tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microarray Identifies Extensive Downregulation of Noncollagen Extracellular Matrix and Profibrotic Growth Factor Genes in Chronic Isolated Mitral Regurgitation in the Dog
Authors: Junying Zheng, Yuanwen Chen, Betty Pat, Louis A. Dell'Italia, Michael Tillson, A. Ray Dillon, Pamela C. Powell, Ke Shi, Neil Shah, Thomas Denney, Ahsan Husain, Louis J. Dell'Italia
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— The volume overload of isolated mitral regurgitation (MR) in the dog results in left ventricular (LV) dilatation and interstitial collagen loss. To better understand the mechanism of collagen loss, we performed a gene array and overlaid regulated genes into ingenuity pathway analysis. Methods and Results— Gene arrays from LV tissue were compared in 4 dogs before and 4 months after MR. Cine-magnetic resonance–derived LV end-diastolic volume increased 2-fold ( P =0.005), and LV ejection fraction increased from 41% to 53% ( P &lt;0.007). LV interstitial collagen decreased 40% ( P &lt;0.05) compared with controls, and replacement collagen was in short strands and in disarray. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified Marfan syndrome, aneurysm formation, LV dilatation, and myocardial infarction, all of which have extracellular matrix protein defects and/or degradation. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 mRNA increased 5- ( P =0.01) and 10-fold ( P =0.003), whereas collagen I did not change and collagen III mRNA increased 1.5-fold ( P =0.02). However, noncollagen genes important in extracellular matrix structure were significantly downregulated, including decorin, fibulin 1, and fibrillin 1. In addition, connective tissue growth factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor were downregulated, along with multiple genes in the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, resulting in decreased LV transforming growth factor-β1 activity ( P =0.03). Conclusions— LV collagen loss in isolated, compensated MR is chiefly due to posttranslational processing and degradation. The downregulation of multiple noncollagen genes important in global extracellular matrix structure, coupled with decreased expression of multiple profibrotic factors, explains the failure to replace interstitial collagen in the MR heart.
Effective Maintenance Treatment of Reflux Esophagitis with Low-Dose Lansoprazole
Authors: Malcolm Robinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To compare the efficacy of two doses of lansoprazole with that of placebo in preventing recurrence of erosive esophagitis in a 12-month period. Design: Randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: 25 U.S. medical centers. Patients: 173 patients with documented healing of erosive esophagitis after 8 weeks of acid-suppressing therapy. Intervention: Lansoprazole, 15 mg or 30 mg, or placebo once daily for as long as 12 months. Measurements: Endoscopy and symptom evaluation after 1,2,3,6,9, and 12 months of treatment. Endoscopy was also done whenever symptoms suggested erosive changes. Results: Lansoprazole was significantly superior to placebo in maintaining healing and preventing recurrence of symptoms. By month 1, 45% of placebo recipients remained healed compared with more than 90% of patients in either lansoprazole group. By month 12, only 24% of placebo recipients remained healed compared with 79% of patients receiving 15 mg of lansoprazole and 90% of patients receiving 30 mg of lansoprazole. During the same period, 35% of placebo recipients remained asymptomatic compared with 72% of recipients of 15 mg of lansoprazole and 67% of recipients of 30 mg of lansoprazole. The 15-mg and 30-mg lansoprazole doses did not differ significantly in maintaining healing and controlling symptoms. Follow-up after recurrence of erosion indicated that during the 12 months, 35% of placebo recipients and 2% of lansoprazole recipients had three or more recurrences. Conclusion: Lansoprazole effectively maintains healing of erosive esophagitis. The 15-mg and 30-mg lansoprazole doses did not differ significantly for use as maintenance treatment.
Cyclosporin A inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced cutaneous inflammation in severe combined immunodeficient mice that lack functional lymphocytes
Authors: None Reynolds, None Voorhees, None Fisher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A single application of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to mouse skin results in an acute inflammatory response, with an influx of neutrophils and lymphocytes, epidermal hyperplasia and abnormal keratinocyte differentiation. This response is significantly inhibited by topical cyclosporin A (CyA). Although CyA is known to inhibit T-cell activation, the role of T cells in TPA-induced cutaneous inflammation is not well understood. In this study, we have used severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which carry a spontaneous mutation resulting in the absence of functional T and B lymphocytes, to examine whether lymphocytes are required for the TPA response in mouse skin and whether CyA inhibits the TPA response in SCID mice. A significant increase in epidermal and deep dermal inflammation was observed in both SCID and CB-17 mice 24 h after a single application of TPA (10 nmol) compared with vehicle (P < 0.05, n = 5–7). Simultaneous application of CyA (1.7 μmol) plus TPA resulted in a significant reduction in epidermal and deep inflammation at 24 h compared with TPA alone in SCID and CB-17 mice (P < 0.05, n = 7). In contrast to hairless mice, a variable increase in epidermal thickness was observed in both SCID and CB-17 mice after treatment with TPA at 24 and 72 h, which was not significantly affected by CyA. These data indicate that TPA-induced inflammation in mouse skin does not depend on lymphocytes. In addition, the inhibition of TPA-induced epidermal and deep dermal inflammation by CyA in SCID mouse skin suggests that CyA exerts effects on cutaneous inflammation in mice in the absence of functioning T cells.
The Excess Mortality of Black Adults in the United States-Reply
Authors: Mac W. Otten
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  We concur with comments of Drs Allen and Sanders regarding actions to reduce differences between black and white mortality that  gap between blacks and whites will not be reduced by more 'information' but by aggressive efforts to develop and implement innovative models for the provision of health services that promote and protect the health of  Perhaps we should have been more specific in our statement that  is needed to narrow the gap. We believe that additional  is needed in two areas. First, we need more information about which factors related to income are associated with the higher mortality of blacks. Is it quality of care? Is it the racial composition of our nation's health care providers? Is it distance to a health care facility? Is it any of the many social factors identified by the authors? Second, operational research as to how best to
Extraintestinal disease may be associated with Crohn's disease
Authors: J. Barnes, N. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—A Grand Round discussed a boy who presented with cervical adenitis due to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and later developed symptoms typical of Crohn's disease.1This sequence of events seemed unlikely to be unique; we therefore reviewed the full general practice medical records of 21 patients with Crohn's disease and 21 controls (matched for age, sex, and first letter of the surname) attending Sawston medical practice, a semirural practice of 12 500 patients.

Of …
Inefficient establishment of KSHV latency suggests an additional role for continued lytic replication in Kaposi sarcoma pathogenesis
Authors: Adam Grundhoff, Don Ganem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Kaposi sarcoma-associated (KS-associated) herpesvirus (KSHV) infection is linked to the development of both KS and several lymphoproliferative diseases. In all cases, the resulting tumor cells predominantly display latent viral infection. KS tumorigenesis requires ongoing lytic viral replication as well, however, for reasons that are unclear but have been suggested to involve the production of angiogenic or mitogenic factors by lytically infected cells. Here we demonstrate that proliferating cells infected with KSHV in vitro display a marked propensity to segregate latent viral genomes, with only a variable but small subpopulation being capable of stable episome maintenance. Stable maintenance is not due to the enhanced production of viral or host trans-acting factors, but is associated with cis-acting, epigenetic changes in the viral chromosome. These results indicate that acquisition of stable KSHV latency is a multistep process that proceeds with varying degrees of efficiency in different cell types. They also suggest an additional role for lytic replication in sustaining KS tumorigenesis: namely, the recruitment of new cells to latency to replace those that have segregated the viral episome.
The use of chemically split tissue in the detection of circulating anti-basement membrane zone antibodies in bullous pemphigoid and cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: SUSAN E. KELLY, FENELLA WOJNAROWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Human skin and mucous membranes were used to detect circulating auto-antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence in 20 patients with bullous pemphigoid and eight with cicatricial pemphigoid. The tissue substrate was used intact and after chemical separation through the basement membrane zone (BMZ) by incubation with I M NaCl. Chemically split skin and oral mucosa provided a more sensitive assay for demonstrating circulating anti BMZ antibodies. Use of a battery of substrates increased the number of positives in bullous pemphigoid from 30% detected on monkey oesophagus to 100% (tissue battery). In cicatricial pemphigoid there was an increase in the proportion of positive sera from 13% (monkey oesophagus) to 88% (tissue battery). In addition, a different class of antibody was frequently detected on split tissue substrate suggesting that new antigens are exposed by this procedure.
Spectrum of clinical phenotypes and gene variants in cardiac myosin-binding protein C mutation carriers with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jeanette Erdmann, Jörg Raible, Jaleh Maki-Abadi, Jan Hammann, Bernd Wollnik, Eckart Frantz, Eckart Fleck, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Manfred Hummel, Roland Hetzer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Toxicity of Over-the-Counter Stimulants
Authors: Paul Pentel
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Over-the-counter stimulants (phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, caffeine) are used widely as decongestants, anorectic agents, amphetamine substitutes, and "legal stimulants." Toxic effects may result from overdose, drug interactions, or diseases that increase sensitivity to sympathomimetic agents. The most important toxic effect of the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylpropanolamine is hypertension, which may result in hypertensive encephalopathy or intracerebral hemorrhage. The therapeutic index of phenylpropanolamine is low, and severe hypertension may occur after ingestion of less than three times the therapeutic dose. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine may also cause hypertension, as well as tachyarrhythmias due to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Toxic reactions from caffeine are characterized by agitation, seizures, tachyarrhythmias, and hypotension. Management of toxic reactions to over-the-counter stimulants includes control of hypertension with a rapidly acting vasodilator, beta-blockers for tachyarrhythmias, and control of seizures.
Laboratory tests fro hyperparathyroidism
Authors: G. S. Gordan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The diagnosis of parathyroid overfunction or underfunction can be suspected clinically but can be established only by laboratory means. Development of a sensitive test for parathyroid hormone by the Berson and Yalow radioimmunoassay technique has paved the way for direct measurement of parathyroid function. With present techniques, however, hormone levels are elevated in only half the cases of proved hyperparathyroidism.<sup>1</sup>Undoubtedly, direct measurement of parathyroid hormone will be of great diagnostic value when the method is perfected. At present, however, parathyroid function is still estimated indirectly. The established actions of<i>excess</i>parathyroid hormone in man upon which tests of parathyroid function are based are (1) elevation of serum and urine calcium levels, for the most part due to mobilization of calcium from bone reservoirs, and (2) inhibition of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, often but not always resulting in hypophosphatemia. Secondarily, prolonged hypercalcemia may damage the kidney and uncompensated
Molecular Biology and Human Disease
Authors: Raymond L. Teplitz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This volume is a welcome attempt to inform the newcomer (student or professional) to the field, who is not ready for the jargon and assumptions of the current literature. It admirably achieves its goal and can be profitably read. This does not mean that it is perfect or that each chapter fulfills its task at the same level. Outstanding are the chapters written by one of the editors, Alexander MacLeod. However, his comment that the oligonucleotide procedures for the detection of single-base changes in DNA are not for the "fainthearted" (p 18) is not consistent with the experience of others familiar with this technique. Likewise, oligonucleotide probes for screening recombinant phage (assuming the base sequences were known [page 19] would be an alternative to the plaque hybridization method described. As adequate or even excellent as chapters by MacLeod, Farrell, Talbot, Watson, and others may be, some chapters are wanting. Southern's
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Authors: Hui Tan, Lei Jiang, Yabo Gao, Zhaochong Zeng, Hongcheng Shi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 40-year-old woman presented with recurrent chest tightness and shortness of breath for 10 days. The echocardiogram and MRI revealed a mass in the right atrium. FDG PET/CT was performed for further evaluation. The images demonstrated abnormally increased activity in the right atrial mass. The result of pathological examination after the surgical removal of the mass was consistent with angiosarcoma. Despite of receiving aggressive therapy including radiation, the patient had recurrent and metastatic malignancy 8 months later.
STUDIES ON MORPHINE ADDICTION PROBLEM
Authors: CHARLES W. EDMUNDS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In the last few years there has been a great increase in the interest taken in the general subject of drug addiction not only in the United States but also in practically every other country on the globe. This is easily understandable in those countries where drug addicts are numerous, but among those nations where today addiction is not a serious problem hearty cooperation has also been encountered and may be considered possibly as a measure of self protection. Two or three significant features of this interest in the problem may be mentioned. Of first importance is the Geneva Convention of 1931, under the terms of which fifty-five nations have agreed to limit the manufacture of narcotic drugs to a quantity necessary for medical and scientific purposes and have placed the control of such substances under a committee of the League of Nations. Under the terms of this agreement, each
Making the Blood Supply Safer
Authors: Timothy F. Brewer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 April 1993Making the Blood Supply SaferTimothy F. Brewer, MD, Mary E. Wilson, MD, and Harvey W. Fineberg, MDTimothy F. Brewer, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Mary E. Wilson, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Harvey W. Fineberg, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Fuchs and colleagues advocate the use of a particular surrogate marker, neopterin, to protect recipients of blood products from infection. The usefulness of any test depends, in part, on its sensitivity, specificity, and costs. Evaluating a test's performance in detecting an unrecognized pathogen is complicated by the lack of a validated standard for the infection's presence or absence. In the case of testing blood products, costs include those related to discarding blood that would otherwise have been used, needing to find new donors, and implementing the test. If a donor notification program is used, additional emotional and ...References1. Donohue JG, Munoz A, Ness PM, Brown DE, Yown DH, McAllister HA, Jr, et al. The declining risk of post-transfusion hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:369-73. Google Scholar2. Hornbrook MC, Dodd RY, Jacobs P, Friedman LI, Sherman KE. Reducing the incidence of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis by testing donor blood for alanine aminotransferase. N Engl J Med. 1982; 307:1315-21. Google Scholar3. Cumming PD, Wallace EL, Schorr JB, Dodd RY. Exposure of patients to human immunodeficiency virus through the transfusion of blood components that test antibody negative. N Engl J Med. 1989; 321:941-6. Google Scholar4. Horowitz B, Bonomo R, Prince AM, Chin SN, Brotman B, Shulman RW. Solvent/detergent-treated plasma: a virus-inactivated substitute for fresh frozen plasma. Blood. 1992; 79:826-31. Google Scholar5. Heymann SJ, Brewer TF, Fineberg HV, Wilson ME. How safe is safe enough? New infections and the U.S. blood supply. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:612-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Timothy F. Brewer, MD; Mary E. Wilson, MD; Harvey W. Fineberg, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1993Volume 118, Issue 7Page: 574-575KeywordsBiomarkersBloodBlood banksHematologic testsHepatitis CInfectious diseasesInfectious hepatitisMortalityPathogensSpecificity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Psychiatric Aeromedical Evacuation Patients During the Tet and Tet II Offensives, 1968
Authors: FRANK W. HAYES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author presents a statistical study of all patients in the Pacific aeromedical system who entered Travis Air Force Base from January 1 to June 30, 1968, and compares these figures with those for the same period in 1967 to determine the effect of the 1968 Tet offensives. The considerable decrease in the percentage of psychiatric patients aeromedically evacuated indicates that the principles of military psychiatry are being carried out effectively, particularly in the Army.
Looking at comorbidity through the glasses of neuroscientific memory research: A brain-network perspective
Authors: Angelica Staniloiu, Hans J. Markowitsch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract As psychiatric illnesses have correlates in the brain, it is surprising that Cramer et al. make almost no reference to the brain's network character when proposing a network approach to comorbidity of psychiatric diseases. We illustrate how data from combined neuropsychological and functional and structural brain-imaging investigations could inform theoretical models about the role played by overlapping symptoms in the etiology of psychiatric comorbidity and the pathways from one disorder to another.
Fall in mortality from breast cancer is due almost equally to screening and adjuvant therapy
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Seven statistical models independently developed to investigate the reduction in death rates from breast cancer in the United States in 1975-2000 show that mammographical screening and adjuvant treatment have contributed almost equally ( New England Journal of Medicine 2005;353:1784-92).

The proportion of the total reduction attributed to screening varied from 28% to 65% in the seven models (median 46%) with adjuvant treatment contributing the rest. The variability across models in the absolute contribution of screening was larger than it was for treatment, reflecting the greater uncertainty associated with estimating the benefit of screening.

The models were developed by the Breast Cancer Working Group of a consortium of investigators sponsored by the US National Cancer Institute (Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network or CISNET). …
George Adair Hazleton Heaney
Authors: A. Heaney, P. Hillenbrand
Journal: BMJ (2010)

George Adair Hazleton Heaney (“Adair”) entered Queen’s Medical School from Campbell College on a county scholarship. While a medical student he represented the Territorial Army at Bisley, and held the Irish Open Championship for rifle shooting. He emigrated to Canada after qualifying, working for a time with the Grenfell Mission to Eskimos in Northwest River, Labrador. Returning to …
Adult hepatoblastoma: Learning from children
Authors: Anne-Laure Rougemont, Valérie A. McLin, Christian Toso, Barbara E. Wildhaber
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver tumour in infants and young children. Its occurrence in the adult population is debated and has been questioned. The aim of this paper is to review the histological and clinical features of adult hepatoblastoma as described in the adult literature, and to compare the findings with those of paediatric hepatoblastoma. The developmental and molecular aspects of hepatoblastoma are reviewed and their potential contribution to diagnosis of adult hepatoblastoma discussed. Case reports of adult hepatoblastoma identified by a PubMed search of the English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish literature through March 2011 were reviewed. Forty-five cases of hepatoblastoma were collected. Age at presentation was variable. Survival was uniformly poor, except for the rare patients who presented with the relatively differentiated, foetal type. The common denominator between adult and paediatric cases is the occurrence of embryonal or immature aspect of the tumours. Whether the adult cases of hepatoblastoma represent blastemal tumours, stem cell tumours, or unusual differentiation patterns in otherwise more frequent adult liver tumours remains to be established. Adult tumours labelled as hepatoblastoma are characterised by malignant appearing mesenchymal components. Surgical management is the cornerstone of therapy in children and also appears to confer an improved prognosis in adults. Whether adult hepatoblastoma exists, remains controversial. Indeed, several features described in adult cases are markedly different from hepatoblastoma as it is understood in children, and other differential diagnoses should also be entertained. Nonetheless, hepatoblastoma should be considered in adults presenting with primary liver tumours in the absence of pre-existing liver disease. Adult and paediatric patients with immature hepatoblastoma appear to have worse outcomes, and adults presenting with presumed hepatoblastoma have an overall poorer prognosis than children with hepatoblastoma. In all patients, surgery should be the treatment of choice, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is advisable.