tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival Following Extreme Hypoxemia
Authors: Frank D. Gray
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A fall of arterial blood oxygen pressure (Pao2) to 20 mm Hg or less has generally been held incompatible with survival, but there are exceptions. We found survival in extreme hypoxemia to occur with a rate of more than one out of 1,700 hospital patients and it is especially likely in the presence of circulatory collapse. Permanent physiological impairment could not be identified when these patients were followed up for many months. Neither the degree of hypoxemia nor survival was well correlated with hydrogen ion or carbon dioxide levels. Evidence of severe neurological impairment did not preclude survival, and the neurological signs were reversible in most instances. Blood oxygen studies often reveal derangements not revealed by pH and carbon dioxide studies, and a low oxygen level should not be considered a sign of hopelessness.
Clinical Cancer Medicine: Treatment Tactics
Authors: Susan Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Despite the subtitle "Treatment Tactics," this book does not deal with cancer treatment in general, but rather with the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the complications of malignant diseases and the therapies directed at them. In sections entitled "Oncologic Emergencies," "Oncologic Complications Related to Organ Systems," "Special Problems in Cancer Management," "Systemic Complications of Cancer," and "Rare and Uncommon Manifestations of Cancer," 17 authors, including surgeons, psychiatrists, dermatologists, and radiation therapists, as well as medical oncologists, address a wide spectrum of problems related to the care of the cancer patient. As in many multidisciplinary texts, the quality of the contributions varies and the readership to whom they are directed is not uniform. The chapter on osseous complications contains technical details of orthopedic procedures of little interest to general surgeons or medical oncologists. On the other hand, the chapter on hypercalcemia of malignancy provides valuable diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines useful to
Public Health and the Vietnam Returnee
Authors: Donald L. Nathan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In comment on the article by COL J. Greenberg "Public Health Problems Relating to t'he Vietnam Returnee" (<b>207</b>:697, 1969), I suspect that syphilis will prove a significant problem. While in naval service, I treated a number of young men evacuated from Vietnam service, who had low-titer positive tests for syphilis. Their histories were quite similar in that they had not had syphilis before and now had positive fluorescent treponomal antibody absorption tests (FTA-ABS). They had neither signs nor symptoms of disease. All gave a history of urethritis treated with a short course of tetracycline. In short, they had gone directly into early-latent syphilis. Although the armed services do not punish men for contracting venereal disease nowadays, many servicemen at home and abroad tend to avoid military physicians when they suspect such diagnoses. The control of venereal disease requires eternal vigilance, a very high degree of suspicion,
Occult AIDS: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in elderly people.
Authors: M. R. Hargreaves, G. N. Fuller, B. G. Gazzard
Journal: BMJ (1988)

to age the standard deviation ranged from 2 2 to 4-9 years, indicating an even distribution of the patients.The standard deviation of the means ranged from 0-84 to l 25 kPa for arterial oxygen tension and from 0 7 to 2 1% for oxygen saturation.No clinically important differences were found for other variables (multiple analysis of variance for haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, arterial carbon dioxide tension, bicarbonate concentration, pH, and smoking habits (< 10 cigarettes/day)).There were no sex differences, except for persistently higher packed cell volumes in men.
Screening migrants at risk of tuberculosis.
Authors: R M Hardie, J M Watson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The relation between the socioeconomic status of an area and the number of psychiatric admissions is well established * Unemployment rates are a useful marker for socioeconomic deprivation * This study found a sevenfold variation between small areas in the rates ofpeople under 65 admitted to psychiatric hospitals * There was a very powerful correlation between the psychiatric admission ratios in those aged under 65 and unemployment rates, explaining over 90% ofthis variation * This should be considered in the process of allocating resources to areas otherwise people with serious mental illness could be considerably dis- advantaged
Government policies will make health equality harder to achieve, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>AIM</h3> To assess whether different classifications of neonatal care or dependency scales are comparable when used in multicentre studies of cost effectiveness. <h3>METHODS</h3> A survey of classifications was used in a nationally representative group of 57 units in 1990–1, with a retrospective study of 10 354 cot days using patient records from a 5% random sample of 1042 admissions. Local and national classifications were correlated with medical and nursing procedures recorded for up to 26 days after each admission. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Classifications varied substantially. Of the 57 units in our sample, 26 used one of two national classifications, sometimes modified; 17 used the Northern Neonatal Network dependency scale; and the other 14 did not record daily levels of care. In each classification, the highest level was having respiratory support by ventilation or continuous distending pressure through an endotracheal tube, nasal prongs, facemask or negative pressure device. This level of care was consistently comparable between classifications; lower levels were not. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Retrospective comparisons between units with different classifications can only reliably differentiate between days with and without respiratory support. There is a pressing need to develop and validate more appropriate scales for prospective multicentre studies. These should relate activity to costs and outcome.
An immunoradiometric assay for von Willebrand factor antigen to assess angiogenesis
Authors: M.M. MOURAD, J. GIDDINGS, R. MARKS, S.P. BARTON, J. BAVERSTOCK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

A method of determining the degree of vascularization of tissues would be of great value in dermatological research such as the investigation of neoangiogenesis in wounds and in the study of the vascular abnormality in psoriasis. We describe an adaptation of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for von Willebrand factor antigen for this purpose. The results show that in endothelial cells in culture there was a good relationship between the number of cells and von Willebrand factor antigen measured by the IRMA. The relationships between the numbers of endothelial cells in biopsies of normal and healing wound skin as estimated by the histometric technique and the IRMA are less good (r = 0.45 and 0.32, respectively) but suggest that there is a positive and proportionate variation. There is a much stronger relationship (r = 0.79) between the biochemical and histometric methods in psoriatic skin.
Family doctors: their choice of practice strategy.
Authors: N Bosanquet, B Leese
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The economic decisions taken by family doctors in one family practitioner area in the north of England were examined. There was evidence of a differential response to professional and economic incentives by a group of "high investing" practices. On five indicators of improvement in practice 32% of the practices accounted for 71% of the positive scores. Nearly all the high investing practices were in affluent areas; they were on average larger and had younger partners than the other practices. The high investing practices also faced more financial problems. There was evidence that older doctors with long lists of patients had a different strategy of income maximization. Innovation in primary care is not determined by attitude alone but also by objective factors such as age, location, and size of the practice.
Abortion, Society, and the Law
Authors: Charles V. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The rapidity with which changes in legal, social, and medical attitudes toward abortion have occurred can only be described as incredible. Ten years ago therapeutic abortions in hospitals with private service were rare and on clinic services they were almost unknown. In contrast, during the first 18 months of New York's new abortion law (July 1,1970, to Dec 31, 1971), 278,122 legal abortions were performed in New York City alone. Responding to the need to gather and consolidate the increasing legal and medical information concerning abortion, the editors of<i>Abortion, Society and the Law</i>have collected exceptionally well-written, scholarly contributions from diverse sources including medicine, law, religion, and philosophy. Unfortunately, rapid accumulation of new medical information and legal interpretation makes it really impossible for a book to be strictly current in the field of abortion. The chapters of<i>Abortion, Society and the Law</i>that include legal views on the rights
A Social Science Perspective on Gifts to Physicians From Industry
Authors: Jason Dana
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combining fluorescent in situ hybridization data with ISS staging improves risk assessment in myeloma: an International Myeloma Working Group collaborative project
Authors: H Avet-Loiseau, B G M Durie, M Cavo, M Attal, N Gutierrez, J Haessler, H Goldschmidt, R Hajek, J H Lee, O Sezer, B Barlogie, J Crowley, R Fonseca, N Testoni, F Ross, S V Rajkumar, P Sonneveld, J Lahuerta, P Moreau, G Morgan
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
PRINCIPLES CONTROLLING OPERATIVE INTERFERENCE IN STRABISMUS.
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Binocular vision as possessed by man is a function of wonderful accuracy. With normal acuteness of vision the deviation of the visual axis one-fiftieth of one degree from the fixation point will produce intolerable confusion and blurring. A deviation of one-fiftieth of one degree means an error in the relative lengths of opposing muscles of 1/240 of one millimeter, 1/6000 of an inch, 1/2 of the diameter of a red blood corpuscle. Simply from the standpoint of mechanical exactness what are the chances of making a perfect adjustment of the ocular muscles by operation? The first thought that should guide us in the operative treatment of strabismus is: Operations do not cure strabismus, but they can lessen its amount so that it may pass unnoticed or may be overcome by other measures. At its best, operation may be a necessary step toward cure. More frequently it is but a means
Molecular Etching: A Novel Methodology for the Generation of Complex Micropatterned Growth Surfaces for Human Cellular Assays
Authors: Ayhan Atmanli, Dongjian Hu, Ibrahim J. Domian
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the noncellular component of all tissues. In vitro, micropatterning of ECM has enabled the control of cell shape and function. Here, a novel methodology to reliably micropattern complex, biologically active ECM protein mixtures on a variety of growth substrates is presented. It is further shown that these conditions provide more physiologic cues than single purified proteins.
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with basophilic differentiation and t(9,11)(p22,q23) in a child
Authors: Masaru Kubota, Yuichi Akiyama, Yasuyuki Tabata, Masaaki Yoshigi, Haruki Mikawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract A 20‐month‐old child was treated for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with basophilic differentiation. His leukemic cells also had the cytogenetic abnormality of t(9,11)(p22,q23). Although immature blasts responded well to induction therapy with etoposide, the leukemic cells that were more differentiated toward basophils were quite refractory to the drug. However, complete remission was finally achieved with a conventional multidrug regimen.
A Mini-Symposium on Acupuncture
Authors: David B. Finzi
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Since the acupuncture controversy began in the United States in 1971, progress in research and scientific study has followed. Universities have started investigative studies. Dr. George Ulett from Missouri Institute of Psychiatry is conducting studies for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The role of suggestion and its effects are recorded by electroencephalogram in computerized fashion, and comparative studies between hypnoanalgesia, acupuncture analgesia, and chemical analgesia are being undertaken.  There is no doubt that body meridians with its acupoints do not have valid scientific anatomical correlation except for a few new points. The present studies made under NIH supervision revealed almost equal results in treating patients by trained or untrained acupuncturists. Success rate in treating patients for a variety of reversible conditions remain amazingly the same: 40% to 60% cure rate or improvement. The induction methods are different on the surface, but all are sustained by the
The Nurse and Care of the Hypertensive Patient
Authors: FRANK A. FINNERTY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorial Note1 June 1976The Nurse and Care of the Hypertensive PatientFRANK A. FINNERTY JR., M.D.FRANK A. FINNERTY JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-6-746 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere is no doubt that successful long-term therapy of the hypertensive patient depends absolutely on patient cooperation and compliance. All the advances in therapy are not going to do the patient much good unless he remains under medical care and on therapy. In this issue, Inui, Yourtee, and Williamson (pages 646-651) vividly show us how successful training of physicians not only changes their attitude regarding hypertensive patients but surprisingly also changes their way of dealing with patients. In this study, when the physician deemphasized his role as a diagnostician and reemphasized his role as an educator of the patient, compliance...References1. SCHOENBERGERSTAMLERSHEKELLE JJR: Current status of hypertension control in an industrial population. JAMA 222:259-262, 1972 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. : Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 115 mm Hg JAMA 213:1143-1152, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SMITHBACHMANGALANTE WBJ: Co-operative clinical trial of alpha-methyldopa. III. Double-blind control comparison of alpha-methyldopa and chlorothiazide, and chlorothiazide and rauwolfia, Ann Intern Med 65:657-671, 1966 LinkGoogle Scholar4. FINNERTYSHAWHIMMELSBACH FLC: Hypertension in the inner city. II. Detection and follow-up. Circulation 47:76-78, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FINNERTY F: The nurse's role in treating hypertension (editorial). N Engl J Med 293:93-94, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANK A. FINNERTYJR., M.D.Affiliations: Georgetown University School of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Division District of Columbia General Hospital Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNursing Clinics in the Management of Hypertension 1 June 1976Volume 84, Issue 6Page: 746-746KeywordsNurses ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ethical Problems Created by the Hopelessly Unconscious Patient
Authors: Henry K. Beecher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Vex not his ghost: O, let him pass! he hates him That would upon the rack of this tough world Stretch him out longer. King Lear, v. iiiTHE following remarks are limited to the single situation of the unconscious and irretrievably injured man who is kept "alive" only by extraordinary means. Four very different kinds of questions arise from this situation:Under what circumstances, if ever, shall extraordinary means of support be terminated, with death to follow?From the earliest times the moment of death has been recognized as the time the heartbeat ceased. Is there adequate evidence . . .
Edward Bancroft Jarrett
Authors: P. Down
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> We will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).
Metastases in Immune-Mediated Dormancy: A New Opportunity for Targeting Cancer
Authors: Irene Romero, Federico Garrido, Angel M. Garcia-Lora
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The aim of any anticancer treatment is to avoid, control, or eliminate disseminated tumor cells. Clinical and experimental evidence has revealed that metastases can remain in a latency state, that is, metastasis dormancy. Three mechanisms are thought to be involved in cancer dormancy: cellular dormancy, angiogenic dormancy, and immune-mediated dormancy. Here, we review the mechanisms and cells involved in immune-mediated cancer dormancy and discuss current and future immunotherapeutic strategies. Recent results indicate that the immune system can restrain disseminated cancer cells, promoting their permanent dormancy. CD8(+) T lymphocytes play a relevant role in maintaining immune equilibrium with metastatic dormant cells, and MHC class I surface expression on tumor cells may also be involved. Natural killer (NK) cells have an activator function that triggers a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Furthermore, immune dormancy promotes cancer cell growth arrest and angiogenic control. Immunotherapeutic interventions in metastatic dormancy may help to control or eradicate cancer disease. Treatments that activate or increase the CTL immune response or reverse cancer cell-induced CTL immunosuppression might be useful to restrain or destroy metastatic cells. These objectives may be achieved by recovering or increasing MHC class I surface expression on cancer cells or even by activating NK cells. Immune-mediated metastasis dormancy provides an opportunity for targeting cancer in novel immune treatments.
Cyclophosphamide: Use in Practice
Authors: M. ERIC GERSHWIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Cyclophosphamide is a potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytostatic and cytotoxic drug used for such diverse medical problems as neoplasia, tissue transplantation, and inflammatory disease of uncertain cause. The drug is inactive until converted to active metabolites in the liver. The serum half-life in humans is about 6.5 hours, and both metabolism and toxicity vary with body surface area. Cyclophosphamide treatment kills both rapidly proliferating cells and resting lymphoid cells. This leads to a reduction of circulating small lymphocytes as well as impaired humoral and cellular immune responses. Infectious complications may result. Toxicity is also particularly evident in the urologic system where sterile hemorrhagic cystitis is a common problem. Other reactions include infertility in both sexes, pneumonitis after treatment, and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Guidelines should be carefully followed in prescribing immunosuppressive drugs.
UNTOWARD EFFECTS OF PHENYTOIN SODIUM IN EPILEPSY
Authors: ISIDORE FINKELMAN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Merritt and Putnam<sup>1</sup>found that while phenytoin sodium (sodium diphenyl hydantoinate, or dilantin sodium) was effective in protecting animals from electrically induced convulsions it produced little sedative effect. The effectiveness of this drug was then determined by them<sup>2</sup>in a group of 200 patients who had been having frequent convulsive seizures for many years and who had obtained little or no benefit from the usually accepted treatment. Certain toxic effects were observed, among them dermatitis, nonthrombopenic purpura, tremors, ataxia and dizziness. Although Fetterman<sup>3</sup>reported that phenytoin sodium had a high degree of therapeutic value, he observed disquieting side actions such as itching, a cutaneous rash, swelling of the gums, tremors and ataxia, blurring of vision, loss of taste and dysesthesia in the mouth, restlessness, insomnia, irritability, paranoid state, anorexia, gastric distress and loss of weight. A study of the table published by Fetterman shows that 23 of