tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LSD in the Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: F. GORDON JOHNSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Ninety-five alcoholic patients took part in a single-blind study of the efficacy of LSD treatment, which featured four treatment groups: LSD given with and without a therapist present, sodium amobarbital-methamphetamine hydrochloride given with a therapist present, and routine clinic care. At one-year follow-up, with 87 percent of the patients reporting, all groups showed significant improvement in the areas of drinking and employment, but there was no significant difference between groups on any improvement criterion measure. This study thus lends no support to the claims made for the efficacy of LSD treatment in alcoholism.
Hereditary hemolytic disease with increased red blood cell phosphatidylcholine and dehydration: One, two, or many disorders?
Authors: Margaret R. Clark, Stephen B. Shohet, Eugene L. Gottfried
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We have compared characteristics of red cells from patients who were originally diagnosed as having two different disorders, high phosphatidyl choline hemolytic anemia (HPCHA) and hereditary xerocytosis (HX). Both types of cells had reduced intracellular potassium, with attendant cell dehydration and an increase in the relative amount of membrane phosphatidyl choline. Neither these observations nor a review of previous studies of HX and HPCHA revealed any means of distinguishing between the two disorders. Measurements of chloride‐dependent potassium transport revealed flux characteristics in both HX and HPCHA red cells that were different from those in simultaneously run control samples. HX and HPCHA red cells did not show the same kinds of deviations from the normal pattern. However, extensive characterization of transport behavior under a variety of controlled conditions will be required to determine whether these differences represent intrinsic differences in chloride‐dependent transport properties. It appears likely that HX and HPCHA both represent a spectrum of disorders resulting from a variety of defects that produce the same general pattern of abnormalities in cation content and membrane phospholipid composition © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical Outcomes After Ablation and Pacing Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mark A. Wood, Chris Brown-Mahoney, G. Neal Kay, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Radiofrequency ablation of the atrioventricular node and permanent pacing are used for symptomatic relief in patients with medically refractory atrial fibrillation. In this study, meta-analysis was used to clarify clinical outcomes and survival after ablation and pacing therapy using data from the published literature. Methods and Results —We used 21 studies with a total of 1181 patients in the meta-analysis. All patients had medically refractory atrial tachyarrhythmias, primarily atrial fibrillation (97%). Nineteen measures of clinical outcome, encompassing quality of life, ventricular function, exercise duration, and healthcare use, were derived from the studies. The meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvement after ablation and pacing therapy in all outcome measures except fractional shortening, which demonstrated a trend toward improvement ( P =0.08). Ejection fraction did show significant improvement ( P &lt;0.001). The calculated 1-year total and sudden death mortality rates after ablation and pacing therapy were 6.3% and 2.0%, respectively. Conclusions —Ablation and pacing therapy improves a broad range of clinical outcomes for patients with medically refractory atrial fibrillation. The calculated 1-year mortality rates after this therapy are low and comparable with medical therapy.
Career development for doctors with a disability
Authors: S. Mercer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Although there has been much publicity about doctors suffering from stress and associated problems, there has, until recently, been little attention paid to the problems faced by doctors with disabilities.(1)(2) In 1996 the BMA set up a working party, of which I was a member, to examine the issues facing doctors and medical students with disabilities, and its findings were published at the end of last year.(3) What follows is a summary of the findings and recommendations, together with a few personal views and reflections on the subject.

Before this report the issues of being disabled and a doctor had not been explored in Britain. There were no figures of the numbers of doctors with a disability, nor on the sorts of problems they might encounter. Similarly, the number of disabled applicants or potential applicants to medical school was not known, nor was there any information on the career progress of doctors who entered medicine with a disability or gained a disability during their training.

The working party answered some but by no means all of the questions, and the report should be viewed as an important first step in assessing the needs of disabled doctors rather than a definitive statement. Indeed, one of the main recommendations of the report was the need for more research into whether and how disabled doctors' needs are being met in employment and education.

The working party consisted of 10 members, some of whom were drawn from other BMA Committees (Occupational Health Committee, Career Progress of Doctors Committee, Junior Doctors Committee, and Medical Students Committee). A few members (including myself) were not linked to other BMA …
1021 SCREENING FOR LIVER ADVANCED FIBROSIS USING NON-INVASIVE BIOMARKER FIBROTEST IN GENERAL POPULATION
Authors: T. Poynard, P. Lebray, P. Ingiliz, A. Varaud, B. Varsat, Y. Ngo, P. Nohra, M. Munteanu, R. Morra, D. Messous, F. Imbert-Bismut, J.P. Carrau, J. Massard, V. Ratziu, J.P. Giordanella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Reply
Authors: Daniel J. McCarty
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  We are grateful for the reference to an example of healing rheumatoid erosions after gold therapy. Published references documenting this phenomenon are difficult to find. Since our article reporting complete healing of erosions after use of combined remission-inducing agents, another report of healing erosions after synovectomy was brought to our attention by John Webb, MD, of the Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia. 1 Since submission of our report, we have reviewed the roentgenograms of ten patients (personally treated) with RA who have been in complete remission and have found three additional examples of completely healed erosions; one of these patients had been treated with gold, another had received penicillamine, and the third, the combined drug program. These observations will be published as a separate report.  We have reviewed the original films and their reproduction (Fig 7) and fail to see any new erosions.
Hybrid Words in Medical Terminology
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1977)

SEVERAL communications recently published in the medical literature have stirred up the embers of an ageold controversy about compound words that contain both Greek and Latin elements. Ganias<sup>1</sup>proposed the introduction of five new ophthalmologic terms of Greek origin to rectify certain bilingual coinages that he found "complicated and confusing." In a related editorial,<sup>2</sup>Blodi approved the effort to "keep the language unadulterated," ie, to avoid coupling Greek with Latin. Hussey<sup>3</sup>took up the question of hybrid terms and dealt with it in a reasonable and practical fashion. After contributing his own balanced views, he presented the results of a small poll of other editors' opinions: all agreed that opposition to Greek-Latin hybrids is, in general, both groundless and futile. My purpose is to place the question in historical perspective and to offer practical suggestions for its resolution. <h3>THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL NOMENCLATURE</h3> A living language evolves
Connecting Peptide, Correcting Peptide?
Authors: Michelle Hoffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Currents15 December 1997Connecting Peptide, Correcting Peptide?Michelle HoffmanMichelle HoffmanSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00050 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In biochemistry textbooks, insulin is uniformly described as a small protein consisting of two peptide chains held together by disulfide bonds. Initially, the hormone is manufactured as a single precursor molecule called proinsulin, from which a connecting peptide (or C peptide) is later excised, leaving the mature insulin molecule (Figure 1). Most books continue with a description of insulin's role in lowering blood glucose levels and controlling lipolysis in adipose tissue, but C peptide is rarely mentioned again. Indeed, until recently, C peptide was viewed essentially as a waste product that played no role in regulation of metabolism or in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michelle Hoffman PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCellular mechanisms by which proinsulin C-peptide prevents insulin-induced neointima formation in human saphenous vein 15 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 12Page: 1147-1148KeywordsAcidsBloodBlood flowBlood vesselsCellsGlucoseInsulinInsulin-like growth factorsPeptide hormonesResearch laboratories ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
FIVE YEAR CLINICAL RESULTS FROM ENDEAVOR III: A RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF THE ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING VERSUS SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN DE NOVO NATIVE CORONARY LESIONS
Authors: David E. Kandzari, Laura Mauri, Jeffrey Popma, Mark A. Turco, Charles O’Shaunessy, Paul A. Gurbel, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Atypical thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a middle‐aged woman who presented with a recurrent stroke
Authors: Modupe Idowu, Preethi Reddy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

An atypical clinical presentation makes TTP diagnosis difficult, which prevents prompt management of TTP. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of TTP in patients with atypical presentations who may not have the expected clinical or laboratory findings. The level of suspicion should be especially high in young and middle-aged patients with strokes or acute coronary syndrome who do not have other risk factors for cardiovascular events. This is particularly so for those patients who have a previous episode of TTP or patients with subtle laboratory abnormalities, which may suggest the potential existence of a thrombotic microangiopathic process.
The Direction of Medical Education Today
Authors: Luther L. Terry
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Throughout the history of our country, medical education has changed with the times. It has adapted itself to new demands and has now reached so high a level of excellence that students and physicians and biomedical scientists from all over the world look to us for training and leadership. It might seem that we could say with complacency, "Let us let well enough alone and continue as we have been." Yet rarely in our history has there been such questioning of the rightness of the path on which we find ourselves. Rarely has there been such genuine desire by medical educators and the medical profession to reexamine our plans, and we seek to make new estimates of the value of our goals and new judgments of how we may achieve them. In the past, we have adapted as changing conditions required. From this flexibility, much of our present excellence stems,
Chronic Palmitate Exposure Inhibits Insulin Secretion by Dissociation of Ca2+ Channels from Secretory Granules
Authors: Michael B. Hoppa, Stephan Collins, Reshma Ramracheya, Leanne Hodson, Stefan Amisten, Quan Zhang, Paul Johnson, Frances M. Ashcroft, Patrik Rorsman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)

Long-term (72 hr) exposure of pancreatic islets to palmitate inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion by >50% with first- and second-phase secretion being equally suppressed. This inhibition correlated with the selective impairment of exocytosis evoked by brief (action potential-like) depolarizations, whereas that evoked by long ( approximately 250 ms) stimuli was unaffected. Under normal conditions, Ca(2+) influx elicited by brief membrane depolarizations increases [Ca(2+)](i) to high levels within discrete microdomains and triggers the exocytosis of closely associated insulin granules. We found that these domains of localized Ca(2+) entry become dispersed by long-term (72 hr), but not by acute (2 hr), exposure to palmitate. Importantly, the release competence of the granules was not affected by palmitate. Thus, the location rather than the magnitude of the Ca(2+) increase determines its capacity to evoke exocytosis. In both mouse and human islets, the palmitate-induced secretion defect was reversed when the beta cell action potential was pharmacologically prolonged.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. STUDIES OF THE ANTIBODIES BOUND TO SKIN
Authors: Madeleine Landry, W. Mitchell Sams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by antibodies demonstrable by immunofluorescence on the renal glomeruli and at the basement membrane area of both normal and involved skin. Acid eluates from glomeruli and from normal-appearing skin of three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contained an antinuclear antibody. This antibody fixes complement and produces a mixed immunofluorescent pattern. Anti-deoxyribonucleic acid or antiextractable nuclear antigen antibodies may be present. This antibody is concentrated on the skin and glomerular basement membrane in proportion to the total serum IgG concentration. In two cases the skin eluate contains, in addition to the antinuclear antibody, a basement membrane antibody that fixes complement, gives a linear immunofluorescent pattern, and appears to be similar (although not identical) to the pemphigoid antibody.
Medical Team in a Crisis Zone: Medical responses to a clear and present danger
Authors: S. Malik
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In picking a medical team that has had exceptional impact in a humanitarian crisis, conflict, or natural disaster, we encountered a wide spectrum of talented teams and individuals who work against considerable odds to help some of the earth’s most afflicted people. Out of 25 entries for this new BMJ Group Awards category, three finalists were selected for consideration by the judges: John Heyworth, president of the College of Emergency Medicine; Jonathan Kaplan, surgeon and writer with considerable experience in conflict and catastrophe medicine; and Peter Moszynski, BMJ’s African news correspondent and a former aid worker. Two of the finalists were chosen for their efforts after the 2010 earthquake that devastated massive areas of Haiti, and the other for its effort during the 2008 floods that inundated hundreds of villages in Bihar, India.

At 16.45 on 12 January 2010 the walls of Medecins Sans Frontieres’ busy 24 hour emergency obstetric hospital in Port-au-Prince, Maternite Solidarite, began to shake. Within minutes survivors, many with life threatening injuries, started arriving. Five of the hospital’s 209 staff died in the quake, but putting aside worries about their families and homes, the team got on with saving lives.

They formed a …
Rare Germ Line <i>CHEK2</i> Variants Identified in Breast Cancer Families Encode Proteins That Show Impaired Activation
Authors: Nayanta Sodha, Tine S. Mantoni, Sean V. Tavtigian, Rosalind Eeles, Michelle D. Garrett
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Germ line mutations in CHEK2, the gene that encodes the Chk2 serine/threonine kinase activated in response to DNA damage, have been found to confer an increased risk of some cancers. We have previously reported the presence of the common deleterious 1100delC and four rare CHEK2 mutations in inherited breast cancer. Here, we report that predictions made by bioinformatic analysis on the rare mutations indicate that two of these, delE161 (483-485delAGA) and R117G, are likely to be deleterious. We show that the proteins encoded by 1100delC and delE161 are both unstable and inefficiently phosphorylated at Thr68 in response to DNA damage, a step necessary for the oligomerization of Chk2. Oligomerization is in turn necessary for additional phosphorylation and full activation of the protein. A second rare mutation, R117G, is phosphorylated at Thr68 but fails to show a mobility shift on DNA damage, suggesting that it fails to become further phosphorylated and hence fully activated. Our results indicate that delE161 and R117G encode nonfunctional proteins and are therefore likely to be pathogenic. The findings from the biochemical analysis correlate well with predictions made by bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the results imply that these mutations, as well as 1100delC, cannot act in a dominant-negative manner to cause cancer, and tumorigenesis in association with these mutations may be due to haploinsufficiency. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 8966-70)
Measles herd immunity. The association of attack rates with immunization rates in preschool children
Authors: T. L. Schlenker
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the association between incidence of measles and immunization coverage among preschool-age children. <h3>Design.</h3> —An ecological study in which measles incidence was compared with immunization coverage among census tracts. The independent effects of race and population density were controlled for. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A recent measles outbreak in Milwaukee, Wis. Immunization coverage data were estimated from a retrospective, school-based survey of Milwaukee grade school students. <h3>Patients.</h3> —One thousand eleven persons (≤17 years) who had confirmed measles from September 1989 through June 1990. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Confirmed measles cases grouped by census tract, corresponding census tract preoutbreak immunization coverage, racial breakdown, and population density. <h3>Results.</h3> —Census tracts stratified into four levels, with mean immunization rates of 50.4%, 60.2%, 69.9%, and 81.0%, had respective median attack rates of 11.6, 5.0,1.7, and 0.0 cases per 1000 persons (<i>P</i>&lt;.01). The association between immunization coverage and measles attack rate remained significant even after controlling for race and population density. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Modest improvements in low levels of immunization coverage among 2-year-olds confer substantial protection against measles outbreaks. Coverage of 80% or less may be sufficient to prevent sustained measles outbreaks in an urban community. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:823-826)
THE POWER OF A PROCEDURALIST: PRESCRIBING GUIDELINE–BASED MEDICAL THERAPY PRIOR TO HOSPITAL DISCHARGE INCREASES COMPLIANCE AT SIX MONTHS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Brian Renard, Milan Seth, David Share, Herbert Aronow, Peter Henke, Hitinder Gurm, Paul Grossman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cutaneous antigen-stimulating lymphokine production by lymphocytes of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
Authors: H Kondo, B S Rabin, G P Rodnan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Cell-mediated immunity to skin extracts was studied by the macrophage migration inhibition test, lymphocyte transformation, and direct cytotoxicity to skin fibroblasts, in normal individuals and patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. The latter included 18 individuals with diffuse scleroderma and 12 with the CREST syndrome, a variant form of systemic sclerosis in which there is more limited involvement of the skin. Controls consisted of 13 patients with other connective tissue diseases and 16 normal individuals. Phosphate-buffered saline and 3 M KCl extracts of both normal and sclerodermatous skin were used as antigens. No evidence of lymphocyte reactivity was found by the lymphocyte transformation and direct cytotoxicity test procedures. However, the lymphocytes of patients with diffuse scleroderma did respond to extracts of both normal and sclerodermatous skin in the migration inhibition assay. 10 of 16 patients (62.5%) had migration indices below 2 SD of the normal range, 1 of 10 CREST patients and 1 of 13 patients with other connective tissue diseases showed similar reactivity. Antisera specific for immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes (B lymphocytes) and T lymphocytes were used to characterize the lymphocytes found in skin biopsies of patients with diffuse scleroderma. T lymphocytes made up the majority of lymphocytes in the skin infiltrates. These findings suggest that lymphocytes sensitized to skin extracts are present in patients with diffuse scleroderma. The cell-mediated immune reaction to skin antigens may be a factor in the pathogenesis of diffuse scleroderma.
Accountable Health Communities
Authors: Elliott S. Fisher, Janet Corrigan
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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