tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE HAIR-CELLS OF THE ACOUSTIC AND AMPULLAR AREAS OF THE EAR.
Authors: B. ALEX. RANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

There ought to be small difficulty in demonstrating these structures to the satisfaction of the trained microscopist, who is accustomed to piece together fragmentary structures in full realization of the infrequency of ideally complete preparations; but those more engrossed in clinical medicine are less apt to obtain from our usually imperfect specimens a clear and coherent picture. The less direct method, therefore, of tracing the development of these specialized cells and their auxiliary apparatus from the primordial blastoderm, has the advantage of showing with greater ease and certainty the differentiation of these and adjacent cells of like origin; the building up of the complex structures of which they form a part and by a series of demonstrations, confessedly imperfect individually, it forms a sort of composite picture little short of the ideally complete. Shortly after the formation of the cerebro-spinal axis by involution of the epiblast, a similar process at
Diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound of a large aberrant pancreas mimicking malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach
Authors: T. Akaraviputh, A. Manuyakorn, V. Lohsiriwat
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 78-year-old woman was referred to our hospital complaining of dysphagia and weight loss. Gastroscopy showed a large submucosal lesion at the lesser curvature of the stomach ([Fig. 1]). Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large tumor at the lesser curvature of the stomach ([Fig. 2]), which was diagnosed as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach. However, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed a heterogeneous lesion with a small anechoic area ([Fig. 3]), which was suspected to be aberrant pancreas or malignancy. The patient was successfully treated surgically by wide excision of the lesion ([Fig. 4]). Pathological examinations confirmed a diagnosis of aberrant pancreas ([Fig. 5]).
Scientists Define Proto-Oncogene Product
Authors: J. Corliss
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Scientists Define Proto-Oncogene Product Get access Julie Corliss Julie Corliss Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 3, 7 February 1990, Page 181, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.3.181-a Published: 07 February 1990
Imprecise Incidents of Incidence
Authors: Bruce S. Schoenberg
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— Dr. Lester's letter entitled  Suicide Capital of America (228:1637, 1974) represents another example of the many imprecise incidents of incidence in the medical literature. To the epidemiologist, the term incidence has a very specific meaning, namely, the number of new cases of a particular disease reported over a given period of time divided by the population at risk for the disease over the same period of time. Since a successful suicide attempt always results in death, the incidence rate also represents a mortality rate. The incidence of suicide should not be expressed (as suggested by Lester) as a percentage of all deaths in a given year and locale. This latter measure is more properly termed a cause-specific death ratio, cause of death ratio, or  mortality ratio. The fact that the incidence of suicide and the proportional mortality ratio for suicide are related when analyzed by
Out of hours primary care
Authors: L. Hallam
Journal: BMJ (1997)

without reference to patients' views, with no attempt to involve users in their planning and operation, and with limited efforts to assess patient satisfaction.Without evidence to support a need for uniform standards of service and care, and without a clear idea of what those standards should be, they are likely to maintain their independence of action, as practice rotas have always done.Uniformity is not necessarily a virtue in circumstances where needs and demands for care differ.The importance of flexibility in order to address local needs and circumstances, particularly where services are poor, lies at the heart of the recent government white paper on primary care. 18However, equality of access to uniformly high standards of care is an important goal for primary health care, and increasing variability in the organisation and delivery of out of hours services should not lead to increasing inequality.
Hawkinsinuria
Authors: Bridget Wilcken, Judith W. Hammond, Neville Howard, Timothy Bohane, Charles Hocart, Berthold Halpern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

INBORN errors of amino acid metabolism are almost uniformly inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner, and the heterozygous state is without clinical expression. Exceptions to this pattern are X-linked ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency (and possibly carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase deficiency), in which female heterozygotes may have symptoms of various degrees of severity.1 In 1975, a case of prolonged transient tyrosinemia was described in a girl who had failure to gain weight and metabolic acidosis at six weeks of age after being weaned from the breast. She and her mother both excreted an unusual compound in the urine.2 In 1979, Nieder-wieser and his colleagues identified . . .
A SUCTION HAND-VALVE FOR CLEARING THE OPERATIVE FIELD
Authors: Eugene S. Kilgore
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The hand-valve here described, which is in use in the Students' Infirmary of the University of California, has proved a convenient addition to the suction apparatus for clearing blood or other fluid from the operative field, especially in throat operations. Negative air pressure is secured by use of the ordinary filterpump or ejector attached to a water faucet (Fig. 1). The carboy (<i>b</i>) is added to the system to give greater duration to the suction when it is being drawn on, air being pumped out of it for several minutes before operation begins. The mercury manometer, which hangs on the wall of the operatingroom, is not necessary, but merely a convenience, as it indicates the amount of available negative pressure. The jar (<i>a</i>) receives all of the aspirated fluid, and none of the parts of the system beyond this has to be cleaned. The purpose of the hand-valve is to
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THORACIC SURGERY.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: J. McFADDEN GASTON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In comparing the conditions of surgical resources of former days with the operative measures adopted within the last decade, we can recognize the great advances made in surgery of the chest. It is to be noted, however, that many procedures are yet<i>sub judice</i>, and that the appliances that some have resorted to are not to be considered as established processes of relief for troubles in the thoracic cavity. Decided progress has been made in curative measures, yet there is much to be accomplished in fixing finally the rules which shall govern the surgeon in treating the disorders of the chest. Those who have kept abreast of the literature of thoracic surgery will not be taken by surprise when it is stated that even the mode of dealing with wounds of the parietes of the chest is a mooted point. While the weight of authority is favorable to closing incised
Cancer and heart disease networks face cuts, say charities
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Plans by the NHS Commissioning Board to reorganise clinical networks in England have raised concerns of a loss of expertise and momentum.

The board announced in July that it intended to increase the range of conditions covered by adding two new networks—maternity and children’s health; and mental health, dementia, and neurological conditions—to the existing cancer and cardiovascular disease networks. But specialists have said that the new system will spread resources more thinly and that advances made in care of cancer and stroke patients may be put at risk.

At present there are 56 networks divided equally between cancer and heart disease and stroke. Their job is to improve the delivery of services and reduce variation in a particular geographical area. Under the new system, which comes into force next April, the numbers of networks will be reduced to 12 …
THE STRENGTH OF DIGITALIS IN CLINICAL USE
Authors: EDWARD F. BLAND
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Several instances of serious digitalis intoxication and many of mild poisoning by the drug, even in the practice of the best hospitals and of experienced clinicians, have during the past year called our attention to the need of a brief but forceful note of clarification and of warning.  There is at present considerable confusion with regard to the potency of digitalis used in medical practice. Two factors are chiefly responsible for this state of uncertainty: (1) the adoption by the United States Pharmacopeia in 1936 of an official U. S. P. XI digitalis powder with a potency considerably greater than the U. S. P. X digitalis employed prior to 1936 and (2) the acceptance of the U. S. P. XI unit by some, but not by all, of the nationally known pharmaceutic firms.  THE STANDARDIZATION OF DIGITALIS  The latest revision of the United States Pharmacopeia (eleventh), which became official on
Focal Fatty Infiltration of the Liver Evaluation by Planar and SPECT Images
Authors: DONALD S. SCHAUWECKER, JUSTIN L. WASS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Focal fatty infiltration of the liver (FFIL) characteristically has areas of decreased attenuation on CT. To differentiate FFIL from a tumor or other space-occupying lesion, a Tc-99m colloid liver spleen scan is often requested. A tumor or other space-occupying lesion will appear as a focal defect on the liver spleen scan, while FFIL usually presents with a near normal study, in this case, the CT had the characteristic low density lesion. As would be expected in FFIL, the planar sulfur colloid images were normal. SPECT revealed a focal defect that corresponded to the findings on the CT. Biopsy revealed only fat. Most of the literature concerning normal sulfur colloid scans in FFIL was written before the advent of SPECT. However, SPECT is known to be more sensitive in detecting focal defects than planar imaging. It may be that SPECT can identify focal defects in FFIL and, therefore, may be misleading when attempting to separate FFIL from tumor or space-occupying lesions using the Tc-99m colloid liver spleen scan.
675 The 13C-caffeine breath test predicts the extent of hepatic injury in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: H. Schmilovitz-Weiss, Y. Niv, O. Pappo, M. Halpern, J. Sulkes, M. Braun, M. Cohen, A. Waked, R. Tur-Kaspa, Z. Ben-Ari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
ADCK4 “reenergizes” nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Laura Malaga-Dieguez, Katalin Susztak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome has a poor prognosis and often leads to end-stage renal disease development. In this issue of the JCI, Ashraf and colleagues used exome sequencing to identify mutations in the aarF domain containing kinase 4 (ADCK4) gene that cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Patients with ADCK4 mutations had lower coenzyme Q10 levels, and coenzyme Q10 supplementation ameliorated renal disease in a patient with this particular mutation, suggesting a potential therapy for patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with ADCK4 mutations.
Carbenicillin and Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis
Authors: THOMAS F. O'MEARA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 March 1980Carbenicillin and Pseudomembranous EnterocolitisTHOMAS F. O'MEARA, M.D., ROBERT A. SIMMONS, M.D.THOMAS F. O'MEARA, M.D., ROBERT A. SIMMONS, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-440_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although first described well before the introduction of antimicrobial agents, pseudomembranous enterocolitis is now most commonly seen in patients taking antibiotics (1). Many agents have been implicated, including clindamycin and lincomycin; penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin; both oral and parenteral cephalosporins (including cephalothin and cephalexin); trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; aminoglycosides (including gentamicin and kanamycin); and metronidazole and neomycin. To our knowledge, the following case report is the first to implicate carbenicillin.A 55-year-old male presented with a history of three to five watery stools a day for 2 weeks. He was otherwise asymptomatic, except for mild abdominal cramping and...References1. KAPPASSHINAGAWAARABI ANY. Diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis. Br Med J 1978;1:675-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BARTLETTMOONCHANGTAYLORONDERDONK JNTNA. Role of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Gastroenterology. 1978;75:778-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. TEDESCONAPIERGAMBLECHANGBARTLETT FJWTJ. Therapy of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1979;1:51-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. APPELBAUMCHATTERTON PS. Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to ten antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978;14:371-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedical Management of Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea and ColitisPenicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclinesCarbenicillin and Pseudomembranous EnterocolitisHANNA A. SAADAH, M.D. 1 March 1980Volume 92, Issue 3Page: 440-441KeywordsAntibioticsAntimicrobialsClindamycinEnterocolitisNeomycinsPenicillinTetracyclines Issue Published: 1 March 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with split His bundle potentials. Electrophysiologic and pathologic correlations.
Authors: S Bharati, J H McAnulty, M Lev, S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A 25-year-old white female had idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis proved by catheterization. The ECG revealed left bundle branch block. Electrophysiologic studies revealed normal PA and AH intervals, but the HB interval was prolonged (70 msec). The width of the His spike was 20 msec. A clear, reproducible split His potential was demonstrated with the atrial extrastimulus technique. Because the patient was symptomatic, a permanent pacemaker was inserted. One week later the patient died suddenly. Autopsy revealed an enlarged heart with a markedly thickened and sigmoid ventricular septum and a small and coarsely trabeculated lumen. Histologically the common bundle was situated on the right side of the septum. It was intact at its origin, but showed fibrotic changes more distally. The beginning of the left bundle branch was markedly disrupted as it traversed the septum. The right bundle was moderately fibrosed. There was excellent correlation between the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic findings and the findings in the conduction system. The cause of the sudden death was related either to the outflow obstruction or to an arrhythmia, or both.
Independent studies needed before expanding flu vaccination
Authors: C. A. Michal-Teitelbaum
Journal: BMJ (2014)

McCartney highlights the lack of evidence on mass flu vaccination in the UK, basing her analysis on Cochrane reviews of recommendations for flu vaccination.1

Since the “swine flu pandemic,” official flu recommendations have targeted larger and larger groups of the population in most developed countries. In the US, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices declared in 2010 that “routine influenza …
Reactive oxygen species: their relation to pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis.
Authors: V Vallyathan, X Shi, V Castranova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Occupational exposures to mineral particles cause pneumoconiosis and other diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a key role in the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression following exposure to these particles. ROS-induced primary stimuli result in the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators, promoting events that appear to be important in the progression of cell injury and pulmonary disease. We have provided evidence supporting the hypothesis that inhalation of insoluble particles such as asbestos, agricultural dusts, coal, crystalline silica, and inorganic dust can be involved in facilitating multiple pathways for persistent generation of ROS, which may lead to a continuum of inflammation leading to progression of disease. This article briefly summarizes some of the recent findings from our laboratories with emphasis on the molecular events by which ROS are involved in promoting pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis.
Portal Hypertension Following Cholecystectomy
Authors: K. El Rifi
Journal: BMJ (1963)

was found that good chromosome pictures can be displayed on a 24-in.(61-cm.)television screen using a microscope with a built-in light source (Baker "patho- lette") and a x80 apochromatic objective.This procedure can be useful for teaching purposes.Projecting an enlarged image from a chromosome negative on to a Thorn image-retaining panel2 produced a well-defined orange-coloured luminescent image which increased in intensity the longer the plate was left under the enlarger.The image was retained for half an hour after the enlarger was switched off provided the voltage across the plate was maintained.This'procedure may be of assistance in examining and classifying individual chromosomes.I am indebted to Mr. J. Andrews and Mr. K. Cecil for preparing the chromosomes and buccal smears for examination at this hospital.Also to Miss J. Ishmael and Dr. R. M
Doctors' Pay and Union Muscle — Jumping the Queue — Pigeon Post
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Pay disputes between the medical profession and the government have occurred with monotonous regularity ever since the health service began. These disputes have nearly always followed the familiar cycle of a pay claim, an offer by the government, a rejection or partial rejection of the offer with threats of retaliatory action and, finally, a compromise agreement. It was to avoid this undignified performance that an independent review body was set up in 1962 to advise the Prime Minister on the remuneration of doctors and dentists taking part in the National Health Service (NHS). Initially, this arrangement worked well, the earlier . . .
Endotoxin-induced pulmonary dysfunction is prevented by C1-esterase inhibitor.
Authors: R Guerrero, F Velasco, M Rodriguez, A Lopez, R Rojas, M A Alvarez, R Villalba, V Rubio, A Torres, D del Castillo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In septic shock, hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and neutrophil activation are related to the activation of the blood coagulation contact system. This study evaluates in dogs the effect of the C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), a main inhibitor of the blood coagulation contact system, on the cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction associated with endotoxic shock. Two groups were included: controls, which received Escherichia coli endotoxin, and a C1-INH group in which C1-INH was infused before E. coli endotoxin administration. In both groups, endotoxin produced hypodynamic shock; however, the decrease in the systolic index and the ventricular systolic work indexes were greater in controls than the C1-INH group. In controls, the arterial O2 partial pressure decreased by 30% and the alveolo-arterial O2 difference increased by 625%, these parameters remained unchanged in the C1-INH group. Hypoxemia was associated with increased intrapulmonary shunt, decreased blood coagulation contact factors, and decreased C3c. In contrast, C1-INH administration prevented endotoxin-induced hypoxemia, the increase in intrapulmonary shunt, and the decrease in blood coagulation contact factors. This study shows that, in dogs with endotoxic shock, pulmonary dysfunction is associated with an activation of the blood coagulation contact phase system. An inhibition of this system by C1-INH prevented the hypoxemia induced by endotoxic shock.
Embryonal Carcinoma
Authors: Richard S. Aronsohn
Journal: JAMA (1974)

SUDDEN death occurring in young adults is rare. Luke and Helpern<sup>1</sup>reviewed 275 consecutive cases of sudden death in patients between the ages of 28 and 44 years and found that of these deaths, 38% were caused by coronary arterial atherosclerosis, 26% by fulminant untreated infectious diseases, and 4% by pulmonary arterial emboli. Seven of the 11 patients who died of pulmonary arterial emboli were women. Pelvic veins contained thrombi in two of 11 patients, and thrombi were found in the veins of the lower extremities in the remaining nine. This communication reports an unusual case of sudden death caused by pulmonary arterial emboli in a young man. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old white man was perfectly well until, while at work and having had just returned from a coffee break, he fell to the floor. He was found without a palpable pulse or detectable respiratory movement. Resuscitation
STUDIES ON COPPER METABOLISM. XXXI. ERYTHROCYTE COPPER*
Authors: G. S. Shields, H. Markowitz, W. H. Klassen, G. E. Cartwright, M. M. Wintrobe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

The isolation and characterization of a cupro- protein, erythrocuprein, from normal human erythrocytes have been described recently (1-3).Preliminary studies indicated that normal human erythrocytes contain about 30 to 36 mg of erythro- cuprein per 100 ml of packed cells (1).Since erythrocytes are known to hold about 100 ,ug of copper per 100 ml of packed cells (4), and since erythrocuprein carries 3.4 /Ag of copper per mg of protein, we suggested that erythrocuprein ac- counts for most of the copper in erythrocytes.It became apparent in the course of further in- vestigation that the anti-erythrocuprein serum used in the preliminary studies contained antibody to an erythrocyte component other than erythrocuprein and that the erythrocuprein concentrations re- ported were erroneously high.A modified technic for purification of erythrocuprein, as well as immunological evidence for the homogeneity of the purified product, are presented in this report.We shall also report studies of erythrocuprein in normal human erythrocytes and in those from patients with various diseases.Since erythrocuprein accounted for only about 60 per cent of the erythrocyte copper, observations are included on the preliminary separation of an additional erythro- cyte copper component (s).METHODS Preparation of erythrocuprein.Erythrocuprein was prepared from normal human erythrocytes by a modification of the method described previously (1).