tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Red Wine Inhibits Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Expression and Modestly Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits
Authors: An-Ning Feng, Yuh-Lien Chen, Ya-Ting Chen, Yaw-Zon Ding, Shing-Jong Lin
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Wine consumption decreases the risk of myocardial infarction. Intimal hyperplasia contributes to restenosis after angioplasty. Local ethanol delivery inhibits intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury in rabbit iliac and pig coronary arteries. The effects of wine consumption on intimal response and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression were studied in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Methods and Results —Male rabbits were fed a 2% cholesterol diet together with red wine (12.5% vol, 5 mL/kg body wt per day; n=7), white wine (13.3% vol, 5 mL/kg body wt per day; n=7), or no wine as a control (n=8) for 6 weeks. A balloon injury of the abdominal aorta was performed at the end of the third week. Abdominal aortas were harvested at the end of 6 weeks. Neointimal hyperplasia was measured morphometrically. MCP-1 expression was determined by Northern blot, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Rabbits fed red wine had significantly less neointimal hyperplasia than did control rabbits (intima/media area ratio 0.59±0.05 [red wine group] versus 0.79±0.07 [control group], P &lt;0.05). However, rabbits fed white wine showed a trend (but not significant) toward less intimal response compared with control rabbits (intima/media area ratio 0.65±0.04 [white wine group] versus 0.79±0.07 [control group], P =0.165). Both red wine and white wine significantly reduced MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression in the aorta. Conclusions —Long-term consumption of red wine and white wine inhibits MCP-1 expression, and in the small number of animals studied, red wine modestly reduces neointimal hyperplasia. Since red wine exhibits higher antioxidant capacity than does white wine, the decreased intimal response might be partly attributed to its antioxidant effects.
Reciprocal Fusions of Two Genes in the Formaldehyde Detoxification Pathway in Ciliates and Diatoms
Authors: Nicholas A. Stover, André R. O. Cavalcanti, Anya J. Li, Brian C. Richardson, Laura F. Landweber
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

During the course of a pilot genome project for the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax, we discovered a fusion gene never before described in any taxa. This gene, FSF1, encodes a putative fusion protein comprising an entire formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) homolog at one end and an S-formylglutathione hydrolase (SFGH) homolog at the other, two proteins that catalyze serial steps in the formaldehyde detoxification pathway. We confirmed the presence of the Oxytricha fusion gene in vivo and detected transcripts of the full-length fusion gene. A survey of other large-scale sequencing projects revealed a similar fusion protein in a distantly related ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, and a possible fusion of these two genes in the diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana, but in the reverse order, with the SFGH domain encoded upstream of the FALDH domain. Orthologs of these fusion proteins may be widespread within the ciliates and diatoms.
The Treatment of Hemangiomas in Children
Authors: J. Ernest Breed
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Exception must be taken with the premise of the authors in the article on "Cutaneous Hemangiomas in Children" published inThe Journal(<b>194</b>:523, 1965) which states that "hemangiomas in infants and children are managed best by intelligent neglect." I speak from long experience, having attended more than 1,000 patients with angiomata in the past 30 years. Most of these patients were treated with radium. It is true the defense mechanisms in many patients will eventually gain the upper hand and destroy an angioma. On the other hand, an angioma may grow rapidly and continuously, defying the reaction in adjacent tissues. The purpose of treatment is not to destroy the growth by irradiation but to stop the growth, permitting the body defenses to eradicate it. I agree that destructive measures, such as freezing, injections, or surgery, have no place in therapy. However, in my experience, sloughing and
Complex mixtures in industrial workspaces: lessons for indoor air quality evaluations.
Authors: B E Lippy, R W Turner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Acceptable occupational exposure levels for hundreds of airborne concentrations of dusts, vapors, fumes, and gases have been set by consensus organizations and regulatory bodies for decades. These levels have established tremendous precedent and are tempting reference values in the relatively new field of indoor air quality evaluations where validated criteria are greatly needed. The American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has been the most visible and productive group setting these guidelines for industrial exposure. The ACGIH Chemical Substances Committee has published an annual list of threshold limit values (TLVs) for more than 40 years. Currently the list covers more than 400 substances. In 1989, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published updated permissible exposure limits (PELs) for approximately 600 substances. Most PELs before this update were adopted from the 1968 ACGIH list of TLVs and consensus standards of the American Standards Association. This OSHA update has resulted in reductions of 212 PELs and the addition of 164 new levels. The magnitude of the problem of protecting workers can be seen by the small fraction that the OSHA PELs represent of the more than 60,000 entries in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. None of these levels, whether guidelines or regulatory requirements, are established based on any possible synergistic effect with other chemicals. The only guidance given by the ACGIH for synergistic effects is that such cases must be determined individually. Clearly, there are major drawbacks in using occupational standards and guidelines for evaluating the health effects of chemical agents that can be found in office settings, often in concentrations orders of magnitude less than what is routinely measured in the workplace. These guidelines are even less valuable when the concern is the complex mixing of chemicals in nonoccupational environments.
Abstract A31: Predictive and prognostic value of KRAS mutations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Wouter W. Mellema, Anne-Marie C. Dingemans, Egbert F. Smit, Jules Derks, Daniëlle A.M. Heideman, Robertjan van Suylen, Frederik B. Thunnissen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: K-Ras mutation is thought to be related with poor outcome of NSCLC patients with an advanced stage of disease. The role of K-Ras mutation as a predictor of response for these patients treated only with chemotherapy is poorly understood. Patients and methods: From a retrospective database from 2 university hospitals all patients with advanced stage, nonsquamous, NSCLC treated with palliative platinum containing chemotherapy were selected. Patients were included when archive tumour tissue was available for DNA extraction. High resolution melting followed by PCR sequencing was performed for KRAS exon1 and 2. Response to treatment was assessed by RECIST. The databases were matched by treatment. Results: A total of 179 patients were included in this study. All patients were treated with chemotherapy and were no candidate for treatment with curative intent. There were 59 patients with a K-Ras mutation (32.9%). There was no significant difference in basic characteristics between the group with a K-Ras mutation and the group with K-Ras wild-type. Mean age 59 years (range 32–83 years), 108 males and 71 females. ECOG performance score 0/1/2/3 73/77/13/2. Thirty patients with stage IIIb disease, 149 patients with stage IV disease. Progression as best response to treatment was reported in 21/59 patients with a K-ras mutation (35.6%) and 34/120 patients (28.3%) with a K-Ras wild type, this was not significant (p=0.611). The median progression free survival (PFS) in the group with a K-Ras mutation was 4.1 months (95% CI 3.12–5.0 months) compared to 5.4 months (95% CI 4.4–6.4 months) in patients with K-Ras wild type (p=0.202). The overall survival (OS) in the group with a K-Ras mutation, was 8.3 months (95% CI 5.2–11.4 months) compared to 12.5 months (95% CI 10.2–14–7 months) in patients with K-Ras wild type (p=0.037). Conclusion: In our series K-Ras mutation was not predictive for response to platinum containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. K-Ras mutational status was prognostic for overall survival.
Physicians and the Economics of Practice
Authors: Charles E. Andrews
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 December 1988Physicians and the Economics of PracticeCharles E. Andrews Jr., MDCharles E. Andrews Jr., MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-12-995 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Povar and Moreno's article (1)on health maintenance organizations (HMOs) was sheer misrepresentation, hyperbole, and bias. This article would have been justified only if it were an editorial. I fail to see how this article passed critical review.The article misrepresented reality by defending HMOs on the basis of the "staff model," which, in reality, is the model for only a minority of operating HMOs. By their own admission, the authors state that the "independent practice model" is much harder to defend and is fraught with ethical pitfalls. Yet, this model is by far the most prevalent one...References1. PovarMoreno GJ. Hippocrates and the health maintenance organization: a discussion of ethical issues. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:419-24. LinkGoogle Scholar1. HimmelsteinWoolhandler DS. The corporate compromise: a Marxist view of health maintenance organizations and prospective payment. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:494-501. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BloomKissick BW. Marxism, the theory of complementarity, and medical care. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:446-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Graner J. The primary care crisis. II: Physician as laborer. Humane Med. 1987;3:20-5. Google Scholar4. Smith A. Of the accumulation of capital, or of productive and unproductive labour. In: Smith A. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. New York: P.F. Collier & Son Corp.; 1937:258-77. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: West Fort Worth Dialysis Center Fort Worth, TX 76109 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1988Volume 109, Issue 12Page: 995-996KeywordsHealth economicsHealth maintenance organizations Issue Published: 15 December 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
We should push for evidence based sentencing in criminal justice
Authors: Sheila M Bird, Ben Goldacre, John Strang
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Formal experiments are underused in criminal justice.Disposals matter.Are they effective?And how much do they cost for what they deliver?Good intentions are not evidence of effectiveness.1 2 The same standards of evidence1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 should apply for judges prescribing a sentence as for doctors prescribing drugs.Given the benefits of good quality research, and the cost of ignoring it, health scientists should advocate for randomised controlled trials in the criminal justice system and confront common objections.
Hospital Characteristics Associated With the Management of Pediatric Splenic Injuries
Authors: Stephen M. Bowman, Frederick J. Zimmerman, Dimitri A. Christakis, Sam R. Sharar, Diane P. Martin
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Despite evidence that more than 90% of children with traumatic injuries to the spleen can be successfully managed nonoperatively, there is significant variation in the use of splenectomy. As asplenic children are at increased risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection, nonoperative management may be considered a quality of care indicator.To test the hypothesis that children are more likely to undergo splenectomy in general hospitals than in children's hospitals.Retrospective cohort study using data from the Kid's Inpatient Database (KID) for the year 2000. Multivariable regression was used to control for patient and hospital characteristics.All children aged 0 to 16 years who were hospitalized with a traumatic (noniatrogenic) spleen injury in nonfederal short-stay hospitals in any of the 27 states participating in KID (N = 2851).Splenectomy performed within 1 day of arrival.A total of 11 children (3%) with splenic injuries receiving care at children's hospitals underwent splenectomy compared with 383 children (15.4%) cared for at general hospitals (P<.001). After adjusting for patient characteristics, injury severity, and hospital characteristics, splenectomy was more likely among children treated at general hospitals (odds ratio, 5.01; 95% confidence interval, 2.21-11.36) than among children treated at children's hospitals.There is considerable variation in the management of pediatric splenic injuries, with significantly lower rates of splenectomy at designated children's hospitals. Quality improvement interventions, including increased education and training for physicians in general hospitals, may be needed to increase the use of spleen-conserving management practices.
Binding and internalization of interleukin 1 by T cells. Direct evidence for high- and low-affinity classes of interleukin 1 receptor.
Authors: J W Lowenthal, H R MacDonald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

In this report we describe, on the basis of direct IL-1 binding assays and IL-1 internalization studies, the existence of two classes of IL-1-R on a variety of T cell types. Cells of the EL4-6.1 thymoma express large numbers (approximately 20,000 per cell) of IL-1-R that have a Kd of approximately 300 pM for IL-1. Even though these receptors make up 98-99% of the total IL-1-R per cell, they appear to be nonfunctional, based on their inability to endocytose IL-1. A minor class of IL-1-R (200-400/cell) has an approximately 100-fold higher affinity for IL-1 (Kd, approximately 5 pM) and can rapidly internalize the ligand upon binding. All of the biological activity of IL-1 can be shown to occur via binding to high-affinity IL-1-R since the IL-1 concentration giving half-maximum biological activity in EL4-6.1 cells corresponds precisely to the Kd of this class of receptor. Other cell types, including normal T cells, also express both high- and low-affinity IL-1-R, but the absolute number of receptors per cell is considerably less.
Journal Departments, Old and New
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Although the Journal already has a near-surfeit of departments such as "Original Articles," "Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital" and "London Post," the temptation to add other categorical headings is ever strong. Yet the temptation should as a rule be resisted. A further cluttering ofthe Journal cover Table of Contents — at times already too congested — is undesirable. Another reason for avoiding additional headings, a reason at once more cogent and more subtle, is the danger that such headings are merely hedges to protect the author and the editor. A prototype of such a hedge-caption is "Preliminary Communications," . . .
Chronic hypertension and altered baroreflex responses in transgenic mice containing the human renin and human angiotensinogen genes.
Authors: D C Merrill, M W Thompson, C L Carney, B P Granwehr, G Schlager, J E Robillard, C D Sigmund
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We have generated a transgenic model consisting of both the human renin and human angiotensinogen genes to study further the role played by the renin-angiotensin system in regulating arterial pressure. Transgenic mice containing either gene alone were normotensive, whereas mice containing both genes were chronically hypertensive. Plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II levels were both markedly elevated in the double transgenic mice compared with either single transgenic or nontransgenic controls. The elevation in blood pressure caused by the human transgenes was independent of the genotype at the endogenous renin locus and was equal in mice homozygous for the Ren-1c allele or in mice containing one copy each of Ren-1c, Ren-1d, or Ren-2. Chronic overproduction of angiotensin II in the double transgenic mice resulted in a resetting of the baroreflex control of heart rate to a higher pressure without significantly changing the gain or sensitivity of the reflex. Moreover, this change was not due to the effects of elevated pressure itself since angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition had minimal effects on the baroreflex in spontaneously hypertensive BPH-2 control mice, which exhibit non-renin-dependent hypertension. This double transgenic model should provide an excellent tool for further studies on the mechanisms of hypertension initiated by the renin-angiotensin system.
Renal disease in hypertensive blacks: MRFIT
Authors: S. J. Rosansky
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The article by Walker et al 1 is one of several studies to address the issue of the effect of blood pressure control on renal function and comparison of this effect in black and nonblack patients. Although their study has a large database (463 black and 5061 nonblack patients), it is unclear how many of the patients enrolled had preexisting renal disease.  Their conclusion that blood pressure control was not efficacious in stabilizing or improving renal function in black patients may be due to the fact that more of the black patients in their study had underlying parenchymal renal disease than did the nonblack patients. The fact that there was no significant difference between average baseline serum creatinine level in the black and in the nonblack cohorts does not necessarily mean that there were equal proportions of patients with renal dysfunction in the two groups.  In a
Performance of the right ventricle: a pressure plane analysis
Authors: H. PIENE, T. SUND
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Journal Article Performance of the right ventricle: a pressure plane analysis Get access HROAR PIENE, HROAR PIENE From the Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TORBJØRN SUND TORBJØRN SUND * From the Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway *Address for reprints: Dr T Sund. Institute of Medical Biology. University of Tromsø. N-9000 Tromsø. Norway. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 14, Issue 4, April 1980, Pages 217–222, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.4.217 Published: 01 April 1980
Is There Still a Role for Induction Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer?
Authors: Adam S. Garden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Nasopharynx cancer is a disease known for chemosensitivity compared with its counterparts in the head and neck, and is also notorious for a greater incidence of systemic spread compared with squamous cancers arising fromotherheadandnecksites.Thus,theappealofsystemic therapies to treat this disease is great. In the current issue of theJournalofClinicalOncology,Chuaetal 1 reportaformof meta-analysis evaluating cisplatin-based induction therapy for nasopharynx cancer. By pooling the data from the two largest trials exploring the role of induction chemotherapy, it was hoped that the combination of two independently negative trials would gain sufficient statistical power to result in a positive result. Alas, with respect to overall survival, the overall trial results remain negative. The current analysis adds to the growing database of neoadjuvant chemotherapy trials in head and neck cancer that have not demonstrated a survival advantage for the use of induction therapy. These results are consistent with the Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Collaborative Group’s finding, which revealed no significant survival benefit associated with the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 2 In the 1990s, induction chemotherapy was a critical component in the management of patients when organ preservationwasthegoal.Often,survivalequivalencewasa
A nondirective approach to clinical instruction in medical school
Authors: E. D. Coppola
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To determine whether students could assume control of their own learning and achieve the objectives of clerkship, nine students were allowed to participate in an experimental nondirective teaching group during a 12-week junior surgical clerkship. The following objectives were emphasized: active nature of the learning process, diminished reliance on the teacher, motivation of critical and independent thinking, understanding the tentative nature of scientific conclusions, developing feelings of esteem between student and teacher, and encouraging students to learn from each other. Changes of behavior noted in the students as long as one year beyond the end of the experiment seem to indicate that the objectives were accomplished.
Observations on Blood Glucose and Insulin Determinations
Authors: T. Lind, H. A. V. C. de Groot, G. Brown, G. A. Cheyne
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The relation of capillary to venous blood glucose concentration, whole blood to plasma values, and, where possible, the effect of pregnancy on the variables have been studied. We have not been able to show constant relations between capillary and venous blood glucose concentrations as have been implied by a W.H.O. expert committee on diabetes mellitus and the British Diabetic Association.The choice of anticoagulant was shown to have a negligible effect on the results of a single antibody-charcoal separation insulin assay method.
A new approach for eradication of residual lymphoma cells by host nonreactive anti–third-party central memory CD8 T cells
Authors: Assaf Lask, Eran Ophir, Noga Or-Geva, Adva Cohen-Fredarow, Ran Afik, Yaki Eidelstein, Shlomit Reich-Zeliger, Bar Nathansohn, Matthias Edinger, Robert S. Negrin, David Hagin, Yair Reisner
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act — A Half-Step toward Risk Sharing
Authors: Russell Korobkin, Rahul Rajkumar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Consider three Americans — one with an increased genetic risk for colon cancer, one with a family history of colon cancer, and one with a colonoscopic finding of several large adenomatous polyps. Under the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), which was recently signed into law by President George W. Bush, health insurance companies may not refuse to cover and may not raise premiums for the first two people, whose genetic information or family history puts them at higher risk for colon cancer.1 Insurers could, however, refuse to sell the third person an individual policy or could quadruple his or her . . .