tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The influence of an 8 hour flight on haematological variables used in the athletes' biological passport of WADA
Authors: S C Voss, M Alsayrafi, N Alsowaidi, M Elzain Elgingo, P Bourdon, N Robinson, P E Sottas, F Klodt, D Nonis, Y O Schumacher
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

WADA's biological passport uses Hb and Ret% as markers for detection of blood doping. Athletes often have to travel long distances when they go for competition or training camps. Thus it is a legitimate discussion if the influence of travelling has a significant impact on these markers. For that reason the aim of this study was to investigate Hb and Ret% before and after a day of travelling including a flight of 8 h. 15 male endurance athletes performed a 14 h journey including an 8 h flight. Hydration status, bodyweight and fluid intake was controlled. Blood was sampled in the morning and evening of day 1 and day 2 for interday comparisons and to control if intraday fluctuations are a result of travelling or circadian rhythm. Day 1 The subject`s bodyweight did not show a significant difference between the two timepoints of day 11, with 72.9±5.9 kg in the morning and 72.5±5.8 kg in the evening. The subjects showed a positive fluid balance of 982±780 ml. Hb showed a significant decrease from 14.5±0.6 g/dl to 14.0±0.6 g/dl while Ret% remained unchanged (1.09±0.25% vs 1.03±0.29%). Day 2 The bodyweight of the subjects was 71.9±5.8 kg in the morning and 72.9±5.7 kg in the evening. The fluid balance was 407±908 ml. The high SD is a sign that some of the subjects had a negative fluid balance, which was the case for four subjects. Hb showed a significant decrease from 14.9±0.6 g/dl to 14.2±0.5 g/dl while Ret% remained unchanged (1.03±0.30% vs 1.06±0.32%). The homeostasis of the human body regarding its fluid balance and hydration remains stable during changing environmental conditions which occur at a typical travel day including an 8 h flight. We conclude that an 8 h flight does not change the haematological variables used in the biological passport in a bigger range than by circadian fluctuations. Thus blood samples after flights up to 8 h can be used for the interpretation in antidoping.
Renal Replacement Therapy in the Developing World
Authors: Ricardo Correa-Rotter
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

The advent of successful renal replacement therapy (RRT) has, like few other examples in modern medicine, emphasized the wide breach in health care between developed and emerging nations ([1][1]). It is not an overstatement to point out that ESRD may be a devastating medical, social, and economic
Cochlear implants carry risk of meningitis, agencies warn
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Patients with cochlear implants should be vaccinated against the bacteria that cause bacterial meningitis, warn the UK Medical Devices Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration.

Both organisations have issued a public health warning on the association of meningitis with cochlear implants after 25 cases of the disease, nine of them fatal, were reported in patients who received the implants. The FDA suspects, on the basis of an informal survey of centres that performthe implantations, that the true incidence is greater and that other cases have gone unreported.

The cases, reported in the United …
Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Anomalies of the Brain: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Twelfth Annual Scientific Meeting of the Houston Neurological Society, Jointly Sponsored by the Department of Neurology, Baylor University, College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Tex.  Compiled and edited by William S. Fields and Adolph L. Sahs. 518 pp, with illus. $18.75. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill, 1965  The book by Pool and Potts, a collaboration of neurosurgeon and radiologist, represents the first comprehensive treatise in the field since that of Manby (1952). It updates the variety of treatments for vascular anomalies, ranging from non-operative conservatism to direct exposure for clipping, plastic coating, pilojection and electrothrombosis. Emphasis is placed on use of temporary hemostatic clips under moderate hypothermia for direct intracranial attack which, in Pool's opinion, is the optimum therapy. Items of particular interest include vasospasm, four-vessel angiography, temporary cervical carotid occlusion, aneurysms of the anterior communicating area, multiple aneurysms, and intracranial bleeding in pregnancy.
Hard Times for the National Centers
Authors: John P. Bunker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

IN 1973, Franz Ingelfinger called attention to the precarious budgetary support of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).1 The administration had proposed a budget of $22.8 million, and the House of Representatives had concurred, but some members of the Senate urged that it be cut to $19.3 million. Calling attention to the nation's annual expenditures on health care, which at that time exceeded $80 billion, Dr. Ingelfinger commented, "What an incongruity: we bear health-care costs that in their size and growth stagger everyone, but yet Washington is hesitant to allocate 1/4000 of the $80 billion to obtain facts that . . .
NEED FOR RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY AFTER CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH AL AMYLOIDOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR SURVIVAL
Authors: Emily Niehaus, Sara Tabtabai, Nitasha Sarswat, James R. Stone, Lauren Gilstrap, Mathew Maurer, Ronald Witteles, Jerry Estep, David Baran, Mark Zucker, Guiseppe Feltrin, David Seldin, Marc Semigran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 233: Polo-like kinase 1 facilitates loss of Pten-induced prostate cancer formation
Authors: X. Shawn Liu, Bing Song, Bennett D. Elzey, Timothy L. Ratliff, Stephen F. Konieczny, Liang Cheng, Xiaoqi Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Loss of the tumor suppressor Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is thought to mediate the majority of prostate cancers, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that Pten-depleted cells suffer from mitotic stress, and that nuclear function of Pten, but not its phosphastase activity, is required to reverse this stress phenotype. Further, depletion of Pten results in elevated expression of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a key regulator of the cell cycle. We found that elevated Plk1 is critical for Pten-depleted cells to adapt to mitotic stress for survival, and that re-introduction of wild-type Pten into Pten-null prostate cancer cells reduces the survival dependence on Plk1. We further show that Plk1 confers the tumorigenic competence of Pten-deleted prostate cancer cells in a mouse xenograft model. In order to evaluate the clinical relevance of our finding, we examined the expression level of Plk1 in human prostate cancer tissue assay which includes normal tissue samples, prostate hyperplasia samples and malignant tumor samples. A correlation between overexpression of Plk1 and genetic inactivation of Pten was observed during prostate neoplasia formation. These findings identify a role of Plk1 in facilitating loss of Pten-induced prostate cancer formation, which suggests that Plk1 might be a promising target for prostate cancer patients with inactivating Pten mutations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 233. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-233
Sodium and Water Homeostasis
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In fewer than 250 pages, this little monograph covers the major disturbances of water and salt metabolism occurring in a variety of diseases. It has chapters on hyponatremia and hypernatremia, describing their causes, classifications, consequences, and methods of treatment. It reviews the factors regulating renal sodium excretion, tells which segment of the nephron does what, and explains where the various diuretic drugs exert their action. It comprehensively discusses the mechanisms of sodium retention in heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, nephritis, and idiopathic edema. There is a chapter on the causes and homeostatic disturbances of extracellular fluid depletion. There is also an excellent chapter on the effects of liver disease—complete with 150 references—describing the renal disturbances in various forms of hepatic disease and critically sifting the enormous mass of frequently conflicting or contradictory evidence for various pathogenetic mechanisms. The book is written for nephrologists, urologists, internists, and pediatricians, but should also appeal
Experiences with prosthetic reconstruction of the trachea and bifurcation.
Authors: H Toomes, G Mickisch, I Vogt-Moykopf
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Extensive tracheal resections were performed to avoid imminent asphyxia in nine patients. Airway continuity was restored with either a straight or a bifurcated Neville prosthesis. One patient had progressive perichondritis and the remaining eight had advanced malignancy. Three patients died of complications due to the prosthesis, 15 days, seven months, and 10 months after operation. Five patients from their underlying disease and one patient is alive 13 months after reconstruction.
MCT1-mediated transport of a toxic molecule is an effective strategy for targeting glycolytic tumors
Authors: Kivanç Birsoy, Tim Wang, Richard Possemato, Omer H Yilmaz, Catherine E Koch, Walter W Chen, Amanda W Hutchins, Yetis Gultekin, Tim R Peterson, Jan E Carette, Thijn R Brummelkamp, Clary B Clish, David M Sabatini
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Complement fraction 3 binding on erythrocytes as additional mechanism of disease in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients treated by eculizumab
Authors: Antonio M. Risitano, Rosario Notaro, Ludovica Marando, Bianca Serio, Danilo Ranaldi, Elisa Seneca, Patrizia Ricci, Fiorella Alfinito, Andrea Camera, Giacomo Gianfaldoni, Angela Amendola, Carla Boschetti, Eros Di Bona, Giorgio Fratellanza, Filippo Barbano, Francesco Rodeghiero, Alberto Zanella, Anna Paola Iori, Carmine Selleri, Lucio Luzzatto, Bruno Rotoli
Journal: Blood (2009)
Abstract 4987: Identification of novel genes and pathways involved in resistance to HER2-targeting agents in breast cancer
Authors: Daniel Wetterskog, Kai-Keen Shiu, Irene Chong, Titia Meijer, Rachael Natrajan, Christopher J. Lord, Alan Ashworth, Jorge S. Reis-Filho
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The HER2 gene ERBB2 is amplified and/ or overexpressed in up to 15% of all invasive breast cancers. These cancers are characterised by an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical outcome. HER2 positive tumours often display multiple high level amplifications of genes in addition to HER2. Although targeted therapies to HER2 have proven clinical benefit, a substantial number of patients have tumours that are either de novo resistant or acquire resistance over time to these agents. Reasons for this are still largely unknown. By using a high throughput siRNA screen we sought to determine whether genes recurrently amplified and overexpressed in HER2-amplified breast cancer mediate resistance to HER2-targeting agents. We profiled 45 HER2-amplified primary breast cancers and 13 HER2-amplified cell lines with high resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) and Illumina WG6 v2 arrays. Overlaying of aCGH and gene expression data led to the identification of 369 genes recurrently amplified and overexpressed when amplified. Lapatinib-resistant HER2-amplified breast cancer cell lines were treated with lapatinib, a HER2 small molecule inhibitor, and screened with an RNA interference (RNAi) library targeting these 369 genes and controls. This RNAi screen and subsequent validation screens identified eight genes that when silenced lead to a significant sensitization to lapatinib. The mechanisms of resistance conferred by the identified genes were further investigated and pointed to the involvement of NF-kappaB-signalling, Wnt-signalling and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Our results indicate that specific amplified and overexpressed genes found in HER2 positive breast cancers mediate resistance to anti-HER2 agents. These findings might be used to identify patients likely to be de novo resistant to lapatinib and provide new targets for combined targeted therapies to overcome resistance to anti-HER2 therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4987. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4987
Effects of Phosphate Loading and Depletion on the Renal Excretion and Reabsorption of Inorganic Phosphate
Authors: David D. Thompson, Howard H. Hiatt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

A number of studies have indicated that para- thyroid extract increases the renal excretion of phosphate (1-6).This effect appears to result from a depression of the renal reabsorption of phosphate (6).Endogenous secretory activity of the parathyroid glands has been related to the ex- tracellular concentration and/or the dietary intake of calcium and phosphate.Although dietary vari- ations of these ions did not correlate consistently with TmP 8 in our initial investigations ( 7), other workers have demonstrated an influence of diet on phosphate reabsorption.A high phosphate diet led to a diminished P reabsorption in normal but not in parathyroidectomized rats (8).Studies in dogs (9) and in normal human subjects (8, 10) also indicated that the level of P intake in- fluenced P reabsorption, but whether this effect was mediated by the parathyroid glands is not clear.In order to examine more rigorously the effects of a high P intake, buffered sodium phos- phate solutions were administered intravenously daily for four to eight days to the normal and hy- poparathyroid subjects previously described (7).Another phase of this study involved an inquiry into the mechanism by which aluminum gels pro- duce a marked reduction in urinary P.Variations in plasma levels of Ca and P often occur together.An attempt was made to separate the effects of elevation of plasma P from the fre- quently seen simultaneous reduction in plasma Ca.Our data indicate that repeated daily intrave- nous administration of large quantities of phos-
Gender gap persists in treatment of Canadians after heart attack
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A Canadian woman's risk of dying within the first 30 days after a heart attack is 16% higher than a man's, and after a stroke it is 11% higher, even after taking into account age and other health conditions, the Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation's annual report on Canadians' health said this week. 

The reasons for this are unclear, but compared with men, women are less likely to be treated by a specialist; less likely to be transferred to another facility for treatment; and …
Detection of genomic and intermediate replicative strands of hepatitis C virus in liver tissue by in situ hybridization.
Authors: K T Nouri Aria, R Sallie, D Sangar, G J Alexander, H Smith, J Byrne, B Portmann, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Nonisotopic in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled cDNA probe to the 3' nonstructural region (NS5) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was performed on liver tissue from 33 patients. The results were compared with PCR detection of HCV RNA performed on 24 of the biopsies. Nonisotopic in situ hybridization correlated well with PCR findings. Hybridization signals were detected, within the cytoplasm and nuclei/nucleoli of hepatocytes, mononuclear, and biliary epithelial cells. In patients with clinically and histologically defined chronic active hepatitis related to active HCV infection, HCV genome was frequently detected in biliary epithelium and correlated well with biliary damage, an otherwise uncommon finding in chronic active hepatitis due to other hepatotropic viruses. Further studies using sense and antisense probes synthesized from the 5' non-coding region of the HCV genome confirmed the localization of positive strand of HCV in the above cell populations. The replicative intermediate strand was also present in all cells, although less frequently observed, apart from biliary epithelium, where negative strand of HCV was undetectable. The findings of HCV genome in liver biopsies of two patients with no significant histological abnormalities may suggest that the damage seen in chronic HCV infection is immune mediated, although the cytopathic effect of the virus may also be important.
Inhibition of Chronic Airway Inflammation and Remodeling by Galectin-3 Gene Therapy in a Murine Model of Chronic Asthma
Authors: V. del Pozo, E. López, T. de Miguel, B.S. Sastre, J. Zubeldia, C. Seoane, E. Civantos, M. Baeza, B. Cárdaba, E. Llanes, S. Gallardo, F. Manzarbeitia, C. Lahoz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Food Poisoning Following Consumption of Clenbuterol-Treated Veal in Italy
Authors: Gianfranco Brambilla
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We first described an outbreak of β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonist poisoning in Italy in 1995.<sup>1</sup>We describe herein an outbreak related to use of clenbuterol for animal husbandry. Between August 25 and 28, 1996,62 persons sought medical attention at the emergency department in 2 hospitals near the city of Caserta, Italy. In these patients, aged 7 to 65 years (median, 30 years), the clinical profile was characterized by palpitations or tachycardia and nervousness (91% of patients), tremors (88%), gastrointestinal symptoms (65%), vertigo (42%), myalgia-arthralgia (20%), cephalalgia (18%), and, in some cases, weakness or confusion. Electrocardiograms for some patients revealed sinus tachycardia at a rate of 120 to 150 beats per minute with ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles. Most patients refused admission. All patients reported consumption of beef 10 minutes to 3 hours before symptom onset; the average duration of symptoms was 48 hours. There were no apparent permanent
“Undue Inducement' as Coercive Offers
Authors: Joan McGregor
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

""Undue Inducement' as Coercive Offers." The American Journal of Bioethics, 5(5), pp. 24–25 Notes 1Jeremy Bentham phrase was: "natural rights is simple nonsense: natural and imprescriptible rights, rhetorical nonsense, nonsense upon stilts." In Anarchical Fallaciesin Rights, Representation, and Reform: Nonsense upon stilts and other writings on the French Revolution, eds. Philip Schofield, Catherine Pease-Watkin and Cyrian Blamires, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
The suitability of sunglasses worn by PUVA patients
Authors: B. L. Diffey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article The suitability of sunglasses worn by PUVA patients Get access B. L. Diffey B. L. Diffey Regional Medical Physics Department, Dryburn Hospital, Durham DH1 5TW, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 4, 1 October 1988, Page 553, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03266.x Published: 01 October 1988
Acute diarrhoea induces rectal sensitivity in women but not men.
Authors: L A Houghton, J Wych, P J Whorwell
Journal: Gut (1995)

Some patients with diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome have increased rectal sensitivity. It is uncertain, however, whether the diarrhoea is a consequence of the rectal sensitivity or if it is sensitising the rectum in some way. The aim of this study was to assess whether inducing diarrhoea in normal healthy volunteers can sensitise the rectum and therefore be a potential or partial cause of the sensitive rectum seen in some patients with diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. The anorectal responses to balloon distension were measured in 20 healthy volunteers (aged 20-43 years, 10 female) eight hours after laxative induced diarrhoea or under control conditions. Ingestion of an isoosmotic laxative increased stool output from 1.1 (0.7-2.3) (median (range)) to 8 (5-19) bowel movements per day with no significant differences between men and women. In women rectal sensitivity was significantly increased after diarrhoea compared with control conditions (vol to induce discomfort (ml): 116 (96, 136) v 153 (137, 168), mean (95% CI); p &lt; 0.001). This was associated with a reduction in the volume to induce internal anal sphincter relaxation (16 (12, 20) v 28 (21, 36); p &lt; 0.005), and volume to induce sustained internal anal sphincter relaxation (70 (56, 84) v 90 (67, 113); p &lt; 0.03), but no significant change in rectal compliance (ml/cm H2O at 100 ml) 4.8 (3.5, 6.1) v 4.1 (3.0, 5.1) or distension induced motility (motility index) 994 (341, 1647) v 735 (46, 1424). Conversely, in men diarrhoea had no significant effect on anorectal physiology and their control values were not significantly different from those of the women. In conclusion, the results of this study taken with the finding that irritable bowel syndrome is more common in women, suggests that the male or female sex hormonal environment may be an important factor in allowing the gut to be sensitised to noxious stimuli.
"Bull's-Eye" Lesions
Authors: Maurice M. Reeder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>Common</h3> Lymphoma Metastatic melanoma Spindle cell tumor, benign or malignant <h3>Uncommon</h3> Aberrant pancreas Carcinoid tumor Carcinoma Eosinophilic granuloma Kaposi sarcoma Metastases from kidney, breast, or other tumors <h3>Diagnosis.—</h3> Metastatic melanoma. <h3>Comment.—</h3> Three years earlier, the patient had had a mole removed from the right preauricular area that proved to be a malignant melanoma. Over the next three years she developed metastatic melanoma to multiple sites, including the small bowel.<sup>1</sup> The "bull's-eye" lesion of the gastrointestinal tract has been so named because it appears as a large, centrally located accumulation of barium within an ulceration or a depression in the surface of a nodule. The finding of<i>many</i>"bull's-eye" lesions of<i>varying sizes</i>most likely results from metastatic melanoma; when there is a history of excision of melanoma, the diagnosis is virtually certain. Numerous "bull's-eye" lesions of the same size and limited to one or several segments of the bowel
Accumulation of eosinophils and T-lymphocytes in the lungs after exposure to pinewood dust
Authors: S. Gripenback
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Exposure to wood dust within the woodworking industry has been shown to cause a variety of respiratory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular effects in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood from healthy individuals exposed to pinewood dust. Eleven healthy volunteers were exposed to pinewood dust for 1 h in a whole-body exposure chamber. BAL fluid and blood cells were differentially counted and the expression of activation, adhesion and subset markers on alveolar macrophages and T-lymphocytes was determined 2–6 weeks before and 20 h after the exposure. Following pinewood dust exposure, the total BAL fluid cell concentration increased from 81.4 (64.1–97.5)×10<sup>6</sup> cells·L<sup>−1</sup> (median (interquartile range)) to 195.3 (154.6–341.2)×10<sup>6</sup> cells·L<sup>−1</sup>. The BAL fluid T-lymphocyte concentration increased from 3.8% (3.5–6.5%) to 7.6% (4.9–11.2%), and BAL fluid eosinophil concentration from 0.0% (0.0–0.2%) to 1.8% (0.6–3.5%). Inhalation of pinewood dust leads to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the airways of healthy individuals. The increase in numbers of eosinophils, T-lymphocytes and mast cells, <i>i.e.</i> cells of crucial importance to airway inflammation, in the lungs may be related to the increased risk of developing respiratory disorders among woodworkers.