tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2702: Sorafenib modulates immune responses in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Roniel Cabrera, Miguel Ararat, Mengde Cao, Yiling Xu, Clive Wasserfall, Todd Brusko, Mark A. Atkinson, Chen Liu, David R. Nelson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background/Aim: We have previously shown that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have impaired immunity. The poor immune reactivity is marked by blunted effector CD4 T cell responses (Teff), elevations in immunosuppressive soluble factors, and an increase of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with enhanced suppression. Presently, sorafenib is the only systemic agent with a proven survival benefit for unresectable HCC. We hypothesize that sorafenib has immune modulatory properties that may partially explain the clinical benefit. In this study, we characterize the effects of sorafenib on the function of CD4 Teffs and Tregs. Methods: PBMC cells isolated from normal healthy controls (NHC), disease controls (DC) and HCC patients were used to isolate CD4+CD25- Teffs and Tregs to use in functional immune assays. The 3H thymidime incorporation and the IFNg ELISpot were used to assess CD4 Teff responses. Results: Sorafenib increased Teff proliferation in HCC patients during dose response cultures. We observed a similar positive effect by sorafenib on Teff IFNg production in HCC patients. The dose related effect of sorafenib on Teff proliferation and INFg production occurred in all three groups – HCC, DC, and NHC. However, Teff responses in HCC patients improved with lower concentrations of sorafenib (0.1uM) while the Teff responses from DC/NHC increased only after the introduction of higher concentrations of sorafenib (0.7uM). Further, while sorafenib improved Teff immune responsiveness in HCC patients in a dose dependent manner (0.1uM to 2 uM), the increase in Teff responsiveness in DC/NHC peaked and leveled off at lower concentrations (0.7 uM). However, sorafenib was unable to abrogate the suppressive properties of autologous HCC derived serum on Teff responses at the dose range studied. Interestingly, sorafenib decreased Treg mediated suppression during suppression assays using Treg:Teff co-cultures at a 1:1 ratio. Conclusion: Sorafenib appears to have a positive modulatory effect on immune responses by enhancing CD4 Teff function and decreasing Treg suppressive function in HCC patients. Studies that investigate new approaches that combine sorafenib with other agents that target inhibitory immune pathways are needed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2702. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2702
Failure of Oral Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Jack M. Wilson, Donald G. Guiney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Several recent studies of patients with granulocytopenia have shown that the prophylactic administration of oral trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is effective in preventing sepsis with Enterobacteriaceae.1 2 3 4 5 However, we have recently seen two patients with acute leukemia and granulocytopenia who received oral TMP-SMX prophylaxis but subsequently had sepsis with Enterobacteriaceae that were resistant to TMP-SMX. In one patient, a transferable plasmid encoding resistance to trimethoprim and sulfonamide was isolated from two different bacterial species. In the other patient, a transferable sulfonamide-resistance plasmid was found together with chromosomally mediated trimethoprim resistance in a single strain.MethodsPatients and Bacterial StrainsThe TMP-SMX-resistant strains were . . .
Hypernatremia Complicating Sodium Sulfate Therapy for Hypercalcemic Crisis
Authors: Bernard A. Heckman, John H. Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

EMERGENCY therapy for the preservation of life is occasionally required in primary hyperpara-thyroidism when acute symptomatic hypercaleemi'a ensues.1 Therapeutic approaches suggested for use in the treatment of hypercalcemic crisis include emergency parathyroidectomy, hemodialysis,2 cortico-steroid administration,3 intravenously administered sodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (EDTA),4 inorganic phosphate,5 sodium citrate,6 sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.7 The purpose of this paper is to record the occurrence of hypematremia developing in the course of therapy of hypercalcemic crisis with sodium sulfate in a patient with a minimally elevated blood urea nitrogen.Case ReportL.S. (904965). a 73-year-old Negro woman, was admitted to the New York Hospital . . .
Letter: Bottle-feeding and tummy-ache in infants.
Authors: D Freed
Journal: BMJ (1976)

work-up before initiating treatment, defines the treatment goals, and improves control.The use of a problem-orientated summary card in addition seems to achieve most of the objectives attempted in the computer-held record system.For research perhaps manual handling of notes is still necessary, but recall of informa- tion is much simplified, as compared with unstructured notes.The problem-orientated record system has the advantage that it is very inexpensive and can be used by both general practices and hospitals which have no access to computers.
Subjective scoring of cough in children: parent-completed vs child-completed diary cards vs an objective method
Authors: AB Chang, RG Newman, JB Carlin, PD Phelan, CF Robertson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Cough is often used as an outcome measure, although the reporting of cough is unreliable. Using a 24 h ambulatory cough meter to measure cough frequency, the aim of this study was to compare: 1) the correlation of child-completed diary cards to the objective measurement, with that of parent-completed diary cards; and 2) the visual analogue scale (VAS) to the verbal category descriptive (VCD) score. The cough meter consisted of a previously validated Holter monitor and a cough processor. Eighty four children (39 with recurrent cough and 45 controls, aged 6-17 yrs) used a cough meter at least once. Thirty three subjects used the cough meter twice. Parents and children completed separate diary cards using the VAS and VCD scores. The strength of the relationship between the subjective scores and the objective recordings was analysed by spearman's rank correlation coefficient. For daytime cough, child-completed diary cards and the VCD correlated better to the objective measurement than parent-completed diary cards and the VAS, respectively. In subjects that used the cough meter twice, the difference between the cough frequency correlated to the difference in the subjective scores. The confidence intervals for the correlation coefficients were wide. The agreement between the objective and subjective presence of daytime cough was good but that for night-time cough was poor. We conclude that the severity of cough defined on diary cards may not represent cough frequency. Objective readings are first choice but currently not yet practical. The verbal category descriptive diary card completed by children and assisted by parents has the highest correlation to cough frequency measured objectively.
The Troubled Transformation of Britain's National Health Service
Authors: Rudolf Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Rudolf Klein on the transformation of Britain's National Health Service. (08:36)Download The author discusses the challenges and controversies surrounding the transformation of the U.K. National Health Service. In the new system, financial incentives and accountability are being introduced to improve efficiency and quality, waiting times for elective procedures are decreasing, and patients are able to choose their providers.
Concurrence of Cystathioninuria, Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Severe Anemia
Authors: Thomas L. Perry, Geoffrey C. Robinson, J. Mavis Teasdale, Shirley Hansen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

CONGENITAL cystathioninuria was first described by Harris et al.1 in 1959, and since then only 3 additional cases of this unusual disorder have been reported.2 3 4 5 6 Each of the 4 patients exhibited a grossly increased urinary excretion of cystathionine, and concentrations of this amino acid were found to be elevated in tissues obtained at autopsy from the original patient.1 , 7 Additional abnormalities have been present in each of the cases reported. Liver biopsies have demonstrated that a deficiency of enzymatic activity of cystathionase and homoserine dehydratase partially blocks the formation of cysteine from cystathionine, and thus causes accumulation of cystathionine in the . . .
Possible role of connective tissue in epidermal neoplasia
Authors: E. MITRANI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Interactions between epidermal cells have been defined within a proposed mathematical model of mammalian skin. Testing the model in a computer suggests that in highly proliferating conditions of the epidermis competition for cell space in the basal layer may be sufficient to generate considerable forces in the papillary dermis. Data shown from human and pig epidermal hyperplasia indicate that basal cells are submitted to considerable lateral forces and that these and not dermal hyperplasia are the forces responsible for the increasingly folded dermo-epidermal junction. When the model was examined in condition of persistently high mitotic rate it was found that it could remain stable only if new connective tissue synthesis was not induced by the developing papillary tension. This complex and counterproductive relationship that may occur between epidermis and dermis and its possible role in the development of neoplasia are discussed.
Effectiveness of Stereoencephalotomy in Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Charles A. Fager
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Observations are reported on a group of 45 patients with Parkinson's disease in whom lesions have been produced in the globus pallidus and thalamocapsular regions by stereotactic methods for the purpose of alleviating tremor and rigidity. These patients underwent 63 operative procedures with the successful completion of 58 such lesions. Twenty-four lesions were so treated with good results. Those which resulted in no significant improvement were largely in patients with faradvanced disease. While surgical lesions in the globus pallidus were successful at times in eliminating rigidity, they did not abolish tremor. Lesions in the region of the ventrolateral thalamus and posterior internal capsule were most effective in controlling both symptoms.
IL28B inhibits hepatitis C virus replication through the JAK–STAT pathway
Authors: Leiliang Zhang, Nikolaus Jilg, Run-Xuan Shao, Wenyu Lin, Dahlene N. Fusco, Hong Zhao, Kaku Goto, Lee F. Peng, Wen-Chi Chen, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
In intermediate-risk acute PE, tenecteplase plus heparin reduced hemodynamic decompensation but increased stroke
Authors: Elie A. Akl, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club16 September 2014In intermediate-risk acute PE, tenecteplase plus heparin reduced hemodynamic decompensation but increased strokeElie A. Akl, MD, MPH, PhD, Gordon H. Guyatt, MD, MScElie A. Akl, MD, MPH, PhDAmerican University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (E.A.A.)Search for more papers by this author, Gordon H. Guyatt, MD, MScMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (G.H.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-6-201409160-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMeyer G, Vicaut E, Danays T, et al; PEITHO investigators. Fibrinolysis for patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1402-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24716681Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Hematology: References1 Sun X, Ioannidis JP, Agoritsas T, Alba AC, Guyatt G. How to use a subgroup analysis: users' guide to the medical literature. JAMA. 2014;311:405-11. [PMID: 24449319] Google Scholar2 Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al; American College of Chest Physicians. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141:e419S-94S. [PMID: 22315268] Google Scholar3 Jiménez D, Aujesky D, Moores L, et al.; RIETE Investigators. Simplification of the pulmonary embolism severity index for prognostication in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1383-9. [PMID: 20696966] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (E.A.A.)McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (G.H.G.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 September 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReview: In pulmonary embolism, thrombolytic therapy reduces all-cause mortality but increases major bleeding Elie A. Akl and Gordon H. Guyatt Metrics 16 September 2014Volume 161, Issue 6Page: JC8KeywordsHemodynamicsHemorrhageHemorrhagic strokeHeparinIschemic strokePatient advocacyPulmonary embolismStrokeSystematic reviews ePublished: 16 September 2014 Issue Published: 16 September 2014 CopyrightCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Measurement of Coronary Sinus Blood Flow by Continuous Thermodilution in Man
Authors: WILLIAM GANZ, KOHJI TAMURA, HAROLD S. MARCUS, ROBERTO DONOSO, SHINJI YOSHIDA, HAROLD J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

A technique was developed for measurement of blood flow in the coronary sinus in man by continuous thermodilution. For single determinations, 5% dextrose at room temperature is injected at a constant rate of 35 ml/min for a period of about 20 sec. In 14 subjects with normal coronary arteries the mean coronary sinus blood flow was 122 ± 25 ml/min (range, 83 to 159 ml/min). The blood flow computed per 100 g of left ventricle was 82 ± 16 ml/min, which is in the range of values obtained by nitrous oxide and coincidence counting methods. In 35 patients with arteriographically confirmed coronary artery disease the mean flow was similar (128 ± 20 ml/min; range, 92 to 167 ml/min). A special catheter was used for simultaneous measurement of blood flow in the coronary sinus and great cardiac vein. In eight normal subjects the mean great cardiac vein flow was 68 ± 11 ml/min (range, 51 to 78 ml/min) or 65 ± 10% of the coronary sinus blood flow. The method allowed continuous measurement of flow over a period of several minutes and, for the first time, measurement of rapid changes in myocardial perfusion.
A phase II multicentre study of irinotecan (CPT 11) in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) in metastatic or locally advanced penile carcinoma (EORTC PROTOCOL 30992)
Authors: C. Theodore, I. Skoneczna, I. Bodrogi, M. Leahy, J.M. Kerst, L. Collette, K. Ven, S. Marréaud, R.D.T. Oliver
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
China in the grip of SARS
Authors: T. Hesketh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

At a press conference on 20 April the Chinese minister of health admitted that there had been failings over the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) epidemic: the situation was more serious than had been admitted previously. Along with the mayor of Beijing he was promptly fired. But the speech had had the desired effect: public health action had finally been galvanised.

   ![][1] 

A dubious measure? 

T HESKETH

I live in Zhejiang, a coastal province halfway between the two Chinese epicentres of the disease, Guangdong and Beijing. Here following the press conference, the government immediately held an emergency meeting. By the next morning a whole raft of measures was in place. All cinemas, theatres, and karaoke bars were closed. All public training courses and meetings and all school outings were cancelled. All buses, trains, taxis, train stations, bus stations, airports were to be disinfected. The May Day holiday was cancelled.

But there was much more: at 7 …

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Active Neck Muscle Training in the Treatment of Chronic Neck Pain in Women
Authors: Jari Ylinen, Esa-Pekka Takala, Matti Nykänen, Arja Häkkinen, Esko Mälkiä, Timo Pohjolainen, Sirkka-Liisa Karppi, Hannu Kautiainen, Olavi Airaksinen
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Active physical training is commonly recommended for patients with chronic neck pain; however, its efficacy has not been demonstrated in randomized studies.To evaluate the efficacy of intensive isometric neck strength training and lighter endurance training of neck muscles on pain and disability in women with chronic, nonspecific neck pain.Examiner-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted between February 2000 and March 2002.Participants were recruited from occupational health care systems in southern and eastern Finland.A total of 180 female office workers between the ages of 25 and 53 years with chronic, nonspecific neck pain.Patients were randomly assigned to either 2 training groups or to a control group, with 60 patients in each group. The endurance training group performed dynamic neck exercises, which included lifting the head up from the supine and prone positions. The strength training group performed high-intensity isometric neck strengthening and stabilization exercises with an elastic band. Both training groups performed dynamic exercises for the shoulders and upper extremities with dumbbells. All groups were advised to do aerobic and stretching exercises regularly 3 times a week.Neck pain and disability were assessed by a visual analog scale, the neck and shoulder pain and disability index, and the Vernon neck disability index. Intermediate outcome measures included mood assessed by a short depression inventory and by maximal isometric neck strength and range of motion measures.At the 12-month follow-up visit, both neck pain and disability had decreased in both training groups compared with the control group (P<.001). Maximal isometric neck strength had improved flexion by 110%, rotation by 76%, and extension by 69% in the strength training group. The respective improvements in the endurance training group were 28%, 29%, and 16% and in the control group were 10%, 10%, and 7%. Range of motion had also improved statistically significantly in both training groups compared with the control group in rotation, but only the strength training group had statistically significant improvements in lateral flexion and in flexion and extension.Both strength and endurance training for 12 months were effective methods for decreasing pain and disability in women with chronic, nonspecific neck pain. Stretching and fitness training are commonly advised for patients with chronic neck pain, but stretching and aerobic exercising alone proved to be a much less effective form of training than strength training.
Selective proximal vagotomy.
Authors: H Burge
Journal: BMJ (1972)

BRiTSH MEDiCAL jouRNAL 19 FEBRuARY 1972 ment and experience of living in other countries for both parents and their children.Good administration, however, should minimize the frequency of such moves.It should be possible to amalgamate the three armed Forces medical services.Most regimental medical officers, naval surgeons in ships, and R.A.F.station medical officers come from the ranks of the medical cadet schemes.There is little shortage of them and they have no established service loyalty.What is needed is careful planning of career structures for permanent medical officers after this stage.In the clinical specialties there should be no problem about complete integration between the three ser- vices with the establishment of a central medical officers' appointments bureau, which would appoint specialists to service hospitals in accordance with their training programme and place on the clinical promotion ladder irrespective of their service branch.In the scientific fields there is little need for purely Navy, Army, or Air Force specialists.All three services fly aeroplanes and their prob- lems in social or environmental medicine are not dissimilar-indeed, the problems of all three services surely would make for a more interesting career than one which was tied to one service.A combined services medical institute could deal with special problems of pure science.Though individual differences in administration exist between the services it would be preposterous to claim that a Navy administrative officer could not also do such work in the Army or Air Force.It seems to me that it would be but a small step to make each service hospital in Britain a part of the general or district hospital facilities of the N.H.S.They could take their turn for emergency intake and become a district general hospital administered by the Ministry of Defence but totally and officially integrated with the National Health Service.
Molecular Characterization May Be of PARAMOUNT Importance
Authors: Kristen R. Dearing, Glen J. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Finally, is the performance status of patients with NSCLC the true predictive factor for survival, regardless of the agent or the line in which it is prescribed?Could immediate maintenance or a proper second-line treatment result in the same outcome after four cycles of induction chemotherapy in patients with performance status 0 to 1 and responding patients?Waiting for the results of ongoing studies (eg, the IUNO trial), the continuous maintenance strategy is a new potential option for patients with good performance status.This should be discussed carefully with patients in light of the small increased toxicity and incremental cost for health services.
[357] THE CHEMOKINE STROMAL CELL-DERIVED FACTOR-1(SDF-1)/CXCL12 STIMULATES HUMAN HEPATOMA CELL GROWTH, MIGRATION AND INVASION
Authors: A. Sutton, V. Friand, S. Brule-Donneger, T. Chaigneau, M. Ziol, P. Nahon, L. Gattegno, N. Charnaux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Cefazolin vs penicillin. Treatment of uncomplicated pneumococcal pneumonia
Authors: S. G. Jenkinson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Cefazolin sodium, 500 mg intramuscularly twice daily, was compared with penicillin G procaine, 600,000 units intramuscularly twice daily, in the treatment of 82 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned except when there was a history of penicillin allergy. The patients received treatment for five days or until they were afebrile for 48 hours. No patients experienced side effects or allergic reactions. All patients recovered satisfactorily without relapses. Cefazolin in the previously described dosage is as effective as penicillin in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia.