tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term Effects of Therapy with Ranibizumab on Diabetic Retinopathy Severity and Baseline Risk Factors for Worsening Retinopathy
Authors: Michael S. Ip, Amitha Domalpally, Jennifer K. Sun, Jason S. Ehrlich
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)

To assess the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab on diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity when administered for up to 3 years, evaluate the effect of delayed initiation of ranibizumab therapy on DR severity, and identify baseline patient characteristics associated with the development of proliferative DR (PDR).Exploratory analyses of phase III, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled multicenter clinical trials.Adults with diabetic macular edema (DME) (N = 759), baseline best-corrected visual acuity 20/40 to 20/320 Snellen equivalent, and central foveal thickness ≥275 μm.Patients were randomized to monthly 0.3 or 0.5 mg ranibizumab or sham injections. Sham participants could switch to 0.5 mg ranibizumab during the third year (sham/0.5 mg crossover). Baseline risk factors were evaluated to explore potential associations with development of PDR. Time to first development of PDR was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methods to calculate cumulative probabilities by group.Study eye change on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study severity scale and a composite clinical outcome evaluating progression to PDR based on photographic changes plus clinically important events defining PDR.At month 36, a greater proportion of ranibizumab-treated eyes had ≥2- or ≥3-step DR improvement compared with sham/0.5 mg crossover. A ≥3-step improvement was achieved at 36 months by 3.3%, 15.0%, and 13.2% of sham/0.5 mg, 0.3 mg, and 0.5 mg ranibizumab-treated eyes, respectively (P < 0.0001). Through 36 months, 39.1% of eyes in the sham/0.5 mg group developed PDR, as measured by composite outcome, compared with 18.3% and 17.1% of eyes treated with 0.3 or 0.5 mg ranibizumab, respectively. The presence of macular capillary nonperfusion at baseline seems to be associated with progression to PDR in ranibizumab-treated eyes but did not meaningfully influence visual acuity improvement in eyes with DME after ranibizumab therapy.Ranibizumab, as administered to patients with DME for 12 to 36 months in these studies, can both improve DR severity and prevent worsening. Prolonged delays in initiation of ranibizumab therapy may limit this therapeutic effect. Although uncommon, the development of PDR still occurs in a small percentage of eyes undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and may be related to the presence of macular nonperfusion.
IgA Antibody to Spermatozoa in Seminal and Prostatic Fluids of a Subfertile Man
Authors: Steven S. Witkin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

the mechanism of spontaneous sperm agglutination in the ejaculate of a subfertile man was investigated. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays it was found that the patient's spermatozoa had a mean of 2.3 times more IgA bound to it than did spermatozoa from fertile men. IgA antibody to spermatozoa was also found in the patient's seminal fluid and prostatic fluid, but not in his serum. In this patient it appeared that agglutination was due to an IgA antibody to spermatozoa that was produced locally within the genital tract.
The additional values of microarray allergen assay in the management of polysensitized patients with respiratory allergy
Authors: G. Passalacqua, G. Melioli, F. Bonifazi, S. Bonini, E. Maggi, G. Senna, M. Triggiani, E. Nettis, R. E. Rossi, A. Vacca, G. W. Canonica
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Background The IgE response is directed against specific components from an allergenic source. The traditional diagnostic methods use whole extracts, containing allergenic, nonallergenic and cross-reactive molecules. This may pose diagnostic challenges in polysensitized patients. Microarray techniques detect specific IgE against multiple molecules, but their value in term of additional information and economic saving has not been yet defined. Objective We assessed the additional diagnostic information provided by an allergen microarray in a large population of polysensitized subjects. Methods In this multicentre study, allergists were required to carefully record diagnosis and treatment of consecutive patients referred for asthma/rhinitis, using the standard methodology (history, skin prick test, IgE assay). Then, a microarray allergen assay was carried out. Clinicians were required to review their diagnosis/treatment according to microarray results. Results 318 allergic patients (30% reporting also nonrespiratory symptoms) and 91 controls were enrolled. The clinicians reported at least one additional information from the microarray in about 60% of patients, this resulting in therapeutic adjustments. In 66% of patients IgE to pan-allergens were detectable, being this clinically relevant in 38% of patients with polysensitization to pollens. Conclusion Microarray IgE assay represents an advancement in allergy diagnosis, as a third-level approach in polysensitized subjects, when the traditional diagnosis may be problematic.
Dynamic Protein Kinase A Activities Induced by β-Adrenoceptors Dictate Signaling Propagation for Substrate Phosphorylation and Myocyte Contraction
Authors: Dagoberto Soto, Vania De Arcangelis, Jin Zhang, Yang Xiang
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

cAMP/protein kinase (PK)A activation represents a key signaling mechanism for neurohormonal stimulation of diversified physiological processes. Using real-time, fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based imaging of PKA activity in neonatal cardiac myocytes, we report that sustained activation of PKA induced by β-adrenoceptor (βAR) dictates signaling propagation for substrate phosphorylation and myocyte contraction. Activation of βARs in wild-type myocytes induces strong and sustained PKA activities, which are rapidly attenuated on washing away agonist or adding antagonist to the cells. The sustained PKA activities promote signaling propagation to the sarcoplasmic reticulum for phosphorylation of phospholamban and increases in myocyte contraction. Addition of antagonist after βAR stimulation significantly attenuates PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban and rapidly reduces contraction rate increases. Moreover, stimulation of β 1 AR subtype induces PKA activities similar to those in wild-type cells. In contrast, stimulation of β 2 AR subtype induces strong initial activation of PKA similar to those induced by β 1 AR; however, the activities are rapidly decreased to baseline levels. The transient PKA activities are sufficient for phosphorylation of the overexpressed β 2 ARs under agonist stimulation, but not phospholamban. Further analysis reveals that phosphodiesterase 4 is the major family that shapes PKA activities under βAR stimulation. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 extends β 2 AR-induced PKA activities, promotes PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban, and ultimately enhances myocyte contraction responses. Together, our data have revealed insights into kinetics of PKA activities in signaling propagation under neurohormonal stimulation.
Low-dose infusion of atrial natriuretic factor in mild essential hypertension.
Authors: G Tonolo, A M Richards, P Manunta, C Troffa, A Pazzola, P Madeddu, A Towrie, R Fraser, N Glorioso
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Intra-arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, right heart indexes, urinary electrolytes, and urinary volume were monitored in eight patients with untreated (WHO Class I) essential hypertension. The patients were given synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (99-126 alpha-hANP) at 1 and 2 pmol/kg/min in series (phases 1 and 2, 2 hours each dose) or vehicle (hemaccel) in random order on two separate occasions while on their usual diet. Arterial plasma ANF levels increased significantly from basal and time-matched placebo values from 25 +/- 2 and 28 +/- 3 pmol/l to 50 +/- 4 and 83 +/- 9 pmol/l at the end of phases 1 and 2, respectively (p less than 0.001). After 30 minutes during phase 2, systolic blood pressure decreased significantly by 20 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) from basal and time-matched placebo values and remained significantly reduced (-17 +/- 4 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) by the end of the recovery period (2 hours after infusions were completed). Pulmonary systolic blood pressure decreased by 5 +/- 1 mm Hg (phase 2, p less than 0.05). Cardiac output decreased by 0.5 +/- 0.1 l/min below baseline at the end of phase 2 of ANF infusion, whereas it increased significantly (p less than 0.02) by 0.6 +/- 0.1 l/min during vehicle infusion. Systemic diastolic, pulmonary diastolic, right atrial, and wedge pressures were not significantly changed during ANF or vehicle infusions, nor were pulmonary vascular resistance or heart rate altered. Systemic vascular resistance did not change significantly during both infusions, whereas during recovery, systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly after ANF infusion was discontinued (p less than 0.05). Microhematocrit levels increased dose dependently during ANF. The maximum increase was observed at the end of phase 2 (+4.7 +/- 1.7%), whereas the microhematocrit level decreased to -2.4 +/- 0.6% with vehicle (p less than 0.001) at the end of phase 2. Urinary sodium excretion increased significantly (p less than 0.02) by the end of phase 2 under ANF infusion (+38 +/- 15%), whereas it decreased (-10 +/- 6%) under placebo infusion by the end of phase 2. Urinary magnesium excretion was significantly increased during ANF infusion from phase 1 (p less than 0.02), whereas urinary potassium levels, calcium levels, creatinine levels, volume, and glomerular filtration rate did not differ significantly between the two infusions. Plasma renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and catecholamine concentrations did not change significantly during ANF or vehicle infusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Corrigendum to ‘Prevalence and natural history of heart disease in adults with primary mitochondrial respiratory chain disease’ [<i>Eur J Heart Fail</i> 2010;12:114–121]
Authors: Giuseppe Limongelli, Maite Tome‐Esteban, Charungthai Dejthevaporn, Shamima Rahman, Michael G. Hanna, Perry M. Elliott
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
VASCULAR STIFFNESS AS A PREDICTOR OF ABNORMAL MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Cornelis J. Roos, Roxana Djaberi, Joanne Schuijf, Eelco J. de Koning, Ton J. Rabelink, Jan W. Smit, Alberto M. Pereira, Marcel P. Stokkel, Arthur J. Scholte, Ernst E. van der Wall, J. Wouter Jukema, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Learning from low income countries: what are the lessons?: Effective surgery can be cheap and innovative
Authors: Anuruddha M Abeygunasekera
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To investigate the natural history of fast developing esophageal and cardia precursors. <h3>METHODS</h3> Repetitive endoscopic screenings were performed among 40-69-year-olds in the high-incidence areas for esophageal cancer in Shexian. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The initial diagnosis and the lag-time for 7 subsequently identified severe dysplasia (SD) subjects were as follows: in one subject 13 months after a baseline diagnosis of normal epithelium, in another subject 7 months after a baseline diagnosis of base cell hyperplasia(BCH), in four subjects 3, 4, 4, and 10.5 months after baseline diagnosis of mild dysplasia (mD), and in one subject 12.5 months after a baseline diagnosis of moderate dysplasia (MD). The initial diagnosis and the lag-time for 6 subsequently identified carcinomas in situ or intramucosal carcinoma cases were: in one case 48 months after a baseline diagnosis of mD, in 2 cases 4 and 13 months after baseline diagnoses of MD, and in the other 3 cases 3.5, 9, and 17.5 months after baseline diagnoses of SD. The initial diagnosis and lagtime for 3 subsequently identified invasive cancer cases were: in one case 50 months after a baseline diagnosis of MD, in 2 cases 14 and 19 months after baseline diagnoses of SD. In addition, during a 4-year-follow-up of 18 subjects after endoscopic mucosa resection, 9 of them were found to have developed precursors again at other sites, and also additional findings were obtained for 11 of the 16 dysplasia cases by repetitive biopsy in less than 2 months after the initial endoscopy. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> A 5-year screening interval for BCH and mD, and a 3-year interval for MD may be too long for the fast developing precursors. Periodic screenings with shorter intervals should be considered to control the number of interval cases due to fast development, multifocal carcinogenesis, and false negative results inherent in one-time endoscopic biopsy sampling.
Postcoital Urticaria in a Penicillin-Sensitive Patient
Authors: Richard L. Green
Journal: JAMA (1985)

PRACTICALLY all drugs are capable of causing allergic reactions, and all routes of exposure can be potentially sensitizing—although some are more so than others (ie, intravenous and intramuscular vs oral). A particularly vexing clinical situation arises when drug exposure occurs surreptitiously through some other medium. For example, penicillin used to be found in cow's milk when cows were treated for mastitis<sup>1</sup>; infants may contact a drug in their mother's colostrum when nursing<sup>2</sup>; and frozen foods can contain antibiotics.<sup>1</sup> We have recently treated a female patient who developed urticaria following sexual intercourse, and in whom we believe hives occurred because of allergy to a medication transmitted in her partner's semen. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient was a healthy 33-year-old woman who was being treated in our office with immunotherapy to pollens, dust, and molds for her allergic rhinitis. She called one day to report that she had
Patients' Understanding About Drugs-Reply
Authors: Michael W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the comments of Drs Saunders and Frear. Dr Saunders seems to be interested in the composition of the questions regarding patient attitudes that we used in our study. All patients in study 2 were given a questionnaire at the completion of the study and were requested to answer yes or no to the following questions: (1) "Did the information sheet change your attitude about taking the medicine?" (2) "Do you think this medicine is less safe after learning about it?" (3) "Do you think patients should know more about their medicine?" and (4) "Over the past month, have you had any problems which you think are caused by the medicine?" The questionnaire was part of a randomized controlled study, so all patients in study 2 received the questionnaire whether or not they received the drug information sheet. As we noted in our article, the reported attitude
FOOD HANDLERS' EXAMINATIONS
Authors: H. A. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —May I explain a little more accurately the food handlers' examinations conducted by the San Diego, Calif., Health Department, referred to inThe Journal, July 15, page 232. As I have direction of the city laboratory, I feel that a further statement of our aims and methods would be fair and may give some ideas to other health departments.  The value of the examinations, we believe, is twofold:  First, we believe that they diminish the probable transmission of an infection or a contagious disease from a food handler to his customer.  Second, it gives these men and women an annual physical examination and makes them more conscious of health matters both for themselves and for those with whom they come in contact.  Each person is given a physical examination and a sample of blood is taken for a Wassermann and a Widal test. A urinalysis is also
EDEMA OF THE OCULAR CONJUNCTIVA.
Authors: F. W. HIGGINS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

One of the most constant symptoms of Bright's disease is edema. Puffiness under the eyes is perhaps the symptom that the physician first looks for in a suspected case. That to which I wish to call attention is the much rarer condition of edema of the ocular conjunctiva. Edema may occur in any locality where there is cellular tissue, often without our being able to determine just why it is so especially marked in the location where we find it. Some time ago I was called into the country to see a patient confined to the house by nephritis, exhibiting a peculiarly marked case of ocular edema or chemosis. The invalid was a married man, 22 years old, a telegraph operator. Four years before, he had been suffocated by coal gas and remained unconscious for some hours; to this circumstance he ascribed his illness. He had been treated for albuminuria,
De Subitaneis Mortibus
Authors: THOMAS N. JAMES, BOY FRAME, E. OSBORNE COATES
Journal: Circulation (1973)

PROBABLY been fat people since the early days of eating, although their numbers were originally limited by periodic famine, chronic wasting diseases and simple hard work.Extreme obesity is something else, and both public opinion and clinical lore hold that being too fat is bad for the heart.Hippocrates was among the first to make this association.'About two decades ago several clinical investigations24 defined a cardio- pulmonary syndrome seen in extremely obese individuals.C. Sidney Burwell and his colleagues5 etched this into medical memory by naming it the "Pickwickian syndrome," a charming sobriquet more justified by poetic license than by literary history.*Despite the fact that heart failure is one of the more grave components of the syndrome, most clinical investigations have focused on the ventilatory inadequacy so often observed in very fat people.In fact, MacGregor, Block and Ball, in a recent comprehensive review of the subject,6 in- dicated that intrinsic disease of the heart and lungs is characteristically absent.The same investigators further emphasized that sudden death has been described in several studies of the Pickwickian
Minimally Invasive Surgery, 2004 - 2005
Authors: M. J. Rosen, J. L. Ponsky
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Minimally invasive techniques are becoming the preferred approach for abdominal surgical procedures. With improvements in technology and growing experience with laparoscopic techniques, the boundaries of minimally invasive surgery are continually being redefined in solid organ and vascular surgery. This review identifies important articles published in 2004 - 2005 concerning minimally invasive approaches to liver disease, splenic disorders, adrenal malignancy, benign and malignant pancreatic pathology, donor nephrectomy, biliary reconstruction, and vascular surgery.
Memories of Art
Authors: William Hirstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Although the art-historical context of a work of art is important to our appreciation of it, it is our knowledge of that history that plays causal roles in producing the experience itself. This knowledge is in the form of memories, both semantic memories about the historical circumstances, but also episodic memories concerning our personal connections with an artwork. We also create representations of minds in order to understand the emotions that artworks express.
Management of Cirrhosis and Ascites
Authors: Pere Ginès, Andrés Cárdenas, Vicente Arroyo, Juan Rodés
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This review summarizes current knowledge about the pathophysiology of ascites and explains the appropriate approach to clinical evaluation. The authors describe measures for the control of ascites as well as strategies for its management and for the prevention of major complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and the hepatorenal syndrome.
Drugs for angina pectoris.
Authors: G Nyberg
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Ampicillin for Sore Throat SIR,-Dr. A. A. Robertson's conclusion (9 June, p. 614) that the use of ampicillin must be considered in the treatment of acute sore throats is based on the following premises: (l)-that Haemophilus influenzae is fre- quently isolated from the throats of patients with acute sore throats; (2)-that where this organism is isolated it is responsible for the acute sore throat; and (3)-that ampicillin is the antibiotic of choice in H. influenzae infections.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia following treatment for non‐hematopoietic cancers: Report of 19 cases and review of the literature
Authors: M. Hosein Zarrabi, Fred Rosner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Nineteen patients are reported who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia following treatment for a variety of solid tumors, including seminoma (four cases), melanoma (one case), and cancer of the ovary (six cases), colon or rectum (three cases), bladder (two cases), cervix, endometrium, and larynx (one case each). There were nine men and ten women, with a median age of 49.8 years (range 29 to 75). The mean interval between the diagnosis of solid tumors and acute leukemia is 5.8 years. In two patients the two diseases occurred simultaneously or within six months of each other. One patient was treated only surgically. Eight patients were treated with radiotherapy, five with chemotherapy, and five received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Pancytopenia was commonly noted prior to the onset of leukemia with chromosomal abnormalities observed in four cases in which a karyotype was performed. Three patients achieved complete hematological remission following antileukemic therapy. One hundred and six additional patients with non‐hematopoietic neoplasms and acute leukemia are reviewed. Although acute leukemia may occur in a higher than expected frequency in patients with solid tumors because of a possible increased risk of a second neoplasm, it seems more likely that the acute leukemia is related to the radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy administered to treat the first neoplasm.
Inside the New Temple: The High Cost of Mistaking Medicine for Religion
Authors: Carter M. Ballinger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

What is the connection between ancient religious temples and the high cost of health care in America today? James Stacey, the widely respected director of the AMA's Division of Media and Information Services, who is conversant with current debates about reining in health care costs, tells us in a challenging format. He likens modern hospitals and the attendant medical establishment to medieval cathedrals built at great expense to the masses. The builders, religious zealots, promised a long and wonderful life, now and in the hereafter, to those who entered—and who paid their hard-earned contributions. Stacey believes our current health care establishment has built a huge edifice (temple) and has promised much more than can be delivered at a reasonable cost. Who is the villain? Stacey believes it is modern medical technology: the drugs, tests, machines, and operations that make this an era of hope for millions, yet cost and cost.
P773 ANGIOGENIC BIOMARKERS OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PROGRESSION TO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: R. Lopez-Rodriguez, A. Hernandez-Bartolomé, M.J. Borque, Y. Rodriguez-Muñoz, J.R. Vidal-Castiñeira, L. Rodrigo, J.M. Ladero, F. Abad-Santos, P. Muñoz de Rueda, J. Salmeron, Y. Real, L. Gonzalez-Moreno, J. Garcia-Samaniego, A. Martin-Algíbez, L. Garcia-Buey, R. Moreno-Otero, P. Sanz-Cameno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
165 THE PROGNOSIS AND ITS RELATED FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS-RELATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN THE ANTIVIRAL ERA
Authors: C.H. Kim, Y.S. Seo, J.H. Kim, H.J. Yim, J.E. Yeon, K.S. Byun, C.D. Kim, H.S. Ryu, S.H. Um
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)