tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lymphoid Follicle Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overexpress the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3
Authors: Steven G. Kelsen, Mark O. Aksoy, Mary Georgy, Richard Hershman, Rong Ji, XiuXia Li, Matthew Hurford, Charalambos Solomides, Wissam Chatila, Victor Kim
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

The mechanisms underlying formation of lung lymphoid follicles (LF) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unknown. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 regulates immune responses in secondary lymphoid structures elsewhere in the body and is highly expressed by Th1 lymphocytes in the airway in COPD. Because chemokine receptors control inflammatory cell homing to inflamed tissue, we reasoned that CXCR3 may contribute to LF formation in COPD.We assessed the expression of CXCR3 and its ligands (IP-10/CXCL10, Mig/CXCL9, and ITAC/CXCL11) by LF cells in never-smokers, smokers without COPD, and subjects with COPD.CXCR3, IP-10, Mig, and ITAC expression were assessed in lung sections from 46 subjects (never-smokers, smokers without COPD [S], and subjects with COPD in GOLD stages 1-4) by immunohistochemistry.CXCR3-expressing T cells (CD8+ or CD4+) and B cells (CD20+) were topographically distributed at the follicle periphery and center, respectively. The percentage of immunohistochemically identified CXCR3+ cells increased progressively while proceeding from S through GOLD 3-4 (P < 0.01 for GOLD 3-4 vs. S). Moreover, the number of CXCR3+ follicular cells correlated inversely with FEV(1) (r = 0.60). The CXCR3 ligands IP-10 and Mig were expressed by several cell types in and around the follicle, including CD68+ dendritic cells/ macrophages, airway epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and T and B cells.These results suggest that LF form in the COPD lung by recruitment and/or retention of CXCR3-expressing T and B lymphocytes, which are attracted to the region through production of CXCR3 ligands IP-10 and Mig by lung structural and follicular cells.
The Outcome of Surgery in Patients More Than 90 Years Old-Reply
Authors: Mark A. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  We agree with Dr Phipps that quality of life is one important determinant of the ultimate utility of medical care. This issue was not addressed in our investigation, not because it was unimportant, but owing to the difficulty of assessing function in a retrospective study where, in many cases, the assessment would have to have been made by surviving family members. Indeed, a prospective study to determine functional outcomes of the very elderly in the perioperative period is currently under way at our institution.  In contrast to the rather pessimistic view expressed by Dr Phipps, however, we do believe that survival without morbidity is a positive goal of medical care. In our report, we determined that both morbidity and mortality were surprisingly low in the immediate postoperative period and that both represented improvements over the figures for elderly patients that were reported by Djokevic and Hedley-Whyte 1 in
Financial Information Project: message for the NHS.
Authors: C A Greenhalgh, J N Todd
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Many consultants believe that the cost of the services that they provide is not their concern.There are, however, an increasing number who accept that they do have a responsibility in the financial management of their unit and who appreciate that if they do not shoulder this particular burden someone else will.The National Health Service can no longer expect growth at the level of the past two decades and all concerned need to ensure that resources are used efficiently.Unfortunately, effective financial management of clinical units requires information on cost that is currently not available.It is possible to identify the cost of some elements of the service, and this is more accurate when the clinical unit or specialty works from a clearly defined ward or group of wards.Even so, some costs-use of operating theatres, outpatients, drugs, laboratory and x ray services-can only be estimated.This does not give confidence to those who are increasingly expected to take part in financial planning.Current advice from the Department of Health and Social Security is that costs should be apportioned to specialties, and this is being done, but this still means estimating the cost of many items."It is, therefore, of little help to the individual clinician, assuming as it does that costs are equal between patients in the same specialty.The even more recent trend towards costing diagnostically related groups of patients is perhaps a step in the right direction.2But the assumption that those in the same diagnostic group consume the same amount of health care resources implies that patients are treated (and therefore resources consumed) according to their diagnosis, regardless of the individual clinical characteristics or treatment.This may be a reasonable assumption for decisions in longer term plans, but in the short term, and in decision making relating to small units, wards, or groups of patients, averaging out is insensitive.So what is it that clinicians need in their role as managers rather than as users of resources ?Information that is pertinent to style of work, treatment procedures, facilities, and resources-not standards, norms, national averages, and the like.A different approach has been suggested by research carried out by the Financial Information Project.The project was set up in 1979 with a specific brief to examine the need for financial information for health care planning and for clinicians in the management and organisation of their units.The initial research showed that the only system capable of providing information to meet the needs expressed by different disciplines and management tiers would mean costing individual patient episodes of care.Specialty costs were noted as a considerable improvement for longer term planning decisions, but for short term decisions at unit, hospital, and ward level the service needs cost data related to location, diagnosis, treatment, consultant, time period, age group, etc.The only means of obtaining all of these
Effects of beta-blockers on survival for patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites
Authors: Gin-Ho Lo
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

I read with interest the article by Serste et al.,1 who showed that beta-blockers are deleterious to the survival of patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. Because the study was performed with two groups of patients with cirrhosis with striking differences in their characteristics, it should be interpreted with caution. As indicated in the editorial by Wong and Salerno,2 the patients on beta-blockers were indeed sicker: they had higher bilirubin levels, lower albumin levels, lower arterial pressures, and lower serum sodium levels, and more patients had hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, and Child-Pugh class C cirrhosis. In addition, the patients receiving beta-blockers were taking them for the prevention of variceal hemorrhaging, but only 4% of the patients not receiving beta-blockers had esophageal varices. I do not know whether the patients received beta-blockers mainly for primary or secondary prevention of variceal bleeding. If patients had episodes of variceal bleeding with concomitant refractory ascites and hepatocellular carcinoma, the outcome was naturally very dismal. Moreover, Serste et al. did not disclose the proportions of (1) hepatitis B patients receiving antiviral treatment, (2) alcoholic patients who were abstinent, and (3) patients whose refractory ascites was managed with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts in the two groups. All these factors may partly influence the outcomes of patients with advanced cirrhosis.3, 4 The causes of death in the two groups were not revealed in detail. As many as 25 patients (17%) died at home of unspecified causes. It is generally believed that the use of beta-blockers is contraindicated in patients with hypotension or bradycardia. However, some patients with hypotension or bradycardia were still enrolled in the beta-blocker group. This appears to be against the principle of using propranolol to prevent gastrointestinal hemorrhaging.5 My group has previously shown that patients receiving medical therapy have improved survival in comparison with those receiving endoscopic ligation to prevent variceal rebleeding.6 For patients with cirrhosis, refractory ascites, and a high risk of variceal bleeding, controlled trials are still required to compare the efficacy and safety of beta-blockers and endoscopic ligation; otherwise, liver transplantation will be needed. Gin-Ho Lo M.D.*, * Department of Medical Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Mercurial Diuretics and Edema
Authors: Richard Gorlin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Diuretic therapy has become a most crucial bulwark in the care and comfort of the patient with edema, and particularly in patients in congestive failure. Proper and effective use has resulted in fewer visits to the physician and in less frequent and shorter periods of hospitalization. Therefore, it seems useful to review certain practical aspects which improve the efficacy of any diuretic program. This report is primarily concerned with the use of organic mercurials because introduction of many new oral diuretics has drawn attention away from those details which make mercurials repeatedly and safely effective; and mercurials rank second only to ethacrynic acid in potency. In so doing, it is hoped that the notion that refractoriness to mercurial diuresis frequently occurs, may in part be dispelled.  Mercurial Diuretics  Organic mercury compounds are believed to inhibit the renal mechanism for reabsorption of chloride anion in the distal tubule and thereby encourage
B-MYB Is Required for Recovery from the DNA Damage–Induced G2 Checkpoint in p53 Mutant Cells
Authors: Mirijam Mannefeld, Elena Klassen, Stefan Gaubatz
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

In response to DNA damage, several signaling pathways that arrest the cell cycle in G(1) and G(2) are activated. The down-regulation of mitotic genes contributes to the stable maintenance of the G(2) arrest. The human LINC or DREAM complex, together with the B-MYB transcription factor, plays an essential role in the expression of G(2)-M genes. Here, we show that DNA damage results in the p53-dependent binding of p130 and E2F4 to LINC and the dissociation of B-MYB from LINC. We find that B-MYB fails to dissociate from LINC in p53 mutant cells, that this contributes to increased G(2)-M gene expression in response to DNA damage in these cells, and, importantly, that B-MYB is required for recovery from the G(2) DNA damage checkpoint in p53-negative cells. Reanalysis of microarray expression data sets revealed that high levels of B-MYB correlate with a p53 mutant status and an advanced tumor stage in primary human breast cancer. Taken together, these data suggest that B-MYB/LINC plays an important role in the DNA damage response downstream of p53.
Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Women
Authors: Huai Yong Cheng
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctor fabricated research while depressed
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A consultant gynaecologist who fabricated research has been reprimanded by the General Medical Council, after a psychiatrist's report indicated that depression had affected his judgment.

Dr Loukas Klentzeris was director of the Cardiff Assisted Reproduction Unit in June 2002 when he submitted an abstract entitled “Correlation between peri-follicular blood flow, as determined by power Doppler and endometrial differentiation in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle” to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

Dr Klentzeris was to present the paper at the organisation's conference in Vienna, but he cancelled the presentation and withdrew …
Obstructive Jaundice And Steroids
Authors: Alfred P. Ingegno
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Loutfi and Grogan report, in the NEGATIVE RESULTS section, (<b>197</b>:48, 1966) clearing of jaundice and fall in blood bilirubin levels in a patient with extensive metastatic disease of the liver who was given large doses of steroid. When the steroid dosage was reduced the bilirubin level rose sharply and the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. At autopsy there was much liver hemorrhage and necrosis along with "massive diffuse replacement by metastatic tumor." Curiously, this paper is titled "Failure of Corticosteroid Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Jaundice." The point has been made in several reports (and my own experience tends to corroborate it) that corticosteroid administration may be helpful in differentiating intrahepatic obstructive jaundice from extrahepatic obstructive jaundice. Loutfi and Grogan's patient had an intrahepatic obstructive jaundice, and bilirubin level fell promptly with steroid administration, which is precisely what usually occurs. The response to this test in
Coincidental Australia Antigenemia in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: WILLIS C. MADDREY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

To investigate the role of the long-incubation hepatitis (SH) virus in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis, we have tested for Australia (Au) antigen and antibody in the serums of 97 patients with the disease. Our techniques included immunodiffusion, immunoelectroosmophoresis, complement fixation, hemagglutination, hemagglutination inhibition, and electron microscopy. Australia antigen was detected in five (5%) of the group—by immunoelectroosmophoresis and complement fixation in one, by complement fixation alone in one, and hemagglutination inhibition alone in three. Of the five Au-positive patients, all had undergone laparotomy, and three had received blood transfusions before serum sampling. Australia antibody in low titer was demonstrated by hemagglutination in 12 (12%) of the group, but this was not considered significant, since neither the incidence nor the titer differed from those in 589 healthy controls. All other tests for Au antigen and antibody showed negative results. We suggest that the SH virus is not implicated in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis and that the occasional occurrence of Au antigen in the serum of such patients is attributable to coincidental, asymptomatic intercurrent infections with the virus.
SOME HINTS FROM THE OLD PHYSICIANS: An Address delivered before the Bradford Medico-Chirurgical Society, October 17th, 1923
Authors: J. A. Lindsay
Journal: BMJ (1923)

Bjmx 1077 interest to observe that the avidity of the tissues for this form of glucose is so pronounced that an overdose of insulin leaves insufficient sugar in the blood for immediate needs.Too little blood sugar is more disastrous than too much; the former immediately produces acute symptoms; the latter is compatible with fair liealth for years.The effect of insulini on ketosis is very marked, for even on a rigid protein and fat diet the diabetic may show no reactioni for diacetic acid in the urine-aiiotlher evidence of the oxidizing power of y glucose.The rise in the respiratory quotient inevitably follows the more comiiplete utilizationi of carbolhydrate.I may remark that while tlle discovery of insulin conm- pletely proves that the cell-islets of the pancreas form an initernal secretion which promotes the assimilation of sugar, it does not prove that all diabetes is due to a palnereatic lesion.The fact that pituitary extract caii anitagoniize iinsulin provides new support for the view that diabetes imiay be due to a more profound and suibtle disturbance of metabolism than a lesion of one glanid.Swale Vincent has reminided us that organotller-apy is ofteni employed without any rational sanction.As he says, it would be difficult to mentioni a drug whlich is clearly anid beyond doubt of value in the treatment of disease and Yet wlhiclh possesses no known pharmaco-dylnamical effects.Yet many of the extracts in common use have niot been slhowni to have any such action.Even some of those which do, caninot be satisfactorily used in substitu-tion therapy.The early triumphs of thyroid medication tended to blind us to the difficulties surrounding the use of other glandular extracts ill therapeutics.Yet the thyroid is exceptional in containing a definite reservoir of secretion and, by virtue of its duct originally opening inito tlhe alimentary canal, retaining the power of having its secretion absorbed by that route.It is perhaps fortunllate that 'imany of tile preparations inl use are inert, for otlherwise damiiage miglit be done.Thus the inijection of secretiin by liberatinig an active pancreatic secretionimay produce digestioln of the initestinie.It is just as well, tlherefore, that organo- theriapy lags behind enidocrinology.But I feel sure that Swale Viincent, wlhile rightly demandinig more exact experi- mental methods in organotherapy, rieaches too agnostic a position, witlh regard to endocriniology.Here the careful stuidy and comparison of abnorinal types by clinical metlhods jaay-be of con)siderable lhelp.To that stuidy I lhope some of the foregoing observationis may conitribuLte.
Concentrations of metals in gastric juice in health and peptic ulcer disease.
Authors: J J Powell, S M Greenfield, R P Thompson
Journal: Gut (1992)

The concentrations of essential metal cations in gastric juice, collected at endoscopy from 17 normal patients and 11 with peptic ulcer disease, were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Mean fasting levels in normal gastric juice were as follows: sodium 47.7 mM, potassium 14.6 mM, calcium 0.8 mM, magnesium 0.36 mM, zinc 13 microM, and copper 1.2 microM: these did not differ significantly in health or disease. Because samples were contaminated with iron, the concentration of this metal was only estimated (ca 3.5 microM in normal subjects), and this secretion could represent a significant proportion of the daily loss of endogenous iron. The pH of gastric juice predicted the concentrations of magnesium and calcium, but not copper or zinc, in the juice. It is concluded that previously reported values for trace metals in gastric juice have been incorrect and that the very low amounts secreted in the gastric juice will not interfere with the absorption of other trace metals from the diet. In contrast, the concentrations of macroelements in gastric juice may be sufficient to stimulate the absorption of trace metals from the gut.
Enhanced Expression of the LDL Receptor Family Member LR11 Increases Migration of Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro
Authors: Yanjuan Zhu, Hideaki Bujo, Hiroyuki Yamazaki, Satoshi Hirayama, Tatsuro Kanaki, Kazuo Takahashi, Manabu Shibasaki, Wolfgang J. Schneider, Yasushi Saito
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — LR11, a member of the LDL receptor family, is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the hyperplastic intima but not media. To further clarify the involvement of LR11 in the process of atherosclerosis, we have characterized the migration and invasion activities of LR11-overexpressing SMCs. Methods and Results — LR11 cDNA was transfected into the rat SMC line A7r5. Compared with mock cells (C-1), in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, the transfected cells (R-1 and R-2) showed 3.5- to 4.0-fold higher expression of LR11 protein, 1.7- to 1.8-fold increased migration, and 2.0- to 2.2-fold elevated invasion activities, respectively. The increases were essentially abolished by the addition of receptor-associated protein, anti-LR11 antibodies, or apolipoprotein E. Immunological analyses showed that urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) levels were increased in LR11-overexpressing cells. Anti–urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and anti-uPAR antibodies reduced the migration and invasion activities of R-1 and R-2 cells to baseline levels. Receptor-associated protein, anti-LR11 antibodies, and apolipoprotein E decreased uPAR expression in the LR11-overexpressing cells by ≈50%. Cellular catabolism of uPAR was significantly decreased in R-1 and R-2 cells compared with control. Cultured SMCs isolated from intima of atherosclerotic rabbit aortas showed increased expression levels of LR11 and uPAR and enhanced migration and invasion compared with SMCs from medial layers. Conclusions — Overexpression of LR11 induces enhanced migration and invasion activities of intimal SMCs in vitro, probably through its regulation of the uPA/uPAR system.
Mutagenicity and metabolism of vinyl chloride and related compounds.
Authors: H Bartsch, C Malaveille, A Barbin, H Bresil, L Tomatis, R Montesano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The various adverse biological effects of vinyl chloride appear to be dependent upon the metabolic conversion of this compound into chemically reactive metabolites. The metabolism of vinyl chloride in mammals and in man, including the formation of monochloroacetic acid and some identified sulfur conjugates is reviewed. Hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases from rats, mice, and humans were equally effective in transforming vinyl chloride into alkylating agents in vitro. Two of the enzyme reaction products, i.e., chloroethylene oxide and 2-chloroacetaldehyde, showed potent genetic activity in microorganisms and Chinese hamster V79 cells. The role of liver microsomal enzymes in the generation of electrophilic mutagenic vinyl chloride metabolites is discussed.
Syndrome of Mineralocorticoid Excess Due to Bilateral Adrenocortical Hyperplasia
Authors: James G. Hilton, Coenraad D. Westermann, Stanley S. Bergen, Richard S. Crampton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE syndrome of hypertension, mild edema, hypernatremia and hypokalemic alkalosis associated with an adrenocortical adenoma secreting excessive amounts of aldosterone was first described by Conn1 in 1955. No signs of Cushing's syndrome were evident, and the excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticoids was normal. When the primary tumor was removed, a prompt remission of all signs and symptoms and apparent cure followed.Since 1955 at least 20 additional cases of adenoma of the adrenal cortex with predominantly mineralocorticoid effects have been described,2 with successful remissions that followed surgical removal of the tumor. One case of the syndrome occurring as a result . . .