tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of the Normal Frank and McFee-Parungao Orthogonal Electrocardiogram in the Adolescent
Authors: JEROME LIEBMAN, MOO H. LEE, P. SYAMASUNDAR RAO, WILMA MACKAY
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A detailed linear, circular and spherical quantitation of the Frank and McFee-Parungao orthogonal electrocardiograms of 166 adolescents is presented. There are significant differences between pubescent males and females: (1) QRS and T magnitudes in the male are greater than in the female. (2) The difference in magnitudes is greater at age 11-15 than at age 16-19, presumably because females reach puberty earlier. (3) The differences in magnitudes are on the X and Z axes but not the Y axis. (4) Males achieve their maximal posterior QRS orientation sooner than females and are more superior as it occurs. (5) The female's T vector is less anterior than the male's. (6) The angular deviation of T from QRS is less in females than males for the horizontal and sagittal planes. There are significant differences between the two lead systems: (1) The McFee-Parungao's voltages are greater than those of the Frank system. (2) On the X axis, the Frank leftward vector is 62% of the McFee, but the terminal rightward vector is 85% of the McFee. (3) On the Y axis, the Frank inferior vector is 76% of the McFee, but initial superior is 90% and the terminal superior 62% of the McFee. (4) On the X axis, 25% is terminally to the right in the Frank, but only 15% in the McFee. (5) The Frank system is oriented slightly more posterior than the McFee, though the T vectors are not oriented differently. There is no evidence that the spatial QRS and T orientations are related to each other.
Sox2 cooperates with Chd7 to regulate genes that are mutated in human syndromes
Authors: Erik Engelen, Umut Akinci, Jan Christian Bryne, Jun Hou, Cristina Gontan, Maaike Moen, Dorota Szumska, Christel Kockx, Wilfred van IJcken, Dick H W Dekkers, Jeroen Demmers, Erik-Jan Rijkers, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Sjaak Philipsen, Larysa H Pevny, Frank G Grosveld, Robbert J Rottier, Boris Lenhard, Raymond A Poot
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Hypertension from cold remedies.
Authors: P. M. Humberstone
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDIISOURshowed crystal clear fluid under normal pressure.Microscopic examination showed no cells, and the protein content was 35 mg./100 ml.It was thought that the hypertensive crisis might be a consequence of the drug therapy.In case the administration of pethidine was a contributory factor, she was treated with a forced acid diuresis and a minimal urine pH of 4-8 was obtained.The blood pressure started to fall and by 10 hours after the ingestion of Mucron it had reached a level of 130/70.The blood pressure remained normal during the rest of her stay in hospital, and on follow-up one month later she was normotensive and asympto- matic apart from a mild depression.
Evidence that the phytochrome gene family in black cottonwood has one PHYA locus and two PHYB loci but lacks members of the PHYC/F and PHYE subfamilies
Authors: G. T. Howe, P. A. Bucciaglia, W. P. Hackett, G. R. Furnier, M. M. Cordonnier-Pratt, G. Gardner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The phytochrome photoreceptors play important roles in the photoperiodic control of vegetative bud set, growth cessation, dormancy induction, and cold-hardiness in trees. Interestingly, ecotypic differences in photoperiodic responses are observed in many temperate-zone tree species. Northern and southern ecotypes of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray), for example, exhibit marked differences in the timing of short-day-induced bud set and growth cessation, and these responses are controlled by phytochrome. Therefore, as a first step toward determining the molecular genetic basis of photoperiodic ecotypes in trees, we characterized the phytochrome gene (PHY) family in black cottonwood. We recovered fragments of one PHYA and two PHYB using PCR-based cloning and by screening a genomic library. Results from Southern analyses confirmed that black cottonwood has one PHYA locus and two PHYB loci, which we arbitrarily designated PHYB1 and PHYB2. Phylogenetic analyses which included PHY from black cottonwood, Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) suggest that the PHYB/D duplications in these species occurred independently. When Southern blots were probed with PHYC, PHYE, and PHYE heterologous probes, the strongest bands that we detected were those of black cottonwood PHYA and/or PHYB. These results suggest that black cottonwood lacks members of the PHYC/F and PHYE subfamilies. Although black cottonwood could contain additional PHY that are distantly related to known angiosperm PHY, our results imply that the PHY family of black cottonwood is less complex than that of other well-characterized dicot species such as Arabidopsis and tomato. Based on Southern analyses of five black cottonwood genotypes representing three photoperiodic ecotypes, substantial polymorphism was detected for at least one of the PHYB loci but not for the PHYA locus. The novel character of the PHY family in black cottonwood, as well as the differences in polymorphism we observed between the PHYA and PHYB subfamilies, indicates that a number of fundamental macro- and microevolutionary questions remain to be answered about the PHY family in dicots.
Book: Fat Land: How Americans Became the Fattest People in the World
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Background</h3> Although under-five mortality reduced globally from 93 per 1000 live births in 1990 to 39 in 2018, sub-Saharan Africa witnessed an increase from 31% in 1990 to 54% in 2018. Morbidity has been reported to contribute largely to these deaths. This study examined the factors that are associated with childhood morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. <h3>Methods</h3> Demographic and Health Surveys of 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa were used in this study. The study involved 189 069 children who had or did not have fever, cough or diarrhoea in the 2 weeks preceding the surveys. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied in the analysis. <h3>Results</h3> About 22% of the children suffered from fever, 23% suffered from cough and 16% suffered from diarrhoea. While the odds of experiencing fever increased by 37% and 18%, respectively, for children from poorest and poorer households, children of women aged 15–24 and 25–34 years are 47% and 23%, respectively, more likely to experience diarrhoea. The probability of suffering from morbidity increased for children who are 12–23 months, of higher order birth, small in size at birth and from households with non-improved toilet facility. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study has shown that childhood morbidity remains a major health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa with socioeconomic, maternal, child’s and environmental factors playing significant roles. Efforts at addressing this problem should consider these factors.
Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Scanning of the Abdomen
Authors: Peter F. Winter
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m scan of the abdomen gave positive results in a 5-year-old girl with recurrent abdominal pain and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. An ileal duplication cyst lined by gastric mucosa was found at operation. Abnormal localization of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m can be observed in any condition with ectopic gastric mucosa.
CASE OF POISONING BY CHLOROFORM
Authors: F. H. Hartshorne
Journal: BMJ (1854)

A?UIL Sir tuning over the patiet on his back, and following up the exmination to the left hip, it was soon obvious that he was Ig from dislocation of the left hip into the foramen ovale.The head of the femur wras plainly felt in the peri- neim, and the trochanter had fallen in.Chloroform was administered, and the dislocation was soon reduced in the manner laid down by the same great authority, Sir Astley Cooper.The only singular part of this ease is, that the pain suffered was attributed to the opposite limb, which was to some extent contused, and the leg, fractured.This is, too, an accident of not very frequent occurrence.I have met with one only of the same description before.Both these cases are doing well.
Upper airway factors that protect against obstructive sleep apnoea in healthy older males
Authors: Thomas Carlisle, Elliott R. Carthy, Martin Glasser, Peter Drivas, Alison McMillan, Martin R. Cowie, Anita K. Simonds, Mary J. Morrell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) increases with age, yet the risk factors for OSA in older people remain poorly understood. This study aimed to define the age-related changes in upper airway morphology in carefully matched groups of healthy older (>60 years, n=11) and younger (<40 years, n=14) males, using direct (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) and indirect (acoustic reflection) imaging. The median (interquartile range) combined retropalatal and retroglossal pharyngeal length was greater in older than in younger males (older 8.8 (7.8-9.0) cm, younger 7.8 (7.0-8.3) cm; p=0.03), as was the soft palate cross-sectional area (older 43.1 (36.0-48.8) cm(2), younger 35.3 (30.5-40.5) cm(2); p=0.03), parapharyngeal fat pad diameter (older 1.7 (1.4-2.2) cm, younger 1.2 (1.0-1.8) cm; p=0.03) and cross-sectional area of the fat pads (older 13.8 (9.1-17.1) cm(2); younger 7.4 (5.9-13.0) cm(2); p=0.02) as measured by MRI. Using acoustic reflection, pharyngeal calibre (older 4.8 (3.8-6.6) cm(2), younger 3.4 (2.8-4.6) cm(2); p=0.03), pharyngeal volume (older 35.1 (30.9-55.4) cm(3), younger 27.2 (22.7-44.2) cm(3); p=0.04) and glottis area (older 2.7 (2.1-3.9) cm(2), younger 1.3 (1.1-1.9) cm(2); p=0.003) were also larger in older participants compared with younger participants. There was no difference in craniofacial measures between groups, including volumetric data and hyoid bone position. The larger pharyngeal calibre observed in older males may be compensating for an age-related enlargement in pharyngeal soft tissue that predisposes to OSA.
INJURY AND ILLNESS PATTERNS IN COMPETITIVE SAILORS OF THE 43RD ISAF YOUTH SAILING WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP – A 12-MONTH RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: D Leong, C Vaz Pardal, B Tan, C Lin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The competitive youth sailor appears to be at risk for injuries, but there are few reports on their injury patterns. Objective To describe the incidence, pattern, and severity of sailing-related injuries and illnesses among competitive youth sailors. Design Retrospective descriptive study. Setting Prior to and during the 43 rd ISAF Youth Sailing World Championship, sailors were invited to answer an interviewer-administered 12-month recall questionnaire. Participants Participating sailors of the ISAF World Youth Sailing Championship, 13–20 July 2013, Limassol, Cyprus. Risk factor assessment The following risk factors were studied: training load; participation in other sport; use of sunscreen/lifejacket; alcohol and drug consumption. Main outcome measurements The occurrence or non-occurrence of sailing-related injuries and illnesses; the number of injuries; the site, type, cause/mechanism of injury; and contributing factors to injury. Results 287 (82%) out of 351 sailors completed the questionnaire. 50 sailors reported a total of 60 injuries. The rate of injury was 0.42 injuries per 1000 hours of sailing. The 3 most injured sites were the lower back (24%), knee (18%) and ankle (9%). The top 3 injury types were sprain (21%), muscle strain/tear (16%), and muscle cramp/spasm (16%). No associations were found between injury occurrence and age, gender, class, helm/crew position, participation in other sport, years competing, and training load. Medical care was sought for 17% of injuries, and 12% were considered severe. Of the nine illnesses, sunburn was the most common symptom (29%) and the dermatological system was most commonly affected (44%). Conclusions Competitive youth sailors report mainly lower back and knee injuries, similar to studies of elite adult sailors. Half of the injuries were attributed to overuse, while a significant proportion (31%) were acute. Compared to adult sailors, a higher proportion of youth sailors required rest from sailing, although they had less injury per 1000 sailing hours. This study informs future efforts in injury prevention and recovery in youth sailors.
The Prevalence of Nontraditional Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Paul Muntner, L. Lee Hamm, John W. Kusek, Jing Chen, Paul K. Whelton, Jiang He
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Risk for coronary heart disease is high among patients with chronic kidney disease. Objective: To compare the prevalence of low apolipoprotein A1 levels and elevated apolipoprotein B, plasma fibrinogen, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and C-reactive protein levels by estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey. Participants: 12 547, 3180, and 744 persons with estimated GFRs of at least 90, 60 to 89, or less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, respectively, who were at least 18 years of age. Measurements: Chronic kidney disease was defined as an estimated GFR of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 based on the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Results: After standardization for age, race or ethnicity, and sex, lower estimated GFR (≥ 90, 60 to 89, or <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) was associated with lower average levels of apolipoprotein A1 (1.44, 1.43, and 1.35 g/L) and higher levels of apolipoprotein B (1.03, 1.06, and 1.08 g/L), plasma fibrinogen (8.43, 8.44, and 9.53 µmol/L), homocysteine (8.5, 10.0, and 13.2 µmol/L), and C-reactive protein (3.0, 2.9, and 3.9 mg/L) (P < 0.05 for all values). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of an apolipoprotein A1 level of less than 1.2 g/L, a serum lipoprotein(a) level of at least 1.61 µmol/L (≥ 45.3 mg/dL), a plasma fibrinogen level of at least 10.35 µmol/L, a serum homocysteine level of at least 15 µmol/L, and a C-reactive protein level of at least 10.0 mg/L for participants with chronic kidney disease compared with those with a GFR of at least 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or greater were 1.92 (95% CI, 1.02 to 3.63), 1.82 (CI, 1.06 to 3.13), 1.74 (CI, 1.35 to 2.24), 8.23 (CI, 5.00 to 13.6), and 1.93 (CI, 1.33 to 2.81), respectively. Conclusions: Levels of apolipoprotein A1 are decreased and levels of homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein are increased among patients with chronic kidney disease.
Medical decision making: analyzing options in the face of uncertainty
Authors: T. Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocyte loss and left ventricular failure characterise the long term effects of coronary artery narrowing or renal hypertension in rats
Authors: P. Li, X. Zhang, J. M Capasso, L. G Meggs, E. H Sonnenblick, P. Anversa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Myocyte loss and left ventricular failure characterise the long term effects of coronary artery narrowing or renal hypertension in rats Get access Peng Li, Peng Li Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA: P Li, X Zhang, J M Capasso, L G Meggs, E H Sonnenblick, P Anversa. Correspondence to Dr Anversa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Xun Zhang, Xun Zhang Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA: P Li, X Zhang, J M Capasso, L G Meggs, E H Sonnenblick, P Anversa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph M Capasso, Joseph M Capasso Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA: P Li, X Zhang, J M Capasso, L G Meggs, E H Sonnenblick, P Anversa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leonard G Meggs, Leonard G Meggs Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA: P Li, X Zhang, J M Capasso, L G Meggs, E H Sonnenblick, P Anversa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edmund H Sonnenblick, Edmund H Sonnenblick Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA: P Li, X Zhang, J M Capasso, L G Meggs, E H Sonnenblick, P Anversa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Piero Anversa Piero Anversa Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA: P Li, X Zhang, J M Capasso, L G Meggs, E H Sonnenblick, P Anversa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1993, Pages 1066–1075, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.6.1066 Published: 01 June 1993 Article history Received: 15 October 1992 Accepted: 26 November 1992 Published: 01 June 1993
Genotype-Guided vs Clinical Dosing of Warfarin and Its Analogues
Authors: Kathleen Stergiopoulos, David L. Brown
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Significant variations in dose requirements of warfarin and its analogues (acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon) make selecting the appropriate dose for an individual patient difficult. Genetic factors account for approximately one-third of the variation in dose requirement. The clinical usefulness of genotype-guided dosing of warfarin has been previously assessed in randomized clinical trials that were limited by lack of power and inconsistent results.To compare genotype-guided initial dosing of warfarin and its analogues with clinical dosing protocols.MEDLINE (inception to December 31, 2013), EMBASE (inception to December 31, 2013), and the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception to December 31, 2013) were searched for randomized clinical trials comparing genotype-guided warfarin dosing vs clinical dosing for adults with indications for anticoagulation.Two investigators extracted data independently on trial design, baseline characteristics, and outcomes. High-quality studies were considered those that described an appropriate method of randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, and completeness of follow-up.The outcomes analyzed included the percentage of time that the international normalized ratio (INR) was within the therapeutic range, the percentage of patients with an INR greater than 4, and the incidence of major bleeding and thromboembolic events. Summary standardized differences in means (or Mantel-Haenszel risk ratios) were obtained using a random-effects model.In 9 trials, 2812 patients were randomized to receive warfarin, acenocoumarol, or phenprocoumon according to a genotype-guided algorithm or a clinical dosing algorithm. Follow-up ranged from 4 weeks to 6 months (median, 12 weeks). The standardized difference in means of the percentage of time that the INR was within the therapeutic range was 0.14 (95% CI, -0.10 to 0.39) in the genotype-guided dosing cohort (P = .25). The risk ratio for an INR greater than 4 was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.05) for genotype-guided dosing vs clinical dosing. The risk ratios for major bleeding and thromboembolic events were 0.60 (95% CI, 0.29 to 1.22) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.46 to 2.05), respectively, for genotype-guided vs clinical dosing.In this meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, a genotype-guided dosing strategy did not result in a greater percentage of time that the INR was within the therapeutic range, fewer patients with an INR greater than 4, or a reduction in major bleeding or thromboembolic events compared with clinical dosing algorithms.
AAV Transduction of Dopamine Neurons With Constitutively Active Rheb Protects From Neurodegeneration and Mediates Axon Regrowth
Authors: Sang Ryong Kim, Tatyana Kareva, Olga Yarygina, Nikolai Kholodilov, Robert E Burke
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

There are currently no therapies that provide either protection or restoration of neuronal function for adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Many clinical efforts to provide such benefits by infusion of neurotrophic factors have failed, in spite of robust effects in preclinical assessments. One important reason for these failures is the difficulty, due to diffusion limits, of providing these protein molecules in sufficient amounts to the intended cellular targets in the central nervous system. This challenge suggests an alternative approach, that of viral vector transduction to directly activate the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate neurotrophic effects. To this end we have investigated the ability of a constitutively active form of the GTPase Rheb, an important activator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) signaling, to mediate neurotrophic effects in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), a population of neurons affected in PD. We find that constitutively active hRheb(S16H) induces many neurotrophic effects in mice, including abilities to both preserve and restore the nigrostriatal dopaminergic axonal projections in a highly destructive neurotoxin model. We conclude that direct viral vector transduction of vulnerable neuronal populations to activate intracellular neurotrophic signaling pathways offers promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Group Medical Practice and Prepayment
Authors: Cecil C. Cutting
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

A STEADILY increasing number of medical groups has been one of the significant developments in the changing patterns of medical practice in the United States since World War II. A United States Public Health Service survey in 1959 revealed that the numbers of medical groups and participating physicians had increased more than 300 per cent since 1946. It further stated that 1 in every 10 actively practicing physicians at that time belonged to some form of medical group.1 Group medical practice and various factors stimulating its propagation have been subjects for numerous studies since C. Rufus Rorem2 completed the first . . .