tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pennyroyal Metabolites in Human Poisoning
Authors: Paula G. Carmichael
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 February 1997Pennyroyal Metabolites in Human PoisoningPaula G. Carmichael, MDPaula G. Carmichael, MDNorth Grafton, MA 01536Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Although it is lamentable that many herbal preparations of questionable safety are readily available, I think that Anderson and colleagues [1] wrongly characterize one of their cases as "the fatal case" of pennyroyal ingestion. In their article, we find that this patient was a young woman who had attempted to induce abortion and presented with rigors, which were followed by cardiopulmonary arrest, a "rigid abdomen," a "hemorrhagic … ectopic pregnancy with indications of superinfection," "a substantial amount of old blood," sustained hypotension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Why was her death blamed on the pennyroyal ingestion rather than ...REFERENCE1. Anderson IB, Mullen WH, Meeker JE, Khojasteh-Bakht SC, Oishi S, Nelson SD, et al. Pennyroyal toxicity: measurement of toxic metabolite levels in two cases and review of the literature. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:726-34. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paula G. Carmichael, MDAffiliations: North Grafton, MA 01536 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMentha pulegium L.: A Plant Underestimated for Its Toxicity to Be Recovered from the Perspective of the Circular EconomyPoisonous PlantsHepatitis por hierbas chinasMitigation of Pennyroyal Oil Hepatotoxicity in the Mouse 1 February 1997Volume 126, Issue 3Page: 250KeywordsBloodDisseminated intravascular coagulationIngestionLiverMetabolitesNecrosisShockSuperinfectionsUterusVagina ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nephrin Preserves Podocyte Viability and Glomerular Structure and Function in Adult Kidneys
Authors: Xuezhu Li, Peter Y. Chuang, Vivette D. D’Agati, Yan Dai, Rabi Yacoub, Jia Fu, Jin Xu, Oltjon Taku, Prem K. Premsrirut, Lawrence B. Holzman, John Cijiang He
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Nephrin is required during kidney development for the maturation of podocytes and formation of the slit diaphragm junctional complex. Because nephrin expression is downregulated in acquired glomerular diseases, nephrin deficiency is considered a pathologic feature of glomerular injury. However, whether nephrin deficiency exacerbates glomerular injury in glomerular diseases has not been experimentally confirmed. Here, we generated mice with inducible RNA interference–mediated nephrin knockdown. Short-term nephrin knockdown (6 weeks), starting after the completion of kidney development at 5 weeks of age, did not affect glomerular structure or function. In contrast, mice with long-term nephrin knockdown (20 weeks) developed mild proteinuria, foot process effacement, filtration slit narrowing, mesangial hypercellularity and sclerosis, glomerular basement membrane thickening, subendothelial zone widening, and podocyte apoptosis. When subjected to an acquired glomerular insult induced by unilateral nephrectomy or doxorubicin, mice with short-term nephrin knockdown developed more severe glomerular injury compared with mice without nephrin knockdown. Additionally, nephrin-knockdown mice developed more exaggerated glomerular enlargement when subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and more podocyte apoptosis and depletion after doxorubicin challenge. AKT phosphorylation, which is a slit diaphragm–mediated and nephrin-dependent pathway in the podocyte, was markedly reduced in mice with long-term or short-term nephrin knockdown challenged with uninephrectomy or doxorubicin. Taken together, our data establish that under the basal condition and in acquired glomerular diseases, nephrin is required to maintain slit diaphragm integrity and slit diaphragm–mediated signaling to preserve glomerular function and podocyte viability in adult mice.
Prenatal and Early Childhood Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene and Adult Vision
Authors: Kelly D. Getz, Patricia A. Janulewicz, Susannah Rowe, Janice M. Weinberg, Michael R. Winter, Brett R. Martin, Veronica M. Vieira, Roberta F. White, Ann Aschengrau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE; or perchloroethylene) has been implicated in visual impairments among adults with occupational and environmental exposures as well as children born to women with occupational exposure during pregnancy.Using a population-based retrospective cohort study, we examined the association between prenatal and early childhood exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and deficits in adult color vision and contrast sensitivity.We estimated the amount of PCE that was delivered to the family residence from participants' gestation through 5 years of age. We administered to this now adult study population vision tests to assess acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color discrimination.Participants exposed to higher PCE levels exhibited lower contrast sensitivity at intermediate and high spatial frequencies compared with unexposed participants, although the differences were generally not statistically significant. Exposed participants also exhibited poorer color discrimination than unexposed participants. The difference in mean color confusion indices (CCI) was statistically significant for the Farnsworth test but not Lanthony's D-15d test [Farnsworth CCI mean difference = 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.003, 0.10; Lanthony CCI mean difference = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.15].Prenatal and early childhood exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water may be associated with long-term subclinical visual dysfunction in adulthood, particularly with respect to color discrimination. Further investigation of this association in similarly exposed populations is necessary.
Skeletal myoblast transplantation for repair of myocardial necrosis.
Authors: C E Murry, R W Wiseman, S M Schwartz, S D Hauschka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Myocardial infarcts heal by scarring because myocardium cannot regenerate. To determine if skeletal myoblasts could establish new contractile tissue, hearts of adult inbred rats were injured by freeze-thaw, and 3-4.5 x 10(6) neonatal skeletal muscle cells were transplanted immediately thereafter. At 1 d the graft cells were proliferating and did not express myosin heavy chain (MHC). By 3 d, multinucleated myotubes were present which expressed both embryonic and fast fiber MHCs. At 2 wk, electron microscopy demonstrated possible satellite stem cells. By 7 wk the grafts began expressing beta-MHC, a hallmark of the slow fiber phenotype; coexpression of embryonic, fast, and beta-MHC continued through 3 mo. Transplanting myoblasts 1 wk after injury yielded comparable results, except that grafts expressed beta-MHC sooner (by 2 wk). Grafts never expressed cardiac-specific MHC-alpha. Wounds containing 2-wk-old myoblast grafts contracted when stimulated ex vivo, and high frequency stimulation induced tetanus. Furthermore, the grafts could perform a cardiac-like duty cycle, alternating tetanus and relaxation, for at least 6 min. Thus, skeletal myoblasts can establish new muscle tissue when grafted into injured hearts, and this muscle can contract when stimulated electrically. Because the grafts convert to fatigue-resistant, slow twitch fibers, this new muscle may be suited to a cardiac work load.
Pellino3 targets the IRF7 pathway and facilitates autoregulation of TLR3- and viral-induced expression of type I interferons
Authors: Jakub Siednienko, Ruaidhri Jackson, Mark Mellett, Nezira Delagic, Shuo Yang, Bingwei Wang, Lisa S Tang, John J Callanan, Bernard P Mahon, Paul N Moynagh
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Containers for Prescription Drugs
Authors: John C. Wilkie
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Reference is made to the COMMENTARY of Sherman and associates (241:1001, 1979) concerning the problems experienced by elderly patients receiving prescriptions in child-resistant containers. The authors state that the patients and physicians do not apparently know about their options and the pharmacists fail to offer their patients the opportunity to have a nonchild-resistant prescription container. Section 4(b) of the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 is specific relative to the packaging of prescription drugs in conventional (noncomplying) packages by pharmacists. That section of the Act states: In the case of a household substance which is subject to such a standard and which is dispensed pursuant to an order of a physician, dentist, or other licensed medical practitioner authorized to prescribe, such substance may be dispensed in noncomplying packages only when directed in such order or when requested by the purchaser. I agree with the comments that there
Abstract 1808: HM-032, a novel PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, is active on K-Ras/Raf mutation tumors through up-regulation of Bim
Authors: Yumin Cui, Weihan Zhang, Yongxin Ren, Mingchuan Guo, Jingwen Long, Enkun Zhou, Yang Sai, Jian Wang, James Yan, Jia Li, Weiguo Qing, Weiguo Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PIK3CA gene amplification and mutations have been identified in many types of tumors, suggesting the deregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis plays pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and development. K-Ras/Raf mutation is recognized as one of the key drug resistant factors for tumors against TKIs. HM-032 was reported here as a potent, selective and reversible ATP-competitive PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor with special apoptotic activity in tumor cells harboring K-Ras mutations. HM-032 showed potent kinase inhibition with IC50 of 0.0008, 0.002, 0.001, 0.002 and 0.001 µM on PI3Kα, β, δ, ≤ and mTOR, respectively. In human prostate PC3 cells, it inhibited p-AKTS473, p-S6 and p-4EPB1 with IC50s of 0.002, 0.015 and 0.056 μM. Of the 89 tumor cell lines from lung, colon, breast, ovarian, and other tumor types, it was found that tumor cells with HER2 gene amplification, or PIK3CA mutation were relatively more sensitive to HM-032. Attractively, HM-032 showed apoptotic induction activity in the tumor cells harboring Ras/Raf mutations through inhibiting p-Erk and increasing gene expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bim. This result suggested that HM-032 might bring benefits to patients carrying K-Ras/Raf mutations in the clinic. Consistent with in vitro studies, HM-032 exhibited significant tumor growth inhibition in a dose dependent manner on multiple human xenograft models, including breast tumor MDA-MB-361(PIK3CAE545K, Her2 amplification), lung tumors H460 (PIK3CAE545K, K-RasQ61H) and A549 (LKB1 del, K-RasG12S), and glioblastoma U87MG (PTEN del) after 3 weeks oral dosing. Correspondingly, decrease of p-AKT and p-S6 was observed in the tumor xenograft tissues upon treatment with HM-032. In addition, HM-032 exhibited unique in vivo PK properties characterized by low clearance and long t1/2, which supported the intermittent dosing schedule in xenograft models. Based on the pre-clinical study results, HM-032 is anticipated to be a promising agent against solid tumors including carrying Ras/Raf mutations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1808. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1808
High survival rate with the LMT-89 regimen in lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL), but not in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
Authors: E Jabbour, S Koscielny, C Sebban, N Peslin, C Patte, T Gargi, P Biron, C Fermé, J H Bourhis, J M Vantelon, P Arnaud, V Ribrag
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Angina Pectoris in Men
Authors: CHARLES W. FRANK, EVE WEINBLATT, SAM SHAPIRO
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Prognosis of men whose first manifestation of coronary heart disease was angina without antecedent infarction was found to resemble closely that of men followed after an initial MI. Overall mortality over a period of 4.5 years following a baseline examination was the same in the two cohorts: 17.5%. In both groups of men electrocardiographic abnormalities and blood pressure elevation identified subsets of coronary patients with a relatively poor prognosis, but the course of disease was apparently not influenced by the serum cholesterol level. Among the men with angina no relationship emerged between symptomatic status at time of baseline and risk of mortality in the ensuing observation period. The findings are from the HIP (Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York) study of the incidence and prognosis of coronary heart disease, a prospective study of a general population of 110,000 men and women aged 25-64 years.
The Syndrome of Chronic, Occult Rupture of the Spleen
Authors: David Prager
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In some 14% of patients with a ruptured spleen, the onset of the hemorrhage is delayed days or weeks after the initial injury. This syndrome is of clinical significance, for the patient may later present with a variety of confusing signs and symptoms. Four patients presented with this syndrome and exhibited a mass in the left upper abdominal quadrant, variable anemia, bone marrow findings of erythroid hyperplasia, and absent iron stores, ahaptoglobinemia, abnormal radioisotope spleen scans, and x-ray films of the abdomen.
Platelets and metastasis revisited: a novel fatty link
Authors: Gaorav P. Gupta, Joan Massagué
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Platelets have long been suspected of having a role in cancer progression and metastasis that has largely been attributed to platelet-mediated enhancement of tumor cell survival, extravasation, and angiogenesis. A study in this issue of the JCI suggests that platelet-derived lysophosphatidic acid is coopted by aggressive breast and ovarian cancer cells as a tumor cell mitogen and promoter of osteolysis during bone metastasis.
Argumentation: Its adaptiveness and efficacy
Authors: Hugo Mercier, Dan Sperber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Having defended the usefulness of our definition of reasoning, we stress that reasoning is not only for convincing but also for evaluating arguments, and that as such it has an epistemic function. We defend the evidence supporting the theory against several challenges: People are good informal arguers, they reason better in groups, and they have a confirmation bias. Finally, we consider possible extensions, first in terms of process-level theories of reasoning, and second in the effects of reasoning outside the lab.
Use and Abuse of Drugs — Persistent Attenders — Business Media
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

SIR Derrick Dunlop, who is chairman of the Government Committee on Drug Safety, delivered this year's Charles Hastings Memorial Lecture of the British Medical Association. The lecturer is expected to choose a topic related to public health, and Sir Derrick appropriately spoke on the use and abuse of drugs.He said that although Britain had been described as a nation of pill swallowers, with a national drug bill of £100,000,000, less was in fact spent on medicine per head of population than in any other Western European country except Denmark. Furthermore, the amount spent on drugs was only a tenth . . .
Noninvasive Carotid Artery Testing
Authors: Eugene Oddone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 October 1995Noninvasive Carotid Artery TestingEugene Oddone, MD, MHSc, Dean Blakeley, MD, and David Matchar, MDEugene Oddone, MD, MHScVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705Duke University; Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this author, Dean Blakeley, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705Duke University; Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this author, and David Matchar, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705Duke University; Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-8-199510150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Drs. Howard and Toole that the influence of publication bias can be under-appreciated by readers of meta-analytic reviews. The noninvasive test performance data from the ACAS study underscore the difficulty in making generalizations from published data. Publication bias systematically overestimates the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for the reasons that Drs. Howard and Toole listed. These comments have two important implications: First, noninvasive test performance is operator-dependent and should be the object of quality improvement. As Drs. Howard and Toole note, clinicians must assess the performance of their noninvasive laboratory before referring patients for noninvasive tests. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eugene Oddone, MD, MHSc; Dean Blakeley, MD; David Matchar, MDAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705Duke University; Durham, NC 27705 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1995Volume 123, Issue 8Page: 634KeywordsAngiographyAtherosclerosisCarotid arteriesPatient Protection and Affordable Care ActPatientsQuality improvementResearch laboratoriesStenosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Relations among CD4 Lymphocyte Count Nadir, Antiretroviral Therapy, and HIV-1 Disease Progression: Results from the EuroSIDA Study
Authors: Veronica Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: The effect of previous CD4 cell count nadir on clinical progression in patients with increases in CD4 cell counts has not been investigated. Objective: To assess risk for progression of HIV disease in patients with CD4 counts of at least 200 cells/mm3 (stratified by the lowest previous CD4 count) and compare the rate of progression in patients with CD4 counts less than 50 cells/mm3 with that in patients whose CD4 counts rebounded from less than 50 cells/mm3 to at least 200 cells/mm3. Design: Prospective, observational multicenter study. Setting: 52 HIV outpatient clinics in Europe. Patients: Two groups were identified: those with CD4 counts of at least 200 cells/mm3 (group A) and those with CD4 counts less than 50 cells/mm3 (group B). Group A was stratified according to the lowest previous CD4 count: at least 150 cells/mm3 (stratum 1), 100 to 149 cells/mm3 (stratum 2), 50 to 99 cells/mm3 (stratum 3), and 1 to 50 cells/mm3 (stratum 4). Measurements: Patients were followed until a progression event occurred (first AIDS-defining event, new AIDS-defining event, or death) or until the CD4 count decreased to less than 200 cells/mm3 (group A) or increased to more than 50 cells/mm3 (group B). Incidence rates were based on a patient-years analysis and reported as events per 100 patient-years of follow-up; the relative hazards for progression were based on Cox proportional-hazards models. Results: The overall rate of disease progression in group A was 3.9 per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 3.5 to 4.3 per 100 patient-years), whereas in group B it was much higher (72.9 per 100 patient-years [CI, 69.0 to 76.8 per 100 patient-years]). In group A, the rate increased in patients with previous low CD4 cell count nadirs, resulting in a significant increase in the relative hazard for progression. The relative hazards for strata 2, 3, and 4 were 2.29 (CI, 1.30 to 4.03), 3.65 (CI, 1.94 to 6.85), and 2.94 (CI, 1.44 to 6.00), respectively. Conclusions: Increases in CD4 counts from very low levels to at least 200 cells/mm3 are associated with a much reduced rate of disease progression. However, a previously low CD4 cell count nadir remains associated with a moderately higher risk for disease progression among patients with CD4 counts of at least 200 cells/mm3. *For members of the EuroSIDA Study Group, see Appendix.
Philadelphia doctor who ran "baby charnel house" is charged with murder
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Kermit Gosnell, a doctor who operated an abortion clinic in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and nine associates were charged with eight counts of murder for allegedly killing seven babies who had been born alive by cutting their spinal cords with scissors and for the death of a 41 year old Bhutanese refugee woman who died from an overdose of painkiller in 2009.

The Philadelphia district attorney, Seth Williams, said that hundreds of other babies had probably died in Dr Gosnell’s clinic between 1979 and 2010.

State authorities have suspended Dr Gosnell’s licence and closed the clinic.

William Brennan, the lawyer who represented Dr Gosnell during the grand jury investigation, said that the doctor believed that he had provided general medical care in an impoverished area for 40 years. Mr Brennan said that he was no longer representing Dr Gosnell, the Associated Press news agency has reported. 

A grand jury report called Dr Gosnell’s clinic dangerous and filthy. It recommended prosecuting Dr Gosnell and members of his …
676 EFFECT OF INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY ON THE LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS
Authors: K.T. Yoon, J.K. Kim, J.Y. Park, D.Y. Kim, S.H. Ahn, O. Baatarkhuu, B.S. Moon, C.Y. Chon, Y.M. Moon, K.H. Han
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Disease Burdens Associated with PM <sub>2.5</sub> Exposure: How a New Model Provided Global Estimates
Authors: Carrie Arnold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

How a New Model Provided Global EstimatesLike traffic jams and cell phones, particulate air pollution is a reality of modern living.Whether it's from cigarette smoking, industrial emissions, or the burning of wood and dung for fuel, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has been strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, inflammation, lung cancer, and other lung diseases. 1,2As part of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2010 collaboration, 3 an internationalThe GBD 2010 team incorporated information about the health risks of PM 2.5 from ambient air pollution, active smoking, secondhand smoke, and indoor burning of solid fuels into an integrated exposure-response model.
Revisiting oxidative damage in ALS: microglia, Nox, and mutant SOD1
Authors: Séverine Boillée, Don W. Cleveland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Mutation in superoxide dismutase–1 (SOD1) causes the inherited degenerative neurological disease familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a non–cell-autonomous disease: mutant SOD1 synthesis in motor neurons and microglia drives disease onset and progression, respectively. In this issue of the JCI, Harraz and colleagues demonstrate that SOD1 mutants expressed in human cell lines directly stimulate NADPH oxidase (Nox) by binding to Rac1, resulting in overproduction of damaging ROS (see the related article beginning on page 659). Diminishing ROS by treatment with the microglial Nox inhibitor apocynin or by elimination of Nox extends survival in ALS mice, reviving the proposal that ROS mediate ALS pathogenesis, but with a new twist: it's ROS produced by microglia.