tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Saving lives during extreme weather in summer
Authors: L. S Kalkstein
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers p 670

Interest in the impact of weather on human health has grown enormously, largely due to predictions that over the next century temperatures will rise. A report in this week's journal (p 670) indicates that among Europeans any increases in mortality related to heat will be only temporary.1 Other studies, however, in the United States and China have found that there will be a sharp increase in mortality related to heat if the globe warms as expected. 2 3

In some ways the argument is moot because it is clear that heat is already an important killer in many parts of the world. Weather variability, rather than heat intensity, is the most important factor defining human sensitivity to heat.4 People living in areas where summer climates are highly variable are ill adapted to extreme heat, mainly because it occurs irregularly. Thus, there are large increases in mortality when an intense heatwave occurs in temperate cities, such as Chicago, New York, Rome, Shanghai, and Athens. One of the …
Neutrophil adherence induced by lipopolysaccharide in vitro. Role of plasma component interaction with lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: G S Worthen, N Avdi, S Vukajlovich, P S Tobias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Endotoxemia results in neutrophil localization within a number of microcirculatory beds, reflecting in part an adhesive interaction between neutrophils and the vascular endothelial cell. In previous studies, endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of rabbits resulted in neutrophil sequestration at LPS concentrations well below those effective at increasing neutrophil adherence in vitro. We hypothesized that LPS-induced neutrophil adherence involved a plasma component. In the absence of plasma, high concentrations of LPS (10 micrograms/ml) were required to increase human neutrophil adherence to endothelial cells in vitro. With the inclusion of as little as 1% plasma or serum, however, the LPS dose-response curve was markedly shifted, resulting in increments in adherence at 10 ng/ml, and the time course of enhanced adherence was accelerated. Pretreatment studies suggested that the effect of LPS was on the neutrophil rather than the endothelial cell. Immunoprecipitation of 0111:B4 LPS paralleled the loss of functional activity, suggesting that LPS was an integral part of the active complex, rather than altering a plasma component to make it active. The incubation of plasma with LPS decreased the apparent molecular mass of LPS from 500-1,000 kD to approximately 100 kD. The disaggregated 0111:B4 LPS eluted in the range of albumin and was able to increase adherence in the absence of additional plasma. Plasma depleted of lipoproteins or heat treated retained activity, suggesting that the interaction of LPS with HDL or complement did not account for the observed findings. An LPS-binding protein isolated from rabbit serum enhanced the adherence-inducing effects of both 0111:B4 and Re595 LPS. Furthermore, the activity of rabbit serum was abolished after incubation with an antibody directed against this LPS-binding protein (LBP). An antibody directed against CD14, the putative receptor of the LPS-LBP complex, prevented the adhesive response to LPS. These data suggest that LPS is disaggregated by an LBP in serum and plasma to form an active LPS-plasma component complex. This putative complex then interacts with CD14 on the neutrophil so as to induce an adhesive state.
Hyponatraemia after orthopaedic surgery
Authors: N. Lane, K. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Stem cell differentiation requires dramatic changes in gene expression and global remodeling of chromatin architecture. How and when chromatin remodels relative to the transcriptional, behavioral, and morphological changes during differentiation remain unclear, particularly in an intact tissue context. Here, we develop a quantitative pipeline which leverages fluorescently-tagged histones and longitudinal imaging to track large-scale chromatin compaction changes within individual cells in a live mouse. Applying this pipeline to epidermal stem cells, we reveal that cell-to-cell chromatin compaction heterogeneity within the stem cell compartment emerges independent of cell cycle status, and instead is reflective of differentiation status. Chromatin compaction state gradually transitions over days as differentiating cells exit the stem cell compartment. Moreover, establishing live imaging of <i>keratin-10</i> nascent RNA, which marks the onset of stem cell differentiation, we find that <i>keratin-10</i> transcription is highly dynamic and largely precedes the global chromatin compaction changes associated with differentiation. Together, these analyses reveal that stem cell differentiation involves dynamic transcriptional states and gradual chromatin rearrangement.
Persistence of episomal HIV-1 infection intermediates in patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: Mark E. Sharkey, Ian Teo, Thomas Greenough, Natalia Sharova, Katherine Luzuriaga, John L. Sullivan, R. Pat Bucy, Leondios G. Kostrikis, Ashley Haase, Claire Veryard, Raul E. Davaro, Sarah H. Cheeseman, Jennifer S. Daly, Carol Bova, Richard T. Ellison, Brian Mady, Kwan Kew Lai, Graeme Moyle, Mark Nelson, Brian Gazzard, Sunil Shaunak, Mario Stevenson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2000)
Radionuclide Demonstration of Systemic Arterial Supply to the Lung in Takayasu??s Arteritis
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, DAVID HALON, AVI FRONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Takayasu's arteritis may involve branches of the aorta and the pulmonary arteries. The series of studies performed in this patient demonstrates pulmonary involvement with a systemic supply to the lung from the circumflex coronary artery. This anastomotic channel has not, to the authors' knowledge, been previously described in Takayasu's arteritis.
Genetics of the Eighteenth Dynasty-Reply
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  Dr Timmon's elegant ABO/MN analysis appears to me correct. If the mummy now thought to be Tiye does not prove to be A2N or ON, then she probably is not Tutankhamun's mommy's mummy. If she is A2N or ON, she may have been, but so might have been Sitamun. Clear?  That the two mummified fetuses found in one of the chambers of Tutankhamun's tomb were his progeny is disputed. They are also considered to have been put there as ritual objects, symbols to help his rebirth to an afterlife. Unfortunately, they have disappeared and are no longer available for any kind of new examination.  Whether or not Akhnaten, Smenkhkare, or Tutankhamun produced any offspring at all, much less a total of ten daughters, is also disputed. The frescos showing Akhnaten grieving for his daughter Maketaten include a figure holding a baby, sex indeterminate, which suggests to
Controlled delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 using pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-l-histidine hydrogels
Authors: Yi-Fang Zeng, S.-Ja Tseng, Ivan M. Kempson, Shu-Fen Peng, Wen-Teng Wu, Je-Ruei Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Behavioral effects of lead: commonalities between experimental and epidemiologic data.
Authors: D C Rice
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Enormous effort has been focused over the last decade and a half on characterizing the behavioral effects of lead in the developing organism. While age-appropriate standardized measures of intelligence (IQ) have been the dependent variable most often used to assess lead-induced cognitive impairment in epidemiologic studies, researchers have also used a variety of other methods designed to assess specific behavioral processes sensitive to lead. Increased reaction time and poorer performance on vigilance tasks associated with increased lead body burden suggest increased distractibility and short attention span. Assessment of behavior on teachers' rating scales identified increased distractibility, impulsivity, nonpersistence, inability to follow sequences of directions, and inappropriate approach to problems as hallmarks of lead exposure. Robust deficits in learned skills such as reading, spelling, math, and word recognition have also been found. Spatial organizational perception and abilities seem particularly sensitive to lead-induced impairment. Assessment of complex tasks of learning and memory in both rats and monkeys has revealed overall deficits in function over a variety of behavioral tasks. Exploration of behavioral mechanisms responsible for these deficits identified increased distractibility perseveration, inability to inhibit inappropriate responding, and inability to change response strategy as underlying deficits. Thus, there is remarkable congruence between the epidemiologic and experimental literatures with regard to the behavioral processes identified as underlying the deficits inflicted by developmental lead exposure. However, careful behavioral analysis was required from researchers in both fields for such understanding to emerge.
METHOD OF EXPOSING THE GASSERIAN GANGLION: REMOVAL OF THE SUPERIOR MAXILLARY NERVE.
Authors: GWILYM G. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

This patient, about 60 years of age, is brought before you to illustrate certain methods of procedure in operating on the Gasserian ganglion. He was affected with neuralgia confined almost entirely to the superior maxillary nerve. For this condition several operations had been done on the face, but the pain having returned I performed Carnochan's operation on Meckel's ganglion. An opening was made in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, the posterior wall was chiseled through and by means of hooks and curettes the ganglion was broken up and removed as much as possible. He remained free from pain for three or four months and then had a return. The question arose as to whether an attack should be made on the Gasserian ganglion itself or on the superior maxillary nerve within the skull. The removal of the ophthalmic branch with the ganglion is now, I believe, avoided when
NOTE ON HAEMORRHAGIC SPINAL EFFUSIONS
Authors: W. P. S. Branson
Journal: BMJ (1919)

7. Adrenalin Test.-Two drops of the ordinary adrenalin soluition (1 in 1,000) were dropped into the eye iu a few cases.No alteration in the size of the pupil or clhange in thje pulse rate vas observed.It is lhoped to reinvestigate with-various strengtls of adrenialin tllis test, wlhiel miay prove to be a highlly imlportant one.8. Effect on? the Pul.seRate of Deep Pressure on the Eyeball.-Theresult was not constant.-Inone marked case the pulse rate dropped from 130 to 90; in another tlhe pulse died under one's fingers and became quite im- Verceptible; and in yet another the pressure in the pulse seemed to decrease markedly, and the rate fell from 120 to 100.In the normal person the pulse rate is retarded 6 to 10 beats a minute.It is not out of place here to mention tlhat, a short time pleviously to observing tllese cases, Lieutenant W. R.Stuart, I.A.M.C., and I made similar observations on 1.Shortly after having recovered from his attack of typhoid fever he was one of a party. of shearers at P-station.,wheretyphoid fever broke out, and.there were 13 or 14, ases,pimongst his mates, of whom several died.
Seven-point checklist for dermatoscopy: Performance during 10 years of prospective surveillance of patients at increased melanoma risk
Authors: Holger A. Haenssle, Bianca Korpas, Christian Hansen-Hagge, Timo Buhl, Kjell M. Kaune, Albert Rosenberger, Ullrich Krueger, Michael P. Schön, Steffen Emmert
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Enprofylline ‐ Effects of a New Bronchodilating Xanthine Derivative in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: L. C. Laurseni, N. Johannesson, A. Dirkseni, R. Djurup, E. P. Munch, E. Taudorf, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1983)

The bronchodilating effect of two doses of peroral enproffylline was compared with Placebo in 24 asthmatic patients, Enprofylline produced significantly greater bronchodilatation than placebo, A dose of 2 mg/kg b.wt. and 4 mg/kg b.wt. caused a mean maximal increase in FEV 1 of 26% and 35%, respectively. The degree and the incidence of headache and nausea were estimated by means of a scoring system. Dose‐related effects on both parameters observed. Other side effects were negligible. In seven patients the means plasma half‐life of enprofylline was found to be 113 min. It is suggested that enprofylline should be studied further in Patients suffering from obstructive lung disease.
Nocturnal metiamide treatment in the management of healed duodenal ulceration.
Authors: M H Thompson, C W Venables, P A Smith, W Walker
Journal: Gut (1977)

This paper presents the results of a pilot study to investigate whether the administration of a nocturnal dose of metiamide (the first orally active H2 receptor antagonist) would prevent or delay the relapse of duodenal ulceration after initial ulcer healing. Sixteen patients took part in a double-blind trial to compare metiamide (400 mg) with placebo. Endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcer relapses occurred in two out of eight on metiamide and six out of eight on placebo. There was a significant prolongation of remission in those in those on the active drug with an apparent reduction in duodenitis.
Models for analyzing data in initiation-promotion studies.
Authors: C Chen, H Gibb, A Moini
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The objective of this paper is to construct a class of models for analyzing data in initiation-promotion (IP) studies. After the application of an initiator in animals IP studies, histochemical and/or histopathologic criteria are used to define the foci that are postulated to be the origin of tumors. Thus, the dynamics of foci growth are of inherent interest in the study of the mechanism of carcinogenesis. In this paper, models to explain these dynamics are developed and can be used to differentiate among proposed mechanisms of tumor formation and promotion. Examples are given to illustrate useful concepts for analyzing data from IP studies.
A SELF-RETAINING PALATE RETRACTOR
Authors: George D. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This self-retaining instrument is presented in the interest of direct exposure of the rhinopharynx during operative procedure. In the center of the upper member of the Jenning mouth gag there is attached a downwardly projecting pin about one-fourth inch long, mounted on a narrow plate brazed across the curve that forms the bite. A groove is milled in this pin near its end, forming thereby a button-like extremity (Fig. 1<i>A</i>). The small hook on the handle of the author's self-retaining tongue depressor is properly curved and fenestrated to form a palate retractor (Fig. 1<i>B</i>). In the body of the handle is a series of holes (Fig. 1<i>C</i>) drilled 15 degrees from the perpendicular, and of such diameter as to engage in the groove on the pin described above as part of the mouth gag. The palate retractor, when so engaged, is self-retaining by reason of the traction
A Collagen-Remodeling Gene Signature Regulated by TGF-β Signaling Is Associated with Metastasis and Poor Survival in Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dong-Joo Cheon, Yunguang Tong, Myung-Shin Sim, Judy Dering, Dror Berel, Xiaojiang Cui, Jenny Lester, Jessica A. Beach, Mourad Tighiouart, Ann E. Walts, Beth Y. Karlan, Sandra Orsulic
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

To elucidate molecular pathways contributing to metastatic cancer progression and poor clinical outcome in serous ovarian cancer.Poor survival signatures from three different serous ovarian cancer datasets were compared and a common set of genes was identified. The predictive value of this gene signature was validated in independent datasets. The expression of the signature genes was evaluated in primary, metastatic, and/or recurrent cancers using quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. Alterations in gene expression by TGF-β1 and functional consequences of loss of COL11A1 were evaluated using pharmacologic and knockdown approaches, respectively.We identified and validated a 10-gene signature (AEBP1, COL11A1, COL5A1, COL6A2, LOX, POSTN, SNAI2, THBS2, TIMP3, and VCAN) that is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. The signature genes encode extracellular matrix proteins involved in collagen remodeling. Expression of the signature genes is regulated by TGF-β1 signaling and is enriched in metastases in comparison with primary ovarian tumors. We demonstrate that levels of COL11A1, one of the signature genes, continuously increase during ovarian cancer disease progression, with the highest expression in recurrent metastases. Knockdown of COL11A1 decreases in vitro cell migration, invasion, and tumor progression in mice.Our findings suggest that collagen-remodeling genes regulated by TGF-β1 signaling promote metastasis and contribute to poor OS in patients with serous ovarian cancer. Our 10-gene signature has both predictive value and biologic relevance and thus may be useful as a therapeutic target.
Changes in Myocardial Perfusion Correlate With Deterioration of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Chronic Chagas' Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Flávio C. Hiss, Thiago F. Lascala, Benedito C. Maciel, José A. Marin-Neto, Marcus V. Simões
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
English government launches initiative to cut obesity
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Transient changes in the activity of midbrain dopamine neurons encode an error signal that contributes to associative learning. Although considerable attention has been devoted to the mechanisms contributing to phasic increases in dopamine activity, less is known about the origin of the transient cessation in firing accompanying the unexpected loss of a predicted reward. Recent studies suggesting that the lateral habenula (LHb) may contribute to this type of signaling in humans prompted us to evaluate the effects of LHb stimulation on the activity of dopamine and non-dopamine neurons of the anesthetized rat. Single-pulse stimulation of the LHb (0.5 mA, 100 μs) transiently suppressed the activity of 97% of the dopamine neurons recorded in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. The duration of the cessation averaged ∼85 ms and did not differ between the two regions. Identical stimuli transiently excited 52% of the non-dopamine neurons in the ventral midbrain. Electrolytic lesions of the fasciculus retroflexus blocked the effects of LHb stimulation on dopamine neurons. Local application of bicuculline but not the SK-channel blocker apamin attenuated the effects of LHb stimulation on dopamine cells, indicating that the response is mediated by GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors. These data suggest that LHb-induced suppression of dopamine cell activity is mediated indirectly by orthodromic activation of putative GABAergic neurons in the ventral midbrain. The habenulomesencephalic pathway, which is capable of transiently suppressing the activity of dopamine neurons at a population level, may represent an important component of the circuitry involved in encoding reward expectancy.
Hyperviscosity syndrome in IgE myeloma.
Authors: S J Proctor, S L Chawla, A G Bird, J Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

impair mineralisation may limit the hypocalcaemic effect.The ease with which diphosphonates may be used and the absence of appreciable side effects4 make this an attractive treatment not only for immobilisation hypercalcaemia but also for the more commonly observed hypercalciuria and bone loss.We thank Gentili for the clodronate used in these patients.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease 1974
Authors: Ronald G. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An attempt was made in Dr Schlegel's article to update the current thinking about chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. It is likely that this syndrome is an expression of several disease entities, and until the precise molecular defect(s) is identified, it is prudent to discuss the disorder in general terms. It was, of course, impossible for Dr Schlegel to include all available data in such a brief commentary; however, a few points were made that are at variance with the literature. Cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils are discussed in the third paragraph. It appears that the term "lysosomes" is used to encompass all types of neutrophilic cytoplasmic granules. These structures have been divided by Bainton et al<sup>1</sup>into two broad groups and labeled as primary (azurophilic) and secondary (specific). Although both types are membrane-limited, it is somewhat imprecise to classify the latter as lysosomes since they do
The Origin of Chylomicron Phosphatidylcholine in the Rat
Authors: Charles M. Mansbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

This study investigates the pathways of origin of chylomicron phosphatidylcholine (PC) using a lymph- and bile-fistulated rat infused with a stabilized triolein emulsion. [14C-glycerol]PC was used to evaluate chylomicron PC generated by lyso PC acyltransferase. The percentage of chylomicron PC derived from the PC infused was directly proportional to the PC concentration in the infusate. When the infusate PC concentration was 10 mM, essentially all the chylomicron PC was derived therefrom at 4-6 h of infusion. Incorporation of the radiolabel was not found to be as great in the lymph subnatant PC as in chylomicron PC, suggesting that chylomicron and lymph subnatant PC might be supplied from different PC precursor pools.
The Long-Term Course of Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Authors: DAVID S. BALDWIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Clinical, pathologic, and functional observations have been made in 126 patients (89 adults and 37 children) with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 60 of whom were followed for 2 to 15 years. One hundred and seventy-four pathologic specimens were examined in 96 patients. Terminal uremia developed within 6 months in nine patients, in 2 years in one, and in 6 years in another. On long-term follow-up, proteinuria, hypertension, or reduction in filtration rate was seen in one half of the remainder. As glomerular proliferation subsided during the first 3 years, irregular sclerosis of glomeruli developed and was observed in two thirds of the patients during the later years. Glomerular deposition of IgG, usually in a granular pattern, was typically observed during the first year. Thereafter IgG persisted in one half and in linear deposits. This study shows that the features of chronic glomerulonephritis commonly develop in the course of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.
Down-regulation of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 in classical Hodgkin disease but not in lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin disease correlates with immunoglobulin transcription
Authors: Harald Stein, Theresa Marafioti, Hans-Dieter Foss, Helmut Laumen, Michael Hummel, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Thomas Wirth, Gudrun Demel, Brunangelo Falini
Journal: Blood (2001)
Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: James R. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  I am always pleased to find something inThe Journalthat has to do with the head and neck and otolaryngology, as in the Aug 16 issue.  The thing that concerns me in this recent series of articles about head and neck cancer is that the authors are in the process of propagating some old myths that I had hoped were somewhat dispelled. Specifically, the group that you have preparing these articles is perpetrating the myth that essentially the best and only treatment for cancer of the head and neck is radiation therapy in some form or another. While the men you have selected to write these very brief articles are all eminent men in their field, many of them are outspoken in their prejudices against surgery of the head and neck and are biased for radiation therapy for cancer in this same area. For example, in