tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN ADULT HEART WITH A DEFICIENT PERICARDIUM
Authors: Myrtelle M. Canavan
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The accompanying illustration shows a heart weighing 480 gm., which in situ was lying free on the left lung. No pericardium was visible except a triangular-shaped flap, which blended with the epicardium over the right side of the heart and was attached at the apex and near the emergence of the major arteries. The posterior portion of the heart was entirely devoid of pericardium. There was one other curiosity in the chest wall, namely, unequal fat deposit over the sternum; the right side scantily, the left side richly padded. It was thought that the continued beat of the uncovered heart against this portion of the chest might have interfered with the blood supply and contributed to the fracture of a rib before the patient's death.  The patient, aged 56, had general paralysis. The heart action was never attended by any known clinical irregularity, though there was no pericardial fluid. No
Changing Profile of Pesticide Poisoning
Authors: John E. Davies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Since 1945, some 15,000 individual compounds and more than 35,000 different formulations have come into use as pesticides. During this period, as a result of the widespread use of these agents, and particularly the organophosphorus insecticides, physicians have been called on to diagnose and manage a large number of poisonings. Most frequently, these present as life-threatening cholinergic crises, with miosis, sweating, and salivation, but with appropriate therapy, including the administration of atropine and pralidoxime, recovery usually follows within a few days.In some cases of organophosphate pesticide poisoning, the cholinergic phase may be followed by a delayed peripheral neuropathy involving . . .
In Vivo Visualization of Somatostatin Receptor Expression With Ga-68-DOTA-TATE PET/CT in Advanced Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Omar Alonso, Juan P. Gambini, Graciela Lago, Javier Gaudiano, Adriana Quagliata, Henry Engler
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Recently, combination therapies with somatostatin analogs have emerged as a therapeutic option for patients with androgen-independent advanced prostate cancer. Therefore, the confirmation of a sufficient number of somatostatin receptors to plan a receptor-targeted chemo- or radiation therapy is of clinical value. We present a case of a patient receiving androgen deprivation therapy with advanced prostate cancer with bone metastases diagnosed by a previously performed bone scan. Within 2 weeks, a Ga-68-DOTA-TATE PET/CT confirmed bone metastatic lesions and demonstrated tracer accumulation in a pelvic lymph node.
977. Differential Host T Cell Response to the Capsid of AAV2 and 8 in Muscle-Directed Gene Transfer in Murine and Non-Human Primate Models
Authors: Lili Wang, Roberto Calcedo, Rebecca Grant, Joanita M. Figueredo, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Host T cell response to the capsid proteins, if exists, may interfere with the much hoped long-term transgene expression as seen in the recent phase I clinical trial on AAV-mediated and liver-directed gene therapy for hemophilia B. We sought to investigate whether we could detect T cell responses to AAV capsid in animal models and whether the host would generate different responses to capsids of different serotypes. We first identified the immune dominant H2b- and H2d-restricted CD8 epitopes in the capsids of AAV2 and AAV2/8 in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, respectively.
Refugees and primary care: tackling the inequalities
Authors: D. Jones, P. S Gill
Journal: BMJ (1998)

As the 20th century draws to a close, outbreaks of hatred between human population groups show no sign of abating and conflicts continue to erupt. Families across the world find themselves forced to leave their homes and seek refuge where it can be found. Globally, there are 18 million refugees with 230 000 living in the United Kingdom (see box 1).1Almost half of these live in London, where 100 000 people are refugees or awaiting confirmation of refugee status.2Asylum seekers come from several countries around the world (see box 2). Many refugees have health problems but experience difficulty having their needs met by the NHS.3 This article explores the challenges that refugees pose for primary care and suggests alternative strategies to address inequalities in the care of refugees. ### Summary points The refugee population in Britain is highly diverse and is likely to remain large as conflicts continue to occur throughout the world Refugees, unlike other migrants, have had to flee to escape oppression The refugee population is concentrated in the greater London area, but new legislation will result in dispersal throughout the United Kingdom Refugees may be vulnerable to mental health problems yet have difficulty communicating their needs because of language barriers All refugees are entitled to the full range of NHS services free of charge, including registration with a general practitioner A strategic approach is needed to address the inequalities in primary care ### Box 1—Definition of refugees
Blair Alexander Thompson
Authors: Iain A Campbell, P W Brown
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant general surgeon Peel Hospital, Scottish Borders (b Tynemouth 1919; q Edinburgh 1942; FRCS Ed), d 7 June 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




After a house surgeon appointment at Ballochmyle Hospital, Blair served for three years in the Royal Air Force, before returning to Ballochmyle Hospital. He moved on to be registrar in general surgery in Cumbria and then registrar at Harold Wood Hospital in Essex. Blair became senior registrar in general surgery at Peel Hospital in 1955. He was promoted to consultant in 1960 and retired in 1983. Blair was a countryman at heart and enjoyed many rural pursuits, especially fishing. He leaves a wife, Joan; three daughters; and five grandchildren.
Roentgenologic Examination of the Gallbladder (Cholecystography)
Authors: Ronald G. Evens
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Organic phenolphthalein compounds had previously been injected intravenously into rabbits and dogs and observed to be concentrated into bile fluid. Graham and Cole identified a compound (the calcium salt of tetrabromphenolphthalein) that when given intravenously to patients resulted in “definite and cleanly cut shadows of the gallbladder” in radiographs of the abdomen obtained a few hours later.Their preliminary results suggested that a normal gallbladder is usually visualized, while a pathologic gallbladder is more difficult to observe, and predicted an important diagnostic role for this new roentgenologic examination.See PDF for full text of the original JAMA article.
Somatoform Pain Disorder in the General Population
Authors: Hans Joergen Grabe, Christian Meyer, Ulfert Hapke, Hans-Juergen Rumpf, Harald Juergen Freyberger, Horst Dilling, Ulrich John
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Chronic pain disorder is assumed to represent a frequent and disabling condition. However, data on the prevalence of somatoform pain symptoms and somatoform pain disorder in the community are limited to date. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; German versions of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were administered to a representative national sample of 4,075 people. Somatoform pain disorder was diagnosed by standardized diagnostic algorithm based on the DSM-III-R criteria (absence of adequate physical findings). One subgroup was identified as also meeting the DSM-IV criterion B for ‘significant distress or psychosocial impairment due to the somatoform pain’. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A lifetime prevalence rate of somatoform pain disorder according to DSM-III-R of 33.7% and a 6-month rate of 17.3% was found. When applying the DSM-IV B criterion, the prevalence rate dropped to 12.3 and 5.4%, respectively. In both groups more than 95% of the probands had contacted their doctor because of the pain. In 25% of the probands the pain was positively assigned to psychological factors. A female:male ratio of 2:1 was found.&lt;i&gt; Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Somatoform pain disorder (DSM-III-R) is a frequent condition. However, only about one third of these subjects is severely distressed or impaired by the pain. A clear operationalized concept of the DSM-IV criterion C ‘psychological factors are judged to have an important role in the onset, severity, exacerbation or maintenance of the pain’ should be provided in the further development of the diagnosis ‘pain disorder’ in order to make this diagnosis suitable for general population surveys.
Thyroxine Transport in Thyrotoxicosis and Hypothyroidism*
Authors: Mitsuo Inada, Kenneth Sterling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

(a) The thyroxine-binding proteins were investigated in 23 cases of untreated thyrotoxicosis and 16 cases of untreated hypothyroidism, employing reverse flow paper electrophoresis with the glycine acetate system at pH 8.6 in the Durrum type cell.(b) In active thyrotoxicosis, all sera exhibited diminished thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) capacities. however, 17 of the 23 sera also had diminished thryroxine-binding alpha globulin (TBG) capacities, as well as markedly elevated free thyroxine fractions. In contrast, six thyrotoxic sera had normal TBG capacities and normal or slightly elevated free thyroxine fractions.(c) In hypothyroidism, the TBPA capacities showed no consistent deviation from the normal range. 11 of the 16 sera had elevated TBG capacities as well as markedly diminished free thyroxine fractions. In contrast, five hypothyroid sera had normal TBG capacities and normal or nearly normal free thyroxine fractions.(d) In thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, the inverse correlation between free thyroxine fraction and TBG was much closer than that with TBPA. When diagnostic categories were considered separately, only TBG bore a significant inverse relation to the free thyroxine fraction. It is therefore suggested that in thyroid diseases TBG may sometimes play a more important role than TBPA in determining the free thyroxine fraction.(e) The demonstrated variations in the binding proteins were considered sufficient to explain the abnormalities of the free thyroxine fractions in thyroid disease.
Iron supply for erythropoiesis in the rabbit.
Authors: A Celada, S Stray, M Sivarajan, C Finch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Marrow radioiron uptake and marrow blood flow were measured in order to evaluate iron supply for erythropoiesis. Normal, phenylhydrazine-treated and bled animals were studied. The plasma iron turnover of seven normal rabbits was 1.49 +/- 0.22 mg/dl whole blood per d, of 11 rabbits treated 4 d before with phenylhydrazine was 5.16 +/- 1.81, and of four bled animals the plasma iron turnover was 3.75 +/- 1.61. The cardiac output and the percentage of blood flow to the marrow was increased in phenylhydrazine-treated and bled animals. Marrow iron flow in phenylhydrazine-treated animals was 38.3 +/- 32.6 micrograms/min per kg as compared with control values of 7.0 +/- 1.3 (P less than 0.01). This was due to an increase in marrow flow, an increase in plasma iron, and an increase in plasmatocrit. In bled animals, in spite of an increased marrow blood flow, marrow iron flow of 7.3 +/- 2.2 was similar to that of control animals due to a lower plasma iron concentration. The calculated marrow iron extraction of 3.7 +/- 2.4% in phenylhydrazine-treated animals was not different from that of control animals of 4.3 +/- 1.1, whereas extraction was increased in bled animals to 7.9 +/- 1.3 (P less than 0.01). In additional studies of transfused animals, acutely induced anemia was associated with an increased cardiac output, but also with a relative decrease in marrow flow, which left marrow iron supply unaffected. It would appear from these studies that an important mechanism for meeting the increased iron requirement of the hyperplastic erythroid marrow is an increase in marrow blood flow.
ACUTE SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCAEMIA
Authors: H. Moore, W. R. O'Farrell, L. K. Malley, M. A. Moriarty
Journal: BMJ (1931)

ATTACKS OF CLOSED LIDSBesides the oculogyric attacks, in which the eyes turn in some direction, there are others in which the lids close and cannot be opened.These are not uncommon.Some patients will tell you that there seems to be something behinid the lids which is pulling, and which prevents them opening the eyes.These are probably only a variation of the other more common form.The grounds for such a view are to be seen in the serial pictures from the case of facial palsy (Fig. 3).
The ovary: basic biology and clinical implications
Authors: JoAnne S. Richards, Stephanie A. Pangas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The classical view of ovarian follicle development is that it is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, in which gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls the release of the gonadotropic hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and that ovarian steroids exert both negative and positive regulatory effects on GnRH secretion. More recent studies in mice and humans indicate that many other intra-ovarian signaling cascades affect follicular development and gonadotropin action in a stage- and context-specific manner. As we discuss here, mutant mouse models and clinical evidence indicate that some of the most powerful intra-ovarian regulators of follicular development include the TGF-β/SMAD, WNT/FZD/β-catenin, and RAS/ERK1/2 signaling pathways and the FOXO/FOXL2 transcription factors.
Computer Programs to Support Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Edward H. Shortliffe
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Computer programs to assist with medical decision making have long been anticipated by physicians with both curiosity and concern. This article summarizes the current status of computer-based medical decision support, the goals of system developers, the reasons for slow progress since the field began almost 30 years ago, and the logistical and scientific challenges that lie ahead. It emphasizes in particular that decision-support programs are intended to serve as tools for trained practitioners who retain ultimate responsibility for determining diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:61-66)
Basophile: Accurate Fragment Charge State Prediction Improves Peptide Identification Rates
Authors: Dong Wang, Surendra Dasari, Matthew C. Chambers, Jerry D. Holman, Kan Chen, Daniel C. Liebler, Daniel J. Orton, Samuel O. Purvine, Matthew E. Monroe, Chang Y. Chung, Kristie L. Rose, David L. Tabb
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract In shotgun proteomics, database search algorithms rely on fragmentation models to predict fragment ions that should be observed for a given peptide sequence. The most widely used strategy (Naive model) is oversimplified, cleaving all peptide bonds with equal probability to produce fragments of all charges below that of the precursor ion. More accurate models, based on fragmentation simulation, are too computationally intensive for on-the-fly use in database search algorithms. We have created an ordinal-regression-based model called Basophile that takes fragment size and basic residue distribution into account when determining the charge retention during CID/higher-energy collision induced dissociation (HCD) of charged peptides. This model improves the accuracy of predictions by reducing the number of unnecessary fragments that are routinely predicted for highly-charged precursors. Basophile increased the identification rates by 26% (on average) over the Naive model, when analyzing triply-charged precursors from ion trap data. Basophile achieves simplicity and speed by solving the prediction problem with an ordinal regression equation, which can be incorporated into any database search software for shotgun proteomic identification.
CYFRA 21-1 as a Prognostic and Predictive Marker in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in a Prospective Trial: CALGB 150304
Authors: Martin J. Edelman, Lydia Hodgson, Paula Y. Rosenblatt, Robert H. Christenson, Everett E. Vokes, Xiaofei Wang, Robert Kratzke
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Impact of Expiratory Trigger Setting on Delayed Cycling and Inspiratory Muscle Workload
Authors: Didier Tassaux, Marc Gainnier, Anne Battisti, Philippe Jolliet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

During pressure-support ventilation, the ventilator cycles into expiration when inspiratory flow decreases to a given percentage of peak inspiratory flow ("expiratory trigger"). In obstructive disease, the slower rise and decrease of inspiratory flow entails delayed cycling, an increase in intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure, and nontriggering breaths.We hypothesized that setting expiratory trigger at a higher than usual percentage of peak inspiratory flow would attenuate the adverse effects of delayed cycling.Ten intubated patients with obstructive disease undergoing pressure support were studied at expiratory trigger settings of 10, 25, 50, and 70% of peak inspiratory flow.Continuous recording of diaphragmatic EMG activity with surface electrodes, and esophageal and gastric pressures with a dual-balloon nasogastric tube.Compared with expiratory trigger 10, expiratory trigger 70 reduced the magnitude of delayed cycling (0.25 +/- 0.18 vs. 1.26 +/- 0.72 s, p < 0.05), intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (4.8 +/- 1.9 vs. 6.5 +/- 2.2 cm H(2)O, p < 0.05), nontriggering breaths (2 +/- 3 vs. 9 +/- 5 breaths/min, p < 0.05), and triggering pressure-time product (0.9 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.7 cm H2O . s, p < 0.05).Setting expiratory trigger at a higher percentage of peak inspiratory flow in patients with obstructive disease during pressure support improves patient-ventilator synchrony and reduces inspiratory muscle effort. Further studies should explore whether these effects can influence patient outcome.
Diagnosis and treatment of primary myelodysplastic syndromes in adults: recommendations from the European LeukemiaNet
Authors: Luca Malcovati, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, David Bowen, Lionel Adès, Jaroslav Cermak, Consuelo del Cañizo, Matteo G. Della Porta, Pierre Fenaux, Norbert Gattermann, Ulrich Germing, Joop H. Jansen, Moshe Mittelman, Ghulam Mufti, Uwe Platzbecker, Guillermo F. Sanz, Dominik Selleslag, Mette Skov-Holm, Reinhard Stauder, Argiris Symeonidis, Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht, Theo de Witte, Mario Cazzola
Journal: Blood (2013)
Bradycardia and Syncope as Early Manifestations of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: A. M. Paull, D. V. Pecora, P. Cooper, H. A. Lawson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

IT is well known that disease in many organs of the body can cause reflex disturbances in the heart. Harken et al.,1 in discussing the subject, described 3 patients, 2 of whom manifested cardiac disturbances — namely, heart block and angina pectoris; laryngospasm occuired in the third patient. These abnormalities were thought to be due to reflexes initiated by hiatus hernia. The authors also mentioned a case of bronchogenic carcinoma with recurrent-laryngeal-nerve paralysis, bradycardia and syncope that had been previously reported in the literature. The nerve pathways involved in these reflexes were reviewed, and it was noted that visceral afferent . . .
The toxic shock syndrome
Authors: P. G Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1990)

increased intraepithelial lymphocytes.Entero- pathy due to cows' milk sensitivity has been associated with post-enteritis syndrome-that is, chronic diarrhoea after infection.Most cases in our study resolved spontaneously despite the children continuing with a normal diet, and three children given a milk free diet showed no obvious benefit.Thus in immunocompetent children crvptosporidium seems to be an important cause of chronic, as well as acute, diarrhoea.It is associated with enteropathy of the small intestine and with severe failure to thrive, which add to the urgent need for effective treatment.
COPD and Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Domenico Galetta, Maria Serra, Lucia Occhionero
Journal: JAMA (2007)

providesaconcisereviewof preoperative assessment and perioperative risk reduc-tionstrategiesforpatientssusceptibletopostoperativepul-monarycomplications(PPCs).Hecitesevidencethathesug-gests favors the use of intraoperative neuraxial blockade(rather than general anesthesia) and postoperative epidu-ralanalgesiaforreductionofPPCsinhigh-riskpatients.How-ever, conclusions regarding the superiority of these tech-niques must be interpreted cautiously.In support of neuraxial (spinal or epidural) anesthesia,Smetanacitesameta-analysisbyRodgersetal
Building a bridal chamber: development of the thalamus
Authors: Steffen Scholpp, Andrew Lumsden
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2010)

The thalamus is a central brain region that plays a crucial role in distributing incoming sensory information to appropriate regions of the cortex. The thalamus develops in the posterior part of the embryonic forebrain, where early cell fate decisions are controlled by a local signaling center - the mid-diencephalic organizer - which forms at the boundary between prospective prethalamus and thalamus. In this review we discuss recent observations of early thalamic development in zebrafish, chick, and mouse embryos, that reveal a conserved set of interactions between homeodomain transcription factors. These interactions position the organizer along the neuraxis. The most prominent of the organizer's signals, Sonic hedgehog, is necessary for conferring regional identity on the prethalamus and thalamus and for patterning their differentiation.
CHARACTERIZATION OF URINARY STEROIDS IN ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA: ISOLATION OF METABOLITES OF CORTISOL, COMPOUND S, AND DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE FROM A NORMOTENSIVE PATIENT WITH ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME *
Authors: Hortense M. Gandy, E. Henry Keutmann, Anthony J. Izzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

Congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia miiay present a varied clinical picture.Patients have been described who have only excessive virilization (1); others have an associated Addison-like elec- trolyte disturbance (2, 3), with hypoglycemia (4), or with hypertension (5-9).Recent studies (10- 12) indicate that the manifestation of virilism may result from defects in the biosynthesis of cortisol.'The first suggestion regarding the nature of the
Exocrine pancreatic response to the venom of the scorpion, Tityus trinitatis.
Authors: C Bartholomew, J J Murphy, K F McGeeney, O Fitzgerald
Journal: Gut (1977)

This paper records for the first time the exocrine pancreatic response to scorpion venom, in this case that of Tityus trinitatis, a scorpion endemic in Trinidad. The crude venom injected intravenously into fasting anaesthetised dogs induced a secretion of the exocrine pancreas. The secretion evoked was rich in enzymes.
SKIN TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Abner I. Weisman
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  It has recently been called to my attention by a number of physicians that a new cutaneous test for the diagnosis of pregnancy based on the report of Falls, Freda and Cohen ( Am. J. Obst. & Gynec.  41 :431 [March] 1941) is now being actively detailed by a commercial pharmaceutic organization as a simplified, economical, reliable diagnostic skin test for pregnancy.  A recent report by Dr. Arnold F. Snyder and myself ( ibid.  42 :738 [Oct.] 1941) lists one hundred and fifty such tests using the exact technic described by Falls and his co-workers, in which an accuracy of only 75 per cent could be attained.  A word of caution should be interposed at this point in order to warn the practitioner not to be hasty in placing too much confidence in this reaction until further reports in the literature can support the contention of Falls and his