tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymer Micronetworks with Shape‐Memory as Future Platform to Explore Shape‐Dependent Biological Effects
Authors: Fabian Friess, Ulrich Nöchel, Andreas Lendlein, Christian Wischke
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Polymer micronetworks allowing stimuli-induced, predefined, and spatially directed shape shifts. The temperature-induced on-demand switching of shape is introduced as a function of polyester carriers. With their adjustable ­switching temperature, micronetworks may serve as a model system to explore static and dynamic shape effects in biological systems. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Failure of intravenous antibiotic therapy of multiple temporal brain abscesses due to Propionibacterium acnes requiring temporal lobectomy
Authors: E. Senneville, C. Savage, O. Lamy, A. Fawaz, J. Bourez, F. Ajana, L. Dubreuil, C. Chidiac, Y. Mouton
Journal: Journal of Infection (1997)
Push-and-Pull Enteroscopy using the Double-Balloon Technique: Method of Assessing Depth of Insertion and Training of the Enteroscopy Technique using the Erlangen Endo-Trainer
Authors: A. May, L. Nachbar, M. Schneider, M. Neumann, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: This study was conducted to test a method of measuring the depth of insertion into the small bowel during push-and-pull enteroscopy using the Erlangen Endo-Trainer. Furthermore, the Erlangen Endo-Trainer model for training in the new method of push-and-pull enteroscopy using the double-balloon technique was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Specially prepared packages of porcine upper visceral organs were used, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small bowel, implanted into the Erlangen Endo-Trainer. In the first step of this study, all of the modifications needed to obtain a model useful for training in the new enteroscopy technique were tested, including different lengths of small bowel. In the next step, the Erlangen Endo-Trainer was used to evaluate a special method of measuring the depth of insertion during push-and-pull enteroscopy by comparing estimated insertion depths of 100 cm and 200 cm, marked on the porcine small bowel, with endoscopic insertion depths determined afterwards by measuring the length of the small bowel from the pylorus to the mark on the porcine small bowel. Additionally, the Endotrainer was used to demonstrate the principle of double-balloon enteroscopy and to provide training in this new enteroscopy technique with a lifelike simulation. Results: The modified Erlangen Endo-Trainer proved its value for demonstrating the principle of push-and-pull enteroscopy and for providing training in this enteroscopic technique as well as for testing the measurement method. The evaluation of the measurement method showed that the estimation of the insertion depths was accurate, with a mean deviation of less than 10 %. A total of 13 workshops (seven national and six international), including a total of 97 participants, were carried out between January and August 2004. Under the supervision of one of the authors, pairs of trainees were able to reach the ileal valve or the end of the small bowel from the oral route. Conclusions: The modified Erlangen Endo-Trainer is useful for training in the push-and-pull enteroscopy technique. The new specially developed method of measuring the depth of insertion during push-and-pull enteroscopy seems to be valid.
P3-13-04: Functional and Cosmetic Outcomes Following Post-Mastectomy Irradiation with Tissue Expander/Implant Reconstruction.
Authors: A Baschnagel, C Shah, JB Wilkinson, N Dekhne, J Margolis, DW Arthur, F Vicini
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: To examine the rate of breast reconstruction failure and cosmetic outcomes following post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) with temporary tissue expander or implant in place. Methods and Materials: Ninety-four patients with 95 primary breast malignancies underwent mastectomy and immediate tissue expander reconstruction followed by PMRT. Ninety tissue expanders and five implants were irradiated. All patients received a dose of 5,400 cGy given in 180 cGy fractions. Twenty-one patients (22%) received tangents alone and seventy-four patients (78%) were treated with tangents and a supraclavicular field via a mono-isocentric technique. Bolus was used in 91 patients (96%). Eighty-eight patients (93%) received chemotherapy and 78 patients (82%) received endocrine therapy. Results: With a median follow up of 22.4 months, nineteen patients (20%) developed a reconstruction failure. Ten patients lost their tissue expanders with a median time to reconstruction failure of 7 months (range 3–9 months) while ten patients lost their permanent implant with a median time to loss of 19 months (range 9–31 months) following PMRT. The one and two-year actuarial rate of reconstruction failure was 11.2% and 24.9%, respectively. The most common cause of failure was infection (37%), followed by skin break down (21%), extrusion of expander or implant (16%), fibrosis/eschar (11%), trauma (11%) and pain (5%). Out of the 19 failures, eight patients were salvaged with an autologous flap reconstruction. Univariate analysis was performed to examine the association between age, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, menopause status, weight and the use of a third supraclavicular RT field on reconstruction failure. However no risk factors were found to be associated with reconstruction failure. In patients who did not have reconstruction failure, good/excellent cosmesis was observed in 79% of patients and fair/poor cosmesis was observed in 21% of patients. Conclusions: In our series of women with a high risk of recurrence, PMRT with a tissue expander in place followed by a prosthetic implant provides good cosmesis in the majority of women with an acceptable risk of expander or implant loss. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-04.
Pityrosporum folliculitis and ketoconazole
Authors: G.P. Ford, F.A. Ive, Gillian Midgley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Pityrosporum folliculitis and ketoconazole Get access G.P. FORD, G.P. FORD Department of Dermatology, Dryburn Hospital, Durham DH1 5TW Dr Gordon P. Ford, Department of Dermatology, Dryburn Hospital, Durham DHI 5TW. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.A. IVE, F.A. IVE Department of Dermatology, Dryburn Hospital, Durham DH1 5TW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GILLIAN MIDGLEY GILLIAN MIDGLEY Mycology Department, Institute of Dermatology, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 6, 1 December 1982, Pages 691–695, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00530.x Published: 01 December 1982 Article history Accepted: 14 June 1982 Published: 01 December 1982
A Foot Risk Classification System to Predict Diabetic Amputation in Pima Indians
Authors: Jennifer A Mayfield, Gayle E Reiber, Robert G Nelson, Tom Greene
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To quantify the contribution of various risk factors to the risk of amputation in diabetic patients and to develop a foot risk scoring system based on clinical data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population case-control study was undertaken. Eligible subjects were 1) 25-85 years of age, 2) diabetic, 3) 50% or more Pima or Tohono O'odham Indian, 4) lived in the Gila River Indian Community, and 5) had had at least one National Institutes of Health research examination. Case patients had had an incident lower extremity amputation between 1983 and 1992; control subjects had no amputation by 1992. Medical records were reviewed to determine risk conditions and health status before the pivotal event that led to the amputation. RESULTS Sixty-one people with amputations were identified and compared with 183 control subjects. Men were more likely to suffer amputation than women (odds ratio [OR] 6.5, 95% CI 2.6–15), and people with diabetic eye, renal, or cardiovascular disease were more likely to undergo amputation than those without (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.7–12). The risk of amputation was almost equally associated with these foot risk factors: peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, bony deformities, and a history of foot ulcers. After controlling for demographic differences and diabetes severity, the ORs for amputation with one foot risk factor was 2.1 (95% CI 1.4–3.3), with two risk factors, 4.5 (95% CI 2.9–6.9), and with three or four risk factors, 9.7 (95% CI 6.3–14.8). CONCLUSIONS Male Sex, end-organ complications of eye, heart, and kidney, and poor glucose control were associated with a higher amputation rate. Peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, deformity, and a prior ulcer were similarly equally associated with an increased risk of lower extremity amputation.
Endothelin-1 production in coronary circulation in a new canine model of coronary thrombosis
Authors: H. Fujikawa, K.-i. Kawasaki, H. Sekiguchi, H. Mito, Y. Hayashi, H. Funayama, K. Shimada
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether endogenous endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in coronary circulation is associated with acute coronary thrombotic events in vivo. To achieve this goal, we have designed a new experimental canine model of coronary thrombosis.Methods: In vivo occlusive thrombus was induced by the intracoronary application of radiofrequency energy (660 kHz, 50 W) in closed-chest dogs. Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations of thrombosed coronary artery were performed. In 12 dogs, plasminogen activator was administered intravenously and serial measurements of ET-1, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and thrombin-antithrombin HI complex (TAT) levels in plasma from the coronary sinus, aortic root and inferior vena cava were examined.Results: Occlusive platelet-rich thrombi were attached to the deeply injured intimal surface. TAT and TXB2 increased rapidly soon after the intimal injury and declined after successful thrombolysis. In contrast, ET-1 in the coronary sinus was elevated after reperfusion and was significantly higher than in the aorta. Net ET-1 production in the coronary circulation showed a significant positive correlation with the peak TAT levels (r = 0.69, P < 0.05), but not with TXBf2 or total occlusion time as an index of ischemic severity.Conclusions: Deep intimal injury leads to occlusive coronary thrombus. Thrombus formation and its subsequent lysis is associated with the activation and deactivation, respectively, of the coagulation cascade and platelets. Thrombin generation may stimulate ET-1 production in the coronary endothelium in acute coronary thrombotic events.
Bias in observational study designs: case-control studies
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Researchers investigated the association between sun exposure and risk of multiple sclerosis. A population based case-control study was performed. The participants were recruited from residents of Tasmania, Australia, who were aged under 60 years and had at least one grandparent born in Tasmania. Cases were people with multiple sclerosis who volunteered after information evenings at local multiple sclerosis societies, or after having been invited by a healthcare professional. In total, 136 people with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, as defined by clinical and magnetic resonance imaging criteria, were included as cases. For each case, two controls matched for sex and year of birth were randomly selected from the community. In total, 359 eligible controls were approached and the response rate was 76%.1

A validated questionnaire was used to record the amount of time participants would normally have spent in the sun during weekends and holidays in winter and summer before the age of 16 years. Actin damage was used as a marker of cumulative lifetime sun exposure. Silicone casts of the skin surface of the hand were obtained and graded by the researchers from 1 (undamaged skin) to 6 (severe deterioration).

The researchers reported that greater sun exposure when aged 6-15 years (average two to three hours or more a day in summer during weekends and holidays) was associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis (adjusted odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.59). Greater actinic damage (disease grades 4-6) was also independently associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis (0.32, 0.11 to 0.88). It was concluded that higher sun exposure during childhood and early adolescence was associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis. Insufficient ultraviolet radiation may therefore influence the development of multiple sclerosis.

Which of the following, if any, might the above case-control …
Myocardial glucose uptake in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus assessed quantitatively by dynamic positron emission tomography.
Authors: J vom Dahl, W H Herman, R J Hicks, F J Ortiz-Alonso, K S Lee, K C Allman, E R Wolfe, V Kalff, M Schwaiger
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Animal studies have demonstrated reduced myocardial glucose utilization in the diabetic heart, suggesting abnormalities in glucose transport. This study was designed to evaluate myocardial glucose uptake as assessed by 2-fluoro-(fluorine-18)2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) under standardized metabolic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique was used during PET data acquisition in nine healthy male volunteers and seven young male patients with a history of IDDM for less than 5 years. Oxidative metabolism was assessed with C-11 acetate, and glucose uptake was quantitatively measured with FDG using Patlak graphic analysis. Hemodynamic data and C-11 acetate kinetics were comparable. Myocardial glucose uptake averaged 0.44 +/- 0.12 mumol.g-1.min-1 in normal subjects and 0.43 +/- 0.16 mumol.g-1.min-1 in patients with IDDM (P = NS). Blood tracer clearance was also similar in both groups as determined by the ratio of peak blood tracer activity to the activity at 55 to 60 minutes after tracer injection. F-18 activity ratio between myocardium and blood pool averaged 7.2 +/- 3.4 in the normal heart and 7.5 +/- 3.0 in the diabetic heart (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that metabolic standardization and supplementation with insulin in young patients with IDDM is associated with myocardial glucose uptake similar to that observed in the normal heart. Chronic therapy with insulin may prevent the metabolic abnormalities observed in diabetic animal models.
Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States
Authors: Tushar Patel
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Clinical observations suggest a recent increase in intrahepatic biliary tract malignancies. Thus, our aim was to determine recent trends in the epidemiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Reported data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and the United States Vital Statistics databases were analyzed to determine the incidence, mortality, and survival rates of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Between 1973 and 1997, the incidence and mortality rates from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma markedly increased, with an estimated annual percent change (EAPC) of 9.11% (95% CI, 7.46 to 10.78) and 9.44% (95%, CI 8.46 to 10.41), respectively. The age–adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 persons for whites increased from 0.14 for the period 1975–1979 to 0.65 for the period 1993–1997, and that for blacks increased from 0.15 to 0.58 over the same period. The increase in mortality was similar across all age groups above age 45. The relative 1– and 2–year survival rates following diagnosis from 1989 to 1996 were 24.5% and 12.8%, respectively. In conclusion, there has been a marked increase in the incidence and mortality from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States in recent years. This tumor continues to be associated with a poor prognosis.
Scheme to register Botox clinics is criticised for "lacking teeth"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Surgeons have called for the scrapping of a scheme designed to offer some protection against unscrupulous practices among clinics and beauty parlours that provide cosmetic injectable treatments, such as botulinum toxin and cosmetic fillers.

The government has asked the cosmetic industry’s trade association, the Independent Healthcare Advisory Services, to set up a register of providers of injectable cosmetics to ensure standards of safety. The scheme, which launched to the public this week (www.treatmentsyoucantrust.co.uk), registers only organisations whose practitioners are doctors, dentists, and registered nurses who have had proper training. Clinics must also meet certain standards, such as health and …
Prospective randomised controlled trial of an infection screening programme to reduce the rate of preterm delivery
Authors: Herbert Kiss, Ljubomir Petricevic, Peter Husslein
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate whether a screening strategy in pregnancy lowers the rate of preterm delivery in a general population of pregnant women. <b>Design</b> Multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Non-hospital based antenatal clinics. <b>Participants</b> 4429 pregnant women presenting for their routine prenatal visits early in the second trimester were screened by Gram stain for asymptomatic vaginal infection. In the intervention group, the women9s obstetricians received the test results and women received standard treatment and follow up for any detected infection. In the control group, the results of the vaginal smears were not revealed to the caregivers. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome variable was preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks. Secondary outcome variables were preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks combined with different birth weight categories equal to or below 2500 g and the rate of late miscarriage. <b>Results</b> Outcome data were available for 2058 women in the intervention group and 2097 women in the control group. In the intervention group, the number of preterm births was significantly lower than in the control group (3.0% <i>v</i> 5.3%, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.6; P = 0.0001). Preterm births were also significantly reduced in lower weight categories at less than 37 weeks and ≤ 2500 g. Eight late miscarriages occurred in the intervention group and 15 in the control group. <b>Conclusion</b> Integrating a simple infection screening programme into routine antenatal care leads to a significant reduction in preterm births and reduces the rate of late miscarriage in a general population of pregnant women.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF HIGH AND LOW VISCOSITY GELATINS AFTER THEIR INTRAVENOUS INJECTION IN MAN 1
Authors: A. Lowell, H. Colcher, F. E. Kendall, A. J. Patek, D. Seegal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1946)

The need for a substitute for plasma in the treatment of shock in the past few years has re- sulted in renewed interest in the use of gelatin solutions for intravenous injection.Many investigators have shown that intravenous injections of specially prepared gelatin solutions are well tolerated by man (1 to 6).Gelatin is not a well defined chemical substance and its properties depend both upon the source material and the degree of molecular degradation during preparation.Studies at the Department of Physical Chemistry, Harvard Medical School, under the direction of Dr. E. J. Cohn (7) show that different lots of gelatin are best characterized by oncotic pressure, viscosity, and sedimentation pattern in the ultracentrifuge.In general, the least degraded products show the highest viscosity and the sharpest sedimentation pattern.The purpose of the present study was to com- pare the effects produced in man by the intra- venous injection of two gelatin solutions that dif- fered greatly in their physical properties.Each patient received at different times comparable amounts of a high viscosity and a low viscosity gelatin preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODSBoth preparations used in this study were ossein gelatin, and known to be pyrogen free.Low viscosity gelatin (LVG) was supplied by the Upjohn Gelatin Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan.This preparation, lot No. B20610- 27, was a 4.5 per cent solution in .isotonicsaline and con- tained the preservative phenyl mercuric borate 1: 25,000.The oncotic pressure was 70 mm. of mercury and the relative viscosity was 2.9 at 550 C. (7).This solution was fluid at room temperature.High viscosity gelation (HVG) was supplied by the Knox Gelatin Company, Camden, New Jersey.
Prejudice against doctors and students from ethnic minorities
Authors: S. Shaunak
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Prejudice against doctors and students from ethnic minorities SIR,-As Dr Richard Smith states (7 February, p 328), doctors trained overseas have been dis- advantaged in competing for jobs in the National Health Service.The study by Smith in 1980 proved this beyond any measure of doubt.'The profession's concern about the competence of many such doctors led to the recommendations of the Merrison Committee, in 1975, which required a substantial proportion ofoverseas doctors to take the Professional and Linguistic Assessment Board examination (PLAB), a test of professional com- petence at the level of senior house officer and of formal and colloquial English.
Pressure on the tracheal mucosa from cuffed tubes.
Authors: J M Leigh, J P Maynard
Journal: BMJ (1979)

During cuffed intubation, damage to the trachea is least likely when the lateral wall pressure exerted by the cuff does not exceed the mean capillary perfusion pressure of the mucosa. A study was carried out of eight different types of endotracheal tubes. At the seal point the traditional red rubber tube and the armoured latex and Softway tubes exerted pressures above the mean systemic arterial pressure. Although the Portex and Mallinckrodt tubes exerted pressures close to the mean capillary perfusion pressure, much higher pressures resulted if they were overinflated. The Lanz tube, however, with its over-pressure safety balloon, maintained a lateral wall pressure below the mean capillary perfusion pressure even when inflated considerably beyond the seal point. Endotracheal cuffs are often overinflated in clinical practice. Since cuff-induced tracheal damage is most influenced by the lateral wall pressure, these results suggest that the use of Lanz-type tubes should be mandatory in intensive care units or when a cuffed tracheostomy tube is required and they should also be considered for use in more routine anaesthetic practice.