tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toxic Shock Syndrome, Staphylococcus aureus, and Influenza-Reply
Authors: Steven J. Sperber
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Todd for his comments about the association of TSS and influenza. We agree that the association is related to secondary<i>S aureus</i>infections that complicate the underlying viral illness. Sinusitis, which frequently complicates upper respiratory infections, certainly deserves emphasis as a potentially drainable site for<i>S aureus</i>infection. In a critically ill patient, pneumonia or empyema would be primary considerations to most clinicians, whereas sinusitis might be over-looked because of its less frequent association with severe illness and its lack of overt clinical signs. The role of<i>S aureus</i>in potentiating the influenza virus provides additional theoretical basis for the known destructive synergy associated with<i>S aureus</i>and the influenza virus.
Abstract 3510: N-Myc positively influences mitochondrial biogenesis in neuroblastoma
Authors: Manika Sharma, James A. Graves
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial tumor of childhood., accounting for approximately 7% of all cancer in children. The morbidity and mortality are affected by a number of factors - perhaps most significantly by amplification of the oncogene, N-MYC. Advanced stage disease with N-MYC overexpression confers the highest mortality. The N-MYC gene product (N-Myc) regulates the transcription of many genes, and when overexpressed is thought to enhance the cell cycle and dysregulate apoptosis. The function of N-Myc is virtually identical to another oncoprotein of the same family, c-Myc, yet is restricted by developmental stage and cell type. Overexpression of c-Myc has been shown to increase mitochondrial biogenesis by alterations in mitochondrial dynamics. It has been proposed that these changes may contribute to c-Myc induced tumorigenesis. We hypothesize that N-Myc amplification will have similar effects on mitochondrial biogenesis in neuroblastoma. Design/Methods: To perform these studies we utilized a cell line with endogenous levels of N-Myc (SK-N-SH). In these cells we have ectopically overexpressed N-Myc and examined the cells for changes in the mitochondria with various assays, including: Western blots, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, ATP assay and confocal microscopy. Results: We found a X-fold increase in mitochondrial mass in cells that overexpress N-Myc,, as well as a more tubular appearance with less organized cristae. Additionally, N-Myc changed the expression of various mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins. The most dramatic change was seen in the expression of the fusion protein Opa1, which changed by ten-fold. This, combined with a decrease in expression of fission proteins DRP1 and MFF, may account for the more tubular appearance of mitochondria in N-Myc overexpressing cells. Conclusions N-Myc amplification appeared to increase mitochondrial mass. This may occur as a result of increased expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins, as previously observed in c-Myc overexpressing cells. Additionally, mitochondrial function is influenced by N-Myc overexpression. Therefore, N-Myc amplification appears to positively influence mitochondrial biogenesis in neuroblastoma. Further studies are needed to determine if this increase in mitochondrial mass and function is necessary for the development and maintenance of neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Manika Sharma, James A. Graves. N-Myc positively influences mitochondrial biogenesis in neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3510. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3510
The Domain of Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1931)

It is not my intention to trace this special branch cf medicine from earliest times-although such an exercise must have a chastening effect.Our very remote fore- fathers had philosophical minds, and often practical visioJn.When, with all the air of a discoverer, we descant upon the value of the sun and open-air hospitals it is a little humiliating to find that the followers of Aesculapius built a temple of healing to the honour of their master, and that the design of the open-air ward was almost identical with our most recent buildings, with free access to sun and air.I wrote an article some years ago on the conservative treatment of club-foot.It Imight have been copied from Hippocrates, who, with a wealth of detail, had anticipated -all I had to say.WVhen we realize the magnitude of this supreme ancient we must feel humble.He enriched surgery in all its branches'; 'but we shall best remember him as a pioneer of extension in the treatment of fractures, as a teacher of passive hyperaemia, as an authority on congenital dislocation of the hip, and on the correction of club-foot-and all this 400 years before Christ.Some years ago I was engaged as a witness in a medicolegal case.One of the issues referred to the method of reduction which should be employed in a case of disloca- tion of the head of the humerus with fracture of the surgical neck.Many distinguished surgeons in 1906 did not know of such an injury.They were much astonished to hear that fifty years before the Christian era Pasicrates (quoted by Malgaigne), in describing the injury, stated that he preferred -to reduce the dislocation and then to allow union of the humerus.Aristion, on the contrarv, endeavoured so to arrange traction that it would act uponl
General Medical Council to elect a new president to succeed Irvine
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Members of the General Medi-cal Council will elect a new president next week to succeed Sir Donald Irvine, who steps down from the post at the end of the year.

Nominations, which require the support of two of the 104 council members, closed last month. Candidates will have the opportunity to put their case at a dinner the night before the election at the Royal College of Physicians in London.

The six nominees have all served or continue to serve on various GMC committees. They are Professor Graeme Catto, Professor James Drife, Dr Brian Keighley, Mr Olusola Oni, Dr Shiv Pande, and Professor Wendy Savage.

Professor Catto is thought to be favourite to win the contest, which will be secured by single transferable vote, and the winner will be announced immediately after the votes have been counted on 6 November. The term of office is for a maximum of seven years, but council membership is for a fixed term of five years, so any president would have to be re-elected to the council first. All members of …
Endoscopic Management of Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) Following a Colectomy
Authors: J.-C. Saurin, B. Napoleon, G. Gay, T. Ponchon, J.-P. Arpurt, C. Boustiere, J. Boyer, J.-M. Canard, P.-A. Dalbies, J. Escourrou, M. Greff, J. Lapuelle, R. Laugier, J.-C. Letard, B. Marchetti, L. Palazzo, D. Sautereau, B. Vedrenne
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The preventive treatment of neoplastic lesions in the colon in FAP involves a colectomy restoring continuity in two ways: ileo-anal anastomosis (IAA) or ileo-rectal anastomosis. The risk of cancer remains for the rest of the digestive tract. Endoscopy is one method of investigating these lesions and in some cases can also be used for their treatment. Generally speaking, if there is any difficulty in implementing the endoscopic procedure or in interpreting the histology results, the opinion of an experienced team should be sought.
IS PNEUMONIA INCREASING?
Authors: JOHN S. FULTON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The generally accepted view that the pneumonia mortality has risen rapidly in late years rests on no other evidence than the apparent mortality rates and ratios. If the rates and ratios are in general delusive, and if with respect to pneumonia they are shown to be fallacious, it does not follow that we must diminish our respect for pneumonia as a cause of death, but that we must more accurately determine its important relations. I shall use the ratios almost exclusively in this study, because the disturbing factors of mortality ratios are more easily ascertained than those of the death rates, and the ratios are less influenced by the vagaries and inconsistencies of registration. The apparent rise of pneumonia dates from the beginning of mortality registration in this country, and has over and over again been the subject of remark. In 1889 the registration report of Massachusetts comments on the
PMO-201 Bowel preparation: Moviprep<sup>®</sup>vs Klean-prep<sup>®</sup>, real life experience in unselected patients
Authors: B R Disney, B Johnson, M Anderson
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction The numbers of colonoscopies being performed has increased since the introduction of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Bowel preparation is essential for a successful colonoscopy. However, bowel preparation is a major deterrent for patients undergoing screening colonoscopy. Having a bowel preparation that is more acceptable to patients may improve acceptance of bowel preparations, promote compliance and increase the likelihood of a successful procedure. The aim of this study was to assess patient tolerability of a newer bowel preparation, Moviprep®, to the current preparation used, Klean-prep®. Methods Patients received either Moviprep® or Klean-prep® prior to colonoscopy. Each patient was asked to complete a questionnaire assessing various side effects and tolerability. Results In total 50 patients received Moviprep® of which 42 (84%) completed the questionnaire. Eighty-eight patients who received Klean-prep® completed the questionnaire. The patients who received Moviprep® suffered from fewer side effects such as, bloating (p=0.002), abdominal pain (p=0.02) and anal irritation (p=0.04). No significant differences were seen in the incidence of nausea, vomiting or abdominal cramps between the two preparations. Patients found the taste of Moviprep® more acceptable and as a result were more likely to take all of the preparation as compared with Klean-prep® (p=0.002). No difference was observed in the quality of bowel preparation or caecal visualisation/intubated rates (p=0.93). Conclusion Moviprep® was tolerated much better when compared to Klean-prep® in terms of side effects and the willingness to take the preparation again. Having a preparation that is well tolerated may help with patient compliance and improve colonoscopic examination. Competing interests None Declared.
Epilepsy and Contact Sports
Authors: Robert L. McLaurin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

It is wrong to consider epilepsy as a disease and accept as a corollary the proposition that the individual with this disease either should or should not participate in contact sports. Epilepsy is a symptom rather than a disease, and the causes of epilepsy are multiple. Categorical generalization, therefore, cannot be made with validity, and the question of sports participation must be individualized on the basis of multiple factors. The following discussion attempts to assemble certain aspects, which might contraindicate participation and must be weighed against those factors favoring participation. <h3>Causes</h3> In all likelihood the most common cause of epilepsy in the age group participating in contact sports is that relating to genetic influences. It is well known, however, that genetic influences are not absolute, and that a disease is not necessarily either inherited or not inherited. The genetic factor may simply imply a predisposition. There is little question that
The Evaluation of Hematuria in Adults-Reply
Authors: James M. Sutton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Regarding Dr Bosniak's comments on the algorithm for the evaluation of hematuria, my treatment of the workup of a renal mass was incomplete. This was because there were several recent reviews devoted specifically to this subject.<sup>1,2</sup>In the accompanying text I supplemented the algorithm by stating, "If a renal mass has been detected by the IVP, the subsequent evaluation has been delineated." For this statement I referenced Clayman et al,<sup>1</sup>who proposed an algorithm on the evaluation of a renal mass that incorporated the renal computed tomographic scan as an integral component, as emphasized by Dr Bosniak. Elsewhere in the article I referenced a more recent review that also dealt in detail with this subject.<sup>2</sup> I agree with Dr White that the performance of an intravenous pyelogram and computed tomography of the kidneys with the same dose of contrast reagent is a reasonable approach to
Two distinct groups of immunoglobulin A(IgA) revealed by peptic digestion
Authors: I. Dodd Wilson, R. C. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Serum IgA M-components, secretory IgA separated from colostrum, and IgA from serum of patients with cirrhosis of the liver were digested with pepsin at pH 4.1. The IgA M-components segregated into two groups on the basis of their relative rates of peptic digestion. Serum and colostral IgA were digested at a total rate intermediate to that of the two groups of IgA myeloma proteins. It appeared, however, that colostral IgA may have been initially more resistant to peptic digestion than serum IgA. The variability in the rate of peptic digestion was not related to electrophoretic mobility, light-chain type, or IgA subclass. Experimental conditions related to enzyme to substrate ratio or to the pH of the reaction mixture did not appear to explain the differences found.
2009 SAFETY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF ANA598 IN COMBINATION WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON α2A PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE GENOTYPE-1 CHRONIC HCV PATIENTS
Authors: E. Lawitz, M. Rodriquez-Torres, V.K. Rustgi, T. Hassanein, M.H. Rahimy, C.A. Crowley, J.L. Freddo, A. Muir, J. McHutchison
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Congenital Familial Nodal Rhythm
Authors: JAMES M. BACOS, JOHN T. EAGAN, EDWARD S. ORGAIN
Journal: Circulation (1960)

An unusual family group covering 3 generations is presented, all of whose members manifest a characteristic arrhythmia that appears to be an inherited trait. Each of the 9 known descendants exhibits a nodal bradycardia and each of the 4 descendants who have entered the fourth decade of life have also experienced paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. These paroxysms almost invariably terminate with the re-establishment of nodal rhythm. By history, the majority of these individuals are asymptomatic, and detailed examination of 2 adult members has failed to uncover evidence of specific cardiac disease. The problem of familial arrhythmia is briefly reviewed.
Throat Swabbing in Epiglottitis
Authors: Joel M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  The management strategy for sore throat, while theoretically sound, is impracticable for busy practitioners seeing daily many patients with sore throats.  It was alarming that the author suggested swabbing the epiglottis in suspected cases of acute epiglottitis. This is an extremely dangerous practice, as stimulation of the epiglottis is likely to cause acute laryngospasm and respiratory obstruction. Intubation under these circumstances is frought with difficulty and may necessitate an emergency tracheostomy for a condition that in adults can be best treated by ampicillin sodium or chloramphenicol and close observation. The need for a positive culture does not arise, as the offending organism is invariably H influenzae , and one would never consider delaying therapy until the results of a culture were available.  This communication, therefore, serves to discourage the procedure of swabbing the epiglottis in suspected cases of acute epiglottitis.
Oral Health and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Hsin-Chia Hung, Walter Willett, Anwar Merchant, Bernard A. Rosner, Alberto Ascherio, Kaumudi J. Joshipura
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Many studies have reported the association between poor oral health and coronary heart disease or stroke, but few of them evaluated peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Hence, in this study we examined the associations between oral health and PAD. Methods and Results— In the prospective study of 45 136 eligible male health professionals free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline, we identified 342 cases of PAD during a 12-year follow-up period. We evaluated the association between different measures of oral diseases and the occurrence of PAD. Baseline number of teeth was not related to the risk of PAD, but cumulative incident tooth loss was significantly associated with elevated risk of subsequent occurrence of PAD. The relative risk for history of periodontal disease was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.77) and for any tooth loss during the follow-up period was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.82), controlling for traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Among men with a history of periodontal diseases, the relative risk of tooth loss increased to 1.88 (95% CI, 1.27 to 2.77), whereas no association was found between tooth loss and PAD among those without periodontal diseases (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.38). We further explored the potential induction period of tooth loss and found that tooth loss in the previous 2 to 6 years was most strongly associated with PAD. Conclusions— We found that incident tooth loss was significantly associated with PAD, especially among men with periodontal diseases. The results support a potential oral infection–inflammation pathway.
Proposal to Make Investigational New Drugs Available Without Clinical Trial Participation in Certain Cases Is Receiving Mixed Responses
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A LONG-standing controversy over allowing patients access to drugs before Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval has surfaced again with revival of a 1983 proposal to make it easier for some patients to obtain certain experimental drugs. The proposed change has appeared in the<i>Federal Register</i>, and is expected to take effect in a few days. In one respect the FDA's new proposal codifies a decade-long but ad hoc situation. This has to do with so-called compassionate investigational new drugs (INDs). In certain circumstances and on a case-by-case basis, compassionate INDs have allowed patients access to a drug still under investigation. Under the new proposal, the agency would permit the physician of a patient with a life-threatening or serious illness to obtain an experimental drug, if it is likely the patient would benefit and even if the patient is not participating in a clinical trial of that drug. The FDA's
THE INFLUENCE OF PENICILLIN ON PLATELET SEROTONIN UPTAKE AND RELEASE IN PENICILLIN ALLERGY
Authors: D. BURROWS, T. K. BELL, J. M. BRIDGES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article THE INFLUENCE OF PENICILLIN ON PLATELET SEROTONIN UPTAKE AND RELEASE IN PENICILLIN ALLERGY Get access D. BURROWS, D. BURROWS Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, N. Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. K. BELL, T. K. BELL Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, N. Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. M. BRIDGES J. M. BRIDGES Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, N. Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 6, 1 June 1968, Pages 387–390, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12325.x Published: 01 June 1968 Article history Accepted: 08 February 1968 Published: 01 June 1968
Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Other Viruses in Malignancies Associated With Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome
Authors: Kenneth J. Cremer, Susan B. Spring, Jack Gruber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Other Viruses in Malignancies Associated With Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome Get access Kenneth J. Cremer, Kenneth J. Cremer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Susan B. Spring, Susan B. Spring Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jack Gruber Jack Gruber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 12, 20 June 1990, Pages 1016–1024, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.12.1016 Published: 20 June 1990 Article history Received: 22 March 1990 Accepted: 02 April 1990 Published: 20 June 1990
One in three survivors of childhood meningitis is left with "hidden" after effects, study finds
Authors: E. Rourke
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Microdissection was performed on sections cut from formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded archival material, which had been subjected to conventional immunohistochemistry. Crude DNA extracts, which were obtained from these microdissected samples by a simple microwave step, were then added directly to amplification reactions. Analyses using a range of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques, including microsatellite repeat polymorphism analysis at the NM23-H1 locus and sequencing of exons 5, 7, and 8 of the p53 gene, were performed successfully. Universal PCR amplification was also carried out on the microdissected material and probes suitable for use in comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) were obtained in all cases. This technique will enable a range of effective genetic analyses to be carried out on specific subsets of cells that have been characterised previously by immunohistochemistry.
Single-dose dexamethasone suppression in normal subjects and hospital patients.
Authors: C. K. Connolly, M. B. Gore, N. Stanley, M. R. Wills
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Nichols, Nugent, and Tyler (1965) reported that while a small single dose of 0.5 mg. of dexamethasone given at 08.00 or 16.00 hours to normal healthy male subjects caused only tem porary suppression of cortisol production, the same dose given at midnight produced virtually complete suppression for 24 hours. This observation was used as the basis of a rapid simple single-dose dexamethasone suppression test for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (Nugent, Nichols, and Tyler, 1965; Pav latos, Smilo, and Forsham, 1965) in which plasma cortisol (17 OHCS) levels were measured at 08.00 hours after administra tion of 1 mg. of dexamethasone at 23.00-24.00 hours. More recently McHardy-Young, Harris, Lessof, and Lyne (1967) reported results of a similar test in which a 2-mg. dexamethasone dose was used. We wished to use a single-dose test on patients with chronic congestive cardiac failure in whom we had found a disturbance of the circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol levels and a dimi nished response to dexamethasone (Connolly and Wills, 1967). In a preliminary study we attempted to find a dose of dexa methasone which, given at midnight, consistently suppressed the plasma cortisol level at 09.00 hours below the lower limits of the normal range for this time of day, not only in healthy controls but also in hospital inpatients. This paper presents our findings.
Value of randomised controlled surgical trials
Authors: D. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We analyze more than 11,000 private placements raised in Canada between 1998 and 2004, before and after the adoption of two new rules, one extending the exemptions for private placements and the other reducing the escrow periods for restricted securities. Consistent with the findings of the Ontario Securities Commission, we observed considerable growth in the proceeds raised. However, this growth originates from funds (including financial institutions and limited partnerships). The regulation thus fails to facilitate the financing activities of small and medium sized enterprises, particularly non-reporting issuers. If the number of placements increased, the total amounts collected monthly by reporting and non-reporting issuers decreased slightly after the adoption of the new rules. <b>TOPICS:</b>Private equity, exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, developed, statistical methods