tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Living with coeliac disease
Authors: J. Bramall
Journal: BMJ (2000)

During my third year at medical school in Caridff I gradually became unwell, with depression, lethargy, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, a lack of motivation, and a general lack of wellbeing.

When I finally consulted my GP, I was told that I was anaemic and should eat a proper, balanced, healthy diet. But I had been “anaemic” for the past 12 years since regular attendance for blood donation had invariably resulted in a failed pinprick test and a full blood count, followed by a letter from my GP saying that I needed iron supplements and should eat a proper balanced diet. I had come to the conclusion that I just “ran on a low haemoglobin” and lay in the 2.5% of the population whose normal haemoglobin was below the normal range.

> Often I just turn up with my own food to make life easier 

It was my flatmate, a registrar, who suggested that my haemoglobin level was not normal and that my diet was not responsible. In the absence of blood loss, he suggested that I was …
Angiotensinogen as a risk factor for essential hypertension in Japan.
Authors: A Hata, C Namikawa, M Sasaki, K Sato, T Nakamura, K Tamura, J M Lalouel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

A common molecular variant of angiotensinogen (AGT), the precursor of the potent vasoactive hormone angiotensin II, has been incriminated as a marker for a genetic predisposition to essential hypertension in Caucasians (Jeunemaitre, X., F. Soubrier, Y. V. Kotelevtsev, R. P. Lifton, C. S. Williams, A. Charru, S. C. Hunt, P. N. Hopkins, R. R. Williams, J. M. Lalouel, and P. Corvol. 1992. Cell. 71:169-180). We now show that the same variant, T235, is associated with essential hypertension in Japanese patients. The observation of this association in a distinct, ethnically homogeneous population further substantiates an involvement of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and has physiological, epidemiological, and evolutionary implications.
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Duane W. Taebel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>The Systemic Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease,</h3> by William M. Lukash and Raymond B. Johnson, 356 pp, with illus, $15.50, Springfield, Ill, Thomas, 1974. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease as well as in its successful medical management have been frustratingly slow over the past decade or two. Major hallmarks of this era include further elucidation of possible immune mechanisms as the most likely pathogenetic factor; initial enthusiasm about the clinical ability to separate colonic involvement into either Crohn disease of the colon or chronic ulcerative colitis has waned somewhat, with many patients falling into a mixed category. Finally, recognition of cancer as a highly likely consequence of protracted ulcerative colitis has raised the disconcerting possible need to recommend prophylactic colectomy even in the patient whose disease is stable. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment regimens have remained essentially unchanged. In spite of these limited advances, clinicians
819. EGF Ligands Decrease Retroviral Gene Transfer through Protein Kinase C-delta
Authors: Raghvendra Singh, Stelios T. Andreadis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Although a lot of progress has been made in molecular design of retrovirus vectors, the interactions of recombinant retrovirus with host cells remain largely elusive. The inability of recombinant retrovirus to transduce non-dividing cells prompted several studies to determine optimal cocktails of growth factors and/or extracellular matrix molecules to promote gene transfer to slowly diving cells and in particular stem cells. In contrast to previous reports that growth factors increased gene transfer, we found that treatment of human epidermal cells with EGFR ligands i.e. EGF, TGF-a or HB-EGF decreased gene transfer in a dose dependent manner. Conversely, treatment with an EGFR function blocking antibody or inhibition of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation enhanced gene transfer in a dose dependent manner. In addition, abolishing PKC-delta but not PKC- zeta, with chemical inhibitors or siRNA reversed the effects of EGF and restored gene transfer, indicating that the effect of EGFR activation is mediated through PKC-delta. Our results implicateEGFR and PKC-delta in retroviral infection of epidermal keratinocytes and may have wide implications for retrovirus gene transfer or design of antiretroviral therapies.
Effects of case management after severe head injury
Authors: R J Greenwood, T M McMillan, D N Brooks, G Dunn, D Brock, S Dinsdale, L D Murphy, J R Price
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To examine the effects of early case management for patients with severe head injury on outcome, family function,and provision of rehabilitation services. <b>Design</b>: Prospective controlled unmatched non-randomised studyfor up to two years after injury. <b>Setting</b>: Four district general hospitals and two university teaching hospitals, each with neurosurgical units, in east central, north, and north east London and its environs. <b>Subjects</b>: 126 patients aged 16-60 recruited acutely and sequentially after severe head injury. All received standard rehabilitation services in each of20the six hospitals and districts: case management was also provided for the 56 patients admitted to three of the hospitals. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Standard measures of patients9 physical and cognitive impairment; disability and handicap; and affective, behavioural, and social functioning and of relatives9 affective and social functioning. Relatives9 perception of burden; changes in patients9 and relatives9 housing, financial, vocational, recreational, and medical needs; and ongoing requirements for care and support; and the amount and type of paramedical input provided were assessed with structured questionnaires. <b>Results</b>: For a given severity of injury, case management increased the chance and range of contact with impatient and outpatient rehabilitation services. However, duration of contact was not increased by case management, and there was no demonstrable improvement in outcome in the case managed group. Any trends were in favour of the control group and could be accounted for by group differences in initial severity of injury. <b>Conclusions</b>: Widespread introduction of early case management of patients after severe head injury20is not supported, and early case management is not a substitute for improvement in provision of skilled and specialist rehabilitation for patients.
Addison's Disease Presenting in Hypoglycaemic Coma
Authors: N. L. Gittleson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Committee of the United Birmingham Hospitals for financial assistance.APPENDIX 1. Definitions.-Post-primarypulmonary tuberculosis includes all intrapulmonary lesions regarded by us as tuber- culous except the primary complex and single calcified shadows in the lung.Significant pulmonary tuberculosis has been used in Table VI.Its meaning must vary according to the observer.We have included all post-primary tuber- culous lesions requiring any further observation or treat- ment: this, in fact, includes all lesions not entirely calcified.2. Readin' Chest X-ray Films.-(l)Mass x-ray films were read independently by us (P. A. T. and V. S. B.) and Dr. L. A.McDowell; all suspects were recalled for a large film.If this film showed post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis then the film taken before partial gastrectomy was inspected.(2) The pre-operative films of the 14 patients who subse- quently developed radiological pulmonary tuberculosis after a normal x-ray film before operation were inspected by Dr. Springett.In order to minimize the likelihood of bias he was given a pile of films containing the 14 films we regarded as normal, together with a number of other films showing minor abnormalities.Using this technique, Dr.Springett confirmed that these 14 films were normal.(3) The film of all patients whose x-ray films we classed as abnormal before operation were inspected and accepted by Dr. Springett as showing post-primary pulmonary tuber- culosis.POSTSCRIPT.-A mass x-ray survey of hospital in-patients was carried out at the Central Middlesex Hospital during 1953-4, and by courtesy of Dr. F. Pygott we show the result of this survey: only the males are quoted for comparison with Table VI.Accurate comparison of the results with those in the present survey should be cautious, because the figures were obtained in a different area and the films were interpreted by different observers.Nevertheless there is a wide discrepancy between the two prevalence rates, especi- ally in the older age groups. Age in YearsTotal No.Significant P.T.Under 25 .. ..
The Pressor Effect of Phenylpropanolamine
Authors: Paul Pentel, Mary Beth O'Connell
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  Blackburn et al 1 cite our data 2 as evidence of a controversy regarding the magnitude of effect of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) on blood pressure. We suggest that our data and those of others, including Blackburn et al, are in fact quite consistent; they support the hypothesis that PPA at usual therapeutic doses (25 mg immediate release or 75 mg sustained release) produces little increase in blood pressure but that the dose-response curve is steep. The effect of usual therapeutic doses of PPA on blood pressure of normal subjects has been well studied. Some studies, particularly those that did not measure blood pressure in the supine position, find no increase in blood pressure, 3 whereas others note a small increase from 75 mg of sustained-release PPA (5 to 6 mm Hg) 1,4 or 25 mg of immediate-release PPA (3 mm Hg). 1 Slightly higher doses of PPA
Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors
Authors: R Doll, R Peto, E Hall, K Wheatley, R Gray
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To assess the risk of death associated20with various patterns of alcohol consumption. Design - Prospective study of mortality in relation to alcohol drinking habits in 1978, with causes of death sought over the next 13 years (to 1991). <b>Subjects</b> : 12 321 British male doctors born between 1900 and 1930 (mean 1916) who replied to a postal questionnaire in 1978. Those written to in 1978 were the survivors of a long running prospective study of the effects of smoking that had begun in 195120and was still continuing. Results - Men were divided on the basis of their response to the 1978 questionnaire into two groups according to whether or not they had ever had any type of vascular disease, diabetes, or "life threatening disease" and into seven groups according to the amount of alcohol they drank. By 1991 almost a third had died. All statistical analyses of mortality were standardised for age, calendar year, and smoking habit. There was a U shaped relation between all cause mortality and the average amount of alcohol reportedly drunk; those who reported drinking 8-14 units of alcohol a week (corresponding to an average of one to two units a day) had the lowest risks. The causes of death were grouped into three main categories: "alcohol augmented" causes (6% of all deaths: cirrhosis, liver cancer, upper aerodigestive (mouth, oesophagus, larynx, and pharynx) cancer, alcoholism, poisoning, or injury), ischaemic heart disease (33% of all deaths), and other causes. The few deaths from alcohol augmented causes showed, at least among regular drinkers, a progressive trend, with the risk increasing with dose. In contrast, the many deaths from ischaemic heart disease showed no significant trend among regular drinkers, but there were significantly lower rates in regular drinkers than in non-drinkers. The aggregate of all other causes showed a U shaped dose-response relation similar to that for all cause mortality. Similar differences persisted irrespective of a history of previous disease, age (under 75 or 75 and older), and period of follow up (first five and last eight years). Some, but apparently not much, of the excess mortality in non-drinkers could be attributed to the inclusion among them of a small proportion of former drinkers. <b>Conclusion</b> : The consumption of alcohol appeared to reduce the risk of ischaemic heart disease, largely irrespective of amount. Among regular drinkers mortality from all causes combined increased progressively with amount drunk above 21 units a week. Among British men in middle or older age the consumption of an average of one or two units of alcohol a day is associated with significantly lower all cause mortality than is the consumption of no alcohol, or the consumption of substantial amounts. Above about three units (two American20units) of alcohol a day, progressively greater levels of consumption are associated with progressively higher all cause mortality.
THE ESSENTIAL OF THE ART OF MEDICINE.
Authors: J. H. MUSSER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The closing years of the eighteenth century and the early years of the nineteenth century marked an epoch in medicine as transcendent for its welfare as the events of the past decade bespeak for the glory of the medicine of the future. In that epoch was witnessed the passing of the old; the dawn of the new. A long farewell was being said to schools of medicine and systems of pathology and false methods; a timorous but cordial welcome was extended to the beginnings of that which culminated in the realism of the nineteenth century. It is true, as echoes of the past, Brunonianism, Broussaisism, the Stimolo and Contrastimolo of Rasori, and subordinate "isms" furnished exercise for the expiring idealistic intellect, and seemed to condone for the pernicious therapeutics of the early periods of this century. Although the reform period extended over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the death agony
An Atlas of Dermatology
Authors: William P. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The all new<i>Atlas of Dermatology</i>is really a fourth edition of Dr Fry's original<i>Dermatology: An Illustrated Guide</i>, completely revised and updated. The original concept of basing the text on the illustrations continues with this book. Since it is intended for medical students, primary care physicians, and emergency physicians, the emphasis is on diagnosis. It is well known among dermatologists that those who are not highly trained in this specialty often misdiagnose skin conditions. With the wrong diagnosis it is impossible to choose the proper treatment. The place of a text like this is to allow those with minimal training in dermatology to have a pictorial reference to turn to, to validate their diagnoses or at least to give them some-where to begin. The book commences with a nice section on history and examination. This, of course, is the sine qua non of diagnosis in any medical specialty.
The delayed diagnosis of myocardial infarction: it took half a century!
Authors: W B Fye
Journal: Circulation (1985)

IN 1940 the physiologist Carl Wiggers claimed, "De- layed recognition of important physiological discover- ies frequently continues untenable and wrong points of view.. .Greater mutual efforts ought to be made by clinicians and physiologists for better dissemination, digestion and absorption of important physiological discoveries."1lAlthough angina pectoris had been de- scribed by William Heberden in the 18th century, and some 19th century physicians recognized an associ- ation between this symptom and sclerosis of the coro- nary arteries found at autopsy, the syndrome of acute myocardial infarction was not recognized until the 20th century.2-5The "wrong point of view" that led to the long delay in the recognition of acute myocardial infarction was the belief that sudden coronary occlu- sion was invariably fatal.This view predominated un- til 1912 when James Herrick proposed that myocardial infarction in man was not always fatal and could be recognized during life.Additional factors that contrib- uted to this delay included: (1) the inconstant relation- ship of symptoms to pathological findings in ischemic heart disease, (2) the excessive reliance on ausculta- tion as an indicator of cardiac disease, (3) the failure to routinely examine the coronary arteries or the myocar- dium at autopsy, (4) the reluctance or tardiness of clinicians to incorporate new pathophysiologic discov- eries into medical practice, (5) a willingness to accept theories of disease without scientific evidence to sup- port them, (6) the preoccupation with the new field of bacteriology, which distracted clinicians and biomedi- cal scientists from the more traditional organ-centered approach to disease, and (7) the lack of any diagnostic techniques with which to objectively identify coronary
Synthesis and properties of amphiphilic networks 2: a differential scanning calorimetric study of poly(dodecyl methacrylate-stat-2,3 propandiol-1-methacrylate-stat-ethandiol dimethacrylate) networks and adhesion and spreading of dermal fibroblasts on these materials
Authors: R. Haigh, N. Fullwood, S. Rimmer
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Systemic Therapy for Psoriasis and the Risk of Herpes Zoster
Authors: Guy Shalom, Devy Zisman, Haim Bitterman, Ilana Harman-Boehm, Sari Greenberg-Dotan, Jacob Dreiher, Ilan Feldhamer, Hadas Moser, Ariel Hammerman, Yoram Cohen, Arnon D. Cohen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

The risk for herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with psoriasis treated with biologic medications or other systemic treatments has been given little attention to date.To describe the risk for HZ in patients with psoriasis and its relation to treatment.A cohort study was performed using the administrative database of Clalit Health Services, the largest public health care provider organization in Israel, in the setting of general community clinics, primary care and referral centers, and ambulatory and hospitalized care. We extracted information for all patients who received a psoriasis diagnosis from January 2002 to June 2013. Follow-up was conducted until the end of July 2013. The study included 95,941 patients with psoriasis in the analysis, with 522,616 person-years of follow-up. Incidence of HZ events was calculated for each systemic antipsoriatic medication provided, during a follow-up period of 11 years and 7 months. We used a generalized estimating equation Poisson regression model to examine the effect of each systemic treatment for psoriasis on HZ incidence, adjusting for age, sex, psoriasis severity, Charlson comorbidity index, steroid treatment, and socioeconomic status.Incidence of HZ associated with systemic therapies.In a multivariate analysis, it was observed that treatment with phototherapy (rate ratio [RR], 1.09 [95% CI, 0.62-1.93]; P = .99), methotrexate (RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.78-1.23]; P = .83), cyclosporine (RR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.48-2.80]; P = .49), and biologic medications as a single agent (RR, 2.67 [95% CI, 0.69-10.3]; P = .14) was not associated with HZ. The use of combination treatment with biologic medications and methotrexate was significantly associated with an increased incidence of HZ (RR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.08-2.57]; P = .02). The use of acitritin was associated with decreased incidence of HZ (RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.49-0.97]; P = .004).Physicians may need to consider offering an HZ preventive vaccine to patients receiving combination treatment with biologic medications and methotrexate, particularly if they have additional risk factors for HZ.
Septic shock after liver transplantation for Caroli's disease: clinical improvement after treatment with C1-esterase inhibitor
Authors: G. Marx, B. Nashan, M. Cobas Meyer, B. Vangerow, H. J. Schlitt, S. Ziesing, M. Leuwer, S. Piepenbrock, H. Rueckoldt
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1999)
Electrophysiological and Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Focal Atrial Tachycardia Originating From the Pulmonary Veins
Authors: Peter M. Kistler, Prashanthan Sanders, Simon P. Fynn, Irene H. Stevenson, Azlan Hussin, Jitendra K. Vohra, Paul B. Sparks, Jonathan M. Kalman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The objective of this study was to describe the electrophysiological characteristics, anatomic distribution, and long-term outcome after focal ablation (RFA) of pulmonary vein (PV) atrial tachycardia (AT). Both atrial fibrillation (AF) and AT may be due to a rapidly firing focus in the PVs. Whether these represent two aspects of the same process is unknown.Twenty-seven patients with 28 PV(16%) ATs of a consecutive series of 172 undergoing RFA for focal AT are reported. The mean age was 39+/-16 years, with symptoms for 9+/-14 years resistant to 1.7+/-0.8 medications. AT occurred spontaneously or with isoproterenol in all patients and was not inducible with PES in any. The distribution of PV ATs was right superior PV, 11; left superior PV, 11; left inferior PV, 5; and right inferior PV, 1; 26of 28 foci (93%) were ostial. RFA was successful in 28 of 28 PV ATs acutely. RFA was focal in 25 of 28, with PV isolation of a single target vein in 3. There were 4 recurrences at a mean of 3.3 months. Repeat RFA was performed in all 4 and successful in 3 of 4. All but one recurrence occurred from the same site. Long-term success was achieved in 26 of 27 (96%) patients at mean follow-up of 25+/-22 months. No patients have had subsequent development of AF or AT from a different site.PV AT has a distribution similar to PV AF, with a propensity to upper veins. However, the majority of foci are ostial, and only a small percentage occur from deep in the PV. Focal RFA is associated with high long-term success, with freedom from both AT from other sites and from AF. PV AT is a localized process and therefore may be different from PV AF.
Single nucleotide polymorphism-mediated translational suppression of endoplasmic reticulum mannosidase I modifies the onset of end-stage liver disease in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Shujuan Pan, Lu Huang, John McPherson, Donna Muzny, Farshid Rouhani, Mark Brantly, Richard Gibbs, Richard N. Sifers
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Inappropriate accumulation of the misfolded Z variant of alpha1-antitrypsin in the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a risk factor for the development of end-stage liver disease. However, the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its etiology are poorly understood. ER mannosidase I (ERManI) is a quality control factor that plays a critical role in the sorting and targeting of misfolded glycoproteins for proteasome-mediated degradation. In this study, we tested whether genetic variations in the human ERManI gene influence the age at onset of end-stage liver disease in patients homozygous for the Z allele (ZZ). We sequenced all 13 exons in a group of unrelated Caucasian ZZ transplant recipients with different age at onset of the end-stage liver disease. Homozygosity for the minor A allele at 2484G/A (refSNP ID number rs4567) in the 3′-untranslated region was prevalent in the infant ZZ patients. Functional studies indicated that rs4567(A), but not rs4567(G), suppresses ERManI translation under ER stress conditions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the identified single-nucleotide polymorphism can accelerate the onset of the end-stage liver disease associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and underscore the contribution of biosynthetic quality control as a modifier of genetic disease. (Hepatology 2009.)
PERCUTANEOUS VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK IS NOT ENOUGH
Authors: Itsik Ben-Dor, Nicholas N. Hanna, Casey Benton, Michael Mahmoudi, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Joseph Lindsay, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Arlene Forastiere, Wayne Koch, Andrew Trotti, David Sidransky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Head and neck cancers include neoplasms of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. The risk of these cancers is strongly associated with smoking and alcohol ingestion. There have been important advances in understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and progression of head and neck cancer and also in approaches to therapy, which include innovations in surgery, radiation therapy, and cytotoxic-drug therapy.