tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Body weight and endocrine function in anorexia nervosa.
Authors: A Wakeling, V F de Souza, M B Gore, M Sabur, D Kingstone, M Boss
Journal: BMJ (1978)

consider, however, that the risks of lactic acidosis make the use of phenformin undesirable.Stanozolol on the other hand has been shown to be effective when given alone for periods up to 30 months and it is relatively free from side effects.8We should like to suggest that stanozolol is effective in reversing the deficiency of fibrinolysis found in Behqet's disease and that it deserves further consideration as long-term therapy to prevent the development of potentially serious thrombotic episodes in patients with this condition.
THE MEDICINAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL INFANTILE SYPHILIS.
Authors: CHARLES S. SHAW
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Syphilis is one of that small but happily increasing number of diseases in which special medication can be confidently expected to be followed by certain benefit; its prompt and intelligent treatment, therefore, is of more positive value than is the case in diseases in which the therapy is indefinite, and where remedial agents, especially drugs, are of uncertain action. For clinical purposes the classic division of the disease into three stages is most convenient, though it seems to me the belief of Hutchinson, that syphilis is a true exanthem, running a definite and limited course, is the proper conception of the disease. Under this hypothesis the interval between the initial sore and the appearance of the constitutional symptoms is the period of incubation, the secondary stage is the time of active manifestation of the disease, and the third or tertiary stage is in truth the appearance of sequelæ, and is
Medicare Coverage of ICDs
Authors: Mark B McClellan, Sean R Tunis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The results of the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT), reported in this issue of the Journal (pages 225–237), show that there are likely to be expanded clinical indications for the use of an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) in the prevention of sudden death from cardiac causes. Medicare beneficiaries currently account for 80 percent of such deaths in the United States, and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is poised to expand its ICD coverage substantially to reflect the results of this trial. Through this policy decision, CMS will also support the development of further evidence to . . .
Report of the Joint ISFC/WHO Task Force on Coronary Angioplasty. The International Society and Federation of Cardiology and the World Health Organization.
Authors: M G Bourassa, E L Alderman, M Bertrand, L de la Fuente, A Gratsianski, M Kaltenbach, S B King, M Nobuyoshi, P Romaniuk, T J Ryan
Journal: Circulation (1988)
TCT-199 Safety and efficacy of a novel drug-eluting stent with a bioresorbable polymer in a real life cohort
Authors: Samer Mansour, Gabrielle Guilbert-Vandal, Marie-Jeanne Bertrand, Remi Kouz, Louis-Mathieu Stevens, Nicolas Noiseux, Andre Kokis, François Gobeil
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
One’s own medicine
Authors: David Crampsey
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The operation itself was uneventful. I went to theatre at 10 am and was home at 5 pm, having had a tonsillectomy. The day unit sister promised to telephone me on the following two mornings. When she did I proudly told her that I was fine.

As an ENT registrar, I would blithely tell tonsillectomy patients on the postoperative ward round that they should “eat and drink normally.” Gone are the days of taking only jelly and ice cream.

Early on the third postoperative day, I decided to follow my own advice. On went …
REVIEW OF THE PRESENT STATUS OF JONNESCO'S OPERATION.
Authors: MARCEL HARTWIG
Journal: JAMA (1900)

all of whom were in good health.The man had been suffering for five years from recurring attacks of gastric pain and vomiting.After stopping work and abstain- ing from all but small quantities of predigested milk and other liquid foods for a few weeks, his vomiting ceased, and he rapidly gained strength and returned to work.This happened several times and each succeed- ing attack was more severe than the former until finally, before I saw him, he had not been at work for four months.Owing to circumstances which prevented me being in my office when the patient first called, Drs.Stockton and Woehert very kindly examined him for me.He complained of weakness, loss of flesh, poor ap- petite, pain in the epigastrium, eructations and vomit- ing, lie was constipated most of the time, but occa- sionally had attacks of diarrhea.His skin was sodden; his urine amounted to 864 c.c. in 24 hours, and the urea to 16.4.1 grams; there was a trace of albumin, but no sugar and no indican; the acidity was normal and the microscopic examination negative.The thoracic or- gans were normal, though the pulse was weak and the capillary circulation poor.The first examination of the stomach showed moderate gastric stasis but no marked stagnation.The total acidity was 56; the free hydrochloric acid registered .12 per cent.; no lactic acid was found.On October 5, I examined the stomach before breakfast and found a lot of the food eaten the night before-the odor of which was not offensive though the mass was somewhat yeasty.Free hydrochloric acid was present; lactic acid was ab- sent; butyric and acetic acids were present; hernialbu- moses and peptone were present in large quantities; rennet ferment was active; starches were not digested.Microscopically, a goodly number of large long bacilli and strings of cocci were found but no Oppler-Boas bacilli were discovered.Subsequent examinations re- vealed similar motor, chemical and microscopic condi-
Nitric Oxide as a Mediator of Relaxation of the Corpus Cavernosum in Response to Nonadrenergic, Noncholinergic Neurotransmission
Authors: Jacob Rajfer, William J. Aronson, Peggy A. Bush, Frederick J. Dorey, Louis J. Ignarro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Nitric oxide has been identified as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor in blood vessels. We tried to determine whether it is involved in the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum that allows penile erection. The relaxation of this smooth muscle is known to occur in response to stimulation by nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons.We studied strips of corpus cavernosum tissue obtained from 21 men in whom penile prostheses were inserted because of impotence. The mounted smooth-muscle specimens were pretreated with guanethidine and atropine and submaximally contracted with phenylephrine. We then studied the smooth-muscle relaxant responses to stimulation by an electrical field and to nitric oxide.Electrical-field stimulation caused a marked, transient, frequency-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum that was inhibited in the presence of N-nitro-L-arginine and N-amino-L-arginine, which selectively inhibit the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine. The addition of excess L-arginine, but not D-arginine, largely reversed these inhibitory effects. The specific liberation of nitric oxide (by S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) caused rapid, complete, and concentration-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. The relaxation caused by either electrical stimulation or nitric oxide was enhanced by a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) phosphodiesterase (M&B 22,948). Relaxation was inhibited by methylene blue, which inhibits cyclic GMP synthesis.Our findings support the hypothesis that nitric oxide is involved in the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmission that leads to the smooth-muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum that permits penile erection. Defects in this pathway may cause some forms of impotence.
Primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: Clinical features and response to therapy
Authors: Olivier Chazouillères, Dominique Wendum, Lawrence Serfaty, Sarah Montembault, Olivier Rosmorduc, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The association of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is thought to be rare, and its optimal treatment is unknown. Of 130 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of PBC, we identified 12 cases (9.2%) of overlap syndrome (10 females, 2 males; median age, 50 years) strictly defined by the presence of at least two of the three recognized biochemical, serological, and histological criteria of each disease. One patient had initially pure PBC and developed AIH characterized by a flare of alanine transaminase (ALT) (1,330 IU/L; N < 35), elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) (42 g/L; N < 14.0), and presence of anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) after 20 months of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy. A complete clinical and biochemical remission was achieved under combination of corticosteroids and UDCA. Eleven patients had features of both diseases at presentation: high serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) (median: 280 IU/L; N < 100), ALT (140 IU/L), and IgG (30.8 g/L), presence of mitochondrial antibodies (n = 9) or ASMA (n = 9), florid bile duct lesions (n = 8), and moderate or severe periportal or periseptal lymphocytic piecemeal necrosis (n = 11). UDCA (13-15 mg/kg/d) given alone in 5 patients induced a significant decrease in biochemical cholestasis but not in ALT levels, and liver fibrosis progressed in 3 patients. Corticosteroids given alone in 6 patients induced a significant decrease in ALT, IgG, and AP levels, but none had a biochemical normalization. The patients with persistently abnormal liver tests under either UDCA or corticosteroids received both UDCA and corticosteroids. A further marked biochemical improvement was observed, and all patients became asymptomatic. We conclude that, in patients with PBC: 1) overlap syndrome with AIH is not rare; 2) flares of AIH may occur either spontaneously or under UDCA; and 3) combination of UDCA and corticosteroids is required in most patients to obtain a complete biochemical response. Overlap syndrome may represent an important and unrecognized cause of resistance to UDCA in patients with PBC.
Localization of Vessels For Dialysis Cannulation
Authors: James A. Tremann
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor:—  The placement of cannulas (Quinton-Scribner) for hemodialysis in most cases is a simple procedure. However, with the patient who has had numerous cannulations, the job can become frustrating and time consuming for the surgeon who must wander aimlessly through the subcutaneous tissue or deeper muscles for a suitable vessel. This is particularly true for when he is trying to find a vein, which cannot be identified by palpation, as can an artery.  With the use of the transcutaneous ultrasonic velocity detector (Doppler), which is being used with increasing frequency in the diagnosis of occlusive vascular disease,1,2the vein and artery may be localized prior to an incision. The vein is easily identified by its characteristic wind-storm, sound and the artery by its louder, pulsatile sound. One may become familiar with these sounds by placing the probe in the femoral triangle and listening to the vein and
Training of overseas qualified doctors in Britain
Authors: C. Holcombe, D. K Watters
Journal: BMJ (1995)

165 mg daily after myocardial infarction in the diabetic subgroup."2Strong evidence therefore exists for treating with aspirin any diabetic patient with a history of thrombotic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, myocardial infarction, or angina, provided that there are no contraindications.It would also be valid to consider starting such treatment for any diabetic patient without known macrovascular disease, but who is at a similarly high level of risk (cardiovascular mortality exceeding 40-50 per 1000 person years) because of other reasons, such as microalbuminuria, age, or standard cardiovascular risk factors.A primary prevention trial of aspirin in diabetic micro- albuminuric patients is urgently needed.
Unusual childhood extramedullary hematologic malignancy with natural killer cell properties that contains tropomyosin 4–anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene fusion
Authors: Sandra J. Meech, Loris McGavran, Lorrie F. Odom, Xiayuan Liang, Lynne Meltesen, Jacob Gump, Qi Wei, Soren Carlsen, Stephen P. Hunger
Journal: Blood (2001)
PWE-168 Palliative resection for advanced gastric and junctional adenocarcinoma (AGJA): which patients will benefit from surgery?
Authors: G Piessen, W B Robb, M Messager, J H Lefevre, V Pichot-Delhaye, A Souadka, C Mariette
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Whereas palliative chemotherapy offers median survival of 10 months in AGJA, the survival impact of associated primary tumour resection is controversial. The objective of this study was to identify which patients with AGJA will benefit from palliative resection. <h3>Methods</h3> Among 3202 patients with GJA registered in 19 French centres between January 1997 and January 2010 and scheduled for surgery, 677 benefited from palliative tumoural resection. Patients9 characteristics were compared between palliative and curative groups. In the palliative group, prognostic factors were identified and the impact of each combination of these factors on survival was studied. <h3>Results</h3> Median survival of AGJA patients resected with a palliative intent (n=677) was longer than in non-resected patients (n=532) (12.9 vs 8.5 months, p&lt;0.001). Among resected patients, surgery was defined as palliative due to metastasis (n=150, 5.6%), localised (n=122, 4.6%) or diffuse (n=62, 2.3%) peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), or incomplete tumoural resection (n=343, 12.8%). Overall median survival was 30.0 months, significantly shorter after palliative than curative resection (11.9 vs 48.2 months, p&lt;0.001). Predictors of postoperative mortality were ASA score III–IV (p&lt;0.001) and palliative resection (p=0.020), justifying palliative resection only in ASA I–II patients. Independent prognostic factors in the palliative group were solid organ metastasis (p=0.009), localised PC (p=0.004), diffuse PC (p=0.046) and signet ring cell histology (SRC) (p=0.020). In ASA I–II patients, patients with diffuse PC, metastasis combined with PC or localised PC of SRC had median survivals from 1.3 to 9.3 months. Patients with incomplete resection without metastasis or PC, organ metastasis without PC, or localised PC without SRC had median survival from 12.0 to 18.3 months. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In AGJA, only ASA I–II patients, presenting with limited tumoural extension will benefit from palliative resection in combination with chemotherapy. Other clinical presentations have to be enrolled in exclusive palliative chemotherapy programs. <h3>Clinical trial registration number</h3> Clinical Trial.gov identifier NCT01249859. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
A New Rapid Clinical Test for Proteinuria
Authors: Jack R. Leonards
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

AT present a wide variety of relatively simple tests areavailable for the detection of protein in urine. These tests are all based on the precipitation of the protein by a variety of agents, including heat, nitric acid, sulfosalicylic acid, picric acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid and magnesium sulfate. An estimation of the concentration of protein is usually made by evaluation of the amount of precipitate formed and is expressed in terms of + to + + + +. Standards have been described1 with which one might compare the turbidity of the protein precipitate of an unknown urine to determine the protein . . .
Abstract B15: Unveiling the mechanism of ovarian cancer dissemination through a comparative study among primary tumors, ascites and metastases
Authors: Lucia Lanau, Marina Rigau, Blanca Majem, Tatiana Altadill, Josep Castellví, José-Luis Sánchez-Iglesias, Assumpció Pérez-Benavente, Silvia Cabrera, Angel García, Jordi Xercavins, Josep-Maria Del Campo, Antonio Gil-Moreno, Anna Ruiz, Jaume Reventós, Marta Llauradó
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction &amp; Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth cause of cancer deaths in women in the western world. Largely asymptomatic, OC is frequently detected at late stage (75-80%). Five-year survival rate for women with advanced stage disease is less than 20%, while the cure rate is almost 90% when are diagnosed at early stages. Epithelial OC metastasizes by direct extension from the ovary seeding the cells into the peritoneal wall and to neighbouring organs. Our aim is to study the OC dissemination comparing human paired ovarian primary tumors, ascites and metastases. Material &amp; Methods: Fresh ovarian primary tumor, ascites and peritoneal metastases from patients suffering advanced serous OC were collected at the surgery room and processed for further analysis. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were collected from the Pathology Department for further immunohistochemical analysis. Discovery phase: We determined the global gene expression profile of 5 fresh-paired samples (primary tumor, ascites and metastases) by microarray analysis. Validation phase: We analysed mRNA and protein levels from 10 unpaired fresh samples by RTqPCR and Western-blot, respectively. We further evaluated protein expression by immunohistochemistry from 10-paired tumor and metastasis FFPE-samples. Results: GREM1 was shown to be upregulated in metastases versus ascites and in metastases versus primary tumors. FABP4 and INHBA were significantly overexpressed in metastases when compared to primary tumors. INHBA and FABP4 were validated at RNA and protein level, whereas GREM1 only at RNA level. Conclusions: The present study highlights the role of previously unknown candidates in OC dissemination that might be used as tumor biomarkers, to clinically monitor the progression of the disease, or as target therapies, to block the OC dissemination. Citation Format: Lucia Lanau, Marina Rigau, Blanca Majem, Tatiana Altadill, Josep Castellví, José-Luis Sánchez-Iglesias, Assumpció Pérez-Benavente, Silvia Cabrera, Angel García, Jordi Xercavins, Josep-Maria Del Campo, Antonio Gil-Moreno, Anna Ruiz, Jaume Reventós, Marta Llauradó. Unveiling the mechanism of ovarian cancer dissemination through a comparative study among primary tumors, ascites and metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B15.
Current Respiratory Care
Authors: Valentine T. Popa
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This recently contributed new book on respiratory care has 24 chapters divided into six sections: instrumentation, new diagnostic techniques, clinical topics, therapeutic agents, nursing care, and advances on the horizon. According to the preface, the goal was to "bridge the knowledge gap and update recent advances for the various members of the respiratory team (physicians, therapists, nurses)." Unfortunately, the authors have tried hard to achieve this highly questionable goal. From the physician's point of view, this book is a mixture of elementary information (eg, the definition of the motor unit) and cookbook approach of respiratory care. Only a few chapters may be of limited usefulness: mechanical ventilation, gas delivery systems, tracheal stenosis, positive-pressure breathing, and methylxanthines. The references are adequate. One may wonder, however, if they are not too sophisticated for readers supposedly interested in only the basic aspects of respiratory care. The diagrams of various instruments and artificial ventilation
Kosovans should not be sent home before mental health needs are assessed
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Home Office should assess the mental health needs of people who fled to England from the conflict in Kosovo before deciding whether to repatriate them because services are inadequate to treat them appropriately if they return home, a report has warned.

The report, Mental Health Services in Kosovo , was compiled because increasing numbers of people who left Kosovo during the campaign of “ethnic cleansing” in the late 1990s have been told by the Home Office to return. The Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture, a charity that works with survivors of torture and organised violence, was concerned to …
How to Secure Reliable Drugs
Authors: Oliver H. Howe
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The recent article by M. I. Wilbert on "Carelessness in Pharmacy.as a Reason for a Restricted Materia Medica" (The Journal, July 19, 1913, p. 189), very truly sets forth the complications and drawbacks incidental to the evolution of the modern drug-store. As a general emporium for all sorts of small wares and ready-made medicines, for confectionery, cigars and fancy articles, it may be a social necessity as stated, and undoubtedly is so. With the further elaborations of the soda-fountain, the tables for ice-cream customers and the great amount of profit secured along these lines, it is no wonder that the careful compounding of pure drugs should be the smallest element in the business and consequently become neglected. Mr. Wilbert in his article suggests reform of the drug-store, but specifies shops devoid of "side lines" and equipped with the necessary analytical apparatus. A few such shops still exist
Spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated (NK cell) cytotoxicity in systemic sclerosis: a comparison with antibody-dependent lymphocyte (K cell) cytotoxicity.
Authors: J K Wright, P Hughes, N R Rowell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Spontaneous (NK cell) and antibody-dependent (K cell) cytotoxicity were investigated in 39 patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) and compared with that found in 52 normal controls. Cr-labelled Chang liver cells were used as targets in assays utilising both whole blood (WB) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) as effectors. Patients with SS, who were severely affected by extensive visceral disease, were found to have significant impairment of both NK (p less than 0.005; p less than 0.05) and K (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.05) cell cytotoxicity by both effector systems, when compared with normal controls. These findings, which seem to be part of a wider defect in cell-mediated immunity, may provide a possible explanation for the described association of malignancy with systemic sclerosis.
Tscherning's New Theory of Accommodation.
Authors: Jno. McReynolds
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Paris, Feb. 22, 1894. <h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —I have been told by Dr. Javal and others that Tscherning's theory of accommodation has not yet been published in the English language, inasmuch as it has just appeared for the first time in the<i>Archives de Physiologie</i>, published in Paris. I therefore thought that it might be of interest to the medical profession in America. I shall not undertake to give a complete exposition of this theory, but only a brief resumé of its most important features. I will say, however, that the conclusions to which Dr. Tscherning has arrived have been the outgrowth of a vast deal of very careful study in the laboratory of Javal in the Sorbonne, and from my limited personal acquaintance with him I would judge that his inquiries have been conducted in the proper spirit of scientific investigation. His numerous experiments on the lower animals and his
Efficacy of Low Oral Doses of Iodized Oil in the Control of Iodine Deficiency in Zaire
Authors: Rene Tonglet, Pierre Bourdoux, Tshilembi Minga, Andre-Marie Ermans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

About one billion people world-wide are at risk for iodine deficiency. Despite existing programs of prophylaxis, the prevention of iodine deficiency is still a challenge throughout the developing world. We studied the efficacy of low doses of iodized oil in an area of severe iodine deficiency in Zaire.