tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autocrine Metabolism of Vitamin D in Normal and Malignant Breast Tissue
Authors: Kelly Townsend, Claire M. Banwell, Michelle Guy, Kay W. Colston, Janine L. Mansi, Paul M. Stewart, Moray J. Campbell, Martin Hewison
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Vitamin D seems to exert a protective effect against common cancers, although this does not correlate with circulating levels of active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], indicating a more localized activation of vitamin D. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of this in breast cancer.Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of mRNA expression was carried out for the vitamin D-activating enzyme 1alpha-hydroxylase, the catabolic enzyme 24-hydroxylase, and the vitamin D receptor in 41 tumors and paired nonneoplastic tissue as well as breast cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess 1alpha-hydroxylase protein expression, and enzyme assays were used to quantify vitamin D metabolism.Expression of mRNA for 1alpha-hydroxylase (27-fold; P < 5 x 10(-11)), vitamin D receptor (7-fold; P < 1.5 x 10(-8)), and 24-hydroxylase (4-fold; P < 0.02) was higher in breast tumors. 1alpha-Hydroxylase enzyme activity was also higher in tumors (44.3 +/- 11.4 versus 12.4 +/- 4.8 fmol/h/mg protein in nonneoplastic tissue; P < 0.05). However, production of inactive 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 was also significantly higher in tumors (84.8 +/- 11.7 versus 33.6 +/- 8.5 fmol/h/mg protein; P < 0.01). Antisense inhibition of 24-hydroxylase in vitro increased antiproliferative responses to 1,25(OH)2D3.These data indicate that the vitamin D-activating enzyme 1alpha-hydroxylase is up-regulated in breast tumors. However, dysregulated expression of 24-hydroxylase seems to abrogate the effects of local 1,25(OH)2D3 production in tumors by catalyzing catabolism to less active vitamin D metabolites. The enzymes involved in autocrine metabolism of vitamin D in breast tissue may therefore provide important targets for both the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Lineage specification and plasticity in CD19− early B cell precursors
Authors: Lynn L. Rumfelt, Yan Zhou, Benjamin M. Rowley, Susan A. Shinton, Richard R. Hardy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

We describe here three CD19− B cell precursor populations in mouse bone marrow identified using 12-color flow cytometry. Cell transfer experiments indicate lineage potentials consistent with multilineage progenitor (MLP), common lymphoid progenitor (CLP), and B lineage–restricted pre-pro–B (Fr. A), respectively. However, single cell in vitro assays reveal lineage plasticity: lymphoid/myeloid lineage potential for CLP and B/T lineage potential for Fr. A. Despite myeloid potential, recombination activating gene 2 reporter activation is first detected at low levels in most MLP cells, with 95% of CLPs showing 10-fold increased levels. Furthermore, single cell analysis shows that half of CLP and 90% of Fr. A cells contain heavy chain DJ rearrangements. These data, together with expression profiles of lineage-specific genes, demonstrate progressive acquisition of B lineage potential and support an asynchronous view of early B cell development, in which B lineage specification initiates in the MLP/CLP stage, whereas myeloid potential is not lost until the pre-pro–B (Fr. A) stage, and B/T lymphoid plasticity persists until the CD19+ pro–B stage. Thus, MLP, CLP, and Fr. A represent progressively B lineage–specified stages in development, before the CD19+ B lineage–committed pro–B stage.
TINEA CAPITIS: REVIEW OF 1004 CASES.
Authors: J. MARTIN BEARE, E. A. CHEESEMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1951)

Journal Article TINEA CAPITIS: REVIEW OF 1004 CASES. Get access J. MARTIN BEARE, M.D., M.R.C.P., J. MARTIN BEARE, M.D., M.R.C.P. Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children and Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. A. CHEESEMAN, B.Sc.(Econ.), Ph.D.(Med.) E. A. CHEESEMAN, B.Sc.(Econ.), Ph.D.(Med.) Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, The Queen's University of Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 63, Issue 5, 1 May 1951, Pages 165–186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13708.x Published: 01 May 1951
Results and Benefits of a Maternal Serum α-Fetoprotein Screening Program
Authors: James N. Macri
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Sept 21 report of Milunsky and Alpert<sup>1</sup>presents important information as the United States anticipates widespread implementation of maternal serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening during pregnancy. Certain aspects of the report require comment. 1. Within the first group of 15,000 screened patients, the authors' protocol called for a second maternal serum sample from patients with initial AFP elevation. In the second group of 6,000 screened patients, the authors report that 49% with elevated MSAFP levels opted for ultrasonography rather than for a second blood test. The authors have not compared the efficiency of ultrasonography with a second blood protocol in reducing the need for costly clinical follow-up while maintaining detection efficiency. Studies in New York<sup>2</sup>and North Carolina,<sup>3</sup>both of which utilize a second blood protocol, have demonstrated a 44% and 45% reduction, respectively, in the number of mothers requiring further clinical evaluations (due
Histocompatibility antigens, autoantibodies, and immunoglobulins in alcoholic liver disease.
Authors: R J Bailey, N Krasner, A L Eddleston, R Williams, D E Tee, D Doniach, L A Kennedy, J R Batchelor
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Determination of histocompatibility antigens in 63 patients with alcoholic liver disease showed that HLA-B8 was more prevalent in patients with cirrhosis than in controls, but among those with fatty liver and minimal fibrosis the prevalence of this antigen was normal. Another noticeable difference was the absence of HLAA28 in the cirrhotic group. In the total series of 219 patients the prevalence of antinuclear and smooth muscle antibodies was raised; they were especially prevalent in patients with cirrhosis. Raised serum IgA and IgG concentrations were also common (found in 50% and 37% respectively) and were again significantly associated with cirrhosis. In contrast, serum IgM levels, which were raised in 46% of cases, were not significantly related to the presence of cirrhosis but correlated significantly with the degree of portacaval shunting. These results support recent evidence suggesting that immune responses may be implicated in alcohol-induced liver damage, particularly in its progression to cirrhosis.
TCT-543 Middle-Term Clinical Outcome of Femoropopliteal Stenting with Drug-Eluting Stent for Diabetic Patients
Authors: Masakazu Tsutsumi, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Yoshiaki Ito, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Masahiro Yamawaki, Motoharu Araki, Norihiro Kobayashi, Hideyuki Takimura, Yasunari Sakamoto, Shinsuke Mori, Hiroya Takafuji, Takuro Takama, Yohsuke Honda, Takahiro Tokuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Brainstorming: The Science and Politics of Opiate Research
Authors: James J. Brophy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In the galaxy of brain research, no star shines brighter than Solomon Snyder, a supernova to many. His memoir,<i>Brainstorming</i>, is a lambent account of successful research: a blend of political machinations, grantsmanship, personnel legerdemain, astute observation, and competitiveness. From this ferment emanate departments of psychiatry, research papers, PhD theses, advances in medicine, and, eventually, Nobel laureates. The narrative begins in one of the many battles (the 1972 eruption) in the seemingly eternal "war against drugs," a politically energized process dating back well before the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914. In many respects it is an indictment of the process that subverts scientific/clinical endeavors to political gain. Money is not only the mother's milk of politics, it is the mother's milk of research, and politics is the mother that produces the milk. It is delivered in the form of grants and has resulted in a cottage industry known as "grantsmanship,"
Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery
Authors: M. H. Agustsson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was observed in 3 patients. In 2, aged 6 and 7 years, the anomaly was of the adult type; the patients were free from symptoms but had continuous murmurs at the left sternal border and mild left ventricular hypertrophy. In the third, aged 16 months, the anomaly was of the infantile type and there were findings of myocardial infarction. Retrograde aortography demonstrated retrograde flow of blood from the right coronary artery to the left, through collaterals, and finally into the pulmonary artery. In the 2 cases of the adult type, ligating the left coronary artery resulted in increased perfusion pressure and flow to the left ventricle. In the infantile case, the collaterals were deficient and the operation was unsuccessful.
Efficacy and safety of entecavir versus adefovir in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatic decompensation: A randomized, open-label study
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw, Maria Raptopoulou-Gigi, Hugo Cheinquer, Shiv Kumar Sarin, Tawesak Tanwandee, Nancy Leung, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Robert P. Myers, Robert S. Brown, Lennox Jeffers, Naoky Tsai, Jolanta Bialkowska, Shijie Tang, Suzanne Beebe, Elizabeth Cooney
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

A randomized, open-label comparative study of entecavir versus adefovir therapy was performed in subjects with chronic hepatitis B who had hepatic decompensation (Child-Turcotte-Pugh score ≥7). Adult subjects were randomized and treated (n = 191) with entecavir 1.0 mg or adefovir 10 mg daily for up to 96 weeks from the date of last subject randomization. Subjects were positive or negative for hepatitis B e antigen and experienced or naive for treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean reduction in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, as determined by polymerase chain reaction, at week 24, adjusted for baseline HBV DNA and lamivudine resistance status by linear regression analysis. Entecavir demonstrated superiority to adefovir for this endpoint (treatment difference 1.74 log10 copies/mL [95% confidence interval −2.30, −1.18]; P < 0.0001). The entecavir group showed a greater change from baseline in HBV DNA at all time points through week 48 and a higher proportion of subjects who achieved HBV DNA < 300 copies/mL at weeks 24 (entecavir 49%; adefovir 16%; P < 0.0001) and 48 (entecavir 57%; adefovir 20%; P < 0.0001). Approximately two-thirds of subjects in both groups showed improvement/stabilization in Child-Turcotte-Pugh status. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score change at week 48 was −2.6 for entecavir and −1.7 for adefovir. Adverse event rates were comparable between groups. Cumulative hepatocellular carcinoma rates were 12% for entecavir and 20% for adefovir. Cumulative death rates were 23% for entecavir and 33% for adefovir. Week 24 mortality rates were 12% for both groups. Conclusion: Entecavir demonstrated superior virologic efficacy to adefovir in a population of patients with chronic hepatitis B who had hepatic decompensation. Biochemical and clinical benefits were also demonstrated. Entecavir was well tolerated, and early mortality rates were consistent with rates observed in similar populations treated with lamivudine. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
The Effects of Clomiphene Citrate in Patients with Pituitary-gonadal Disorders.
Authors: Raymond C. Mellinger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964The Effects of Clomiphene Citrate in Patients with Pituitary-gonadal Disorders.Raymond C. Mellinger, M.D., Robert J. Thompson, M.D.Raymond C. Mellinger, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert J. Thompson, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-717_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptClomiphene citrate (MRL-41), a derivative of the synthetic estrogen TACE, is a new drug with unique properties of therapeutic potential for such diversified conditions as amenorrhea, anovulation, postjartum lactation, Chiari-Frommel syndrome, cystic mastitis, and oligospermia.The following observations in patients receiving clomiphene illustrate its effects and imply a primary mechanism of action: (1) sperm counts and urinary 17-ketosteroids increased significantly in 9 of 12 oligospermic men, with markedly increased gonadotropins in all subjects; (2) ovulation occurred in 4 or 5 anovulatory women, with inhibited endometrial growth in one case; (3) vaginal cornification was markedly reduced and gonadotropins increased (1 of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Detroit, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 717-717KeywordsDrug synthesisDrugsEstrogensGonadotropinsLactationOvulationSperm Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The use of K X-ray fluorescence for measuring lead burden in epidemiological studies: high and low lead burdens and measurement uncertainty.
Authors: H Hu, F L Milder, D E Burger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

X-ray fluorescence (XRF), a rapid, noninvasive, low-radiation-dose method of measuring bone lead content, has emerged as a promising tool for providing an integrated estimate of low-level lead accumulation in epidemiological studies. Our group has settled on an XRF instrument that utilizes K X-rays (K-XRF) and normalizes the measurement to bone calcium. The unit of measurement provided is in micrograms of lead/gram bone mineral, an accurate proxy for micrograms of lead/gram bone ash. An estimate of measurement uncertainty is generated from the counting statistics and is theoretically dependent on several factors, primarily duration of measurement and bone mass. Data from pilot studies of community-exposed adults and workers with varying degrees of occupational lead exposure demonstrated that the K-XRF instrument can easily distinguish between populations with occupational versus environmental lead exposures. Among all subjects, bone lead increased with age. Larger measurement uncertainty was significantly associated with being female, greater subject weight, and smaller lead burdens.
Gene expression fingerprints in human tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis as prognostic markers of disease progression
Authors: Anna Henger, Matthias Kretzler, Peter Doran, Mahnaz Bonrouhi, Holger Schmid, Eva Kiss, Clemens D. Cohen, Stephen Madden, Stefan Porubsky, Elisabeth F. Gröne, Detlef Schlöndorff, Peter J. Nelson, Hermann-Josef Gröne
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Abstract 1034: Combination therapy with gossypol reveals synergism against gemcitabine resistance in cancer cells with high Bcl-2 expression
Authors: Foong Ying Wong, Natalia Liem, Lingzhi Wang, Chen Xie, Wei Peng Yong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Gemcitabine is an anticancer agent used in breast, non-small cell lung, pancreatic and ovarian cancer. However, many cancers have been showed to be resistant to gemcitabine. Recent studies have demonstrated that gemcitabine resistance can be overcome when combined with gossypol. Gossypol is an inhibitor of Bcl-2 that induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. The aim of our study was to determine whether gossypol can overcome gemcitabine resistance via its interaction with the Bcl-2 protein. IC50 of gossypol and gemcitabine, as well as baseline expression of Bcl-2 were determined in 10 cell lines derived from nasopharyngeal (n=4), breast (n=3) and gastric (n=3)cancers. High Bcl-2 baseline expression that was observed in 3/10 cell lines, had higher IC50 to gemcitabine. Upregulation of Bcl-2 levels were also observed after treatment in cell lines that high Bcl-2 baseline expression. These findings suggest an interaction between Bcl-2 protein and gemcitabine resistance. Furthermore, in 7/10 cell lines that were sensitive to gemcitabine, five showed low Bcl-2 expression, suggesting that Bcl-2 levels plays a role in gemcitabine response in cancer. To determine whether gossypol can overcome gemcitabine resistance, combination treatments were carried out either by adding the drugs simultaneously or sequentially to the cell lines. Dual drug treatment was found to be synergistic to cell lines that have both high Bcl-2 level and were resistant to single agent, gemcitabine. Intrestingly cell lines that were sensitive to both drugs, and had high Bcl-2 level were also synergistic when treated with the combined drugs. In contrast, cell lines that were sensitive to both drugs and had low Bcl-2 level were antagonistic to combined drug treatments. The (-) enatiomer of gossypol (AT101) has been reported to be more potent than gossypol in inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. This suggests that AT101 is a more effective drug than gossypol in overcoming gemcitabine resistance. Cell lines treated with AT101 had lower IC50 compared to those treated with gossypol. Two cell lines (HK1 and AGS) that were intermediate responders to gossypol demonstrated higher sensitivity when treated with AT101, suggesting that AT101 is a more effective drug than gossypol. Futhermore, in vitro durg response studies comparing the 2 drugs in 35 gastric cell lines reveals an overall hypersensitive to AT101 compared to gossypol. Current studies are underway to investigate combination treatment of AT101 with gemcitabine, as well as its interactions with the Bcl-2 family proteins. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1034.
Enzalutamide monotherapy in hormone-naive prostate cancer: primary analysis of an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study
Authors: Bertrand Tombal, Michael Borre, Per Rathenborg, Patrick Werbrouck, Hendrik Van Poppel, Axel Heidenreich, Peter Iversen, Johan Braeckman, Jiri Heracek, Edwina Baskin-Bey, Taoufik Ouatas, Frank Perabo, De Phung, Mohammad Hirmand, Matthew R Smith
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Home visits by general practitioners A different experience
Authors: D P B Pound, P Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - I was surprised to read Michael J Noble's letter and to see his figures on home visits in general practice.1 The age distribution of patients receiving out of hours home visits in his practice differs from that in mine, although I also practice in a semirural area. I take part in an on call rota with my four partners and two other, smaller practices; the total population at risk at nights and weekends is some 17 …
A NON-TRANSMISSIBLE CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECT OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE ACCOMPANIED BY FORMATION OF NON-INFECTIOUS HEMAGGLUTININS
Authors: Gertrude Henle, Anthony Girardi, Werner Henle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Various strains of influenza virus produce a cytopathogenic effect in cultures of HeLa cells. The virus could not be passed in series. Virus partially or even completely inactivated with respect to infectivity by exposure to 37°C. or ultraviolet light retained some of its cytopathogenic effect. No evidence has been obtained of an increase in infectious virus in HeLa cultures, but an increase in hemagglutinins and in both viral and soluble complement-fixing antigens became detectable during incubation. These virus materials apparently were not released from these cells prior to their destruction. These results suggested that HeLa cells are capable of supporting an incomplete reproductive cycle of influenza virus. The fact that radioactive phosphorus was readily incorporated into the hemagglutinin supplies strong evidence for this interpretation.
A Post-mortem Study of the Visco-elastic Properties of the Lungs in Emphysema
Authors: M. B. McIlroy, R. V. Christie
Journal: Thorax (1952)

An arbitrary index of the viscous resistance involved in ventilation has been devised from measurements of the difference in distensibility of the lungs at different respiration rates.The index of viscous resistance measured in 20 normal human lungs increased with the age of the patient.Comparison of the index of viscous resistance on air with that on hydrogen shows that the increase in viscous resistance demonstrated in normal lungs is not primarily due to bronchial obstruc- tion.It is suggested that what has in the past been termed " loss of pulmonary elasticity " may repre- sent a relative loss of elasticity due to an increase in the viscous element of the visco-elastic response of the lungs.
The stimulatory effects of interleukin (IL)-12 on hematopoiesis are antagonized by IL-12-induced interferon gamma in vivo.
Authors: V M Eng, B D Car, B Schnyder, M Lorenz, S Lugli, M Aguet, T D Anderson, B Ryffel, V F Quesniaux
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Interleukin (IL)-12 synergizes with other cytokines to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. However, in vivo administration of IL-12 decreases peripheral blood counts and bone marrow hematopoiesis. Here, we used interferon (IFN) gamma receptor-deficient (IFN gamma R-/-) mice to investigate whether the in vivo inhibition of hematopoiesis by IL-12 is indirectly mediated by IL-12-induced IFN-gamma. IL-12 administered for 4 d (1 microgram/mouse per day) resulted in lower peripheral blood counts and a 2-fold decrease in bone marrow cellularity in wild-type mice, but not in IFN gamma R-/- mice. Bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors were decreased after IL-12 treatment in wild-type mice, but rather increased in IFN gamma R-/- mice. Splenic cellularity was 2.3-fold higher after IL-12 administration in wild-type mice, largely due to natural killer (NK) cell and macrophage infiltration together with some extramedullary hematopoiesis. In IFN gamma R-/- mice, spleen cellularity was less increased, there were fewer infiltrating NK cells, but a strong extramedullary hematopoiesis. Thus, alterations mediated by IL-12-induced IFN-gamma include reduction in bone marrow cellularity and hematopoietic progenitors, as well as pronounced splenomegaly, largely caused by NK cell infiltration. In the absence of IFN-gamma signaling, IL-12 promotes hematopoiesis, consistent with its in vitro activities.