tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SAT0471 Patient -reported outcomes in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: M. Del Grande, C.O. Bingham, L. Christopher-Stine
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The evaluation of the current state and progression of the Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM) should include patient reported outcomes (PRO), as these are objective measures of subjective symptoms, they reflect the disease impact on patient's life, and they can improve and facilitate the communication between health care provider and patient. These measures are widely used and applied in related rheumatic diseases, but they are not extensively utilized during the treatment and surveillance of IIM patients. PROs are increasingly recognized as important to comprehensive evaluation of human health by the WHO and other international and national organizations. <h3>Objectives</h3> To review the known patient reported outcomes and their current application in evaluation of IIM patients and similar neuromuscular diseases with symptoms of muscle weakness. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched MEDLINE and clinical trial registries through September, 2011. Search terms included "myositis", "dermatomyositis", "juvenile dermatomyositis", "polymyositis", "idiopathic inflammatory myopathies", "inclusion body myositis", "immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy", "centronuclear myopathy", "progressive muscular atrophy", "spinal muscular atrophy", "sarcopenia", "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease", "muscular dystrophy", "Duchenne muscular dystrophy", "multiple sclerosis", "myasthenia gravis", "patient related outcome", "patient reported outcome" and "assessment". Non-patient-centered outcomes were excluded. All extrapolated data were categorically tabulated as domain and relevant instrument(s). <h3>Results</h3> In total, 109 articles were reviewed as initially relevant and 36 articles were discarded from according to the exclusion criteria. We discovered that the majority of patient-reported outcomes are generic, non-disease specific instruments. We found only two disease specific instrument for myositis which include the Myositis Activities Profile (MAP) and the IBM Functional Rating Scale (IBMFRS). Domain Instrument "Quality of life" SF-36, CHQ, AIMS-2, NHP, INQoL Patient Global Assessment VAS 10cm scale Physical function HAQ-DI, C-HAQ, HAP, MAP, MACTAR Pain VAS 10 cm or 100mm scale Fatigue MAF, POMS-F <h3>Conclusions</h3> PRO development is a rapidly evolving discipline that requires new scores or validation of the existing scores in specific disease groups. Outcome measures are important as they play an important role in the treat- to- target approach. Only with their use, the evaluation of the efficacy of treatment can become more objective. At this time, these outcomes are used only in clinical trials and for research needs. The majority of the presented scores are lengthy and difficult to use in practical terms. To incorporate and apply these scores in daily clinical practice, it will be imperative to develop a feasible, short, but valid instrument that can be a mandatory part of the patient's standard of care. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Obstetricians Still Wanted: Mothers Should Read the Fine Print
Authors: Philip E. Young
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters7 December 2004Obstetricians Still Wanted: Mothers Should Read the Fine PrintPhilip E. Young, MDPhilip E. Young, MDFrom University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92121.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Harrumph! I am not the program director Dr. Plante cited in her essay on motherhood and medicine (1). However, I am a 63-year-old male obstetrician–gynecologist who spent many years as the residency director of an OB-GYN program at a major teaching institution and who currently serves as the senior partner of an 11-person OB-GYN group (5 men, 6 women). I have also lived through the “before” and “after” of the current revolution in medicine, during which women have become a major force. Given these experiences, I do have a few observations to make.The conundrum of the ...References1. Plante L. Obstetricians wanted: no mothers need apply. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:840-1. [PMID: 15148075] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Diamond JM. Why Is Sex Fun? New York: Basic Books; 1997. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92121. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoObstetricians Wanted: No Mothers Need Apply Lauren Plante Metrics 7 December 2004Volume 141, Issue 11Page: 888KeywordsChildrenConflicts of interestGamesGerm cellsHeartObstetrics and gynecologyPregnancyResidencySexual identityStatistical data ePublished: 7 December 2004 Issue Published: 7 December 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Experiments in continuing medical education merit wider reporting
Authors: S. Savage, R. Savage
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Both Richards's editorial on continuing medical education1 and Towle's article on changes in health care and continuing medical education for the 21st century2 emphasised the importance of self directed learning.12 This can occur only when learners feel confident, supported, and self motivated. Our experience in south London has shown that personal development plans motivate and change clinical practice. Practice development plans share the same strengths …
A Case of Renal Artery Stenosis After Transplantation: Can Losartan Be More Accurate Than Captopril Renography?
Authors: D Fuster, M Paz Marco, F J Setoain, F Oppenheimer, F Lomeña
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Hypertension is a common complication observed after renal transplantation. If the hypertension is of renovascular origin, transluminal angioplasty or surgery of the renal artery stenosis can lead help cure the hypertension. The blood pressure of a 31-year-old man who underwent renal transplantation 2 years earlier gradually increased. Arteriography showed stenosis (>80%) in the two branches of the renal artery. To help confirm the presence of renovascular hypertension, captopril renography was performed but showed no significant changes compared with baseline renography. Renography was performed again after losartan administration and showed impaired renal function. In this case, losartan renography was more useful than captopril in suggesting renovascular hypertension.
Three human chromosomal autoantigens are recognized by sera from patients with anti-centromere antibodies.
Authors: W Earnshaw, B Bordwell, C Marino, N Rothfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We have identified 39 individuals with anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) in our patient population, all of whom have Raynaud's syndrome or disease. We have used sera from the ACA-positive patients and from 123 controls (22 normal individuals and 101 additional patients with either Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome plus an associated connective tissue disease) to screen the proteins of highly purified human (HeLa) mitotic chromosomes by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Three antigens were recognized by the sera from the ACA-positive patients. These were centromere protein (CENP)-B (80,000 mol wt--recognized by all ACA-positive sera), CENP-A (17,000 mol wt--recognized by 38 of 39 ACA-positive sera), and CENP-C (140,000 mol wt--recognized by 37 of 39 ACA-positive sera). None of these antigens were recognized by any of the 123 control sera, although binding was occasionally seen to other chromosomal antigens. Therefore the ACA response is highly uniform in our patient population. Antibody to CENP-B shows a 100% correlation with anti-centromere staining by indirect immunofluorescence.
Vascular Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ulf Landmesser, Roland Merten, Stephan Spiekermann, Karsten Büttner, Helmut Drexler, Burkhard Hornig
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Increased inactivation of nitric oxide by oxygen free radicals contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We therefore determined the activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), the major antioxidant enzyme system of the vessel wall, and its relation to flow-dependent, endothelium-mediated dilation (FDD) in patients with CAD. Methods and Results —SOD isoenzyme activity was determined in coronary arteries from 10 patients with CAD and 10 control subjects. In addition, endothelium-bound EC-SOD activity (eEC-SOD), released by heparin bolus injection, and FDD of the radial artery were measured in 35 patients with CAD and 15 control subjects. FDD, determined by high-resolution ultrasound, was assessed at baseline, after intra-arterial infusion of vitamin C, N -monomethyl- l -arginine, and combination of both. EC-SOD activity in coronary arteries (control subjects: 126±14; CAD: 63±11 U/mg protein; P &lt;0.01) and eEC-SOD activity in vivo (control subjects: 14.5±1.1; CAD: 3.8±1.1 U · mL −1 · min −1 ; P &lt;0.01) were reduced in patients with CAD. Activity of eEC-SOD was positively correlated with FDD ( r =0.47; P &lt;0.01) and negatively with the effect of the antioxidant vitamin C on FDD ( r =−0.59; P &lt;0.01). In young individuals with hypercholesterolemia, however, eEC-SOD activity was increased (21.0±1.2 U · mL −1 · min −1 ; n=10; P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —In patients with CAD, vascular EC-SOD activity is substantially reduced. The close relation between endothelium-bound EC-SOD activity and FDD suggests that reduced EC-SOD activity contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with CAD. In young hypercholesterolemic individuals, however, endothelium-bound EC-SOD activity is increased and may, in part, counteract impairment of endothelial function as the result of increased formation of oxygen free radicals.
US commission recommends increased protection for people in research after reviewing 1940s syphilis study
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues is recommending increased protection for people taking part in research studies after its investigation into experiments conducted during the 1940s in which the US Public Health Service infected people in Guatemala with sexually transmitted infections without their knowledge or consent.

During its investigation, the commission learned there is currently no single database of people involved in federally funded research that is conducted around the world, 

President Barack Obama apologised to the Guatemalan government last October, and directed the commission to investigate the experiment, make a report, and recommend protections for human subjects. The Guatemalan authorities are also conducting their own investigation. The commission will submit its report to the president this month and make recommendations on increased protection for people in research studies by December.

The Guatemala study was discovered by a Wellesley College historian, Susan Reverby, who was conducting research on the Tuskegee experiment in Alabama. In the Tuskegee study, poor black men who had syphilis were followed but not treated …
Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy in Children
Authors: DANIEL K. BLOOMFIELD, JEROME LIEBMAN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

This report describes 27 cases of a clinical cardiomyopathic syndrome in clinically well children. Physical findings regularly observed include an abnormal left ventricular impulse, a prominent X and Y descent in the jugular venous pulse, and a characteristic, acquired, systolic murmur. These are associated with the laboratory findings of an enlarged left ventricle by electrocardiogram and x-ray. This syndrome may be the earliest manifestation of cardiomyopathic states, such as idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy or hypertrophic outflow tract obstruction, which usually appear in the third decade of life and beyond. The frequency of cases found suggests that the latter diseases, which are relatively rare, are possibly only the more malignant representatives of a broad spectrum of cardiomyopathic states.
The role of neutrophil apoptosis in the resolution of acute lung injury in newborn infants
Authors: S Kotecha
Journal: Thorax (2003)

The persistent airway neutrophilia observed in chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) may reflect inappropriate suppression of neutrophil apoptosis.134 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained from 32 infants requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): 13 infants (median gestation 26 weeks, range 23 to 28) subsequently developed CLD (CLD group), and 19 infants (gestation 31 weeks, range 25 to 39) recovered fully (RDS group). A further 73 BAL samples were obtained from 20 infants (median age 2 days, range 1 to 402) receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe respiratory failure.Neutrophil apoptosis was increased in the RDS group (mean (SEM) neutrophil apoptosis on day 7 BAL: RDS 17.0 (8.6)% v CLD 0.7 (0.2)% (p<0.05)). BAL fluid obtained from RDS but not CLD patients was proapoptotic to neutrophils (apoptosis ratio BAL fluid/saline control: day 1, RDS 9.8 (5.5) v CLD 1.2 (0.1) (p<0.05); day 2, RDS 4.32 (2.8) v CLD 0.5 (0.4) (p<0.05)). There were similar findings in the ECMO group: survivors had proapoptotic BAL fluid compared with non-survivors (apoptosis ratio day 1, survivors 7.9 (2.1) v non-survivors 2.1 (0.7) (p<0.05)).Inappropriate suppression of neutrophil apoptosis may be associated with a poor outcome in newborn infants with respiratory failure.
Abstract 3058: Mad1 Serine-214 phosphorylation is essential for the spindle assembly checkpoint
Authors: Chunying Yang, Xiaojing Guo, Jianwei Hao, Haibo Wang, wei zhang, Bo xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which blocks anaphase onset until all chromosomes have bioriented, is one of the key self-monitoring systems of the eukaryotic cell cycle. The mitotic arrest-deficient protein 1 (Mad1), a critical component of the SAC, is hyperphosphorylated in mitosis. However, the kinases responsible for Mad1 phosphorylation and its functional significance are not fully understood. Here we report that Mad1 is phosphorylated on Serine-214 in vivo and in vitro by the ATM kinase, a critical DNA damage response protein also activated in mitosis and required for the SAC. This phosphorylation facilitates the homodimerization of Mad1 and heterodimerzation with Mad2. Cells expressing the mutation of Serine-214 to Alanine show a defective SAC and shorter mitotic timing. Introduction of the Serine-214 to glutamic acid mutant Mad1 partially complements the SAC defect in ATM-deficient cells. Immunofluorescence experiments show that Mad1-Ser214 phosphorylation has a similar localization pattern to ATM Serine-1403 phosphorylation during mitosis. In clinical samples, we find that Mad1 Serine-214 phosphorylation is highly expressed in malignant breast cancer tissues and is significantly correlated with the mitotic index (p&amp;lt;0.001, Pearson Correlation Test), indicating the physiological significance of Mad1 Serine-214 phosphorylation. Together, these findings reveal an important role of ATM-mediated Mad1 phosphorylation in mitosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3058. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3058
TCT-164 Assessment of the efficacy of ex vivo platelet transfusion in the restoration of platelet function in acute coronary syndrome and PCI presenters treated with clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor - The APTITUDE study
Authors: Stephen O'Connor, Réjane Martin, Matheieu Kerneis, Jeremie Abtan, Delphine Brugier, Johanne Silvain, Gilles Montalescot, jean-philippe collet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The First Medical Buildings In the United States
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1967)

ABSTRACT To  Editor:— Recently, some attention has been given to  priority of  first medical school buildings in  United States; however, Surgeons' Hall has been neglected. In  Nov 21, 1966, issue of  Journal, attention is called to  Fairfield Medical Institution. There seems to be no reason for doubting that  building is the oldest extant medical school structure in this country.Shaw, in  Jan 23, 1967, issue (199:282), claims that Holden Chapel at Harvard College rightfully should receive the oldest building kudos.  Harvard Medical School was founded in 1783, and apparently classes were held somewhere in Cambridge, probably in one of  buildings in Harvard Yard. In a book published in 1906 is this statement: The Medical School was in Holden Chapel in  College Yard, where it remained for more than quarter of a century.1  year 1784 is given for
Pollen tetrads in the detection of environmental mutagenesis.
Authors: D L Mulcahy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Although pollen viability promises to be a very sensitive indicator of environmental mutagenesis, its utility in this regard is confounded by the fact that it is influenced also by nonmutagenic environmental stress. However, with appropriately homozygous material, we may discriminate between mutagenic and nonmutagenic influences on pollen viability. Pollen inviability resulting from mutagenesis will exhibit a strong tendency to segregate, whereas stress induced inviability will not. When pollen grains are shed individually, evidence for genetic segregation is often lost, but with pollen in tetrads, this evidence, a specific indicator of environmentally induced mutation, is preserved. A further advantage of pollen in tetrads is that, again because evidence for genetic segregation is preserved, tetrads allow us to distinguish between pre- and postpachytene mutations. This capability eliminates the problem of mutant sectors whereby a single mutational event may give rise to a large number of mutant cells. Methods of examining pollen tetrads are discussed.
The future of primary care nurses and health visitors
Authors: Christopher Derrett, Lydia Burke
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Increasing fragmentation threatens the primary healthcare team 

New policies, new contracts, and financial pressures have altered the roles of primary care nurses and health visitors and their relationship with general practitioners (GPs). How will the primary care trust survive? 

In remote areas of some rich nations (such as rural Australia) highly trained nurses provide the core of primary medical care for adults and children. In many developing nations (such as Bangladesh and China) locally trained nurses tend to work in hospitals and private clinics in towns, whereas health care in rural communities often depends on lay medical aides and occasionally doctors. In the United States nurses manage care for chronic disease.1 

In the United Kingdom, some nurses are employed by independent contractor GPs, while others including health visitors are attached to general practice teams but are paid and managed by primary care organisations. They …
Diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of type 1 diabetes
Authors: S. A. Bowden
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Is still common, despite the consistency of predictive factors worldwide

Despite major advances in the care of diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis remains a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospital admission in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.1 Deaths are mainly caused by cerebral oedema, which is more common in patients who are younger, have new onset diabetes, or have a longer duration of symptoms.1 2 Other possible causes of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetic ketoacidosis include hypokalaemia, pulmonary oedema, cerebral thrombosis or infarction, and rhabdomyolysis.1 2 3 Given these life threatening complications and the healthcare costs associated with hospital admission, prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis should be the primary goal for clinicians.

In the linked systematic review (doi:10.1136/bmj.d4092), Usher-Smith and colleagues looked at 46 studies of more than 24 000 children from 31 countries to identify factors associated with the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of diabetes in children and adolescents.4 The studies span the late 1980s to 2008. The authors …
Tet1 Is Critical for Neuronal Activity-Regulated Gene Expression and Memory Extinction
Authors: Andrii Rudenko, Meelad M. Dawlaty, Jinsoo Seo, Albert W. Cheng, Jia Meng, Thuc Le, Kym F. Faull, Rudolf Jaenisch, Li-Huei Tsai
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Controlling the Spread of HIV/AIDS in the Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Govindasamy Agoramoorthy, Minna J Hsu
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

PLoS Medicine Essay [1] about how the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) review of documents can serve as a source of clinical trials data, but she follows it up with the statement, "However, it is diffi cult to have confi dence in data released by sponsors when the data have not been subjected to external, independent peer review.Furthermore, this information is not integrated with other data, or indexed" [2].While I agree with the second assertion, the fi rst assertion-that the data are not subjected to external, independent peer review-is off the mark.FDA reviews are indeed external and independent to the sponsor.These reviews are conducted not by the sponsors but by physicians and scientists employed by the United States government.True, the data originate with the sponsor.However, once the sponsor submits data to the FDA, a level of rigor and scrutiny is applied to them that is arguably higher than what occurs in the typical journal manuscript review process.First, FDA reviewers typically revisit the original protocol submitted before the study was conducted in order to verify that the sponsor has not engaged in hypothesizing after the results are known ("HARKing") [3].By contrast, journal reviewers typically do not have access to the original protocol.As a result, they must trust that HARKing has not occurred, a dubious assumption in view of recent data [4].Second, FDA statistical reviewers obtain the raw data from the sponsor, and determine whether the sponsor's fi ndings can be replicated.By contrast, journal reviewers typically have access to only the summary statistics reported (perhaps selectively) to them by the authors or the sponsors.Consequently, reviewers can only speculate whether they could replicate the fi ndings.As a result, I believe that the FDA review process warrants a higher level of confi dence than the conventional journal manuscript review process.