tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Combined Problems of Alcoholism, Drug Addiction and Aging
Authors: B. H. Glover
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This 360-page book is orderly and thorough. There are 40 contributors to its 28 chapters, and it is written in a readable style, packed with information blending the three title topics in an updated compilation of research, theory and practice, experience, and treatment. This work is a breakthrough, giving recognition to growing problems in geriatric medicine and public health. Heretofore the separate subjects of aging and addiction have not received the attention they justly deserve. The expected 32 million elderly by the year 2000 will demand care in these combined problem areas; this volume introduces the known data and indicated areas for further research from many resources. Some findings were unexpected and puzzling: "Hardly any clients with high resources before [alcohol] intake were abstainers at follow up" (14 to 16 years later [p 222]). "Among those mentally alert, in relation to antecedent variables, abstainers were very different from moderate drinkers,"
284. Reduced Lung Metastasis of Secreted Type of Substance P Gene Modified Mouse Melanoma Cells
Authors: Xianghui He, Zhixiang Zhang, Liwei Zhu, Tom C. Tsang, David T. Harris
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Substance P and related tachykinin peptides play important roles as neurotransmitters or modulators involved in neurotransmission. The presence of neuropeptide receptors on immune cells suggests that these peptides could also function as immunomodulatory substances, as well as bi-directional communicators of information between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. In the present study, we constructed plasmid vector encoding the substance P cDNA linked with the Igk leader sequence and to evaluate the tumorigenesis of substance P-expressing tumor cells. Mouse melanoma B16-F1 cells were transfected with this construct or with backbone plasmid. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed increased expression of substance P cDNA in both transient transfected cells and stable clones. Substance P expression in the culture supernatant of transient transfected cells and stable clones were determined by EIA assay. Subcutaneously injection of substance P-expressing B16-F1 cells resulted no significant decrease in terms of tumor growth. However, when injected intravenously, significantly reduced lung metastasis was observed. These data suggest that substance P expression appear to prevent the lung metastasis of tumor and may be a candidate for tumor immunotherapy.
THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SILICOSIS
Authors: R. R. SAYERS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Comments on the clinical manifestations of silicosis as reported in this paper are based on a study<sup>1</sup>carried out among 7,722 men employed as miners in the Picher District of Oklahoma. This work was done during the year 1928 by officers of the United States Bureau of Mines and the United States Public Health Service, in cooperation with the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and the mine operators' association. In commenting on the similarity of these observations to those noted by Dr. Irvine and his associates in their study of the silicosis problem in South Africa, it will be recalled that Irvine<sup>2</sup>summarized, in his report to the international conference held in Johannesburg in 1930, the results of the important work done by that group of investigators. The disease has been divided, both in South Africa and in the United States, into two classes: simple silicosis and silicosis plus
Reye's Syndrome and Salicylates
Authors: D. G. Sienko, R. F. Anda, H. B. McGee, P. L. Remington
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The association between Reye's syndrome and the use of aspirin in children with varicella or influenza has been convincingly demonstrated.<sup>1,2</sup>Since 1980 in Michigan, the public health community, clinicians, and the mass media have made considerable efforts to educate parents about the dangers of giving aspirin to their children for varicella or influenzalike illnesses. A previous study<sup>3</sup>showed that the number of cases of Reye's syndrome and the use of aspirin had decreased in Michigan from 1979 to 1984. We followed up this study in 1986 to determine if the downward trends in the number of cases of Reye's syndrome and in aspirin use were continuing. <h3>Study.—</h3> In March 1986, we asked the same questions about aspirin use andknowledge of Reye's syndrome to all parents from an original cohort of 199 Tecumseh, Mich, families who still had children less than 18 years old living
Dutch health minister orders probe into influence of industry on medical guidelines
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Dutch health minister, Hans Hoogervorst, has ordered an investigation into a book's claim that the drug industry has a strong influence on medical guidelines issued to doctors.

The book, by the investigative journalist Joop Bouma, draws on interviews and research over six years to illustrate what he believes to be aggressive marketing practices by the industry.

It highlights the pressures put on Dutch bodies whose job is to issue professional treatment standards and prescribing guidelines: the College of General Practitioners and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement.

In 2004 GlaxoSmithKline, for example, is said to have requested changes to the institute's draft guidelines for treating tobacco addiction, which cast doubts on the effectiveness of its antismoking drug bupropion (Zyban). The institute said, in its draft, that it was concerned that research …
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Chilton Crane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

UNTIL such time as the hospital laboratory can detect the presence of abnormal venous clotting, the appraisal and management of patients harboring venous thrombi must remain at the clinical level. Improvement in the use of present chief therapeutic methods — anticoagulant drugs and venous division — can come only from studies of treated cases, with particular emphasis on therapeutic failures.This report reviews the experience with 482 cases of venous thromboembolism treated at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital from October, 1949, through March, 1956. Four hundred and seventeen of these cases were in surgical patients. These included 51 presenting with . . .
PITYROSPORUM ORBICULARE: INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION ON CLINICALLY NORMAL SKIN
Authors: S. O. B. ROBERTS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY. In a microscopical and cultural survey of clinically normal skin of patients attending a skin clinic with minor complaints P. orbiculare was found to be present on the scalp in 74%P. ovule was numerically the dominant species in this site but on the trunk P. orbiculare was nearly always the more numerous yeast and was present in more than 90% of subjects. The occasional finding of a few rod or filamentous forms similar to those seen in pityriasis versicolor was noted. This phenomenon was associated with a greater tendency than usual for the yeast to form germ tubes in culture. The significance of this is discussed.
Consistent infiltration of thymus-derived T cells into the parenchymal space of the liver in normal mice
Authors: Satoshi Yamamoto, Yoshinobu Sato, Takao Shimizu, Ramesh C. Halder, Hiroshi Oya, Makoto Bannai, Kenji Suzuki, Hiromichi Ishikawa, Katsuyoshi Hatakeyama, Toru Abo
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

We previously reported that extrathymic T cells (intermediate T-cell receptor cells [TCR(int) cells]) are in situ generated in the parenchymal space of the liver in mice. They subsequently migrate to the sinusoidal lumen. In this study, we characterized how such extrathymic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and thymus-derived T cells (high T-cell receptor cells [TCR(high) cells]) localized in the parenchymal space or the sinusoidal lumen of mice. To this end, liver irrigation with physiological saline from the portal vein was performed and the distribution of lymphocyte subsets was compared between the liver (i.e., lymphocytes in the parenchymal space) and the irrigation solution (i.e., lymphocytes in the sinusoidal lumen). Extrathymic T cells and NK cells were found to be abundant in both the liver and sinusoidal lumen. As expected, thymus-derived T cells were abundant in the sinusoidal lumen. However, a significant proportion of thymus-derived T cells were always present in the parenchymal space, even after intensive irrigation with or without collagenase. These results suggest that thymus-derived T cells may consistently infiltrate the parenchymal space from the sinusoidal lumen in normal mice. This possibility was confirmed by (1) the injection of B6 splenic cells (TCR(high) cells) or the thymus graft into B6-nu/nu mice (presence of only TCR(int) cells) and by (2) using parabiotic mice of B6.Ly5.1 and B6.Ly5.2 strains (sharing circulation) in conjunction with immunofluorescence tests and immunohistochemical staining. In other words, inverted routes of migration and homing between extrathymic T cells and thymus-derived T cells exist in the liver.
The Crisis in Local Institutional Review Boards
Authors: Stephanie Nagy-Agren
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters5 March 2002The Crisis in Local Institutional Review BoardsStephanie Nagy-Agren, MDStephanie Nagy-Agren, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Salem, VA 24153 (Nagy-Agren)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Burman and colleagues (1) and Levine (2), in discussing the crisis affecting protection of human research subjects, debate the relevance of expansion of multicenter randomized clinical trials. Neither paper, however, mentions a central reason for this expansion (3). Clinical trials are big business. Most trials reviewed by our hospital IRB are multicenter industry-sponsored studies; regrettably, many are not revolutionary in nature. These studies monopolize limited IRB resources.Revolutionary trials, those with high social and scientific value, should receive priority review by IRBs. Social or scientific value is considered one of the seven requirements of an ethical trial ...References1. Burman WJ, Reves RR, Cohn DL, Schooley RT. Breaking the camel's back: multicenter clinical trials and local institutional review boards. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:152-7. [PMID: 11177319] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Levine RJ. Institutional review boards: a crisis in confidence [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:161-3. [PMID: 11177321] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Bodenheimer T. Uneasy alliance—clinical investigators and the pharmaceutical industry. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1539-44. [PMID: 10816196] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Emanuel EJ, Wendler D, Grady C. What makes clinical research ethical? JAMA. 2000;283:2701-11. [PMID: 10819955] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Dunn CM, Chadwick G. Protecting Study Volunteers in Research—A Manual for Investigative Sites. Boston: CenterWatch, Inc.; 1999. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Salem, VA 24153 (Nagy-Agren) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBreaking the Camel's Back: Multicenter Clinical Trials and Local Institutional Review Boards William J. Burman , Randall R. Reves , David L. Cohn , and Robert T. Schooley The Crisis in Local Institutional Review Boards William J. Burman and Randall R. Reves The Crisis in Local Institutional Review Boards Jamie Ellen Siegel , Ann Vaughn , and Elaine Baszczewski The Crisis in Local Institutional Review Boards Alan M. Sugar Metrics 5 March 2002Volume 136, Issue 5Page: 410-411KeywordsClinical trialsConflicts of interestInstitutional review boards ePublished: 5 March 2002 Issue Published: 5 March 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
RADIUM TREATMENT OF INTRINSIC CARCINOMA OF THE LARYNX
Authors: N. S. Finzi, D. Harmer
Journal: BMJ (1928)

O -'7blood cells only at relatively low temperatures, but requires subsequent warming to body temiiperature to allow the necessary unllion with complement and consequenit haenmo- lysis.This plhenomenioni has been demonsts ated by repeated experiments on the blood of our patient it vitro.The skin reaction to cold in this patient is of the usual form seeni in otlher skin injuries-namely, the triple response; cold of the cdegree here used produces no suclh response in normal persons.In previous publications from this laboratory3 4 a great deal of evidence has been brought for-ward to show that this triple response-naamely, local reddening, increased permiieability leading to whealing, and a reflex alrteriolar flare-is duo to the liberation of a histaminie-like substance already present in the skin cells.The reaction occurs in this patient as a sequel to cold alpplications, temperatures of from QO to 190 C. being effective in producing whealing; at 00 C. cooling for only half a lminute is sufficient.The reaction is purely local.The response of the skin to cooling is 4ue to the presence of a dermolysin in the patient's blood.The skin, of other subjects is rendered similarly sensitive to cold by the intra- dermic injection of this patient's serum.The conditions uiider whiclh the dermolysin and the liaemolysin act are similar.Thus, cooling followed by warming is essential in both instances, and very prolonged cooling is unfavourable to both reactions.CASE II.H. M. is an artist, agedl 64 years; he was alimitted for cardiac failure with venous congestion and slight oedema, but without sign of valvular lesion.There is no history of paroxysmal haemoglobinuria nor evidence of syphilis.Whilst in hcspital his skin was found to be abnormally sensitive to cold, anid he then gave a history, extending over a period of twenityfive years,. of nettlerash occurrinig on any surface exposed to cold.In this patienit cold prloduces urticaria locally in tlhe skin; exposure at 00 and 100 C. for teln minuttes (ives a typical' urticarial r'eactioni; but hiis respolnises to varyinlg delgrees of cold anid length of exposure are somewhat variable from day to day.Prolonged exposure of the arms ti cold water gives no haemoglobiniuria; itt vitro tests provideino evidence of a haemiiolysini in his blood.His serum, however, contains a dermolvsin, wlhich cani be tr anisferred readily-to the skins of normal subiects by iijection, causing them to react similaily to cold.CASE III.W. W. M., a boy of 9 years, had frequent attacks of red .urinefor tlhree winters, but is said to have had none for the last four years.The attacks always followed exposure to
Call for a balanced view on sentinel node biopsy for melanoma
Authors: J. L. C. Geh, C. Healy, K. Lacy, M. Wain, N. Attard, E. Calonje, M. Harries, M. O'Doherty, D. Orlowska
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The title of Torjesen’s article could be misleading.1 Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a staging tool used to provide patients with the best available information,2 and is a well established prognostic test.

Our research shows that patients want information on prognosis.3 Lymph node status is the most meaningful prognostic indicator and SNB the most sensitive …
Blood Mercury Levels and Neurobehavior
Authors: Joachim Mutter, Johannes Naumann
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Body Weight Reduction, Sympathetic Nerve Traffic, and Arterial Baroreflex in Obese Normotensive Humans
Authors: Guido Grassi, Gino Seravalle, Manuela Colombo, Giambattista Bolla, Bianca M. Cattaneo, Francesco Cavagnini, Giuseppe Mancia
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Previous studies have shown that sympathetic cardiovascular outflow is increased in obese normotensive subjects and that this increase is associated with a baroreflex impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these abnormalities are irreversible or can be favorably affected by body weight reduction.In 20 obese normotensive subjects (age, 31.3+/-1.7 years; body mass index, 37.6+/-0.9 kg/m2, mean+/-SEM), we measured beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure (Finapres technique), heart rate (ECG), postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography at a peroneal nerve), and venous plasma norepinephrine (high-performance liquid chromatography) at rest and during baroreceptor stimulation and deactivation induced by increases and reductions of blood pressure via stepwise intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and nitroprusside. Measurements were repeated in 10 subjects after a 16-week hypocaloric diet with normal sodium content (4600 to 5000 J and 210 mmol NaCl/d) and in the remaining 10 subjects after a 16-week observation period without any reduction in the caloric intake. The hypocaloric diet significantly reduced body mass index, slightly reduced blood pressure, and caused a significant and marked decrease in both muscle sympathetic nerve activity (from 50.0+/-5.1 to 32.9+/-4.6 bursts per 100 heart beats, P<.01) and plasma norepinephrine (from 356.2+/-43 to 258.4+/-29 pg/mL, P<.05). This was associated with a significant improvement in the sensitivity of the baroreceptor heart rate (+71.5 +/- 11%, P<.01) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (+124.5 +/- 22%, P<.001) reflex. Total body glucose uptake also increased significantly (+60.8 +/- 12.0%, P<.05), indicating an increase in insulin sensitivity. All variables remained unchanged in subjects not undergoing caloric restriction.In obese normotensive subjects, a reduction in body weight induced by a hypocaloric diet with normal sodium content exerts a marked reduction in sympathetic activity owing to central sympathoinhibition. This can be due to the consequences of an increased insulin sensitivity but also to a restoration of the baroreflex control of the cardiovascular system with weight loss.
Abstract 5023: Pretreatment blame, physical symptoms, and distress in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Bukola Ojo, Hoda Badr, Kathrin Milbury, Eric M. Genden
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients report higher rates of psychiatric morbidity than other cancer patients, suggesting that psychological adjustment is an important component of their quality of life. One factor contributing to patients’ distress is the degree to which they experience physical symptom morbidity. Given that HNC is often attributed to unhealthy lifestyle factors (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, and risky sexual behaviors resulting in HPV), another possible contributor, that has not been studied, is patients’ attributions of self-blame regarding their disease cause. The objective of this study was to explore the associations between lifestyle factors, symptoms, self-blame, and distress in this population. Understanding these potential interactions may provide targets for future psychosocial interventions. METHODS: Data for this exploratory study was collected from a cross-sectional survey of 70 HNC patients (87 % male; 63% oropharyngeal) prior to the initiation of radiotherapy. RESULTS: In terms of lifestyle factors, 70% of patients had a tobacco history and 7% had screening scores indicative of alcohol dependence as measured by the AUDIT; 61 % of the oropharyngeal patients were HPV positive. Behavioral self-blame was significantly greater among patients with a history of tobacco use (t(66) = 2.52, p = 0.01) and characterological self-blame was highest among patients with HPV positive tumors (t(66) = 2.28, p = 0.03). Although patient distress (BSI-18) was significantly associated with higher levels of cancer symptom severity (p = 0.0001) and interference (p = 0.0001), as measured by the MDASI-HN, the association of distress with blame also approached significance (p &amp;lt; 0.10). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that blame is prevalent in head and neck cancer patients and is related to lifestyle factors that may have caused the disease. The finding that patient distress was associated with both symptom severity and self-blame is interesting and suggests that psychosocial interventions should not only address patients’ current level of symptoms but also their attributions of blame regarding the cause of their disease. Our future work will prospectively examine whether changes in symptoms and blame affect the course of distress in this vulnerable population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5023. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5023
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Yen-Chun Lai, Karin C. Potoka, Hunter C. Champion, Ana L. Mora, Mark T. Gladwin
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disorder in which endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling obstruct small pulmonary arteries, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary pressures. This leads to reduced cardiac output, right heart failure, and ultimately death. In this review, we attempt to answer some important questions commonly asked by patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension pertaining to the disease, and aim to provide an explanation in terms of classification, diagnosis, pathophysiology, genetic causes, demographics, and prognostic factors. Furthermore, important molecular pathways that are central to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension are reviewed, including nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelin-1, reactive oxygen species, and endothelial and smooth muscle proliferation.