tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Was the Historic Contribution of Spain to the Mexican Gene Pool Partially Responsible for the Higher Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican-Origin Populations?
Authors: Carlos Lorenzo, Manel Serrano-Rios, Maria T. Martinez-Larrad, Rafael Gabriel, Ken Williams, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando, Michel P. Stern, Helen P. Hazuda, Steven M. Haffner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Mexican-American populations in San Antonio, Texas (SA-MA) and Mexico have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes than non-Hispanic whites in San Antonio (SA-NHW). However, the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Mexican-origin populations might be related, in part, not to Native American genetic admixture but to Spanish genetic admixture. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Four population-based epidemiological surveys conducted with Mexican-origin and European-origin samples provided data relevant to this question. In all four surveys, type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l or 2-h glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l or use of antidiabetic agents. RESULTS—A comparison of the two Mexican-origin populations showed that the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of type 2 diabetes was lower in Mexico than in SA-MA (15.1 vs. 17.9%, P = 0.032). Between the two European-origin populations, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was lower in SA-NHW than in Spain (6.2 vs. 9.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), but differences were attenuated by adjustment for BMI or after stratification by education. In logistic regression analyses, type 2 diabetes was associated with Mexican ethnic origin after adjusting for age, education, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio. CONCLUSIONS—The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Spain was intermediate between that in Mexican-origin populations and SA-NHW. Although the higher degree of Native American admixture is a major contributor to the higher rates of type 2 diabetes, we cannot completely rule out a partial contribution of Spanish admixture to diabetes susceptibility among Mexican- origin populations.
Cowdry's Arteriosclerosis: A Survey of the Problem
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In 1933 Cowdry's book on arteriosclerosis had a considerable impact on almost everyone interested in cardiovascular disease. It also helped establish a comparatively new and increasingly important type of medical publication, the monograph written by a group of experts in a single field. Now 34 years later a second edition of this outstanding book has just been published. In many respects this second weightier volume is a worthy successor to the initial one and in others, through no fault of its own, a considerable letdown. The new edition retains the same broad spirit of inquiry, the same impartiality towards conflicting viewpoints and, in fact, many of the same authors or their immediate successors have contributed to it. Its pathological discussions in the main are excellent, detailed, and well illustrated. This in itself makes the book unique. Because of the catholicity of its approach it has an encyclopedic quality that is
Biological effects of short-term, high-concentration exposure to methyl isocyanate. II. Blood chemistry and hematologic evaluations.
Authors: C M Troup, D E Dodd, E H Fowler, F R Frank
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Human, rat, and guinea pig packed erythrocytes exposed to 100, 500, or 1000 ppm of methyl isocyanate (MIC) vapor in vitro showed a concentration-related inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity. Rat and guinea pig packed erythrocytes showed an almost complete inhibition of ChE activity at 2000 ppm. In vitro exposures of human and guinea pig blood to 1000 or 2000 ppm of MIC vapor resulted in qualitative alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of hemoglobin (Hb) as measured by citrated agar electrophoresis. In rats and guinea pigs, neither IV injection of liquid MIC nor in vivo exposure to 1000 ppm of MIC by inhalation resulted in any inhibition of erythrocyte ChE activity or alteration in Hb electrophoretic mobility. As a result of these observations, it was concluded that neither ChE inhibition nor structural alteration of Hb were major contributing factors to death resulting from MIC exposure. Rats and guinea pigs receiving IV injections of liquid MIC showed an increase in creatine kinase (CK) levels. This increase could not be attributed to a specific isoenzyme of CK by ion exchange chromatography. Rats exposed to 100, 600, or 1000 ppm of MIC and guinea pigs exposed to 25, 125, or 225 ppm of MIC and bled immediately following a 15-min exposure or at 1, 2, 4, or 16 hr postexposure had the following alterations in blood parameters: an increase in CK, increases in hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, reticulocytosis (rats only), neutrophilia, a decrease in blood pH and PO2, and an increase in blood PCO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Medical History of the Spanish Habsburgs
Authors: Gerald P. Hodge
Journal: JAMA (1977)

From the 13th century until well into the 20th, the Habsburgs were one of the great powers in Europe—for most of this time, the leading dynasty. To preserve the purity of the line, marriages between uncles and nieces, aunts and nephews, and cousins were commonplace. As a consequence, genetic complexities developed, and the famous prognathic "Habsburg jaw," among other noticeable traits, was passed down to succeeding generations. Never has a dynasty been so well documented in paintings, and their portraits provide an unusually complete series of medical illustrations that show the facial characteristics that marked the family in general. The observations are confirmed and extended by information from modern medical sources as well as from the medical records that date to the Habsburgs' own times. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1169-1174, 1977)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in a Motel-Reply
Authors: Joseph M. Bistowish
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the additional information that Dr Harlan has provided and regret that this information was not available to other investigators within the health department at the time our manuscript was prepared. He has described well the difficulties that unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning may present diagnostically, and we concur completely. Nonetheless, once carbon monoxide poisoning is considered, the diagnosis may be made definitely with a rapid and widely available diagnostic test. The point we wished to make, however, was that the delay between the time the first victims were found, soon after 11 AM, and the time the last patient arrived at the hospital, at approximately 9:30 PM, need not have been so long. In fact, patients 3 and 4 were found because one of them had recovered sufficiently to telephone for help. It was not our intention to criticize Dr Harlan or his coworkers, but to point
The Use of Alcohol in Health and in Disease
Authors: J. W. Eastwood
Journal: BMJ (1872)

mercial classes, numbering about I,ooo,ooo, we have over 9,ooo,ooo aged twenty years and upwards, with their families, who may be, in the event of sickness, reduced to apply for the assistance of gratuitous medical relief; of these, I,400,000 reside in London.Mr. Fairlie Clarke shows how largely those avail themselves of hospital relief, when I,156,0I6 patients received gratuitous relief during the year.I have already mentioned that 70,000 was the average of destitute poor from sickness in the metropolis.The whole of England and Wales, exclusive of the metropolis, gives outdoor paupers, exclusive of insane and vagrants, 8So, 709; of these, over 406,ooo were pauperised from sickness, and I68,ooo destitute from temporary sickness.If we deduct 800,000 for the professional and commercial classes and their families in the metropolis, and 140,000 poor from the total, there will be con- siderably over 2,ooo,ooo persons in the metropolis by whom provident dispensaries may be established and supported.A similar calculation for England and Wales, exclusive of the metropolis, will give somewhat over 2,000,000 for the professional and commercial classes and their families, and 1,037,360 paupers of all classes, leaving a balance of over i6,ooo,coo by whom provident dispensaries may be established and supported.Thus amongst the three classes-domestic, agricultural, and indus- trial-there are over 2,000,000 in the metropolis, and I6,000,000 tlhrouglhout the rest of England, to establish and support provident dis- pensaries.The total population of England and Wales is close upon 23,cOO,000; of these, 12,000,000 reside in cities.The number of me- dical men in England and Wales is a little over 14,000.The slightest calculation will show that there is, therefore, an average of I,700 per- sons in England and Wales to each medical man.If each of these paid four shillings a year, or less than one penny a week, it would enable them to form 14,000 mnedical clubs, with an income of £350 a year to each.I take the number 14,000, as it happens to be the number of me(lical men at present, thouigh the number is diminishing rapidly.This does not appear to be an extravagant amount to pay for medical attendance; and there are probably many members of the pro- fession who would accept clubs on these terms.But medical clubs are not formed; and why ?The fault rests principally amongst ourselves.We have squandered our skilled advice and assistance; we have almost thrust it on the public, in spite of themselves.It has come to that point, that it is not accepted as a compliment, but demanded as a right.A medical man now-a-days is expected to be the incarnation of
Physical Therapy and Exercise in Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Mark E. Mayer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters6 June 2000Physical Therapy and Exercise in Osteoarthritis of the KneeMark E. Mayer, MDMark E. Mayer, MDCleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195 (Mayer)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-11-200006060-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Deyle and colleagues' recent study (1) confirms my clinical observations that physical therapy has beneficial effects for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, but it does not answer an important question about the effect of therapy. Patients who received a rehabilitation regimen that included manual physical therapy and supervised exercise had an improved walking distance over 6 minutes after the initial 4-week intervention, and this effect lasted 1 year. The study group was only one fourth as likely to undergo knee replacement over the year of observation.However, because the control group received ultrasound therapy at a ...Reference1. Deyle GD, Henderson NE, Matekel RL, Ryder MG, Garber MB, Allison SC. Effectiveness of manual physical therapy and exercise in osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:173-81. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195 (Mayer) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffectiveness of Manual Physical Therapy and Exercise in Osteoarthritis of the Knee Gail D. Deyle , Nancy E. Henderson , Robert L. Matekel , Michael G. Ryder , Matthew B. Garber , and Stephen C. Allison Metrics Cited byThe efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in the knee and physical therapy agents to treat Kashin-Beck disease: A prospective interventional studyTHERAPEUTIC EXERCISE PRODUCES LESS PROINFLAMMATORY AND MORE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES CAUSED BY OSTEOARTHRITIS 6 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 11Page: 923KeywordsDisabilitiesExerciseExercise therapyKneesOsteoarthritisUltrasound imagingWalking Issue Published: 6 June 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Ergoloid Mesylates for Senile Dementias: Unanswered Questions
Authors: LEO E. HOLLISTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Ergoloid mesylates has been used for 30 years to treat patients with senile dementia. Indications for this drug include hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Formerly classified as a cerebral vasodilator, ergoloid mesylates is now considered a metabolic enhancer, but how this action pertains to treatment of senile dementia is uncertain. Prescribed doses of the drug range from 1.5 mg/d to as much as 12 mg/d, but the optimal dose is unknown. Although there is evidence of the short-term efficacy of ergoloid mesylates from numerous controlled trials, many clinicians still consider it to be a placebo. No alternative drug treatments have been proved better. The crucial decision a physician must make is whether to try specific drug therapy or rely solely on supportive care and symptomatic drug treatment. The increasing prevalence of senile dementia has renewed interest in discovering more effective drug treatments for this condition.
Abstract 360: Erlotinib inhibits growth of a patient derived chordoma tumor xenograft.
Authors: I-Mei Siu, Peter C. Burger, Qi Zhao, Jacob Ruzevick, Nick Connis, Christine L. Hann, Gary L. Gallia
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chordomas are rare primary bone tumors that occur along the neuraxis. Current treatment includes surgical resection and often postoperative radiotherapy. Despite treatment, local recurrence occurs in the majority of patients and metastasis is frequent. Treatment options for patients with recurrence is limited and, notably, there are no FDA approved chemotherapeutic agents. Median survival is approximately 7 years. The lack of treatment options is in part due to the paucity of preclinical model systems for this tumor. We have previously established a serially transplantable animal model directly from human chordoma tissue. Further analysis of this patient derived xenograft demonstrates that subsequent passages continue to resemble the original patient tumor histologically and immunohistochemically and maintain nuclear expression of brachyury, a marker for chordoma. Genome wide variation between the patient's tumor and xenografts continues to be more than 99% concordant. To further characterize this model, a receptor tyrosine kinase screen of more than 70 kinases was evaluated and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was found to be the most activated kinase. In vitro studies demonstrate that EGFR inhibitors, such as erlotinib and gefitinib, inhibit growth of a validated human chordoma cell line, U-CH1. In vivo studies demonstrate that erlotinib significantly inhibits growth of this patient derived chordoma xenograft. Evaluation of tumors post-treatment reveals that erlotinib reduces tumor proliferation and phosphorylation of EGFR. Taken together, these findings demonstrate targeting EGFR can inhibit chordoma growth in vivo and support further clinical evaluation of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of this disease. Citation Format: I-Mei Siu, Peter C. Burger, Qi Zhao, Jacob Ruzevick, Nick Connis, Christine L. Hann, Gary L. Gallia. Erlotinib inhibits growth of a patient derived chordoma tumor xenograft. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 360. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-360
Proximal tubule H-ferritin mediates iron trafficking in acute kidney injury
Authors: Abolfazl Zarjou, Subhashini Bolisetty, Reny Joseph, Amie Traylor, Eugene O. Apostolov, Paolo Arosio, Jozsef Balla, Jill Verlander, Deepak Darshan, Lukas C. Kuhn, Anupam Agarwal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Ferritin plays a central role in iron metabolism and is made of 24 subunits of 2 types: heavy chain and light chain. The ferritin heavy chain (FtH) has ferroxidase activity that is required for iron incorporation and limiting toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of FtH in acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal iron handling by using proximal tubule–specific FtH-knockout mice (FtHPT–/– mice). FtHPT–/– mice had significant mortality, worse structural and functional renal injury, and increased levels of apoptosis in rhabdomyolysis and cisplatin-induced AKI, despite significantly higher expression of heme oxygenase-1, an antioxidant and cytoprotective enzyme. While expression of divalent metal transporter-1 was unaffected, expression of ferroportin (FPN) was significantly lower under both basal and rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI in FtHPT–/– mice. Apical localization of FPN was disrupted after AKI to a diffuse cytosolic and basolateral pattern. FtH, regardless of iron content and ferroxidase activity, induced FPN. Interestingly, urinary levels of the iron acceptor proteins neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, hemopexin, and transferrin were increased in FtHPT–/– mice after AKI. These results underscore the protective role of FtH and reveal the critical role of proximal tubule FtH in iron trafficking in AKI.
Industrial preparation of poly(vinyl chloride).
Authors: G F Cohan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Vinyl chloride (VCM) is unloaded from railroad tank cars or tank trucks into pressurized storage spheres. VCM, emulsifiers, and catalysts are metered into polymerization vessels wherein PVC is produced through a chemical reaction in an aqueous medium under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure. After the reaction reaches a predetermined completion, the contents are transferred to a secondary vessel wherein steam is injected and the VCM containing vapors are pumped to a recovery system. The VCM-containing vapors are compressed, cooled, condensed, decanted, and recycled to the process for reuse. The stripped PVC resin water slurry is then pumped to blending tanks where the batches from multiple reaction vessels are blended for product uniformity. From the plant tanks the PVC resin water slurry is pumped to a dewatering centrifuge, where approximately 90% of the water is removed and subsequently discharged to the industrial sewer system. The PVC resin wet cake is conveyed from the centrifuge to a flash dryer where essentially all the remaining water is removed. At this point, the dry resin is buoyant in an air stream and enters a two-stage collection system for separation of conveying air. The PVC resin is then screened and air-conveyed to storage for bulk shipment, compounding, or bagging.
Survey of informed consent for endoscopy
Authors: A I THURAISINGAM
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—Informed consent is an integral part of good medical practice. The recently published Department of Health (DoH) reference guide to consent for examination or treatment lays out the most up to date recommendations for obtaining consent.1 It includes guidance relating to the timing of consent and the provision of sufficient information for valid consent. For gastroenterologists, consent for procedures usually relates to endoscopy, and guidelines for this have also been produced by the British …
Hospital breached boy's human rights by treating him against his mother's wishes
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The human rights of a 12 year old boy with profound disabilities and his mother were violated when doctors overrode her wishes and gave him diamorphine, the European court of human rights ruledlast week.

The unanimous ruling confirms that doctors cannot impose treatment on a child against a parent's wishes. If the parent refuses consent, the court's approval must be sought.

Carol Glass told doctors she wanted her son David, who was in St Mary's Hospital in Portsmouthin 1998 with a respiratory tract infection, to be resuscitated if his heart stopped. But doctors put a “Do not resuscitate” order in his …
CS-01 * THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF ATOH1 LEADS TO ITS DEGRADATION MEDIATED BY THE E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE HUWE1 IN GRANULE NEURON PROGENITORS
Authors: L. Bihannic, A. Forget, S. M. Cigna, C. Lefevre, M. Remke, M. Barnat, S. Dodier, H. Shirvani, A. Mercier, A. Mensah, M. Garcia, S. Humbert, M. D. Taylor, A. Lasorella, O. Ayrault
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor and is divided in four subgroups by gene profiling. The well-known subgroup harboring an activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)/Patched (PTCH) pathway shows an upregulation of the pro-neural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Atoh1. Atoh1 is essential for cerebellum development and more specifically for the formation of the granule neuron progenitors (GNPs), which are the cells of origin of SHH induced medulloblastoma. In tumoral context, Atoh1 acts as a pro-tumor factor in cooperation with SHH/PTCH pathway and its inhibition prevents medulloblastoma proliferation in vitro and in vivo. However, to date, mechanisms underlying Atoh1 regulation remained to be elucidated. We recently found that the mitogen SHH, by regulating Atoh1 phosphorylation, can protect Atoh1 against Huwe1-mediated degradation. We also showed that Atoh1 degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Huwe1 was required for proper cerebellum development. Moreover, low expression of HUWE1 in human Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma subgroup was associated with a poor survival rate of patients. Together, we uncovered a signaling pathway that controls the balance between neuronal proliferation and differentiation in GNPs and that could be further targeted in order to elaborate new therapeutic strategies.
The Common Bile Duct: Operative Cholangiography, Biliary Endoscopy, and Choledocholithotomy
Authors: Gordon A. Donaldson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In an age when operative cholangiography has become increasingly popular, it is timely to find a text in which the collaborative efforts of radiologist and surgeon are presented in one volume. The experienced team at the Montefiore Hospital has provided such a book. Although the text emphasizes the technical details of the roentgen diagnosis and the surgical management of patients with duct calculi, it gives considerable space to interpretation of pathological findings, both radiological and surgical, and each section concludes with a critique of the three methods of investigating the biliary tract.  Over half of the volume is devoted to cholangiography of the normal and abnormal bile duct. The technique of visualization, preoperative (including the transhepatic approach), intraoperative, and post-operative, are elaborated at length, and the interpretation of numerous pathological conditions are discussed. The entire section is richly illustrated, and the clarity of the roentgenogram reproductions is a tribute to
New TB Guidelines
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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