tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delivery of the Placenta
Authors: D. J. A. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1958)

CORRRESPONDENCE MEDICLITJSONAL _7between ulcerative colitis and hysterical spasms which render the patient completely immobile.(4) The vivid description of the patient's spasms at the clinical meeting in 1957, and its effect on the observers, recalls the dramatic reactions of the famous hysterics in Charcot's demonstration of hysteria.To summarize, I suggest that there is little validity in the concept of the stiff-man syndrome, and that the clinical facts so ably marshalled by Dr. Asher can be more usefully assessed with a broader psychosomatic approach to the ill patient.-Iam, etc., London, W.13.
Foreign Body Granulomata of the Lungs Due to Liquid Paraffin
Authors: J. C. Wagner, D. I. Adler, D. N. Fuller
Journal: Thorax (1955)

This paper is based on the clinical, operative, and pathological findings of five cases of liquid paraffin granulomata of the lung. HISTORICALThe recognition of oil granulomata of the lung followed the use of oils as a vehicle for medicaments and radio-opaque substances in diagnostic bronchography.
On Buried Sutures, with Remarks on the Importance of Suturing Separately, Periosteum to Periosteum, Muscle to Muscle, Deep Fascia to Deep Fascia, and Skin to Skin, after Deep Incisions of All Kinds
Authors: C. B. Keetley
Journal: BMJ (1885)

BURIED sutures, or "sunk sutures," as they have been also called, are such as are completely covered by the skin, andI do not involve
Antidepressant, anxiolytic and anorectic effects of a melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor antagonist
Authors: Beth Borowsky, Margaret M. Durkin, Kristine Ogozalek, Mohammad R. Marzabadi, John DeLeon, Rainer Heurich, Harvey Lichtblau, Zoya Shaposhnik, Irena Daniewska, Thomas P. Blackburn, Theresa A. Branchek, Christophe Gerald, Pierre J. Vaysse, Carlos Forray
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Syphilitic Proctitis in a Homosexual
Authors: Malek M. Nazemi
Journal: JAMA (1975)

RECENT concern over gonococcal proctitis has not extended to interest in rectal infections caused by<i>Treponema pallidum</i>. Detection of rectal syphilis depends on maintaining a high index of suspicion and looking carefully for anal or rectal chancres. This is particularly important because the incidence of venereal disease has increased substantially in recent years and because early diagnosis and treatment prevent dissemination of<i>T pallidum</i>and the late complications of syphilis. We describe a patient who was hospitalized for treatment of "internal hemorrhoids" but who, in fact, had syphilitic proctitis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old, unmarried, homosexual man had rectal pain on defecation and mucoid, blood-streaked stool for the week before admission to the surgical service of the Veterans Administration Hospital in Houston. He had received intermittent treatment for rectal pain and bleeding resulting from hemorrhoids for the preceding few years but had been relatively free of complaints until the
Predicting Fetal Maturity
Authors: R. A. Underhill, J. M. Beazley, S. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

the risk of mutual interference between folic acid and anticonvulsants in the intestine.89If our interpretation of our findings is correct, then we have found a simple, harm- less, and very cheap method for the treat- ment and prevention of folic acid deficiency in chronic epileptics, which would also re- move the necessity for very large numbers of tedious time-consuming laboratory estimations of serum and red cell folate concentra- tions in such patients.This treatment might also have a place in the treatment of chronic psychiatric patients and geriatric patients admitted in a poor dietary state.-Weare, etc.,
Imaging tumor angiogenesis
Authors: K. Red-Horse, N. Ferrara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Since the discovery of vascular-specific growth factors with angiogenic activity, there has been a significant effort to develop cancer drugs that restrict tumorigenesis by targeting the blood supply. In this issue of the JCI, Mancuso et al. use mouse models to better understand the plasticity of the tumor vasculature in the face of antiangiogenic therapy (see the related article beginning on page 2610). They describe a rapid regrowth of the tumor vasculature following withdrawal of VEGFR inhibitors, emphasizing the importance of fully understanding the function of these and similar treatments used in the clinic at the cellular and molecular level.
Respiratory disease caused by synthetic fibres: a new occupational disease.
Authors: J C Pimentel, R Avila, A G Lourenco
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Seven patients exposed to the inhalation of synthetic fibres presented with various bronchopulmonary diseases, such as asthma, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, chronic bronchitis with bronchiectasis, spontaneous pneumothorax, and chronic pneumonia. The histological features are described and an attempt has been made to set up immunological techniques for the diagnosis. A series of histochemical techniques, based on textile chemistry, are proposed for the identification of the inclusions found in bronchopulmonary lesions. The results of the experimental production of the disease in guinea-pigs by the inhalation of synthetic fibre dusts are presented. The prognosis of these cases is good in the acute or recently established cases but is poor when widespread and irreversible fibrosis has set in. The authors consider that pulmonary disease due to inhaled particles is probably set off by an individual factor, possibly immunological.
Thrombocytopenia and Leucopenia Following Carbutamide
Authors: J. C. Phemister
Journal: BMJ (1957)

In a recent paper Duncan, Baird, and Dunlop (1956) gave an account of their use of N-butyl-N'-sulphanilylurea (carbutamide; BZ 55) in the control of a selected group of diabetics.Among toxic effects they reported thrombocytopenic purpura in two patients and a symptomless thrombocytopenia in several others, while throughout the group many patients showed depression of platelet or white-cel counts.They did not provide details of the blood findings or of the investigations which were being undertaken, and it is the purpose of the present paper to give them in full. MethodsPlatelet Counts.-These were made by the method of Oettle and Spriggs (1951), using a diluting fluid containing 1.2 g. of cocaine hydrochloride and 0.08 g. of sodium chloride in 40 ml. of distilled water.Normal platelet counts by this method lie between 210,000 and 400,000 per c.mm., and are commonly around 300,000 per c.mm. Counts of under 200,000 per c.mm. are regarded as abnormally low.Tests of Capillary Fragility.-Apositive-pressure test was used, and is described here as " Hess's test," though this is not strictly correct.The sphygmomanometer cuff was inflated round the upper arm to a pressure of between 90 and 100 mm.Hg, and left at this pressure for five minutes.It is notoriously difficult to classify the degree of response to such tests, and methods which pretend to numerical accuracy are misleading.Where tabulation has been required, the simple descriptive method of Ackroyd (1949) has been used, and this is explained in the legend to Table .I. Patch Testing.-Apiece of white lint approximately 1 cm.square was soaked with a suspension of pure car- butamide in a saturated solution in propylene glycol, and applied under a larger square of "cellophane" for 48 hours.Platelet Agglutinins.-Simpleexaminations were made for the agglutination or lysis of platelets by the methods recapitulated by Ackroyd (1953).Platelet-rich plasma was prepared from the blood of the patient under investigation, and this was examined for agglutination or
PERIARTERIAL SYMPATHECTOMY IN EPILEPSY
Authors: HENRY L. HIRSCH
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It has come to be considered axiomatic that a multiplicity of therapeutic methods in the treatment of a given disease connotes a paucity of cures attributable to any one method. Of no condition is this statement truer than of epilepsy. Sir William Gowers<sup>1</sup>casually mentions helminthiasis and ovarian and uterine abnormalities in a consideration of the etiology of epilepsy. In the same article he states that "it would be a waste of time to describe the various operations that have been advocated for epilepsy, whether on arteries or on the sympathetic nerves, which have their day and cease to be, not much to the credit of the profession." Block<sup>2</sup>quotes A. E. Russell as stating that "the fundamental factor underlying the epileptic fit is cerebral anemia." Russell in turn quotes Fox as "attributing the loss of consciousness and tonic spasm to cerebral vasoconstriction and the clonic convulsion to
Psychopharmacology and Psychobiology of Ethnicity
Authors: Joe Yamamoto
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Are there differences in the responses to medication among different ethnic groups? This book gives the state-of-the-art answer and discusses the increasingly complex issues in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications in whites, African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American Indians. In an interesting and provocative way, the authors describe the multiple issues involved in the choice of psychotropic medication for patients of diverse ethnic backgrounds and also consider appropriate dosages for individual patients. The first of the book's three sections is an introduction and overview, which discusses both the basic issues in psychopharmacology and psychobiology as related to ethnicity and the interface between psychobiology and ethnicity. Nonbiological issues and cultural considerations also are discussed. Chapter 3 deals with important issues like compliance and placebo effects. The second section focuses on ethnicity and psychopharmacology. Different chapters cover tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, lithium, neuroleptics, and ethanol. For example, in chapter 4,
Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: J Loscalzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The study of therapeutic interventions to bring about the regression of atherosclerosis has been a major part of atherosclerosis research. Until recently, however, this objective had been realized only in experimental animal models. In the early part of this century, Anitschkow1 first demonstrated in a rabbit model of diet-induced atherosclerosis that atheromatous lesions would regress on withdrawal of the cholesterol-rich diet. Since that seminal observation, many studies have confirmed these results in other vertebrates, including birds, swine, dogs, and nonhuman primates. Several important observations have been made in these studies: that the ability to induce regression depends on the animal . . .
Impaired thrombin-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation in mice lacking the Ca2+-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2
Authors: Ilaria Canobbio, Lina Cipolla, Alessandra Consonni, Stefania Momi, Gianni Guidetti, Barbara Oliviero, Marco Falasca, Mitsuhiko Okigaki, Cesare Balduini, Paolo Gresele, Mauro Torti
Journal: Blood (2012)
A new model of coronary microthrombosis in rats and the protective effect of a new thrombin inhibitor
Authors: Chengxing Shen, Junbo Ge, Lianglong Chen, Qingyong Zhang, Yukun Luo, Chun Liang, Shuangjie Li, Hao Zhu Chen, Houyan Song, Wei Mo, Duan Ma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
At the Mercy of Flowers
Authors: Gary Stein
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of various plasminogen activators on prostacyclin synthesis in cultured vascular cells.
Authors: H Kawaguchi, H Yasuda
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

In this study, we examined the effects of various plasminogen activators on arachidonic acid release and prostacyclin biosynthesis in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Prostacyclin was the major product formed from arachidonic acid in aortic smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. When intact cells were incubated with streptokinase, one of the plasminogen activators, a significant stimulatory effect on prostacyclin biosynthetic activity in cells was evident without any cellular damage at all concentrations used (1-5,000 units/ml). Streptokinase also caused a marked release of arachidonic acid. However, when it was incubated with cell-free homogenates and [3H]arachidonic acid, it did not show any effects on prostacyclin biosynthesis. The addition of urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator had no effect on prostacyclin biosynthesis. Urokinase stimulated the release of arachidonic acid from cells, but it did not show any effect on prostacyclin release at any concentration of urokinase (1-5,000 units/ml). The release of arachidonic acid and the increased prostacyclin synthesis were not observed when tissue-type plasminogen activator was added. These results indicate that, among various plasminogen activators investigated, only streptokinase causes the release of arachidonic acid and prostacyclin. This could be a beneficial effect in thrombolytic therapy.
Serotonin Production by Bronchial Adenomas Without the Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: Richard R. Pichel Warner
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Two cases of bronchial carcinoid without discernible distant metastasis and without the carcinoid syndrome are reported. In both cases preoperative diagnosis was facilitated by finding hyperserotoninemia and increased urinary 5-HIAA. Following surgery, the values returned to normal, indicating that resection was complete. Both tumors contained increased amounts of serotonin. Pertinent features of previously reported serotonin-producing lung tumors are reviewed. The finding of increased indoles in these 2 cases without the clinical carcinoid syndrome is not surprising, in view of current evidence which suggests that most carcinoid-type bronchial adenomas produce some serotonin. It is concluded that urine and blood indole studies may aid in diagnosing bronchial adenomas, even in the absence of distant metastases and the carcinoid syndrome.
Specific HIV-Related Problems of Women Gain More Attention at a Price—Affecting More Women
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

QUESTIONS outnumbered answers and anecdotal accounts nearly eclipsed study conclusions at the sessions on women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease at the Eighth International Conference on AIDS, held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. But the fact that 25 sessions were devoted to the subject at this year's conference, rather than three as in 1991, is encouraging to sufferers and scientists alike. Worldwide, the number of women who become infected with HIV—and progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—will soon surpass the number of men with the disease. In 1990, the proportion of HIV-positive adults who were women was 25%. Today, it is at least 40% and continuing to rise, according to<i>AIDS in the World 1992</i>(<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:445-446). Why devote special conference sessions to one sex when talking about something that so obviously involves both? For one thing, following directly from the number of women infected is the number of children born
Rescue of Cardiomyopathy in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Transgenic Mice by Deletion of Lipoprotein Lipase Identifies Sources of Cardiac Lipids and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Activators
Authors: Jennifer G. Duncan, Kalyani G. Bharadwaj, Juliet L. Fong, Riddhi Mitra, Nandakumar Sambandam, Michael R. Courtois, Kory J. Lavine, Ira J. Goldberg, Daniel P. Kelly
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Emerging evidence in obesity and diabetes mellitus demonstrates that excessive myocardial fatty acid uptake and oxidation contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of the fatty acid-activated nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (myosin heavy chain [MHC]-PPARalpha mice) exhibit phenotypic features of the diabetic heart, which are rescued by deletion of CD36, a fatty acid transporter, despite persistent activation of PPARalpha gene targets involved in fatty acid oxidation.To further define the source of fatty acid that leads to cardiomyopathy associated with lipid excess, we crossed MHC-PPARalpha mice with mice deficient for cardiac lipoprotein lipase (hsLpLko). MHC-PPARalpha/hsLpLko mice exhibit improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial triglyceride content compared with MHC-PPARalpha mice. Surprisingly, in contrast to MHC-PPARalpha/CD36ko mice, the activity of the cardiac PPARalpha gene regulatory pathway is normalized in MHC-PPARalpha/hsLpLko mice, suggesting that PPARalpha ligand activity exists in the lipoprotein particle. Indeed, LpL mediated hydrolysis of very-low-density lipoprotein activated PPARalpha in cardiac myocytes in culture. The rescue of cardiac function in both models was associated with improved mitochondrial ultrastructure and reactivation of transcriptional regulators of mitochondrial function.MHC-PPARalpha mouse hearts acquire excess lipoprotein-derived lipids. LpL deficiency rescues myocyte triglyceride accumulation, mitochondrial gene regulatory derangements, and contractile function in MHC-PPARalpha mice. Finally, LpL serves as a source of activating ligand for PPARalpha in the cardiomyocyte.
Pathologist and Patient — Drinking and Driving — Pep Pills, Tranquilizers or Courage?
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE sections of Medicine and Pathology of the Royal Society of Medicine recently held a joint meeting to consider the relation between the pathologist and the patient.In his opening address Professor Blacklock said that the emphasis in pathology had greatly changed in recent years. In his student days he remembered being taught that the physicians knew everything and did nothing; the surgeons knew nothing and did everything, and the pathologists knew everything and did everything, but too late.Because pathological investigations now play such an important part in clinical diagnosis, the art of medicine had been forced to yield . . .
Extracts from "Clinical Evidence": Acute asthma
Authors: M. FitzGerald
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Neuropsychological investigations of patients with Parkinson9s disease, schizophrenia, or attention deficit disorder converge with psychopharmacological studies in animals and healthy volunteers to implicate dopamine (DA) pathways in timing. In parallel, single-cell recording and functional neuroimaging studies have highlighted the importance of basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, and supplementary motor area (SMA) for timing. In a placebo-controlled, within-subject design, we combined event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging with a DA manipulation (acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion; APTD) in healthy volunteers to pinpoint the neuroanatomical and functional substrates of the DA modulation of timing. Behaviorally, APTD selectively impaired accuracy of perceptual timing, with no effect on performance of a color-control task matched for difficulty, working memory (WM), and attentional demands. Neurally, APTD attenuated timing-specific activity in the putamen and SMA. Notably, APTD-induced decreases in brain activity were directly correlated to APTD-induced impairments in timing performance. Moreover, APTD modulated timing-specific activity selectively during initial storage of the sample duration, but had no effect during its subsequent retrieval or comparison to a probe. Our results do not simply reflect DA modulation of WM since the color task controlled for the WM updating process necessary for timing of durations in the seconds range. Moreover, preliminary evidence indicated APTD effects on putamen and SMA were greater for subsecond (540 ms) than suprasecond (1080 ms) durations, when WM demands would actually be lower. Instead, we show for the first time in healthy humans that DA manipulation perturbs timing by attenuating the activity in putamen and SMA that mediates initial storage of temporal information into WM.
Radiation and Pituitary Dysfunction
Authors: Steven M. Shalet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Deficiency of one or more anterior pituitary hormones may follow treatment with external radiation when the hypothalamic-pituitary axis falls within the fields of radiation. Hypopituitarism has been described in patients who received radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma,1,2 tumors of the pituitary gland3,4 or nearby structures, and primary brain tumors,5,6 as well as in children who underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia or total-body irradiation for a variety of tumors and other diseases.On the basis of their studies of children and adults with brain tumors who underwent cranial irradiation, Constine et al. conclude in this . . .
CAROTID ARTERY DISTENSIBILITY AND HORMONE THERAPY DURING MENOPAUSE: THE LOS ANGELES ATHEROSCLEROSIS STUDY (LAAS)
Authors: Chrisandra Shufelt, B. Delia Johnson, Puja Mehta, Vera Bittner, Glenn Braunstein, Sarah Berga, Frank Stanczyk, Kathleen Dwyer, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Comparative Evaluation of the Multiple RAST and Discrete RAST for Inhalant Allergy
Authors: L. S. De Clerck, J. A. Verhelst, W. Bleys, P. Blockx, W. J. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (1986)

With the conventional, discrete RAST various tests are required to detect IgE of different specificities in the same serum. To overcome this problem and to reduce the costs, a multiple RAST with seven different mixtures was compared with the individual mixture constituents and with the 12 individual allergens currently in use in our department. One grass pollen mixture (gx3), two weed pollen mixtures (wx3, wx4), two tree pollen mixtures (tx5, tx6), one mould mixture (mx1) and one epithelial mixture (ex1) were used. A mixture of mites was not evaluated as there is only one important pathogenic organism in our regions ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or House dust mite). For grasses the gx3 mixture offered no advantage over the discrete RAST. The weed mixture wx3 was more sensitive than the most common discrete RAST's but at the cost of specificity. The wx4 mixture should not be used because the specificity is too low. The tree mixtures were not significantly more sensitive than the most common individual tree allergens, and were less specific. Mould mixtures should not be used because there is little cross‐reactivity between the individual allergens, thus using a mixture would necessitate the subsequent determination of individual allergens, and the number of tests and the cost would be even higher. Neither should a mixture be used for epithelia because one wants to detect allergies to individual allergens. Moreover, the sensitivity of the epithelial mixture was too low. In general, we suggest the use of a limited panel of discrete RAST's instead of mixtures.