tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Economic Evaluation of Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion, Dabigatran, and Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sheldon M. Singh, Andrew Micieli, Harindra C. Wijeysundera
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion and novel pharmacological therapies are now available to manage stroke risk in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation; however, the cost-effectiveness of LAA occlusion compared with dabigatran and warfarin in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is unknown. Methods and Results— Cost-utility analysis using a patient-level Markov microsimulation decision analytic model with a lifetime horizon was undertaken to determine the lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of LAA occlusion in relation to dabigatran and warfarin in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke without contraindications to oral anticoagulation. The analysis was performed from the perspective of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, the third-party payer for insured health services in Ontario, Canada. Effectiveness and utility data were obtained from the published literature. Cost data were obtained from the Ontario Drug Benefits Formulary and the Ontario Case Costing Initiative. Warfarin therapy had the lowest discounted quality-adjusted life years at 4.55, followed by dabigatran at 4.64 and LAA occlusion at 4.68. The average discounted lifetime cost was $21 429 for a patient taking warfarin, $25 760 for a patient taking dabigatran, and $27 003 for LAA occlusion. Compared with warfarin, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for LAA occlusion was $41 565. Dabigatran was extendedly dominated. Conclusions— Percutaneous LAA occlusion represents a novel therapy for stroke reduction that is cost-effective compared with warfarin for patients at risk who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Elastography: the First Step towards Virtual Biopsy? Preliminary Results in 49 Patients
Authors: M. Giovannini, L. Hookey, E. Bories, C. Pesenti, G. Monges, J. Delpero
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Corrected by: Endoscopic Ultrasound Elastography: the First Step towards Virtual Biopsy? Preliminary Results in 49 PatientsEndoscopy 2007; 39(03): 257DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966379
Enteral nutrition after surgery
Authors: W. W Souba
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Perioperative nutritional support, whether by the enteral or parenteral route, remains controversial. Its efficacy in many circumstances is unproved and the indications for using it are unclear. Nutritional support can be expensive and is not without complications. Its use must therefore be shown to improve outcome in terms of improved survival, reduced complication rates, decreased hospital stay, or improved quality of life. While several studies have evaluated the use of perioperative parenteral nutrition, few have examined the perioperative role of enteral feeding.

In this issue of the BMJ, Carr et al (p869) report a randomised controlled trial of immediate postoperative enteral feeding in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.1 Twenty eight patients who had undergone elective intestinal resection and …
IMPROVE THE SPECIES.
Authors: H. C. CROWELL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Conforming to established custom, I am expected as your president to deliver an address on this occasion. I shall disappoint, or gratify, you by departing in some essentials from the usual style and character of the address, and content myself by briefly referring to some things which might, in my opinion, profitably occupy the thought of the medical profession. I shall not attempt more than to bring the questions before you, leaving the discussions largely for others who may be so disposed. There are many things practical to us as a profession, people and nation, that might be considered with profit to us collectively, but since it can not benefit any single individual by agitating these questions, it is safe to say they will remain but imperfectly considered. At the recent Hereford Cattle Show, held in Kansas City, with its large number of fine cattle, excellent and perfected in every
Massive Hydrothorax Complicating Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: DAVID A. CORY, BRETT A. STEPHENS, PAUL R. HERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Dyspnea developed in a 74-year-old man with end-stage renal disease 1 year after starting continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Intraperitoneal Tc-99m albumin colloid was used to show communication between the peritoneal cavity and the right pleural space. Massive hydrothorax is a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis that is evaluated readily with radionuclide imaging.
COMBINED PREDICTIVE VALUE OF DEPRESSION AND B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE FOR MORTALITY IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: THE CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STUDY
Authors: Willem J. Kop, Krista C. van den Broek, Christopher R. DeFilippi, Robert H. Christenson, Stephen L. Seliger, John S. Gottdiener
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Antibiotic-Refractory Sinusitis
Authors: Javier Munoz, Philip Kuriakose
Journal: JAMA (2012)

A 64-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH A HISTORY OF CHRONIC SINUSITIS PRESENTS WITH left periorbital swelling and subtle left ptosis (FIGURE 1). His past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. He was treated with amoxicillinclavulanate, 875 mg/125 mg, twice per day for 10 days for presumed sinusitis. He experienced mild temporary improvement. Symptoms recurred within a month, and he was given a second course of amoxicillin. Physical examination reveals worsening left periorbital swelling, unilateral nasal blockade, and persistent subtle left ptosis. The neurological examination results are normal, and ptosis is thought to be secondary to palpebral swelling. Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are absent. Laboratory test results are unremarkable. What Would You Do Next?
THE AGGLUTINATION OF HUMAN RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES BY HORSE SERUM
Authors: HERBERT U. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

This study seemed of interest to us because of the increasing use, frequently intravenous, of horse serum in large doses, chiefly in the form of curative serums for the infections. Agglutination of the red blood corpuscles of animals by the serum of animals of other species has been extensively studied, especially by Bordet. Some observers also allude to the agglutination of human red corpuscles by horse serum. We have tested nineteen specimens of serum and we have found that it frequently agglutinates human red corpuscles in the test tube. Nine of these were normal horse serum, only one of them containing a preservative (phenol [carbolic acid] or a cresol). Ten were antistreptococcus serum, antidysentery serum, anti-pneumococcus serum or the like, purchased in the open market or issued by official laboratories, all presumably produced from the horse and usually containing a preservative. The specimens came from six different localities. Some of
Screening Newborns for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: James F. Bale
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Does a ‘reverse’ atopic march exist?
Authors: G. Barberio, G. B. Pajno, D. Vita, L. Caminiti, G. W. Canonica, G. Passalacqua
Journal: Allergy (2008)

The classical description of the atopic march usually refers to the progression from atopic dermatitis towards asthma, but this pathway has been questioned. We assessed in a prospective observation the possible onset of atopic dermatitis in children with asthma alone at baseline, and evaluated retrospectively their characteristics. Seven hundred and forty‐five children (360 male, 6–9 years of age) with asthma alone, without food allergy or atopic dermatitis, were followed‐up with regular visits for 9 years. 692 children completed the 9‐year observation, and 20% of them were found to have developed atopic dermatitis at 9 years. Comparing retrospectively the children who developed AD with the remaining, no significant difference existed at baseline concerning the demographic characteristics and family history. There was a significantly higher proportion ( χ 2 = 0.01) of subjects with single sensitization to mites and a significantly lower proportion of polysensitized subjects ( χ 2 = 0.01) within the children who developed AD. Sensitization to foods appeared in 9% of children who developed AD and in 3.8% in the other children (NS). According to these observations, the development of a particular allergic disease does not necessarily follow the classical paradigm of the atopic march.
PAIN IN BENIGN ULCERS OF THE ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: ANDREW B. RIVERS
Journal: JAMA (1935)

With the possible exception of some esophageal ulcers, this study deals almost wholly with the experiences of patients harboring peptic ulcers. The symptoms commonly accepted as being diagnostic of peptic ulcer may be experienced by patients who do not have ulcer, and certain intrinsic gastro-intestinal lesions, such as benign tumor or carcinoma, occasionally produce symptoms clinically indistinguishable from peptic lesions. On the other hand, extensive or subacute perforating peptic lesions have often been observed among patients whose histories had lost to an appreciable degree the symptoms previously so characteristic for peptic ulceration. Although there is a fairly consistent reduplication of characteristics in the syndrome of peptic ulcer, there is nevertheless much variability in the symptoms. This variability does not necessarily represent individual responses to the same morbid process, although changes in symptoms can often be noted in the same patients at different stages of the life cycle of the disease.
Application of machine vision to assess involved surface in patients with psoriasis
Authors: L. SAVOLAINEN, J. KONTINEN, J. RÖNING, A. OIKARINEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

An objective method is still lacking in the quantitative assessment of psoriasis severity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether computer image analysis (CIA) by a new colour segmentation method can be used as an objective method of estimating involved surface area in patients with psoriasis. Involved surface area in psoriasis was assessed from colour photographs covering the same areas as the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores of 26 patients by human observers from different medical professional groups and by CIA. The reliability of CIA was tested with reference analysis by colouring manually the involved areas in the images with the aid of projected slides. The surface area estimates by the different methods were compared with each other and the resulting effects on the PASI score were assessed. The agreement between the reference analysis and the image analysis was high, especially on trunk areas, but the cylindrical shape of the limbs resulted in some difficulties in assessing involved skin area. The human eye estimates differed from the image analysis ones in almost one-third of the cases and mostly when psoriasis affected under 30% of the skin surface area. Both over- and underestimates emerged, but overestimates were more common. Error estimates had a significant effect on the PASI score. The CIA method seems to be reliable and practicable in estimating the actual surface of psoriasis. The method has the disadvantage of being time-consuming (photographing, processing of pictures) and technically demanding. Further development of this method should make it faster in the future.
Primary nociceptive afferents mediate the blood flow dysfunction in non-glabrous (hairy) skin of type 2 diabetes: a new model for the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction.
Authors: K B Stansberry, H R Peppard, L M Babyak, G Popp, P M McNitt, A I Vinik
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To test the independent contributions of vascular endothelium, sympathetic activation and inhibition, vessel distensibility, and nociceptor-mediated vasodilation in both glabrous and hairy skin circulations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured blood flow using laser Doppler techniques in 10 people with type 2 diabetes and 10 age- and BMI-matched healthy control subjects at the pulp of the index finger (glabrous skin) and the dorsum of the hand (hairy skin). A 5-min ischemic block of the arm was used to test vascular endothelium. Warming of the probe site to 45 degrees C tested neurogenic vasodilation in hairy skin only. Vessel distensibility was tested by gravitational pressure. RESULTS: Basal blood flow and reactive hyperemia did not differ between groups at either skin site. The vasodilative response to local warming (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and limb lowering (P &amp;lt; 0.05) were significantly different between groups in hairy skin but not in glabrous skin in the absence of objective measured neuropathy. Nociceptor-mediated flow correlated significantly with the warm thermal threshold (r = -0.50, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Endothelial-mediated blood flow correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.76, P &amp;lt; 0.01), LDL cholesterol (r = -0.62, P &amp;lt; 0.001), C-peptide (r = 0.65, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and triglycerides (r = 0.47, P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that neurogenic nociceptor-mediated vasodilation is impaired in subjects with type 2 diabetes when endothelial and sympathetic function are relatively intact. Heat-induced vasodilation may be a specific test of small heat-sensitive C-fiber peripheral neurons and may be an integral part of the metabolic syndrome.
NHS financial crisis is "worst ever," managers warn
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

NHS leaders have warned that the NHS faces a dire financial situation that will risk patient safety and clinical outcomes.

An NHS Confederation survey published on 6 July shows that NHS managers are also worried that patient access will worsen in the coming year and that waiting lists will increase.

The survey of NHS chairs and chief executives, conducted ahead of the NHS Confederation’s annual conference, showed that nearly 90% thought that the financial situation facing their organisation was “the worst …
Adenosine deaminase messenger RNAs in lymphoblast cell lines derived from leukemic patients and patients with hereditary adenosine deaminase deficiency.
Authors: G S Adrian, J J Hutton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Hereditary deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) usually causes profound lymphopenia with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Cells from patients with ADA deficiency contain less than normal, and sometimes undetectable, amounts of ADA catalytic activity and ADA protein. The molecular defects responsible for hereditary ADA deficiency are poorly understood. ADA messenger RNAs and their translation products have been characterized in seven human lymphoblast cell lines derived as follows: GM-130, GM-131, and GM-2184 from normal adults; GM-3043 from a partially ADA deficient, immunocompetent !Kung tribesman; GM-2606 from an ADA deficient, immunodeficient child; CCRF-CEM and HPB-ALL from leukemic children. ADA messenger (m)RNA was present in all lines and was polyadenylated. The ADA synthesized by in vitro translation of mRNA from each line reacted with antisera to normal human ADA and was of normal molecular size. There was no evidence that posttranslational processing of ADA occurred in normal, leukemic, or mutant lymphoblast lines. Relative levels of specific translatable mRNA paralleled levels of ADA protein in extracts of the three normal and two leukemic lines. However, unexpectedly high levels of ADA specific, translatable mRNA were found in the mutant GM-2606 and GM-3043 lines, amounting to three to four times those of the three normal lines. Differences in the amounts of ADA mRNA and rates of ADA synthesis appear to be of primary importance in maintaining the differences in ADA levels among lymphoblast lines with structurally normal ADA. ADA deficiency in at least two mutant cell lines is not caused by deficient levels of translatable mRNA, and unless there is some translational control of this mRNA, the characteristic cellular ADA deficiency is most likely secondary to synthesis and rapid degradation of a defective ADA protein.
Insulin signalling in heart involves insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the JAK 2-growth related pathway
Authors: Licio A. Velloso, Carla R.O. Carvalho, Fernanda A. Rojas, Franco Folli, Mario J.A. Saad
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Hyperinsulinemia is a common feature of obesity and hypertension and may be associated with abnormal metabolism and growth of heart muscle and vascular wall. Most of the known actions of insulin were characterised in muscle, adipose tissue and liver. In this study we investigate the initial steps of insulin signalling in rat heart. Methods: After insulin infusion in the cava vein of male Wistar rats, the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and Janus kinase (JAK) 2 engagement were studied by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot of heart extracts. Results: An insulin load induces rapid autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor which is followed by the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2. The phosphorylation of these early intracellular substrates leads to the association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and subsequent activation of its catalytic p110 subunit. Besides activation of the lipid metabolising enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2 engages the intracellular kinase JAK 2 and induces JAK 2–STAT 1 complex formation. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the early steps of insulin signalling in heart include the phosphorylation–activation of the insulin receptor, engagement of insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2 with the consequent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the involvement of the recently discovered growth related pathway—JAK 2–STAT 1.
Second-Hand Smoke–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis Is Related to the Fas Death Receptor Apoptotic Pathway without Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway Involvement in Rats
Authors: Wei-Wen Kuo, Chieh-Hsi Wu, Shin-Da Lee, James A. Lin, Chia-Yih Chu, Jin-Ming Hwang, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Mu-Hsin Chang, Yu-Lan Yeh, Chau-Jong Wang, Jer-Yuh Liu, Chih-Yang Huang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been epidemiologically linked to heart disease among nonsmokers. However, the molecular mechanism behind the pathogenesis of cardiac disease is unknown. In this study, we found that Wistar rats, exposed to tobacco cigarette smoke at doses of 5, 10, or 15 cigarettes for 30 min twice a day for 1 month, had a dose-dependently reduced heart weight to body weight ratio and enhanced interstitial fibrosis as identified by histopathologic analysis. The mRNA and activity of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2), representing the progress of cardiac remodeling, were also elevated in the heart. In addition, we used reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting to demonstrate significantly increased levels of the apoptotic effecter caspase-3 in treated animal hearts. Dose-dependently elevated mRNA and protein levels of Fas, and promoted apoptotic initiator caspase-8 (active form), a molecule of a death-receptor-dependent pathway, coupled with unaltered or decreased levels of cytosolic cytochrome c and the apoptotic initiator caspase-9 (active form), molecules of mitochondria-dependent pathways, may be indicative of cardiac apoptosis, which is Fas death-receptor apoptotic-signaling dependent, but not mitochondria pathway dependent in rats exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS). With regard to the regulation of survival pathway, using dot blotting, we found cardiac insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor mRNA levels to be significantly increased, indicating that compensative effects of IGF-1 survival signaling could occur. In conclusion, we found that the effects of SHS on cardiomyocyte are mediated by the Fas death-receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway and might be related to the epidemiologic incidence of cardiac disease of SHS-exposed nonsmokers.
Renal failure and cholestatic jaundice as unusual complications of childhood pustular psoriasis
Authors: S.p‐S. Li, W.y‐M. Tang, W‐Y. Lam, S‐N. Wong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is uncommon in children, and serious renal and liver complications arising from GPP are rarely reported. We describe a Chinese boy who had suffered from recurrent exacerbations of GPP from the age of 1 year. He developed IgA nephropathy at the age of 9 years. He also had recurrent episodes of oliguric renal failure, hepatomegaly and cholestasis associated with severe exacerbations of GPP. These complications progressed despite early antibiotics and supportive therapy, but responded promptly to intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Ultimately, acitretin was given and he has successfully been in remission for a year.
Differences in signaling through the B-cell leukemia oncoprotein CRLF2 in response to TSLP and through mutant JAK2
Authors: Diederik van Bodegom, Jun Zhong, Nadja Kopp, Chaitali Dutta, Min-Sik Kim, Liat Bird, Oliver Weigert, Jeffrey Tyner, Akhilesh Pandey, Akinori Yoda, David M. Weinstock
Journal: Blood (2012)