecology of the bacteria are often the most useful diagnostic clues. The recognition of these evolving problems emphasizes the need for development of better laboratory diagnostic methods, for surveillance for and tracking of disease, and for continued research into factors contributing to transmission of the organisms. The continual appearance of previously unidentified bacterial infections requires prospective national strategies for timely recognition of the syndrome, identification of the agent, establishment of criteria and methods for diagnosis, optimization of the treatment regimen, and determination of successful approaches to prevention and control.
Immobilisation versus immediate mobilisation after intrauterine insemination: randomised controlled trial
Authors: I. M Custers, P. A Flierman, P. Maas, T. Cox, T. J H M Van Dessel, M. H Gerards, M. H Mochtar, C. A H Janssen, F. van der Veen, B. W. J Mol
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of 15 minutes of immobilisation versus immediate mobilisation after intrauterine insemination. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting </b>One academic teaching hospital and six non-academic teaching hospitals. <b>Participants</b> Women having intrauterine insemination for unexplained, cervical factor, or male subfertility. <b>Interventions</b> 15 minutes of immobilisation or immediate mobilisation after insemination. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Ongoing pregnancy per couple. <b>Results</b> 391 couples were randomised; 199 couples were allocated to 15 minutes of immobilisation after intrauterine insemination, and 192 couples were allocated to immediate mobilisation (control). The ongoing pregnancy rate per couple was significantly higher in the immobilisation group than in the control group: 27% (n=54) versus 18% (34); relative risk 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.2 (crude difference in ongoing pregnancy rates: 9.4%, 1.2% to 17%). Live birth rates were 27% (53) in the immobilisation group and 17% (32) in the control group: relative risk 1.6, 1.1 to 2.4 (crude difference for live birth rates: 10%, 1.8% to 18%). In the immobilisation group, the ongoing pregnancy rates in the first, second, and third treatment cycles were 10%, 10%, and 7%. The corresponding rates in the mobilisation group were 7%, 5%, and 5%. <b>Conclusion</b> In treatment with intrauterine insemination, 15 minutes' immobilisation after insemination is an effective modification. Immobilisation for 15 minutes should be offered to all women treated with intrauterine insemination. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN53294431.
Measles viral genomic sequences in intestinal tissue.
Authors: M S Smith
Journal: Gut (1996)

The basal ganglia (BG) participate in aspects of reinforcement learning that require evaluation and selection of motor programs associated with improved performance. However, whether the BG additionally contribute to behavioral variation (“motor exploration”) that forms the substrate for such learning remains unclear. In songbirds, a tractable system for studying BG-dependent skill learning, a role for the BG in generating exploratory variability, has been challenged by the finding that lesions of Area X, the song-specific component of the BG, have no lasting effects on several forms of vocal variability that have been studied. Here we demonstrate that lesions of Area X in adult male zebra finches (<i>Taeniopygia gutatta</i>) permanently eliminate rapid within-syllable variation in fundamental frequency (FF), which can act as motor exploration to enable reinforcement-driven song learning. In addition, we found that this within-syllable variation is elevated in juveniles and in adults singing alone, conditions that have been linked to enhanced song plasticity and elevated neural variability in Area X. Consistent with a model that variability is relayed from Area X, via its cortical target, the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (LMAN), to influence song motor circuitry, we found that lesions of LMAN also eliminate within-syllable variability. Moreover, we found that electrical perturbation of LMAN can drive fluctuations in FF that mimic naturally occurring within-syllable variability. Together, these results demonstrate that the BG are a central source of rapid behavioral variation that can serve as motor exploration for vocal learning. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Many complex motor skills, such as speech, are not innately programmed but are learned gradually through trial and error. Learning involves generating exploratory variability in action (“motor exploration”) and evaluating subsequent performance to acquire motor programs that lead to improved performance. Although it is well established that the basal ganglia (BG) process signals relating to action evaluation and selection, whether and how the BG promote exploratory motor variability remain unclear. We investigated this question in songbirds, which learn to produce complex vocalizations through trial and error. In contrast with previous studies that did not find effects of BG lesions on vocal motor variability, we demonstrate that the BG are an essential source of rapid behavioral variation linked to vocal learning.
Diminutive but Dangerous: A Case of a Polypoid Rectal Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: E. C. McKevitt, A. J. Attwell, J. E. Davis, E. M. Yoshida
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the gastrointestinal tract - entities that are distinct from angiodysplasia and venous varices - present with acute blood loss or chronic anemia. They have been reported in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract after hemorrhage, or are found incidentally. However, polypoid AVMs are unusual, with only seven cases having been reported to date [1] [2] [3] [4] [5], three of which were colonic.
Visual Aids in Cardiologic Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Ernest O. Theilen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book emphasizes some of the recent advances in cardiology more than it does instrumentation and recording techniques per se. The title would suggest that this book is a discussion of the newer investigative methods which have been so valuable in the continued progress of our knowledge of cardiac disease. This general subject is a major part of the book, but chapters are also included on subjects such as the pathologic anatomy of surgically correctable cardiac malformations, the fundamentals of cardiac surgery, anesthesiology and cardiac surgery, the rationale of surgical conduct in closed and open heart procedures, and the postoperative course in cardiac surgery. There are 23 contributors to the book, and many of them are distinguished physicians whose other writings are well known. This book will serve a useful function in familiarizing those who are not cardiologists with some of the techniques available for patient study today.
The Breast Implant Controversy
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

What should be done about breast implants?<sup>1,2</sup> Sometimes competent, informed, and caring physicians come down on opposite sides on a matter of science and practice. In this week's<i>JAMA</i>, the Council on Scientific Affairs and the House of Delegates of the AMA clash fundamentally with the commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration on the issue of silicone gel breast implants. The AMA, speaking for physicians and the full use of patients' informed consent, opts for free choice.<sup>3</sup>The FDA, speaking for law and the public's health, states an entirely different point of view.<sup>4</sup> See also pp 2602 and 2607. With silicone, women are the beneficiaries or the victims, depending on how you tally the huge number of satisfied patients or the large number of adverse effects. Everything we do in life or medicine has associated risks. Literally, "you pays your money and you takes your choice."
Meprobamate and Loss of Vision
Authors: Leo L. Mayer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I should like to call the attention of your readers to the fact that not infrequently patients on meprobamate have found that they have a loss of visual acuity for near objects. This occurs predominantly in individuals under the age of presbyopia and will last as long as these drugs are used. We have found that patients recover their loss of accommodation 48 hours after the drugs have been stopped. It is well known that patients taking belladonna by mouth and diethystilbestrol by injection, and others on large doses of bromides will have partial or complete paralysis of accommodation. I mention this because of the indiscriminate use of meprobamate in the past years.
Salt Content of Kosher Meat
Authors: Seymour M. Glick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter to the editor by Burns and Neubort<sup>1</sup>about reduction in the salt content of kosher meat through soaking presents important practical information for those treating Jewish patients. I should like to call to the attention of the correspondents and of the readers a letter that appeared in a December 1953 issue of<i>JAMA</i>from Dr Bruno Kisch<sup>2</sup>who carried out similar but somewhat more detailed experiments with similar results. From his data it appears to be useful to advise the patient who "koshers" his meat by salting to use the minimal amount of salt acceptable by ritual law, for the minimal period of time before soaking or boiling. It is also preferable to purchase meat that is obtained from a butcher who salts an entire side of animal rather than to "kosher" small household portions individually, because the amount of salt per gram
Now for the Latest News
Authors: Gail McBride
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Increasingly, writers for<i>JAMA</i>'s MEDICAL NEWS section are encountering the "buttoned-lip syndrome" at national specialty society meetings. Those afflicted with this syndrome are most often young clinical investigators affiliated with productive research groups and obviously enthusiastic about the research findings they are presenting to their peers. But because they fear they may jeopardize acceptance of their reports for publication in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)</i>, they are loathe to give information to the press. The reason? Arnold Relman, MD, editor of the<i>NEJM</i>, has a policy of withdrawing or not considering a paper for publication if a report of the findings—even an abbreviated one—appears in the popular or medical press before formal publication in the<i>NEJM</i>. The situation has progressed to the point that some investigators succumb to the buttoned-lip syndrome<i>just in case</i>, that is, even<i>before</i>they have submitted a paper for consideration to the
Genetic Alterations That Inhibit In Vivo Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy Prevent Cardiac Dysfunction Despite Increased Wall Stress
Authors: Giovanni Esposito, Antonio Rapacciuolo, Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad, Hideyuki Takaoka, Steven A. Thomas, Walter J. Koch, Howard A. Rockman
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — A long-standing hypothesis has been that hypertrophy is compensatory and by normalizing wall stress acts to maintain normal cardiac function. Epidemiological data, however, have shown that cardiac hypertrophy is associated with increased mortality, thus casting doubt on the validity of this hypothesis. Methods and Results — To determine whether cardiac hypertrophy is necessary to preserve cardiac function, we used 2 genetically altered mouse models that have an attenuated hypertrophic response to 8 weeks of pressure overload. End-systolic wall stress (ς es ) obtained by sonomicrometry after 1 week of pressure overload showed complete normalization of ς es in pressure-overloaded wild-type mice (287±39 versus sham, 254±34 g/cm 2 ), whereas the blunted hypertrophic response in the transgenic mice was inadequate to normalize ς es (415±81 g/cm 2 , P &lt;0.05). Remarkably, despite inadequate normalization of ς es , cardiac function as measured by serial echocardiography showed little deterioration in either of the pressure-overloaded genetic models with blunted hypertrophy. In contrast, wild-type mice with similar pressure overload showed a significant increase in chamber dimensions and progressive deterioration in cardiac function. Analysis of downstream signaling pathways in the late stages of pressure overload suggests that phosphoinositide 3-kinase may play a pivotal role in the transition from hypertrophy to heart failure. Conclusions — These data suggest that under conditions of pressure overload, the development of cardiac hypertrophy and normalization of wall stress may not be necessary to preserve cardiac function, as previously hypothesized.
Predicting GFR in children and adults: A comparison of the Cockcroft-Gault, Schwartz, and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formulas
Authors: Annick Pierrat, Elisabeth Gravier, Claude Saunders, Marie-Véronique Caira, Zakia Aït-Djafer, Bernard Legras, Jean-Pierre Mallié
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia
Authors: Dwight Dickinson, Wendy Tenhula, Sarah Morris, Clayton Brown, Jason Peer, Katrina Spencer, Lan Li, James M. Gold, Alan S. Bellack
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

There is considerable interest in cognitive remediation for schizophrenia, but its essential components are still unclear. The goal of the current study was to develop a broadly targeted computer-assisted cognitive remediation program and conduct a rigorous clinical trial in a large group of schizophrenia patients.Sixty-nine people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to 36 sessions of computer-assisted cognitive remediation or an active control condition. Remediation broadly targeted cognitive and everyday performance by providing supportive, graduated training and practice in selecting, executing, and monitoring cognitive operations. It used engaging computer-based cognitive exercises and one-on-one training. A total of 61 individuals (34 in remediation group, 27 in control group) engaged in treatment, completed posttreatment assessments, and were included in intent-to-treat analyses. Primary outcomes were remediation exercise metrics, neuropsychological composites (episodic memory, working memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed), and proxy measures of community functioning.Regression modeling indicated that performance on eight of 10 exercise metrics improved significantly more in the remediation condition than in the control condition. The mean effect size, favoring the remediation condition, was 0.53 across all 10 metrics. However, there were no significant benefits of cognitive remediation on any neuropsychological or functional outcome measure, either immediately after treatment or at the 3-month follow-up.Cognitive remediation for people with schizophrenia was effective in improving performance on computer exercises, but the benefits of training did not generalize to broader neuropsychological or functional outcome measures. The evidence for this treatment approach remains mixed.
Effect of physical conditioning on blood lactate disappearance after supramaximal exercise.
Authors: B. W. Evans, K. J. Cureton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical conditioning on the rate of blood lactate disappearance during recovery from supramaximal exercise. The rate of blood lactate disappearance was determined in 11 female and 4 male subjects before and after a 6-week conditioning programme. Blood samples were taken during the 30 minutes following supramaximal exercise during both passive (resting) and active recoveries. Pre-test active recovery was performed at 25% VO2 max; post-test active recovery was performed at both the same absolute and relative intensities (% VO2 max) as during the pre-test. Eight of the subjects trained 4 days/week for 6 weeks with high-intensity interval bicycle ergometer exercise, and 7 subjects served as controls. The conditioning programme significantly (p less than .05) increased VO2 max by 6.7 ml/kg.min (15%) and work capacity on the cycle ergometer by 2.8 minutes (27%). Physical conditioning did not affect significantly (p less than .05) the rate of blood lactate disappearance measured during passive recovery or during active recovery at the same absolute intensity, but increased significantly (p less than .05) the rate of blood lactate disappearance during active recovery performed at the same relative exercise intensity. The increased disappearance rate following conditioning was attributed to the higher absolute intensity of recovery work performed.
Megacorporate Health Care
Authors: Steve A. Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

This paper is intended to respond, on the basis of current trends, to the question, What does the future hold for the organization of health care delivery in the next 20 years? The reader is left to decide whether the projections of current events in this paper are reasonable and probable or simply fantasies. What is presented here is a perception of the evolution of health care delivery for the foreseeable future.An increasingly important trend is that toward the integration of financing and programming. More than ever before programming is being shaped largely by financing. With health care costs . . .
D2-01: Prospective trial of preoperative gefitinib to correlate response with EGFR exon 19 and 21 mutations and to select patients for adjuvant gefitinib
Authors: Mark G. Kris, William Pao, Maureen F. Zakowski, M Ladanyi, Robert T. Heelan, L.B. Schwartz, B Zhao, E Venkatraman, Valerie Rusch, Naiyer A. Rizvi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Nanoparticle diffusion in, and microrheology of, the bovine vitreous ex vivo
Authors: Qingguo Xu, Nicholas J. Boylan, Jung Soo Suk, Ying-Ying Wang, Elizabeth A. Nance, Jeh-Chang Yang, Peter J. McDonnell, Richard A. Cone, Elia J. Duh, Justin Hanes
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Medical education must be more patient centred: Si jeunesse savait, si villesse pouvait
Authors: Peter G Davies
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Wellbery seems distressed by her students not appreciating the relevance of what they are studying, especially when it comes to the psychosocial side of medicine.1

I think there are two dynamics in play here. Firstly, the students are rapidly acquiring new skills and knowledge and are proud of their …
Obstructive Uropathy
Authors: William T. Bowles
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the disease pyelonephritis. The role of the indwelling catheter, the cystoscope, and retrograde pyelography in the production of bacteriuria and pyelonephritis has been well emphasized. As a consequence, the fear of initiating active renal infection has led to new methods of obtaining and interpreting voided urine specimens in order to avoid catheterization for diagnostic purposes. However, along with this fear has developed a tendency to limit the use of tools which for many years have aided the physician in making the diagnosis of obstructive uropathy, a disease often equally as serious in consequence to the patient as pyelonephritis itself.  The following three cases, seen recently in consultation by the urology service, emphasize the importance of considering obstruction in all cases of urinary infection and azotemia and using the diagnostic tools available when indicated as early as possible.  Report of Cases