tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NOTES ON LITHIUM.
Authors: ENNO SANDER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

tube.This was injected subcutaneously in the abdominal skin of my patient.No immediate marked effect was expected or observed in the general condition, but the temperature rose no more than up to 102, except the second day, when it rose to 102.8, but fell to 100.5; the third day it rose to 103.4 and fell to 100.5; the fourth to 101.8 and fell to 98.4 ¡rose again to 101 on the fifth day, and thereafter with slight changes re¬ mained normal.The patient gradually recovered conscious¬ ness and is now, nineteen days after injection, although extremely reduced after his fearful ordeal of twenty-seven days of fever, on a fair way to recovery.This may be a case of post hoc, ergo propter hoc; but on the other hand it may be an additional evidence in favor of the toxine treatment.There seemed to be no agent at work, outside of a dispensation of Providence, to account for this steady improvement at that particular time, and the result appears to be as clear as most clinical observations.
Prostacyclin Receptor Desensitization Is a Reversible Phenomenon in Human Platelets
Authors: Andreas Fisch, Karen Tobusch, Kerstin Veit, Jürgen Meyer, Harald Darius
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Long-term exposure of platelets to endogenous or exogenous prostacyclin or its analogues might result in desensitization of the platelet prostacyclin receptor in vitro and in vivo accompanied by a loss in receptor density on the platelet surface and a reduced sensitivity toward the inhibitory effects of prostacyclins. However, the reversibility of this process in platelets has not yet been investigated. Methods and Results Human platelets desensitized by the chemically stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost showed a significant reduction in [ 3 H]-iloprost binding sites that was reversed by saponin permeabilization. This indicates functionally active internalized prostacyclin receptors. To assess whether the internalized prostacyclin receptors recycle to the cell surface after withdrawal of the agonist, iloprost sensitivity and prostacyclin receptor binding properties of iloprost (30 nmol/L, 2 hours) desensitized platelets incubated in iloprost-free autologous plasma were investigated. While desensitized platelets showed a significant increase in IC 50 for iloprost inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, serotonin release, and p -selectin expression and a reduced iloprost-stimulated cAMP formation, platelet iloprost sensitivity was restored 3 hours after iloprost withdrawal. In addition, the significant reduction in B max and the increase in K D of prostacyclin receptors in desensitized platelets as revealed by [ 3 H]-iloprost binding studies also returned to the initial values. Conclusions These results indicate that prostacyclin receptors internalized during short-term desensitization are not degraded but can be recycled rapidly to the platelet surface in a functionally active form after withdrawal of the agonist.
Double blind, placebo controlled food reactions do not correlate to IgE allergy in the diagnosis of staple food related gastrointestinal symptoms.
Authors: U Bengtsson, U Nilsson-Balknas, L A Hanson, S Ahlstedt
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms for adverse reactions to foods in the gastrointestinal tract are poorly understood. There is conflicting evidence in the literature on the role for IgE mediated allergy in gastrointestinal reactions to staple foods. AIM: The aim was therefore to study the role of IgE mediated allergy in a group of patients with a history of gastrointestinal symptoms related to staple foods (cows9 milk, hens9 egg, wheat and rye flour) verified in double blind placebo controlled challenges (DBPCFC). PATIENTS: Fifteen patients with DBPCFC, identified by screening of 96 consecutive patients referred to our allergy clinic for investigation of suspected gastrointestinal symptoms due to staple foods. METHODS: The screening included diaries as well as elimination diets and open and blinded food challenges. The frequency of atopy were compared between the double blind positive and double blind negative patients. RESULTS: The positive DBPCFC in the 15 patients included eight patients with milk intolerance, four with wheat flour, two with egg, and one with rye flour. There was no indications of an allergic pathogenesis in all 15 patients with positive DBPCFC, as the skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test were negative for the relevant allergens. The frequency of atopy was four of 21 (19%) in the double blind negative group and three of 15 (20%) in the double blind positive group. CONCLUSION: In adult patients with staple food induced gastrointestinal symptoms, objectively verified by DBPCFC, there were no indications of IgE mediated allergy to the relevant foods suggesting other mechanisms in adults than in children. Future studies may include measures of local events in the shock organs in relation to food intake, for instance utilising inflammatory markers in jejunal fluids.
AN AORTA WITH A DOUBLE ARCH.
Authors: D. LEE SHAW
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Congenital malformations of the aorta are comparatively rare. Quain divides such cases into six classes, viz.: 1, variations in position and extent; 2, variations of septum; 3, variations of stems; 4, variations of arch; 5, variations of descending portion and ductus arteriosus, and 6, variations in number and position of branches. The most uncommon of all, are those of the fourth variety, under which the double arch will be described. In mammals the aorta normally passes to the left side of vertebral column, arching over the root of the left lung; in birds it passes to the right; and in reptiles it divides and passes to both sides. In this instance the arch presents a reproduction of the reptilian arrangement. This specimen was taken from a fairly well nourished, white, male subject, in the anatomic laboratory of Rush Medical College. Previous condition and cause of death is unknown. No abnormalities
Partial lipodystrophy in coeliac disease.
Authors: D O'Mahony, S O'Mahony, M J Whelton, J McKiernan
Journal: Gut (1990)

The association of coeliac disease and partial lipodystrophy is described. The patient also had deficiencies of serum IgA and C3 complement (the latter associated with partial lipodystrophy). In addition, there was subclinical dermatitis herpetiformis confirmed by skin biopsy. The facial wasting of fully developed partial lipodystrophy may be misinterpreted as a sign of malabsorption but the facial, upper limb, and truncal lipodystrophy contrasts with normal pelvic and lower limb appearances.
Investigation of the factors influencing the release rates of cyclosporin A-loaded micro- and nanoparticles prepared by high-pressure homogenizer
Authors: Woo-kyoung Lee, Jong-yeun Park, Eun Hee Yang, Hearan Suh, Sung Hoon Kim, Doo Soo Chung, Kihwan Choi, Chul Woo Yang, Jong-sang Park
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2002)
Cloning of the SCA7 gene reveals a highly unstable CAG repeat expansion
Authors: Gilles David, Nacer Abbas, Giovanni Stevanin, Alexandra Dürr, Gaël Yvert, Géraldine Cancel, Chantal Weber, Georges Imbert, Frédéric Saudou, Eric Antoniou, Harry Drabkin, Robert Gemmill, Paola Giunti, Ali Benomar, Nick Wood, Merle Ruberg, Yves Agid, Jean-Louis Mandel, Alexis Brice
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Air pollutants might aggravate athletes' asthma, allergies
Authors: Lawrence M. Prescott
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Olympic athletes with hyperactive airways could be at a disadvantage when participating in the Los Angeles games this summer because of the presence of high levels of pollutants in the atmosphere, in the opinion of one of the Australian team physicians. Considering that the major pollutants, ozone and sulfur dioxide, both cause a dose-related bronchoconstriction that is enhanced by exercise, participation in this year's Olympic Games could present some hazards for athletes with allergies or asthma, suggests Kenneth D. Fitch, MB, Department of Sports Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth. He spoke at the "International Symposium on Special Problems and Management of Allergic Athletes," conducted in Palm Springs, Calif, by the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology; the Associated Scientists To Help Minimize Allergies (ASTHMA) Inc, a nonprofit clinic that treats allergic and asthmatic problems; and the University of Washington, Seattle. According to Fitch, during the 1980 summer games, 21
Double Inferior Vena Cava and Anomalous Venous Drainage from the Left Arm Demonstration by Radionuclide Angiogram
Authors: JULIO V. RIVERA, MARK A. FICEK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Radionuclide angiogram demonstrated an asymptomatic anomaly of the venous system consisting of drainage from the left arm into a double inferior vena cava system.
Successful arthroscopic synovectomy using holmium: Yag laser and feiba in a high responder hemophiliac
Authors: C. Négrier, M. Dechavanne, J. J. Lalain, P. Delacroix
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

To the Ediror: During the course of chronic rnyelogenous leukemia (CML), thirty-seven percent (37%) of patients developed extramedullary transformation in sites such as lymph nodes.spleen, Or meninges 11.21.These usually occur at the time of or just prior to bone marrow evolution to blast 1.
Familial hyperlysinemia with lysine-ketoglutarate reductase insufficiency
Authors: Joseph Dancis, Joel Hutzler, Rody P. Cox, Norman C. Woody
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Fibroblasts grown in tissue culture from the skin of normal subjects have lysine-ketoglutarate reductase activity (lysine: alpha-ketoglutarate: triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPNH) oxidoreductase (epsilon-N-[L-glutaryl-2]-L-lysine forming)). The activity of the enzyme is considerably reduced in the skin fibroblasts grown from three siblings with hyperlysinemia. The high concentrations of lysine in the blood of these patients, the previous demonstration in the intact subject of a reduction in the ability to degrade lysine, and the present demonstration of diminished lysine-ketoglutarate reductase activity, accurately define the metabolic defect and establish the saccharopine (epsilon-N-[L-glutaryl-2]-L-lysine) pathway as the major degradative pathway for lysine in the human.
Fumarase Deficiency: A New Cause of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy
Authors: Arthur B. Zinn, Douglas S. Kerr, Charles L. Hoppel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We observed a deficiency of both the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of fumarase in a male infant with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy who presented at one month of age with failure to thrive, developmental delay, hypotonia, cerebral atrophy, lactic and pyruvic acidemia, and fumaric aciduria. The patient died at eight months of age. Isolated skeletal-muscle mitochondria showed selective defects in the oxidation of glutamate (31 ng atoms of oxygen consumed per minute per milligram of mitochondrial protein, as compared with 94±19 [mean ±SD] in five controls) and of succinate (18 vs. 145±18 ng atoms of oxygen per minute per milligram of protein), whereas isolated liver mitochondria oxidized these and other substrates normally. Fumarase activity was virtually absent in both liver mitochondria (53 vs. 2878±248 nmol per minute per milligram of protein [5 controls]) and skeletal-muscle mitochondria (23 vs. 1997±717 nmol per minute per milligram [12 controls]). Seventeen other mitochondrial enzymes had normal activity in both liver and muscle mitochondrial extracts. Fumarase activity was also significantly reduced in homogenates of liver tissue (<1 vs. 90±25 μmol per minute per gram of wet weight [five controls]) and skeletal muscle (<1 vs. 21 ±4 μmol per minute per gram [five controls]), indicating a deficiency of both mitochondrial and cytosolic fumarases. Organ differences in intramitochondrial accumulation of fumarate may have accounted for the selective oxidative defects observed in the skeletal-muscle mitochondria but not liver mitochondria. All these findings are consistent with a profound combined fumarase deficiency. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:469–75.)
IS ISOLATED DIASTOLIC HYPOTENSION A NEW RISK FACTOR FOR INCIDENT HEART FAILURE IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS?
Authors: Jason L. Guichard, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Marjan Mujib, Michel White, Wilbert S. Aronow, Prakash Deedwania, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Adrian Graham Warren Hill
Authors: P. Gillibrand
Journal: BMJ (2002)

With his outstanding academic record Donald Crowther should have been a consultant physician, possibly at his teaching hospital.Instead, he became one of the finest desk editors of the 20th century, though only by overcoming adversities-a brother's high profile career, his position in a power struggle between the fiery editor of the BMJ and the BMA, and the development in middle life of a severe depressive illness.Journalism ran through Donald's family.
VASCULAR RISK SCORE AS A PREDICTOR OF POOR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VASCULAR INTERVENTION
Authors: Bernard Ashby, Richard Amdur, Yaser Nemshah, Bao-Ngoc Nguyen, Ramesh Mazhari, Richard Neville, Anton Sidawy, Gurusher Panjrath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Sign of the School Knapsack
Authors: MANUEL GUERRERO, ANTONIO MANRIQUE, SERGIO DELRIO, SEBASTIÁN RUIZ, ELFA HARO, LUIS DÍAZ, FERNANDO ARNAIZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 12-year-old boy had bilateral ocular pain with eye reddening, papilledema, and vitreous inflammation. Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis were among the diseases suspected. Ga-67 citrate imaging showed bilateral uptake in both trapezius muscles. The patient carried a knapsack and the increased uptake appeared to be due to trapezius myositis caused by overload.
Multiple Coarctations Of The Aorta
Authors: George R. Holswade
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Multiple coarctations of the aorta are quite rare. In 1959, Zaroff and co-workers 1 reported a case with four separate coarctations of the aorta. Although they were able to find seven additional cases of multiple coarctation of the aorta in the literature, none of these had more than two areas of stenosis. In the case here reported there were four separate areas of narrowing, three in the aorta and one in the left subclavian artery. Although at first it was considered inoperable, successful operative repair was carried out at a later time with the use of a synthetic aortic graft and with a heartlung machine in the operating room for temporary aortic bypass if needed.  Report of a Case  A 5½-year-old boy was first seen in the Pediatric Clinic of the New York Hospital—Cornell Medical Center in 1952. A heart murmur had been heard when he was 2 weeks old,
Postcard from Sussex
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The children recently developed some romantic notion of going camping for the weekend. Their vision (acquired from I know not where) includes hot sausages on demand, clear starry skies, crackling campfires, and jolly sing songs. My own memories of camping (from the none too distant era when our holiday venues were dictated by financial necessity) are not quite thus, but I have agreed to give it another go.

The English campsite is not so much a microcosm of society …
Expression of systemic lupus erythematosus in various ethnic Jewish Israeli groups.
Authors: A J Wysenbeek, L Leibovici, A Weinberger, D Guedj
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To assess the expression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Jewish Israeli patients according to ethnic origin. METHODS--Eighty four patients with SLE were divided into groups according to origin and compared for history, physical examination, and laboratory variables. RESULTS--Patients of Sephardic origin had more serious disease manifestations than Ashkenazi patients in 60 of the 76 variables examined. They had significantly worse muscle pain, alopecia, and cutaneous vasculitis, higher antibodies to DNA and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and significantly lower complement and leucocytes. Sephardic patients were divided into subgroups according to country: Mediterranean area, Iran-Iraq-India, and Yemen. All three subgroups had more serious disease manifestations than the Ashkenazi group, and the Yemenite patients had the most serious manifestations among the Sephardic subgroups. The Sephardic patients had a significantly lower education level, but only origin, and not education level or age, was significantly related to disease manifestations on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION--More serious manifestations of SLE are found among Jewish patients of Sephardic origin, but these are not related to level of education or age.
Favorable outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia harboring a low-allelic burden FLT3-ITD mutation and concomitant NPM1 mutation: relevance to post-remission therapy
Authors: Marta Pratcorona, Salut Brunet, Josep Nomdedéu, Josep Maria Ribera, Mar Tormo, Rafael Duarte, Lourdes Escoda, Ramon Guàrdia, M. Paz Queipo de Llano, Olga Salamero, Joan Bargay, Carmen Pedro, Josep Maria Martí, Montserrat Torrebadell, Marina Díaz-Beyá, Mireia Camós, Dolors Colomer, Montserrat Hoyos, Jorge Sierra, Jordi Esteve
Journal: Blood (2013)
Preclinical Studies of Celastrol and Acetyl Isogambogic Acid in Melanoma
Authors: Sabiha Abbas, Anindita Bhoumik, Russell Dahl, Stefan Vasile, Stan Krajewski, Nicholas D.P. Cosford, Ze'ev A. Ronai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Sensitize melanomas to apoptosis and inhibit their growth and metastatic potential by compounds that mimic the activities of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2)-driven peptides. Experimental Design: Small-molecule chemical library consisting of 3,280 compounds was screened to identify compounds that elicit properties identified for ATF2 peptide, including (a) sensitization of melanoma cells to apoptosis, (b) inhibition of ATF2 transcriptional activity, (c) activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun transcriptional activity, and (d) inhibition of melanoma growth and metastasis in mouse models. Results: Two compounds, celastrol (CSL) and acetyl isogambogic acid, could, within a low micromolar range, efficiently elicit cell death in melanoma cells. Both compounds efficiently inhibit ATF2 transcriptional activities, activate JNK, and increase c-Jun transcriptional activities. Similar to the ATF2 peptide, both compounds require JNK activity for their ability to inhibit melanoma cell viability. Derivatives of CSL were identified as potent inducers of cell death in mouse and human melanomas. CSL and a derivative (CA19) could also efficiently inhibit growth of human and mouse melanoma tumors and reduce the number of lung metastases in syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. Conclusions: These studies show for the first time the effect of CSL and acetyl isogambogic acid on melanoma. These compounds elicit activities that resemble the well-characterized ATF2 peptide and may therefore offer new approaches for the treatment of this tumor type.
Extreme Bilirubin Levels as a Causal Risk Factor for Symptomatic Gallstone Disease
Authors: Stefan Stender, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

In individuals without blockage of their bile ducts, levels of plasma bilirubin likely reflect levels of biliary bilirubin; higher biliary bilirubin levels may increase the risk of gallstone disease.To test the hypothesis that a lifelong increase in plasma bilirubin levels is a causal risk factor for symptomatic gallstone disease in the general population.In a prospective study of the Danish general population (N = 61,212), we first tested whether elevated levels of plasma bilirubin predicted greater risk of symptomatic gallstone disease. Second, taking advantage of mendelian randomization, we tested whether a genetic variant in the bilirubin glucoronidating enzyme UGT1A1 (rs6742078) was associated with increased plasma bilirubin levels and, in turn, with an increased risk of symptomatic gallstone disease.Plasma bilirubin level and symptomatic gallstone disease.During 34 years of follow-up, 3374 individuals developed symptomatic gallstone disease. In adjusted analyses, persons with plasma bilirubin levels in the 10th decile had a greater risk of symptomatic gallstone disease compared with those with plasma bilirubin levels in deciles 1 through 9; the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) were 1.57 (1.26-1.96) overall, 1.36 (1.02-1.82) in women, and 2.00 (1.41-2.83) in men. UGT1A1 genotype explained 20% of the total variation in plasma bilirubin levels and was associated with increases in the mean plasma bilirubin level overall of +16% (+0.09 mg/dL) in GT heterozygotes and +90% (+0.50 mg/dL) in TT homozygotes compared with GG homozygotes, with similar effects in women and men (P for trend <.001 for all). The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for symptomatic gallstone disease were 1.09 (1.02-1.17) for GT heterozygotes and 1.22 (1.09-1.36) for TT homozygotes vs GG homozygotes and similar in women and men (P for trend = .04-<.001).These results are compatible with a causal association between extreme levels of plasma bilirubin and increased risk of symptomatic gallstone disease.
Review, discussion, and summary: toxicology.
Authors: J A Graham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The research presented in the toxicology session of the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols significantly advances our understanding of the health effects of acid aerosols and clearly illustrates the importance of animal inhalation toxicology to risk assessment. The description of the effects of acid on airway mucus buffering capacity and viscosity helps explain some of the mechanisms responsible for the effects of sulfuric acid on mucociliary clearance and pulmonary function observed in man and animals. Several of the papers illustrate that other pollutants interact with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), causing concern about exposure risks and helping in elucidating the effects observed in epidemiology studies that have not yet been duplicated in a laboratory. For example, H2SO4 absorbed in zinc oxide (ZnO) particles appears to be about a log more potent than H2SO4 alone in causing pulmonary function decrements. Low levels of H2SO4 and O3 were found to be synergistic in increasing collagen synthesis, implying a risk in development of lung fibrosis. More complex mixtures containing H2SO4 cause a variety of interactions, depending upon the end points examined and the chemistry of the mixture. Other reports indicate that dose rate and length of exposure issues are critical to toxicological outcomes. Animal data on mucociliary clearance, which parallels that of human data, was extended to show that concentration of exposure was more important than time of exposure in eliciting a response, although time played a significant role. A recent chronic study showed that H2SO4 caused effects that also can occur in the development of chronic bronchitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New Approaches to the Treatment of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Howard I. Scher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The goal of any treatment for cancer is to achieve the highest possible likelihood of cure and the best possible quality of life. For a number of tumors, radical surgical procedures have been replaced by more conservative and less disfiguring ones, with no decrement in survival. For example, supraglottic laryngectomy in appropriately selected patients allows speech to be preserved without compromising the rate of cure1. But a single technique can go only so far. It is therefore encouraging that combined approaches developed in a stepwise fashion from clinical trials have allowed standards of care to evolve to the point . . .