tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of low dose versus conventional dose thiazide diuretic on insulin action in essential hypertension
Authors: R Harper, C N Ennis, B Sheridan, A B Atkinson, G D Johnston, P M Bell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<b>Objective</b>: To see whether low dose thiazide diuretics given to patients with essential hypertension might avoid the adverse metabolic consequences seen with conventional doses. <b>Design</b>: Double blind randomised crossover study of two 12 week treatment periods with either low dose (1.25 mg) or conventional dose (5.0 mg) bendrofluazide given after a six week placebo run in period. <b>Setting</b>: Outpatient clinics serving the greater Belfast area. <b>Subjects</b>: 16 white non-diabetic patients (9 male) under 65 with essential hypertension recruited from general practices within the greater Belfast area. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and peripheral and hepatic insulin action. <b>Results</b>: One man failed to complete the study. There were no differences between doses in their effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Bendrofluazide 1.25 mg had substantially less effect20on serum potassium concentration than the 5.0 mg dose. There were no intertreatment differences in fasting glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. Bendrofluazide 5.0 mg significantly increased postabsorptive endogenous glucose production compared with baseline (mean 10.9 (SD 1.2) v 10.0 (0.8) μmol/kg/min), whereas bendrofluazide 1.25 mg did not. Postabsorptive endogenous glucose20production was significantly higher with bendrofluazide 5.0 mg compared with 1.25 mg (10.9 (1.2) v 9.9 (0.8) μmol/kg/min) but was suppressed to a similar extent after insulin (bendrofluazide 5.0 mg202.8 (1.5) μmol/kg/min v bendrofluazide 1.25 mg 2.2 (1.5) μmol/kg/min). Exogenous glucose infusion rates required to maintain euglycaemia were not significantly different between doses and were20similar to baseline. <b>Conclusions</b>: Bendrofluazide 1.25 mg is as effective as conventional doses but has less adverse metabolic effect. In contrast with conventional doses, how dose bendrofluazide has no effect on hepatic insulin action. There is no difference between low and conventional doses of bendrofluazide in their effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity.
The serum digoxin test and digoxin toxicity: a Bayesian approach to decision making.
Authors: S A Eraker, L Sasse
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The clinician may often be uncertain about the presence of digoxin toxicity. This uncertainty is particularly important when the clinician must make initial therapeutic decisions about continuing or discontinuing digoxin. We describe a method that helps to clarify the role of the serum digoxin test in decreasing the uncertainty surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of toxicity. The relation between the test and toxicity was first determined in our patient population. An approach to the interpretation of the test based on the likelihood ratio was then developed by combining our data with selected data from the literature. The relation between the pretest risk of toxicity (the estimated risk of toxicity in the population under investigation before the test result is known) and the predictive value of the test was established. This relation was also used to analyze the importance of the degree of elevation of the test. The appropriate threshold probability for institution of treatment of toxicity was then determined by an interview technique. The test was able to make the patient's probability of toxicity cross the threshold probability for treatment of toxicity for an intermediate range of pretest risk. Our analysis suggests that the serum digoxin test may have a critical effect on therapeutic decisions and can be best considered as contributing to the spectrum of risk.
EFFECTS OF C34T GENOTYPE ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RECEIVING CLOPIDOGREL
Authors: Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Stamatios Kioufis, Marina Zaromitidou, Evangelos Oikonomou, Konstantinos Maniatis, Eleni Kokkou, Antigoni Miliou, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Panagiotis Tourikis, konstantinos zisimos, Savvas Mazaris, Theodosia Konsola, Manolis Vavuranakis, Christodoulos I Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Validation of the classification of ARIA (allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma)
Authors: P. Demoly, F.‐A. Allaert, M. Lecasble, J. Bousquet
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Allergic rhinitis is commonly divided into seasonal and perennial rhinitis. The recent Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) workshop proposes to replace these terms by intermittent vs persistent rhinitis. Methods: In order to test the new ARIA classification against the classical one used in medical practice in France, we designed two cross‐sectional surveys: (i) a spring survey, where 1321 general practitioners enrolled 3026 patients consulting for seasonal allergic rhinitis and (ii) an autumn–winter survey, where 1346 doctors enrolled 3507 patients for perennial allergic rhinitis. Both doctors and patients filled out a specific questionnaire on allergic rhinitis. Results: Focusing on the number of days per week and consecutive weeks per year, the patients described the duration of their symptoms (based on an auto‐questionnaire). About 43.7% of the patients, classified by their doctor as seasonal, did in fact have persistent rhinitis, whereas 44.6% classified as perennial had intermittent rhinitis. Conclusions: The proposal of the ARIA expert panel defining the chronology of allergic rhinitis as number of days per week and consecutive weeks per year is likely to change daily physician practice.
Chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: M Michael, J R Zalcberg
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers p 531 

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer in industrialised countries. Despite intensive investigations over the past decade, there has been no improvement in the long term prognosis of most patients with advanced disease. These patients have an estimated five year survival rate of 5% (excluding the comparatively small number of patients who have disease limited to the liver, which is suitable for surgical resection or ablative techniques).1 Outcomes depend on a variety of factors, such as physical functioning and the tumour burden. Until recently, the role of chemotherapy as palliative treatment in advanced colorectal cancer has been questioned. However, the report from the Colorectal Cancer Collaborative Group in this week's journal (p 531) essentially confirms the role of chemotherapy in improving both the survival and the quality of life of patients with advanced colorectal cancer.2

The group's report looks at the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials that compared chemotherapy with best supportive care in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The analysis was based on data from individual patients, and if these were not available published summary statistics were used.2 The main end points were survival, disease progression, quality of life, drug toxicity, …
Early Osmotic History of the Plasma Membrane
Authors: MERKEL H. JACOBS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The following topics, among others, are conisidered: Pfeffer's hypothesis of an invisible plasma membrane, to account for similarities in the osmotic behavior of plant cells and artificial osmometers; early doubts as to the reality of Pfeffer's membrane; denial by colloid chemists of the existence of plasma membranes because of the supposed failure of cells to obey osmotic laws; demonstrations of thin, external cell membranes by electrical and micromanipulative methods; use of the plasma membrane in the mathematical treatment of cell permeability; the nature of so-called "perfect osmometers"; the erythrocyte as an osmometer; hemolytic evidence of the existence of an erythrocyte membrane.
Ureteric obstruction by retroperitoneal lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Authors: Yoshinobu Maeda, Yuichiro Nawa, Kazushi Tanimoto, Koichi Oshima, Masamichi Hara
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

To the Editor: Angiotropic lymphoma is an intravascular large cell lymphoma [1].Although fever is a common manifestation of this disease, it is extremely rare for it to be initially seen as fever of unknown origin (FUO) [2].A 67-year-old white woman was admitted with a 3-week history of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.She was not aware of fever before her admission and denied weight loss or cutaneous lesions.Her physical examination was notable only for a pulse of 107/min and dry mucous membranes.There were no cutaneous lesions, lymphadenopathy, or organomegaly.Initial laboratory investigations revealed a hemoglobin of 7.1 g/dL, hematocrit of 20.8%, platelet count of 368,000/L, and a white blood cell count of 6,800/L (differential WBC: 70% neutrophils, 13% lymphocytes, and 15% monocytes).While the patient was hospitalized, repeated episodes of fever up to 103°F were noted.An extensive workup for FUO, including repeated blood and urine cultures, chest x-ray, duplex scan of the lower extremities, and computed tomography scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, was unrevealing.During the third week of hospitalization, a serum immunofixation study revealed the presence of a low-level IgG kappa monoclonal protein.Because of this finding, a punch biopsy of clinically normal abdominal skin and subcutaneous tissue was obtained to look for amyloidosis.The biopsy specimen revealed neoplastic cells filling the lumens of multiple small blood vessels in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.Immunoperoxidase stains using antibodies to CD3, CD20, and CD79a revealed the cells to be CD20+, large neoplastic B cells indicative of angiotropic lymphoma (Fig. 1).Shortly after the skin biopsy was performed, the patient's condition worsened, and she died.
Thermo-responsive swelling and drug release switching of interpenetrating polymer networks composed of poly(acrylamide-co-butyl methacrylate) and poly (acrylic acid)
Authors: Hiroki Katono, Atsushi Maruyama, Kohei Sanui, Naoya Ogata, Teruo Okano, Yasuhisa Sakurai
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1991)
Phenotypic characterization of T cells infiltrating the conjunctiva in chronic allergic eye disease
Authors: Daniela P. Metz, Annette S. Bacon, Stephen Holgate, Susan L. Lightman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)

Chronic allergic conjunctivitis comprises a spectrum of diseases including atopic keratoconjunctivitis, atopic blepharoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and contact lens-associated giant pupillary conjunctivitis. Each condition is characterized by a complex immunopathology with a mixed cellular infiltrate. Treatment with conventional mast cell stabilizers is often unsatisfactory, and therapy depends heavily on topical corticosteroids.Recent evidence suggests that T lymphocytes play an important role in mediating the immunopathology seen in the chronic allergic response in the skin and the lungs.We have therefore investigated the prevalence of T cells and their subsets in the different chronic allergic eye conditions by means of immunohistochemistry.We found significantly increased numbers of CD4+, CD45RO+, and HLA-DR+ T cells in the conjunctiva of patients with atopic and vernal keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis, with a corresponding upregulation of markers present on antigen presenting cells.These findings suggest that like allergic conditions in the skin and lungs, CD4+ memory T cells are involved in the regulation of the immunopathology of chronic allergic eye responses. Further characterization of these T cells will provide the information necessary for future immunotherapeutic interventions.
Uncommon Etiology of Abnormal Spikes on Electrocardiogram
Authors: Sebastian Reif, Maximilian Tiller, Ellen Hoffmann
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
BLOOD PRESSURE IN OPERATIVE SURGERY AND GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: RAYMOND C. COBURN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

All patients operated on at the Woman's Hospital have the blood pressure taken and recorded at least three times: (1) when the physical examination is made soon after admission; (2) just prior to the administration of the anesthetic, and (3) at the completion of the operation. If it is a critical case, the blood pressure is taken at frequent intervals during the operation, and at corresponding intervals in the postoperative period. If at the first examination the blood pressure is markedly abnormal, it is taken repeatedly during the study of the case, and the lowest pressure observed during this study is considered normal for that patient unless there are attenuating circumstances. It often takes several observations to approximate the normal level, but unless this is done the blood pressure figures may be grossly misleading. This is especially true when the patient comes to the hospital one day and is operated
The promise of stem cells in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chunmei Yue, Naihe Jing
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disorder associated with gradually to dramatic neuronal death, synaptic loss and dementia, is considered to be one of the most obscure and intractable brain disorders in medicine. Currently, there is no therapy clinically available to induce marked symptomatic relief in AD patients. In recent years, the proof-of-concept studies using stem cell-based approaches in transgenic AD animal models provide new hope to develop stem cell-based therapies for the effective treatment of AD. The degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) and the resultant cholinergic abnormalities in the brain contribute substantially to the cognitive decline of AD patients. The approches using stem cell-derived BFCNs as donor cells need to be developed, and to provide proof of principle that this subtype-specific neurons can induce functional recovery of AD animal models. With the continuous scientific advances in both academic and industrial fields, the potentials of stem cells in cellular neuroprotection and cell replacement in vivo have been elucidated, and stem cell-based therapy for repairing degenerative brains of AD is promising.
Cell surface heparan sulfate and its roles in assisting viral infections
Authors: Jian Liu, Suzanne C. Thorp
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

Abstract Heparan sulfate, a highly sulfated polysaccharide, is present on the surface of mammalian cells and in the extracellular matrix in large quantities. The sulfated monosaccharide sequences within heparan sulfate determine the protein binding specificity and regulate biological functions. Numerous viruses and parasites utilize cell surface heparan sulfate as receptors to infect target cells. Due to the structural complexity of heparan sulfate, it was considered a nonspecific cell surface receptor by interacting with the positive motifs of viral proteins. However, recent studies reveal that heparan sulfate plays multiple roles in assisting viral infection, and the activities in promoting viral infections require unique monosaccharide sequences, suggesting that heparan sulfate could serve as a specific receptor for viral infection. The currently available techniques for the structural analysis of heparan sulfate provide essential information about the specific roles of heparan sulfate in assisting viral infections. The knowledge accumulated in this fast growing field will permit us to have a better understanding of the mechanism of viral infection and will lead to the development of new antiviral agents. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 1, 1–25, 2002
Dietary Energy Density Predicts the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jing Wang, Robert Luben, Kay-Tee Khaw, Sheila Bingham, Nicholas J. Wareham, Nita G. Forouhi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Accumulating evidence suggests that energy-dense foods predispose to obesity and that such foods may also be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but there is limited evidence. Our aim was to investigate whether there is an independent association between dietary energy density and incidence of diabetes.The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk Cohort Study was a population-based prospective study of individuals aged 40-79 years at baseline. We calculated energy density for overall diet (all solids and drinks) using food frequency questionnaires. During 12 years of follow-up, we documented 725 new-onset cases of diabetes among 21,919 participants without diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at baseline.Baseline energy density (adjusted for age, sex, and baseline BMI) was higher in those who developed type 2 diabetes (mean 3.08 kJ/g [95% CI 3.03-3.13]) than in those who remained nondiabetic (3.01 kJ/g [3.00-3.02]) (P = 0.012). Energy density was positively associated with incident diabetes (odds ratio 1.21 per unit increase [95% CI 1.06-1.38]) adjusted for known risk factors. There was a 60% higher risk of diabetes (1.60 [1.19-2.16]) in the highest quintile of energy density (range 3.55-7.97 kJ/g) compared with the lowest quintile (1.04-2.43 kJ/g) in adjusted analysis.This is the first large population-based prospective study to report that an energy-dense diet may be associated with increased risk of development of diabetes, independent of baseline obesity. The potential public health impact of a low-energy-dense diet on reducing the risk of diabetes deserves further study.
Athletes risk their lives by routine use of performance enhancing drugs, says BMA
Authors: M. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The use of performance enhancing drugs is so deeply entrenched in all levels of sport that one in three GPs is likely to encounter a patient who uses anabolic steroids, claims a report published this week by the BMA.

The report states that drugs are commonly used not only by elite athletes but also at recreational level throughout British gyms. For some athletes the motivation to take drugs is media pressure to win or huge financial rewards. For others it is simply to improve their body image. Some athletes have said they would …
Update on Medical Overuse
Authors: Daniel J. Morgan, Scott M. Wright, Sanket Dhruva
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Overuse of medical care, consisting primarily of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, is a common clinical problem.To identify and highlight the most significant clinical articles published in 2013 related to medical overuse.A systematic review of English-language articles published in 2013 that related to medical overuse in adults.We reviewed 478 published articles that met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 126 were ranked most relevant based on quality of methodology, strength of results, potential effects on patient care, and the number of patients potentially affected. The 10 most relevant articles were selected using the same criteria. These 10 articles (organized into the categories overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and methods to avoid overuse) were reviewed and interpreted for their effect on clinical medicine.The literature on overuse of medical care is rapidly expanding. In 2013, both clinical trials and observational studies highlighted frequently overused or unnecessary care. Overuse of testing causes false-positive results and overdiagnosis. Negative test results do not appear to genuinely reassure patients. Overtreatment, with both medical therapies and procedural interventions, places patients at risk of unnecessary adverse events.
The DNA60IFX contest
Authors: Michael C Schatz, James Taylor, Sven-Eric Schelhorn
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

We present the full story of Genome Biology's recent DNA60IFX contest, as told by the curators and winner of what turned out to be a memorable and hotly contested bioinformatics challenge. Full solutions, including scripts, are available at http://genomebiology.com/about/update/DNA60_ANSWERS
Identification of allergens of vaccine components that induced immediate-type allergic reactions after vaccination in dogs
Authors: M. Sakaguchi, K. Ohmori, S. Maeda, K. Masuda, K. Ohno, Y. Kaburagi, K. Kurata, D.J. DeBoer, H. Tsujimoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

RATIONALE: Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after vaccination in dogs have been reported in the USA, Europe and Japan.The purpose of this study was to identify the allergen(s) in vaccines that caused immediate-type allergic reactions after vaccination in dogs.METHODS: Sera from 10 dogs that developed allergic reactions within 1 hour after vaccination and sera from 50 dogs without such reactions were collected.These vaccines were manufactured in the USA, Europe, and Japan.Specific IgE levels were measured by ELISA, and immunoblotting with anti-dog IgE was performed for vaccine components.In addition, bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the vaccines was assayed by sandwich ELISA.RESULTS: Specific IgE levels to the vaccines in dogs with allergic reactions (mean ± SD: 993 ± 1180 fluorescence unit [FU]) were significantly higher than those in control dogs (92.4 ± 43.3 FU) (P<0.001).Of 8 dogs that showed the reactions and also had specific IgE to the vaccines, 7 had specific IgE to fetal calf serum (FCS) and 1 had specific IgE to gelatin and casein included as stabilizers in the vaccine.In the immunoblotting, pooled sera from the dogs with allergic reactions reacted to a 67-kDa band corresponding to BSA.Furthermore, large amounts of BSA (62 to 3678 microgram/dose) were detected in the vaccines.BSA in the vaccines might be derived from FCS in culture media which vaccine viruses require to grow.CONCLUSIONS: In dogs, most immediate allergic reactions after vaccination may be caused by FCS presented in the vaccines.BSA could be one of the allergenic components in FCS.