tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting Rat Brainstem Glioma Using Human Neural Stem Cells and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Do-Hun Lee, Yong Ahn, Seung U. Kim, Kyu-Chang Wang, Byung-Kyu Cho, Ji Hoon Phi, In Ho Park, Peter M. Black, Rona S. Carroll, Joonyub Lee, Seung-Ki Kim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Brainstem gliomas are usually inoperable and have a dismal prognosis. Based on the robust tropisms of neural stem cells (NSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to brain tumors, we compared the tumor-tropic migratory capacities of these stem cells and evaluated the therapeutic potential of genetically engineered human NSCs encoding cytosine deaminase (CD) and IFNβ against brainstem gliomas. Experimental Design: The directed migratory capacities of NSCs and MSCs to brainstem glioma (F98) were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The human NSCs (HB1.F3) and various human MSCs, such as bone marrow–derived MSCs (HM3.B10), adipose tissue–derived MSCs, and umbilical cord blood–derived MSCs, were tested. Human fibroblast cells (HFF-1) were used as the negative control. As a proof of concept, the bioactivity of HB1.F3-CD-IFNβ was analyzed with a cell viability assay, and animals with brainstem gliomas were injected with HB1.F3-CD-IFNβ cells followed by systemic 5-fluorocytosine treatment. Results: In an in vitro modified Transwell migration assay and in vivo stem cell injection into established brainstem gliomas in rats, all the stem cells showed a significant migratory capacity compared with that of the control (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Histologic analysis showed a 59% reduction in tumor volume in the HB1.F3-CD-IFNβ–treated group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Apoptotic cells were increased 2.33-fold in animals treated with HB1.F3-CD-IFNβ compared with the respective control groups (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusion: The brainstem glioma-tropic migratory capacities of MSCs from various sources were similar to those of NSCs. Genetically engineered NSCs show therapeutic efficacy against brainstem gliomas.
ME-06 * ENDOGENOUS NEURAL PRECURSOR CELLS INDUCE CELL DEATH OF HIGH-GRADE ASTROCYTOMAS AND HAVE A TROPISM TO TUMORS IN THE HUMAN BRAIN
Authors: R. Glass
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Data from mouse models suggest that high-grade gliomas (HG-gliomas) origin from somatic mutant neural stem and precursor cells (NPCs). We found that endogenous NPCs also defend the brain against HG-gliomas. We observed that NPCs migrate from the subventricular zone to HG-gliomas in mice and we found that NPCs, which are genetically distinct from the tumor mass, accumulate at the border of high-grade gliomas in humans. The vascular endothelial growth factor pathway controls the tropism of mouse and human NPCs to gliomas. Tumour associated NPCs reduce glioma expansion and prolong survival by releasing a group of fatty acid ethanolamides that have agonistic activity on the vanilloid receptor (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member-1; TRPV1). TRPV1 expression is much higher in HG-gliomas than in tumor-free brain and TRPV1 stimulation triggers tumor cell death. NPC-mediated tumor suppression can be mimicked by systemic administration of synthetic vanilloids and phytovanilloids suggesting that TRPV1 agonists hold potential as new HG-astrocytoma therapeutics. Finally, our data reveal that brain tumour suppression is an intrinsic feature of NPCs, but not other stem and precursor cells. Factors secreted from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) did not trigger glioma cell death, but when iPS cells were differentiated into NPCs they released anti-tumourigenic vanilloids. Overall, our data reveal that NPCs are attracted to high-grade gliomas in mice and humans, that NPCs have a specific role in suppressing HG-gliomas and that NPC-released anti-tumorigenic factors can be used as pre-clinical HG-glioma therapeutics.
Public Health Department.-Reply
Authors: Charles W. Rook
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3> The Adams County (Ills.) Medical Society, on February 8, presented the following testimonials to its senior member: "Last week occurred the fiftieth anniversary of the doctorate of Dr. Francis Drude, an honored member and past-president of the society, he having graduated from the University of Berlin on the second day of February, 1842. "When fifty years of active work in a profession so exacting and laborious and subject to so much risk and exposure as that of medicine still finds a man in the full possession of his mental vigor and retaining his early enthusiasm in scientific pursuits, the event is sufficiently rare and interesting to command especial notice. "The Adams County Medical Society therefore gladly avails itself of the privilege of congratulating Dr. Drude upon reaching his golden anniversary, and to express and record the hope that it
À La Carte Interferon for Hepatitis C?
Authors: Patrick Marcellin, Jean-Pierre Benhamou, Jenny Heathcote, Henri Bismuth, Valler Desmet, Jaime Guardia, Anna Lok, Karl H. Meyer Zum Buschenfeld, Luigi Pagliaro, Gustav Paumgartner, Juan Rodes, Sheila Sherlock
Journal: Hepatology (2000)
Improving Surveillance for Antimalarial Drug Resistance
Authors: Jean-Paul Chretien, Mark Fukuda, Harald Noedl
Journal: JAMA (2007)

GLOBAL MALARIA CONTROL EFFORTS DEPEND INcreasingly on artemisinin derivatives because of resistance to other antimalarial drugs. Emergence of artemisinin resistance could be devastating for individuals with malaria, unless timely detection by surveillance systems allows evaluation of new treatments and interventions to counter the spread of resistance. However, instead of drug resistance monitoring, major sponsors of malaria control programs emphasize other essential antimalarial strategies far more strongly. These sponsors understandably seek immediate public health results with proven antimalarial interventions, but rapid and widespread deployment of artemisinin derivatives, with insufficient attention to drug resistance, could undermine these gains. Developing an early warning system for resistance to artemisinin and other antimalarial drugs should be an urgent priority of malaria control programs and their sponsors.
The Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Eye.
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Burlington, Iowa, Aug. 25, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I would like to add a brief supplement to my remarks in the discussion of Dr. Sweet's paper at the Saratoga meeting. By reference to these remarks it will be seen that I reported a case of foreign body in the eye in which I felt that the<i>x</i>-ray photography was of the character criticised by Dr. Lippincott in the same discussion. My suspicion of failure in the<i>x</i>-ray work was borne out by the subsequent history of the case, which is as follows: On my return home the 1st of July I found that the eye was becoming soft and shrunken and had every sign of chronic cyclitis. I thereupon enucleated it. The foreign body, which was shown in the picture exhibited, as apparently high up in the globe or in the orbit (as the photographer said) was really
DE KRUIF WRITES ON PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: Wingate M. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —In his address as retiring president of the American College of Surgeons, Dr. C. Jeff Miller (Medical Men and Their Lay Critics,Surg., Gynec. & Obst.54:391 [Feb.] 1932) quoted Kipling's statement that doctors always have been and always will be exposed to the contempt of the gifted amateur, the gentleman who knows by intuition everything that  has taken them years to learn. Dr. Miller further charges that it has perhaps been easier for our traducers to gain a hearing than  has been for our defenders.  In theLadies' Home Journalfor November, 1933, these two statements are abundantly confirmed. Paul de Kruif's article Why Should They Go On Dying? is a veritable storehouse of misinformation and vilification of the medical profession, as any doctor can see by securing a copy of the magazine and reading  for himself. Briefly, de Kruif had just
Metastatic melanomas of unknown primary show better prognosis than those of known primary: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Jung Min Bae, Yoon Young Choi, Dae Suk Kim, Ji Hye Lee, Hong Sun Jang, Joo Hee Lee, Heesu Kim, Byung Ho Oh, Mi Ryung Roh, Kyoung Ae Nam, Kee Yang Chung
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Parents lose compensation battle for care of disabled child
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Federal Court in Karlsruhe, Germany, has rejected financial claims from parents who were demanding compensation for the upkeep of their handicapped child.

The parents brought the case against their gynaecologists after malformations of one twin was not been diagnosed during pregnancy. An abortion was therefore never discussed beween doctors and parents. One of …
Women physicians' earnings continue to lag behind men's in the US
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The pay gap between male and female physicians in the United States has remained essentially unchanged over the past two decades, a new study has found.1

In the study, lead author Seth A Seabury, of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, and co-authors, analyzed data from the Current Population Study, a survey of approximately 60 000 US households conducted monthly by the US Census Bureau.

Their analysis looked at self reported occupation, hours worked, annual earnings, age, sex, and race to calculate the trends …
Pulmonary Infection with <i>Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare</i> Leads to Air Trapping Distal to the Small Airways
Authors: KEISHI KUBO, YOSHITAKA YAMAZAKI, TAKESHI MASUBUCHI, AKEMI TAKAMIZAWA, HIROSHI YAMAMOTO, TOMONOBU KOIZUMI, KEISAKU FUJIMOTO, YUKINORI MATSUZAWA, TAKAYUKI HONDA, MINORU HASEGAWA, SHUSUKE SONE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To clarify the structure and function of the airways in Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) infection, we performed pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax in female patients 61 ± 9 yr of age (n = 12) with pulmonary MAI infection without predisposing lung disease and compared their data with those of normal female volunteers 54 ± 8 yr of age (n = 9). We calculated the E/I ratio, i.e., the average ratio of HRCT number at full expiration to that at full inspiration, as an index for the evaluation of air trapping distal to the small airways. Patients showed significant increases in residual volume and slope of phase III ( Δ N2) of the single-breath nitrogen test, and significant decreases in flow at 50 and 25% of FVC, suggesting hyperinflation and obstruction of the small airways. HRCT of patients revealed the small nodules and ectasis of bronchioles and small bronchi located mainly in segments (S) S2, S3, S4, and S5. The E/I ratio was significantly elevated in patients, and especially higher in the upper lung field than in the lower lung field, suggesting air trapping distal to the small airways. The difference of E/I ratio between the upper and lower field is probably related to the segmental distribution of CT abnormalities. These findings suggest that MAI infection can lead to air trapping distal to the small airways.
Double resistance to imatinib and AMG 706 caused by multiple acquired KIT exon 17 mutations in a gastrointestinal stromal tumour
Authors: F. Grabellus, P. Ebeling, K. Worm, S.-Y. Sheu, G. Antoch, A. Frilling, K. W Schmid
Journal: Gut (2007)

effective.To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the non-invasive visualisation of small-bowel motility in a patient group.The reduced distension did not impede the visualisation of the small-bowel wall as it was outlined by either air or gastrointestinal liquid.It had the added advantage of not affecting the bowel function by placing tubes or filling the bowel.Four distinct motility patterns could be distinguished in our patients: paralysis, shivering, uncoordinated motion and sinusoidal motion.A previous study on motility with healthy volunteers 8 observed only the sinusoi- dal pattern, suggesting a clear difference in the motility patterns between postoperative patients and healthy volunteers.It may be hypothesised that motility recovers along a defined path during postoperative convalescence starting with slight shivering, changing into irregular movements and finally developing into full sinusoidal motion.Many factors may influence postoperative bowel motility, but the effect and relevance of each are complex and remain to some extent unknown. 9 10The MRI technique described here is not limited to postoperative treatment, but can be applied to a wide range of motility diseases 7 and common intestinal disorders with unknown pathomechanisms.Non-invasive MRI assessment of peristaltic motion allows rapid and reliable localisation and diagnosis of motility problems and thus could have a beneficial impact on treatment and recovery.
Severe Postoperative Hyperbilirubinemia Simulating Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: Paul A. Kantrowitz, Wallace A. Jones, Norton J. Greenberger, Kurt J. Isselbacher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

MILD or transient jaundice has been observed to follow a variety of surgical procedures.1 2 3 4 5 In previously reported cases the serum bilirubin levels have generally been less than 10 mg. per 100 ml., and jaundice has persisted for only a few days. In most, the jaundice has been attributed to the effects of surgery on the liver and to multiple blood transfusions. In some of the more severe cases morphologic study has also disclosed intrahepatic cholestasis.6 In the 4 cases reported below, marked jaundice developed after surgery for control of massive hemorrhage into body tissues. Each patient also received many blood . . .
Gram Stain in Diagnosis of Gonorrhea in Males
Authors: Lynn T. Staheli
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Several investigators have concluded that this problem has little practical significance in the male. Gram-stain techniques in acute gonococcal urethritis were found 99% accurate by Fiumara (<i>New Eng J Med</i><b>260</b>:863 [April 23] 1959) and 98% accurate by Sokoloff and Goldstein (<i>JAMA</i><b>184</b>:197 [April 20] 1963). Dr. Manthey's comments can be correct only if the frequency of urethritis caused by non-gonococcal gram-negative diplococci is increasing out of proportion to that caused by<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. In the study by Sokoloff and Goldstein of 195 patients with acute urethritis, no organisms of the tribe<i>Mimeae</i>were isolated. Other series in which the diagnosis was established by culture technique and which employed comparable penicillin treatment regimens have produced results essentially the same as those in this study. It would seem unrealistic to conclude that one failure in 46 patients is an example of an increased failure rate.
Abstract C49: Tissue tranglutaminase regulates β-catenin signaling in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Salvatore Condello, Liyun Cao, Daniela Matei
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in protein crosslinking and cell adhesion to fibronectin (FN). In cancer, TG2 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributing to metastasis. As cadherins bind β-catenin at cell-cell junctions, disruption of adherens junctions destabilizes cadherin-catenin complexes. The goal of the present study was to analyze whether and how TG2 interacts with and regulates β–catenin signaling in ovarian cancer (OC) cells. Methods: Western blotting, immuno-fluorescence and immunohistochemistry measured TG2 and β-catenin expression in OC cells and human tumors. B-catenin function was analyzed by TCF/LEF1 promoter reporter assay and Q-RT-PCR based quantification of mRNA levels for target genes (c-myc and cyclin D1). Protein-protein interaction was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Results: We observed a significant correlation between TG2 and β-catenin expression levels in OC cells and tumors. TG2 augmented Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as evidenced by enhanced β-catenin transcriptional activity, inducing transcription of target genes cyclin D1 and c-Myc. By promoting integrin-mediated cell adhesion to FN, TG2 associates with and recruits c-Src, which in turn phosphorylates β-catenin at Tyr654, releasing it from E-cadherin, and rendering it available for transcription regulation. Ultimately the TG2—FN interaction stimulates OC cell proliferation by enhancing β-catenin signaling. Conclusions: Our data show that TG2 regulates β-catenin expression and function in OC cells and define a c-Src dependent mechanism through which this occurs. We posit that the TG2-FN interaction initiates this process and could be a new cancer target. Citation Format: Salvatore Condello, Liyun Cao, Daniela Matei. Tissue tranglutaminase regulates β-catenin signaling in ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C49.
Oxygen Releasing Factor in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: William W. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Two subjects with hyperthyroidism had increased release of oxygen from blood and elevated concentrations of red blood cell 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate. This organic phosphate can be established as the primary regulator of oxygen release from hemoglobin in this and in other clinical conditions with imbalance of oxygen supply and demand.
Pituitary dwarfism and size of gonads.
Authors: Z Laron, R Sarel
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BpRITISHAL 235 mal in the first four hours after delivery of the infant; the level declines thereafter and at 24 hours is the same as or a little higher than that seen in late pregnancy and at the onset of labour.The level of F.D.P. is even higher in 50% of women with twin births.We have not made any observations later than 24 hours after delivery.Recent findings' regarding the haemagglu- tination inhibition assay have shown that the assay can be considerably simplified by the substitution of human for sheep red cells.A uniform level of protein for dilution of samples and standards should be used throughout the assay to achieve reliable results.We have largely abandoned the use of the microtitre (or similar) system, since we found that it introduces a consistent error, as it tends to produce less than doubling dilutions, resulting in fallaciously low readings.In addition, the currently used assay which in- volves red cell agglutination (rather than a settling pattern of cells) is easier to read in a plate with larger wells.We have been able to adapt the method to the AutoAnalyzer with similar and even more reproducible results, allowing more certain detection of small differences between samples.Recheck- ing our previous results on the AutoAnalyzer has confirmed the results mentioned above.-We are, etc.,
Breast-feeding and Infectious Diarrhea
Authors: Bart Holland
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Gordon<sup>1</sup>raises the question of why breast-feeding is lifesaving in developing countries, and he terms it an "unanswered major issue." He implies that supine feeding is the problem, but neglects to mention the difficulties of maintaining a sanitary food supply in developing countries. Where sanitation is poor, non—breastfed infants are more frequently exposed to sources of infection than are breastfed infants. For example, a study in Gambia<sup>2</sup>showed that supplementary foods provided to infants, whether traditional gruels or commercial infant formulas, "were heavily contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms," because the foods were not freshly prepared. In Chile,<sup>3</sup>80% of feeding bottles were found to harbor dangerously large numbers of bacteria. In a study in Uganda,<sup>4</sup>bacterial counts were elevated in infant foods and on the surface of utensils used in preparation and feeding. In that study, 49% of infants whose mothers had attempted
Edema of cardiac origin. Studies of body water and sodium, renal function, hemodynamic indexes, and plasma hormones in untreated congestive cardiac failure.
Authors: I S Anand, R Ferrari, G S Kalra, P L Wahi, P A Poole-Wilson, P C Harris
Journal: Circulation (1989)

This study provides data on plasma hormone levels in patients with severe clinical congestive cardiac failure who had never received therapy and in whom the presence of an accumulation of excess water and sodium had been established. Eight patients were studied; two had ischemic cardiac disease, and six had dilated cardiomyopathy. Mean hemodynamic measurements at rest were as follows: cardiac index, 1.8 l/min/m2; pulmonary wedge pressure, 30 mm Hg; right atrial pressure, 15 mm Hg. Total body water content was 16% above control, extracellular liquid was 33% above control, plasma volume was 34% above control, total exchangeable sodium was 37% above control, renal plasma flow was 29% of control, and glomerular filtration rate was 65% of control. Plasma norepinephrine was consistently increased (on average 6.3 times control), whereas adrenaline was unaffected. Although plasma renin activity and aldosterone varied widely, they were on average above normal (renin 9.5 times control, aldosterone 6.4 times control). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (14.3 times control) and growth hormone (11.5 times control) were consistently increased. Cortisol was also increased on average (1.7 times control). Vasopressin was increased only in one patient.
Role of Arterial Wall Secretion in the Regulation of Blood Pressure
Authors: C. JIMÉNEZ DIAZ, P. BARREDA, A. F. MOLINA, R. ALCALÁ
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The authors present experiments demonstrating that the hypertension produced by the stimulation of the central end of the vagus nerve is brought about by the appearance of a pressor substance in the circulating blood. The results of these experiments show that such a substance does not come from any gland nor from the central nervous system. The observed facts indicate that its origin is the arterial wall proper, from which it is directly liberated into the circulation. The pharmacologic proofs suggest that this substance is noradrenaline.
Soil ingestion: a concern for acute toxicity in children.
Authors: E J Calabrese, E J Stanek, R C James, S M Roberts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Several soil ingestion studies have indicated that some children ingest substantial amounts of soil on given days. Although the EPA has assumed that 95% of children ingest 200 mg soil/day or less for exposure assessment purposes, some children have been observed to ingest up to 25-60 g soil during a single day. In light of the potential for children to ingest such large amounts of soil, an assessment was made of the possibility for soil pica episodes to result in acute intoxication from contaminant concentrations the EPA regards as representing conservative screening values (i.e., EPA soil screening levels and EPA Region III risk-based concentrations for residential soils). For a set of 13 chemicals included in the analysis, contaminant doses resulting from a one-time soil pica episode (5-50 g of soil ingested) were compared with acute dosages shown to produce toxicity in humans in clinical studies or case reports. For four of these chemicals, a soil pica episode was found to result in a contaminant dose approximating or exceeding the acute human lethal dose. For five of the remaining chemicals, the contaminant dose from a soil pica episode was well within the reported dose range in humans for toxicity other than lethality. Because both the exposure episodes and the toxicological response information are derived from observations in humans, these findings are regarded as particularly relevant for human health risk assessment. They suggest that, for some chemicals, ostensibly conservative soil criteria based on chronic exposure using current EPA methodology may not be protective of children during acute soil pica episodes.