tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thromboxane A2 mediates increased pulmonary microvascular permeability following limb ischemia.
Authors: J M Klausner, I S Paterson, G Goldman, L Kobzik, C R Valeri, D Shepro, H B Hechtman
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Lower torso ischemia and reperfusion lead to respiratory dysfunction characterized by pulmonary hypertension and increased lung microvascular permeability. This is associated with lung leukosequestration and thromboxane (TX) generation. This study tests the role of elevated TX levels following muscle ischemia in mediating remote lung injury. Anesthetized sheep prepared with chronic lung lymph fistulae underwent 2 hours of bilateral hind limb tourniquet ischemia. In untreated controls (n = 7), 1 minute after reperfusion there was a transient increase in plasma immunoreactive (i)-TXB2 levels from 211 to 735 pg/ml (p less than 0.05), and at 30 minutes, lung lymph i-TXB2 levels rose from 400 to 1,005 pg/ml (p less than 0.05). At 1 minute, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) increased from 13 to 38 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv) from 7 to 18 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Lung lymph flow (QL) rose from 4.3 to 8.3 ml/30 min (p less than 0.05), the lymph/plasma (L/P) protein ratio was unchanged from 0.6, and the lymph protein clearance increased from 2.6 to 4.6 ml/30 min (p less than 0.05). Two hours after reperfusion, neutrophils were observed sequestered in lung capillaries and proteinaceous exudates were found in alveoli in contrast to sham-operated animals (n = 3). To maximize lung vascular surface area and achieve a pressure independent L/P protein ratio a left atrial balloon was inflated during one group of ischemia-reperfusion experiments (n = 5). This resulted in a baseline rise in MPAP to 20 mm Hg (p less than 0.05); a 4.3-fold increase in QL (p less than 0.05), a decrease in the L/P ratio from 0.70 to 0.28 (p less than 0.05) and a protein reflection coefficient (sigma d) of 0.72. During reperfusion the L/P ratio rose to 0.49 (p less than 0.05) and the sigma d decreased to 0.51 (p less than 0.05), documenting an increase in lung microvascular permeability. In contrast to untreated ischemic controls, inhibition of TX synthetase with OKY 046 (n = 6) reduced plasma i-TXB2 levels to 85 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) but also increased i-6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels to 78 pg/ml relative to 15 pg/ml in untreated controls (p less than 0.05). OKY 046 prevented the increase in MPAP, Pmv, QL, and lymph protein clearance (p less than 0.05). Lung histology was normal in distinction to the leukosequestration in untreated ischemic controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 disrupts neuronal maturation in a model of adult neurogenesis: Implications for neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Leslie Crews, Rebecca Ruf, Christina Patrick, Wilmar Dumaop, Margarita Trejo-Morales, Cristian L Achim, Edward Rockenstein, Eliezer Masliah
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Recent studies suggest that the pathogenic process in neurodegenerative disorders may disrupt mature neuronal circuitries and neurogenesis in the adult brain. Abnormal activation of CDK5 is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, and recently a critical role for CDK5 in adult neurogenesis has been identified. We have developed an in vitro model of abnormal CDK5 activation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and here we used this model to investigate aberrantly phosphorylated downstream targets of CDK5.Abnormal CDK5 activation in an in vitro model of adult neurogenesis results in hyperphosphorylation of collapsin-response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) and impaired neurite outgrowth. Inhibition of CDK5, or expression of a non-phosphorylatable (S522A) CRMP2 construct reduced CRMP2 hyperphosphorylation, and reversed neurite outgrowth deficits. CRMP2 plays a role in microtubule dynamics; therefore we examined the integrity of microtubules in this model using biochemical and electron microscopy techniques. We found that microtubule organization was disrupted under conditions of CDK5 activation. Finally, to study the relevance of these findings to neurogenesis in neurodegenerative conditions associated with HIV infection, we performed immunochemical analyses of the brains of patients with HIV and transgenic mice expressing HIV-gp120 protein. CDK5-mediated CRMP2 phosphorylation was significantly increased in the hippocampus of patients with HIV encephalitis and in gp120 transgenic mice, and this effect was rescued by genetic down-modulation of CDK5 in the mouse model.These results reveal a functional mechanism involving microtubule destabilization through which abnormal CDK5 activation and CRMP2 hyperphosphorylation might contribute to defective neurogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders such as HIV encephalitis.
THE SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE IMMITNOFLUORESCENCE METHOD IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS*
Authors: S. JABLONSKA, T. CHORZELSKI, E. MACIEJOWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Immunofluorescence studies were made in 51 cases of rosacea and 8 cases of telangiectasia of various origins. Immunoglobulins were found—as in LE—at the epidermal-dermal junction in 35 of the cases of rosacea and in all telangiectasias, irrespective of their origin. The need for great caution in the interpretation of biopsy studies of facial lesions is stressed. Detection of immunoglobulins at the epidermal-dermal junction in clinically normal skin is, however, very important for the diagnosis of SLE
Human rabies encephalomyelitis.
Authors: P N Maton, J D Pollard, J N Davis
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Seven weeks after he was bitten on the lip by a puppy in the Gambia a patient showed symptons of rabies. Passive and active immunisation was begun three days after the onset of symptons. The evidence indicated that death was a direct consequence of the central nervous system disease rather than any associated complication. Our inability to alter the course of the illness appreciably emphasises the importance of immediate postexposure immunisation in rabies and draws attention to the present lack of effective means of preventing virus replication within the central nervous system.
Randomized multicenter study of multiple plastic stents vs. covered self-expandable metallic stent in the treatment of biliary stricture in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Carola Haapamäki, Leena Kylänpää, Marianne Udd, Outi Lindström, Juha Grönroos, Arto Saarela, Harri Mustonen, Jorma Halttunen
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The use of covered self-expandable metallic stents (cSEMS) in benign biliary indications is evolving. The aim of the study was to assess the safety and feasibility of cSEMS compared with multiple plastic stents in the treatment of benign biliary stricture (BBS) caused by chronic pancreatitis. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study of 60 patients with BBS caused by chronic pancreatitis. All patients received an initial plastic stent before randomization. At randomization, the stent was replaced either with a single cSEMS or three plastic stents. After 3 months, the position of the cSEMS was checked or another three plastic stents were added. At 6 months after randomization, all stents were removed. Clinical follow-up including abdominal ultrasound and laboratory tests were performed at 6 months and 2 years after stent removal. <b>Results:</b> Two patients dropped out of the cSEMS group before stent removal. In April 2014, the median follow-up was 40 months (range 1 – 66 months). The 2-year, stricture-free success rate was 90 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 72 % – 97 %) in the plastic stent group and 92 % (95 %CI 70 % – 98 %) in the cSEMS group (<i>P</i> = 0.405). There was one late recurrence in the plastic stent group 50 months after stent removal. Stent migration occurred three times (10 %) in the plastic stent group and twice in the cSEMS group (7 %; <i>P</i> = 1.000). <b>Conclusion:</b> A 6-month treatment with either six 10-Fr plastic stents or with one 10-mm cSEMS produced good long-term relief of biliary stricture caused by chronic pancreatitis. Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01085747).
Thermo&amp;ndash;Chemotherapy and Electromotive Drug Administration of Mitomycin C in Superficial Bladder Cancer Eradication
Authors: R. Colombo, R. Colombo, M. Brausi, M. Brausi, L.F. Da Pozzo, L.F. Da Pozzo, A. Salonia, A. Salonia, F. Montorsi, F. Montorsi, V. Scattoni, V. Scattoni, M. Roscigno, M. Roscigno, P. Rigatti, P. Rigatti
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Dietary Protein and Renal Failure
Authors: LESLIE O. SIMPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1984Dietary Protein and Renal FailureLESLIE O. SIMPSON, PH.D.LESLIE O. SIMPSON, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-3-460_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Different concepts of glomerulonephritis, fashionable for differing periods without providing a basis for changing treatment, were discussed recently by Bertan and Remuzzi (1). Because ultra-high-magnification electron microscopy has failed to provide a morphologic basis for the pore theory on which the proposal of "sustained hyperfiltration" is based, it is possible that this will be another temporarily fashionable concept. There are good reasons for Jamison (2) to express "uneasy doubts" concerning dietary protein and progressive renal failure. Despite the grossly nonphysiologic nature of a model involving removal of most of the renal tissues, the idea of haemodynamically mediated...References1. BERTAN T and REMUZZI C. Stagnations and regressions in the treatment of primary glomerulonephritis. Lancet. 1983;2:90-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JAMISON R. Dietary protein, glomerular hyperemia, and progressive renal failure. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:849-51. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BRENNER B, MEYER T, and HOSTETTER T. Dietary protein intake and the progressive nature of kidney disease: the role of haemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular sclerosis in aging, renal ablation, and intrinsic renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:652-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SPRINGBERG P, GARRETT L, THOMPSON A, COLLINS N, LORDON R, and ROBINSON R. Fixed and reproducible orthostatic proteinuria: results of a 20-year follow-up study. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:516-9. LinkGoogle Scholar5. RYTAND D and SPREITER S. Prognosis in postural (orthostatic) proteinuria: forty to fifty-year follow-up of six patients after diagnosis by Thomas Addis. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:618-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HOSTETTER T, RENNKE H, and BRENNER B. The case for intrarenal hypertension in the initiation and progression of diabetic and other glomerulopathies. Am J Med. 1982;72:375-80 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LESLIE O. SIMPSON, PH.D.Affiliations: University of Otago Medical School Dunedin New Zealand PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1984Volume 100, Issue 3Page: 460-460KeywordsElectron microscopyGlomerulonephritisProteinsRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Molecular features of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma unravels potential novel therapeutic targets
Authors: Marion Travert, Yenlin Huang, Laurence de Leval, Nadine Martin-Garcia, Marie-Helene Delfau-Larue, Françoise Berger, Jacques Bosq, Josette Brière, Jean Soulier, Elizabeth MacIntyre, Teresa Marafioti, Aurélien de Reyniès, Philippe Gaulard
Journal: Blood (2012)
Absence of specific IgE antibodies in allergic contact sensitivity to formaldehyde
Authors: S. Lidén, A. Scheynius, T. Fischer, S. G. O. Johansson, M. Ruhnek‐Forsbeck, V. Stejskal
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Immunologic reactions are customarily divided into two broad categories, cell‐mediated and antibody‐mediated. An interplay between these two pathogenetic principles is indicated by reactions such as cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity, late‐phase reaction, and cutaneous lesions indistinguishable from regular allergic contact dermatitis lesions after sensitization with IgE antibodies against certain haptens. In the present study, 23 patients with a history of a positive epicutaneous test to formaldehyde participated. On retest, 15 showed a positive reaction. Eight patients were Phadiatop® positive, indicating an atopic diathesis, and eight had a history of or ongoing atopic dermatitis. On RAST test®, only two, nonatopic patients had specific IgE antibodies to formaldehyde. In the cellular infiltrates of biopsies from epicutaneous test sites, cells reactive with monoclonal antibodies against IgE were found in positive and negative formalin tests, both in atopies and nonatopics, as well as in control biopsies from nonlesional skin. Double immunofluorescence staining experiments showed that IgE occurred on Langerhans' cells. The proportion of IgE‐positive cells correlated to the level of serum IgE, but not to atopy. These cells were also found both in the epidermis and in the dermis in nonatopic patients. ICAM‐1 occurred on keratinocytes in all patient groups. This study does not support the hypothesis that specific IgE antibodies are active in the pathogenesis of contact sensitivity to formaldehyde either in atopic or in nonatopic patients.
Why Kenneth Clarke is unfit to be Tory leader
Authors: Mike Daube
Journal: BMJ (2005)

B enjamin Disraeli, the father of modern Conservatism, wrote, “The first consideration of a minister should be the health of the people.” Now, a prominent candidate for the Conservative Party leadership is Kenneth Clarke, deputy chairman of British American Tobacco (BAT).

BAT is the world's second biggest tobacco company, selling more than 850 billion cigarettes annually. Clarke is a central figure in the company, has been a well paid deputy chairman for seven years, and energetically promotes the company and its products around the world. He has been actively involved in BAT's efforts to undermine the tobacco control work of organisations such as the World Health Organization and the European Union.

He defends his company's activities with lines tobacco manufacturers have used for 50 years: “BAT did not want to sell their products to children and did not aim their products at children.” This lacks credibility in London, let alone in developing countries, where children know little about the dangers of smoking but cannot miss BAT's aggressive advertising.

> If he is elected, companies such as BAT will flourish with access at the highest levels

Clarke even (for an extra £25 000 ($44 035; €36 315)) became …
A piece of my mind. Roe v. Wade
Authors: P. Furth
Journal: JAMA (1989)

She died in my arms. Her blood splattered my white, starched uniform, seeping deeper than the uniform, permeating my body, my soul, my memory. She wouldn't, couldn't answer with what instrument she had inserted, mutilated. Perhaps the proverbial coat hanger? The only history obtainable was that she had been "dumped" just outside the ER at the Los Angeles County Hospital, much too late for any medical help. Chunks of paper-thin bone, macerated tissue protruded from her vagina amidst profuse hemorrhage. Barely audible, her last words were, "Someone's gotta pick up my little girl at school...." The racing pulse became slower... and stopped. Ten years before this night, I too had been young and in terrible trouble. It was before I had even entertained the idea of becoming a physician. I resorted to the only alternative women then had, the equivalent of a "back-alley abortion." In this instance it was an
Regional Alteration of the Transient Outward Current in Human Left Ventricular Septum During Compensated Hypertrophy
Authors: Patrick Bailly, Jean-Pierre Bénitah, Maud Mouchonière, Guy Vassort, Paco Lorente
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background A large calcium-insensitive transient outward current ( I to ) has been recorded in atria, left ventricular (LV) free wall, and right ventricular septal subendocardium of the human heart. Recent studies suggested a major contribution of this current to the electrical heterogeneity of the heart. However, no data have been reported on the distribution of I to density within the LV septal wall from compensated human LV hypertrophy. Methods and Results Microelectrode and patch-clamp techniques were used to record action potentials and I to in myocytes isolated from superficial (&lt;3 mm deep) and deep (3 to 6 mm deep) layers of LV septum from patients with aortic stenosis and compensated LV hypertrophy. Subendocardial specimens were also obtained from undiseased donor hearts. In none of the superficial subendocardial cells from diseased hearts was a macroscopic I to recorded (n=42), whereas in cells from the same location from donor hearts, a typical I to was clearly present, with a peak density of 5.88±0.78 pA/pF at +60 mV (n=4). However, in deep layers from patients with compensated LV hypertrophy, macroscopic I to was present, with a peak density of 10.50±2.58 pA/pF at +60 mV (n=4). The absence of I to in superficial septal cells from hypertrophied hearts was not due to a divalent cation–related shift of the current kinetics. Instead, extracellular Ca 2+ removal induced an I to -like current, possibly carried by K + ions, with a peak density of 30.7±2.6 pA/pF at +60 mV (n=29). However, its magnitude, kinetics, and pharmacological characteristics did not allow identification of this current as the usual I to . Conclusions Both topography and pathology can be major modulating factors of the regional distribution of I to density in human LV septum. Therefore, they may play a prominent role in determining electrical gradients within this region from which the early depolarization vectors start and the left-to-right activation sequence of the interventricular septum proceeds.
US expert calls for NHS to reach "entirely new and better level" of safety
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Donald Berwick will urge the NHS to “bring patient safety and quality to an entirely new and better level” in his forthcoming report to the government. Speaking at the International Forum on Quality & Safety in Healthcare in London on 19 April, he also outlined his personal solutions.

Berwick, former head of Medicare and Medicaid in the United States and co-founder of the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, had been asked by the prime minister to chair an advisory group to advise him on improving the safety of NHS patients.1 

Berwick said that the …
Angiography in Trauma: A Work Atlas
Authors: Robert A. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Dr Ben-Menachem, who has a large experience with angiography in the trauma patient, has written an informative, informal, and oftenamusing book on the subject. It is not a basic angiographic text, nor a technical reference, although basic techniques are mentioned occasionally. Rather, it is a primer on the more common mechanisms of injury and their angiographic manifestations. The book is intended as a reference in trauma angiography and its chapters are organized according to type of injury. Illustrative case material within each chapter demonstrates both the common and unusual types of lesions, as well as pitfalls in angiographic evaluation and diagnosis. Additionally, one chapter deals with the angiographic follow-up of trauma patients and another offers an introduction to interventional techniques for the transcatheter treatment of traumatic hemorrhage. The book does not discuss in any depth the indications for angiography in given clinical situations, nor does it offer guidelines for choosing
The Axon: Structure, Function and Pathophysiology
Authors: Robert Rietz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Sir Andrew Huxley opens<i>The Axon</i>with a brief history of axonology, which explains the steps leading up to the information presented. Following this is the 17-chapter section "The Normal Axon." The chapters are 13- to 36-page monographs on a particular area of axon studies. Individually, they are well done and informative. Nine chapters include summaries, which I found quite helpful. Because of the method of producing the individual chapters, there is redundancy in the book, but in some respects this is useful in that each monograph/chapter contains sufficient information to understand the topic under discussion. The illustrations are outstanding. Line drawings of various anatomical and molecular structures and the reproductions of the electrophysiological studies are camera ready for someone who needs lecture slides. Captions for these illustrations make it almost unnecessary to read the text. However, the text is clearly written and appropriately refers to the illustrations. In addition
Changes in Hemodynamics and Autonomic Nervous Activity in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Differences Between the Pneumoperitoneum and Abdominal Wall-Lifting Method
Authors: N. Uemura, M. Nomura, S. Inoue, J. Endo, S. Kishi, K. Saito, S. Ito, Y. Nakaya
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Intraoperative changes in circulatory hemodynamics and autonomic nervous activity were evaluated in 33 patients with cholelithiasis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and Methods: Of these patients, 18 were treated using a pneumoperitoneum (group G) and 15 using the abdominal wall-lifting method (group WL). Their ECG, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure were monitored. Autonomic nervous function was evaluated by spectral analysis of the heart rate. Results: Mean blood pressure increased significantly in group G during surgery, but did not vary in group WL during any stage of surgery. The high-frequency (HF) power, an index of parasympathetic activity, decreased significantly in group G after pneumoperitoneum. However, the HF power did not decrease significantly in group WL. The LF/HF ratio, an index of sympathetic activity, increased significantly in group G after pneumoperitoneum, but did not vary in group WL. In addition, the incidence of ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias and the severity of the arrhythmias as determined by Lown's classification were higher in group G than in group WL. These findings suggest that intraoperative changes in autonomic nervous activity, due to increased intra-abdominal pressure, were smaller in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the abdominal wall-lifting method than in those undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using pneumoperitoneum. The results also demonstrated that hemodynamic changes were smaller in patients undergoing the abdominal wall-lifting method than in those undergoing pneumoperitoneum. Conclusions: It was concluded that hemodynamics should be carefully monitored during pneumoperitoneum, and that the abdominal wall-lifting approach in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a method worthy of consideration for elderly patients or those with cardiopulmonary complications.
822-5 Impact of radiation dose on outcomes in diabetic patients: Results from the SCRIPPS IV trial
Authors: Paul S Teirstein, Jeffrey Moses, Martin Leon, Michael Collins, Roxanna Mehran, Eve Montang, Manuela Neogota, Huan Giap, Ray Lin, Shirish Jani, Stephen Balter, Jack Dalton, Roberto Lipsztein, Matthew J Price, Prabhakar Tripuraneni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)