tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A somatically mutated human antiganglioside IgM antibody that induces experimental neuropathy in mice is encoded by the variable region heavy chain gene, V1-18.
Authors: H J Willison, G M O'Hanlon, G Paterson, J Veitch, G Wilson, M Roberts, T Tang, A Vincent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

IgM paraproteins associated with autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and anti-Pr cold agglutinins react with sialic acid epitopes present on disialylated gangliosides including GD1b, GT1b, GQ1b, and GD3. A causal relationship between the paraprotein and the neuropathy has never been proven experimentally. From peripheral blood B cells of an affected patient, we have cloned a human hybridoma secreting an antidisialosyl IgM mAb, termed Ha1, that shows identical structural and functional characteristics to its serum counterpart. Variable region analysis shows Ha1 is encoded by the same VH1 family heavy chain gene, V1-18, as the only other known anti-Pr antibody sequence and is somatically mutated, suggesting that it [correction of is] arose in vivo in response to antigenic stimulation. In the rodent peripheral nervous system, Ha1 immunolocalizes to dorsal root ganglia, motor nerve terminals, muscle spindles, myelinated axons, and nodes of Ranvier. After intraperitoneal injection of affinity-purified antibody into mice for 10 d, electrophysiological recordings from the phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation demonstrated impairment of nerve excitability and a reduction in quantal release of neurotransmitter. These data unequivocally establish that an antidisialosyl antibody can exert pathophysiological effects on the peripheral nervous system and strongly support the view that the antibody contributes to the associated human disease.
Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Francis D. Moore, Steven I. Woodrow, Menelaos A. Aliapoulios, Richard E. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Follow-up Data and the Free IntervalAfter the primary treatment, the patient enters an interval free of overt disease. In approximately half of all patients treated for cancer of the breast, this interval will last for the rest of her life. Whatever its duration, the patient has several problems to face: cosmetic factors; radiation; surgical menopause; the opposite breast; and follow-up examination for recurrence.As for the opposite breast, figures for recurrence range from 7 to 12 per cent, always with some lingering confusion over whether the second breast is involved by metastases or new primary disease. Among the . . .
Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling With an Implantable Ventricular Assist Device: Beat to Beat Variability With Overall Improvement
Authors: Satoshi Nakatani, James D. Thomas, Pieter M. Vandervoort, Jianhua Zhou, Neil L. Greenberg, Robert M. Savage, Patrick M. McCarthy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Disrupted cortical function underlies behavior dysfunction due to social isolation
Authors: Tomoyuki Miyazaki, Kenkichi Takase, Waki Nakajima, Hirobumi Tada, Daisuke Ohya, Akane Sano, Takahisa Goto, Hajime Hirase, Roberto Malinow, Takuya Takahashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Stressful events during early childhood can have a profound lifelong influence on emotional and cognitive behaviors. However, the mechanisms by which stress affects neonatal brain circuit formation are poorly understood. Here, we show that neonatal social isolation disrupts molecular, cellular, and circuit developmental processes, leading to behavioral dysfunction. Neonatal isolation prevented long-term potentiation and experience-dependent synaptic trafficking of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors normally occurring during circuit formation in the rodent barrel cortex. This inhibition of AMPA receptor trafficking was mediated by an increase of the stress glucocorticoid hormone and was associated with reduced calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII) signaling, resulting in attenuated whisker sensitivity at the cortex. These effects led to defects in whisker-dependent behavior in juvenile animals. These results indicate that neonatal social isolation alters neuronal plasticity mechanisms and perturbs the initial establishment of a normal cortical circuit, which potentially explains the long-lasting behavioral effects of neonatal stress.
THE PATHOGENIC ROLE OF FIBRIN DEPOSITION IN THE GLOMERULAR LESIONS OF TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Pierre Vassalli, Robert H. Morris, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

An immunofluorescent study of renal biopsies from patients with toxemia of pregnancy has been performed. It was found that the glomeruli consistently showed bright staining for fibrin within endothelial cells, as well as occasional deposits along the basement membrane. Gamma globulin was only occasionally demonstrable, generally in the form of irregular deposits along the basement membrane. beta(1C) was absent and albumin was not seen in glomeruli, except sometimes in the form of droplets within epithelial cells. In biopsies from pregnant patients without toxemia only equivocal staining for fibrin was seen. On the basis of these observations and other evidence discussed, it is proposed that the accumulation of fibrin in glomeruli reflects a prolonged state of intravascular clotting in toxemia and that the arrest in glomeruli of some form of circulating fibrin constitutes the basic pathogenic mechanism of the glomerular damage in this disease.
SPEAKING FOR THE PATIENT
Authors: F. R. CALHOUN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Letters and Comments1 July 1967SPEAKING FOR THE PATIENTF. R. CALHOUN, M.D.F. R. CALHOUN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-1-222 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: While I grant that an editorialist per se uses language in an expressive or evocative sense, I question the propriety of implying in a key portion of an editorial that the expressive or evocative language rests upon language licitly used in its logical sense. I am alluding to the editorial with the rhetorical title "Who Speaks for the Patient?" (Ann. Intern. Med. 66: 809, 1967).Beginning with the second paragraph, permit me to reduce what was stated there to the form and terms of a syllogism. Thus:The patient is first.The physician is second.Therefore, the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: F. R. CALHOUN, M.D.Affiliations: 737 Republic Bldg. Denver, Colo. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byStructure of Close Binaries. I: Polytropes 1 July 1967Volume 67, Issue 1Page: 222-222 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Facing the Problem of the Sexually Abused Child
Authors: Gerald Stechler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Because sexual abuse of children can represent violation of one, two, or three of the most fundamental and universal of social taboos — sex with children, forced sex, and incest — it generates such a strong aversive reaction that one may lose the ability to make critical distinctions. The immediate reaction is to be harshly judgmental toward the perpetrator; that harshness may be the defense by which we disown the possibility of such propensities in ourselves. However, the mandate of the physician is to heal and not to judge. Fulfillment of that mandate requires understanding and control of powerful feelings. . . .
Goodies in the new health Bill
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The government's second attempt to introduce a Health and Social Security Bill got off to a bad start.The copies were not back from the printers at the appointed time, and that caused a fuss in the Commons with Mr Frank Dobson, Labour's shadow health spokesman.The Bill, the provisions to implement the decisions on opticians' services apart, is pretty much the same as the one that Mrs
Treatment of steroid-dependent bronchial asthma with cyclosporin
Authors: E Nizankowska, J Soja, G Pinis, G Bochenek, K Sladek, B Domagala, A Pajak, A Szczeklik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The treatment of chronic severe asthma is unsatisfactory for many patients. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of treatment of steroid-dependent asthma with cyclosporin. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group trial on the effect of cyclosporin on pulmonary function, asthma severity and tapering of prednisone in 34 steroid-dependent asthmatics (mean oral prednisone dose: 16 mg.day-1). The study consisted of: 1) baseline period (12 weeks); 2) experimental period divided into two parts: Part I (12 weeks) cyclosporin or placebo treatment; Part II (22 weeks) cyclosporin or placebo treatment and oral prednisone reduction; and 3) follow-up observation (8 weeks). Asthma symptoms score, pulmonary function tests (daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) and bi-weekly forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MEF50), biochemical profile and blood cyclosporin levels were monitored throughout the study. Following cyclosporin administration, a slight beneficial effect on some subjective parameters of asthma severity was observed. At the same time, no beneficial effect on pulmonary function was noted. The time trends analysis of mean daily prednisone doses between the treatment groups revealed a statistically significant difference indicating that, during prednisone reduction, cyclosporin seemed to be slightly more efficient than placebo in reducing the requirement for systemic corticosteroid, even though the steroid reduction was accompanied by slight impairment of some pulmonary function. However, there was no significant difference in the final dose reduction between the treatment groups. These data and the known toxicity of the drug suggest a limited place for cyclosporin treatment in steroid-dependent bronchial asthma.
An integrative approach to the modeling of behavior
Authors: William Timberlake, Norman Pecoraro, Matthew Tinsley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Theorists of learning, regulation, and evolution explain behavior using remarkably different concepts because of pressures toward specialization, a focus on testing simple causal theories that underconceptualize the contributions of the organism and its environment, and the absence of a working model capable of surviving in a complex environment. We add suggestions for the development and testing of such a model.
ATX-S10(Na)-photodynamic therapy is less carcinogenic for mouse skin compared with ultraviolet B irradiation
Authors: H. Takahashi, S. Nakajima, I. Sakata, A. Ishida-Yamamoto, H. Iizuka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is available for the treatment of various skin tumours and other skin diseases. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces DNA damage, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), all of which are carcinogenic for the skin. However, effects of PDT on DNA damage and carcinogenesis are unclear. Objectives To compare the production of photoproducts and the induction of skin tumours in mouse epidermis treated with UVB or PDT. Methods We performed UVB irradiation or ATX-S10(Na)–PDT on the skin of 20 hairless mice, in each case, and analysed DNA damage and tumour induction. Results After a single irradiation of UVB on mouse skin, CPD, 6-4PP and 8-OHdG were detected in the nuclei of keratinocytes. In contrast, PDT-treated mouse keratinocytes showed induction of 8-OHdG, but not of CPD or 6-4PP. Skin tumours induced by UVB irradiation (3 kJ m−2 three times weekly) were observed following 15 weeks of irradiation (mean ± SEM tumour incidence 3·2 ± 1·8%; tumour number 3·2 ± 1·6 per mouse) and increased depending on irradiation times and doses. Following 30 weeks of UVB irradiation (3 kJ m−2 three times weekly), mean ± SEM tumour incidence and tumour number were 28·7 ± 4·8% and 14·2 ± 2·8% per mouse, respectively. Although skin tumours were also detected in PDT-treated mouse skin following 80 weeks of treatment (mean ± SEM tumour incidence 9·1 ± 1·8%; tumour number 12·2 ± 2·3 per mouse), the number of tumours was not statistically different from untreated mouse skin (mean ± SEM tumour incidence 4·1 ± 3·8%; tumour number 5·2 ± 3·3 per mouse). Conclusions PDT induced 8-OHDG but not CPD or 6-4PP, and was shown to be a relatively safe modality following multiple applications to mouse skin.
EFFECT OF HOST IMMUNITY TO A FILTERABLE VIRUS (VIRUS III) ON THE GROWTH AND MALIGNANCY OF A TRANSPLANTABLE RABBIT NEOPLASM
Authors: Louise Pearce, Thomas M. Rivers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Experiments are reported in which were studied the course and character of a transplantable malignant neoplasm in normal rabbits and in rabbits immunized with a filterable virus, Virus III. The disease which developed in immunized rabbits was extremely mild and much less severe than in normal animals. The effect upon the tumor process displayed by Virus III immune rabbits in the direction of diminished malignancy is considered to be entirely non-specific in character, and the suggestion is made that it is accomplished through a more effective resistance of the host.
Ribavirin inhibits protein synthesis and cell proliferation induced by mitogenic factors in primary human and rat hepatocytes
Authors: Gennady P. Ilyin, Sophie Langouët, Maryvonne Rissel, Jean-Guy Delcros, Andre Guillouzo, Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Ribavirin, a guanosine analog, used in combination with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, has been shown to improve liver histology and to decrease transaminases even when administered alone. We analyzed the direct effects of ribavirin on the liver by using primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes. Between 10 to 60 micromol/L, ribavirin was found to inhibit both the synthesis and secretion of whole proteins in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Such an effect was confirmed by the measurement of albumin and haptoglobin secretion rates. [3H]-Thymidine incorporation was suppressed both in hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated human hepatocytes and in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated rat hepatocytes in the presence of ribavirin. The inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis was associated with a delayed progression to S phase of the cell cycle, as determined by flow cytometry and detection of cyclin A and cdc2 which are two proteins expressed during the S phase. The inhibition of DNA synthesis, caused by 50 micromol/L ribavirin, was completely restored by the addition of 80 micromol/L guanosine. These observations demonstrate that ribavirin at concentrations close to those found in plasma of treated patients can directly affect hepatic functions in vitro. Its effects could, however, be reduced in vivo by guanosine salvage supply.
Percutaneous Intracoronary Cellular Cardiomyoplasty for Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: Clinical and Histopathological Results: The First-in-Man ABCD (Autologous Bone Marrow Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy) Trial
Authors: Sandeep Seth, Rajiv Narang, Balram Bhargava, Ruma Ray, Sujata Mohanty, Gurpreet Gulati, Lalit Kumar, K. Srinath Reddy, Panangipalli Venugopal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
New opportunities in practice nursing
Authors: P. Venning, M. Roland
Journal: BMJ (1995)

New opportunities in practice nursingRoles matter more than titles Important changes in the education of practice nurses are imminent.Hitherto such nurses have come from widely varying backgrounds and have often had little prior training in practice nursing despite undertaking an increasing range of tasks.New courses are about to define areas of professional responsibility and accountability rather than focusing on isolated areas of competence.' Nurses will be able to attain a qualification equivalent to a first degree to work as a district nurse, health visitor, or general practice nurse from a common core curriculum.Recognition of advanced practice in nursing will be obtained by showing continuous development in clinical, managerial, or academic skills.This concept of advanced practice will include areas of work currently performed by nurses working as nurse practitioners.23What will this new breed of nurses do?Some of the opportunities can be found in the work of nurse practitioners.Nurse practitioners may be the first contact for patients with acute problems or may provide a substantial part ofcontinuing care in chronic illness.They diagnose new problems and make decisions on management.A recent British study suggested that they are popular with patients and work particularly well with singlehanded practitioners.4They may be particularly effective with populations poorly served by general practitioners-for example, homeless people.Whether they are a cost effective alternative to general practitioners is unknown, partly because they spend more time with patients.Most published evaluations of nurse practitioners have been descriptive, with few accounts of outcome in the patientss7; the only controlled trials have been carried out in the United States.8 9 Do practice nurses differ from nurse practitioners?A recent British survey found that 84% of practice nurses advised on acute problems, and that a similar proportion participated in clinics for chronic diseases.'"Most used auriscopes and peak flow meters, and a few also used stethoscopes and ophthalmoscopes.Many practice nurses are clearly already working as "advanced practitioners," with or without formal qualifications.
Making Science Our Own: Public Images of Science 1910-1955
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The image of the aloof scientist concerned only with "objective" facts and leaving ethics to the "laypeople" is no longer tenable. "Without question, science now occupies an important place in American national life, not only in billion-dollar research and development (R&amp;D) budgets, but also in the direct, visible effects of research knowledge," observes LaFollette, who notes that in the course of the 20th century, research changed from a relatively private to a public endeavor, subject to nonscientific regulation and scrutiny. As groups like the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Research Council have long recognized, the public understanding of science and scientists affects political response and, ultimately, the viability of the research community. A former editor of<i>Science, Technology, and Human Values</i>, LaFollette finds a basic ambivalence in public attitudes toward science: both a recognition of a dependence on science and a fundamental skepticism toward it.
Dr Welford's Chart Notes
Authors: Scott J. Tilleson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ABSTRACT Dr Welford has succeeded in designing a workhorse program for the medical office. It was written by a practicing internist for his personal use and is primarily intended for use by physicians, residents, and medical students. It is not just another word processing program.Dr Welford's Chart Notes is an extensively integrated clinical information management program that includes such features as a drug interaction knowledge base, an ICDM code book, and a database manager for patient allergies, medications, and diagnoses. It also has an artificial intelligence that reads each note as it is being entered, automatically updates the patient's lists of allergies, medications, and diagnoses, and will simultaneously check for drug reactions or interactions and proper dosages whenever the physician starts or stops a patient's medication. Not only will a boxed warning appear on the screen, but the warning is also referenced should the user wish more information on the
In Vitro transmission of duck hepatitis B virus to primary duck hepatocyte cultures
Authors: Toshikazu Uchida, Koyu Suzuki, Yasunori Okuda, Toshio Shikata
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

An attempt was made to infect primary duck hepatocyte cultures with duck hepatitis B virus in vitro in order to clarify the biology of hepatitis B virus. Livers of ducklings, 0 to 17 days posthatch, without viremia were digested ex situ by perfusion of collagenase solution through the portal or hepatic vein. Homogeneous hepatocyte suspensions were seeded into plastic dishes in L-15 medium containing 10 −8 M insulin, 2 × 10 −8 M glucagon and 10 −8 M dexamethasone and were subsequently inoculated with sufficient numbers of duck hepatitis B virus. As a result, duck hepatitis B virus multiplication started weakly on Day 2, gradually increased and reached the maximum level approximately on Day 10 postinoculation. Viral replication was revealed by duck hepatitis B virus DNA in the cell pellet and in the culture medium and duck hepatitis B virus DNA-specific transcripts in the cell pellet. Immunostaining demonstrated duck hepatitis B virus core antigen in approximately 10% of cultured hepatocytes, and an increase in numbers of positive cells was not observed with time for up to 18 days of culture. Viral particles were found within the endoplasmic reticulum, and the inoculation of culture medium provoked viremia in the ducklings. The age of ducklings did not influence the numbers of cells infected. The in vitro infection system was similar to the in vivo one; however, the former seemed to be age-independent and to allow replication of duck hepatitis B virus in the limited number of hepatocytes.
The Baltimore Anesthesia Study Committee
Authors: O. C. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A study of 1,024 postoperative deaths in Baltimore hospitals during a period of 5 1/2 years (1953 to 1959) indicated that anesthesia was the principal cause of death in 6.3% of the cases and a contributing factor in 12.9%. The mortality rate associated with anesthesia was 4 per 10,000 operations. The rate was significantly higher for males (7.1) than for females (2.7). Errors in preoperative preparation and medication of the patient and selection of the anesthetic agent accounted for about one-fourth of the deaths. Faulty management of the anesthesia was the principal cause of death in more than 50% of the cases. The remaining deaths were considered the result of improper resuscitation measures and postoperative medication and management. One-half of all the deaths occurred in the patients' rooms; one-half occurred within seven hours after beginning anesthetization.