tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Species variation in the coronary collateral circulation during regional myocardial ischaemia: a critical determinant of the rate of evolution and extent of myocardial infarction
Authors: M. P MAXWELL, D. J HEARSE, D. M YELLON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To determine residual flow to ischaemic tissue, which is the primary determinant of the rate of development and ultimate size of the myocardial infarct resulting from coronary artery occlusion, the coronary collateral circulation was quantified during acute myocardial ischaemia in eight species in vivo using the radiolabelled microsphere technique. In each case, a prominent branch of the left coronary artery was ligated, and within 5 min microspheres (141Ce labelled, 15 μm diameter) were injected intra-atrially. Hearts were then excised, frozen, and sliced perpendicular to the septum. Using autoradiograms as a guide, tissue samples were obtained from non-ischaemic and ischaemic tissue and the radioactivity of the ischaemic samples measured and expressed as a percentage of the activity in the non-ischaemic myocardium. In the guinea pig heart, despite ligation of a major artery, no zone of significant underperfusion was detected. In the hearts from other species, coronary collateral flow (as a percentage (mean(SEM)) of non-ischaemic flow) was: dog 15.9(1.8) (n=6); cat 11.8(1.1) (n=16); rat 6.1(0.7) (n=6); ferret 2.4(0.6) (n=6); baboon 2.1(0.3) (n=6); rabbit 2.0(0.5) (n=9); pig 0.6(0.2) (n=6). The dog and cat hearts both possessed transmural gradients of collateral flow with greatest delivery in the epicardium. The patterns of flow distribution in the guinea pig heart were further examined in a Langendorff perfused preparation. Blue dye was injected into the coronary circulation and its distribution over 5 s recorded on cine film. After ligation of the left anterior descending or circumflex arteries, or both, the perfusion field of these arteries was seen to fill retrogradely within seconds. It is concluded that a wide spectrum of collateral flow exists between various mammalian species, a fact that should be taken into account in the study of the pathophysiology and control of regional ischaemia and myocardial infarction.
Role and cellular source of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Samuele De Minicis, Ekihiro Seki, Yong-Han Paik, Christoph H. Österreicher, Yuzo Kodama, Johannes Kluwe, Luciano Torozzi, Katsumi Miyai, Antonio Benedetti, Robert F. Schwabe, David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is required for liver fibrosis. This study investigates the role of NOX in ROS production and the differential contribution of NOX from bone marrow (BM)-derived and non–BM-derived liver cells. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) for 21 days or by methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 10 weeks in wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in p47phox (p47phox knockout [KO]), a component of NOX. The p47phox KO chimeric mice were generated by the combination of liposomal clodronate injection, irradiation, and BM transplantation of p47phox KO BM into WT recipients and vice versa. Upon BDL, chimeric mice with p47phox KO BM-derived cells, including Kupffer cells, and WT endogenous liver cells showed a ˜25% reduction of fibrosis, whereas chimeric mice with WT BM-derived cells and p47phox KO endogenous liver cells, including hepatic stellate cells, showed a ˜60% reduction of fibrosis. In addition, p47phox KO compared to WT mice treated with an MCD diet showed no significant changes in steatosis and hepatocellular injury, but a ˜50% reduction in fibrosis. Cultured WT and p47phox KO hepatocytes treated with free fatty acids had a similar increase in lipid accumulation. Free fatty acids promoted a 1.5-fold increase in ROS production both in p47phox KO and in WT hepatocytes. Conclusion: NOX in both BM-derived and non–BM-derived cells contributes to liver fibrosis. NOX does not play a role in experimental steatosis and the generation of ROS in hepatocytes, but exerts a key role in fibrosis. (Hepatology 2010;)
Augmentation of serum CPK activity by digitalis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: Y Varonkov, W E Shell, V Smirnov, D Gukovsky, E I Chazov
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The effect of acetyl strophanthanin on the rate of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) efflux was evaluated in 59 predominantly class I and II patients randomly allocated between treated and control. Therapy (0.5 mg) was begun 11-15 hours after the onset of symptoms and repeated four hours later (0.25 mg). Accumulated CPK activity (ACA) was determined from serial serum CPK changes sampled every two hours and compared to predicted CPK activity (PCA) determined from the first seven hours of CPK changes. In the control group, ACA was not significantly different from PCA. Digitalis consistently resulted in an augmentation of CPK efflux into serum which was temporally related to drug administration and resulted in a corresponding increase in ACA (P less than 0.001). Thus acetyl strophanthanin appears to increase apparent CPK activity in serum in class I and II patients.
Impact of menopausal symptoms. Effect on quality of life exaggerated.
Authors: J Coope, M Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1993)

German blood scandalEDrrOR,--The attention of the media was concenrated recently on the problems faced by patients who had received blood and blood products collected by the German company UB Plasma.'According to reports in the lay press, UB Plasma is undergoing criminal investigations with regard to having distributed blood collected from paid donors who had been inappropriately selected and whose blood had been inadequately tested, if at all, for HIV.A similar scandal seems to be brewing in Italy, with suggestions that the Mafia has been involved in the sale of blood.23The media interest kept the National Blood Transfusion Service busy on 5 November, when we received calls from numerous radio stations and television channels.In addition, worried patients and donors jammed our switchboard and contacted clinicians in hospitals for reassurance.The
Omega-3 Fatty Acids for CHD With Depression
Authors: Ion Anghelescu
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stable bubbles signal better breathing in neonate
Authors: John Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Because they lack surfactants, the alveoli of the immature fetal lung cannot form the stable bubbles that are required for normal breathing after birth, says Emile M. Scarpelli, MD, professor of pediatrics, physiology, and biophysics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Scarpelli's report was presented at the recent International Symposium on the Surfactant System of the Lung held in Rome. "At the onset of breathing, high concentrations of surfactants in the normal fetal lung permit that lung to form stable bubbles that establish themselves as tiny air pockets in the alveolar spaces," Scarpelli told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS. "Before that, these spaces are filled with liquid, so that with the first breath, the alveolus makes a transition from the liquid-filled to the air-filled state." To prove that these bubbles—only 40 to 200 μm in diameter—exist in the mature but not the immature fetal lung, Scarpelli and associates used an
Seven patients in Germany are granted use of marijuana for medical purposes
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2009)

German health authorities have allowed seven severely ill patients to buy marijuana at pharmacies for medicinal purposes. Permission was granted after a High Court ruling in 2005, and four years of discussions about the precise circumstances in which the drug can be used. 

The first patient received approval in late January from the Federal Opium Agency, which is a division of the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Germany’s medicines and drug regulator. 

Winfried Kleinert, acting director of the agency, told the BMJ that six additional approvals have been issued since then, and more than 20 are still pending. He estimated that at least 1000 …
Doctors fail to follow advice in giving tPA
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2000)

When given by experienced doctors, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), a drug known mostly for treatment of heart attacks, can improve the recovery of patients who have had strokes, according to a new study.

But doctors prescribing tPA often err by giving it to patients without proper indications for the treatment or by failing to give the drug at the right time.

In the first of two studies, researchers looked at treatment for 3948 stroke patients admitted to hospitals in Cleveland, Ohio, from July 1997 to …
Link between glaucoma and diabetes is disputed
Authors: R. Redmond
Journal: BMJ (1995)

91 93 Year Life expectancy among males at birth in European republics of former Soviet Union (sources World Health Organisation, Unicef, and V Shkolnikov (personal com- munication)).Data for 1983-4 not available for some republics.vested interests, not least in the Ministry of Finance, that opposed it.2Although alcohol consumption began to increase again in the late 1980s, especially as a result of illicit production and diversion from state trading organisations, alcohol is unlikely to explain all the recent deterioration in life expectancy.5As Ryan notes, much high quality epidemiological research is now being undertaken in the former Soviet Union, although there is little evidence that it is being acted on by policymakers either there or in the West.What is needed is a mechanism for bringing this work to a wider audience in both regions.
Blacks in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study: risk factors and coronary artery disease.
Authors: C Maynard, L D Fisher, E R Passamani, T Pullum
Journal: Circulation (1986)

In this paper we examine the relationship between risk factors and angiographically determined coronary artery disease for blacks and whites enrolled in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Analysis of data from the CASS registry indicated that blacks had a higher incidence of hypertension and current cigarette smoking than did whites in CASS and that chest pain was the major reason that both blacks and whites underwent coronary angiography for suspected or proven coronary disease. The CASS data also showed that, despite high levels of risk factors and chest pain, blacks had minimal or absent coronary disease. The results of this study raise several questions. First, to what extent are blacks in CASS representative of blacks in the general population and blacks undergoing coronary angiography? Additionally, are risk factors for coronary artery disease different for blacks than for whites? And finally, how does the physician effectively treat the black patient with high levels of risk factors and minimal coronary disease?
Abstract 5582: The inhibitory effects of Magnoliae Flos extract and its active components on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis and on expression of osteolytic factors in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ah Young Jun, Kwang-Kyun Park, Won-Yoon Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer is the first of the top ten cancer killers among the female population of OECD member countries. Breast cancer cells have spread to bone easily. The bone is the preferred site of metastasis for breast cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and poor prognosis. The interaction between breast cancer cells and the bone microenvironment results in a ‘vicious cycle’ that increases both bone destruction and tumor burden. Breast cancer induces up-regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblast by several osteolytic factors derived from breast cancer cells, and subsequently osteoclast formation through the interaction between RANKL in osteoblasts and RANK in osteoclast precursors. Growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-β and insulin-like growth factor-1, are released from bone matrix by osteoclast-derived bone erosion. Natural plant-derived components have received much attention as sources of potential therapeutic and preventive drugs for human diseases. Magnoliae Flos (MF), the buds of Magnolia denudata Desr., is a commonly used Asian medicinal herb for symptomatic relief of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and headache. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of MF extract and its active components (aschatin, fargesin, lirioresinol B dimethyl ether and magnolin) on cancer-associated bone disease, we first examined their effects on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. MF extract and active components inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow macrophages in a dose dependant manner without any evidence of cytotoxicity, and bone-resorbing activity of osteoclast. In addition, MF extract and active components suppressed the mRNA expression of osteolytic factors in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, but did not affect the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. These results demonstrate that MF extract and its active components has the potential to serve as beneficial supplements to treat and prevent cancer-induced bone diseases in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5582. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5582
Surgical Assault and Battery
Authors: Howard Newcomb Morse
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ambulance-Based Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Min Ji Kwak, Jongoh Kim
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ELECTROMECHANICAL ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION (NOGA) IS ASSOCIATED WITH EXERCISE IMPROVEMENT IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL THERAPY FOR REFRACTORY ANGINA
Authors: Ki Park, Tianyao Huo, Yueh–Yun Chi, Eileen Handberg, Adel Nada, Candice Junge, Douglas Losordo, Carl Pepine, R. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Synthesis of DNA and Poly(Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose) in Normal and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Lymphocytes
Authors: Nathan A. Berger, Jessie W. Adams, Georgina W. Sikorski, Shirley J. Petzold, William T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from 9 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 12 normal control donors. The cells were assayed for synthesis of DNA and poly-(adenosine diphosphate ribose) (poly[ADPR]) immediately after isolation and on successive days following their treatment with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Two different techniques were used to measure DNA synthesis. In the standard technique, DNA synthesis was measured by incubating intact cells with [3H]deoxythymidine. In the new technique, the lymphocytes were first rendered permeable to nucleotides, then DNA synthesis was measured by incubating them with [3H]deoxythymidine triphosphate in the presence of deoxyATP, deoxyGTP, deoxyCTP, ATP, and Mg++. Both assays showed the anticipated rise in DNA synthesis after PHA stimulation of normal cells. PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with CLL demonstrated low levels of DNA synthesis in both assay systems.
No Respecter of Age
Authors: Don R. Martin, D. William Schlott, John A. Flynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A previously healthy 65-year-old woman went to her primary care physician in late August seeking evaluation of a “spot” that had appeared on her right leg 3 weeks earlier. One week later, the skin lesion had resolved, but she returned with reports of malaise and diffuse arthralgias that had progressively worsened, with intense, disabling pain and stiffness in her neck, shoulders, wrists, hands, knees, and ankles.
On Acute Traumatic Malignancy
Authors: R. Barweli
Journal: BMJ (1882)

TuIE title of this communication, "Acute Traumatic MIalignancy", is intended not as denoting a distinct doctrine, but as a means of eliciting opinion and confirmatory facts, of which latter I cannot but think several are probably in the note-books or the memory of others in the profession.The cases on which the name is founded made a great impresssion on my mind, leading me to think that occasionally, under the stimulus of severe irritation, the tissue-elements which, under favourable circumstances, would assume only the additional activity necessary for repair, may take on a more prolific cell-germination, culminating in a rapid form of malignant disease in one of those forms, be it named myeloid or round-celled sarcoma, or encephaloid cancer, which consists of little else than heaped up cells and their progeny.Without further preface than these few words, I will pro- ceed to read the cases.CASE I.Mr. B., aged 17, in playing football, fell violently on his shoulder, and was disabled: this happened on April 24th, 1875.He rested the arm in a sling, and applied cold lotions, and, in about ten days, was so much better, that he began to use the limb again; but, after about a week, pain slightly returned; then some swelling was observed, which, increasing rather quickly, alarmed his father, who then brought him to me.MIay igth.I found the shoulder enlarged, the tumefaction being most marked in front; it was soft, but not uniformly so, there being some patches, ovoid or circular, harder than the rest, but which seemed to float on a soft substratum.The swelling did not rotate with the bone.
Lung Changes During Methonium Therapy
Authors: W. W. Park, F. J. Cockersole
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> A number of parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and separate histologic features have been identified as potential prognosticators in high-grade glioma. This study evaluated the relationships between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI–derived parameters and histologic features in glioblastoma multiforme. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> Twenty-eight patients with newly presenting glioblastoma multiforme underwent preoperative imaging (conventional imaging and T1 dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI). Parametric maps of the initial area under the contrast agent concentration curve, contrast transfer coefficient, estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space, and estimate of blood plasma volume were generated, and the enhancing fraction was calculated. Surgical specimens were used to assess subtype and were graded (World Health Organization classification system) and were assessed for necrosis, cell density, cellular atypia, mitotic activity, and overall vascularity scores. Quantitative assessment of endothelial surface area, vascular surface area, and a vascular profile count were made by using CD34 immunostaining. The relationships between MR imaging parameters and histopathologic features were examined. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> High values of contrast transfer coefficient were associated with the presence of frank necrosis (<i>P</i> = .005). High values of the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space were associated with a fibrillary histologic pattern (<i>P</i> &lt; .01) and with increased mitotic activity (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). No relationship was found between mitotic activity and histologic pattern, suggesting that the correlation between the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space and mitotic activity was independent of the histologic pattern. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> A correlation between the estimate of volume of the extravascular extracellular space and mitotic activity is reported. Further work is warranted to establish how dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters relate to more quantitative histologic measurements, including markers of proliferation and measures of vascular endothelial growth factor expression.
Making the patient the principal focus of management in the NHS
Authors: P. Pearson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Jarman’s most disturbing comment is the reliance on “shame and blame” and fear of job loss to drive quality improvement in the NHS.1

Quality improvement guru W Edwards Deming would have deemed these “deadly diseases” that are bad for organisations and the people they serve.2 Lack of constancy of purpose, emphasis on short …