tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone Mineral Density in Perimenopausal Women with Asthma
Authors: ANNE K. LAATIKAINEN, HEIKKI P. J. KRÖGER, HANNU O. TUKIAINEN, RISTO J. HONKANEN, SEPPO V. SAARIKOSKI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

It is not known whether asthma constitutes a risk factor for osteoporosis or what the impact is of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD). The study population (n = 3,222) was a random stratified sample from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Study, which included all women 47 to 56 yr of age residing in Kuopio Province, Eastern Finland. Spinal and femoral BMDs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD values of 119 asthmatics were cross-sectionally compared with those of 3,103 nonasthmatics. Of the 119 asthmatic women, 28 had not used corticosteroids, 65 had used oral corticosteroids, and 26 had used only inhaled corticosteroids. The asthmatics with no hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (n = 83) had lower mean spinal and femoral BMD value than did the corresponding nonasthmatics (spinal BMD, 1.083 ± 0.150 [SD] versus 1.128 ± 0.160 g/cm2, p < 0.05; femoral BMD, 0.894 ± 0.112 [SD] versus 0.929 ± 0.128 g/cm2, p < 0.05). Although BMDs were not significantly decreased in the asthmatics who had used inhaled corticosteroids, the duration of use correlated negatively with spinal BMD and was also associated with spinal BMD in multiple regression analysis. In perimenopausal women, asthma is associated with decreased bone density. This may be due to the corticosteroids rather than to the disease itself. However, HRT appears to be protective against bone loss also in asthmatics.
Antibodies to P. acnes and P. acnes exocellular enzymes in the normal population at various ages and in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: EILEEN INGHAM, G. GOWLAND, R.M. WARD, K.T. HOLLAND, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Total serum IgM and IgG agglutinins to P. acnes and neutralizing antibodies to P. acnes lipase, hyaluronate lyase and acid phosphatase were measured in normal individuals of different age groups. Agglutinins to P. acnes were detected in infants at 4 months of age and were present at a high level throughout life. A switch from predominantly IgM agglutinins in children, to IgG agglutinins in adults, occurred during adolescence. Anti-P. acnes lipase antibodies were present in 20% of teenagers and 17-42% of adults. Anti-P. acnes hyaluronate lyase antibodies were found in adults only (4-17%). Antibodies to acid phosphatase were not detected. Agglutinins to P. acnes were measured in individuals with mild, moderate and severe acne, and in normal controls. Only patients with severe acne had significantly higher titres than the controls. IgM and IgG agglutinins were determined in 13-14-year-olds with mild, moderate and severe acne, and in normal controls. Thirty-three per cent, 60% and 100% of the acne patients, respectively, but none of the normal controls, had predominantly IgG agglutinins. No difference in the prevalence or titre of antibodies to P. acnes exocellular enzymes was observed when patients with severe acne were compared with normal controls. There was no evidence to suggest a role for antibodies to P. acnes exocellular enzymes in the initiation of inflammatory acne.
Assessment of the presence of mucosal human papillomaviruses in malignant melanomas using combined fluorescent in situ hybridization and chemiluminescent immunohistochemistry
Authors: S. Ambretti, S. Venturoli, M. Mirasoli, M. La Placa, F. Bonvicini, M. Cricca, M. Zerbini, A. Roda, M. Musiani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The vast majority of studies aimed at detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in skin cancer have used sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods but the PCR technique, despite its high sensitivity, is not suitable to ascertain whether (i) the presence of HPV can be related only to few cells harbouring the virus, (ii) the presence of HPV is due to a tumour surface contamination and (iii) the presence of HPV is localized in cancer cells, rather than in normal keratinocytes present in the tumour biopsy. In a recent work we have found mucosal high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes in primary melanoma by PCR.To localize mucosal HR-HPV nucleic acids and tumoural melanocytic marker in the same sections of primary melanoma samples in order to understand the relationship between HPVs and melanoma cells.We have developed a very sensitive method that combines an enzyme-amplified fluorescent in situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of HPV nucleic acids (types 16 and 18) with a chemiluminescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) method for the detection of the tumoural melanocytic marker HMB-45 sequentially in the same section. Digital images of fluorescent ISH and chemiluminescent IHC were separately recorded, assigned different colours and merged using specific software for image analysis.The combined fluorescent ISH and chemiluminescent IHC demonstrated a sharp colocalization (in the range 60-80%) of HPV nucleic acids and melanoma marker inside the same sections of melanoma biopsies, with a strong specificity and sensitivity.The strong colocalization of mucosal HR-HPV nucleic acids and HMB-45 melanocytic marker emphasized that viral nucleic acids were specifically present in melanoma cells and supported a possible active role of HPV in malignant melanoma.
An evaluation of flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy.
Authors: K D Vellacott, J D Hardcastle
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Results of 350 flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy examinations showed a diagnostic yield of 30% compared with 6.5% by rigid sigmoidoscopy of the same patients. The mean time for the examinations was eight minutes, a distance of over 50 cm being visualised in 65% of the patients. Preparation of the bowel with a single phosphate enema was adequate in 95% of the patients. As an outpatient investigation for clinicians fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy is a safe, quick, and useful addition to rigid sigmoidoscopy and should result in a decrease in the number of barium enema examinations required.
A Novel Strategy for Treatment of Metastatic Pulmonary Tumors: Radiofrequency Ablation in Conjunction with Surgery
Authors: Yoshifumi Sano, Susumu Kanazawa, Hidefumi Mimura, Hideo Gobara, Takao Hiraki, Hiroyasu Fujiwara, Masaomi Yamane, Shinichi Toyooka, Takahiro Oto, Hiroshi Date
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
A New Model for Medical Education
Authors: Allan S Detsky, Amol A Verma
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Specialized Testing after Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Robert F. DeBusk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

A wide variety of specialized laboratory tests have been used to characterize prognosis and functional capacity soon after a patient has an acute myocardial infarction. Few attempts have been made to integrate the available data on these tests into clinically relevant guidelines for the clinician. This review evaluates the use of these tests, alone and in combination, throughout the course of recovery from acute myocardial infarction. The primary objective of these tests is to quantify myocardial ischemia and left ventricular dysfunction, the pathophysiologic basis of prognosis and functional capacity. The selection of one test over another depends on whether either test provides information on myocardial ischemia and left ventricular dysfunction not available through the standard clinical evaluation, and the risk, quality, and cost associated with each test. The stepwise application of specialized testing after acute myocardial infarction enables the identification of three groups of patients: approximately 20% at very high risk, due primarily to irreversible left ventricular dysfunction; approximately 30% at moderately high risk, due primarily to myocardial ischemia; and approximately 50% at low risk who are free of significant left ventricular dysfunction or myocardial ischemia. Accurate discrimination among these three groups enables the application of aggressive medical and surgical therapy to patients at moderate to high risk and accelerated recovery for patients at low risk. Specialized testing also helps to guide subsequent management after thrombolysis and revascularization procedures.
Dr. Archagathos: Refugee Physician and Roman Consul
Authors: Robert W. Buck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

Inspired partly by the interesting story of Jan Van Riebeeck, the doctor who settled Cape Town, contributed by Dr. Viets to Medical Intelligence in the issue of March 27 and partly, perhaps, by the weather, the editors of the Journal, accustomed as they are to great responsibilities, have assumed a new one. It is to publish from time to time, as space and material may be available, brief accounts of physicians who have achieved a degree of success or even fame in some activity other than the pursuit of medicine in its various branches.The very particular editor of . . .
Reflux Disease and Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

In a large study from Sweden, 3000 randomly selected persons were sent a questionnaire (response rate 71 %); endoscopy was performed in 1000 of them, regardless of symptoms (from 1566 invited). Forty-five percent of the responders reported reflux symptoms in the previous 3 months; asymptomatic reflux esophagitis was detected endoscopically in 5 % [1]. Two retrospective analyses, one from the United States and one from France, dealt with endoscopic findings in patients with reflux symptoms; despite the increasing use of proton-pump inhibitors (but not increasing to more than 18 %), the frequency of erosive esophagitis on endoscopy remained constant at around 20 % in the United States [2]. In France, 74 % of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) underwent endoscopy, with a rate of 38 % of erosive esophagitis and 8 % for Barrett’s [3]. In an attempt to make esophageal screening for patients with reflux easier, a short, battery-powered endoscope with a diameter of 4 mm was introduced, which can also be used by nurse practitioners, as shown in 111 patients [4]. When the same group compared findings obtained with this small endoscope introduced by nurse practitioners with standard video endoscopy performed by gastroenterologists in 43 cases, the sensitivity and specificity of all the esophageal findings were 74 % and 98 %, with slightly better values for Barrett’s esophagus [5]. In another study, decreasing the diameter of this endoscope further to 3mm was not found to increase patient tolerance [6].
TCT-497 Antiplatelet Effects of Clopidogrel and Aspirin During 6 Months of Follow-up After Stent Implantation: An ADAPT-DES Substudy
Authors: Dietmar Trenk, Thomas G. Nuehrenberg, Christian Stratz, Willibald Hochholzer, Ajay J. Kirtane, Gregg W. Stone, Franz-Josef Neumann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 4681: Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) as a strategy for targeted therapy in Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: J. Chad Brenner, Felix Y. Feng, Sumin Han, Laura M. Bou-Maroun, Sonam Patel, Siddharth V. Goyal, Meilan Liu, Robert Lonigro, John R. Prensner, Scott A. Tomlins, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs) are aggressive malignancies which frequently harbor EWS-FLI1 or EWS-ERG genomic fusions. Here, we demonstrate that these fusion products interact with, and depend on, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a DNA damage response protein and transcriptional co-regulator. This interaction occurs in a DNA-independent manner. ESFT cell lines and xenografts are preferentially sensitive to PARP1 inhibition, and the addition of a PARP1 inhibitor to the second-line chemotherapeutic agent temozolamide resulted in complete response of all treated tumors in an EWS-FLI1 ESFT xenograft model. PARP inhibition blocked Ewing's cell line, but not control osteosarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma cell line invasion, as well as the formation of lung metastasis in a xenograft model of ESFT. Mechanistically, the EWS-FLI1 and EWS-ERG fusions induce DNA damage, which is potentiated by PARP1 inhibition in ESFT cell lines. In a positive feedback loop, EWS-FLI1 fusions maintain the expression of PARP1 by direct regulation of the PARP1 promoter. This regulation is independently supported by a gene expression array data set of 20 ESFT patient tumors (Spearman r = 0.8165). Finally, because front-line therapy for this disease includes an intense regimen of five cytotoxic chemotherapy agents from which patients can quickly relapse with even more aggressive disease, we studied the effect of PARP inhibition in two Ewing's sarcoma cell line models derived after patient relapse. Importantly, these two cell lines maintained a preferential sensitivity to PARP1 inhibition despite their general chemoresistance. These findings suggest that targeting the EWS-FLI1: PARP1 interaction axis is a promising therapeutic strategy for the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4681. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4681
Modulation of ryanodine receptor by luminal calcium and accessory proteins in health and cardiac disease
Authors: S. Gyorke, D. Terentyev
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel which is responsible for generation of the cytosolic Ca2+ transient required for activation of cardiac contraction. RyR2 functional activity is governed by changes in [Ca2+] on both the cytosolic and luminal phase of the RyR2 channel. Activation of RyR2 by cytosolic Ca2+ results in Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from the SR. The decline in luminal [Ca2+] following release contributes to termination of CICR and Ca2+ signalling refractoriness through the process of luminal Ca2+-dependent deactivation of RyR2s. The control of RyR2s by luminal Ca2+ involves coordinated interaction of the channel with several SR proteins, including the Ca2+-binding protein calsequestrin (CASQ2), and the integral proteins triadin 1 (TRD) and junctin (JCN). CASQ2 in addition to serving as a Ca2+ storage site and a luminal Ca2+ buffer modulates RyR2 function more directly as a putative luminal Ca2+ sensor. TRD and JCN, stimulatory by themselves, mediate the interactions between CASQ2 and RyR2. Acquired and genetic defects in proteins of this junctional Ca2+ signalling complex lead to disease states such as cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure by impairing luminal Ca2+ regulation of RyR2.
Skin tolerance and effectiveness of two hand decontamination procedures in everyday hospital use
Authors: M. Winnefeld, M.A. Richard, M. Drancourt, J.J. Grob
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Hand decontamination is crucial to control nosocomial infections. The utility of hand decontamination is related not only to its antimicrobial effectiveness, but also to its acceptability by hospital staff. Objectives We aimed to assess skin tolerance and antimicrobial effects of two widely accepted hand hygiene measures under in-use conditions. Methods Fifty-two nurses were randomly assigned for an 8-day period to either an alcohol-based disinfectant or a hand wash with a non-antiseptic soap. At baseline and at the end of the test period, microbiological hand samples were obtained both before and after a hand hygiene procedure, and skin tolerance was assessed using clinical scores and measurement of transepidermal water loss. Results Self-assessment of skin condition and grade of skin damage worsened significantly more in the group using soap than in the group using alcoholic disinfectant (P = 0·004 and P = 0·01, respectively). The alcohol-based rinse was significantly more effective than liquid soap in removing transient contaminant micro-organisms (P = 0·016). Twenty of 50 hand washes with non-antiseptic soap apparently resulted in bacterial contamination of the hands. At the end of the study, the total bacterial count increased with the increasing number of hand washes in the soap group (P = 0·003), and with the degree of skin damage (P = 0·005) in the antiseptic group. Conclusions In everyday hospital practice, alcohol-based disinfectant is more effective and better tolerated than non-antiseptic soap; soap is at risk of spreading contamination; and skin comfort strongly influences the number and the quality of hand hygiene procedures.
The effect of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy on the lower range of coronary autoregulation.
Authors: D G Harrison, M S Florentine, L A Brooks, S M Cooper, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation (1988)

These studies were performed to test the hypothesis that left ventricular hypertrophy arising as a complication of chronic hypertension is associated with impaired coronary autoregulation. Twelve dogs with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (one-kidney, one-clip model) and 11 normal dogs were instrumented and subsequently studied while conscious. Circumflex pressure, measured with an intracoronary catheter, was adjusted to 100, 75, and 40 mm Hg with a hydraulic occluder that was placed proximally. At each circumflex pressure, myocardial perfusion was measured with radioactive microspheres. Reduction of circumflex pressure over this range did not significantly alter heart rate, left atrial pressure, or arterial pressure. In normal dogs, reduction of circumflex pressure did not alter total myocardial perfusion or the transmural distribution of perfusion. In contrast, in dogs with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, circumflex subendocardial perfusion decreased 46% when pressure was decreased from 100 to 40 mm Hg (p less than .05 compared with normal). Autoregulation was quantified for each third of myocardium with the use of autoregulatory gain values (1 = perfect autoregulation; 0 = the absence of autoregulation). For pressure changes of 100 to 75 mmHg, values for autoregulatory gain were near unity for all layers of myocardium in both groups of animals. When pressure was decreased from 75 to 40 mm Hg, values for autoregulatory gain among the normal and hypertensive groups were, respectively: for subepicardium 1 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SE) vs 0.9 +/- 0.2 (p = NS), for the midwall 0.8 +/- 0.2 vs 0.5 +/- 0.2 (p = NS), and for the subendocardium 0.8 +/- 0.1 vs 0.1 +/- 0.2 (p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antioxidant effects of calcium channel blockers against free radical injury in endothelial cells. Correlation of protection with preservation of glutathione levels.
Authors: I T Mak, P Boehme, W B Weglicki
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The effects of four calcium channel blockers (nicardipine, nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem) on free radical injury in cultured endothelial cells were studied and compared with those of butylated hydroxytoluene. When the cultured cells were exposed to a superoxide and hydroxyl radical generating system for up to 60 minutes, lipid peroxidation occurred, and cellular viability decreased by 60% at 30 minutes. Concomitantly, total cellular glutathione decreased by 40%, whereas total protein thiols changed minimally. Preincubation of the cells with each of the calcium blockers (5 and 20 microM) before free radical addition resulted in various degrees of significant protection against cell death, and losses of glutathione correlated significantly (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001). The order of efficacy was nicardipine greater than nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than diltiazem; butylated hydroxytoluene was about fourfold more potent than nicardipine. Because none of the agents affected the level of hydroxyl radicals generated in the aqueous phase, the data suggest that the protective mechanisms were mediated by their lipid antiperoxidative activities, which also prevented the glutathione decrease caused by inhibition of peroxide generation.
Phase II Trial of S-1 as Second-Line Therapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ramaswamy Govindan, Daniel Morgensztern, Michael D. Kommor, Roy S. Herbst, Paul Schaefer, Jitendra Gandhi, Kaku Saito, Christopher Zergebel, Joan Schiller
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
A 75-Year-Old Man With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Gordon Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (1999)

DR DELBANCO: Mr C is a 75-year-old retired fisherman who came to the United States from the West Indies more than 10 years ago. He and his wife live in Boston, Mass, with their daughter, who has been an important source of support for him. He has Medicare and supplemental commercial insurance.