tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Timothy F. Murphy, Aimee L. Brauer, Brydon J. B. Grant, Sanjay Sethi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Moraxella catarrhalis is frequently present in the sputum of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Little is known about the role of M. catarrhalis in this common disease.To elucidate the burden of disease, the dynamics of carriage, and immune responses to M. catarrhalis in COPD.Prospective cohort study of 104 adults with COPD in an outpatient clinic at the Buffalo Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Clinical information, sputum cultures, molecular typing of isolates, and immunoassays to measure antibodies to M. catarrhalis.Over 81 months, 104 patients made 3,009 clinic visits, 560 during exacerbations. Molecular typing identified 120 episodes of acquisition and clearance of M. catarrhalis in 50 patients; 57 (47.5%) of the acquisitions were associated with clinical exacerbations. No instances of simultaneous acquisition of a new strain of another pathogen were observed. The duration of carriage of M. catarrhalis was shorter with exacerbations compared with asymptomatic colonization (median, 31.0 vs. 40.4 days; p = 0.01). Reacquisition of the same strain was rare. The intensity of the serum IgG response was greater after exacerbations than asymptomatic colonization (p = 0.009). Asymptomatic colonization was associated with a greater frequency of a sputum IgA response than exacerbation (p = 0.009).M. catarrhalis likely causes approximately 10% of exacerbations of COPD, accounting for approximately 2 to 4 million episodes annually. The organism is cleared efficiently after a short duration of carriage. Patients develop strain-specific protection after clearance of M. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract.
Long-term remission of Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from matched sibling donors: a 20-year experience with the fractionated total body irradiation–etoposide regimen
Authors: Ginna G. Laport, Joseph C. Alvarnas, Joycelynne M. Palmer, David S. Snyder, Marilyn L. Slovak, Athena M. Cherry, Ruby M. Wong, Robert S. Negrin, Karl G. Blume, Stephen J. Forman
Journal: Blood (2008)
Effect of Coronary Artery Embolization on Ventricular Volumes
Authors: MAYLENE WONG, EDGARDO E. ESCOBAR, GILBERTO MARTINEZ, ELLIOT RAPAPORT
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

The progressive changes in ventricular volumes and pressures created by repeated coronary artery embolizations with lycopodium spores were studied in fifteen intact dogs. In eight of the animals SV increased over control values following the initial embolization. Subsequent embolizations produced a pronounced decrease in SV and SW, an enlarged EDV, and a high ESV/EDV ratio. Left ventricular systolic pressure fell as EDP rose. The progressive increase observed in the ESV/EDV ratio between successive embolizations was the most sensitive functional expression of the deteriorating myocardial performance.
Bush's AIDS plan criticised for emphasising abstinence and forbidding condoms
Authors: Robert Walgate
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A field study to be published later this year of George Bush's new AIDS plan known as the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief will say that Africans are calling the plan “unethical” for its refusal to support condom distribution and for imposing other restrictions. The plan was announced in January 2003 and is allocating $15bn (£8bn; €12bn) to fight AIDS over five years.

The field study, carried out by the Center for Health and Gender Equity, an international reproductive health and rights organisation based in Takoma Park, Maryland, will also claim that the operational strategies in most countries are being set “almost entirely” by US officers without involving those community groups most experienced in AIDS. Local groups are being recruited, but …
Review: Statins do not reduce mortality in patients with no history of cardiovascular disease
Authors: David J. Maron
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Erqou S, et al. Statins and all-cause mortality in high-risk primary prevention: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 65, 229 participants. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1024-31. 20585067
Effect of Alpha-receptor Blocking Drugs and Disodium Cromoglycate on Histamine Hypersensitivity in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: J. W. Kerr, M. Govindaraj, K. R. Patel
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Twenty patients with extrinsic type bronchial asthma are shown to have a significant fall in vital capacity (V.C.) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (F.E.V.<sub>1</sub>) after an intravenous infusion of 50μg. of histamine dihydrochloride. In 10 of these subjects the fall in V.C. and F.E.V.<sub>1</sub> produced by intravenous histamine is inhibited by the alpha-receptor blocking drugs phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine injected before the histamine test. The inhalation of disodium cromoglycate in 10 subjects is also shown to inhibit the fall in V.C. and F.E.V.<sub>1</sub> produced by the intravenous infusion of histamine. It is suggested that bronchial smooth muscle in asthmatic subjects has alpha-adrenergic receptor sites, and that a possible mechanism for the action of disodium cromoglycate is that it stabilizes the cell membrane, thereby altering calcium ion transport.
The Use of Claims Data to Evaluate Health Care-Reply
Authors: Noralou Roos
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Bell and Krikke suggest that investigators using claims data for evaluating health care outcomes should be careful to recognize the limitations of their data. We agree. In the case of outcomes for prostatectomy, we found the claims data were quite useful for measuring mortality and readmissions to the hospital as well as untoward outcomes defined by specific events such as death or reoperation, the development of postoperative urethral strictures requiring treatment, and subsequent diagnostic interventions. Claims data are not useful for measuring symptoms and events, such as impotence and incontinence, that are not necessarily associated with specific interventions. We recommend direct patient interviews as the best way of obtaining information on these outcomes.<sup>1</sup> The reason for keeping detailed records of procedures such as a prostatectomy, a cystoscopic examination, or a urethral dilatation is so that physicians and hospitals can be paid for what they do. Fraudulent
Abnormalities in intramyocardial arteries detected in cardiac transplant biopsy specimens and lack of correlation with abnormal intracoronary ultrasound or endothelial dysfunction in large epicardial coronary arteries
Authors: Nadine Clausell, Jagdish Butany, Silvana Molossi, Eva Lonn, Peter Gladstone, Marlene Rabinovitch, Paul A. Daly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Quality Assessment in Hypertension: Analysis of Process and Outcome Methods
Authors: Fred T. Nobrega, George W. Morrow, Robert K. Smoldt, Kenneth P. Offord
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Abstract Despite efforts to develop methods for measuring the quality of medical care, no satisfactory mechanism has been established. Our study, using hypertension as a clinical model, evaluated process and outcomes separately and then compared the two. Physician adherence to an extensive process list varied substantially from established criteria. No statistically significant association was detected between process and outcome. Regression analysis examined the relation between outcome diastolic pressure and 12 predictive variables that included patient satisfaction and social class. The only statistically significant variables (P<0.05) related to outcome blood pressure were age, initial blood pressure and weight. The inability to identify a relation between various process items and outcome suggests that, in determining a successful outcome for hypertensive patients, the selective use of process by the physician may be more effective than adherence to a rigid criteria list. (N Engl J Med 296:145–148, 1977)
An association between HLA DR1 and lichen planus
Authors: F.C. POWELL, R.S. ROGERS, E.R. DICKSON, S.BREANNDAN MOORE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article An association between HLA DR1 and lichen planus Get access F.C. POWELL, F.C. POWELL Departments of Dermatology and Gastroenterology, The Blood Bank and Transfusion Service, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A. Dr F.C.Powell, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.S. ROGERS, R.S. ROGERS Departments of Dermatology and Gastroenterology, The Blood Bank and Transfusion Service, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.R. DICKSON, E.R. DICKSON Departments of Dermatology and Gastroenterology, The Blood Bank and Transfusion Service, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.BREANNDAN MOORE S.BREANNDAN MOORE Departments of Dermatology and Gastroenterology, The Blood Bank and Transfusion Service, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 4, 1 April 1986, Pages 473–478, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02852.x Published: 01 April 1986 Article history Accepted: 14 October 1985 Published: 01 April 1986
Some reactions and properties of nitro radical-anions important in biology and medicine.
Authors: P Wardman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Nitroaromatic compounds, ArNO2 have widespread actual or potential use in medicine and cancer therapy. There is direct proof that free-radical metabolites are involved in many applications, and an appreciation of the conceptual basis for their therapeutic differential; however, an understanding of the detailed mechanisms involved is lacking. Redox properties control most biological responses of nitro compounds, and the characteristics of the one-electron couple: ArNO2/ArNO2- are detailed. The
Academic Standards in Medical Schools
Authors: Bernard D. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Since the consumer is particularly blind in purchasing medical care, and his vital interests are often at stake, those who are in a position to screen for aptitude and competence in medicine have a grave moral responsibility. In accepting this responsibility medical faculties have always taken into account qualities of character and motivation as well as scientific ability and knowledge. In addition, in recent years we have finally begun also to take into account long ignored social needs. But no one of these sets of qualifications can compensate for a gross deficiency in another. In particular, as the practice of . . .
Secretory meningiomas: A benign subgroup causing life-threatening complications
Authors: Jan Regelsberger, Christian Hagel, Pedram Emami, Thorsten Ries, Oliver Heese, Manfred Westphal
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

While meningiomas are known as slow-growing extracerebral neoplasms, the subgroup of secretory meningiomas with histologically benign characteristics tend to cause disproportional peritumoral edema, frequently leading to severe medical and neurological complications in postoperative management. Among 1,484 meningiomas that were resected at our institution between 1990 and 2007, 44 (3%) patients were found to have the histological diagnosis of a secretory meningioma. The clinical course, radiological appearance, and histopathological features were retrospectively analyzed to examine the specifics of these benign lesions. Meningiomas were located at the convexity (n = 14), the cranial base (18), and the sphenoid ridge (12). A severe, nearly hemispheric perifocal edema disproportional to tumor size was seen on preoperative MR imaging in 18 (41%) patients. Following surgical resection, the postoperative course was uneventful in 29 patients. In 15 patients, severe peritumoral edema continued or even increased on postoperative CT imaging. Six patients showed midline shift and clinical worsening necessitating respirator-assisted ventilation and intracranial pressure monitoring. An association between the extent of brain edema and number of periodic acid Schiff-positive pseudopsammomas was found (p < 0.02). Further, the size of the edema correlated with the number of immunohistochemically detected cells expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin (CK) (p < 0.01). Mean MIB-1 (Ki-67 antigen) proliferation index was 3.0% (range, 0%-17%) and did not correlate with edema or tumor recurrence. Secretory meningiomas are frequently associated with severe peritumoral edema. The extent of edema correlates with immunohistochemically detected expression of CEA and CK. Extended perifocal edema in meningiomas is an unusual finding and should alert the neurosurgeon that surgery may aggravate edema excessively, leading to a life-threatening postoperative situation.
A CASE OF COINCIDENT DIPHTHERIA AND VINCENT'S ANGINA
Authors: Robb Spalding Spray
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This case came to the attention of the city laboratory, and is of interest in emphasizing the value of laboratory examinations, as well as in pointing out the fallacy of diagnosing oral membranes from their visible character, or by direct microscopic examination alone from throat swabs. A married woman, with one young child, was seen by her physician on a Tuesday; the symptoms were obscure. Sunday, a whitish, albuminous membrane was observed. She was examined at this time by four physicians, whose opinions were evenly divided as to whether the membrane was that of diphtheria or of Vincent's angina. A swab was submitted to the city laboratory, where direct microscopic examination revealed myriads of spirochetes and fusiform bacilli. An immediate report of Vincent's angina was made. On the following day, however, the cultures showed a very profuse growth, almost in pure culture, of diphtheria bacilli of the slender, granular type.
Gene Therapy — Still a Work in Clinical and Regulatory Progress
Authors: Elizabeth L. Hohmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In this issue of the Journal, Frank and colleagues present the case history and autopsy results of a widely publicized death in the summer of 2007 of a young woman who was taking part in a Phase 1–2 gene-therapy study of rheumatoid arthritis.1 Although the patient's death was initially attributed by some to the intraarticular gene therapy, because of a striking temporal association, the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector appears now to be exonerated. The death is most reasonably attributed to disseminated, recrudescent infection with Histoplasma capsulatum, an environmental fungus that is present primarily, but not exclusively, in the midwestern United . . .
Oxidized phospholipids stimulate tissue factor expression in human endothelial cells via activation of ERK/EGR-1 and Ca++/NFAT
Authors: Valery N. Bochkov, Diana Mechtcheriakova, Marcus Lucerna, Joakim Huber, Roland Malli, Wolfgang F. Graier, Erhard Hofer, Bernd R. Binder, Norbert Leitinger
Journal: Blood (2002)
Perforin polymorphism A91V and susceptibility to B-precursor childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: P A Mehta, S M Davies, A Kumar, M Devidas, S Lee, T Zamzow, J Elliott, J Villanueva, J Pullen, Y Zewge, A Filipovich
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
SC-26 * CD57 DEFINES A NOVEL MAKER OF GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS THAT HAVE GREATER INVASIVE POTENTIAL THAN CD133+ TUMOR CELLS
Authors: L. Qi, Y. Huang, M. Kogiso, H. Mao, H. Lindsay, P. Baxter, J. Su, L. Perlaky, C. Lau, M. Chintagumpala, X.-N. Li
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Diffuse invasion into normal brain is one of the hallmark features that make GBM difficult to treat. Due to the lack of biologically accurate invasive GBM cells from patients, most of the existing studies on GBM invasion were conducted in surgical samples that were primarily tumor core tissues. Although cancer stem cells are critical in tumor initiation and therapy-resistance, their role in GBM invasion has not been well understood. To identify the cancer stem cell subpopulations that drive GBM invasion, To solve we utilized a panel of 7 (6 pediatric and 1 adult) patient tumor-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models to isolate matched pairs of invasive GBM cells (from the "normal" mouse brains) and tumor core GBM cells and directly compared their stem cell features. The invasive cells exhibited stronger neurosphere forming efficiency in vitro and displayed higher tumorigenic capacity in vivo (particularly at 100 cells/mouse). A systemic screening of putative cancer stem cell markers (CD133, CD15, CD24/CD44, CD57 and CD117) showed that GBM cells in the invasive front were enriched with CD57+ cells (>2 folds than the tumor core), and most of them were CD57+ CD133-. Direct implantation of FACS purified CD57 + /CD133- cells (100 - 10,000 per mouse) into the brains of NOD/SCID mice confirmed their tumor forming capacity in vivo. We also showed that CD57+ cells expressed high levels of self-renewal genes and tend to stay in G0/G1 phases. Additionally, we found that CD133+ cells were frequently dual-positive with CD57 (CD33 + CD57+) both in the xenograft tumors and in patient GBMs. In conclusion, we identified CD57 as a novel GBM stem cell marker and showed that CD57+ GBM cells are particular enriched in the invasive front of GBMs. Our findings suggest that new anti-invasion therapies should be developed to target CD57+ cells in addition to CD133+ cells.
Segmental Analysis of Color Kinesis Images
Authors: Victor Mor-Avi, Philippe Vignon, Rick Koch, Lynn Weinert, Maria J. Garcia, Kirk T. Spencer, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We describe a method for objective assessment of left ventricular (LV) endocardial wall motion based on Color Kinesis, a new echocardiographic technique that color-encodes pixel transitions between blood and myocardial tissue. Methods and Results We developed a software that analyzes Color Kinesis images and provides quantitative indices of magnitude and timing of regional endocardial motion. Images obtained in 12 normal subjects were used to evaluate the variability in each index. Esmolol, dobutamine, and atropine were used to track variations in LV function in 14 subjects. Objective evaluation of wall motion was tested in 20 patients undergoing dobutamine stress testing. Regional fractional area change, displacement, and radial shortening were displayed as histograms and time curves. Global function was assessed by calculating magnitude and timing of peak ejection or filling rates and mean time of ejection or filling. Patterns of endocardial motion were consistent between normal subjects. Fractional area change and peak ejection rate decreased with esmolol and increased with dobutamine. Time to peak ejection and mean time of contraction were prolonged with esmolol and shortened with dobutamine. Using atropine, we proved that our findings with dobutamine were not secondary to its chronotropic effects. Dobutamine induced regional wall motion abnormalities in 10 patients in 38 segments diagnosed conventionally. Segmental analysis detected abnormalities in 36 of these 38 segments and in an additional 5 of 322 segments. Conclusions Analysis of Color Kinesis images allows fast, objective, and automated evaluation of regional wall motion sensitively enough to evaluate clinical dobutamine stress data. This method has significant potential in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia.
Usp28 Counteracts Fbw7 in Intestinal Homeostasis and Cancer
Authors: Markus E. Diefenbacher, Atanu Chakraborty, Sophia M. Blake, Richard Mitter, Nikita Popov, Martin Eilers, Axel Behrens
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The stability of several oncoproteins, including c-Myc, is regulated by ubiquitin-dependent degradation mediated by the SCF(Fbw7) ubiquitin ligase. This activity is antagonized by the deubiquitinase Usp28, which is highly expressed in murine and human intestinal cancers. Usp28 was previously shown to interact with its substrates via a “piggyback” interaction with Fbw7, which suggested that Fbw7 is required for Usp28 activity. Unexpectedly, we found that genetic deletion of Usp28 rescued the lethality of Fbw7-deficient primary fibroblasts. Moreover, Usp28 inactivation in the intestine (Usp28ΔIEC) ameliorated the hyperproliferation and the impaired goblet and Paneth cell differentiation observed in Fbw7ΔIEC mice. The aggressive intestinal tumor formation of APCMin/+; Fbw7ΔIEC mice was restrained when Usp28 was inactivated concomitantly. In both fibroblasts and intestinal cells, Usp28 deficiency corrected the accumulation of SCF(Fbw7) substrate proteins, including NICD1, c-Jun, and c-Myc. These findings suggested that Usp28 function does not depend on the presence of Fbw7, but instead independently recognizes and deubiquitylates the same substrates as SCF(Fbw7). Fbw7 binds to a phosphorylated motif termed the phosphodegron and we found that Usp28 also interacted with this same motif, but only when it is unphosphorylated, offering a mechanistic explanation for identical substrate selection by Fbw7 and Usp28. Our results indicate an unusually direct antagonism between an E3 ligase and a deubiquitinase, Fbw7 and Usp28, in modulating intestinal homeostasis and cancer. Cancer Res; 75(7); 1181–6. ©2015 AACR.
Book Review The Antiphospholipid Syndrome Edited by Ronald A. Asherson, Ricard Cervera, Jean-Charles Piette, and Yehuda Shoenfeld. 339 pp., illustrated. Boca Raton, Fla., CRC Press, 1996. $149.95. 0-8493-9423-6
Authors: Jeffrey Ginsberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)
Pets—pleasures and problems
Authors: Richard Mayon-White
Journal: BMJ (2005)

avoiding medical care through fear of being admitted to hospital or residential care as this often means giving up a pet.w6 The loss of a pet may be particularly distressing for owners if it was linked with a deceased spouse or if it offered companionship or social contact with people. 18or these reasons many people may appreciate help and advice on how to manage a pet in the event of a health problem in the family.Animal welfare organisations cite allergies and the fear of zoonoses as common reasons for people giving up their pets.Yet in some cases this may not be necessary.Research from the University of West Virginia shows that simple, day to day hygiene and pet care can reduce allergic reactions by up to 95%. 3 A recent review of pets in nursing homes provides a comprehensive list of potential health problems and steps that can be taken to avoid these. 19eople do not own pets specifically to enhance their health, rather they value the relationship and the contribution their pet makes to their quality of life. 20Greater understanding among health professionals is needed to assure people that they do not need to choose between pet ownership and compliance with health advice.