tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory/Suppressive Oligodeoxynucleotide Nanocapsules as Simple Oral Delivery Devices for Preventing Atopic Dermatitis in Mice
Authors: Yeqin Wang, Yoshinari Yamamoto, Suguru Shigemori, Takafumi Watanabe, Kazushi Oshiro, Xinyu Wang, Pengfei Wang, Takashi Sato, Shinichi Yonekura, Sachi Tanaka, Haruki Kitazawa, Takeshi Shimosato
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Here, we report a simple and low-cost oral oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) delivery system targeted to the gut Peyer's patches (PPs). This system requires only Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, calcium chloride, ODNs, and basic laboratory equipment. ODN nanocapsules (ODNcaps) were directly delivered to the PPs through oral administration and were taken up by macrophages in the PPs, where they induced an immune response. Long-term continuous oral dosing with inhibitory/suppressive ODNcaps (iODNcaps, "iSG3caps" in this study) was evaluated using an atopic dermatitis mouse model to visually monitor disease course. Administration of iSG3caps improved skin lesions and decreased epidermal thickness. Underlying this effect is the ability of iSG3 to bind to and prevent phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, thereby blocking the interleukin-4 signaling cascade mediated by binding of allergens to type 2 helper T cells. The results of our iSG3cap oral delivery experiments suggest that iSG3 may be useful for treating allergic diseases.
Effects of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) on the neonate and aspects of teratogenic actions.
Authors: J A Thomas, D B Wienckowski, B A Gillies, M J Thomas, E J Youkilis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

A review of the literature reveals that several different phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are capable of causing testicular damage. Phthalate-induced zinc deficiency is consistent with germinal epithelial damage. Among experimental animals, mice perhaps show the greatest sensitivity to phthalate-induced terata, but high doses/exposure are required. Little toxicologic information is available with regard to phthalate-induced effects upon the neonate.
Previous refusal of consent may not be relevant
Authors: A. L Caplan, J. Hansen-Flaschen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Over the past three decades informed consent has become an extremely important aspect of the clinical management of patients. Allowing patients to control the nature and extent of the care they are given has become an inviolable moral value. Patient autonomy takes precedence over both professional beneficence and the contrary wishes of others. Any decision to violate a patient's wishes would be condemned as intolerable paternalism at best—and manipulation, coercion, or even assault at worst. Why then does this patient's case pose a moral problem?

The moral problem arises because informed consent is often not a reliable guide in the care …
Examinations in English for Overseas Graduates
Authors: L. R. M. Kamal
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Bm=H appeared and her liver-function tests, including bromsulphalein excretion, have returned to normal a month after stopping Orthonovum.There is, we believe, presumptive evidence that the pruritus, which lasted eight months before liver abnormalities were demonstrated, was due to the oral contraceptive.Drs.Thulin and Nermark commented on the occurrence of pruritus in pregnancy in two of their seven cases.Our patient suffered from pruritus in her first pregnancy.We had intended to confirm that the oral contraceptive had been responsible for this patient's illness by giving her Orthonovum again, using bromsulphalein excretion as an index of liver dysfunction.Since the liver changes are completely reversible when due to norethisterone' this seemed to be a justifi- able procedure, but in view of Drs.Thulin and Nermark's findings this hardly seems necessary.-Weare, etc., I. R.
Enhancement of the T-cell Armamentarium as a Cell-Based Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: W. Nathaniel Brennen, Charles G. Drake, John T. Isaacs
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Prostate cancer is frequently characterized by a large inflammatory infiltrate that includes T cells. Although T cells traffic to cancer lesions in large numbers, they are unable to generate a therapeutic response because of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, arming T cells with a cytotoxic agent that is capable of killing cancer cells independent of these immunosuppressive signals is a rational approach to enhance their potency. Essentially, the T cells would serve as a cell-based vector, or "Trojan Horse," to selectively deliver a protoxin to disseminated prostate cancer lesions. The selective delivery of a protoxin using T cells represents an ideal method to maximize their therapeutic potency through a "field effect." Because systemically infused T cells are expected to traffic to sites of inflammation other than cancer, an additional level of specificity may be needed to prevent toxicity to nontarget tissues. Toward this goal, genetic engineering can be used to make protoxin expression dependent upon T-cell recognition of the prostate-specific membrane antigen by a chimeric antigen receptor. Furthermore, selective activation of the protoxin using a tissue- or tumor-specific protease, such as PSA, can promote further specificity. Thus, T-cell potency can be enhanced by targeted protoxin secretion and greater specificity achieved using combinatorial antigen recognition and protoxin activation.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Burak Altun, Hakan Tasolar, Necmi Eren, Emine Binnetoğlu, Mehzat Altun, Ahmet Temiz, Emine Gazi, Ahmet Barutcu, Orçun Altunören, Yücel Çölkesen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Vitamin A and C Nutrition in Children, and their Physical Condition
Authors: G. Kohn, E. H. M. Milligan, J. F. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1943)

BRITISH 47U 51 years.Of 118 cases of gastric ulcer, 90 were on the lesser curva- ture, the age being 324 years and duration 6 years 1 month; and 28 at the pylorus, the age being 292 and duration 52 years.Men suffering from peptic ulcer are not suitable for Army life under present conditions.Men suffering from non-organic dyspepsia can in many cases make useful soldiers provided they are not detained too long in hospital.Cure of symptoms should not be attempted.An excess of medical.attention and investigation results in exaggeration of symptoms and repeated admission to hospital.Complications are rare in the Army compared with the incidence among admissions of the same age-and-sex groups in civilian hospitals, but the rarity is more apparent than real.It is probable that the incidence in the Army is a truer reflex of the incidence in the population than is afforded by civilian hospital admissions.The low mortality from perforation and haemorrhage is similar to that in civilian males under 40 years of age.
Postgraduate Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: George W. Corner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In this age of stiff specialtyboard examinations and emphasis on postgraduate education, there is a great demand for refresher courses and for books reviewing both the fundamentals and the well-established clinical practices of the various specialties. Some of the courses, and most of the books, designed to meet this demand are nothing more than brief didactic synopses. This book, with almost 800 pages and some 150 well-chosen illustrations, however, is hardly a synopsis. It is, rather, a textbook reviewing in some detail all the accepted knowledge the clinician must understand in order to begin the practice of obstetrics and gynecology or to pass the specialty boards. The appearance of this third edition indicates the value of Post<i>graduate Obstetrics and Gynecology</i>to those for whom it was intended. The authors are internationally known experts. They have provided us with a well-written distillation of obstetrics and gynecology, drawn from their own
Type I latex allergy in health care workers with latex-induced contact urticaria syndrome: a follow-up study
Authors: E. Nettis, M. C. Colanardi, A. Ferrannini
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Latex allergy is an important occupational health issue among health care workers (HCWs). Secondary prevention in sensitized/allergic individuals involves avoiding exposure to NRL products.The aim of this follow-up study is to determine the long-term health consequences in HCWs with type I latex allergy with latex-related contact urticaria syndrome, of providing appropriate information and practical avoidance education.Seventeen HCWs with latex-induced contact urticaria syndrome, as ascertained by the glove use test, were investigated. Initial and follow-up visits included: a detailed questionnaire, skin prick test (SPT) with glove eluates and with commercial latex extract, SPT with common inhalant and food extracts, serum specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E to latex and some foods and the glove use test.On re-examination, 11 (64.7%) subjects showed positive SPTs to extemporaneous extract and 10 (58.8%) patients showed a positive SPT to commercial extract. Of the nine patients with detectable levels of serum latex specific IgE at first evaluation, four (44.4%) became negative and four were assigned to at least one class lower. Only one (11.1%) employee had higher radioallergosorbent test values than those at the latex allergy diagnosis. At follow-up, the 17 individuals had positive latex challenge results, although the duration of exposure causing a reaction increased.Our study shows that preventive measures are sufficient to induce a reduction of sensitization. Continued avoidance is needed to prevent re-sensitization or adverse reactions on re-exposure.
Comparison of Percent Total GHb With Percent HbA1c in People With and Without Known Diabetes
Authors: Frank Q Nuttall
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To directly compare results obtained using an ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) HbA1c method used in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial with two different affinity chromatography methods in which "total GHb" is determined.Blood was obtained from a large number of people with and without known diabetes. The specimens were divided and assayed for HbA1c and for total GHb. Total GHb was determined using a semi-automated gravity-elution boronate affinity chromatography method and an automated boronate affinity HPLC method. The results obtained with the two methods were also compared.In subjects without known diabetes, the mean percentage HbA1c and the range of values were similar to the total GHb values in the same subjects when assayed using the semi-automated affinity gravity-elution method (mean 5.2 +/- 0.4 and 5.1 +/- 0.4% [SD], respectively). With the affinity HPLC method, results were 5.3 +/- 0.4%. The similarity in results was surprising. However, analysis of the data suggests that a large proportion of the material in the HbA1c fraction measured using this ion-exchange HPLC method is not GHb, as pointed out by others. Although the results were similar in people without known diabetes, in the people with diabetes, the incremental increase was approximately 25% greater for the total GHb when compared with the increase in HbA1c. When corrected for the non-GHb being measured by the HbA1c method, it can be calculated that approximately 40% more GHb is measured using affinity chromatography over the entire range of GHb values.The similarity in the mean and range of percent HbA1c and in percent total GHb using these different methods can be attributed to two factors: 1) the HbA1c ion-exchange method measures only approximately 50-60% of the total GHb present, and 2) approximately 40-50% of the material being measured in the HbA1c fraction is not GHb, i.e., offsetting factors fortuitously resulted in values similar to the more specific affinity methods. The greater incremental increase in percent total GHb compared with percent HbA1c in people with diabetes can be attributed to the greater amount of GHb being measured with the affinity methods.
Pulse: Voices from the Heart of Medicine—The First Year
Authors: Perri Klass
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Dynamic Bronchial Airway Gene Expression Signature of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Function Impairment
Authors: Katrina Steiling, Maarten van den Berge, Kahkeshan Hijazi, Roberta Florido, Joshua Campbell, Gang Liu, Ji Xiao, Xiaohui Zhang, Grant Duclos, Eduard Drizik, Huiqing Si, Catalina Perdomo, Charles Dumont, Harvey O. Coxson, Yuriy O. Alekseyev, Don Sin, Peter Pare, James C. Hogg, Annette McWilliams, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Peter J. Sterk, Wim Timens, Jeffrey T. Chang, Paola Sebastiani, George T. O’Connor, Andrea H. Bild, Dirkje S. Postma, Stephen Lam, Avrum Spira, Marc E. Lenburg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Molecular phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been impeded in part by the difficulty in obtaining lung tissue samples from individuals with impaired lung function.Objectives: We sought to determine whether COPD-associated processes are reflected in gene expression profiles of bronchial airway epithelial cells obtained by bronchoscopy.Methods: Gene expression profiling of bronchial brushings obtained from 238 current and former smokers with and without COPD was performed using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Arrays.Measurements and Main Results: We identified 98 genes whose expression levels were associated with COPD status, FEV1% predicted, and FEV1/FVC. In silico analysis identified activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) as a potential transcriptional regulator of genes with COPD-associated airway expression, and ATF4 overexpression in airway epithelial cells in vitro recapitulates COPD-associated gene expression changes. Genes with COPD-associated expression in the bronchial airway epithelium had similarly altered expression profiles in prior studies performed on small-airway epithelium and lung parenchyma, suggesting that transcriptomic alterations in the bronchial airway epithelium reflect molecular events found at more distal sites of disease activity. Many of the airway COPD-associated gene expression changes revert toward baseline after therapy with the inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone in independent cohorts.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a molecular field of injury throughout the bronchial airway of active and former smokers with COPD that may be driven in part by ATF4 and is modifiable with therapy. Bronchial airway epithelium may ultimately serve as a relatively accessible tissue in which to measure biomarkers of disease activity for guiding clinical management of COPD.
The Evaluation of a Pocket Computer as an Aid to Insulin Dose Determination by Patients
Authors: Laurence H Chanoch, Lois Jovanovic, Charles M Peterson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

A small and inexpensive computer was programmed to assist patients in making decisions regarding insulin delivery using constant subcutaneous infusion systems. Insulin dosage was based on gender, pre- and postprandial blood glucose, between-meal blood glucose, patient weight, time of day, and when appropriate, the carbohydrate content of food ingested. The system was self-adjusting based on postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels. A developmental phase in which the computer program was refined was undertaken with five highly trained type I patients using an insulin infusion pump. Then, based on the suggestions made by these patients, a final program was used by these same five patients for 1 mo. Computer-assisted insulin delivery resulted in lower mean blood glucose (162 versus 130 mg/dl) and hemoglobin A1c (7.2% versus 5.8%) values when compared with precomputer values. In addition, there was a significant increase in the frequency of blood glucose testing during the computer-assisted periods in that patients monitored their blood glucose 4.9 times per day during the physician-alone period whereas a mean of 7.5 glucose tests were performed during the computer-assisted periods. Patient response to the concept was overwhelmingly favorable. These studies demonstrate that computer-assisted insulin-delivery decision making is feasible, acceptable to patients already accustomed to pump use, safe, effective, and may provide a savings in terms of professional time.
Treatment of Localised Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hein Van Poppel, Frank Becker, Jeffrey A. Cadeddu, Inderbir S. Gill, Gunther Janetschek, Michael A.S. Jewett, M. Pilar Laguna, Michael Marberger, Francesco Montorsi, Thomas J. Polascik, Osamu Ukimura, Gang Zhu
Journal: European Urology (2011)
The mast cell and mast cell disease
Authors: Jack Longley, Thomas P. Duffy, Steven Kohn
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)

Mast cell disease or mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of clinical disorders characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in a variety of tissues, most often the skin.The signs and symptoms of mast cell disease are varied, dependent on the localization of mast cells in different organs and the local and systemic effects of mediators released from these cells.Although mast cell disease is most commonly identified in the skin, involvement of the skeletal, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, and central nervous systems may be seen.Clinical management of mastocytosis depends most heavily on knowledge of the diverse effects of mast cell mediators on various tissues and organs, the stimuli that can cause their release, and the different methods available for blocking the effects of these mediators.(J AM ACAD DERMATOL 1995;32:545-61.)Learning objective: At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be able to discuss the epidemiology, classification, and historical aspects of mast cell disease, as well as treatment modalities.Many advances have been made in our understanding of the mast cell and mast cell disease in the decade since the subject was last reviewed in this JOURNAL.~Mast cell disease, also called mastocytosis, is a heterogeneous group of conditions that is characterized by an increased number of mast cells in various organs.2 Thus defined, mastocytosis is a disorder of mast cell proliferation that has numerous signs and symptoms produced by the generation and release of mast cell-derived inflammatory media-ORTHO 87
P495Novel therapeutic role of siglec-E in down-regulation TLR4-mediated inflammatory response after global myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: N Yousif
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced tissue injury involve a robust inflammatory response. Our previous study found that TLR4-mediated MCP-1 production and monocytes accumulation contributes to the mechanism of myocardial injury following global myocardial I/R. Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin receptors (Siglecs) have been implicated in the control of monocyte responses. We test the hypothesis that Siglec-E down-regulated TLR4-mediated inflammatory response following global myocardial I/R. Synergeneic heterotopic abdominal heart transplant was perfomed in mice strain (WT, TLR4-/-, Siglec-E-/-) for global myocardial I/R by using microsurgical techniques for vascular anastomoses. The donor's thoracic aorta was anastomosed end-to-side to the recipient's infrarenal abdominal aorta, and the donor's pulmonary artery was anastomosed to the recipient's inferior vena cava. Donor hearts were subjected to 4 h global ischemia followed by 4 h reperfusion. Our result shows that Siglec-E-/- donor heart significantly exaggerated monocyte/neutrophil recruitment myocardial injury and increased the inflammatory response (cytokines and chemochines). Interestingly the TLR4-activation signaling was significantly prevented by Siglec-E. We concluded that the use of Siglec-E might serve as a therapeutic clinical option in the treatment of cardiac injury induced by global myocardial I/R.
49. Inhibition of Acid Ceramidase Expression by Small Interfering RNA Sensitize Human Prostae Cancer Cells to Apoptin Induced Cell Death
Authors: Xiang Liu, Guiwen Guo, Saeed N. Elojeimy, David H. Holman, Ayman Mahdy, Alicja Bielawska, Jacek Bielawski, Seymon Rubinchik, Jian-yun Dong, Thomas Keane, Mahvash Tavassoli, Yusuf A. Hannun, James N. Norris
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

It is increasingly apparent that sphingolipids, and in particular ceramide, are important mediators of intracellular response to stress from various stimuli. Many tumors have up-regulated enzymes such as the lysosomal enzyme acid ceramidase (AC) which deacylates ceramide forming sphingosine. This is presumed to allow the cell to survive during these times of stress. In a cancer this would likely be a negative event for the patient. The chicken anemia viral protein, Apoptin, causes tumor selective apoptosis in human tumor and transformed cells. Its mechanism of action is unknown but in a previous study, we demonstrated that ceramide elevation appears to contribute to Apoptin's mechanism of action. In the same study, reduced sensitivity to Apoptin was also observed in cells over-expressing AC, suggesting ceramide deacylation might serve to negate Apoptin induced apoptosis. We have now evaluated this further using PC3 prostate cancer cells, transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to AC. Using Western blotting, we observed 85% selective downregulation of AC by 48 hours post-transfection. This treatment alone resulted in inhibition of PC3 cell growth, with a 12% increased level of death rate. Mass Spectrometry demonstrated an increased ceramide level in almost all ceramide species examined and a significant decline in sphingosine concentration at 24 hours in siRNA-treated cells. Treatment with siRNAs followed by administration of Ad- GFPApoptin further reduced the number of viable cells, when compared to either of the treatments alone. In conclusion, downregulation of acid ceramidase by RNAi enhances the effects of Apoptin. Our study strongly suggests that the ceramide-acid ceramidase pathway represents a new target for the development of AC inhibitors to sensitize tumor cells to therapeutic agents.
Detection of oxygen-derived radicals in biological systems using electron spin resonance.
Authors: R P Mason, P M Hanna, M J Burkitt, M B Kadiiska
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Oxygen-centered radicals, particularly the hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, have been postulated in many biochemical reactions and have been implicated in many adverse reactions in vivo. This article begins with a review of spin-trapping detection of oxygen-centered radicals in vitro and concludes with a presentation of our approach to the detection of the hydroxyl radicals in models of acute iron and copper poisoning.