tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disparate effects of substance P on systemic and coronary beds in conscious dogs.
Authors: Y Nakamura, R Parent, M Lavallée
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Previous studies in anesthetized animals indicated that substance P is a coronary and peripheral vasodilator. However, coronary vasodilation was only transient perhaps because of tachyphylaxis. In the present study, the steady-state effects of intravenous substance P on systemic and coronary beds were investigated in conscious, instrumented dogs. METHODS AND RESULTS With intact autonomic reflexes, 5 ng/kg/min i.v. substance P resulted in increases (p less than 0.01) in cardiac output by 22 +/- 5%, in decreases (p less than 0.01) in mean arterial pressure by 9 +/- 2%, and in total peripheral resistance by 23 +/- 4% 7-9 minutes after the beginning of substance P infusion. Heart rate increased (p less than 0.01) by 35 +/- 7% and left ventricular dP/dt (p less than 0.05) by 13 +/- 4%. In this situation, coronary blood flow decreased (p less than 0.01) by 19 +/- 4% and coronary vascular resistance increased (p less than 0.05) by 13 +/- 5%. Myocardial oxygen delivery was reduced (p less than 0.05) by 13 +/- 5% and the arteriovenous oxygen difference widened (p less than 0.01). After ganglionic blockade, increases in cardiac output, heart rate, and left ventricular dP/dt with substance P administration were abolished, but total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure decreased (p less than 0.01) by 12 +/- 3% respectively. Under these conditions, coronary blood flow decreased (p less than 0.01) by 37 +/- 5% and coronary vascular resistance increased (p less than 0.01) by 47 +/- 8%, which were more (p less than 0.01) than control responses. In this situation, myocardial oxygen delivery was reduced (p less than 0.01) by 37 +/- 4% and the arteriovenous oxygen difference widened (p less than 0.01). Intracoronary infusion of substance P (0.4 ng/kg/min) resulted in significant and sustained decreases in coronary blood flow, which were similar before and after ganglionic blockade. CONCLUSIONS Thus, in conscious dogs, systemic vasodilation is the prevailing effect of substance P, but paradoxically, this peptide simultaneously elicits coronary vasoconstriction.
Low-Dose Insulin: A Plea for Caution
Authors: Leonard L. Madison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Three recent reports1 2 3 promulgating continuous intravenous infusions of low-dose insulin (1.2 to 12.0 U per hour, with or without an initial priming dose of 0.5 to 12 U) as a safe, simple and effective method of treating diabetic ketoacidosis, coupled with favorable editorial reviews,4 , 5 have resulted in premature acceptance and widespread use of this new regimen.Before these reports many centers had abandoned subcutaneous and intramuscular insulin in the early treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.6 7 8 9 10 11 The variable rate of absorption from these sites in a disorder uniformly characterized by extracellular-fluid depletion and even overt shock increases the possibility that large depots . . .
Letter: Depressed fracture in the newborn.
Authors: J A Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In 1970 340 of strains were resistant to tetracycline, in 1971 46%, in 1972 54%, and in 1973 to date 35°%.It would seem there- fore that in this area, at least, there has been no fall in the level of tetracycline-resistant Strep.pyogenes over the past four years.The majority of strains isolated continue to come from throat swabs, though many also come from skin sepsis and abscesses.Group B haemolytic streptococci show an even higher prevalence of tetracycline resistance- 580% of 74 strains isolated so far this year (mainly from vaginal swabs) were resistant to this drug.Whether the difference between Dr. Robertson's findings and mine is due to differences in the usage of tetracyclines in the two areas is something on which I cannot comment, but our results illustrate how widely divergent antibiotic sensitivity patterns may 'be observed in different areas of the couniry.-Iam, etc.,
Meeting Report: The Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer
Authors: Jerry W. Shay
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer is an area of much recent interest. This conference sponsored by the American Association of Cancer Research provided a timely opportunity to bring together basic and clinical scientists interested in the field of telomeres and telomerase cancer biology. The meeting included over 250 attendees with 150 oral and poster presentations focused on understanding telomere and telomerase biology for the development of cancer therapeutics. The meeting chairpersons were Dr. Jerry W. Shay, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Dr. Elizabeth H. Blackburn, University of California San Francisco, CA; and Dr. Maria A. Blasco, Spanish National Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain. The meeting provided an update on the field, pointing to areas in which our knowledge is deficient, and explored how the most promising areas may be advanced into translational research. This conference brought together cell and molecular biologists with clinicians interested in fundamental cancer mechanisms as they relate to telomeres and telomerase. The symposium consisted of formal presentations by prominent scientists working in these areas and by participants selected from submitted abstracts. In addition, there were two poster sessions. Whereas there were many basic research advances presented, the focus of this overview will be the areas of clinical advances.
First Western medical student to study in China?
Authors: R B Howells
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Since 1949 China has experienced  sociopolitical change. The first faltering steps, the great leap forward, and the regressive cultural revolution have been followed by the present reconstruction, a period of modernisation in which the country has emerged from isolation. During all this time  medicine has developed along its own independent path, taking direction from Mao's teaching that: ^wty,,., i4?rti(i^'; ?/t/1^::-?:. Chinese medicine and T-^?^^^-1 ' 5^ ??Et?E pharmacology are a  S^ INNER MONGOLIA --/ ;j?agE=ft^ iT j Y_ -/ -??? y ? treasure-house^ and ^^^JKj PEKii^lj^g^^ efforts should be made :^pr to exploit them and ???^ raise them to a higher
Pressure grows for EU to set up a European Research Council
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Pressure is growing for the European Union to create a European Research Council with an annual budget of about €2bn to stimulate basic, strategic, and investigator-driven research.

The overwhelming bulk of research in Europe would continue to be organised and funded nationally. But supporters of the proposed centre believe it could make a valuable contribution to the European Union's plan to overcome geographical and linguistic barriers and create a European research area.

After almost a year's deliberations, a …
Familial visceral myopathy: a family with at least six involved members.
Authors: C A Rodrigues, N A Shepherd, J E Lennard-Jones, P R Hawley, H H Thompson
Journal: Gut (1989)

A family with at least six members affected by hollow organ visceral myopathy is described. Patients in the first or second decades of life developed symptoms which included weight loss, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and distension, constipation and diarrhoea, and urinary symptoms. The radiological features of the disease consisted of oesophageal aperistalsis, megaduodenum, and variable dilatation of the small and large bowel. Four patients had urinary tract involvement with dilatation of the ureters and/or incomplete bladder emptying. Two patients were severely affected and needed home parenteral nutrition and surgical treatment; others were symptomatic but remained well. The characteristic pathological abnormality was vacuolar degeneration predominantly affecting the longitudinal muscle. The disease in this family appears to be transmitted by autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.
Comment: Pregnancy and Childhood
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The management of advanced Hodgkin's disease has been well covered, however, in view of the younger age groups afflicted, the problems of care in pregnancy and childhood deserve mention. Conclusions reported in the literature remain controversial in regard to the influence of pregnancy on Hodgkin's disease. Early reports suggested that the Hodgkin's process was reactivated during pregnancy, but as more and more patients were encountered who survived, this opinion was challenged. The experience of Barry, Diamond, and Craver,<sup>7</sup>based upon flow-sheet analysis of the exacerbations and remissions of the disease in 347 patients, of whom 84 became pregnant, provides us with some important answers. Active disease during both the first and second years of illness carried a grave prognosis in terms of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, they advise women against becoming pregnant in view of the prospect of repeated bouts of sickness despite good survival. The patient with a
Blockade of CCN6 (WISP3) Activates Growth Factor–Independent Survival and Resistance to Anoikis in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Wei Huang, Maria E. Gonzalez, Kathy A. Toy, Mousumi Banerjee, Celina G. Kleer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract CCN6 is a secreted cysteine-rich matricellular protein (36.9 kDa) that exerts growth-inhibitory functions in breast cancer. Reduction or loss of CCN6 protein has been reported in invasive carcinomas of the breast with lymph node metastasis and in inflammatory breast cancer. However, the mechanism by which CCN6 loss promotes breast cancer growth remains to be defined. In the present study, we developed lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA CCN6 knockdown (KD) in nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells MCF10A and HME. We discovered that CCN6 KD protects mammary epithelial cells from apoptosis and activates growth factor–independent survival. In the absence of exogenous growth factors, CCN6 KD was able to promote growth under anchorage-independent conditions and triggered resistance to detachment-induced cell death (anoikis). On serum starvation, CCN6 KD was sufficient for activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Growth factor–independent cell survival was stunted in CCN6 KD cells when treated with either human recombinant CCN6 protein or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Targeted inhibition of Akt isoforms revealed that the survival advantage rendered by CCN6 KD requires specific activation of Akt-1. The relevance of our studies to human breast cancer is highlighted by the finding that low CCN6 protein levels are associated with upregulated expression of phospho-Akt-1 (Ser473) in 21% of invasive breast carcinomas. These results enable us to pinpoint one mechanism by which CCN6 controls survival of breast cells mediated by the PI3K/Akt-1 pathway. Cancer Res; 70(8); 3340–50. ©2010 AACR.
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase in Dissecting Aneurysm of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: JOHN B. TREDWAY, EDWARD E. KEMBLE
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The behavior of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level in cases of dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta is reported. Certain clinical and laboratory observations suggest that intrapericardial hemorrhage is the responsible factor when the titer of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase is elevated.
Allergic diseases and atopic sensitization in children related to farming and anthroposophic lifestyle – the PARSIFAL study
Authors: T. Alfvén, C. Braun‐Fahrländer, B. Brunekreef, E. von Mutius, J. Riedler, A. Scheynius, M. van Hage, M. Wickman, M. R. Benz, J. Budde, K. B. Michels, D. Schram, E. Üblagger, M. Waser, G. Pershagen
Journal: Allergy (2005)

The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased rapidly in recent decades, particularly in children. For adequate prevention it is important not only to identify risk factors, but also possible protective factors. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization between farm children, children in anthroposophic families, and reference children, with the aim to identify factors that may protect against allergic disease.The study was of cross-sectional design and included 14,893 children, aged 5-13 years, from farm families, anthroposophic families (recruited from Steiner schools) and reference children in Austria, Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. A detailed questionnaire was completed and allergen-specific IgE was measured in blood.Growing up on a farm was found to have a protective effect against all outcomes studied, both self-reported, such as rhinoconjunctivitis, wheezing, atopic eczema and asthma and sensitization (allergen specific IgE > or = 0.35 kU/l). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for current rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.65) and for atopic sensitization 0.53 (95% CI 0.42-0.67) for the farm children compared to their references. The prevalence of allergic symptoms and sensitization was also lower among Steiner school children compared to reference children, but the difference was less pronounced and not as consistent between countries, adjusted OR for current rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was 0.69 (95% CI 0.56-0.86) and for atopic sensitization 0.73 (95% CI 0.58-0.92).This study indicates that growing up on a farm, and to a lesser extent leading an anthroposophic life style may confer protection from both sensitization and allergic diseases in childhood.
GW25-e3180 Berberine attenuates cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, inflammatory in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guo-Hua Li, Feng-Hao Geng, Xiang-Yang Qin, Ming-Qing Dong, Yuan Zhang, Feng Gao, Ling Dong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Delusional infestation and patient adherence to treatment: an observational study
Authors: A. Ahmed, A. Bewley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Delusional infestation (DI) is the persistent belief of pathogenic infestation of the skin or body, without objective medical evidence. Treatment for symptoms of delusions can be particularly challenging, especially when patients are difficult to engage and adverse to the possibility of a nonskin disorder. To date there has been no study to evaluate patient adherence to DI treatment.To assess the adherence of patients with DI to psychotropic and/or dermatological medication.Sixty-nine consecutive patients with DI receiving treatment from our psychodermatology clinic were identified from a departmental database. Patient adherence to treatment was assessed via medical records, patient letters and a telephone questionnaire.Eighteen of 69 patients were noncontactable, reducing the sample size to 51. Forty-nine of 51 patients were receiving psychotropic medication (96%). Psychotropic agents included second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants. Twenty-nine of 49 patients were adherent to psychotropic medication. Secondary nonadherence was reported by 18 of 49 patients. Two patients were nonadherent to psychotropic medication. Adherence to dermatological medication was high (96%).This is the first study to assess the adherence of patients with DI to treatment. The majority of patients on psychotropic medication were compliant. Secondary nonadherence was mainly due to drug side-effects. The adherence to dermatological medications is high. Thorough counselling of patients with regard to indication, dosage and side-effects of psychotropic agents can improve adherence to medication and is an essential part of the treatment process for DI.
Stroboscopic computerized determination of humeral rotation in overarm throwing.
Authors: F Chagneau, P Delamarche, M Levasseur
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

Analysis of the final phase of the overarm handball throw was carried out by a microcomputerized treatment of photographic images taken simultaneously in two grid layouts. Reflective stickers on the joints of the throwing arm (shoulder, elbow, wrist) allowed the coordinates of these three points to be measured against a reference on the wall. Using a mathematical treatment and Euler matrices, the movement could be studied in space. The results confirmed that humeral rotation occurs during the overarm handball throw. Initial external rotation was immediately followed with internal rotation about 40 ms before ball release.
Results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of gall bladder stones in 693 patients: a plea for restriction to solitary radiolucent stones.
Authors: A Elewaut, A Crape, M Afschrift, W Pauwels, M De Vos, F Barbier
Journal: Gut (1993)

During a period of 24 months 693 consecutive patients with symptomatic gall bladder stones (526 males, 167 females; mean age 51 years, range 18-89) were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with a Piezolith 2300. The procedure was carried out on an out-patient basis without analgesics or sedatives. Concomitant chemolitholytic treatment (ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid 7.5 mg/kg/day each) was administered until three months after total fragment clearance for a maximum therapy period of 1.5 years. In 601 patients with radiolucent stones complete clearance of all fragments was obtained after three, six, 12, and 18 months in respectively 20, 41, 64, and 78%. Actuarial analysis of the subgroups according to the stone mass (size and number) selected an ideal patient population with solitary stones less than 20 mm diameter (84% stone free after one year). The results are significantly less good when the greater the number of stones or their maximal diameter increases. Treatment was interrupted in 3.6% of the patients. In 90 sludge or fragments remain present. Twenty five patients were lost to follow up for non-biliary reasons. Stone recurrence was 5.7% at one year and was observed both in patients with solitary and multiple stones. A cost effectiveness analysis suggests that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most effective and economic solution, although extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for solitary radiolucent stones less than 2 cm is cheaper than conventional cholecystectomy. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for multiple stones is the most expensive and least effective option.
Folk Medicine in New Hampshire
Authors: Harold D. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1941)

vast heritage of medical folklore, most of which stems from the practices of the original English settlers and their Indian neighbors. Even in the minds of the old folks this storehouse of simples, bitters and specifics, of medical superstition and voodoo, is all too vague. And the younger people know still less about the subject. The need for these homely remedies arose, of course, from the inaccessibility of medical care to the farmers, woodsmen and laborers living in remote country districts. But the advent of the country doctor, the increased use of the radio, newspapers and magazines, the founding of reading clubs, the automobile and the construction of more and better roads have made their further use unnecessary. Unless recorded now, all knowledge of this fascinating subject and interest in it may well be lost forever. The country doctor, unlike the physician practicing in large cities, who treats a presumably
THE USE OF SODIUM BROMID IN ROENTGENOGRAPHY
Authors: E. H. WELD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In the past, various substances have been used as opaque mediums in pyelography. Among such substances may be mentioned bismuth, the colloidal silver solutions (collargol, argyrol, electrargol, cargentos, etc.), and several preparations of silver iodid and thorium. Many of these substances, when retained in the renal pelvis, have a more or less irritating action on the kidneys, as has been demonstrated experimentally by Braasch and Mann, who injected the kidney pelves of sixty-seven dogs, and compared the effects of a variety of solutions. The results of their experiments show that the silver preparations act as foreign bodies, frequently causing multiple foci of necrosis, and that such focal necrosis may also occasionally occur when there is insufficient drainage from a kidney pelvis, even when bland fluids are used. Thorium nitrate in a 15 per cent, solution, as suggested by Burns, caused the least reaction of the various opaque mediums. This medium
Considerations in the Preparation and Use of Poliomyelitis Virus Vaccine
Authors: Jonas E. Salk
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In assessing the state of knowledge of any subject at a particular point in time, it is as important to define what is not known as it is to appreciate what is known. It is for this reason that I would like to discuss some of the problems still before us, with respect to vaccination against poliomyelitis, as well as to review knowledge gained in the course of recent work. "Can durable immunity be induced by a noninfectious poliomyelitis vaccine?" is one of the principal questions still to be answered. Since the ultimate answer to this question cannot be obtained until time has passed, we must content ourselves only with an examination of facts now known, from which we can make some tentative interpretations from the trends observed. The hypothesis that the presence of neutralizing antibody in the circulating blood is an effective barrier in reducing the likelihood of paralysis
Neurological Injuries in Boxers: The Use of Tests
Authors: Lawrence Charnas
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Boxing is a dangerous sport. Neurological injury is preeminent among the dangers and is of two general types, acute and chronic.<sup>1</sup>The medical approaches to minimize the consequences of acute neurological damage are in wide use for the management of head trauma and generate little controversy in their application to boxing.<sup>2</sup> There is little consensus, however, about the optimal approach for early detection of chronic brain injury. We share the widely (but not universally) held belief that identifying and suspending athletes with early signs of damage to the central nervous system or congenital anatomic defects that clearly predispose to further injury are both laudable and effective. The New York State Athletic Commission has adopted an approach that requires an electroencephalogram and cranial computed tomographic scan as conditions for licensure. The electroencephalogram has low sensitivity and specificity for the types of chronic damage to the
Duodenocaval Fistula Due to Toothpick Perforation
Authors: Federico R. Justiniani, Luis Wigoda, Rolando S. Ortega
Journal: JAMA (1974)

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The novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor EXEL-0862 induces apoptosis in human FIP1L1-PDGFR-α-expressing cells through caspase-3-mediated cleavage of Mcl-1
Authors: J Pan, A Quintás-Cardama, T Manshouri, F J Giles, P Lamb, A Tefferi, J Cortes, H Kantarjian, S Verstovsek
Journal: Leukemia (2007)