tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A good response to early DMARD treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the first year predicts remission during follow up
Authors: S M M Verstappen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To describe the frequency and duration of remission in the Utrecht rheumatoid arthritis cohort of patients followed since diagnosis, and the clinical and treatment characteristics of patients with remission v those without.In 1990 the Utrecht rheumatoid arthritis cohort study group started a clinical trial in which patients with recent onset of rheumatoid arthritis (<1 year) were randomised into four treatment groups: hydroxychloroquine (n = 169); intramuscular gold (n = 163); methotrexate (n = 166); and pyramid (n = 64). After two years, rheumatologists were allowed to prescribe any disease modifying antirheumatic drug. Remission was defined as: duration of morning stiffness < or =15 min, mean VAS pain < or =10 mm, Thompson joint score < or =10, and ESR < or =30 mm/h during at least six months. Cox regression analysis was used to determine baseline clinical, demographic, and treatment predictors of remission.Mean follow up duration was 62 months. Thirty six per cent achieved at least one period of remission. Median duration between diagnosis and the first remission period was 15 months for the intramuscular gold group, 18 months for the methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine groups, and 24 months for the pyramid group (NS). Predictors of remission were early response to initial treatment, less pain, rheumatoid factor negativity, and lower joint score at baseline.After a mean follow up duration of 62 months, only 36% of the patients had fulfilled the remission criteria at least once. A good response to treatment during the first year seems to be independently associated with remission rather than initial treatment alone.
Maternal and fetal nutrition in south India.
Authors: J R Sibert, M Jadhav, S G Inbaraj
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The relation between the nutrition of the mother and that of her baby was assessed in a south Indian community where malnutrition is common and women do not smoke. Unselected mothers and their infants of over 37 weeks' gestation were studied in two groups: those who paid for their care (150) and a poorer group who did not (172). There were significnat differences between the paying and non-paying groups in maternal triceps skinfold thickness, infant weight, and infant length. Overall there was a significant positive correlation between maternal triceps thickness and infant weight, length, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness. The correlation with the infant head circumference was less significant. These findings are further evidence that the nutrition of the mother has an important effect on the nutrition of her baby and that malnutrition is an important reason why Indian babies are lighter than European ones.
Medical Care Delivery at the 1996 Olympic Games
Authors: Scott F. Wetterhall
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Mass gatherings like the 1996 Olympic Games require medical services for large populations assembled under unusual circumstances.To examine delivery of medical services and to provide data for planning future events.Observational cohort study, with review of medical records at Olympics medical facilities.One large multipurpose clinic and 128 medical aid stations operating at Olympics-sponsored sites in the vicinity of Atlanta, Ga.A total of 10715 patients, including 1804 athletes, 890 officials, 480 Olympic dignitaries, 3280 volunteers, 3482 spectators, and 779 others who received medical care from a physician at an Olympic medical station.Number of injuries and cases of heat-related illness among participant categories, medical use rates among participants with official Games credentials, and use rates per 10000 persons attending athletic competitions.Injuries, accounting for 35% of all medical visits, were more common among athletes (51.9% of their visits, P < .001) than among other groups. Injuries accounted for 31.4% of all other groups combined. Spectators and volunteers accounted for most (88.9%, P < .001) of the 1059 visits for heat-related illness. The rates for number of medical encounters treated by a physician were highest for athletes (16.2 per 100 persons, P < .001) and lowest for volunteers (2.0 per 100). Overall physician treatment rate was 4.2 per 10000 in attendance (range, 1.6-30.1 per 10000). A total of 432 patients were transferred to hospitals.Organizers used these data during the Games to monitor the health of participants and to redirect medical and other resources to areas of increased need. These data should be useful for planning medical services for future mass gatherings.
Significance of plasma beta-endorphin in silent myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina in comparison with plasma bradykinin at exercise
Authors: Hiroyuki Hikita, Akira Kurita, Bonpei Takase, Akimi Uehata, Toshihiko Nishioka, Toshiharu Maruyama, Hirokazu Nagayoshi, Kyouichi Mizuno, Haruo Nakamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Baseline interpatient hepatitis B viral diversity differentiates HBsAg outcomes in patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Authors: Prista Charuworn, Paul N. Hengen, Raul Aguilar Schall, Phillip Dinh, Dongliang Ge, Amoreena Corsa, Hendrik W. Reesink, Fabien Zoulim, Kathryn M. Kitrinos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Evaluation of warning arrhythmias before paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia during acute myocardial infarction in man.
Authors: N de Soyza, D Meacham, M L Murphy, J J Kane, J E Doherty, J K Bissett
Journal: Circulation (1979)

In order to determine the relationship of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (PVT) to any antecedent (premonitory) ventricular arrhythmias during the early phases of acute myocardial infarctions, 24-hour Holter monitoring was begun on 52 male patients an average of 12.6 hours after the onset of prolonged chest pain that was documented as acute infraction. Twenty-four patients had PVT and 28 did not. We analyzed in detail the incidence of frequency of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), prematurity and pairing during the 10 minutes immediately preceding PVT from a continuous 10-minute rhythm strip. There was no positive correlation between PVT and the number or complexity of PVCs in the 10 minutes immediately before ventricular tachycardia. These findings suggest that there is no consistent pattern or frequency of ventricular arrhythmia that could be identified as premonitory for PVT during the immediate pre-PVT period, even during the acute phase of myocardial infarction in man.
Speech Pathology: An Applied Behavioral Science
Authors: Hubert L. Gerstman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

What gives birth to a new profession or specialty? When does such an entity acquire independent status? For medical practitioners concerned with the development of cross disciplinary activity in general and with communication disorders in particular, some fascinating reading will be found in this text. Dr. Perkins has written a clear, succinct and welldocumented survey that commands attention for both its style and substance. The first section reviews the historic and scientific roots of the discipline of speech science and does so in terms of the dynamic nature of communication function. Motor, acoustic and perceptual phonetics, and the classical bases of speech (including linguistic, psychologic, social, and developmental aspects) are explored. Interactional elements requiring basic categorical information (eg, in neurology or psychology) are delineated, and provide the rationale for interdisciplinary training relative to the "speech" process. The second section of the book deals with the application of basic information to
Air Pollution and Percent Emphysema Identified by Computed Tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sara D. Adar, Joel D. Kaufman, Ana V. Diez-Roux, Eric A. Hoffman, Jennifer D’Souza, Karen H. Stukovsky, Stephen S. Rich, Jerome I. Rotter, Xiuqing Guo, Leslie J. Raffel, Paul D. Sampson, Assaf P. Oron, Trivellore Raghunathan, R. Graham Barr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Air pollution is linked to low lung function and to respiratory events, yet little is known of associations with lung structure.We examined associations of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) with percent emphysema-like lung on computed tomography (CT).The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) recruited participants (45-84 years of age) in six U.S. states. Percent emphysema was defined as lung regions < -910 Hounsfield Units on cardiac CT scans acquired following a highly standardized protocol. Spirometry was also conducted on a subset. Individual-level 1- and 20-year average air pollution exposures were estimated using spatiotemporal models that included cohort-specific measurements. Multivariable regression was conducted to adjust for traditional risk factors and study location.Among 6,515 participants, we found evidence of an association between percent emphysema and long-term pollution concentrations in an analysis leveraging between-city exposure contrasts. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 (5 μg/m3) and NOx (25 ppb) over the previous year were associated with 0.6 (95% CI: 0.1, 1.2%) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.9%) higher average percent emphysema, respectively. However, after adjustment for study site the associations were -0.6% (95% CI: -1.5, 0.3%) for PM2.5 and -0.5% (95% CI: -1.1, 0.02%) for NOx. Lower lung function measures (FEV1 and FVC) were associated with higher PM2.5 and NOx levels in 3,791 participants before and after adjustment for study site, though most associations were not statistically significant.Associations between ambient air pollution and percentage of emphysema-like lung were inconclusive in this cross-sectional study, thus longitudinal analyses may better clarify these associations with percent emphysema.
PPAD is not targeted as a citrullinated protein in rheumatoid arthritis, but remains a candidate for inducing autoimmunity
Authors: Maximilian F Konig, Clifton O Bingham, Felipe Andrade
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

PPAD is targeted as a citrullinated protein in rheumatoid arthritis, but remains a candidate for inducing autoimmunityWe thank Dr Quirke and colleagues for their interest in our study.We have some concerns, however, that the authors' attempt to reconcile our work on Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) autocitrullination with their model of periodontal disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) misrepresents our data. 1 2 The discovery that citrullination is the primary antigenic determinant recognised by autoantibodies in RA has generated considerable interest in the family of enzymes, peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), that catalyse this post-translational protein modification. 3 The identification of a bacterial PAD from P gingivalis led to the initial hypothesis by Rosenstein et al 4 that infection with this periodontal pathogen may be aetiologically linked to RA.Two distinct mechanisms have since been hypothesised by which PPAD may trigger loss of tolerance to citrullinated proteins and autoimmunity in RA-first, by acting as a citrullinating enzyme on bacterial and host proteins, 4 5 and second, through the process of enzyme autocitrullination. 6In the absence of experimental evidence to support PPAD autocitrullination in P gingivalis or in vivo, Quirke et al 2 posited a third mechanism in which PPAD acts as a substrate for human PADs, thereby becoming the target of a citrulline-specific antibody response.The first two hypotheses support P gingivalis as a unique periodontal bacterium relevant to RA pathogenesis.The uniqueness of P gingivalis for RA is lost, however, when considering the third hypothesis of bacterial proteins as putative substrates for human PADs.Under this premise (not supported by experimental data), human PADs may generate citrullinated antigens from
Rare hereditary COL4A3/COL4A4 variants may be mistaken for familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Andrew F. Malone, Paul J. Phelan, Gentzon Hall, Umran Cetincelik, Alison Homstad, Andrea S. Alonso, Ruiji Jiang, Thomas B. Lindsey, Guanghong Wu, Matthew A. Sparks, Stephen R. Smith, Nicholas J.A. Webb, Philip A. Kalra, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Andrey S. Shaw, Peter J. Conlon, J. Charles Jennette, David N. Howell, Michelle P. Winn, Rasheed A. Gbadegesin
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Tetralogy of Fallot and Alterations in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Signaling and Notch Signaling in Mouse Embryos Solely Expressing the VEGF120 Isoform
Authors: Nynke M.S. van den Akker, Daniël G.M. Molin, Patricia P.W.M. Peters, Saskia Maas, Lambertus J. Wisse, Ronald van Brempt, Conny J. van Munsteren, Margot M. Bartelings, Robert E. Poelmann, Peter Carmeliet, Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The importance of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) and subsequent Notch signaling in cardiac outflow tract development is generally recognized. Although genetic heterogeneity and mutations of these genes in both humans and mouse models relate to a high susceptibility to develop outflow tract malformations such as tetralogy of Fallot and peripheral pulmonary stenosis, no etiology has been proposed so far. Using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative RT-PCR on embryonic hearts, we have shown spatiotemporal increase and abnormal patterning of Vegf/VEGF/(phosphorylated) VEGFR-2, (cleaved) Notch1, and Jagged2 in the outflow tract of Vegf120/120 mouse embryos. This coincides with hyperplasia of specifically the outflow tract cushions and a high degree of subpulmonary myocardial apoptosis that, in later stages, manifest as pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defects. We postulate that increase of VEGF and Notch signaling during right ventricular outflow tract development can lead to abnormal development of both cushion and myocardial structures. Defective right ventricular outflow tract development as presented provides new insight in the etiology of tetralogy of Fallot.
Outpatient treatment was noninferior to inpatient treatment for preventing recurrent VTE in low-risk patients with acute PE
Authors: Shannon M. Bates, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Aujesky D, Roy PM, Verschuren F, et al. Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for patients with acute pulmonary embolism: an international, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2011;378:41-8. 21703676
Medical emigration from Great Britain and Ireland since 1962.
Authors: J. Seale
Journal: BMJ (1966)

In March 1962, using data obtained from official sources over seas, I published (Seale, 1962) the estimate that 600 graduates of the medical schools of Great Britain and Ireland had emi grated annually during the five years 1956-60. There was some criticism of the accuracy of this estimate at the time which, according to the British Medical Journal (1964), amounted to  a remarkable explosion of wrath.
The Multiple Evolutionary Histories of Dioxygen Reductases: Implications for the Origin and Evolution of Aerobic Respiration
Authors: C. Brochier-Armanet, E. Talla, S. Gribaldo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Understanding the origin and evolution of cellular processes is fundamental to understand how biological activity has shaped the history of our planet. Among these, aerobic respiration is probably one of the most debated. We have applied a phylogenomics approach to investigate the origin and evolution of dioxygen reductases (O(2)Red), the key enzymes of aerobic respiratory chains. The distribution and phylogenetic analysis of the four types of O(2)Red (Cyt-bd and the A, B, and C families of heme-copper O(2)Red) from 673 complete bacterial and archaeal genomes show that these enzymes have very different evolutionary histories: Cyt-bd are of bacterial origin and were transferred to a few archaea; C-O(2)Red are of proteobacterial origin and were transferred to a few other bacteria; B-O(2)Red are of archaeal origin and were transferred to a few bacteria; and A-O(2)Red are the most ancient O(2)Red and were already present prior to the divergence of major present-day bacterial and archaeal phyla, thus before the emergence of Cyanobacteria and oxygenic photosynthesis. Implications for the origin and the evolution of aerobic respiration are discussed.
Reexamination of London, England, mortality in relation to exposure to acidic aerosols during 1963-1972 winters.
Authors: G D Thurston, K Ito, M Lippmann, C Hayes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Air pollution epidemiology since the 1950s has been able to demonstrate that increases in daily mortality in London, England, were associated with elevated concentrations of index air pollutants, i.e., British Smoke (BS) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). In this work, we reanalyze that portion of the 1958-1972 winter mortality-pollution record for which daily direct acid aerosol measurements were made at a central site in London (St. Bartholomew's Medical College). The purposes of these exploratory analyses are to examine the dataset for indications of a relationship between acid aerosol pollution and human mortality and to compare any noted associations with those for other pollution variables. It is found that the log of acid aerosol concentrations is more strongly associated with raw total mortality in bivariate analyses than is BS or SO2, despite the fact that acid data are available from only one central site (versus seven disperse sites for BS and SO2). The logarithmic nature of the exposure side of the H2SO4-mortality relationship implies a saturation model of pollution effects, possibly due to multiday pollution harvesting influences on a susceptible subpopulation. Moreover, mortality-pollution cross-correlation analyses indicate that mortality effects usually follow pollution in time, supporting a causal relationship between the two. The apparent advantage of H2SO4 over BS in predicting total raw mortality is consistent with the hypothesis that it is the portion of particulate mass of greater health significance and may also allow the development of London mortality results which are more easily transferable to other environments than is the case for existing BS results.
Thrombo‐embolism and antithrombotic therapy for heart failure in sinus rhythm. A Joint Consensus Document from the ESC Heart Failure Association and the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis
Authors: Gregory Y.H. Lip, Piotr Ponikowski, Felicita Andreotti, Stefan D. Anker, Gerasimos Filippatos, Shunichi Homma, Joao Morais, Patrick Pullicino, Lars H. Rasmussen, Francisco Marin, Deirdre A. Lane, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Piotr Ponikowski, Felicita Andreotti, Stefan D. Anker, Gerasimos Filippatos, Shunichi Homma, Joao Morais, Patrick Pullicino, Lars H. Rasmussen, Francisco Marin, Deirdre A. Lane, John McMurray, Arno Hoes, Jurrien Ten Berg, Raffaele De Caterina, Steen Kristensen, Uwe Zeymer
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Old Man in Bedclothes
Authors: Jeanne LeVasseur
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Folic acid significantly reduces risk of first stroke, large Chinese study finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The use of folic acid for the primary prevention of stroke, particularly among populations with low folate levels, is supported by a large randomised controlled trial reported in JAMA .

The China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial included 20 702 adults with high blood pressure but without a history of stroke or heart attack.1 They were randomly assigned to receive daily treatment with 10 mg of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril and 0.8 mg folic acid or to enalapril alone.

The trial was terminated early, after 4.5 years, because of the …
Gulf war casualties revised.
Authors: D Rew, S D Scott
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Specific health advice continues to be incon- sistent, ranging from the mention of just one disease to tabular information.Some of the in- correct information given at best could give travellers a false sense of security and at worst could result in their risking a preventable infection.Clearly, the travel trade continues to rely on the availability of other sources of information, with most brochures carrying only general advice and 50 of the remaining 56 recommending that further advice should be taken.The number of brochures (58) that recommended that travellers should seek additional information from their general practitioner seems inappropriately low, considering that general practitioners have shown enthusiasm for providing advice5 and are ideally placed to do so, having knowledge of the traveller's lifestyle, immunisation history, and relevant medical history such as allergies and of the side effects of vaccines5 as well as ready access to computerised database information on this subject.
Evidence for physiological importance of calcitonin in the regulation of plasma calcium in rats.
Authors: D N Kalu, A Hadji-Georgopoulos, G V Foster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

To determine the physiological importance of calcitonin in the regulation of plasma calcium, studies were carried out in fasting animals to (a) assess the acute effects of thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) and thyroidectomy (TX) on plasma and urinary calcium; (b) investigate whether the changes in plasma calcium produced by removal of the glands were dependent on the presence of the kidney; and (c) determine if the effect of TPTX on plasma calcium is affected by age. Except where otherwise indicated, all studies were carried out on fasting male Wistar rats weighing over 300 g. The following observations were made. (a) TPTX and TX caused an increase in plasma calcium in nephrectomized animals. (b) This increase was not dependent on nephrectomy since in intact animals bearing autoparathyroid transplants TX also caused a significant rise in the mean plasma calcium level (0.37 mg/100 ml at 1 1/2 h). (c) Urinary calcium increased twofold in the 3-h period immediately after TX. (d) In unnephrectomized immature (50-g) rats, TPTX caused a progressive decrease in plasma calcium in contrast to old (360-g) rats, where a significant fall observed at 6 h was preceded by an increase in plasma calcium (0.5 mg/100 ml at 1 1/2 h). From these observations we conclude that: (a) calcitonin must play an important physiological role in the regulation of plasma calcium since the termination of its basal secretion caused an immediate but transient increase in plasma calcium in old unfed rats; (b) the relative importance of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in the acute regulation of plasma calcium is age-related; and (c) the action of parathyroid hormone on bone may be modified by changes in ambient calcitonin concentration.