tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Challenger: The Final Voyage
Authors: Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The American medical community is an excellent target audience for Richard Lewis' incredibly detailed review of the worst space disaster in this nation's history, the January 1986 explosion of the space shuttle<i>Challenger</i>. Physicians' scientific curiosity and intellect, combined with their preoccupation with preserving life, are perfect prerequisites for this extraordinary reading. The author, a highly informed space writer and editor, expertly weaves into this tale of technological misadventure a sense of humanism through the heroic dedication of the seven astronauts who lost their lives in the accident. Three striking characteristics of this book, in addition to its authenticity, are (1) the volume of transcribed dialogue from the cockpit and mission control, as well as from the investigation by the Rogers Commission; (2) the in-depth descriptive analysis of the O-ring failure; and (3) the superb illustrations. The opening chapter sets the dramatic tone with interesting commentary on the weather conditions,
The future of vision needs more bridges and fewer walls
Authors: Thomas Sanocki
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The commentator agrees with Pylyshyn's most general claims but sees problems with the more specific proposals about where the boundary between early vision and later processing might lie. The boundary cuts across current models of identification. Limitations in current research on scenic context effects preclude firm conclusions. High-level vision will benefit more from integrative work than from premature analysis.
Clinical Orthopaedic Examination
Authors: A. G. Mowat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

cemed might conceivably regress to the 'preopera- tional' level of thought as regards all matters specifically relating to his illness.If clinicians are to be able to tackle the problem of explaining JCA to their young patients with any degree of confidence, simple and reliable means of identifying the child's level of cognitive development in relation to the disease specifically must be found.For this reason, the authors are currently engaged in further work aimed at establishing such means, and at testing the effectiveness of different verbal, written, and pictorial methods of describing juvenile chronic arthritis to young patients of different ages.
Die periphere Bronchoskopie mit Hilfe flexibler Bronchoskope
Authors: W. Quarz
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

It is reported on the first flexible bronchoscopes. After a short presentation of their technical development it is dealt with the examination technique. The best way to insert the bronchoscopes is by intratracheal tubus in local anesthesia, thus the patient does not have the uncomfortable sensation of a rigid tube. Regarding bronchoscopy in general anesthesia the flexible bronchoscope can be inserted by the rigid tube.
Modulation of Ceramide Metabolism Enhances Viral Protein Apoptin's Cytotoxicity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xiang Liu, S. Elojeimy, A.M. El-Zawahry, D.H. Holman, A. Bielawska, J. Bielawski, S. Rubinchik, G-W. Guo, J-Y. Dong, T. Keane, Y.A. Hannun, M. Tavassoli, James S. Norris
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Despite local and systemic therapies, the National Cancer Institute estimates that prostate cancer will cause over 30,000 deaths in 2006. This suggests that additional therapeutic approaches are needed. The chicken anemia viral protein Apoptin causes tumor-selective apoptosis in human tumor lines independent of p53 and Bcl-2 status. Tet-regulated expression of Apoptin from an adenoviral vector showed cytotoxicity in DU145, PC-3, and LNCaP tumor cells regardless of expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, survivin, FLIP(S), XIAP, or CIAP. Apoptin expression caused an increase in the tumor suppressor lipid ceramide, which regulates the cellular stress response. Interestingly, 10 of 15 primary prostate cancers examined by Western blotting overexpressed acid ceramidase (AC), suggesting that ceramide deacylation might serve to negate elevated levels of ceramide, creating a more antiapoptotic phenotype. This was confirmed in AC-overexpressing cells in which we observed decreased sensitivity to apoptosis following treatment with Apoptin. Addition of the AC inhibitor LCL204, in combination with Apoptin, augmented cell killing. This effect was also demonstrated in vivo in that Apoptin and LCL204 cotreatment significantly reduced tumor growth in DU145 xenografts (P<0.05). Taken together, our data demonstrated that Apoptin is a promising therapeutic agent for prostate cancer and that its function is improved when combined with acid ceramidase inhibitors.
Usefulness of Tc-99m PMT Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in Preoperative Evaluation of Flow of Biliary Drainage in a Patient With a Biliary-Gastric Fistula
Authors: Shigeaki Higashiyama, Joji Kawabe, Kenji Torii, Takehiro Hayashi, Hiroko Kurooka, Ai Oe, Jin Kotani, Etsushi Kawamura, Susumu Shiomi, Yuichi Inoue
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We report a 44-year-old-man with a biliary-gastric fistula in whom Tc-99m Sn-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan (PMT) hepatobiliary scintigraphy was useful in determining indications for surgery. A small orifice suspected to be the opening of a biliary-gastric fistula was found on upper endoscopy, and an anatomic structure suspected to be a gastrobiliary fistula was detected on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Tc-99m PMT hepatobiliary scintigraphy revealed continuous flow of bile into the stomach through the fistula. Flow of bile into the stomach through a fistula can cause gastric cancer, and is therefore indicated for surgical treatment. Tc-99m PMT hepatobiliary scintigraphy was useful in determining the indications for surgery.
452 COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI, FIBROSCAN AND HISTOPATHOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HCV PATIENTS
Authors: M. El-Sayed, M. El-Raziky, A. Elsharkawy, H. Khattab, A.H.K. Abdelmaksoud, M.K. Ashour, G. Esmat
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Controlled trial of sodium valproate in severe epilepsy.
Authors: A Richens, S Ahmad
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a double-blind crossover trial sodium valproate or placebo was added to the existing anticonvulsant treatment of 20 patients with chronic uncontrolled epilepsy. Sodium valproate 1200 mg/day significantly reduced the frequency of both tonic-clonic and minor seizures in these patients. Only mild and transient side effects occurred (drowsiness, ataxia, and nausea), and these may have been due to the effect of adding sodium valproate to existing phenobarbitone or phenytoin treatment. Further controlled trials are needed to assess more fully the efficacy of this drug in various types of epilepsy.
Mr. Bransby Cooper on Aneurism: In Course of Delivery during the Present Session at Guy's Hospital
Authors: B. B. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1840)

LaSt Saturday I made some observations on aneurism; defining it; describing the organization of ateries; its mode of formation; the means of distinguishing it from other diseases; its causes; and the principles of its treatment.I then narrated a case of popliteal aneu- riq, and made some practical remarks suggested by the partieulars of that case.To-day I shall submit another instance to your notice, similar, in many respects, but also well worthy of your attention.Before I commence, how- ever, I would just say a few words on the diagnosis of tboracic aneurism, which I omitted at our last meeting;
Fast atrial fibrillation induced by azathioprine
Authors: G. Murphy, R A Fulton, D A J Keegan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

It is unlikely that this evidence will be persuasive justification for computerising repeat prescribing.Much more convincing are likely to be the other improvements identified by Dr Roland and col- leagues, in particular better information recorded about repeat prescribing and the opportunities that computers can offer for audit and clinical review.'These, unfortunately, are likely to create work for the doctor, not save it.
World Medical Periodicals
Authors: Susan Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The third edition of this useful bibliographic tool lists in alphabetic sequence, the titles of 5,800 world periodicals in the areas of medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and hospital administration. Over 1,000 titles have been added since the last edition was published in 1957. Address of publisher, title changes, language(s), as well as frequency of issue are indicated. The title abbreviations in<i>World Medical Periodicals</i>, with minor changes, formed the basis for abbreviations used in the<i>Index Medicus</i>. As in the second edition, there are 2 indexes: by name of country and by subject with geographic subdivision. This handy volume is an indispensable guide for editors, librarians, and publishers. Between editions of<i>World Medical Periodicals</i>, the<i>Vital Notes on Medical Periodicals</i>, published 3 times each year by the Medical Library Association, may be used to keep abreast of new medical serial titles.
Book: Comprehensive Respiratory Medicine
Authors: G. Laszlo
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Richard Albert, Stephen Spiro, James Jett Mosby, £99.95, pp 800 ISBN 0 7234 3118 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> If you enjoy reading, then textbooks are companions, not to be discarded lightly. New editions may be unwelcome, like friends' new wives or husbands, though adaptation is easy when the second version is much better than the first. A new arrival is a different matter—usually a source of pleasure and readily assimilated if it has anything to offer. This is surprising: it is a truth universally acknowledged that the textbook is an antediluvian method of storing information that will be extinguished any day by hordes … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Myocardial Infarction After Serum Sickness From Tetanus Antitoxin
Authors: Thomas C. Catalano
Journal: JAMA (1964)

RECENT MEDICAL LITERATURE has stressed the need for a campaign of public education regarding the importance of universal immunization with tetanus toxoid with booster follow-up. This has been stressed because of the increasing severity and frequency of reactions to tetanus antitoxin. It is estimated that from 15% to 30% of persons suffer serum sickness following administration of horse serum and that over 2 million doses of antitoxin are administered annually in this country.<sup>1</sup> It is the purpose of this paper to report and document a case of acute myocardial infarction following serum sickness caused by tetanus antitoxin. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 38-year-old white male was admitted to Nassau Hospital, Mineola, NY, on June 8, 1959, with the chief complaint of severe recurring substernal pain accompanied by vomiting. The patient was well until five days prior to admission when he suffered a laceration on the dorsum of his right
Sera From Chronic Chagasic Patients With Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias Depress Electrogenesis and Conduction in Isolated Rabbit Hearts
Authors: Selma Farias de Oliveira, Roberto Coury Pedrosa, José Hamilton Matheus Nascimento, Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho, Masako Oya Masuda
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Immune dysfunction has long been proposed as a mechanism for the etiopathogenesis of the chronic phase of Chagas’ disease. Antibodies of chagasic patients have been shown to interfere with electric and mechanical activity of embryonic myocardial cells in culture. Here, we demonstrate that antibodies derived from a group of chronic chagasic patients are able to induce disturbances in the electrogenesis and conduction in isolated adult rabbit hearts. Methods and Results Sera from chronic chagasic patients with complex cardiac arrhythmias (ChA+) decreased heart rate (from 131±26 to 98±37 bpm [mean±SD]; n=6; P &lt;.05) in isolated rabbit hearts when perfused at a dilution of 1:100 (vol:vol) by the Langendorff method. Sera from another experimental group of four chronic chagasic patients without complex arrhythmias (ChA−) and two control groups composed of five Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome patients and five orthopedic surgery patients did not affect heart rate when tested under similar conditions. In addition, sera from five of six ChA+ patients and from one WPW patient induced AV conduction blockade. Effects of the sera from ChA+ patients are due to their IgG fractions. Both serum and IgG effects are blocked by atropine (10 μmol/L). Conclusions Antibodies of ChA+ patients decrease heart rate and induce AV conduction block in isolated adult rabbit hearts through activation of muscarinic receptors.
Dysenteric Conditions in Calcutta Europeans
Authors: B. P. Tribedi, M. N. De
Journal: BMJ (1938)

HAEMORRHAGE MTIE BRITISNA discomfort.Should the bleeding restart it will at once be evident, as fresh blood will come through the tube.Another way to stop bleeding is this: Cut off the finger of a rubber glove and, after passing the end into the rectum, plug gauze into the open end so as to well distend the closed end inside the rectum.To prevent the plug slipping in, a safety-pin and a roll of gauze are used outside the anus.The tube method is the more satis- factory as the glove finger is apt to tear.If a plug such as this fails to control the bleeding the patient should be given an anaesthetic, and when all the blood has been douched away the bleeding-point can be looked for with a speculum.It is generally very difficult, or impossible, to pick up the vessel satisfactorily, and it is better to plug the rectum properly with a gauze plug and tube of suitable size.
Stable Transduction of Primary Human Monocytes by Simian Lentiviral Vector PBj
Authors: Michael D. Mühlebach, Nina Wolfrum, Silke Schüle, Ulrich Tschulena, Ralf Sanzenbacher, Egbert Flory, Klaus Cichutek, Matthias Schweizer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Despite the ability to infect nonproliferating cells, current lentiviral vectors are inefficient at mediating gene transfer into quiescent primary human cells such as monocytes. Here, a replication-incompetent vector based on a molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus strain PBj (SIVsmmPBj1.9) was generated that, in contrast to lenti- and gamma-retroviral control vectors, enabled transfer of heterologous genes into human diploid fibroblasts and cell lines blocked in the G(0) phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, freshly isolated human monocytes refractory to HIV-1-derived vectors were efficiently transduced by the PBj vector independent of the viral Nef protein. Stable chromosomal integration of PBj-derived viral expression vectors was verified in transduced cells. The capability of the PBj vector to transduce quiescent cells such as unstimulated primary human monocytes is an important extension of human gene therapy perspectives.
Loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2 cause a syndromic presentation of thoracic aortic aneurysm
Authors: Mark E Lindsay, Dorien Schepers, Nikhita Ajit Bolar, Jefferson J Doyle, Elena Gallo, Justyna Fert-Bober, Marlies J E Kempers, Elliot K Fishman, Yichun Chen, Loretha Myers, Djahita Bjeda, Gretchen Oswald, Abdallah F Elias, Howard P Levy, Britt-Marie Anderlid, Margaret H Yang, Ernie M H F Bongers, Janneke Timmermans, Alan C Braverman, Natalie Canham, Geert R Mortier, Han G Brunner, Peter H Byers, Jennifer Van Eyk, Lut Van Laer, Harry C Dietz, Bart L Loeys
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Wakefield tells GMC he was motivated by concern for autistic children
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A new report is calling for changes in the conduct of clinical trials in the United States to reduce disparities of age, sex, race, and comorbidity.The goal is to give a more representative picture of the benefits and risks of a treatment across the entire population but particularly among those who bear the greatest burden of the morbidity.The eliminating disparities in clinical trials (EDICT) initiative was conducted over two years by the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and the Intercultural Cancer Council.It is part of an ongoing four year project to reduce barriers to participation in trials.The report of the initiative was released on 1 April in Washington, DC.The report describes itself as a "nationwide call to action . . .that removes the barriers to clinical trial participation and advances education and information sharing [as] a critical step to improving the health status of all Americans."Recommendations include harmonising the Food and Drug Administration's regulations on trial design and conduct with those of the National Institutes of Health requiring diversity; increasing collaboration between government and industry in trials; and fostering community involvement in all phases of trial design and implementation.It calls on journals to require researchers to include an analysis of how their trial participants match the population that bears the greatest burden of that condition.It also seeks better education of institutional review boards on their ethical responsibilities and of the general public about the trials process.Calls for better education of review boards and the public are likely to draw little opposition.But other recommendations are likely to require an increase in the size of a trial to provide sufficient numbers for subgroup analysis according to sex, race, age, and comorbidity.This will increase the cost of trials and could delay the introduction of new drugs to the marketplace.Information on EDICT is available at www.bcm.edu/edict. Trial participants need to represent patients betterUK NEWS Wakefield tells GMC he was motivated by concern for autistic children, p 738 World NEWS Australian drug firms give details of sums spent courting doctors, p 742 bmj.com reducing inequalities in health will need a long timeframe, MPs are told
Fresh frozen plasma. Useful as a volume expander in children.
Authors: G Stuart, C Wardrop
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Fresh frozen plasmaUsefil as a volume expander in children EDITOR,-We welcome Hannah Cohen's advice that hospital transfusion committees should draw up guidelines for the use of fresh frozen plasma.'We take issue, however, with her claim that "fresh frozen plasma has no role as a volume expander."Although this is true in most circumstances, we believe that this embargo should not be applied to infants and children whose vascular integrity fails because of endothelial dysfunction-for example, after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in children may be associated with considerable tissue oedema.This increase in total body water is particularly apparent in infants who have undergone prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass.2In such cases intra- vascular hypovolaemia occurs despite an overall increase in total body water, with extravasation of salts and small protein molecules such as albumin.When vascular integrity is lost fresh frozen plasma may have advantages over human albumin solution because of the larger size of macromolecules,3 which may allow a more sustained effect with slower leakage through damaged capillaries into perivascular tissues.4This permits better main- tenance of intravascular volume, which is an important determinant of oxygen delivery and survival in patients at risk of multisystem failure.This point may apply to other patients requiring critical care such as neonates or patients with thermal bums.4Until the use of synthetic colloids with large macromolecular structure has been validated and proved to be safe in young infants and children we believe that fresh frozen plasma is the safest and most effective option in children with intravascular hypovolaemia and failure of vascular endothelial integrity despite the small risk of hazard.'
Reciprocal Beating Induced by Ventricular Pacing
Authors: S. SERGE BAROLD, JOSEPH W. LINHART, PHILIP SAMET
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Ventricular pacing is frequently associated with retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction. In the absence of atrioventricular (A-V) block, the relatively intact antegrade A-V conduction system supplies the necessary pathway for a re-entry mechanism that may become operative in the presence of delayed retrograde conduction. Two patients with bradycardia and unimpaired antegrade A-V conduction exhibited reciprocal (echo) beating following nodal beats before ventricular pacing was instituted. After the introduction of an artificial ventricular pacemaker, reciprocal beats followed the paced ventricular beats in both patients. These observations suggest that a similar mechanism is involved in the production of reciprocal beats linked to impulses originating from the A-V node and the ventricles. When ventricular pacing is indicated for the treatment of bradycardia in the presence of intact antegrade A-V conduction, a situation which may produce echo beats, demand pacing is considered preferable to fixed-rate pacing as the latter may deliver a stimulus into the vulnerable phase following an echo beat.
Angiotensin converting enzyme in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome: plasma activity and gene polymorphisms
Authors: A. Barceló, M.A. Elorza, F. Barbé, C. Santos, L.R. Mayoralas, A.G.N. Agustí
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The prevalence of several cardiovascular diseases is increased with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), due to, as yet, unclear reasons. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) abnormalities have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. In this study, plasma ACE activity and the distribution of an insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the ACE gene were determined in OSAS patients and in healthy controls. A total of 63 patients with OSAS (mean±sem 54.5±2.5 apnoea/hypopnoeas·h -1 ) and 32 healthy subjects were studied. To avoid potential confounding factors, patients treated with ACE inhibitors or continuous positive airway pressure were excluded, as well as controls in whom a blood sample was not obtained early in the morning. ACE activity was determined spectrophotometrically in 46 OSAS patients and 25 controls. The I/D ACE polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 44 patients and 32 controls. ACE activity was higher in OSAS patients (53.9±2.5 IU·L -1 ) than in healthy controls (42.4±3.1 IU·L -1 , p&lt;0.01). This was independent of the presence of arterial hypertension. The frequency distribution of the DD, II and ID genotypes in OSAS patients (30%, 16%, 54%, respectively) was not significantly different from that seen in healthy subjects (31%, 28%, 41%, respectively, p=0.356). These results indicate that ACE plasma activity is increased in untreated OSAS patients. This increased activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease in these patients.
The expression of retinoblastoma protein in epidermis is induced by ultraviolet B exposure
Authors: M. UEDA, N.U. AHMED, T. BITO, T. NAGANO, M. ICHIHASHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light (UV) can be repaired while cells are arrested in the cell cycle. Tumour suppressor gene p53 has been implicated as being involved in the G1 arrest after UV irradiation. Normal human skin from three volunteers was exposed to UVB and the expression of p53. Ki‐67 and retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) was examined immunohistochemically, in addition to observation for sunburn cells, p53 protein started to be expressed at 6 h after UVB irradiation. It peaked at 12–48 h. Ki‐67 expression was induced after 48 or 72 h or irradiation. pRb begun to be expressed at 24 or 48 h and peaked at 48–96 h. p53‐positive cells were distributed throughout the epidermis, while Ki‐67 and pRb positive cells were seen mainly at the lower epidermis. Finally, sunburn cells, which are presumably apoptotic cells, appeared at 24 h and peaked at 24–48 h and were seen at upper epidermis. The different and co‐ordinated expression, although variable between individuals, indicates important roles for p53 and pRb on the maintenance of the homeostasis of the epidermis after UV irradiation.