tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BACTERIA ONE OF THE CHIEF ETIOLOGIC FACTORS IN DISEASES OF THE EYE.
Authors: ELLET ORRIN SISSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

While the relation of bacteria to general diseases has been proven beyond a doubt, and with the result that the practice of medicine and surgery has been practically revolutionized, and placed on a more thorough scientific basis than at any time in its history, the special field of ophthalmology has also received attention, and although we have but entered upon this line of research, we are able to report several important discoveries which are of inestimable value to the ophthalmologist, and which will undoubtedly be followed by others, serving to explain many hitherto misunderstood phenomena. It is perfectly reasonable to suppose that bacteria should be one of the chief etiologic factors in the production of diseased conditions in the eye, when we take into consideration the exposed position of the organ. We have the moist surface of the conjunctiva presenting itself and furnishing an excellent lodging-place for all sorts of
A NOTE ON COCCIDIA IN SPARROWS AND THEIR ASSUMED RELATION TO BLACKHEAD IN TURKEYS
Authors: Theobald Smith, Ernest W. Smillie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

Of 54 sparrows examined in or near Princeton, coccidia were found in 43, or 80 per cent. Most of the negative cases were encountered in November and December. In the summer and fall practically all were infected. These figures agree closely with Hadley's, who found 79 per cent infected from May to December. Cultures of feces on agar showed that, at least in this locality, the infecting species belongs to the genus Isospora or Diflospora and not to Eirneria. In a recent paper by Hadley, which came into our hands after the manuscript had gone to press, the author now refers blackhead to invasions of Trichomonas. It is not possible to consider here the evidence on which this conclusion is based.
Effects of Diet and Exercise in Men and Postmenopausal Women with Low Levels of HDL Cholesterol and High Levels of LDL Cholesterol
Authors: Marcia L. Stefanick, Sally Mackey, Mary Sheehan, Nancy Ellsworth, William L. Haskell, Peter D. Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Guidelines established by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) promote exercise and weight loss for the treatment of abnormal lipoprotein levels. Little is known, however, about the effects of exercise or the NCEP diet, which is moderately low in fat and cholesterol, in persons with lipoprotein levels that place them at high risk for coronary heart disease.
Abstract 2956: High throughput RNAi screening of synthetic lethal genes interacting with the common <i>TP53</i> mutation R175H
Authors: Hiroo Imai, Shunsuke Kato, Yasuhiro Sakamoto, Yuichi Kakudo, Shin Takahashi, Hideki Shimodaira, Chikashi Ishioka
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The R175H mutation of p53 which account for approximately 6% of the missense mutations of identified in human cancer is one of the most common mutations, and cancer cells with this mutation stably express the R175H protein in the nucleus. Targeting R175H overexpressing cells by synthetic lethality is one of the extremely effective strategies for cancer therapy. To identify the synthetic lethal gene interacting with R175H, we conducted high throughput screening using a tetracycline-inducible R175H expression system in SF126 cells and comprehensive shRNA library carried by lentivirus. We identified 906 candidate gene suppressions that may lead to accelerated cell growth inhibition in the presence of R175H (p&amp;lt;0.05, n=3). Among these, we selected 50 genes (21 genes from the group with the smallest p-values, 20 genes from the group with the largest fold change, and 9 genes reproduced by different siRNA sequences) for further validation testing. By transfection of siRNA of these candidate genes into five R175H expressing cell lines and four TP53-null cell lines, we selected five candidate genes that significantly lead R175H expressing cells to strong cell growth inhibition. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) was one of the five candidate genes, and its suppression by siRNA resulted in the acceleration of growth inhibition in cell lines expressing endogenous R175H; however, this was not observed in TP53-null cell lines. The transient expression of R175H in TP53-null cell lines (PC3) and suppression of ID1 and/or TP53 R175H in cell lines with endogenous R175H revealed that cell growth inhibition by ID1 suppression depended on the expression of R175H, and not that of other common p53 mutants (e.g., R273H). Flow cytometric analysis exhibited that ID1 suppression resulted in G1 arrest, and the arrest was accelerated by the expression of R175H. In conclusion, ID1 is a synthetic lethal gene that interacts with R175H and is considered to be a novel molecular target for cancer therapy in R175H expressing cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2956. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2956
Ethical guidelines and general principles
Authors: J H Scotson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

maximum part-time contracts" he states that "'many regions regard travel, administration, and emergency duties as representing two NHDs weekly for the generality of maximum part-time consultants."This seems to indicate that in those many regions maximum part- time consultants will be contracted to work for 28 hours in order to qualify for 10/1 lths of the whole-time salary.It would be helpful if Mr Bolt could com-
Fluorescence in situ hybridization: Method of choice for a definitive diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma†
Authors: Tsieh Sun, Mary Lowery Nordberg, James D. Cotelingam, Diana M. Veillon, John Ryder
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using IGH/CCND1 probes was used to analyze 35 specimens including 27 paraffin sections, 3 bone marrow aspirates, and 5 peripheral blood smears. The 27 paraffin sections included 7 bone marrows, 10 lymph nodes, 3 spleens, 3 tonsils, 3 gastrointestinal biopsies, and 1 skin biopsy. Among these cases, 23 specimens were from 20 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and 12 specimens were from 12 patients with non‐MCL lymphomas/lymphoid hyperplasia. Specimens from all MCL patients showed positive results with FISH. In one patient, the archived paraffin sections were negative with FISH, but a fresh peripheral blood specimen showed a positive result. Negative results were obtained in all specimens from non‐MCL cases. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that all cases of MCL showed CD19/CD5 staining, but the percentages of cells positive for CD23 and FMC‐7 were variable, thus they cannot be depended upon for a definitive diagnosis of MCL. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated positive staining for CD5 and CD20 and negative staining for CD23 in MCL cases but cyclin D1 was positive in only 10 of 13 MCL cases studied. Therefore, it appears that immunophenotyping alone is not sufficient to establish a definitive diagnosis of MCL. FISH should be routinely used when the diagnosis needs confirmation. FISH can be performed in a routine clinical laboratory, and it is applicable to archived material for retrospective studies. Other molecular cytogenetic techniques in comparison with FISH are discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 74:78–84, 2003. Published © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
887 FORKHEAD BOX M1B IS A DETERMINANT OF RAT SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS AND SUSTAINS ERK ACTIVITY IN HUMAN HCC
Authors: R.M. Pascale, M.M. Simile, M. Frau, D. Calvisi, M.L. Tomasi, M.A. Seddaiu, F. Feo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Gall Stones in Patients with Disorders of the Terminal Ileum and Disturbed Bile Salt Metabolism
Authors: K. W. Heaton, A. E. Read
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In a combined historical and radiological survey gall stones were found in 23 out of 72 patients with disorders of the terminal ileum (31.9%). This is four to five times the expected incidence of cholelithiasis. In these patients the incidence of gall stones was not related to age, but did, however, increase with increased duration of the ileal disorder. Glycine/taurine conjugation ratios of bile salts in the bile were abnormally high in 10 out of 11 patients with ileal disorders. Both impaired bile salt recirculation and absorption of poorly soluble bacterially degraded bile salts are possible causes of cholelithiasis in these patients.
EAPB0203, a member of the imidazoquinoxaline family, inhibits growth and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in T-cell lymphomas and HTLV-I–associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Georges Moarbess, Hiba El-Hajj, Youmna Kfoury, Marwan E. El-Sabban, Yves Lepelletier, Olivier Hermine, Carine Deleuze-Masquéfa, Pierre-Antoine Bonnet, Ali Bazarbachi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Pyrimidine Nucleotide Synthesis in the Normal and Hypertrophying Rat Heart
Authors: SATORU MATSUSHITA, BARRY L. FANBURG
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Radioactive orotic acid incorporation into RNA (de novo pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis) was considerably lower for rat heart than for rat liver in vivo and in vitro. 3 H uridine ("salvage" pathway) was incorporated into heart RNA to a greater extent than 3 H orotic acid, and the labeling with uridine in the heart exceeded that in the liver. Extracts of heart showed little enzymatic conversion of orotic acid to pyrimidine nucleotides in the presence of ATP and ribose-5-phosphate, a condition under which there was good activity in other tissues such as the liver, spleen, and kidney. Addition of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) markedly enhanced orotic acid conversion though it still remained less for heart than for other tissues. These findings indicated that PRPP synthetase activity was low in the heart. Uridine kinase activity in the heart was similar to that in the liver. Uridine kinase appeared to be rate limiting in the "salvage" pathway. Aortic constriction produced an increase in uridine kinase activity at 24 hours with a peak at 2 to 6 days (50 to 60% stimulation) after operation, while uridylate kinase, uridine phosphorylase, and orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase activities remained unchanged. The "salvage" pathway appears to play an important role in pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in the heart, and uridine kinase may be regulatory in this pathway during cardiac hypertrophy.
Residual NADPH Oxidase and Survival in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Douglas B. Kuhns, W. Gregory Alvord, Theo Heller, Jordan J. Feld, Kristen M. Pike, Beatriz E. Marciano, Gulbu Uzel, Suk See DeRavin, Debra A. Long Priel, Benjamin P. Soule, Kol A. Zarember, Harry L. Malech, Steven M. Holland, John I. Gallin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Failure to generate phagocyte-derived superoxide and related reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) is the major defect in chronic granulomatous disease, causing recurrent infections and granulomatous complications. Chronic granulomatous disease is caused by missense, nonsense, frameshift, splice, or deletion mutations in the genes for p22phox, p40phox, p47phox, p67phox (autosomal chronic granulomatous disease), or gp91phox (X-linked chronic granulomatous disease), which result in variable production of neutrophil-derived ROIs. We hypothesized that residual ROI production might be linked to survival in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.
Early Versus Delayed Revascularization in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Substantial Viability: Impact on Outcome
Authors: Jeroen J. Bax, Arend F.L. Schinkel, Eric Boersma, Vittoria Rizzello, Abdou Elhendy, Alexander Maat, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt, Ernst E. van der Wall, Don Poldermans
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and viable myocardium may improve in function and prognosis following revascularization. Delayed revascularization may result in less favorable outcome, and therefore the impact of timing of revascularization on long-term outcome was evaluated. Methods and Results— Patients (n=85) with ischemic cardiomyopathy and substantial viability (≥25% of the left ventricle) on dobutamine stress echocardiography underwent surgical revascularization. Based on the waiting time for revascularization, patients were divided into 2 groups: early (≤1 month) and late (&gt;1 month) revascularization. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed before and 9 to 12 months after revascularization; follow-up data were acquired up to 2 years after revascularization. Hence, 40 patients underwent early (20±12 days) and 45 late (85±47 days) revascularization. Baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Preoperative deaths were 0 in the early and 2 in the late group. Patients with early revascularization remained shorter time in the intensive care unit (2.4±1.5 days versus 5.9±2.1 days for the late group, P &lt;0.05). Low output syndrome was observed more frequently in the late group (8% versus 22%, P =0.06). On long-term follow-up, mortality (5% versus 20%, P &lt;0.05) and re-hospitalization for heart failure (10% versus 24%, NS) were higher in the late group. LVEF improved from 28±9% to 40±12% ( P &lt;0.05) in the early group and remained unchanged in the late group (27±10% versus 25±7%, NS). Conclusion— Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and viable myocardium benefit from early revascularization (with improvement in LVEF and favorable prognosis), whereas delayed revascularization of these patients is associated with worse outcome.
Reframing Gun Violence
Authors: W.V. Bonds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 August 1998Reframing Gun ViolenceW.V. Bonds, BSW.V. Bonds, BSCleburne, TX 76031Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Statistics are somewhat like standing a coin on its edge and looking at it from different angles. You see many differing views, but it is the same coin. Your description depends on your view. Dr. Davidoff [1] sees a different side of the coin than many of us do.In an attempt to demonize firearms, Dr. Davidoff [2] asks “Do you have a gun in the house? Is it loaded? And did you know suicide can go up fivefold when you have one around that is loaded?” He must get his statistics from Sarah Brady-in Japan, where ...References1. Davidoff F. Reframing gun violence [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:234-5. Google Scholar2. Medical journal terms gun injuries national epidemic. Star-Telegram. 2 February 1998; A4. Google Scholar3. Firearm injury prevention. American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 28:236-41. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W.V. Bonds, BSAffiliations: Cleburne, TX 76031 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLocalized epidural and bone amyloidosis, rare cause of paraplegia in multiple myeloma 15 August 1998Volume 129, Issue 4Page: 338KeywordsCrimeDeath ratesFirearm injuriesHomicideLegislationSuicideViolent crime ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Short term effects of alpha1-antitrypsin substitution therapy on the degranulation of neutrophil granulocytes
Authors: Janine Koepke, Marc Dresel, Timm Greulich, Sabina Janciauskiene, Claus Vogelmeier, Andreas Rembert Koczulla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION: Alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency (AATD) is a hereditary, co-dominant condition which results in low levels of circulating alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), unbalanced protease activity and frequent development of emphysema. The concept behind substitution therapy with human plasma A1AT is to normalize the concentration in blood and tissue and thereby protecting the lungs from progressive destruction by proteases. AIMS: To better understand the influence of weekly augmentation therapy on polymorphnuclear neutrophils (PMNs) function we examined direct effects on chemokine release and degranulation of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS: PMNs were isolated from peripheral blood of ten AATD-patients (PI-ZZ, mean age 55±8,7; FEV1[%] 38,1±14,33) pre and two hours post substitution infusion. The release of IL-8, MMP-9 and MPO was quantified in neutrophil supernatants via ELISA. Standard inflammation markers as well as MMP-9, MPO and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were evaluated in patient sera. RESULTS: PMN-stimulation experiments displayed no differences on chemokine release or degranulation between pre and post substitution infusion. Two hours after substitution we measured increased MMP-9 (p=0.002) and MPO (p=0.0034) concentrations in sera of patients, whereas TIMP-1 decreased drastically (p=0.002). IL-8 levels in sera of these patients were within normal range and no changes were detectable due to substitution. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that elevated MMP-9 and MPO concentrations after substitution depend on rapid degranulation of PMNs whereas the decline in TIMP-1 concentration possibly depends on a feedback loop.
The future of an illusion: Self and its control
Authors: Peter R. Killeen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Rachlin introduces a new theory before exhausting its predecessor. His earlier model of future-discounting may be developed by integrating over the duration of extended rewards and punishers. The difference in value of an event within a pattern over the event in isolation derives from the deprivation provided by the pattern; yet the pattern attracts because acute rewards are more potent than incremental deprivations.
Attenuation of CD8+ T-Cell Function by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Zhi-Zhang Yang, Anne J. Novak, Steven C. Ziesmer, Thomas E. Witzig, Stephen M. Ansell
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The underlying mechanisms by which tumor cells are resistant to CTL-mediated apoptosis are not clear. Using a human model of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-cell NHL), we show that intratumoral Treg cells inhibit the proliferation and granule production of activated autologous infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Our results also show that degranulation and subsequent cytotoxic activity of infiltrating CD8+ T cells exposed to lymphoma B cells is completely attenuated by the presence of intratumoral Treg cells. Furthermore, we show that increased numbers of intratumoral Treg cells correlates with the number of CD8+ T cells in biopsy specimens from patients with B-cell NHL, supporting the in vitro findings that intratumoral Treg cells inhibit proliferation of infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these data indicate that human lymphoma B cells are sensitive to autologous CTL-mediated cell death but are protected by the inhibitory function of intratumoral Treg cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 10145-52)
Effects of methotrexate on glycosaminoglycan production by scleroderma fibroblasts in culture.
Authors: F H van den Hoogen, P M van der Kraan, A M Boerbooms, W B van den Berg, H J van Lier, L B van de Putte
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effects of increasing concentrations of methotrexate on the proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis of cultured dermal fibroblasts from patients with scleroderma. METHODS--Cultured dermal fibroblasts from nine patients with scleroderma and nine normal volunteers were grown for 72 hours in media containing various concentrations of methotrexate. The GAG synthesis in each cell was measured after incubating the fibroblasts with [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulphate. RESULTS--A negative correlation was found between the concentration of methotrexate and numbers of fibroblasts from patients with scleroderma and normal controls. A positive correlation was found between GAG synthesis in each cell, as measured by [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulphate incorporation, and increasing methotrexate concentrations in fibroblasts from patients with scleroderma and normal controls. CONCLUSIONS--These data indicate increased GAG synthesis in scleroderma and normal fibroblasts with increasing concentrations of methotrexate. Therefore the reported beneficial effect of methotrexate on skin fibrosis in scleroderma is most probably not the result of direct inhibition of GAG synthesis by fibroblasts.
The Willan Mural Stone at Funchal
Authors: F Ray Bettley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article The Willan Mural Stone at Funchal Get access F Ray Bettley F Ray Bettley Friary House, St Michael's Road, Winchester SO23 9JE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 3, 1 September 1982, Page 371, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00373.x Published: 01 September 1982
Treatment of Chondromalacia Patellae by Transposition of the Tibial Tubercle
Authors: M. Devas, A. Golski
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The first 20 patients treated by transposition of the tibial tubercle for chondromalacia of the patella are reported. The patients, usually adolescent girls, had failed to respond to conservative measures. Seventeen patients benefited from the operation and three did not.
Abstract 3200: The AKT inhibitor AZD5363 is selectively active in PIK3CA mutant gastric cancer cell lines, and sensitizes a gastric cancer explant model to docetaxel
Authors: Jing Li, Barry R. Davies, Minhua Zhou, Jingchuan Zhang, Yan Xu, Lili Tang, Huiying Wang, Charles Liu, Xiaolu Yin, Qunsheng Ji, Derek Dehua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway is a common phenomenon in cancer due to multiple mechanisms, including mutation of PI3KCA, loss or mutation of PTEN, or over-expression of receptor tyrosine kinases. We recently developed a novel AKT kinase inhibitor, AZD5363. To explore the activity of AZD5363 and elucidate the correlation between AZD5363 response and genetic alterations in gastric cancer, we investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibition of AKT on a panel of 20 gastric cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that gastric cancer cells with PIK3CA mutations were selectively sensitive to AZD5363. Interestingly, we found that HGC27, a cell line harboring both PI3KCA mutation and PTEN loss, displayed the greatest sensitivity to this AKT inhibitor, suggesting possible synergy between these two genetic alterations. To further dissect the role of PI3KCA mutation and PTEN loss in response to AKT inhibition, we tested, using in vivo xenografts, the antitumor activity of AZD5363 in HGC27 and two other primary gastric cancer models containing either PI3KCA mutation or PTEN loss. Our data indicated that AZD5363 monotherapy treatment led to complete tumor regression in the HGC27 xenograft model, correlating with the induction of cell apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway. On the other hand, the same treatment evoked only a moderate response (∼60% TGI) in the PI3KCA mutant primary xenograft model. Whilst monotherapy AZD5363 or docetaxel were not active in the PTEN negative, PIK3CA wild-type primary xenograft model, significant anti-tumor activity was seen when AZD5363 was combined with docetaxel. These results suggest that PI3KCA mutation is an important determinant of response to AKT inhibition in gastric cancer. Moreover, combination with AZD5363 can overcome innate resistance to docetaxel in a gastric cancer explant model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3200. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3200