tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventionitis: The Exaggerated Claims of Health Promotion
Authors: G. D. Smith, C. Davison
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed James Le Fanu Social Affairs Unit, pounds sterling 9.95 + pounds sterling1 p&p, pp 133 ISBN 0-907631-58-4

Across the political spectrum there is widespread disagreement about how we should best advance the national health. On one matter, however, disputants from left and right agree: they despise health promotion. To collectivists, health education entails “blaming the victim.” The responsibility for health problems lies in the inequalities of society, and health education does nothing more than foist this responsibility on to the very people who suffer most and are in the least powerful position to change their circumstances. Thus exhortations to “eat yourself fitter” serve only as a smokescreen for the real problems.

Such attitudes to health promotion come from commentators who believe, …
Predictors of cord blood IgE levels in children at risk for asthma and atopy
Authors: Christina V. Scirica, Diane R. Gold, Louise Ryan, Hassen Abulkerim, Juan C. Celedón, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Lisa M. Naccara, Scott T. Weiss, Augusto A. Litonjua
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Safety of Sublingual House Dust Mite (HDM) Immunotherapy: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled U.S. Trial
Authors: R. Bush, C. Swenson, B. Fahlberg, J. Bernstein, K. Gaworski, H. Sanchez, R. Esch, W. Busse
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among persons with severe mental illnesses
Authors: Michael P. Carey, Kate B. Carey, Seth C. Kalichman
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (1997)

Individuals diagnosed with a severe mental illness are at significantly enhanced risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To better understand elevated seroprevalence in this population, we review the research literature that has investigated HIV-related risk behavior among adults who have a severe and persistent mental illness. This review indicates that 54%–74% of adults report that they have been sexually active in the last year with approximately one third reporting two or more partners. Among those who were sexually active, condom use was inconsistent. A significant minority (4 %–35 %) of adults also reported a history of injection drug use. Overall, the data indicate that the severely mentally ill engage regularly in practices known to involve increased risk for HIV transmission. We introduce and modify Fisher and Fisher's (1992) theoretical model to organize the possible determinants of HIV-related risk taking among severely mentally ill adults, and encourage use of this model in the design of behavioral epidemiological and risk reduction studies. We also identify several methodological challenges to HIV-related research, including problems associated with the use of self-report measures; diagnostic imprecision; and participant recruitment and retention.
Auricular pressure in the treatment of gallstones: A randomized, clinical trial of traditional chinese medicine
Authors: Xiening Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Gallstones, which were diagnosed in 365 patients on the basis of symptoms, signs, ultrasound scanning and cholecystography were treated by compression of specific auricular points. The patients were predominantly women (76%) from 19 to 78 years of age. The stones were in the gallbladder in 326, in intrahepatic ducts in 20, in the common bile duct in 6 and at multiple sites in 14. An adhesive plaster with a seed of Semen vaccariae (an oblate spheroid 2 mm in diameter) fixed at its center was placed over the main auricular points which include the liver, gallbladder, bile duct and duodenum. The liver and gallbladder have corresponding points over the posterior surface of the ears, and compression of both the anterior and posterior points at the same time enhances the effect. Correct positioning over these points is of primary importance. If the individual ear varies in shape, then corresponding points can be taken. These seeds are chosen because of their hardness. Pressure was applied for 20 min thrice a day postprandially by the patients themselves, as shown by the doctor at the start, to one ear every other day and to the other ear on alternate days for 30 days. The seeds were changed by the physician every 3 days. All stools were collected by the patients and examined for expelled stones by the doctors. One hundred forty-four stone specimens were assayed for their cholesterol and bilirubin content, and 16 were examined by infra-red spectrophotography and scanning electron microscopy. After treatment, gallstones were demonstrated in the stool of 299 treated patients (82%) but in only 7 of the 47 controls cholagogue-treated patients (9%). These differences from the treated patients are highly significant statistically (p < 0.01). Reexamination with ultrasonography (except for 25 who were lost to follow-up)revealed the stones to be absent in 16 patients (5%), reduced in number to about half in 72 (20%). In 127, the number rermained the same (35%) and in 69, the number of gallstone increased (19%). Stones were expelled more frequently from the common duct than from the gallbadder (p < 0.05). Multiple stones were expelled from the gallblader more frequently than single stones, and small stones (<0.5 cm) were expeleld more frequently than those > 1.0 cm. The explusion rate could be improved by prologing the treatment beyond 30 days.
Low serum C4 concentrations: an inherited predisposition to insulin dependent diabetes?
Authors: D Vergani, C Johnston, N B-Abdullah, A H Barnett
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Twenty two out of 86 insulin dependent diabetics had serum C4 concentrations below the normal range. None of 41 non-insulin dependent diabetics tested had low concentrations. Low C4 values were seen in insulin dependent diabetes irrespective of the duration of the disease and did not appear to correlate with complement activation. There was a close correlation in C4 values between identical cotwins, even when only one was diabetic. These results suggest that a low serum C4 concentration is an inherited phenomenon and may predispose towards the development of insulin dependent diabetes.
Patient organisations in ME and CFS seek only understanding
Authors: Chris Clark
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-Despite research in tropical medicine being undertaken in countries from low human development index, authorship and editorial opinion remain with countries from higher development index.This unfair trend observed by Keiser et al demands to be addressed and overturned. 1 This observed bias may arise because countries of high human development index fund the bulk of research in tropical medicine. 2 3Authors from these countries have prepared the grant applications, taken principal investigator status, and believe that they should take primary or terminal authorship.Researchers from low human development index countries can break this cycle only if they can obtain international funding themselves or are allowed authorship by the principal investigators.It seems this is rarely extended to the collaborators in tropical countries, even though they are the ones practically conducting the study.If such generosity in authorship and mentorship were provided, this would enable researchers from low human devel-
Internal eliminated sequences interrupting the Oxytricha 81 locus: allelic divergence, conservation, conversions, and possible transposon origins
Authors: A. Seegmiller, K. R. Williams, R. L. Hammersmith, T. G. Doak, D. Witherspoon, T. Messick, L. L. Storjohann, G. Herrick
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Internal eliminated sequences (IESs) often interrupt ciliate genes in the silent germline nucleus but are exactly excised and eliminated from the developing somatic nucleus from which genes are then expressed. Some long IESs are transposons, supporting the hypothesis that short IESs are ancient transposon relics. In light of that hypothesis and to explore the evolutionary history of a collection of IESs, we have compared various alleles of a particular locus (the 81 locus) of the ciliated protozoa Oxytricha trifallax and O. fallax. Three short IESs that interrupt two genes of the locus are found in alleles from both species, and thus must be relatively ancient, consistent with the hypothesis that short IESs are transposon relics. In contrast, TBE1 transposon interruptions of the locus are allele-specific and probably the results of recent transpositions. These IESs (and the TBE1s) are precisely excised from the DNA of the developing somatic macronucleus. Each IES interrupts a highly conserved sequence. A few nucleotides at the ends of each IES are also conserved, suggesting that they interact critically with IES excision machinery. However, most IES nucleotide positions have evolved at high rates, showing little or no selective constraint for function. Nonetheless, the length of each IES has been maintained (+/- 3 bp). While one IES is approximately 33 bp long, three other IESs have very similar sizes, approximately 70 bp long. Two IESs are surrounded by direct repeats of the sequence TTCTT. No other sequence similarities were found between any of the four IESs. However, the ends of one IES do match the inverted terminal repeat consensus sequence of the "TA" IESs of Paramecium. Three O. trifallax alleles appear to have been recipients in recent conversion events that could have been provoked by double-strand breaks associated with IES ends subsequent to IES transposition. Our findings support the hypothesis that short IESs evolved from ancient transposons that have lost most of their sequences, except those necessary for precise excision during macronuclear development.
Abstract 457: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 modulates antitumor immunity.
Authors: Emmanuelle Godefroy, Anne Gallois, Olivier Manches, Shaheen Ensanyat, Francine Jotereau, Nina Bhardwaj
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Cancer cells, including melanoma, can be highly resistant to traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As a result, a lot of effort has been put into developing immune therapies to treat cancer patients. The main barrier to design effective immunotherapies is the immunosuppression induced by the tumor. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is over-expressed in most cancers including melanoma, and its expression is associated with increased dissemination and poorer survival/prognosis. Here, we not only uncovered an immunosuppressive role of MMP-2 in inducing ineffective/detrimental TH2 immune responses, but also the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Human dendritic cells (DCs) were cultured in the presence of MMP-2 and/or various TLR agonists. DCs responses were monitored using immunostaining, ELISA or cytometric bead array methods. Autologous CD4+ T cells were stimulated using these conditioned tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-pulsed DCs. TAA-specific CD4+ T cells were cloned and characterized using mainly the same techniques as for DCs. Results: Here we showed that MMP-2-conditioned human DCs primed naïve CD4+ T cells to differentiate into an inflammatory TH2 phenotype, i.e. mainly secreting TNFα, IL-4 and IL-13 and expressing GATA3. Accordingly, we detected MMP-2-specific CD4+ T cells displaying the same inflammatory TH2 profile in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from melanoma patients. We revealed the underlying mechanisms: on the one hand, MMP-2 was found to degrade the type-I IFN receptor IFNAR1, thereby preventing STAT1 phosphorylation, which is necessary for IL-12 production. On the other hand, MMP-2 triggers the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 on DCs, which leads to NF-κB activation and OX40L expression. Both lack of IL-12 and over-expression of OX40L were found responsible for skewing T cell responses towards a detrimental TH2 phenotype. Conclusions: MMP-2, therefore, acts as an endogenous TH2 "conditioner" and may underlie the prevalence of detrimental TH2 responses in cancer. Our findings also described the responsible MMP-2-dependent mechanisms, which open the way to novel therapeutic strategies and/or targets to skew anti-tumor CD4+ T cell responses towards a more efficient anti-tumor TH1 phenotype to treat cancer patients. Citation Format: Emmanuelle Godefroy, Anne Gallois, Olivier Manches, Shaheen Ensanyat, Francine Jotereau, Nina Bhardwaj. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 modulates antitumor immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 457. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-457
Electron-microscopic Haematology
Authors: A. J. Salsbury
Journal: BMJ (1970)

This book is eminently factual.Its editor and fourteen contributors are well qualified to write about their subjects from direct ex- perience.Epidemiological and public health aspects of drug dependence are prominent, and the story of the spread of drug abuse, in this country and in the United States of America, is well documented.As social history the account is an intriguing and compelling one, which invites comparisons with the histories of epidemics of infectious microbial disease in the last century.The
Light cautery and EMLAR in the treatment of chloracne lesions
Authors: J. YIP, L. PEPPALL, D.J. GAWKRODGER, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Light cautery and EMLA® in the treatment of chloracne lesions Get access J. YIP, J. YIP Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. PEPPALL, L. PEPPALL Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. GAWKRODGER, D.J. GAWKRODGER Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. CUNLIFFE W.J. CUNLIFFE Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Dr W.J. Cunliffe, Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 3, 1 March 1993, Pages 313–316, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00177.x Published: 01 March 1993 Article history Accepted: 11 August 1992 Published: 01 March 1993
Population Screening for Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Using a Novel Blood Test
Authors: Graham S. Jackson, Jesse Burk-Rafel, Julie Ann Edgeworth, Anita Sicilia, Sabah Abdilahi, Justine Korteweg, Jonathan Mackey, Claire Thomas, Guosu Wang, Jonathan M. Schott, Catherine Mummery, Patrick F. Chinnery, Simon Mead, John Collinge
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our study indicates a prototype blood-based variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) assay has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to justify a large study comparing vCJD prevalence in the United Kingdom with a bovine spongiform encephalopathy-unexposed population. In a clinical diagnostic capacity, the assay's likelihood ratios dramatically change an individual's pretest disease odds to posttest probabilities and can confirm vCJD infection.
Hypermelanotic Rash Associated with Sulphonamide Therapy
Authors: S. G. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1960)

CHORDA TYMPANI SYNDROMEB JORNL 621 can be relieved at least temporarily, without any disfiguring scar, by section of the relative chorda tympani nerve as it crosses the tympanic membrane.It remains to be seen whether over the years the syndrome will again establish itself as a definite entity as before the operation, which would imply a regenera- tion of the nerve.
Recreational Drug Use and Stroke
Authors: Michael A. Sloan, Steven J. Kittner, Steven R. Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 April 1991Recreational Drug Use and StrokeMichael A. Sloan, MD, Steven J. Kittner, MD, MPH, Steven R. Levine, MDMichael A. Sloan, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Steven J. Kittner, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this author, Steven R. Levine, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-7-605_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Kaku and Lowenstein (1) recently reported that the estimated relative risk for stroke among young recreational drug users compared with nondrug users was 6.5 overall and was 11.2 in patients less than 35 years of age. These figures are striking, particularly when they are compared with the relative risk for stroke associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and hypertension in older adults. This case-control study is an important contribution to the literature. We would like to mention several points that future research in this area should consider.Because the prevalence of drug use may vary widely among different...References1. KakuLowenstein DD. Emergence of recreational drug use as a major risk factor for stroke in young adults. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:821-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SchlesselmanStolley JP. Sources of bias. In: Schlesselman JJ, ed. Case Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press; 1982;124-43. Google Scholar3. EurmanPotashEylerPaganussiBeute DHWPG. Chest pain and dyspnea related to "crack" cocaine smoking: value of chest radiography. Radiology. 1989;172:459-62. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LevineBrustFutrell SJN. Cerebrovascular complications of the use of the "crack" form of alkaloidal cocaine. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:699-704. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SloanKittnerRigamontiPrice MSDT. Incidence of stroke associated with use/abuse of drugs. Neurology. 1990;40(Suppl):325. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael A. Sloan, MD; Steven J. Kittner, MD, MPH; Steven R. Levine, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byStrokeCardiovascular Complications of Cocaine Abuse 1 April 1991Volume 114, Issue 7Page: 605-605KeywordsAddictsAtrial fibrillationDrugsElderlyForecastingHypertensionRecreational drug useRelative riskRisk managementStroke ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Recognition of Virus Infection and Innate Host Responses to Viral Gene Therapy Vectors
Authors: Dmitry M Shayakhmetov, Nelson C Di Paolo, Karen L Mossman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

The innate immune and inflammatory response represents one of the key stumbling blocks limiting the efficacy of viral-based therapies. Numerous human diseases could be corrected or ameliorated if viruses were harnessed to safely and effectively deliver therapeutic genes to diseased cells and tissues in vivo. Recent studies have shown that host cells recognize viruses using an elaborate network of sensor proteins localized at the plasma membrane, in endosomes, or in the cytosol. Three classes of sensors have been implicated in sensing viruses in mammalian cells-Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoid acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors (RLRs), and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs). The interaction of virus-associated nucleic acids with these sensor molecules triggers a signaling cascade that activates the principal host defense program aimed to limit or eliminate virus infection and restore tissue homeostasis. In addition, recent data strongly suggest that host cells can mount innate immune responses to viruses without prior recognition of their nucleic acids. To deliver therapeutic genes into the nuclei of diseased cells, viral gene therapy vectors must be efficient at penetrating either the plasma or endosomal membrane. The therapeutic use of high numbers of virus particles disturbs cellular homeostasis, triggering cell damage and stress pathways, or "sensing of modified self". Accumulating data indicate that the sensing of modified self might represent a powerful framework explaining the innate immune response activation by viral gene therapy vectors.
Novel peripheral mechanisms of opioid analgesia
Authors: Christoph Stein, Michael Schäfer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

dickenson briefly mentions that peripheral opioid receptors somehow become active following inflammation and that the appearance of endogenous opioid peptides at the injury site may be related to immune cell proliferation. Recent findings elucidate the underlying mechanisms in more detail and provide an incentive for the development of a novel generation of analgesics devoid of typical central opioid side effects.
The Gamma Knife
Authors: Raymond N. Kjellberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In the May 6 letters, the authors of "The Gamma Knife" make some inappropriate and misleading comparisons with proton-beam therapy.<sup>1</sup> X-ray and gamma radiation are both electromagnetic radiation and thus are different physical species from protons and other heavy particles with mass and electric charge. X-ray has been in use since the turn of the century and was used in treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) since the late 1920s. A good number of reports during the years attest that it is of no or limited effectiveness in treating AVMs. Gamma radiation differs from x-ray only in the range of its wave length and frequency. Gamma radiation from cobalt 60 began to be used in the mid-1950s and has been used with decreasing frequency since the early 1970s. On the other hand, we have been using the proton beam increasingly since the early 1960s. The Bragg
Neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase is involved in murine enteric inhibitory neurotransmission.
Authors: H Mashimo, X D He, P L Huang, M C Fishman, R K Goyal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene (ncNOS) were used to determine the enzymatic source of nitric oxide (NO) and its relationship with other putative inhibitory neurotransmitters. Inhibitory junction potentials (IJP) of circular smooth muscle of gastric fundus were studied. The IJP in the wild-type mice consists of overlapping components, the fast and slow IJPs. NOS inhibitor L-NA or VIP receptor antagonist VIP(10-28), blocks the slow IJP but not the fast IJP. The fast UP is blocked by alpha-beta methylene ATP tachyphylaxis, by reactive blue 2, and by apamin. The IJP in the ncNOS-deficient [ncNOS(-)] mutant is of short duration and is abolished by blockers of the fast IJP, but is unaffected by blockers of the slow UP. Exogenous VIP produces membrane hyperpolarization in strips from wild-type but not ncNOS(-) mice. The hyperpolarizing action of VIP is resistant to nifedipine but is sensitive to omega-conotoxin GVIA. In conclusion: (a) NO derived from ncNOS is an inhibitory neurotransmitter rather than a postjunctional mediator; (b) VIP is a prejunctional neurotransmitter that causes release of evanescent NO; and (c) ATP acts in parallel with the VIP/NO pathway.
New Guidelines Issued for Prevention and Management of Thrombosis
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

UPDATED EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDElines for the prevention and management of thrombosis by the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) give more explicit directions for managing certain patient populations on long-term antithrombotic therapy, such as those facing surgery, those who are pregnant or considering becoming pregnant, and children. The eighth edition of Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy: American College of Chest Physicians EvidenceBased Clinical Practice Guidelines was published as a 900-page supplement to the June issue of Chest (Hirsh J et al. Chest. 2008;133[6 suppl]67S-968S).
Cell-cycle regulator E2F1 and microRNA-223 comprise an autoregulatory negative feedback loop in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: John A. Pulikkan, Viola Dengler, Philomina S. Peramangalam, Abdul A. Peer Zada, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Stefan K. Bohlander, Daniel G. Tenen, Gerhard Behre
Journal: Blood (2009)