tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to the Letter to the Editor from Oudejans et al
Authors: Kung-Chao Chang, Dan Jones
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

In Response:We appreciate the comments in the letter by Oudejans et al. about whether the presence of CTLs is a favorable or unfavorable factor for prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1, 2). Whereas the studies by their group (2, 3) and others (4) find that a high percentage of CTLs are associated with poor outcome, there are also other studies besides our own showing that high numbers of CD8+ T cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma may be associated instead with superior survival (5, 6). The tissue site distribution of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in each study is likely one explanation of the different results. For example, 46% of cases in our study were extranodal, and there was a trend toward different patterns of T-cell distribution (and tumor prognosis) in those cases compared with the nodal tumors.However, we agree that the study methodologies can also affect the result, including particular immunostaining protocols, antibodies used, method of quantitation, and selection of analyzed areas. In our study, we counted the absolute granzyme B+ cells in areas of most dense intratumoral infiltration, expressed as cell number per high-power field. In contrast, Oudejans' group randomly selected tumor areas using an automatic scanning stage and expressed the granzyme B+ cells as the percentage of granzyme B+ cells divided by the total CD3+ cells. These different methods can yield different results even in the same study. For example, in the article by Riemersma et al. (3), the absolute number of granzyme B+ cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system/brain was lower than that in skin and nodal tumors, but the percentage of CTLs (number of granzyme B+ cells / number of CD3+ cells) showed the reverse result.We would also emphasize that the interaction between the immune system and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is complex, with differential T-cell and dendritic cell responses. In our study, we hypothesized that the cooperative action of infiltrating dendritic cells and CTLs in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma may contribute to a favorable prognosis by boosting dendritic cell–associated T-cell immunity. Whether this immunotherapy strategy can be used to boost responses in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma remains to be determined empirically. In view of the current progress, however, it may be clinically feasible in the near future (7).
Randomized Phase II Study of Two Different Schedules of Gemcitabine and Oral S-1 in Chemo-naïve Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Miyako Satouchi, Yoshikazu Kotani, Nobuyuki Katakami, Temiko Shimada, Yoshiko Urata, Sho Yoshimura, Yasuhiro Funada, Akito Hata, Masahiko Ando, Shunichi Negoro
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
GPs should have greater role in commissioning hospital services
Authors: Debashis Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The British government should encourage GPs to take responsibility for commissioning hospital services on behalf of their patients, says the King's Fund charity.

The report, published this week, examined the implications of implementing a strategy whereby GPs and other primary care staff are given greater scope to shape services in their locality—a policy known as practice led commissioning.

This policy would harness the talents of clinicians in managing and planning health services, something that has not happened in primary care trusts, where there are only small groups of doctors …
Atrazine-Induced Aromatase Expression Is SF-1 Dependent: Implications for Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife and Reproductive Cancers in Humans
Authors: WuQiang Fan, Toshihiko Yanase, Hidetaka Morinaga, Shigeki Gondo, Taijiro Okabe, Masatoshi Nomura, Tomoko Komatsu, Ken-Ichirou Morohashi, Tyrone B. Hayes, Ryoichi Takayanagi, Hajime Nawata
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor that increases aromatase expression in some human cancer cell lines. The mechanism involves the inhibition of phosphodiesterase and subsequent elevation of cAMP.
Safety of chloroquine in chemosuppression of malaria during pregnancy.
Authors: M S Wolfe, J F Cordero
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A cohort of 169 births to women who were exposed throughout pregnancy to chloroquine 300 mg base once a week for chemosuppression of malaria was studied. The birth defects in this cohort were compared with those in a control group of 454 births to women who were not exposed to chloroquine, most of whom lived in non-malarious areas. The proportion of birth defects in the exposed group was not significantly different from that in the control group. This observation must be considered within the limitations of the study, which could detect only a strong teratogenic effect. It could not exclude risks lower than a 5.7-fold increase in the incidence of birth defects when chloroquine was used. Women using chloroquine during pregnancy for chemosuppression of malaria can be reassured that it is not a strong teratogen, but if it is to be used the risk of developing malaria should be balanced against the lack of data to determine whether it carries a low teratogenic risk.
Abstract 4677: Niclosamide analogs for treatment of ovarian cancer
Authors: Christen L. Walters Haygood, Rebecca C. Arend, Pui-Kai Li, Yonghe Li, Chandrika Kurpad, Abhishek Gangrade, John M. Straughn, Donald Buchsbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: Niclosamide has shown promising activity against ovarian cancer in vitro;, however, it has low bioavailability in vivo. Thus, we investigated the cytotoxicity of niclosamide analogs in combination with carboplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines and against ovarian cancer patient ascites cells. Methods: Tumorspheres were isolated from ascites collected from 8 patients undergoing ovarian cancer surgery at UAB. Tumorspheres were plated at 10,000 cells per 50 µL into low attachment plates. Eight patient samples were treated concurrently with niclosamide analog 11 (0.1 µM - 5 µM) and carboplatin (5 - 150 μM), while four 4 patient samples were treated with analog 32 (0.1 µM - 5 µM) and carboplatin (5 - 100 μM). After 48 hours, cells were analyzed for viability using the ATPlite assay. Analogs 11 and 32 were also assayed in combination with carboplatin against ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780, A2780.cp20, SKOV3ip2, and SKOV3ip2.TR. Results: IC50 values for analog 11 ranged from 0.5 - 1 μM in the 8 patient ascites samples. With 150 μM carboplatin alone, patient samples had 40-80% cytotoxicity. In combination with analog 11 at 1 μM, 100% of cells were killed with 100 μM carboplatin in the 8 patient ascites samples. In the established ovarian cancer cell lines, cytotoxicity approached 100% at a dose of 3 - 5 μM of analog 11. In the 4 patient samples treated with analog 32, IC50 values ranged from 0.4 μM - 3 μM. With 100 μM carboplatin alone, patient samples had 40-80% cytotoxicity. In combination with 100 μM carboplatin, nearly 100% of cells were killed at a dose of 1 μM of analog 32. In the cell lines, IC50 values for analog 32 ranged from 0.9 - 2.5 μM. With combination treatment, there was increased cytotoxicity in the chemoresistant cells, A2780.cp20 and SKOV3ip2, compared to carboplatin alone. Conclusion: These niclosamide analogs produced cytotoxicity both alone and in combination with carboplatin against ovarian cancer cells and tumorspheres from patient ascites. Future studies will evaluate the PK/PD of the analogs. Citation Format: Christen L. Walters Haygood, Rebecca C. Arend, Pui-Kai Li, Yonghe Li, Chandrika Kurpad, Abhishek Gangrade, John M. Straughn, Donald Buchsbaum. Niclosamide analogs for treatment of ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4677. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4677
Post-transplantation nephrosis in congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type
Authors: Jarmo Laine, Hannu Jalanko, Harry Holthöfer, Leena Krogerus, Juhani Rapola, Eeva von Willebrand, Irmeli Lautenschlager, Kaija Salmela, Christer Holmberg
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
1227 AN ANALYSIS OF RESPONSE RATES BY FIBROSIS STAGE IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH FALDAPREVIR, BI 207127 AND RIBAVIRIN IN THE SOUND-C2 STUDY
Authors: S. Zeuzem, V. Soriano, T. Asselah, J.-P. Bronowicki, A.W. Lohse, B. Müllhaupt, M. Schuchmann, M. Bourliere, M. Buti, S. Roberts, E. Gane, J.O. Stern, F. Voss, P. Baum, J.-P. Gallivan, W.O. Böcher, F.J. Mensa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
SMAD4-deficient intestinal tumors recruit CCR1+ myeloid cells that promote invasion
Authors: Takanori Kitamura, Kohei Kometani, Hiroki Hashida, Akihiro Matsunaga, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Hisahiro Hosogi, Masahiro Aoki, Masanobu Oshima, Masakazu Hattori, Arimichi Takabayashi, Nagahiro Minato, Makoto M Taketo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Increased 9,13-di-cis-retinoic acid in rat hepatic fibrosis: implication for a potential link between retinoid loss and TGF-β mediated fibrogenesis in vivo
Authors: Masataka Okuno, Takashi Sato, Takuya Kitamoto, Shoko Imai, Norifumi Kawada, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Hiroyuki Yoshimura, Hisataka Moriwaki, Kaori Onuki, Shoichi Masushige, Yasutoshi Muto, Scott L Friedman, Shigeaki Kato, Soichi Kojima
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Cesarean Section Rates in the United States
Authors: Norbert Gleicher
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The magnitude of cesarean section rates in the United States has been of increasing public concern. A consensus development conference in 1980 formulated recommendations that were expected to lead to a decrease in national cesarean section rates. A review of cesarean section patterns for the last five years in many representative states revealed, contrary to expectations, a continuing increase in cesarean section delivery rates even after the conference. A review of underlying causes for these developments suggests that only a more efficient peer review process, involving individual physicians as well as institutions, will lead to a decline of unacceptably high cesarean section rates in this country.
Who Will Examine the Examiners?
Authors: Mortimer Ostow
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Family Practitioners' Knowledge About Treatment of Depressive Illness" by Richard Ketai (235:2600, 1976) illustrates the potential hazards of both peer review and recertification procedures. Dr Ketai tested the knowledge of family practitioners with respect to the treatment of depressive illness and compared it with answers that he obtained from 17 psychiatrists affiliated with the University of Michigan Medical School. He assumed that the answers given by the latter were correct. In my opinion, several of the answers given by the psychiatrists are incorrect and, if used in a peer review or recertification procedure, might unfairly penalize psychiatrists who are better informed. Unfortunately, much of the misinformation has crept into the literature from extensive surveys of large numbers of patients, none of whom was watched closely. These errors have then been repeated and incorporated into official psychiatric wisdom. To take the most egregious error first,
Towards good practice for health statistics: lessons from the Millennium Development Goal health indicators
Authors: Christopher JL Murray
Journal: The Lancet (2007)

Health statistics are at the centre of an increasing number of worldwide health controversies. Several factors are sharpening the tension between the supply and demand for high quality health information, and the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a high-profile example. With thousands of indicators recommended but few measured well, the worldwide health community needs to focus its efforts on improving measurement of a small set of priority areas. Priority indicators should be selected on the basis of public-health significance and several dimensions of measurability. Health statistics can be divided into three types: crude, corrected, and predicted. Health statistics are necessary inputs to planning and strategic decision making, programme implementation, monitoring progress towards targets, and assessment of what works and what does not. Crude statistics that are biased have no role in any of these steps; corrected statistics are preferred. For strategic decision making, when corrected statistics are unavailable, predicted statistics can play an important part. For monitoring progress towards agreed targets and assessment of what works and what does not, however, predicted statistics should not be used. Perhaps the most effective method to decrease controversy over health statistics and to encourage better primary data collection and the development of better analytical methods is a strong commitment to provision of an explicit data audit trail. This initiative would make available the primary data, all post-data collection adjustments, models including covariates used for farcasting and forecasting, and necessary documentation to the public.
INSTILLATION OF PURE CARBOLIC ACID INTO THE EYE.
Authors: J. C. CARTER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Miss L. W. called at my office April 11, in the forenoon, stating to me that she had got something in her right eye the evening before and that it was causing her much pain. <h3>Examination.</h3> —I found a very small cinder located on the superior quadrant of the cornea on the temporal side. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —After using a few drops of a 2 per cent. solution of cocain I removed the cinder very gently with a dull spud, and then flushed the eye with warm boric solution. <h3>Further History.</h3> —About 6 p. m. of the same day I met her on the street and she told me that her eye was paining her considerably, and on inspection I found it very red and inflamed. I prescribed: M. Sig.: Instil four or five drops into the eye every three hours. She used the medicine that evening and next morning. At
HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hepatitis C virus. Identification of multiple epitopes and characterization of patterns of cytokine release.
Authors: M J Koziel, D Dudley, N Afdhal, A Grakoui, C M Rice, Q L Choo, M Houghton, B D Walker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are important to the control of viral replication and their presence may be important to disease outcome. An understanding of the spectrum of proteins recognized by hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CTL and the functional properties of these cells is an important step in understanding the disease process and the mechanisms of persistent infection, which occurs in the majority of HCV-infected individuals. In this report we identify HCV-specific CTL responses restricted by the HLA class I molecules A2, A3, A11, A23, B7, B8, and B53. The epitopes recognized by these intrahepatic CTL conform to published motifs for binding to HLA class I molecules, although in some cases we have identified CTL epitopes for which no published motif exists. The use of vectors expressing two different strains of HCV, HCV-1 and HCV-H, revealed both strain-specific and cross-reactive CTL. These HCV-specific CTL were shown to produce cytokines including IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, IL-8, and IL-10 in an antigen- and HLA class I-specific manner. These studies indicate that the CTL response to HCV is broadly directed and that as many as five different epitopes may be targeted in a single individual. The identification of minimal epitopes may facilitate peptide-specific immunization strategies. In addition, the release of proinflammatory cytokines by these cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of HCV-induced liver damage.
Inhibition of Megakaryopoiesis by Kell-Related Antibodies
Authors: Thomas Wagner, Gerhard Bernaschek, Klaus Geissler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Kell, one of the major red-cell groups in humans, comprises 22 antigens. These antigens are encoded by alleles on chromosome 7, including sets of antithetical antigens such as Kell (K) and Cellano (k), which differ by a single amino acid.1 Anti-Kell antibodies have been shown to suppress the growth of erythroid progenitor cells in a semisolid culture system.2 This finding has been linked to the reticulocytopenia that is usual in hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis neonatorum) induced by anti-Kell antibodies.3 We recently observed substantial thrombocytopenia in three fetuses with erythroblastosis fetalis due to anti-Kell antibodies (platelet . . .
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress allograft rejection mediated by memory CD8+ T cells via a CD30-dependent mechanism
Authors: Zhenhua Dai, Qi Li, Yinong Wang, Ge Gao, Lonnette S. Diggs, George Tellides, Fadi G. Lakkis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress naive T cell responses, prevent autoimmunity, and delay allograft rejection. It is not known, however, whether Treg cells suppress allograft rejection mediated by memory T cells, as the latter mount faster and stronger immune responses than their naive counterparts. Here we show that antigen-induced, but not naive, Treg cells suppress allograft rejection mediated by memory CD8+ T cells. Suppression was allospecific, as Treg cells induced by third-party antigens did not delay allograft rejection. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that the apoptosis of allospecific memory CD8+ T cells is significantly increased in the presence of antigen-induced Treg cells, while their proliferation remains unaffected. Importantly, neither suppression of allograft rejection nor enhanced apoptosis of memory CD8+ T cells was observed when Treg cells lacked CD30 or when CD30 ligand–CD30 interaction was blocked with anti–CD30 ligand Ab. This study therefore provides direct evidence that pathogenic memory T cells are amenable to suppression in an antigen-specific manner and identifies CD30 as a molecule that is critical for the regulation of memory T cell responses.
Drug industry "freebies" and sponsorship will be banned in India from January 2015
Authors: R. Mukherjee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

After years of efforts to end unhealthy relations between doctors and the drug industry the Indian government has issued a code of conduct for drug companies. 

The Uniform Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices bans drug companies from giving doctors “freebies” and lavish gifts, cruise tickets to exotic locations, paid vacations, or sponsorships to educational conferences and seminars. The code takes effect in January 2015.

In a communication to drug industry associations on 12 December the Department of Pharmaceuticals said that the code, which was prepared after consultation with stakeholders, was voluntary and would be reviewed after six months. However, if the code is not …
Inferior Vena Caval and Ovarian Vein Ligation for Antepartum Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Richard D. Sautter
Journal: JAMA (1966)

MASSIVE PULMONARY thromboembolism in the antepartal period is a rare but often fatal condition. This disease has been estimated to cause 18 deaths per 1 million pregnancies each year.<sup>1</sup>The precise etiology is obscure. Maternal mortality without treatment has been reported to vary from 15% to 60%.<sup>2,3</sup>The usual therapy consists of anticoagulation with sodium heparin or sodium warfarin.<sup>4</sup>However, when sodium warfarin is used, the fetal mortality rate (18%) is excessive. Fatal results from recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism have been reported in patients in which the anticoagulant state was maintained with sodium heparin.<sup>5,6</sup>Ligation of the inferior vena cava and ovarian veins offers near absolute protection against further and possibly fatal pulmonary embolism. This procedure was carried out in the patient in the case to be reported, with the survival of the mother and baby. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old housewife was admitted to the
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Multiple Novel Thrombospondin Genes May Be Associated With Familial Premature Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Eric J. Topol, Jeanette McCarthy, Stacey Gabriel, David J. Moliterno, William J. Rogers, L. Kristin Newby, Matt Freedman, Jennifer Metivier, Ruth Cannata, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Kandice Kottke-Marchant, Gurunathan Murugesan, Edward F. Plow, Olga Stenina, George Q. Daley
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Recent advances in high-throughput genomics technology have expanded our ability to catalogue allelic variants in large sets of candidate genes related to premature coronary artery disease.A total of 398 families were identified in 15 participating medical centers; they fulfilled the criteria of myocardial infarction, revascularization, or a significant coronary artery lesion diagnosed before 45 years in men or 50 years in women. A total of 62 vascular biology genes and 72 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed. Previously undescribed variants in 3 related members of the thrombospondin protein family were prominent among a small set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a statistical association with premature coronary artery disease. A missense variant of thrombospondin 4 (A387P) showed the strongest association, with an adjusted odds ratio for myocardial infarction of 1.89 (P=0.002 adjusted for covariates) for individuals carrying the P allele. A variant in the 3' untranslated region of thrombospondin-2 (change of thymidine to guanine) seemed to have a protective effect against myocardial in individuals homozygous for the variant (adjusted odds ratio of 0.31; P=0.0018). A missense variant in thrombospondin-1 (N700S) was associated with an adjusted odds ratio for coronary artery disease of 11.90 (P=0.041) in homozygous individuals, who also had the lowest level of thrombospondin-1 by plasma assay (P=0.0019).This large-scale genetic study has identified the potential of multiple novel variants in the thrombospondin gene family to be associated with familial premature myocardial infarction. Notwithstanding multiple caveats, thrombospondins specifically and high-throughput genomic technology in general deserve further study in familial ischemic heart disease.
The Effect of Drug-Eluting Stents on Collateral Coronary Flow
Authors: Carlo di Mario, Konstantinos Dimopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)

I read with great interest the article by Meier et al. ([1][1]) published in the previous issue of the Journal . The article seems to report another, previously unappreciated, adverse effect of the use of drug-eluting stents (DES): impairment of coronary collateral function. Despite the large study
The Reduction of Inflammatory Biomarkers by Statin, Fibrate, and Combination Therapy Among Diabetic Patients With Mixed Dyslipidemia
Authors: Joseph B. Muhlestein, Heidi T. May, Jonathan R. Jensen, Benjamin D. Horne, Richard B. Lanman, Farangis Lavasani, Robert L. Wolfert, Robert R. Pearson, H. Daniel Yannicelli, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)