tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Folly of Teaching-Hospital Mergers
Authors: Spyros Andreopoulos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Teaching hospitals from Boston to San Francisco are merging and transforming themselves into so-called integrated health care systems. Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, both affiliated with Harvard, have merged into a new entity, Partners Healthcare System. In July, despite opposition from labor unions and the vocal dissent of some of its own members, the board of regents of the University of California approved the governance structure of a new nonprofit corporation resulting from the merger of Stanford Health Services, a private institution that includes Stanford University Hospital, with the hospitals of the University of California at San . . .
Ensuring that women have access to safe abortion is "pro-life"
Authors: A. Clack, P. Lledo-Weber
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I first met Nesta at about 2 am. She had been brought to the hospital late evening, confused, febrile, and hypotensive. I diagnosed septic shock, and we treated her with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Initially, I was not too alarmed by the lack of urine in her bladder. This, I thought should remedy itself with our treatment. I was, however, uncertain about the history she insisted was hers. It is after all unusual practice to perform a dilatation and curettage for chronic pelvic pain. Still this was Liberia, and I’d seen far stranger.

By morning, and several litres of intravenous fluid and high doses of diuretic later, I was becoming more concerned about our failure to extract any of Nesta’s urine. She was increasingly confused, but still able to adamantly deny that she had had an abortion.

Being a pragmatist I washed out her bladder and thereby confirmed her pregnancy. Dilatation and curettage showed offensive products of conception, but her abdomen was soft with no evidence of a perforation. Fabulous.

It doesn’t matter how often you check, flush the catheter, or press on a patient’s bladder. If …
Abstract IA2: Mechanisms of resistance to anti EGFR therapies in colorectal cancers
Authors: Alberto Bardelli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Personalized cancer medicine based on the genetic milieu of individual colorectal tumors has long been postulated but until recently this concept was not supported by clinical evidence. The advent of the EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab has paved the way to the individualized treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). There is clear evidence that mCRCs respond differently to EGFR-targeted agents and that the tumor specific response has a genetic basis. From the initial observation that cetuximab or panitumumab as monotherapy are effective only in 10–20%, of mCRCs, knowledge has being gained on the molecular mechanisms underlying primary resistance to these agents. The role of oncogenic activation of EGFR downstream effectors such as KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and PTEN on response to therapy will be discussed. The rapid and effective translation of these findings into predictive biomarkers to couple EGFR-targeted antibodies to the patients that benefit from them will be presented as a paradigm of modern clinical oncology. Unresolved questions such as understanding the molecular basis of response as well the mechanisms of secondary resistance will be discussed as the future fundamental goals in this research field.
Annual Report of the Empire Rheumatism Council: Seventh Annual Report
Authors: None Horder
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1943)

INVESTIGATION FOR DLAGNOSIS AND THERAPY 231 injected into mice, caused swellings of the joints of the hind legs.This reaction was evidently due to special substances in the food, for the same process with peptone solution produced no .such effect.Extracts of this " rheumatised " milk were applied to joints or joint extracts, and thus there was obtained from the joints nucleoproteids which, while digested by normal urines, remained undigested by rheumatic urines.This indicated a possibility of the diagnosis of the rheumatic state.Further investigations showed that the " toxic " substance is a fatty acid which can be isolated as a calcium salt and which, if injected into the neck of mice, causes difficulty of movement in the joints of the hind legs.As regards therapy, these results suggest the conclusion that abnormal acids exerting a harmful action on the membranes of the joimts are produced in the intestinal canal through abnormal fermenta- tive processes and point to a therapeutic method of treating rheumatism by means of intestinal disinfection, with simultaneous alkalisation.
Transmission electron microscopy of percutaneous fine needle aspirates from lung: a study of 70 cases.
Authors: D C Davies, A J Russell, R Tayar, N T Cooke, M M Levene
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Seventy consecutive lung fine needle aspirates (FNA) from 69 patients were examined by cytology/cell block histology, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and, where available, at histological follow up to determine the value of TEM in interpreting lung FNAs. Of 70 FNAs, 50 were suitable for TEM. Transmission electron microscopy was helpful in classifying seven of 10 poorly differentiated tumours, and two case histories are reported. In 26 of 30 well differentiated tumours TEM confirmed diagnosis by light microscopy. Two TEM false negatives, but no TEM false positives, were recorded. It is concluded that transmission electron microscopy of cells aspirated from lung can be helpful when unequivocal diagnosis has not been achieved.
Quantitative trait loci for cellular defects in glucose and fatty acid metabolism in hypertensive rats
Authors: TJ Aitman, T Gotoda, AL Evans, H Imrie, KE Heath, PM Trembling, H Truman, CA Wallace, A Rahman, C Dore, J Flint, Kren, Zidek, TW Kurtz, M Pravenec, J Scott
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
THE USE OF SULPHANILAMIDE IN STREPTOCOCCIC DERMATOSES.
Authors: JAMES M. FLOOD, JOHN H. STOKES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1939)

Journal Article THE USE OF SULPHANILAMIDE IN STREPTOCOCCIC DERMATOSES. Get access JAMES M. FLOOD, M.D., JAMES M. FLOOD, M.D. Department of Dermatology and Syphilology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Dr. John H. Stokes, Director Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JOHN H. STOKES, M.D. JOHN H. STOKES, M.D. Department of Dermatology and Syphilology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Dr. John H. Stokes, Director Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 51, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1939, Pages 359–365, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1939.tb10807.x Published: 01 August 1939
Age related increase of brush border enzyme activities along the small intestine.
Authors: F Raul, F Gosse, M Doffoel, P Darmenton, J Y Wessely
Journal: Gut (1988)

Intestinal morphology and brush border hydrolase activities were determined along the small intestine of young adult (three months, n = 10), mature (12 months, n = 10), and senescent (29 months, n = 15) rats. The intestinal segments of the senescent rats contained higher mucosal mass and protein content (p less than 0.05) compared with the young and mature animals. A significant reduction of villus height and crypt depth (p less than 0.05) was found in the proximal intestine during aging. A 35% increase in villus height (p less than 0.05) without changes in crypt depth, was observed in the distal ileum in senescent rats. The activities of sucrase and isomaltase were significantly increased during aging in the duodenum and jejunum (p less than 0.05). Lactase and aminopeptidase activities which showed only minor changes between young and mature animals were significantly enhanced in senescent animals (p less than 0.05) with aminopeptidase exhibiting a three-fold increase in activity in the proximal ileum. The results when combined with those of previous studies suggest that in the aged animal, the increased level of intestinal hydrolase activities may be the consequence of prolonged cellular maturation along the villi in the proximal intestine, and of adaptation to increased concentrations of intraluminal substrates in the distal intestine.
Proceedings: Cell mediated immunity to synovial antigens in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P A Bacon, A Cracchiolo, R Bluestone, L S Goldberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

This equals: counts' 100 seconds of tuptake of tritiated thymidine in stimulated cultures divided bv uptake in unstimulated cultures.Normal values ranged from 30 to 110 with an average of 75.t This was monitored by estimating the % release of Cr5l from the target cells.Normal values ranged from 30 to 85 with an average of 62.Cell mediated immunity to synovial antigens in rheumatoid arthritis.
Safe Hypothermia
Authors: Willard J. Zinn
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The authors report on the first 100 of a series of patients who have undergone open heart surgery while in a state of hypothermia induced by external ice-baths. Circulatory occlusion was maintained as long as 15 minutes at rectal temperatures of 26° to 28° C. by removing the carbon dioxide absorber from the respiratory circuit and allowing the CO2 to accumulate up to concentrations of 3 to 5%. Above 28° C. ventricular fibrillation occurred 12 times in hyperventilated patients; below 28° C., with added CO<sub>2</sub>, no fibrillation occurred. Heart failure occurred in 3 of 65 patients who were digitalized and in 24 of 35 patients who were not. No complications occurred during induction of hypothermia or during the subsequent rewarming.
Book Review Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance By Atul Gawande. 273 pp. New York, Metropolitan Books, 2007. $24 (cloth); $14 (paper). 978-0-8050-8211-1 (cloth); 978-0-312-42765-8 (paper).
Authors: Vinod H. Srihari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Abstract 1241: Tcf7, a mediator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, is upregulated in mammary glands of BK5.ATF3 mice, without prior development of mammary tumors
Authors: Leqin Yan, K. Leslie Powell, Michael C. MacLeod
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We previously showed that in a transgenic model (BK5.ATF3) in which the transcription factor ATF3 is overexpressed in cytokeratin 5 (CK5)-expressing cells, parous female mice develop mammary carcinomas with about 70% incidence between 6 months and one year of age. In these mice, ATF3 is overexpressed in cell nuclei in the myoepithelial cell layer (basal layer) of normal mammary glands, and in the basal cell layers of the tumors, in addition to expression in epidermis and other CK5-expressing epithelia. Non-parous, female transgenic mice exhibited a high incidence of squamous metaplastic lesions in the mammary glands between 14 and 32 weeks of age. These lesions showed dysregulation of cytokeratin expression, but no other molecular defects in non-parous mammary glands have been described. Several genes in the EGFR-MAPK pathway and in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are misregulated in the mammary tumors that arise in parous transgenic mice. When expression of these genes was compared between normal mammary glands from transgenic and non-transgenic mice, the only genes that showed significant differences were Lef1 and Tcf7, two members of the family of transcription factors that dimerize with β-catenin to mediate Wnt-induced transcription. These genes were overexpressed by 2.5-3-fold in the transgenic mammary glands. A mouse mammary tumor cell line, EMT6, was found to have high levels of expression of both Atf3 and Tcf7, but not Lef1. Expression of Atf3 was knocked down by 97% in EMT6 cells 48 hrs post-treatment with Atf3-specific siRNA. This resulted in about a 70% decrease in expression of Tcf7, and a similar decrease in expression of cJun, a known target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This is consistent with the possibility that Tcf7 is a target gene for Atf3, and may be involved in the early stages of tumorigenesis in this model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1241.
Notch Signaling Activated by Replication Stress–Induced Expression of Midkine Drives Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Cenap Güngör, Hilke Zander, Katharina E. Effenberger, Yogesh K. Vashist, Tatyana Kalinina, Jakob R. Izbicki, Emre Yekebas, Maximilian Bockhorn
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) nearly equals its mortality rate, partly because most PDACs are intrinsically chemoresistant and thus largely untreatable. It was found recently that chemoresistant PDAC cells overexpress the Notch-2 receptor and have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we show that these two phenotypes are interrelated by expression of Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor that is widely overexpressed in chemoresistant PDAC. Gemcitabine, the front-line chemotherapy used in PDAC treatment, induced MK expression in a dose-dependent manner, and its RNAi-mediated depletion was associated with sensitization to gemcitabine treatment. We identified an interaction between the Notch-2 receptor and MK in PDAC cells. MK-Notch-2 interaction activated Notch signaling, induced EMT, upregulated NF-κB, and increased chemoresistance. Taken together, our findings define an important pathway of chemoresistance in PDAC and suggest novel strategies for its clinical attack.
A Good Word for the Eucalyptus.
Authors: Ephraim Ingals
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Chicago, Nov. 5, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —There may be some foundation for the popular belief that the cultivation of the eucalyptus tree has a salutary influence in antidoting the poison of malaria, though in your editorial in the issue of theJournalof October 27, you discredit it. Our knowledge of the origin and nature of malaria is very vague. I think, however, that rapidly growing vegetation in some way modifies the effects of the poison and renders it less harmful to the human system. I say the human system, for malaria is not observed to have any injurious effect on animals. Perhaps it is assimilated by vegetables in their growth and incorporated into their organized substance. It is likely that all growing vegetation has the same effect. I lived for a time on the Sangamon " bottoms," when that part of Illinois was newly settled. This was a plain
Patients with prostate cancer and BRCA2 mutations need urgent treatment
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Men diagnosed as having prostate cancer need to be treated quickly and aggressively with surgery or radiotherapy rather than put under active surveillance if they have inherited the BRCA2 mutation, a study has found.

The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology on 8 April,1 found that prostate cancers spread more quickly and were more often fatal in men who had the BRCA2 mutation. Current NHS guidelines for prostate cancer recommend that men with localised prostate cancer should be placed under active surveillance unless their cancer is high risk.2 

According to the study authors, their findings indicate that men with …
Zur Technik der Laryngo-Tracheo-Bronchoskopie beim Neugeborenen
Authors: B. Minnigerode
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

In recent years, congenital threatening stenoses of the respiratory tract of different genesis with the newborn child have become increasingly important. For a successful medical attendance an exact endoscopic diagnosis of the locus and the character of the sickness is a prerequisite in any case. Based on experiences with 217 laryngotracheo-bronchoscopies with newborn children within the first ten days of their lives, there is a report on an approved method of medical examination. Detailed instructions are given relative to the choice of instruments, to the method of anaesthesia and to the expedient technical procedure, and basic rules are set up for general consideration. If due regard is given to these instructions and rules, the laryngotracheo-bronchoscopy, executed by a specialist, turns out to be a manipulative surgery of invaluable diagnostic, and sometimes life-preserving importance, even in this early age of life.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can improve while spirometry plateaus two to three years after repeated exposure to chlorine causing respiratory symptoms.
Authors: J L Malo, A Cartier, L P Boulet, J L'Archeveque, F Saint-Denis, L Bherer, J P Courteau
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Repeated exposure to chlorine in pulp mills and paper can induce persistent asthma-like symptoms such as bronchial hyperresponsiveness and variable changes in airway caliber. The long-term time course of bronchial hyperresponsiveness has not been examined. We studied 20 of 29 subjects (69% participation rate) who demonstrated bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine when they were first assessed, 18 to 24 mo after repeatedly inhaling "puffs" of high concentrations of chlorine in a paper mill over a 3-mo period. Each subject answered a respiratory questionnaire and underwent spirometry and a methacholine inhalation test 12 mo after the initial survey, 30 to 36 mo after the chlorine inhalations. Three subjects required inhaled steroids at the time of the initial survey and three at the time of the second, including two who carried on using these preparations. Only one subject changed smoking habits. There were no significant overall changes in FEV1 on the two occasions, nine subjects having a FEV1 < 80% on the first occasion and eight on the second. Six of the 18 subjects (33%) who underwent a methacholine inhalation test on both occasions had significantly improved PC20 results, including five for whom the PC20 value was within the normal range. All six subjects had normal FEV1 values on both assessments. Although changes in spirometry induced by repeated exposure to chlorine seem to persist, bronchial hyperresponsiveness can improve significantly in those with normal airway caliber. This suggests that less pronounced bronchial alterations induced by repeated exposures to chlorine may be reversible.
Metaphors, models, and mathematics in the science of behavior
Authors: A. Charles Catania
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Metaphors and models involve correspondences between events in separate domains. They differ in the form and precision of how the correspondences are expressed. Examples include correspondences between phylogenic and ontogenic selection, and wave and particle metaphors of the mathematics of quantum physics. An implication is that the target article's metaphors of resistance to change may have heuristic advantages over those of momentum.
Abstract 2466: RON receptor tyrosine kinase as a targeting moiety for pancreatic cancer stem-like cells by antibody directed immunoliposomes for enhanced cytotoxicity
Authors: Snehal Padhye, Ming-Hai Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a malignant disease characterized by metastasis and chemo-resistance. Accumulated evidence has suggested that PAC malignancies arise due to functional presence of cancer stem cells that have high potential for self renewal, differentiation, and resistance to cytotoxic agents. Currently, therapeutics targeting PAC stem cells are not available. The study in this project describes a novel strategy and potential therapeutics targeting PAC stem cells for enhanced cytotoxicity. PAC stem like cells (PSLC) were obtained from human L3.6pl pancreatic cancer line under stem cell culture conditions. These cells show a typical sphere-like morphology in suspension and re-differentiate into epithelial appearance when subjected to serum inclusive adherent conditions. PSLC express transcription factor Bmi-1, a unique self-renewal marker, Aldh-1a, a metabolic enzyme expressed in stem-like cells, and cell-surface markers including CD24, CD44, and ESA as evidenced by Western blot and flow cytometry analyses. PSLC also displayed a phenotype characterized as epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Analysis of a panel of receptor tyrosine kinases has revealed that expression of EGFR, VEGFR, and MET was significantly reduced in PSLC. In contrast, RON receptor tyrosine kinase expression was sustained, which provides the molecular basis for antibody-directed approach for targeting PSLC. To achieve this goal, Zt/c9 monoclonal antibody was post-inserted onto doxorubicin liposomes to form anti-RON immunoliposomes (Zt/c9-Dox-IL). In vitro analysis indicated that; a) Zt/c9 was highly effective in inducing receptor internalization, which facilitates intracellular delivery of chemoagents; b) Zt/c9-Dox-IL was effective in killing Panc 0327 and L3.6pl PAC cells. An average of 7 fold decrease in IC50 value was obtained compared to control Dox-IL inserted with mouse IgG (mIgG-Dox-IL); and c) Zt/c9-Dox-IL displayed increased cytotoxicity against PSLC with the IC50 at 8 µM compared to 69 µM for mIgG-Dox-IL. In conclusion, PSLC enriched from L3.6pl cells display a phenotype similar to cancer stem cells with properties of increased self renewal and EMT. RON expression was maintained in PSLC, which was used as the drug delivery moiety for enhanced cytotoxicity. Increased PSLC cytotoxicity by Zt/c9-Dox-IL suggests that antibody-directed RON targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents is a rational approach for targeting PSLC to achieve enhanced cytotoxicity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2466. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2466
Tests help nail down HCV--but not entirely
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

ABSTRACT WHEN HEPATITIS C virus (HCV) was discovered a little more than 1 year ago (Science. 1989;244:359-361), there was hope that most if not all non-A, non-B cases of the disease could be accurately detected and ascribed to it. Since that time, the development of a blood screening test for the virus has provided an answer for many cases but has in others led to new questions. Particularly puzzling is why not everyone who seemingly ought to show positivity to the newly recognized virus does so.A spectrum of studies show that 40% to 55% of individuals with chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and primary liver cell cancer cases are positive for HCV, says Eugene R. Schiff, MD, chief of hepatology at the University of Miami in Florida. About 30% of patients with alcoholic liver disease are positive for HCV as well.In Japan, where liver cancer is much more common, 70%
Fatigue in cancer
Authors: G. A Curt
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A consensus is emerging among patients, caregivers, and oncologists that cancer related fatigue is the most important untreated symptom in cancer today. This fact is probably due to improved management options for other symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment such as pain, depression, and nausea and vomiting. However, though the problem is real, it is rarely discussed and seldom treated. Both patients and physicians may view cancer related fatigue as something to be endured rather than a symptom amenable to differential diagnosis and treatment. Research currently underway should begin to change this perspective and offer effective approaches to treatment.

This research has begun to focus both on the impact of fatigue on patients and on oncologists' attitudes towards fatigue as a symptom. In one recent study patients and oncologists agreed on the presence of significant fatigue in 75% of patients.1 However, they disagreed on its importance. While 61% of patients …