tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distribution of macrophages and granulocytes expressing L1 protein (calprotectin) in human Peyer's patches compared with normal ileal lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes.
Authors: K Bjerke, T S Halstensen, F Jahnsen, K Pulford, P Brandtzaeg
Journal: Gut (1993)

Antibodies to the cytosolic leucocyte L1 protein (or calprotectin) were examined for reactivity with macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils identified by paired immunofluorescence staining in sections of normal human ileal mucosa, including Peyer9s patches. Macrophages were recognised by expression of the myelomonocytic antigen CD68 (monoclonal antibody KP1). Neutrophilic granulocytes were identified by their content of neutrophil elastase, and eosinophilic granulocytes by monoclonal antibody EG2. Virtually all CD68+ macrophages in normal lamina propria and Peyer9s patches were L1- and the same was true for most extravasated macrophages in normal peripheral lymph nodes. Some mesenteric lymph nodes, however, and all peripheral lymph nodes with overt pathological processes (malignant lymphoma) contained many CD68+L1+ macrophages. Numerous L1+ cells were also localised to the crypt region and to some extent beneath the villous epithelium in normal lamina propria, but they were mainly identified as EG2+ eosinophils. Such cells were remarkably scarce or absent beneath the follicle associated epithelium in the dome region of Peyer9s patches, where CD68+L1- macrophages were abundant. Also subepithelial and interfollicular CD68- interdigitating dendritic cells in Peyer9s patches (recognised by antibody to S-100 protein) were usually unreactive with L1 antibody. The L1 protein shows a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities in vitro, and its putative antiproliferative properties are interesting in relation to the immunosuppression postulated to take place in lamina propria. The virtual absence of L1 producing cells beneath the follicle associated epithelium in Peyer9s patches may support the immunostimulatory function of these macrophage rich structures, which are held to be crucial for induction of specific mucosal immunity.
Influence of Supervision, Therapist’s Competence, and Patient’s Ego Level on the Effects of Time-Limited Psychotherapy
Authors: Rolf Sandell
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

The effects of time-limited psychotherapy, of the <i>Mann</i> (1973) type, were followed-up in a patient sample during 22 months. The effect ratings were highly reliable and showed a strikingly large variation. A path analysis was performed on the data and a causal model inferred that accounts for over 50% of the effect variation. The effect remained stable over time and was primarily influenced (positively) by patient's ego level and (negatively) by therapist's competence. Supervision had, if anything, a negative influence.
"TONICS AND SEDATIVES"
Authors: Helen Bates
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wonder if any of your feminine readers have thought of cutting out "Tonics and Sedatives," binding them in loose leaf form and sending them to the Army hospitals. I have been doing this for two years, and they tell me the.soldiers enjoy them; the heading is so appreciative too. I hope that others of your readers will follow this suggestion.
Simultaneously targeting CD45 significantly increases cytotoxicity of the anti-CD33 immunoconjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and improves survival of mice bearing human AML xenografts
Authors: Roland B. Walter, Kelli M. Boyle, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Irwin D. Bernstein, John M. Pagel
Journal: Blood (2008)
The relationship of blood lead levels and blood pressure in NHANES II: additional calculations.
Authors: P S Gartside
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

In performing research for associations and relationships among the data thus far published from the NHANES II survey, only the data for the 64 communities involved may be used. The simple omission of a few essential data makes impossible any valid analysis from the data for the 20,325 individual respondents. In this research for associations between blood lead levels and blood pressure in NHANES II, the method of forward stepwise regression was used. This avoids the problem of inflated error rates for blood lead, maximizes the number of data analyzed, and minimizes the number of independent variables entered into the regression model, thus avoiding the pitfalls that previous NHANES II research of blood lead and blood pressure has fallen into when using backward stepwise regression. The results of this research for white male adults, white female adults, and black adults were contradictory and lacked consistency and reliability. In addition, the overall average association between blood lead level and blood pressure was so minute that the only rational conclusion is that there is no evidence for this association to be found in the NHANES II data.
How should a consultant spend his time?
Authors: T L Dunn, D J Attwood
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The activities of a whole-time consultant psychiatrist with clinical, teaching, and administrative responsibilities were analysed over six weeks. With the exclusion of time spent on call at night and weekends he worked an average of 57.4 hours a week. Altogether 42.3% of his time was spent on clinical work, 25.5% on general administration, and 24.0% on tutorial activities. Although he discharged his duties as well as might reasonably be expected, his clinical work was thought to have suffered. Postgraduate activities and medical administrations are important in the ultimate care of patients, but the structure of the National Health Service does not enable a consultant to meet all these demands adequately.
Preconceptions and Scrutiny
Authors: Jack R. Harnes
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  No controversy would have arisen over the University Group Diabetes  results and it is unlikely that the data would have been reexamined had the report confirmed diabetologists' preconceived notion that lowering blood sugar levels of diabetic patients prevents complications and prolongs life.  I cannot help but reflect on the controversy that would have arisen had the Five-Year Findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (242:2562, 1979) not reported benefits from treating hypertension.  Since it did, little attention will be paid to the fact that the first-year mortality of the stepped care group was better than the normal expected rate, there were more diabetics in the referred care group, it contained more who died of noncardiovascular causes, the results were not significantly different in severe hypertensives, and, during the five years of observation, there was no progressive increase in mortality difference between the stepped care and
Regulation of dendritic cell migration and adaptive immune response by leukotriene B4 receptors: a role for LTB4 in up-regulation of CCR7 expression and function
Authors: Annalisa Del Prete, Wen-Hai Shao, Stefania Mitola, Giuseppe Santoro, Silvano Sozzani, Bodduluri Haribabu
Journal: Blood (2006)
Variation between observers in the estimation of airway resistance and thoracic gas volume.
Authors: P W Lord, A G Brooks, J M Edwards
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Variations in the estimation of airway resistance (Raw) and thoracic gas volume (Vtg) made by different observers using body plethysmography have been investigated. Five observers determined Raw and Vtg in normal subjects using prerecorded signals so that intrasubject variations were eliminated. The slopes of the oscillography tracings required to make the determinations were assessed using a cursor and a scale fitted to the oscilloscope. Significant and consistent differences in Raw determined by different observers were found,with a mean range of 37%. Great care should therefore be taken when comparing results obtained by different observers. The variation between observers measuring Vtg was significant and consistent but of much smaller magnitude than was the case for Raw, having a mean range of 12%.
Nocturnal hypoxia and prolactin secretion in obese women.
Authors: P G Kopelman, M C Apps, T Cope, D W Empey
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Respiration during sleep was studied in six obese women who had impaired prolactin response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (non-responders), six obese women with a normal prolactin response to hypoglycaemia (responders), and six lean women. Sleep apnoea did not occur in any subject. All the obese women showed a decrease in haemoglobin oxygen saturation when asleep, which occurred predominantly during periods of rapid eye movement sleep. That the fall in oxygen saturation was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in the obese non-responders suggests that central as well as mechanical factors may be important for the genesis of nocturnal hypoxia and is evidence for a disturbance of central nervous function in some obese women.
Bag-1 relocates within cardiac myocytes following ischemia/reperfusion and prevents myocyte apoptosis by interaction with Hsc70
Authors: Paul Townsend, Tiziano M. Scarabelli, Kevin Lawrence, Anastasis Stephanou, Carroll Christopher, Carol Chen-Scarabelli, Ramsey Cutress, Graham Packham, David Latchman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
PECULIARITIES OF THE SURGICAL DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE NECK.
Authors: EDMOND SOUCHON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The<i>diseases of the skin of the infra-hyoid</i>region present nothing peculiar. The presence of the beard in the upper part of the region renders the part liable to the diseases of the beard described in the affections of the face. <i>Neuroses</i>of the region present nothing peculiar. <i>Softening</i>and<i>induration</i>also have no special features. <i>Congestion</i>of the infra-hyoid region presents no peculiarities. <i>Inflammations</i>of the region are not so frequent as those of the lateral supra-hyoid and of the sternomastoid regions; they may occupy the skin (erysipelas, furuncles, carbuncles); the connective tissue, the few small lymphatic glands situated along the anterior aspect of the larynx and trachea, or the thyroid body (the latter affection will be treated separately). Inflammations beginning in the previsceral or retrovisceral space are not frequent and are usually due to injuries. Cellulitis and abscess of the antero-lateral superficial region present nothing special. Antero-lateral deep
Acute Effects of Cardiac Glycosides on Aldosterone Secretion in Dogs with Hyperaldosteronism Secondary to Chronic Right Heart Failure
Authors: Charles C. J. Carpenter, James O. Davis, Charles R. Wallace, William F. Hamilton
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

A marked elevation in the rate of aldosterone secretion was observed in eight dogs with experimental congestive heart failure secondary either to controlled progressive pulmonic stenosis or to combined tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonic stenosis, and in one dog with spontaneously occurring congestive heart failure. In the dogs with pulmonic stenosis, digitalization with digoxin resulted in improvement in cardiovascular function, and subsequent further constriction of the pulmonary artery again led to right ventricular failure; in each animal aldosterone output decreased within 90 minutes after digitalization, and increased markedly within one hour after further constriction of the pulmonary artery. In the dog with naturally occurring congestive heart failure, ouabain administration caused a similar striking hemodynamic improvement, and a marked reduction in aldosterone secretion was observed within 55 minutes after the glycoside was given. In the dogs with combined tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonic stenosis, no hemodynamic improvement occurred after digitalization; in these animals, the aldosterone secretion rate did not change significantly during the two-hour period following the digoxin injection. These data demonstrate that changes in the rate of aldosterone secretion in dogs with right heart failure were closely correlated with alterations in cardiovascular function; in these animals, hemodynamic improvement consistently led to decreased aldosterone production, and subsequent worsening of cardiovascular function resulted in increased aldosterone output.
Epidemic Streptococcal Sore Throat Following a Community Picnic
Authors: Joseph B. McCormick
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Following a picnic, nearly half of the persons who attended became ill. Sixty-three of 139 throat cultures were positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Forty-seven of the positive cultures were available for typing, 34 of which harbored the epidemic strain, group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus type T-3/13/B3264. This contrasted with two of 204 controls who had not attended, but harbored the epidemic strain. Food preferences and illness rates implicated the potato salad, and from it the epidemic strain was isolated. The attack rate and case-to-infection ratio among those who attended the picnic was significantly greater for persons over 10 years of age. Prompt institution of chemoprophylaxis could possibly have prevented at least 50% of the cases.
Imipramine in Treatment of Parkinsonism: a Double-blind Placebo Study
Authors: R. R. Strang
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRITISH3ventricular rate of 68.The P wave was of normal shape; the QRS complex was of normal duration (0.08 second); the S-T segment was slightly depressed in leads I, aVL, and V6 ;' and the T waves were flattened or inverted in I and aVL.The pattern indicated heart-block and suggested anterolateral ischaemia and left ventricular strain.The patient died within six days of admission from cerebral haemorrhage and heart failure.
Screening babies for hip dislocation is not effective
Authors: L. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A working party of the Medical Research Council is calling for formal evaluation of the UK neonatal screening programme for congenital dislocation of the hip after its research questioned the effectiveness of the current policy.

The working party established a national orthopaedic surveillance scheme and found that the incidence of a first operation for congenital dislocation of the hip in the United Kingdom was 0.78 per 1000 live births. But congenital dislocation of the hip had not been detected by routine screening in …
Gall-bladder sensitivity to cholecystokinin in patients with gall stones.
Authors: T C Northfield, R M Kupfer, D P Maudgal, P L Zentler-Munro, S T Meller, N W Garvie, R McCready
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Gall-bladder sensitivity to cholecystokinin (CCK) was determined by dynamic cholescintigraphy in 18 patients with radiolucent gall stones and 18 matched controls during an infusion of CCK in which the rate of infusion was increased. In 10 of the matched pairs the patient was more sensitive than the control, in one the control was more sensitive, and in seven no difference was detected (p = 0.012). It is concluded that patients with cholesterol gall stones have increased gall-bladder sensitivity to CCK, and that this may be important in the pathogenesis of this disease.
The Action of Bax and Bcl-2 on T Cell Selection
Authors: Owen Williams, Trisha Norton, Mark Halligey, Dimitris Kioussis, Hugh J.M. Brady
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

T cell development and selection in the thymus are shaped by the induction of apoptosis. However, a direct role in T cell development and selection for any of the molecules known to regulate apoptosis has remained controversial. We have studied the effect of bax and bcl-2 transgenes in recombination activation gene 1–deficient (RAG-1−/−) mice transgenic for the major histocompatibility complex class I–restricted F5 T cell receptor. Overexpression of a bax transgene in the thymus seriously impairs the production of mature T cells, whereas bcl-2 overexpression greatly promotes it. The effect of bax and bcl-2 overexpression on antigen-induced negative selection was studied using fetal thymic organ cultures. This analysis showed that Bcl-2 strongly inhibits negative selection, whereas Bax does not affect it. Our data directly show that Bcl-2 family members have specific roles in T cell selection and also lend support to the hypothesis that Bax and Bcl-2 can antagonize each other's action in a certain apoptosis pathway while in another they can be functionally nonreciprocal.
Ventricular Shunting for Relief of Senile Symptoms
Authors: Henry A. Shenkin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Twenty-eight patients with dementia resembling senility, and some with gait disturbance, had enlarged cerebral ventricles and were subjected to cerebrospinal fluid shunting. The cause of the ventricular enlargement was not apparent and therefore should be classified as idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. A good response to shunting was achieved in 18 of 28 (64.3%) of the patients. No criteria could be established that would distinguish patients who would be expected to respond from those who would not. In particular, radioactive iodinated serum albumin (RISA) encephalography was not a reliable test for this purpose. Pneumoencephalography is indicated in all patients with organic dementia and, should enlarged ventricles be found, shunting should be done. Patients with gait disturbances as a prominent feature will respond more frequently to ventricular shunting, though not necessarily better, than patients with dementia as the most prominent feature.
A Year's Experience in Organization in Michigan.
Authors: Leartus Connor
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Detroit, Mich., June 20, 1903. <i>To the Editor</i>:—It is characteristic of the American to demand the test of experience ere accepting the dicta of science. Medical sociology affirms certain propositions relative to medical organization, but their acceptance is delayed for lack of experimental proof. As a contribution to this proof is the experience of Michigan during the past year. This experience began with the annual meeting, June, 1902, at Port Huron. Then, as a result of an exhaustive study of the situation, past, present and future, the Michigan State Medical Society unanimously adopted a new constitution and by-laws, in accord with modern methods. Officers were elected to carry out the details of the change. Some of the results may be catalogued thus: The meeting of 1902 adjourned with a paid-up membership of about five hundred; eleven months later with seventeen hundred and twelve. June, 1902, it had no branches
Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: LEONARD SCHERLIS, ROLF J. KOENKER, YU-CHEN LEE
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic, and right heart catheterization data of 100 patients with isolated or complicated pulmonary stenosis were analyzed. All but two patients had normal sinus rhythm. One patient, age 62, had atrial fibrillation; the other, age 8, had the Wolff-Parkin-son-White syndrome. In isolated pulmonary stenosis, P-wave enlargement was far more frequently seen in those patients with right ventricular systolic pressures above 100 mm. Hg as compared to those with pressures less than 100 mm. Hg. This relationship was not observed in patients with complicated pulmonary stenosis. The incidence of rsR' in V 1 , QRS widening, and the vectorcardiographic evidence of conduction delay was significantly lower in pulmonary stenosis, isolated or complicated, when compared to atrial septal defects alone. There was one instance of terminal conduction delay of the right bundle-branch block type and one diffuse slowing of the QRS sÊ loop in the present series. The correlation between the amplitude of the R wave in V 1 and right ventricular systolic pressure was better in the group of isolated pulmonary stenosis as compared to the groups complicated by interatrial communications or ventricular septal defects. The average right ventricular systolic pressures in patients with type 3 right ventricular hypertrophy was significantly higher than those with either type 1 or type 2 right ventricular hypertrophy on the basis of vectorcardiographic criteria discussed. In the presence of pulmonary stenosis, the electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy or combined ventricular hypertrophy suggests coexisting lesions such as ventricular septal defect with left-to-right shunts. However, it was not possible to differentiate between isolated pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary stenosis complicated by interatrial communication by either electrocardiograms or vectorcardiograms. The vectorcardiographic features of combined ventricular hypertrophy are discussed.
Cigarette smoking and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations: an analysis of published data.
Authors: W. Y. Craig, G. E. Palomaki, J. E. Haddow
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To examine the association between cigarette smoking in adults and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations the results of 54 published studies were analysed. Overall, smokers had significantly higher serum concentrations of cholesterol (3.0%), triglycerides (9.1%), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (10.4%), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.7%) and lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (-5.7%) and apolipoprotein AI (-4.2%) compared with nonsmokers. Among non-smokers and light, moderate, and heavy smokers a significant dose response effect was present for cholesterol (0, 1.8, 4.3, and 4.5% respectively), triglycerides (0, 10.7, 11.5, and 18.0%), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (0, 7.2, 44.4, and 39.0%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (0, -1.1, 1.4, and 11.0%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0, -4.6, -6.3, and -8.9%), and apolipoprotein AI (0, -3.7 and -5.7% in non-smokers and light and heavy smokers). These dose response effects may provide new evidence for a causal relation between exposure to cigarette smoke and changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations whether as a direct result of physiological changes or of dietary changes induced by smoking. Adequate prospective data to estimate the excess risk of coronary artery disease existed only for cholesterol concentration. When that information was combined with data from the present study, and given that smokers as a group face an average overall excess risk of coronary artery disease of 70%, it was estimated that the observed increased serum cholesterol concentration in smokers may account for at least 9% of that excess risk. Furthermore, the dose response effect of smoking on serum cholesterol concentration suggests a gradient of increased absolute risk of coronary artery disease between light and heavy smokers.
Genes Linked to Lung Cancer
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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