tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethical Issues in Studying Submissions to a Medical Journal
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

A protocol to prospectively study characteristics of meta-analyses submitted to a weekly medical journal raised several ethical issues. In submitting a manuscript for publication, authors do not implicitly consent to have their work used for research. Authors must be free to refuse to consent, without it affecting their chances for publication. Systematically analyzing data on manuscript characteristics might influence the decision to publish. Having investigators who are not on the editorial staff or peer reviewers extract the manuscripts' characteristics breaks the confidentiality of the author-editor-reviewer relationship. In response to these issues, we added a statement to our journal's instructions for authors that submitted manuscripts may be systematically analyzed to improve the quality of the editorial or peer review process. Authors had to actively consent to participate, but editors and external reviewers were unaware of which authors were participating. The manuscript characteristics were not shared with authors, editors, or external reviewers. The investigators were blinded to each manuscript's author and institution. After we addressed ethical issues encountered in studying manuscripts submitted to a medical journal, 99 of 105 authors submitting a meta-analysis during the study's first 24 months agreed to participate.
The ”FLEX” procedure: a new technique for full-thickness laparo-endoscopic excision in the colon
Authors: R. Kennedy, R. Cahill, P. Sibbons, C. Fraser
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background and study aims: Colonic lesions unsuitable for endoscopic resection and some early cancers that have been incompletely excised endoscopically, are generally treated by segmental colectomy, even though local excision might be adequate. The aim of this study was to develop a laparo-endoscopic procedure for full-thickness local excision of the colon.
Growth Failure From Maternal Deprivation or Undereating
Authors: Martha F. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The study on failure to thrive reported by Whitten et al as secondary to undereating (<b>209</b>: 1675, 1969) offers interesting data, but overlooks the implications of (1) its experimental methods, (2) its interpretations of observations, and (3) its conclusions. We question the ethics of submitting infants to two weeks of deliberate sensory deprivation in the hospital. The fact that they gained weight as well in this setting as they did when "mothering" was added, does not justify the exposure of admittedly deprived children to an environment which they say: "virtually duplicated.. environments that produced classic effects of maternal deprivation, ie, suppression of affect, and developmental and intellectual retardation." We are not told enough of the psychological or developmental effects, but the authors write, "No adverse effects were noted from the understimulation. There was little crying and little effort to engage the nurse." Thus the infants were already
Abstract 2377: New micro-fluidic devices with polymeric materials for isolation of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Yutaka Shimada, Takashi Onaga, Makoto Moriyama, Tomoyuki Okumura, Shinichi Sekine, Tsutomu Obata, Hiroyuki Kishi, Junya Fukuoka, Takashi Hori, Takuya Nagata, Kazuhiro Tsukada
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been isolated from peripheral blood of cancer patients using cell detection and capture system, however the machine itself and the running costs are expensive. Thus a low cost device has been desired. Recently, a micro-fluidic device has been introduced. In this study, we would like to present a new micro-fluidic device with polymeric materials for isolation of circulating tumor cells. The IRB approval number was #21-88. Materials &amp; Methods: We prepared a micro-fluidic device with the structures imprinted using a mold on the resin followed by UV-light curing in a couple of minutes. The resin contained a monomer having an epoxy group which enabled the device surface to react with other functional groups for immobilization of antibodies. The antibodies were immobilized not directly but with polymers to the surface. Polyacrylic acid (Mw:5,000) was grafted to the device surface by the reaction of the carboxyl group and the surface epoxy group, then IgG antibodies were covalently bonded to the polymer with the condensation agent for amino and carboxyl groups. Finally, EpCAM antibodies were attached to the IgG antibodies in the polymer. Results: Esophageal cancer cells KYSE220 dispersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at a concentration of 1000 cells/ml were flowed through the CTC capture device described above at a rate of 1ml/hour. After cells passed, we observed many cells captured on the microstructure of the device, whereas no cells were seen without EpCAM antibodies on the device surface. We could evaluate the trapped cells by a quick cell stain method or fluorescent staining. We also detected KYSE220 cells in the healthy whole blood or selected nuclear cell separation. We have just started to evaluate this for detection of CTC in cancer patients. The cost of the new device was 10 dollar for each chip excluding the cost of the antibody. Conclusion: We developed a new micro-fluidic device with polymeric materials for isolation of circulating tumor cells. This new chip may be useful for isolation of CTC at a low cost. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2377. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2377
Recovery from Peritonitis Four Years After Bilateral Transplantation of Ureters
Authors: W. M. Keynes, J. N. Harcourt-Webster
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Not until the past five years have the biochemical abnormalities that follow uretero-colic anastomosis been extensively studied.Ferris and Odel (1950) found that of 141 patients who had undergone bilateral uretero- sigmoidostomy, 80% showed a reduced alkali reserve and 79% a hyperchloraemia.The condition of hyper- chloraemic acidosis was usually aSsociated with a high blood urea.These findings were confirmed in the series of 201 cases collected by the British Association of Urological Surgeons (Jacobs and Stirling, 1952), in which 78% had a lowered alkali reserve, and 31 % the full syndrome of hyperchloraemic acidosis with raised blood urea.In only 6% were the levels of the blood urea, chloride, and alkali reserve all normal.Hypo- kalaemia was present in about a third of the patients.Symptoms attributable to electrolyte disturbances in patients with bilateral transplantation of the ureters include general weakness and fatigue, thirst, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, a salty taste in the mouth, hyper- ventilation, and loss of weight.There may be rectal
Malignant lymphoma originating from the earliest T‐lineage precursor cell
Authors: Yoshie Hashimoto, Masaki Yasukawa, Kiyonori Takada, Takaaki Hato, Shigeru Fujita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

The earliest T-lineage precursor cells with a CD3-CD4+CD8- phenotype and germline-state T-cell receptor (TCR) genes have recently been identified in the murine thymus. We report a case of malignant lymphoma that was considered to originate from the human counterpart of this newly defined murine T-cell population. The surface phenotype of the lymphoma cells was CD2+CD3-CD4+CD8-CD25-CD34-CD44+HLA-DR+. TCR-beta, -gamma, -delta chain genes and immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes were all in a germline state. These characteristics were markedly similar to those of the murine earliest T-lineage precursor cells. The present case thus strongly suggests the presence of the human counterpart of this novel murine T-cell population.
The Necessity for Better Provision for Legal Medicine.
Authors: Henry Leffmann.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Philadelphia, Oct. 13, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —May I trespass on your space so far as to plead not guilty, or at least,<i>non vult</i>, to the indictments by some of your correspondents inThe Journal, October 13, page 1208. I do not think I was sarcastic; I did not intend to be. I objected to regarding lectures by a lawyer as sufficient to constitute a course in medical jurisprudence for medical students. I did not express a doubt, that, as far as they go, the lectures are satisfactory, but they are not likely to go far enough, and it appears that I was not astray in my view of their scope. I am quite willing to second Dr. Cattell's encomiums of Coroner Jermon, but this improved condition is not yet a year old, and my statements had reference to the course of events in the coroner's office for nearly
Upregulated expression and function of VLA-4 fibronectin receptors on human activated T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A Laffón, R García-Vicuña, A Humbría, A A Postigo, A L Corbí, M O de Landázuri, F Sánchez-Madrid
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) integrin is a cell surface receptor involved in the interaction of lymphoid cells with both extracellular matrix (ECM) and endothelial cells. We have investigated the expression and function of VLA-4 fibronectin (FN) receptors on T cells localized in the inflammed synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A high proportion of T cells in both synovial membrane (SM) and synovial fluid (SF) expressed the activation antigens AIM (CD69) and gp95/85 (Ea2) as well as an increased number of VLA-4 alpha and beta 1 adhesion molecules, as compared with peripheral blood (PB) T cells from the same patients. Furthermore, the majority of these activated SF T cells were able to adhere to a 38-kD FN proteolytic fragment containing the connecting segment-1 (CS-1) specifically through VLA-4 receptors, whereas a significantly lower proportion of PB T cells displayed this capacity. Therefore, our results show that activated T cells selectively localize at sites of tissue injury in RA disease and provide evidence for the in vivo regulation of the expression and function of the VLA-4 integrin. This regulatory mechanism may enable T cells either to facilitate migration or to persist at sites of inflammation.
Abstract 4542: Towards the identification of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) inhibitors.
Authors: Jihyun Park, Qiantao Wang, Pengyu Ren, Kevin N. Dalby
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract During tumorgenesis cancer cells must tolerate cellular stresses such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. In order to adapt to and overcome such stresses, tumor cells remodel transcriptional and translational programs by activating pro-survival signaling pathways. PERK (PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) is one of the key components of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many studies report that the UPR is activated in a variety of tumor types. Previous studies demonstrated that cells with a compromised PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway are sensitive to hypoxic stress in vitro and form tumors that grow more slowly in vivo. Together, these data suggest a substantial role for PERK and the UPR in tumor cell survival and adaptation to stress. Thus, selective inhibitors of PERK activity may be useful therapeutic candidates for the treatment of cancer. Using a high-throughput screening (HTS) approach a number of lead compounds were identified with demonstrated ability to inhibit PERK kinase autophosphorylation and activity in cells. Using a publically available structure of Apo PERK a PERK-ATP complex structure was generated by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Evidence is presented to support the notion that the simulation-generated structure represents a useful model for computer-aided lead optimization. Citation Format: Jihyun Park, Qiantao Wang, Pengyu Ren, Kevin N. Dalby. Towards the identification of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4542. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4542
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE SITE OF SKIN DAMAGE INDUCING THE KOEBNER REACTION IN PSORIASIS
Authors: L. STANKLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE SITE OF SKIN DAMAGE INDUCING THE KOEBNER REACTION IN PSORIASIS Get access L. STANKLER L. STANKLER Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 7, 1 July 1969, Pages 534–535, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16029.x Published: 01 July 1969 Article history Accepted: 04 October 1968 Published: 01 July 1969
A1.8 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hand and Foot Joints of Patients with ACPA Positive Arthralgia without Clinical Arthritis
Authors: A Krabben, W Stomp, DMFM van der Heijde, JAB van Nies, JL Bloem, TWJ Huizinga, M Reijnierse, AHM van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Anti-citrullinated-peptide antibodies (ACPA) and acute phase reactants are increased before arthritis becomes clinically detectable, suggesting that the processes underlying rheumatoid arthritis (RA) start preclinical. Whether local inflammation occurs in the preclinical phase is unknown. Therefore we studied small joints of ACPA-positive arthralgia-patients on local subclinical inflammation. <h3>Methods</h3> Imaging was performed using 1.5T-extremity-MRI. Painful hand or foot joints of 21 ACPA-positive arthralgia-patients without clinical arthritis were imaged. For comparison, hand and foot joints of 22 ACPA-positive RA-patients and of 19 symptom-free controls were studied. Within the ACPA-positive arthralgia-patients painful and symptom-free joint regions were compared. Scoring was performed according to the OMERACT RAMRIS method. Analyses were performed on joint region level and focused on inflammation (synovitis plus bone marrow edoema). <h3>Results</h3> The mean combined inflammation-scores of the MCP/ PIP-joints of the controls, the painful joints of ACPA-positive arthralgia-patients and ACPA-positive RA-patients were 0.1, 0.7, 3.7, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Likewise the mean combined inflammation-scores of the wrist were 0.9, 2.3, 10.3, respectively (p &lt; 0.001) and that of the MTP-joints 0.5, 0.9, 3.8, respectively (p = 0.10). The total RAMRIS-scores of the painful and symptom-free joints within ACPA-positive arthralgia-patients were correlated (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.61). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The present data suggest that local subclinical inflammation occurs in ACPA-positive arthralgia-patients.
Functional Coupling Between Glycolysis and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> Transport
Authors: Kai Y. Xu, Jay L. Zweier, Lewis C. Becker
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

To investigate whether the energy derived from glycolysis is functionally coupled to Ca2+ active transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), we determined whether glycolytic enzymes were associated with SR membranes and whether metabolism through these enzymes was capable of supporting 45Ca transport. Sealed right-side-out SR vesicles were isolated by step sucrose gradient from rabbit skeletal and cardiac muscle. Intravesicular 45Ca transport was measured after the addition of glycolytic substrates and cofactors specific for each of the glycolytic reactions being studied or after the addition of exogenous ATP and was expressed as transport sensitive to the specific Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin. We found that the entire chain of glycolytic enzymes from aldolase onward, including aldolase, GAPDH, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), phosphoglyceromutase, enolase, and pyruvate kinase (PK), was associated with SR vesicles from both cardiac and skeletal muscle. Iodoacetic acid, an inhibitor of GAPDH, eliminated 45Ca transport supported by fructose-1,6-diphosphate, the substrate for aldolase, but transport was completely restored by phosphoenolpyruvate (the substrate for PK), indicating that both of the ATP-producing glycolytic enzymes, GAPDH/PGK and PK, were associated with the SR and functionally capable of providing ATP for the Ca2+ pump. Addition of a soluble hexokinase ATP trap eliminated 45Ca transport fueled by exogenous ATP but had markedly less effect on 45Ca transport supported by endogenously produced ATP (via glycolysis). Similarly, at very low concentrations of ATP and ADP (10 to 50 nmol/L), ATP that was produced endogenously from ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate supported 15-fold more 45Ca transport than ATP that was supplied exogenously at the same concentration. These results are consistent with functional coupling of glycolytic ATP to Ca2+ transport and support the hypothesis that ATP generated by SR-associated glycolytic enzymes may play an important role in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis by driving the SR Ca2+ pump.
Axillary Extra Mammary Tissue
Authors: Bromley S. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The medical therapy advocated by gynecologist Altchek for the 15-year-old girl with a unilateral axillary breast is a brilliant synopsis of the present-day thoughts on "breast swelling" and the factors involved in fibrocystic disease of the breast. However, this child, who is obviously uncomfortable and upset because of a unilateral mass in the axilla, should not begin a multiplicity of semiproved therapies that last until menopause, including many with severe and possible long-term systemic effects. It is amazing to note six paragraphs, including one on diet restriction, full of current hypothetical modalities that have little reference to the present axillary breast tissue problem and but one brief sentence stating that "rarely, surgical excision is considered if the axillary mammary tissue is large or physically or emotionally disturbing." There is a simple procedure performed by plastic surgeons with few, if any, complications that can be applied to enlarged
Treatment of a pancreatic endocrine tumor by ethanol injection (PEI) guided by endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: N. Muscatiello, M. Nacchiero, N. Della Valle, F. Di Terlizzi, G. Verderosa, A. Salcuni, L. Macarini, M. Cignarelli, M. Castriota, V. D'Agnessa, E. Ierardi
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We report the case of a female with MEN-1 (high plasma levels of both vasoactive intestinal polypeptide [VIP; 663.2 pg/mL] and CgA). Endoscopic ultrasound revealed two nodular hypoechoic lesions ([Fig. 1]), with a color Doppler hypervascular pattern located in the pancreas. We performed EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy [1] ([Fig. 2]), which was diagnosed as a neuroendocrine islet tumor in the pathology report 2 weeks later.
The Retinal Circulation
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The authors present us with an indepth treatment of the anatomy, pathology, and, within the limits imposed by present knowledge, the pathophysiology of the retinal blood supply. The book divides itself into two equal parts. The first deals with development, anatomy, physiology, and methods; the second, with diseases affecting the retinal circulation. The target role of the circulation in hypertensive and diabetic eye disease is known to all physicians. These subjects are dealt with in detail. Less common systemic diseases causing pathological findings in the eye are dealt with also. Among these are macroglobulinemia, polycythemia, leukemia, carotid insufficiency, giant cell arteritis, pulseless disease, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. The largest category includes those vascular entities which are specifically ocular. They include closure of artery and vein, ocular inflammatory disease, disciform diseases of the posterior pole, and the relatively rare entities of Eales' disease and Coats' disease. All of these disease entities are
Aberrant Coronary Artery Origin From the Aorta
Authors: RICHARD R. LIBERTHSON, ROBERT E. DINSMORE, SAROJA BHARATI, JOEL J. RUBENSTEIN, JAMES CAULFIELD, EDWIN O. WHEELER, J. WARREN HARTHORNE, MAURICE LEV
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Twenty-one patients with anomalous coronary artery origin from the aorta are discussed, and the cases reported in the literature are reviewed. The left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (Cx) arteries arose aberrantly from the right sinus of Valsalva of the aorta (RSV) in six patients. In four of these patients the connecting branch from the anomalous origin passed anterior to the aorta and the right ventricular in-fundibulum (RVinf), and in two patients, this branch passed between the aorta and RVinf. In 11 patients only the Cx was aberrant, and arose either from the RSV directly or from the right coronary artery (RCA), and passed posterior to the aorta and RVinf. In four patients the RCA arose aberrantly — in three from the left sinus of Valsalva of the aorta passing anteriorly, and in one from the left Cx passing posteriorly. Aberrant coronary artery origin from the aorta had clinical consequences only when the branch connecting the LAD and Cx to the RSV passed between the aorta and RVinf. Both our findings and those reported in the literature associate this variant with exertional sudden death in young persons. Anomalous coronary patterns can be delineated readily by selective coronary cineangiography, and as illustrated, the right anterior oblique projection can readily distinguish those prone to sudden death from the clinically insignificant variants. The former can be corrected with coronary artery bypass surgery.
Correction: Retraction: Natural and inducible TH17 cells are regulated differently by Akt and mTOR pathways
Authors: Jiyeon S Kim, Tammarah Sklarz, Lauren B Banks, Mercy Gohil, Adam T Waickman, Nicolas Skuli, Bryan L Krock, Chong T Luo, Weihong Hu, Kristin N Pollizzi, Ming O Li, Jeffrey C Rathmell, Morris J Birnbaum, Jonathan D Powell, Martha S Jordan, Gary A Koretzky
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
A CASE OF BRAIN ABSCESS OF UNUSUAL ETIOLOGY
Authors: Samuel Silbert
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Brain abscess usually results from one of three causes: (1) chronic purulent otitis media; (2) fracture of the skull, with or without external injury, and (3) abscesses of metastatic origin. The occurrence in civil life of a brain abscess resulting from direct introduction into the brain of an infected foreign body is sufficiently unusual to warrant publication. Furthermore, had the possible serious sequelae of the injury in this case been borne in mind, the presence of an abscess might have been suspected, and the child's life saved by a timely operation. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A boy, aged 6 years, who had always been in good health, had stumbled and fallen, six weeks before admission, on a stick which he was carrying, causing a small wound on the left side of the face which bled profusely. This wound became infected and discharged considerable pus, but healed firmly in about eight