tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer gene discovery in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lars Zender, Augusto Villanueva, Victoria Tovar, Daniela Sia, Derek Y. Chiang, Josep M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly cancer, whose incidence is increasing worldwide. Albeit the main risk factors for HCC development have been clearly identified, such as hepatitis B and C virus infection and alcohol abuse, there is still preliminary understanding of the key drivers of this malignancy. Recent data suggest that genomic analysis of cirrhotic tissue - the pre-neoplastic carcinogenic field - may provide a read-out to identify at risk populations for cancer development. Given this contextual complexity, it is of utmost importance to characterize the molecular pathogenesis of this disease, and pinpoint the dominant pathways/drivers by integrative oncogenomic approaches and/or sophisticated experimental models. Identification of the dominant proliferative signals and key aberrations will allow for a more personalized therapy. Pathway-based approaches and functional experimental studies have aided in identifying the activation of different signaling cascades in HCC (e.g. epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, RAS, MTOR, WNT-betacatenin, etc.). However, the introduction of new high-throughput genomic technologies (e.g. microarrays, deep sequencing, etc.), and increased sophistication of computational biology (e.g. bioinformatics, biomodeling, etc.), opens the field to new strategies in oncogene and tumor suppressor discovery. These oncogenomic approaches are framed within emerging new disciplines such as systems biology, which integrates multiple inputs to explain cancer onset and progression. In addition, the consolidation of sophisticated animal models, such as mosaic cancer mouse models or the use of transposons for mutagenesis screens, have been instrumental for the identification of novel tumor drivers. We herein review some classical as well as some recent fast track approaches for oncogene discovery in HCC, and provide a comprehensive landscape of the currently known spectrum of molecular aberrations involved in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Streptococcal infections
Authors: Dennis G. Cvitkovitch, Yung-Hua Li, Richard P. Ellen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Members of the bacterial genus Streptococcus are responsible for causing a wide variety of infections in humans. Many Streptococci use quorum-sensing systems to regulate several physiological properties, including the ability to incorporate foreign DNA, tolerate acid, form biofilms, and become virulent. These quorum-sensing systems are primarily made of small soluble signal peptides that are detected by neighboring cells via a histidine kinase/response regulator pair.
Four Milestones in a Century
Authors: I. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1962)

From the flag behind my chair it can be seen that this great Association of doctors has now honoured this city on four occasions.The first was in 1884 and the subse- quent visits came at intervals of approximately 25 years.So it would perhaps not be out of place to use these " milestones in time" as vantage-points from which
Results of no-loop gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer.
Authors: H. Taylor, D. G. Eadie
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Trigeminal Neuralgia-Henderson MEDTBARNMI 15The indications for, and the results of, various peripheral pro- cedures that give temporary relief are summarized, and drug treatment is mentioned.There is no single treatment for all cases of trigeminal aeuralgia.Some patients will not tolerate injection and others &re afraid of operation.There are individual considerations in every case, and the best treatment may be operation, or Gasserian injection, or peripheral-nerve injection, or tablets; ill have a place in proper management and all should be con- sidered by the surgeon who has experience of all methods and is familiar with the Gasserian region.It is a pleasure to thank Dr. D. G. F. Harriman, neuropathologist, for his helpful comments about pathology, and all former assistants for their case records; also to thank the patients and their doctors for their willing co-operation.
Immigrant Attitudes Toward the Physician
Authors: Robert Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> My research as a physician-anthropologist confirms the conclusion of Dr Kraut<sup>1</sup>that many immigrants seek care from practitioners of ethnomedicine. Equally striking, however, is our finding that many mainstream Americans also bring their illnesses to these healers. As an example, which cannot be assumed to represent other centers or other forms of ethnomedicine, we found that only 9% of new patients in a clinic for traditional Chinese medicine in San Francisco, Calif, reported on a questionnaire (N = 200) that they were Asian. The overwhelming majority (76%) considered themselves to be white. Physicians need to be aware that any of their patients may be involved with shamans, herbalists, or other providers of ethnomedicine. Based on my work with patients with back pain, I would conclude that every physician needs to make the following three determinations. First, as a finding consistent with Dr Kraut's observations but not directly
To Be an Invalid: The Illness of Charles Darwin
Authors: PETER F. OSTWALD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital was published in 1922, and the present work supplements it by dealing with other hospitals in Exeter, the first of which was for lepers.The author includes medieval almshouses, which, strictly speaking, were not hospitals as we conceive of them today, and also deals with the Old City Hospital, the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, the City Hospital, two mental hospitals, a dispensary, an eye infirmary, and an orthopaedic hospital.The treatment of each institution, therefore, has been necessarily superficial.Likewise little comparative material conceming more general events or institutions is added.Perhaps this is a good thing, for there is an obvious lack of knowledge of broader issues, as shown, for example, in comments made on the history of leprosy.Nevertheless, Mr. Russell has brought together interesting material, and he has made a useful contribution to the history of provincial British medicine.
The Dissection of the Atrioventricular Node Bundle and Bundle Branches in the Human Heart
Authors: JERROLD WIDRAN, MAURICE LEV
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The A-V node, bundle and bundle branches were grossly dissected in 41 human hearts. The method for this dissection is described. Given also are the sizes of the individual structures with advancing age. These structures grow more slowly than the remainder of the myocardium.
Code sets out framework for “living wills”
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A code of practice under the new Mental Capacity Act for doctors and others who deal with people who cannot take decisions for themselves was issued in draft for consultation last week. The draft code, which applies to England and Wales, sets out how capacity should be assessed, how advance directives on treatment will operate, and how decisions about treatment should be taken once the act is in operation.

The act, which is expected to come into force in April 2007, sets out a statutory framework …
A third of women in UK who have an unintended pregnancy blame contraceptive failure
Authors: D. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Incorrect and inconsistent use of the pill and the male condom are the main reasons why women in the United Kingdom have unintended pregnancies, a leading sexual health charity says.

Marie Stopes International, a UK provider of sexual health and reproductive services, says that 34% of women who had an unintended pregnancy reported that their chosen contraceptive failed because of technical difficulties or problems in the method, such as that “the condom broke or slipped off.” And incorrect use—usually failure to take the oral …
THE OCCURRENCE AND TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGIC CHANGES IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: S. M. GOLDHAMER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In recent years with the advent of a potent medication for the treatment of the anemia of pernicious anemia, a great deal of consideration has been given to the effect of liver and desiccated stomach therapy on the associated lesions of the spinal cord and brain in this disease. Innumerable workers have reported, with considerable diversity of opinion,1the results of their investigation concerning the progression and prevention of nervous system involvement. Our purpose in this paper is to present a study of a comparatively large group of patients, extending over a period of seven years, concerning the occurrence of neurologic and mental manifestations in pernicious anemia and to determine the effect of various types of antianemic therapy on them.  The group consisted of 461 patients with pernicious anemia observed at the Simpson Memorial Institute between the years 1927 and 1934. Comprising this group were 261 men (56.6 per
Critical role of galectin-3 in phagocytosis by macrophages
Authors: Hideki Sano, Daniel K. Hsu, John R. Apgar, Lan Yu, Bhavya B. Sharma, Ichiro Kuwabara, Shozo Izui, Fu-Tong Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Galectin-3 is a member of a large family of animal lectins. This protein is expressed abundantly by macrophages, but its function in this cell type is not well understood. We have studied the effect of galectin-3 gene targeting on phagocytosis, a major function of macrophages. Compared with wild-type macrophages, galectin-3-deficient (gal3-/-) cells exhibited reduced phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes and apoptotic thymocytes in vitro. In addition, gal3-/- mice showed attenuated phagocytic clearance of apoptotic thymocytes by peritoneal macrophages in vivo. These mice also exhibited reduced IgG-mediated phagocytosis of erythrocytes by Kupffer cells in a murine model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Additional experiments indicate that extracellular galectin-3 does not contribute appreciably to the phagocytosis-promoting function of this protein. Confocal microscopic analysis of macrophages containing phagocytosed erythrocytes revealed localization of galectin-3 in phagocytic cups and phagosomes. Furthermore, gal3-/- macrophages exhibited a lower degree of actin rearrangement upon Fcgamma receptor crosslinkage. These results indicate that galectin-3 contributes to macrophage phagocytosis through an intracellular mechanism. Thus, galectin-3 may play an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity by contributing to phagocytic clearance of microorganisms and apoptotic cells.
MANGANESE IN THE TREATMENT OF DYSMENORRHEA.
Authors: CHARLES O'DONOVAN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

When the athletic young woman of the present day first made her appearance and began to make the fad popular, physicians thought that with the changed conditions of her life would come such an improvement in her general health that most of her minor ailments would disappear of themselves. Of these I wish, for the present, to consider dysmenorrhea as the chief, and the one that appeared to present the best hope of cure. Sermons innumerable had been preached against the high-heeled shoes and the tight lacing of the generation of girls just gone by, attributing to these pernicious influences most of the ills that afflicted women, and now that no heels, and waists of nature's own proportions had become fashionable, it was reasonable to suppose that the attendant train of evils would also disappear with their causes. But it did not follow; in spite of riding, walking, tennis, bicycling,
ACUTE PANCREATITIS FOLLOWED BY PANCREATIC ABSCESS: OPERATION: RECOVERY
Authors: C. H. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1909)

UP to the present time there are few men who have had thq felicity of diagnosing a case of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis before abdominal section; but in order that this privilege may be transferred from the few to the many it is necessary that these somewhat obscure cases (though not, it seems, so very uncommon) should be reported, in the hope that some points may be elicited which will help to make the clinical picture of this disease more complete.The following case of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was iollowed subsequently by a pancreatic abscess and eventual recovery: M. R., a married woman, aged 46, was admitted to the Waihi Hospital, New Zealand, on
An efficient method for isolation of hair papillae and follicle epithelium from human scalp specimens
Authors: H-C. Chiu, C-H. Chang, Y-C. Wu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article An efficient method for isolation of hair papillae and follicle epithelium from human scalp specimens Get access H‐C. Chiu, H‐C. Chiu Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐H. Chang, C‐H. Chang Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y‐C. Wu Y‐C. Wu Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 3, 1 September 1993, Pages 350–351, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb11870.x Published: 01 September 1993
Aspirin Use and the Risk for Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma in Male Health Professionals
Authors: Edward Giovannucci
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To determine whether regular use of aspirin decreases the risk for colorectal cancer.Prospective cohort study.Male health professionals throughout the United States.47,900 male respondents to a mailed questionnaire in 1986, who were 40 to 75 years of age.Questionnaires in 1986, 1988, and 1990 about use of aspirin and other variables including occurrence of cancer.251 new patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer during the study period. Regular users of aspirin (> or = 2 times per week) in 1986 had a lower risk for total colorectal cancer (relative risk [RR] = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.92) and advanced (metastatic and fatal) colorectal cancer (RR = 0.51; CI, 0.32 to 0.84) after controlling for age; history of polyp; previous endoscopy; parental history of colorectal cancer; smoking; body mass; physical activity; and intakes of red meat, vitamin E, and alcohol. The incremental association was greater among men who reported regular use of aspirin consistently on subsequent questionnaires. The total number of colorectal adenomas discovered among aspirin users was lower with or without overt or occult fecal blood. Thus, earlier diagnosis and treatment of adenomas did not account for the inverse association between aspirin and cancer.These results support laboratory, clinical, and other epidemiologic evidence that regular use of aspirin is associated with a decreased risk for colorectal cancer.
THE PROPERTIES OF MAMMALIAN STRIATED MYOFIBRILS ISOLATED BY AN ENZYMATIC METHOD
Authors: Armin F. Schick, George M. Hass
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

A new method for the isolation of large numbers of individual myofibrils from fresh mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscle has been described. Purification of isolated myofibrils was accomplished by differential centrifugation of fresh frozen sections of muscle which had been mechanically agitated after exposure for 30 to 45 minutes at 0 degrees C. to the action of a dilute solution of trypsin in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 7.0 and an ionic strength of 0.25. Isolated skeletal myofibrils of the rabbit and man have similar constant solubility properties. They dissolve in an aqueous mixture of 0.5 N potassium chloride and 0.03 N sodium bicarbonate, giving viscous solutions which exhibit conspicuous birefringence of flow. They are soluble in buffer solutions (ionic strength 0.15) on the acid side of pH 4 and alkaline side of pH 10. If the ionic strength of potassium phosphate buffer solutions is increased to 0.5 or if the ionic strength of phosphate-borate buffer solutions is increased to a similar value by addition of potassium chloride, the isolated myofibrils become soluble at neutrality. Hence, it is possible, first to isolate the myofibrils and then dissolve them without deviating appreciably from physiologic ranges of pH. The extent to which myofibrils are modified by the conditions imposed by the method of isolation is unknown. There is no significant change in microscopic structure or optical birefringence. Furthermore, there is retention of a form of physiological reactivity, for when the isolated skeletal myofibrils are immersed in solutions of adenosinetriphosphate, they promptly and irreversibly change from elongated fibrils with distinct structural detail into dense spherical masses without recognizable microscopic structure.
Rheological and mechanical properties of Pluronic–alginate gels for drug-eluting stent coating
Authors: G. Grassi, E. Noro, R. Farra, G. Guarnieri, R. Lapasin, M. Grassi, P. Matricardi, T. Coviello, A. DalCortivo, F. Alhaique
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Abstract 4205: Left Atrial Volume Index and Left Ventricular Geometry Independently Predict Mortality in 47,865 Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Dharmendrakumar A Patel, Carl J Lavie, Richard V Milani, Hector O Ventura
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: LV geometry predicts CV events but it is unknown whether left atrial volume index (LAVi) predicts mortality independent of LV geometry in patients with preserved LVEF. Methods: We evaluated 47,865 patients with preserved EF to determine the impact of LAVi and LV geometry on mortality during an average follow-up of 1.7±1.0 years. Results: Deceased patients (n=3,653) had significantly higher LAVi (35.3 ± 15.9 vs. 29.1 ± 11.9, p&lt;0.0001) and abnormal LV geometry (60% vs. 41%, p&lt;0.0001) than survivors (n=44,212). LAVi was an independent predictor of mortality in all four LV geometry groups [Hazard ratio: N= 1.007 (1.002–1.011), p=0.002; concentric remodeling= 1.008 (1.001–1.012), p&lt;0.0001; eccentric hypertrophy= 1.012 (1.006 –1.018), p&lt;0.0001; concentric hypertrophy=1.017 (1.012–1.022), p&lt;0.0001; Figure ]. Comparison of models with and without LAVi for mortality prediction was significant suggesting increased mortality prediction by addition of LAVi to other independent predictors (Table ). Conclusion: LAVi is higher and LV geometric abnormalities are more prevalent in deceased patients with preserved systolic function and are independently associated with increased mortality. LAVi predicts mortality independent of LV geometry and has synergistic influence on all cause mortality prediction in large cohort of patients with preserved ejection fraction.
PREDICTORS OF SUDDEN DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME. A PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF 201 SYMPTOMATIC WPW PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH MALIGNANT ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: Vincenzo Santinelli, Andrea Radinovic, Giuseppe Ciconte, Gabriele Vicedomini, Pasquale Vergara, Gabriele Paglino, Cristiano Ciaccio, Stefania Sacchi, Massimo Saviano, Amarild Cuko, Valerio Giordano, Carlo Pappone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Angiotensin II Potentiates the Slow Component of Delayed Rectifier K <sup>+</sup> Current via the AT <sub>1</sub> Receptor in Guinea Pig Atrial Myocytes
Authors: Dimitar P. Zankov, Mariko Omatsu-Kanbe, Takahiro Isono, Futoshi Toyoda, Wei-Guang Ding, Hiroshi Matsuura, Minoru Horie
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Angiotensin II (Ang II) has diverse actions on cardiac electrical activity. Little information is available, however, regarding immediate electrophysiological effects of Ang II on cardiac repolarization. Methods and Results— The present study investigated the immediate effects of Ang II on the slow component of delayed rectifier K + current ( I Ks ) and action potentials in guinea pig atrial myocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Bath application of Ang II increased the amplitude of I Ks (EC 50 , 6.16 nmol/L) concentration dependently. The stable analogue Sar 1 –Ang II was also effective at increasing I Ks . The voltage dependence of I Ks activation and the kinetics of deactivation were not significantly affected by these agonists. The enhancement of I Ks was blocked by the Ang II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor antagonist valsartan (1 μmol/L) and was markedly attenuated by inclusion of GDPβS (2 mmol/L) in the pipette, indicating an involvement of G protein–coupled AT 1 receptor. The stimulatory effect was also significantly reduced by the phospholipase C inhibitor compound 48/80 (100 μmol/L) and the protein kinase C inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide I (200 nmol/L) and H-7 (10 μmol/L), suggesting that AT 1 receptor acts through phospholipase C–protein kinase C signaling cascade to potentiate I Ks . As expected from its stimulatory action on I Ks , Sar 1 –Ang II markedly shortened the action potential duration, which could be reversed by valsartan. Conclusions— The potentiation of I Ks via AT 1 stimulation in atrial myocytes, accompanied by a shortening of the action potential duration, suggests a potential mechanism by which elevated levels of Ang II may promote atrial fibrillation in heart failure and warrants further investigation.
Hypocalcemia and Fits
Authors: D. Robert Axelrod
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the editorial, "The Neurochemistry of Fits" (Oct. 1, 1960), there was no mention of what is to me an important etiology of seizures, i.e., the syndromes associated with hypocalcemia. Their clinical importance is the relatively simple method of establishing a diagnosis from the serum calcium levels, and specific therapy can frequently terminate the seizures. This is especially true of idiopathic or acquired hypoparathyroidism. One serum calcium determination is probably not sufficient, because I have seen a case of seizures secondary to idiopathic hypoparathyroidism remain undiagnosed for seven years because an initial single serum calcium determination was normal. A theory on the role of calcium ions in the excitation of nerve tissue was recently advanced by Adelman and Dalton (<i>J Gen Physiol</i>43:609, 1960). Studying the effects of calcium ion concentration in the lobster giant axon, they propose that the pore-holes of the membrane are "plugged" by
Factors in the Etiology of Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: RALPH A. DETERLING, GEORGE H. HUMPHREYS
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Because of uncertainty existing in respect to the etiologic factors in certain cases of constrictive pericarditis, an analysis of 25 proven cases and of additional series from the literature was conducted. It was evident that a fairly consistent clinical syndrome developed, but the factor of myocardial insufficiency deserves as much consideration as actual constriction by the pericardium. The survey supports the belief that the clinical picture of chronic constrictive pericarditis may result from tuberculosis in most cases, at times only by implication. In addition, cases can result from trauma to the chest, rheumatic heart disease and purulent pericarditis.