tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome and Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Mass in Blacks
Authors: Cecil M. Burchfiel, Thomas N. Skelton, Michael E. Andrew, Robert J. Garrison, Donna K. Arnett, Daniel W. Jones, Herman A. Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The metabolic syndrome has been associated with cardiovascular disease, but few studies have examined its relationship with subclinical measures such as echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass. This relationship is likely to be of particular importance in blacks, in whom both the metabolic syndrome and LV hypertrophy are common.
Autophagy in Load-Induced Heart Disease
Authors: Beverly A. Rothermel, Joseph A. Hill
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

The heart is a highly plastic organ capable of remodeling in response to changes in physiological or pathological demand. For example, when workload increases, compensatory hypertrophic growth of individual cardiomyocytes occurs to increase cardiac output. Sustained stress, however, such as that occurring with hypertension or following myocardial infarction, triggers changes in energy metabolism and sarcomeric protein composition, loss of cardiomyocytes, ventricular dilation, reduced pump function, and ultimately heart failure. It has been known for some time that autophagy is active in cardiomyocytes, occurring at increased levels in disease. Now, with recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms governing autophagy, the potential contributions of cardiomyocyte autophagy to ventricular remodeling and disease pathogenesis are being explored. As part of this work, several recent studies have focused on autophagy in heart disease elicited by changes in hemodynamic load. Pressure overload stress elicits a robust autophagic response in cardiomyocytes that is maladaptive, contributing to disease progression. In this context, load-induced aggregation of intracellular proteins is a proximal event triggering autophagic clearance mechanisms. These findings in the setting of pressure overload contrast with protein aggregation occurring in a model of protein chaperone malfunction, where activation of autophagy is beneficial, antagonizing disease progression. Here, we review recent studies of cardiomyocyte autophagy in load-induced disease and address molecular mechanisms and unanswered questions.
Immunotherapy for nasal allergy
Authors: Philip S. Norman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)

Controlled studies establish the effectiveness of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis related to grasses, ragweed, mountain cedar, and birch pollens.Clinical improvement appears to be specific, to require adequate dosage, and to relapse once booster injections are discontinued.Specific immunologic responses increase blocking IgG antibodies in serum and secretions, blunt IgE responses, and reduce lymphocyte reactions.Immediate mediator release is reduced both in basophils challenged in vitro and in nasal secretions after local challenge in vivo.Effects on late-phase inflammatory reactions are still under investigation.Standardization of allergenic extracts by immunologic methods should make useful therapeutic responses more frequent.
Abnormality of the U Wave and of the T-U Segment of the Electrocardiogram
Authors: D. FURBETTA, A. BUFALARI, F. SANTUCCI, P. SOLINAS
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The U wave is considered to represent repolarization of the papillary muscle and neighboring structures. In this study the various types of abnormalities in U wave and T-U segments are outlined and are related to the cardiac involvement. The common factor underlying the varied cardiac pathology is regarded to be ischemia, "strain," or other functional derangement of the papillary muscles in the right or left ventricles.
The Ocular Dangers of Bladeless Weed Trimmers
Authors: David A. Usdan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A new garden tool involves the use of a rapidly spinning nylon cord, which is used to trim grass, weeds, and underbrush. At first glance, these tools seem safe, as no solid blades are used. However, the high rpm (6,000 to 8,500)<sup>1</sup>throws out debris at a very high velocity. This report describes how the nylon cord itself can be a cause of significant injury. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 52-year-old woman was starting her weed trimmer. She noted immediate pain on the right side of her face and in her right eye and was treated at a local emergency room without delay. The following morning, she appeared at my office in marked distress. Her visual acuity was OD, light projection, and OS, 20/20. The left eye was normal. There was a serpentinelike superficial laceration of the skin over the right zygoma, which extended diagonally to
Studies on the effects of primary therapy for DIC following circulatory arrest
Authors: Yoshinobu Takemoto, Shigeru Tanaka, Jun Tanabe, Yoshihiro Nakamura, Akitsugu Kohama, Susumu Shibata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Comparative studies in early treatment for DIC caused by circulatory arrest were carried out on three groups of dogs during 300 min from the recovery of circulatory arrest: a heparin group, a FOY (gabexate mesilate) group, and a FUT‐175 (nafamostat mesilate) group. The parameters employed were platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), fibrinogen, antithrombin‐III (AT‐III), and fibrin or fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). In the heparin group, there was less of a drop in the platelet count and the level of AT‐III than in the control group, but the FDP levels were the same as in the control group. The PT and APTT remained within normal limits in the FOY group and no decrease was observed in either platelet count or AT‐III levels. In addition, FDP levels were kept within normal limits. In the FUT‐175 group, prolongation of APTT, no decline in the platelet count and AT‐III levels, and normal levels of FDP were observed. The results of these experiments indicate the importance of early treatment for DIC. Judging from the parameters, better results were obtained in the FOY and FUT‐175 group than in the heparin group.
Interferon regulatory factor-8 regulates bone metabolism by suppressing osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Baohong Zhao, Masamichi Takami, Atsushi Yamada, Xiaogu Wang, Takako Koga, Xiaoyu Hu, Tomohiko Tamura, Keiko Ozato, Yongwon Choi, Lionel B Ivashkiv, Hiroshi Takayanagi, Ryutaro Kamijo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Optimum dosage of ispaghula husk in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: correlation of symptom relief with whole gut transit time and stool weight.
Authors: A Kumar, N Kumar, J C Vij, S K Sarin, B S Anand
Journal: Gut (1987)

To determine the optimum dose of ispaghula husk in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to assess the correlation, if any between the relief in patients9 symptoms and the whole gut transit time, and the increase in stool weight, a two part study was carried out. In part 1, 14 male patients were given ispaghula husk in increasing doses of 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g a day for a duration of 17 days each (14 days of study period + three days of stool collection). Ten patients completed the trial. The symptom score improved significantly with all the three doses of ispaghula. Both 20 g and 30 g doses of ispaghula were superior to the 10 g dose but there was no significant difference between the 20 g and 30 g doses. There was a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in the daily stool weight with 10 g dose of fibre with further significant increases with the 20 g and 30 g doses. A positive correlation was seen between the improvement in the symptom score and the increase in stool weight with the 10 g dose of ispaghula but not with the 20 g and 30 g doses. Whole gut transit time remained fairly constant throughout the study period and there was no relationship with either the dose of ispaghula, the alteration in stool weight, or the improvement in the patients symptoms. Ten patients completed part 2 of the study in which ispaghula husk was given in the same dose (10 g, 20 g, and 30 g) but in a random order and with a "washout" period of one week between individual doses. Again all the three doses of ispaghula produced a significant improvement in the symptoms; 20 g and 30 g doses were equally effective and both were significantly superior to the 10 g dose. Assessed individually, all the three symptoms improved significantly; improvement in constipation and pain abdomen was more pronounced than diarrhoea. It is concluded that the optimum dose of ispaghula husk in irritable bowel syndrome is 20 g per day. There is some correlation between the increase in stool weight and the improvement in symptom score but the whole gut transit time remains unchanged despite alterations in stool weight and patients9 symptoms.
The clinical spectrum of naevus anaemicus and its association with port wine stains: report of 15 cases and a review of the literature
Authors: G.A. KATUGAMPOLA, S.W. LANIGAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article The clinical spectrum of naevus anaemicus and its association with port wine stains: report of 15 cases and a review of the literature Get access G.A. KATUGAMPOLA, G.A. KATUGAMPOLA Department of Dermatology, Bridgend General Hospital Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan CF31 1JP. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.W. LANIGAN S.W. LANIGAN Department of Dermatology, Bridgend General Hospital Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan CF31 1JP. U.K. Ur S.W. Lanigan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 2, 1 February 1996, Pages 292–295, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07616.x Published: 01 February 1996 Article history Accepted: 24 March 1995 Published: 01 February 1996
From the Office of the General Counsel. HIV-infected surgeons: Behringer v Medical Center
Authors: D. Orentlicher
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RE: Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer Risk in the SELECT Trial
Authors: W. S. Harris, M. H. Davidson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

) and Azordegan et al. (3) both provide evidence that in precancerous tissues early changes in fatty acid metabolism (eg, increases in the activity of delta-6-desaturase [D6D]) could increase tissue (and possibly plasma) levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Hence, it is possible that metabolic changes (eg, upregulation of D5D and D6D, which produce long-chain from short-chain omega-3 fatty acids) associated with the carcinogenic process could have raised omega-3 levels. Second, higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are also observed in indi
Relevance of duration of transient ischaemic attacks in carotid territory.
Authors: M J Harrison, J Marshall, D J Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A retrospective review of the clinical and angiographic features of 116 patients who had had one or more transient ischaemic attacks in the carotid territory showed that stenosis of ther cervical portion of the internal carotid artery was significantly more prevalent among patients whose attacks had been brief, with full recovery in under one hour. This information may be helpful in selecting patients for angiography.
Differentiation Between Carcinoid and Sarcoid With F-18 FDG PET and In-111 Pentetreotide
Authors: Anca M. Avram, Gavin C. Mackie, Bryan J. Schneider, Gregory P. Kalemkerian, Barry L. Shulkin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A patient who presented with weight loss and recurrent left lower lobe pneumonia was diagnosed with endobronchial carcinoid. Chest CT scan demonstrated extensive mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy suggesting stage IIIB disease, but radionuclide imaging with In-111 pentetreotide and F-18 FDG PET diagnosed 2 distinct pathologic processes based on functional differences between neuroendocrine tumors (expressing somatostatin receptors) and sarcoidosis (intensely FDG-avid). The possible association of carcinoid with sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions in regional lymph nodes should always be considered, and the staging process should include both anatomic and functional imaging and biopsy confirmation of suspected metastatic lesions.
Aspects of the Circulation's Economy.--II
Authors: K. J. Franklin
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Aids to BeautyFor the benefit of the ladies, whose presence I wel- comed at the outset of my address, I venture to make a few remarks which are kindly meant.I refer to the practice of plucking the eyebrows, which presumably is intended to have a beautifying effect.Let me remind you that Nature provided the eyebrows for a specific purpose-namely, to divert the drops of perspiration which course down the forehead from entering the eyes.It would be just as reasonable to tear down the gutter- ing from the roof of a building and allow the rain water to cascade over the window-panes.The natural corol- lary would be that those of the gentler sex who resort to this practice do not work hard enough to perspire.Another beauty aid extensively employed in high society is the application of pigments of various kinds to the eyelashes, perhaps not quite so reprehensible an embellishment.This form of toilet is not without risk, and I have seen at least one " pair of sparkling eyes " rendered permanently glazed and blinded as the result of innocent preparation for a social function.
Myotonic muscular dystrophy: defective phospholipid metabolism in the erythrocyte plasma membrane.
Authors: J E Grey, H J Gitelman, A D Roses
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Myotonic muscular dystrophy (MyD) is a systemic genetic disorder that is thought to result from a generalized cellular membrane defect although the exact nature of this defect is unknown. This study examines two calcium-dependent membrane processes that have been observed in erythrocytes from healthy individuals: calcium-stimulated phosphatidic acid accumulation and calcium-induced potassium leak. We find that erythrocytes from MyD patients, in contrast to controls, have markedly impaired phosphatidic acid accumulations while maintaining normal potassium leaks. The calcium uptakes and ATP contents of MyD erythrocytes are not different from controls. We conclude that phospholipid metabolism is altered in MyD erythrocytes. The specificity of this abnormality and its relationship to altered muscular function are not known.
Abstract S1-10: Disparities in the estimates of benefits and harms from mammography: Are the numbers really different?
Authors: RA Smith, S Duffy, TH-H Chen, AMF Yen, L Tabar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It is generally accepted that screening with mammography prevents deaths from breast cancer, although debate continues about the absolute size of the mortality benefit, and the concomitant risks associated with screening. A number of recent observational studies have claimed to find low rates of benefit in terms of reducing mortality rates or late stage disease, and high rates of overdiagnosis, defined as the diagnosis by screening of cancer which would not have been diagnosed in the patient's lifetime if screening had not taken place. These publications have achieved a high profile in the mass media and stimulated further debate. We review the apparent disparities between different reviews of the effects of mammography screening on mortality from breast cancer and on overdiagnosis. The four major reviews are the UK Independent Review, the Nordic Cochrane review, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) review, and the EUROSCREEN review. The estimated number needed to screen/invite to prevent one death from breast cancer ranges from 111 to 2000, almost a 20-fold range. The estimated number required varies by age group, whether the intervention described is actual screening or invitation to screening, follow-up time and other factors. To assess whether these represent genuine disagreements or whether the differences are mainly due to such factors as follow-up time and target population, we converted all four to pertain to the same scenario as used in the UK Independent Review, that is to the effect of screening for 20 years from age 50 to 69 on breast cancer mortality in ages 55-79, in a UK population. When all four reviews are converted to the UK review scenario, the range of absolute benefits is now only 2.5-fold rather than 20-fold. Thus, the differences between the reviews with respect to the absolute breast cancer mortality reduction are almost entirely due to expressing the same basic result relative to different denominators, choice of population mortality rates, etc. Thus, the so-called controversy over the benefit of mammography screening as estimated from the trials is largely contrived. When expressed relative to the same denominator, with the same screening and follow-up periods, and using the same absolute mortality rates, absolute benefit estimates are all of the same order of magnitude, and all indicate a substantial reduction in breast cancer mortality with screening. While there are genuine disagreements about overdiagnosis, methods which adjust for lead time and underlying incidence trends yield estimates which are modest and are outweighed by the mortality benefit. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S1-10.
Weathering of hair in trichothiodystrophy
Authors: V.A. VENNING, R.P.R. DAWBER, D.J.P. FERGUSON, M.W. LKANAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The structure of hairs from three patients with sulphur-deficient hair, trichothiodystrophy, has been studied by light, plane-polarizing and scanning electron microscopy. Severe cuticular and secondary cortical degeneration was evident along almost the entire length of the hair shaft, with cuticle loss, trichorrhexis nodosa formation and trichoschisis. The severity of these changes varied between patients. The role of the cuticle in protecting hair from environmental damage is discussed.
Characteristics of Participants in Domestic Violence
Authors: Daniel Brookoff
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To evaluate the characteristics of victims and perpetrators of domestic assault.Consecutive-sample survey study conducted at the scenes of police calls for domestic assault in Memphis, Tenn, in 1995.A total of 136 participants (72 victims and 64 assailants) involved in 62 incidents of domestic violence and 75 adult family members at the scene.Participants' responses to a confidential survey and review of police records.Of 62 episodes of domestic assault, 42 (68%) involved weapons and 11 (15%) resulted in serious injury. Fifty-five (89%) of 62 assault victims reported previous assaults by their current assailants, 19 (35%) of them on a daily basis. Although nearly all assault victims had called the police for help on previous occasions, only 12 (22%) reported having ever sought medical care, counseling, or shelter because of domestic assault. Sixty (92%) of the 64 assailants reportedly used alcohol or other drugs on the day of the assault. Of the assailants, 28 (44%) had a history of arrest for charges related to violence, and 46 (72%) had an arrest for substance abuse. Eleven (15%) of the victims were children. Children directly witnessed 53 (85%) of the assaults.Most victims of domestic violence who had called the police rarely used medical or mental health facilities for problems related to family violence despite frequent assaults. Victims and assailants were willing to discuss their histories of family violence and undergo assessments at the scenes of police calls.
Frequency domain measures of heart period variability and mortality after myocardial infarction.
Authors: J T Bigger, J L Fleiss, R C Steinman, L M Rolnitzky, R E Kleiger, J N Rottman
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND We studied 715 patients 2 weeks after myocardial infarction to establish the associations between six frequency domain measures of heart period variability (HPV) and mortality during 4 years of follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS Each measure of HPV had a significant and at least moderately strong univariate association with all-cause mortality, cardiac death, and arrhythmic death. Power in the lower-frequency bands--ultra low frequency (ULF) and very low frequency (VLF) power--had stronger associations with all three mortality end points than power in the higher-frequency bands--low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power. The 24-hour total power also had a significant and strong association with all three mortality end points. VLF power was the only variable that was more strongly associated with arrhythmic death than with cardiac death or all-cause mortality. In multivariate Cox regression models using a step-up approach to evaluate the independent associations between frequency domain measures of heart period variability and death of all causes, ULF power was selected first (i.e., was the single component with the strongest association). Adding VLF or LF power to the Cox regression model significantly improved the prediction of outcome. With both ULF and VLF power in the Cox regression model, the addition of the other two components, LF and HF power, singly or together, did not significantly improve the prediction of all-cause mortality. We explored the relation between the heart period variability measures and all-cause mortality, cardiac death, and arrhythmic death before and after adjusting for five previously established postinfarction risk predictors: age, New York Heart Association functional class, rales in the coronary care unit, left ventricular ejection fraction, and ventricular arrhythmias detected in a 24-hour Holter ECG recording. CONCLUSIONS After adjustment for the five risk predictors, the association between mortality and total, ULF, and VLF power remained significant and strong, whereas LF and HF power were only moderately strongly associated with mortality. The tendency for VLF power to be more strongly associated with arrhythmic death than with all-cause or cardiac death was still evident after adjusting for the five covariates. Adding measures of HPV to previously known predictors of risk after myocardial infarction identifies small subgroups with a 2.5-year mortality risk of approximately 50%.