tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child
Authors: Stuart McIntyre Finch
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Volume 34 of the<i>Psychoanalytic Study of the Child</i>lives up to the excellent reputation built by its predecessors. The title may suggest an esoteric volume on an even more esoteric subject. However, many physicians, even though few have psychoanalyzed a child or adolescent, may wish to know more about this approach to medicine and what its practical application could be. The first section is devoted to the development of blind children, with emphasis on not only the psychological adjustment of the child but also the problems parents may face in relating to a blind infant. There follows a section "Theoretical Contributions," which includes a particularly useful chapter on the analytic theory of cognitive development. Although Piaget has long been considered the primary expert on cognitive development, this chapter adds new and important ideas about conscious and unconscious effects on cognitive development that Piaget did not specifically address. In the
President Kennedy's White House Tan
Authors: Leonard J Hoenig, Walter H C Burgdorf
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Kennedy assassination. Many of us will never forget that Friday, November 22, 1963, when we heard the tragic news that President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) had been shot in Dallas, Texas.

President Kennedy was a charismatic leader, full of wit and humor. He seemed to be the image of youth and vigor, always tanned and seemingly ready to pass a football.
The Town-Gown Syndrome: Pathology
Authors: W. Clarke Wescoe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ONE OF MEDICINE'S most perplexing problems—a problem that has called forth hours of discussion and about which volumes have been written—is a subject well worth further examination. The AMA Council on Medical Education and Hospitals occupies a unique position in relation to this problem. The Council stands in close association with the practice of medicine; it was created by the practitioner, it is elected by the practitioner, it serves as a standing committee for the supervision of educational programs leading to a better practice of medicine. The Council, similarly, stands in close association with medical education; it was created to insure high educational standards, it is actively engaged in the constant appraisal of educational programs, and it is a vehicle for communication with medical educators. Uniquely, on a national level, the Council serves as the continuing liaison between medical practice and medical education, between practitioners and professors. The term "town
If I was forced to cut.
Authors: J Knox, P Horrocks, S R Datta
Journal: BMJ (1980)

who continued treatment with tamoxifen alone did not have a response.We agree that tamoxifen-induced hyper- calcaemia probably is not uncommon, but as yet there is no firm evidence to support the suggestion that induced hypercalcaemia is indicative of a good response to tamoxifen or other additive hormones used in the treatment of breast cancer.
Severe metabolic alkalosis.
Authors: M Fulop
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Twenty patients out of 38 (52 60' ) who had undergone haemodialysis for one to 80 months (mean 28 1 months) were found to have eosinophilia (eosinophils > 400/mm3) in a random examination (December 1980) in the first unit, while 16 out of 31 patients (51 6%) whose dialysis had lasted from three to 68 months (mean 29-7 months) had eosinophilia in the second unit.Thirty patients from the latter unit who had received dialysis for 20-72 months, who had eosinophil counts at least once a month, were included in this study also.Sixteen out of 30 of these (5333%) never developed eosinophilia during the observation period, six (20%) developed constant eosino- philia, and eight (26 7%) developed transient eosinophilia.This study also shows that during the first two years there is a progressive increase in the mean eosinophil count of the patients, which remains almost constant during the following years (figure).No correlation was found with 4.00 300-Mean eosinophil count/mm¾3 SE 200 - n= 18 100 Before 1 2 3 4 dialysis Years on dialysisEosinophil counts in patients undergoing dialysis.
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Regulates Epithelial Cell Response to <i>Aspergillus</i> and Resultant Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: Neelkamal Chaudhary, Kausik Datta, Frederic B. Askin, Janet F. Staab, Kieren A. Marr
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) alter epithelial cell (EC) interactions with multiple microbes, such that dysregulated inflammation and injury occur with airway colonization in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Aspergillus fumigatus frequently colonizes CF airways, but it has been assumed to be an innocent saprophyte; its potential role as a cause of lung disease is controversial.
Taking a bite out of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: soy diet and disease
Authors: C. J. Hatcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Some forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are caused by mutations in cardiac sarcomeric genes, but environmental factors are believed to influence the hypertrophic response. A highly variable but potentially significant environmental factor is diet. Since soy-rich diets have been speculated to confer protection against cardiovascular disease, Stauffer et al. have explored the influence of a soy diet on cardiac growth and function in a transgenic mouse model of HCM. They report that mice fed a soy diet exhibited significantly worse HCM than mice fed a soy-free (milk protein) diet. This study provides the first evidence of an environmental modifier — diet — on the hypertrophic phenotype and has implications for the way in which disease phenotypes are assessed in genetically altered murine models of disease.
Platelet activation during exercise induced asthma: effect of prophylaxis with cromoglycate and salbutamol.
Authors: C E Johnson, P W Belfield, S Davis, N J Cooke, A Spencer, J A Davies
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Peak expiratory flow (PEF) and plasma concentrations of platelet factor 4 and beta thromboglobulin were measured before and after exercise in nine asthmatic patients and 12 non-asthmatic volunteers. Exercise was preceded by administration in random order of either placebo, salbutamol 200 micrograms, or sodium cromoglycate 2 mg from a pressurised inhaler. In control subjects there were minimal changes in PEF and plasma concentrations of platelet factor 4 and beta thromboglobulin. In the asthmatic patients the typical changes in PEF were seen on exercise; plasma concentrations of platelet factor 4 and beta thromboglobulin rose significantly in parallel, the rise preceding the fall in PEF. The changes in peak flow and platelet activation induced by exercise were attenuated by prior administration of salbutamol or cromoglycate. These results indicate that exercise induced asthma is associated with a rise in platelet release products similar to that observed in antigen induced asthma.
Primary prevention of coronary heart disease.
Authors: C Patel
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common of all causes of death in Western Countries. Approximately 40% of the deaths in men aged 45–64 years are attributed to CHD, Although coronary care units and coronary by-pass surgery may have contributed to the quality of life in individual cases, it has generally been recognized that prevention only can reduce the great burden of mortality from coronary heart disease in our countries. Many studies conducted over the last 35 years or so have identified numerous risk factors; amongst them are high blood pressure, raised serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, diabetes, obesity, sedentary life and positive family history. The first three are known as the major risk factors because of the stronger and more consistent association. However, it is difficult to reconcile with the widespread view that reduction in these risk factors will result in the prevention of the disease.
Disopyramide in a case of recurrent ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: T D de Lanerolle, V Edmunds, A H Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In Crohn's disease the mean plasma propranolol levels were significantly raised at all sampling times apart from the first.The area under the curve was also significantly greater than that of the controls (P=0 01-0 001).The values in Crohn's disease showed a much greater spread than those of the controls or the patients with coeliac disease.They fell into two groups: high values and those nearer control values.The high values seemed to relate to a rise in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Except in one patient who had a slightly lowered plasma albumin concentration, no abnormalities in liver function were found.The relevance of these findings to multiple dosing as used clinically is to be investigated.
Carcinoma of the Male Breast
Authors: Ishmael A. Jaiyesimi, Aman U. Buzdar, Aysegul A. Sahin, Merrick A. Ross
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ The natural history and current management of carcinoma of the breast in men is reviewed. Articles published from 1942 to 1992 on the natural history, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of carcinoma of the breast in men were identified using CANCERLINE and MEDLINE. Carcinoma of the breast affects approximately 1000 men per year in the United States; 300 men per year will die of metastatic disease. The mean age at diagnosis is 59 years. The causes of breast cancer in men are unknown. The most common clinical manifestation of breast cancer in men is a painless, firm subareolar mass or a mass in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. Diagnosis can be confirmed by fine-needle aspiration or surgical biopsy. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the predominant histologic type. Treatment is similar to that of women with breast cancer. Men with axillary nodal metastasis should receive adjuvant systemic combination chemotherapy or tamoxifen, or both, after primary surgical treatment. Because most men with carcinoma of the breast have estrogen- and progesterone-receptor-positive tumors, distant metastatic disease should be treated initially with hormonal therapies. The epidemiology, prognostic factors, survival by stage, pattern of metastasis, and response to treatment in men are similar to those in women with breast carcinoma. The data suggest, however, that breast cancers in men are more likely to respond to hormonal manipulation.
The Nedd8-Activating Enzyme Inhibitor MLN4924 Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis to Suppress Liver Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Zhongguang Luo, Guangyang Yu, Hyuk Woo Lee, Lihui Li, Lingyan Wang, Dongqin Yang, Yongfu Pan, Chan Ding, Jing Qian, Lijun Wu, Yiwei Chu, Jing Yi, Xiangdong Wang, Yi Sun, Lak Shin Jeong, Jie Liu, Lijun Jia
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Posttranslational neddylation of cullins in the Cullin-Ring E3 ligase (CRL) complexes is needed for proteolytic degradation of CRL substrates, whose accumulation induces cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence. The Nedd8-activating enzyme (NAE) is critical for neddylation of CRL complexes and their growth-promoting function. Recently, the anticancer small molecule MLN4924 currently in phase I trials was determined to be an inhibitor of NAE that blocks cullin neddylation and inactivates CRL, triggering an accumulation of CRL substrates that trigger cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence in cancer cells. Here, we report that MLN4924 also triggers autophagy in response to CRL inactivation and that this effect is important for the ability of MLN4924 to suppress the outgrowth of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. MLN4924-induced autophagy was attributed partially to inhibition of mTOR activity, due to accumulation of the mTOR inhibitory protein Deptor, as well as to induction of reactive oxygen species stress. Inhibiting autophagy enhanced MLN4924-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy is a survival signal triggered in response to CRL inactivation. In a xenograft model of human liver cancer, MLN4924 was well-tolerated and displayed a significant antitumor effect characterized by CRL inactivation and induction of autophagy and apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Together, our findings support the clinical investigation of MLN4924 for liver cancer treatment and provide a preclinical proof-of-concept for combination therapy with an autophagy inhibitor to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3360–71. ©2012 AACR.
Chemoprophylaxis and Treatment of Malaria
Authors: Donald J. Krogstad, Barbara L. Herwaldt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

The struggle between malaria and man is far from over. The numbers of malaria cases and deaths from the disease each year are enormous — estimated at 200 to 300 million and 2 to 3 million, respectively.1 Malaria has proved difficult to control. Acquired immunity is imperfect, and there is widespread resistance of the anopheline mosquito to insecticides. The parasite has been reported to have varying degrees of resistance to the antimalarial agents chloroquine, pyrimethamine–sulfadoxine (Fansidar), mefloquine, and (in Southeast Asia) quinine. Although Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae remain susceptible to chloroquine, P. falciparum, which poses . . .
Rapid two-stage arterial switch operation. Evaluation of left ventricular systolic mechanics late after an acute pressure overload stimulus in infancy.
Authors: C Boutin, G Wernovsky, S P Sanders, R A Jonas, A R Castaneda, S D Colan
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Banding of the pulmonary artery to induce left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy followed by arterial switch operation (ASO) within 2 weeks has been performed when a primary ASO was considered high risk because of inadequate LV hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Potential adverse myocardial effects of the two-stage procedure were examined by comparing outcome in 18 patients after a rapid two-stage ASO with 33 patients after a primary ASO. Regional wall motion was assessed. Echocardiographic and noninvasive pressure data were combined to obtain LV dimension, wall thickness, mass, fractional shortening, rate-corrected mean velocity of shortening, and end-systolic wall stress. Afterload-adjusted velocity of shortening was obtained as a load-independent index of contractility. In the two-stage ASO group, the magnitude and rate of hypertrophy after pulmonary artery banding were measured serially. No wall motion abnormalities were seen in either group. Systolic dysfunction due to higher afterload and lower contractility was observed in the two-stage ASO group. Contractility below the limits of normal was seen in 25% of two-stage ASO compared with 3% of primary ASO; however, symptomatic or progressive LV dysfunction was not observed. There was a significant inverse relation between the peak rate of hypertrophy immediately after banding and contractility at late exam. Lower ejection fraction before and early after pulmonary artery banding correlated with depressed contractility on late examination. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial contractility is lower after the two-stage ASO than after a primary repair. Severe or progressive dysfunction was not seen. A very high peak rate of hypertrophy and severe LV dysfunction after banding predict a greater reduction in late contractility.
Effect of Supplemental Nocturnal Oxygen on Gas Exchange in Patients with Severe Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: Roger S. Goldstein, Vivekanand Ramcharan, Glenn Bowes, Walter T. McNicholas, Douglas Bradley, Eliot A. Phillipson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We studied the effect of supplemental nocturnal oxygen on blood gases in 15 patients with severe but stable chronic obstructive lung disease (ratio of forced expired volume in one second to forced vital capacity, 37.2 +/- 1.8 [mean +/- S.E.] per cent of predicted; arterial oxygen tension, 50.7 +/- 1.4 mm Hg; and arterial carbon dioxide tension [PCO2], 53.1 +/- 1.5 mm Hg). Sleep variables and measures of gas exchange were determined on two consecutive nights; on the first night the subjects breathed supplemental oxygen, and on the second they breathed room air. Transcutaneous PCO2 was measured with an infrared sensor, and arterial oxygen saturation with an ear oximeter. Breathing of supplemental oxygen sufficient to keep oxygen saturation at or above 90 per cent was associated with only small increases (less than 6 mm Hg) in PCO2 throughout sleep, as compared with values while subjects were breathing room air. The increase in PCO2 occurred early in the night and was not progressive. Only three patients, who were found to have obstructive sleep apnea in addition to obstructive lung disease, had larger increases in PCO2 during sleep and reported morning headaches. We conclude that nocturnal oxygen does not induce clinically important increases in PCO2 during sleep in patients with stable obstructive lung disease and therefore can safely be used to prevent the dangerous consequences of hypoxia.
Fatal Overdose of Propoxyphene Napsylate and Aspirin
Authors: Robert D. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1974)

RECENTLY, propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon) poisoning has occurred with increasing frequency. To our knowledge, there are no reports of fatal poisoning with propoxyphene napsylate compounded with aspirin (Darvon-N with ASA). This communication compares clinical, autopsy, and toxicologic findings of propoxyphene napsylate poisoning with those of propoxyphene hydrochloride. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 19-year-old white male student, previously treated for depression, was admitted to the University of Missouri Medical Center on Feb 21, 1973. He was comatose, tachypneic, and febrile, but had tendon reflexes and minimal sensation. Two hours earlier, he had told a friend that he had taken "pills," and he then became somnolent. An empty bottle was found in his room, previously containing ninety-four tablets of 100 mg of propoxyphene napsylate compounded with 325 mg of aspirin. Minutes after admission, he had a tonicclonic seizure, followed by apnea. Electrocardiography showed idioventricular rhythm. After resuscitation, sinus rhythm returned, but tendon reflexes
Long-term recovery from tetanus: a study of 50 survivors.
Authors: M W Flowers, R S Edmondson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A follow-up study of 50 patients treated in the tetanus unit of the General Infirmary at Leeds from 1961 to 1977 showed that 29 patients had regained normal health, nine were still improving, but 12 considered that their health had been permanently impaired. In only two of these 12, however, was the deterioration serious and unequivocally linked to their illness and treatment. All but five of those previously working had returned to full employment. Sixteen patients had unpleasant memories of the illness and treatment, 19 had psychological after effects, and one suffered serious damage to mental function. Little evidence was found of pulmonary dysfunction after the disease and its treatment, and although all the patients showed a tracheal stricture of some degree, few had directly associated disabilities. The cause of stricture is multifactorial, the surgical technique being only one. A formal surgical closure of the trachea (if a flap has been used) and of the tissue of the neck in layers should lessen residual disability from the scar and strictured areas.
Enteric defensins are essential regulators of intestinal microbial ecology
Authors: Nita H Salzman, Kuiechun Hung, Dipica Haribhai, Hiutung Chu, Jenny Karlsson-Sjöberg, Elad Amir, Paul Teggatz, Melissa Barman, Michael Hayward, Daniel Eastwood, Maaike Stoel, Yanjiao Zhou, Erica Sodergren, George M Weinstock, Charles L Bevins, Calvin B Williams, Nicolaas A Bos
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Positive<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Stool Assay in a Patient with Fatal<i>C. sordellii</i>Infection
Authors: Sameer Elsayed, Kunyan Zhang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: A 61-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and nonbloody diarrhea. A stool assay for Clostridium difficile was positive (C. difficile Tox A/B II, Tech Labor...
Electrophysiological properties of mouse bone marrow c-kit cells co-cultured onto neonatal cardiac myocytes
Authors: L LAGOSTENA, D AVITABILE, E DEFALCO, A ORLANDI, F GRASSI, M IACHININOTO, G RAGONE, S FUCILE, G POMPILIO, F EUSEBI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Controversy about hematopoietic stem cells reprogramming into cardiac myocytes is currently supported by positive and negative findings. In fact, some reports have shown the ability of stem cells from the bone marrow (BM) to differentiate into cardiac myocytes and to contribute to myocardium repair, while others have reported the opposite.C-kit(+) cells from mouse bone marrow were co-cultured onto neonatal cardiac myocytes. Hematopoietic stem cell-derived cells were analyzed by investigating the expression of cardiac markers and ion channels and by single-cell electrophysiological recordings.Groups of undifferentiated c-kit(+) cells displayed only outward currents. Co-cultured c-kit(+) stem cells on neonatal cardiac myocytes expressed cardiac markers and Na(+) and Ca(2+) voltage-gated ion channels. However, Na(+) and Ca(2+) currents were not detected by electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings even if caffeine and cyclopiazonic acid treatment showed the presence of intracellular calcium stores. This suggests that these channels, although expressed, were not functional and thus do not allow the coupling between excitation and contraction that is typical of cardiac myocytes. Nevertheless, co-cultured cells had a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential and, at least in a subset of cells, displayed voltage-gated inward rectifier currents and outward currents. Co-cultured c-kit(+)-derived cells were not connected to surrounding cardiac myocytes through gap junctions. To induce a more pronounced differentiation, co-cultured cells were treated with BMP-4 and TGF-beta, two factors that were shown to trigger a cardiac myocyte differentiation pathway in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Even under these conditions, c-kit(+) cells did not differentiate into functionally active cardiac myocytes. However, TGF-beta/BMP-4-treated cells were hyperpolarized and showed and increased inward rectifier current density.Our study shows that mouse BM hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a limited plasticity to transdifferentiate into cardiac myocytes in culture.
Alcohol producers fight minimum price plans
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The drinks industry is mounting legal challenges in Europe and Scotland against a law passed by the Scottish parliament to introduce a minimum price for alcohol.

With the Home Office in England due to consult shortly on a similar measure, there is concern among producers about what is happening in the UK and the potential threat to alcohol sales.

Wine producers in Bulgaria have convinced their government to raise a formal objection to the Scottish move with the European Commission amid worries over the impact of price rises on their exports to the UK. 

Meanwhile, the European Spirits Organisation, …