tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From Marrow to Matrix: Novel Gene and Cell Therapies for Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Beau R Webber, Jakub Tolar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Epidermolysis bullosa encompasses a group of inherited connective tissue disorders that range from mild to lethal. There is no cure, and current treatment is limited to palliative care that is largely ineffective in treating the systemic, life-threatening pathology associated with the most severe forms of the disease. Although allogeneic cell- and protein-based therapies have shown promise, both novel and combinatorial approaches will undoubtedly be required to totally alleviate the disorder. Progress in the development of next-generation therapies that synergize targeted gene-correction and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies offers exciting prospects for personalized, off-the-shelf treatment options that could avoid many of the limitations associated with current allogeneic cell-based therapies. Although no single therapeutic avenue has achieved complete success, each has substantially increased our collective understanding of the complex biology underlying the disease, both providing mechanistic insights and uncovering new hurdles that must be overcome.
Treatment of Perforated Appendicitis
Authors: H. B. Eisenstadt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial by the late Alton Ochsner, MD (1981; 246:2453), addresses the problem of emergency appendectomy by non-qualified physicians. I remember that during World War II, several patients lost their lives owing to the shortage of trained surgeons in a smaller community. However, with modern, rapid, transport facilities, antibiotic coverage, and general supportive management, the treatment of perforated appendicitis may be less conservative, as the latter approach creates its own problems. I myself have been suffering from extensive peritoneal adhesions following nonsurgical treatment of appendicitis and have had two different attacks of fulminating small-bowel strangulation with gangrene, producing a life-threatening emergency and necessitating each time the sacrifice of about 91 cm of small bowel. Two prominent medical centers failed to recognize the cause of the abdominal symptoms before these attacks. Recently some painful abdominal symptoms have recurred, and I have to be prepared for a third emergency,
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON HOG CHOLERA
Authors: O. Seifried, C. B. Cain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

In cases of acute hog cholera the earliest and most pronounced lesions occur in the capillaries and smaller arteries. Larger arteries and veins are less frequently involved. The lesions consist of swelling and proliferation of endothelial cells together with retrogressive changes in them and in the other parts of the blood vessel walls. The character and degree of these lesions seem to be dependent upon the virulence of the virus and, to some extent, upon the presence of secondarily invading bacteria. We believe that these lesions should be considered a principal feature of the histopathology of hog cholera.
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy in a Myocardial Bridging of Coronary Artery
Authors: KAAN KULAN, CANSEL KULAN, CEMAL TUNCER, BAKI KOMSUOĞLU, MÜNIR TELATAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

In myocardial bridging, muscle bonds may cause extreme narrowing of a coronary artery during systole. The case of a 17-year-old boy with coronary bridging in whom stress imaging showed a reversible perfusion defect due to the bridged vessel and not due to coronary artery disease is presented.
Hyperacute graft-versus-host disease and NKT cells
Authors: Y. Tanaka, M. Kami, S. Ogawa, U. Machida, T. Takahashi, M. Ichikawa, K. Yuji, K. Izutsu, T. Asai, Y. Kanda, H. Honda, K. Mitani, S. Chiba, H. Hirai, Y. Yazaki, M. Sasaki, K. Sasaki, S. Mineishi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)
When it comes to opiates, just say NO
Authors: Gavril W. Pasternak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Repeated use of opiate analgesic drugs such as morphine for the relief of chronic pain may result in the development of opiate tolerance and dependence, leading to a narrowing of the drug's therapeutic index and increased side effects. Previous preclinical work has shown that interruption of a signaling cascade involving the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and NO prevents morphine tolerance. In this issue of the JCI, Muscoli and colleagues extend our understanding of the role of NO in tolerance by demonstrating that, in mice, tolerance to chronic morphine administration is associated with NO conversion to peroxynitrite, which accumulates and nitrates tyrosine moieties within various proteins in the spinal cord (see the related article beginning on page 3530). This and other data suggest that peroxynitrite plays a role in opiate tolerance and that regulation of peroxynitrite may be utilized for the management of opiate-induced tolerance.
Fulvestrant in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer After Progression on Prior Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N0032
Authors: James N. Ingle, Vera J. Suman, Kendrith M. Rowland, Deepu Mirchandani, Albert M. Bernath, John K. Camoriano, Paul A.S. Fishkin, Daniel A. Nikcevich, Edith A. Perez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose Fulvestrant is an antiestrogen that leads to estrogen receptor degradation and has demonstrated efficacy in breast cancer patients who have had disease recurrence or progression after tamoxifen. This study was designed to examine the efficacy and toxicity of fulvestrant in patients with disease progression on a third-generation aromatase inhibitor (AI). Patients and Methods A one-stage phase II trial was conducted in postmenopausal women with measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria who experienced disease progression after treatment with a third-generation AI and, at most, one additional hormonal agent. Tumors must have been estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor positive. The primary end point was objective response rate, and secondary end points were time to disease progression, survival, duration of response, and toxicity. Results Eighty patients were enrolled, and three were ineligible. Characteristics of the 77 eligible patients included median age of 68 years, performance score of 0 or 1 in 91% of patients, visceral dominant disease in 88% of patients, two prior hormonal treatments in 73% of patients, and prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease in 32% of patients. Eleven patients (14.3%) achieved a partial response, and 16 patients (20.8%) had stable disease for at least 6 months, for a clinical benefit rate of 35%. Antitumor activity seemed to be higher in women with prior treatment with AI alone compared with women whose prior treatment also included tamoxifen. Median time to progression was 3 months, and median survival time was 20.2 months. Fulvestrant was well tolerated. Conclusion Fulvestrant is a well-tolerated treatment and has efficacy against breast cancers that have progressed after therapy with a third-generation AI.
Host Determinants in HIV Infection and Disease: Part 1: Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses*
Authors: Christine M. Hogan, Scott M. Hammer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

The course of HIV infection varies widely among individuals. Long-term nonprogressors or slow progressors may remain asymptomatic and have normal CD4 counts despite more than a decade of untreated HIV infection. In contrast, rapid progressors develop AIDS within 5 years. In addition, some persons remain uninfected despite repeated exposure to HIV. Immunologic and genetic studies of long-term nonprogressors and exposed yet uninfected persons, as well as data from studies of primary HIV infection, have helped to elucidate the mechanisms by which some persons are protected from HIV acquisition or have slow rates of disease progression. This review (the first of two parts) describes what is currently known about host factors in HIV-1 infection. Studies for inclusion were identified by a systematic search of PubMed for English-language literature published from 1988 through June 2000. Abstracts of presentations at major meetings convened in 2000 were also included if appropriate. Growing evidence suggests a crucial role of cytotoxic T cells and T-helper cells in controlling viremia, slowing disease progression, and perhaps preventing establishment of infection. Humoral and mucosal immunity, soluble inhibitory factors, the cytokine milieu, and concomitant infections also affect outcome. Genetic host factors, such as inheritance of mutant chemokine receptors or certain HLA types, affect susceptibility to infection and subsequent clinical course. The role of cellular and humoral immunity, mucosal immunity, and other local factors in determining the course of HIV infection is discussed.
Alcohol abstention and premature mortality in middle-aged men.
Authors: B Petersson, E Trell, H Kristenson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A series of middle-aged men were investigated for total mortality up to five years after completing a questionnaire on alcohol consumption administered during a preventive medical screening programme in Malmö, Sweden. The aim was to test the hypothesis that small amounts of alcohol are beneficial to general and cardiovascular health. Relative mortality was increased among the men who had reported non-use of alcohol in the screening questionnaire. Most of these men, however, had chronic disease as the reason for their abstention, or even a past history of alcoholism.
Disappearance of Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis After Convulsion in a Patient With a Putaminal Hemorrhage
Authors: MAKOTO KATSURAGI, RYUICHIROU TORIGOE, HARUMI NISHIHARA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A case is reported in which reduced blood flow in the right cerebellar hemisphere following a bleed in the left putamen could not be identified on SPECT obtained immediately after a convulsion.
Spontaneous Expulsion of a Migrating Infantry Missile Impacted in the Duodenum and the Common Bile Duct, 32 Years after Wounding
Authors: G. Weithofer, Z. Blazek, K. Warm, R. Bloch
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

32 years after the injury, an infantry bullet was found to extrude into the duodenum, with its sharp end impacted in the common bile duct. After several previous endoscopic examinations (duodenoscopy, ERCP), endoscopic removal was planned. In the meantime, the bullet was expelled per vias naturales, leaving a biliodigestive fistula.
THE BLOOD OF WORKERS IN TRINITROTOLUENE
Authors: L. H. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1918)

During the last few years, trinitrotoluene (T. N. T.) has taken its place among the important industrial poisons. According to Panton,<sup>1</sup>the types of sickness that may occur from the absorption of trinitrotoluene are: (1) severe gastric disturbance, without jaundice or anemia; (2) anemia of the aplastic type, and (3) toxic jaundice. The jaundice patients may acquire the aplastic anemia also. The symptoms complained of by workers in trinitrotoluene have been carefully investigated by Livingstone-Learmonth and Cunningham.<sup>2</sup> From analogy, it was thought changes in the blood might occur after continued absorption of trinitrotoluene, as is the case with certain other benzene compounds, notably benzene (benzol, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) and dinitrobenzene (D. N. B.). Selling<sup>3</sup>and others have shown that a condition of aplastic anemia may result from benzene poisoning. The power of benzene to reduce the number of leukocytes has been made use of in leukemia.
1232 IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE POTENTIAL FOR THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS PROTEASE INHIBITORS GS-9256 AND GS-9451 TO AFFECT BILIRUBIN ELIMINATION
Authors: L. Tong, J. Mwangi, A. Roy, B. Murray, W. Delaney, C. Yang, A.S. Ray
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
THE DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF KERATITIS PUNCTATA INTERNA (DESCEMETITIS).
Authors: HARRY FRIEDENWALD
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The term keratitis punctata is applied to several very different conditions. We must distinguish between the true punctate inflammations, the keratitis punctata profunda, the keratitis punctata superficialis, etc., and that form which consists of deposits on the inner surface of the cornea. If we retain the term for this form we should define it as "keratitis punctata interna." This condition is also known by the name of descemetitis, and, while there are objections to this term, it is less liable to produce confusion, and for this reason and for the sake of brevity we shall use it in this paper. In a paper published in the Archives of Ophthalmology<sup>1</sup>six years ago, I brought evidence to show that descemetitis occurs in every case of iritis. I divided the descemetitis into two forms—the coarse, which can be seen with the naked eye, and the fine, which is detected by means
UK GP activity exceeds expectations
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Family doctors exceeded all expectations in achieving the quality outcomes laid down in their new contract but have created a financial headache for hard pressed primary care trusts in the process.

New health department figures show that almost all England's 8542 practices took part in the first year of the Quality and Outcomes Framework, a funding arrangement that rewards practices for providing quality care. On average they achieved 959 (91%) of the 1050 points offered for meeting a range of clinical and organisational standards.



Under the new …
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF DEFERRED CORONARY LESIONS ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE
Authors: Hyun Ok Cho, Chang Wook Nam, Yun Kyeong Cho, Hyoung Seob Park, Hyuck Joon Yoon, Hyungseop Kim, Seung Ho Hur, Yoon Nyun Kim, Kwon Bae Kim, Bon Kwon Koo, Joon Hyung Doh, Seung Jea Tahk, Myeong Ho Yoon, Hong Seok Lim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
1α,24‐Dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> (tacalcitol) is effective against Hailey–Hailey disease both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: None Aoki, None Hashimoto, None Koseki, None Hozumi, None Kondo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We report a case of Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD) in which 1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (tacalcitol) was effective both clinically (in vivo) and in explant cultures (in vitro) of a skin lesion. The patient was a 65-year-old man with HHD lesions in the axillary and inguinal areas bilaterally. We applied ointment containing 1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (tacalcitol), an analogue of active vitamin D3, to the lesions and assessed its clinical effectiveness. The HHD lesions in both groins disappeared after treatment with the 1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ointment, and the remission has continued to the present. A punch biopsy specimen of the lesion that had remitted showed no acantholysis. In addition, dissociation of migrating keratinocytes was observed when biopsy specimens of the HHD skin lesion were cultured in medium without 1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3, but inhibition of keratinocyte dissociation was observed in medium containing it. These results suggest the effectiveness of 1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 against HHD both in vivo and in vitro.
DSM-5 and the rough ride from approval to publication
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Since the American Psychiatric Association (APA) approved the fifth edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in December last year, barely a day has passed without criticism and comment in the professional, national, and international media. DSM-5 is intended to supersede the existing psychiatric Bible, DSM-IV, which was published 13 years ago.

With the May publication date fast approaching, …
Immune Molecules Affect Tuberculosis Outcomes
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infections of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Central nervous system (CNS) infections have fascinated clinicians for centuries. Along with pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, their discussion is often featured in recent continuing medical education efforts. Undoubtedly, clinicians' interest is stimulated by an awareness of the swift devastation these infections can create. <i>Infections of the Central Nervous System</i>is intended to be a comprehensive treatment of a rapidly evolving subject. Controversy concerning adjunctive corticosteroid use in meningitis management, complex diagnostic challenges in addressing CNS infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and proper selection of newer imaging methods are among the issues this book squarely faces. The book is organized quite simply. Viral infections; bacterial meningitis, abscesses, subdural empyema, and epidural abscesses; toxin-mediated CNS processes; spirochetal infections (syphilis and Lyme borreliosis); and fungal and parasitic diseases are followed by chapters on laboratory and radiographic diagnostic methods. Most topics are discussed clearly and with
Measuring Habitual Walking Speed of People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Steven T. Johnson, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Linda J. McCargar, Rhonda C. Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Revised physical activity guidelines for individuals with type 2 diabetes recommend at least 150 min/week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (40–60% of V o2max or 50–70% of maximum heart rate) and/or 90 min/week of aerobic exercise (>60% of V o2max or >70% of maximum heart rate) (1). In a structured exercise program or in the laboratory setting, levels of physical activity can be closely monitored; however, self-directed walking is the most common and most acceptable form of physical activity (2,3) to people with type 2 diabetes, and little is known about self-paced walking speed (and therefore intensity). A walking speed of 4.0 km/h is widely accepted as moderately intense physical activity (4). Numerous studies examining the beneficial effects of physical activity for people with type 2 diabetes exist (rev. in 1,5). Few, however, have directly measured walking speed.

Previous research (6,7) demonstrated efficacy in increasing physical activity of participants using the First Step Program (FSP), a pedometer-based, self-paced walking program designed to help people with type 2 diabetes increase their steps per day. Despite the increase in physical activity, improvements in health outcomes were modest. In contrast, the implementation of the FSP in a worksite setting involving healthy adults resulted in significant reductions in weight, BMI, waist girth, and resting heart rate (8). We hypothesize that a slower walking speed …
Factors Altering the Filling of the Isolated Left Ventricle of the Dog Heart
Authors: N. M. BUCKLEY, M. SIDKY, E. OGDEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Ventricular filling was studied in an isolated left ventricle preparation, and mechanical impedance of the ventricular wall was computed throughout the filling period. Changes in work load or heart rate were accompanied by changes in intraventricular pressure curve contours and in the timecourse of the mechanical impedance throughout filling. The filling pattern is characteristically altered as work load or heart rate increases, and after the administration of epinephrine or norepinephrine.
Lifestyle is blamed for half a million UK cancers in past five years
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly 600 000 cancer cases in the United Kingdom could have been avoided in the past five years if people had led healthier lifestyles, figures from Cancer Research UK have shown. Overall, experts said that more than four in 10 cancers could be prevented by lifestyle changes.

Smoking remains by far the biggest preventable cause of cancer in the UK, accounting for more than 314 000 cases in the past five years—nearly a fifth of all cancers. But the charity’s figures showed that a further 145 000 cases …
Activins and Inhibins in Endocrine and Other Tumors
Authors: Gail P. Risbridger, Jacqueline F. Schmitt, David M. Robertson
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

Abstract Inhibin and activin are members of the TGFβ superfamily of growth and differentiation factors. They were first identified as gonadal-derived regulators of pituitary FSH and were subsequently assigned multiple actions in a wide range of tissues. More recently, the inhibin α subunit was considered as a tumor suppressor based on functional studies employing transgenic mouse models. This review evaluates the functional and molecular evidence that the inhibin α subunit is a tumor suppressor in endocrine cancers. The evaluation highlights the discrepant results from the human and mouse studies, as well as the differences between endocrine tumor types. In addition, we examine the evidence that the activin-signaling pathway is tumor suppressive and identify organ-specific differences in the actions and putative roles of this pathway in endocrine tumors. In summary, there is a considerable body of evidence to support the role of inhibins and activins in endocrine-related tumors. Future studies will define the mechanisms by which inhibins and activins contribute to the process of initiation, promotion, or progression of endocrine-related cancers.
Radionuclide Diagnosis of Dual Abdominal Pathology
Authors: ASEEM BHATNAGAR, KISHEN SAWROOP, COL CHANDRA SHEKHAR PANT, SHYAMAL KUMAR CHAKRAVARTY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Serial pertechnetate abdominal imaging is often performed for exploring the cause and site of gastrointestinal bleeding. The authors present a study performed for suspected Meckel's diverticulum that shows unusual scan features suggestive of generalized intestinal inflammation and an undiagnosed uterine fibroid. The report suggests advantages of including the perfusion phase in abdominal scan protocols and possible role of radionuclide imaging in uterine fibroids and intestinal inflammations.
Effect of Freeway Travel on Angina Pectoris
Authors: WILBERT S. ARONOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Ten patients with angina had cardiopulmonary tests done in the control state, after being driven for 90 minutes during heavy morning freeway traffic, and 2 hours after return. The cardiac tests were repeated on a subsequent morning, with the patients breathing compressed, purified air during freeway travel. The expired-air carbon monoxide and arterial carboxyhemoglobin levels significantly increased after breathing freeway air. There was a significant decrease in exercise performance until angina, in systolic blood pressure at angina, in heart rate at angina, in systolic blood pressure times heart rate at angina, and in the FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity) after breathing freeway air. Ischemic ST-segment depression occurred in 3 of 10 patients while breathing freeway air. No significant change from control values occurred in the above variables after breathing compressed, purified air. Exposure to heavy freeway traffic increased carboxyhemoglobin levels, causing angina to develop sooner after less cardiac work.