tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Muscle Weakness in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: SARAH BERNARD, PIERRE LeBLANC, FRANÇOIS WHITTOM, GUY CARRIER, JEAN JOBIN, ROGER BELLEAU, FRANÇOIS MALTAIS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Peripheral muscle weakness is commonly found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may play a role in reducing exercise capacity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate, in patients with COPD: (1) the relationship between muscle strength and cross-sectional area (CSA), (2) the distribution of peripheral muscle weakness, and (3) the relationship between muscle strength and the severity of lung disease. Thirty-four patients with COPD and 16 normal subjects of similar age and body mass index were evaluated. Compared with normal subjects, the strength of three muscle groups (p < 0.05) and the right thigh muscle CSA, evaluated by computed tomography (83.4 ± 16.4 versus 109.6 ± 15.6 cm2, p < 0.0001), were reduced in COPD. The quadriceps strength/thigh muscle CSA ratio was similar for the two groups. The reduction in quadriceps strength was proportionally greater than that of the shoulder girdle muscles (p < 0.05). Similar observations were made whether or not patients had been exposed to systemic corticosteroids in the 6-mo period preceding the study, although there was a tendency for the quadriceps strength/thigh muscle CSA ratio to be lower in patients who had received corticosteroids. In COPD, quadriceps strength and muscle CSA correlated positively with the FEV1 expressed in percentage of predicted value (r = 0.55 and r = 0.66, respectively, p < 0.0005). In summary, the strength/muscle cross-sectional area ratio was not different between the two groups, suggesting that weakness in COPD is due to muscle atrophy. In COPD, the distribution of peripheral muscle weakness and the correlation between quadriceps strength and the degree of airflow obstruction suggests that chronic inactivity and muscle deconditioning are important factors in the loss in muscle mass and strength.
KIDNEY OPERATIONS UNDER PARAVERTEBRAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: OSWALD SWINNEY LOWSLEY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The surgeon of today finds his field crowded with operations which, for the most part, are efficient and satisfactory. Operations on almost every organ of the body have been devised and perfected to such a point that further advance of an important nature is hardly to be expected along the lines of improved technic. The progressive surgeon must necessarily turn his attention to perfections other than technic. Great advances have been made in preoperative preparation and postoperative care. This is particularly true in urologic surgery, especially regarding prostatectomy. Those adjuncts in surgery which have been least developed in America are anesthesia and anesthetics. It would seem that these subjects should occupy the attention of the research surgeon for many years to come; and they offer the greatest outlet for surgical progress at the present time. The wonderful work of Crile, Gwathmey and others in anesthesia is so well known as
Hemodynamics, biochemical and reflexive changes produced by atenolol in hypertension.
Authors: G R Dreslinski, F H Messerli, F G Dunn, D H Suarez, E Reisin, E D Frohlich
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Hemodynamic (systemic and regional), metabolic and cardiovascular reflexive variables were measured before and after 4 weeks of beta blockade with atenolol in 10 patients with mild essential hypertension. Atenolol reduced mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac index (all p less than 0.005) and renal vascular resistance (p less than 0.01) and increased total peripheral resistance (p less than 0.005). Glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were unchanged; plasma renin activity fell 43%. Reflexive cardioacceleration during the Valsalva maneuver and upright passive tilt was blunted. No changes were observed in circulating fluid volumes. In six patients followed for 1 year, blood pressure and heart rate were maintained at levels similar to those during the first 4 weeks. Atenolol was shown to be an effective oral antihypertensive that has no apparent deleterious hemodynamic effects on the renal and splanchnic circulations.
Differential Diagnosis of the Taussig-Bing Heart from Complete Transposition of the Great Vessels with a Posteriorly Overriding Pulmonary Artery
Authors: ALOIS BEUREN
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The Taussig-Bing transposition bears the name of the authors who described for the first time the clinical, physiologic, and anatomic findings. It has been recognized that the malformation is physiologically not so distinct as it is anatomically and that a transposition with the same physiologic pattern but different anatomy has been observed. Several case reports have appeared in the literature in which no clear differentiation was made in regard to the second type of transposition with overriding pulmonary artery. In the latter instance there is a complete transposition of both great vessels with a posteriorly placed overriding pulmonary artery in contrast to the original Taussig-Bing heart in which the 2 vessels are side by side, the pulmonary artery being in its normal place. Following the original case report, 14 cases were seen in this clinic in which the diagnosis was established either by catheterization, angiocardiography, or autopsy. In 4 other cases, the diagnosis of a transposition with a posterior overriding pulmonary artery was made. Criteria for the differential diagnosis of these 2 lesions are pointed out. The differentiation of these 2 transpositions is of particular importance for possible surgical correction.
Reliability of ultrasonography in identification of reflux nephropathy in children
Authors: E Stokland, M Hellstrom, S Hansson, O Jodal, A Oden, B Jacobsson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<b>Objective</b>: To assess the ability of ultrasonography to identify reflux nephropathy in children after urinary tract infection. <b>Design</b>: Ten experienced radiologists performed a total of 240 ultrasonographic examinations of kidneys in a one day study. The examiners were20unaware of the results of previous radiological and clinical examinations and of the proportions of normal and abnormal kidneys. Urography was used as method of reference, supported by static renal scintigraphy (dimercaptosuccinic acid labelled with technetium-99m) in half of the cases. <b>Setting</b>: Outpatient radiology department. <b>Subjects</b>: 25 children aged 2-16 years (20 kidneys with and 30 kidneys without renal scarring). <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Renal scarring. Overall size and length of kidneys. Sensitivity and specificity including receiver operator characteristics and variation between observers. Results - With renal scarring as the diagnostic20criterion and including cases classified as abnormal, probably abnormal, and uncertain the sensitivity of ultrasonography was 54% (specificity 80%). Addition of reduced renal size as a diagnostic criterion increased the sensitivity to 64% (specificity 79%). There were, however, wide variations between observers, with sensitivity ranging between 40% and 90% (specificity 94% to 65%). <b>Conclusions</b>: Because of its low sensitivity and specificity and poor agreement between observers, ultrasonography cannot be generally recommended for the detection of reflux nephropathy after urinary tract infection in children.
Using Science to Improve the Nation's Health System
Authors: Michael S. Lauer, Francis S. Collins
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertension: A Symptomless but Dangerous Disease
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

I was brought up to believe that essential hypertension had many signs and symptoms. What was left unsaid was whether they were specific for hypertension. Headache, a plethoric visage and nose-bleed were the ones uppermost in people's minds. As knowledge grew, an array of vague signs and symptoms were added. Anxiety, palpitation, sweating, flushing and giddiness — all characteristics of neurosis — occurred to a lesser or greater degree. Ayman and Pratt1 , 2 settled the matter of their specificity by showing that neurotic patients with normal blood pressure could not be distinguished from those with essential hypertension on the basis of . . .
REPORT OF TWO THOUSAND OPERATIONS FOR THE RADICAL CURE OF HERNIAPERFORMED AT THE HOSPITAL FOR RUPTURED AND CRIPPLED FROM 1890 TO 1907.
Authors: WILLIAM T. BULL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The year 1890, the beginning of this series of cases, marks an important milestone in the history of the radical cure of hernia. This was the year that Bassini's epoch-making paper describing his method for the radical cure of inguinal hernia was published in the<i>Archives f. Klin. Chir.</i>, giving additional report of the results in 201 cases. Halsted's method, in many points similar to Bassini's, had been briefly described in the first number of the<i>Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital</i>, 1889, although Bassini's had been published in an earlier paper read before the Italian Surgical Society, 1888. But it was not until 1890 that the two methods were prominently brought before the profession. Prior to this time, beginning with Steele's first operation for the radical cure of hernia in 1874, Czerny's in 1877, Marcy's in 1878, one method after another had followed in rapid succession. While the immediate
Sturmzeichen in der Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Authors: M. Boss
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The 8th International Congress of Psychotherapy 1970 in Milan is striking evidence for the far-reaching narrowing-down of modern man's relationship with his world. What remains is an extremely possessive subjectivism. Almost only the relationship between repressive and repressed ones can be perceived in its light, if the bulk of the contributions to this congress can be trusted. This seems to be the very origin of the main forms of today's particular forms of neuroses as well as of the revolutionary up-heaval of the healthy youths. Also the modern psychotherapies are victims of this same reduction. They can, therefore, only become more effective, if their basic understanding of man and his world is radically revolutionized. A mere shift of society's structure from capitalism to the Marxism-Leninism is worthless as both of them originate from the same possessive subjectivism. Better help presupposes a much more radical leap which would lead out of the prevailing cartesian subjectivism into a phenomenological mode of existing. The philosopher Martin Heidegger has first demonstrated to man in West and East in general as well as to their psychotherapists in particular how to jump existentially.
THE DOMINANT ROLE OF THE LIVER IN PLASMA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Authors: L. L. Miller, C. G. Bly, M. L. Watson, W. F. Bale
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

A direct study of the isolated rat liver perfused with oxygenated blood containing amino acids and lysine-ϵ-C14 has yielded facts indicating that the liver synthesizes practically all the plasma fibrinogen, the albumin fraction, and probably more than 80 per cent of the plasma globulin fraction. The response of the isolated perfused liver in protein synthesis is qualitatively and quantitatively analogous to that of the intact animal, notably in (a) the ability to discriminate between natural L-lysine and D-lysine, (b) the per cent of isotopic amino acid converted to CO2, (c) the per cent utilized in liver and plasma protein synthesis. The results obtained with the perfused liver are compared and contrasted with those reported for tissue homogenates, minces, and slices.
Asymptomatic Solitary Cerebral Metastasis From Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid
Authors: Tarun Kumar Jain, Sellam Karunanithi, Punit Sharma, Maneesh Kumar Vijay, Sanjana Ballal, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Isolated asymptomatic brain metastasis in papillary carcinoma thyroid (PCT) is extremely rare. We here present such a case of a 48-year-old woman with PCT. SPECT/CT localized the 131I radiotracer concentration seen on whole-body scan in this patient to the right posterior parietal cortex, suggesting brain metastasis. Contrast-enhanced MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT confirmed the diagnosis and the patient was taken for gamma-knife radiosurgery. 131I SPECT/CT in this case accurately restaged the patient by detecting asymptomatic isolated brain metastasis and correctly directed the management strategy.
Cyclophosphamide in Lupus Nephritis: A Controlled Trial
Authors: ALFRED D. STEINBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Thirteen women with lupus nephritis were hospitalized for a 10-week double-blind therapeutic trial comparing oral cyclophosphamide with placebo. Concurrent corticosteroid therapy, up to 30 mg/day of prednisone, was permitted. Patients receiving cyclophosphamide had greater improvement than did placebo-treated patients in five indexes: anti-DNA antibodies, serum complement, urine sediment, proteinuria, and extrarenal disease. There was no difference in creatinine clearance. There was a strong positive correlation between cyclophosphamide dosage and number of indexes improved. Toxic side effects of cyclophosphamide were noted.
Mississippi state sues tobacco companies
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The state government at Mississippi is suing the 13 major US tobacco companies, who have spent more than 10 years successfully fighting off lawsuits by smokers with lung cancer and emphysema. Mississippi is demanding that the companies, along with their trade associations and public relations consultants, reimburse the southern state for its spending on diseases such as lung cancer, emphysema, and coronary artery disease. Mississippi is a poor state with a high proportion of smokers. But, unlike many of its southern neighbours, it is not a major tobacco producer. …
When I use a word . . .: Overate?
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Dilation or dilatation? asked a colleague. And if dilatation is right why isn't it dilatate?

Let's start with a Latin verb, ferre, to carry. Just as in English we give the major inflected forms of the verb (the so called paradigm) in the form present infinitive, past indicative, past participle—for example, eat, ate, eaten—so in Latin the paradigm is given in the form present indicative, present infinitive, perfect indicative, past participle or supine—for example, amo, amare, amavi, amatum.

Now words that end in -ation or -ative or -atory in English are derived from the Latin supine; amatum, for instance, gives us amatory. But derivatives of ferre come from three different words and the paradigm is highly irregular: fero, ferre, tuli, latum. So refer (from referre, literally to bring back) is related to relation (from relatum, brought back); other examples are given in the table. It is notable that words that derive from -ferre are all in common use and need no definition, while several of those that derive from -latum are either obscure or obsolete (and are defined in the table). 

Other words that have -atum in the supine but no -at- elsewhere in the paradigm also give words that end in -ation etc. For example, ambulatum (from ambulare, to walk) gives us ambulation and ambulatory.

In two cases English words derive from Latin words in which the infinitive ends in -atare and in which the -at- is therefore reduplicated in the supine; they are dilatare, to spread out, and natare, to swim. The paradigm for the former is dilato, dilatare, dilatavi, dilatatum. So we get dilate from the stem of the infinitive but dilatation from the supine. And natation, swimming, comes from natare ... natatum; “nation” as an alternative, along the lines of “dilation,” would obviously be wrong.

It follows that we should also form “dilatator” from the supine, but although this was in use at one time, for some reason we now use the incorrect form dilator. This is sanctioned by long tradition—Samuel Johnson's dictionary of 1755 has “dilatation” but “dilator.”

Johnson also included “dilation” in later editions of the dictionary, but this obsolete word is different, in more ways than one: it comes from differre (see table) and means delay (compare, dilatory). Perhaps that explains long surgical waiting lists—dilatory dilators.
Broadly reactive antibodies to hypervariable region 1 in hepatitis C virus-infected patient sera: Relation to viral loads and response to interferon
Authors: Masaki Hattori, Kentaro Yoshioka, Toshiyuki Aiyama, Kazuo Iwata, Yasuyuki Terazawa, Masatoshi Ishigami, Motoyoshi Yano, Shinichi Kakumu
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

To clarify the nature of serum anti-hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) antibodies in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), we assessed the reactivity of 21 patients' sera with 42 HVR1 proteins by Western blot. HVR1 was expressed as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST). The patients' sera reacted with variable percentages of the HVR1 proteins, and always reacted with HVR1 proteins of the different genotype. In the genotype-1b–infected patients, the percentage of genotype-1b HVR1 proteins reactive with serum correlated significantly with viral loads; the sera reactive with the higher percentages of HVR1 proteins contained the larger viral loads. In addition, it was significantly lower in the responders of interferon (IFN) therapy than in nonresponders. The competition assays indicated that multiple fractions of anti-HVR1 antibodies with different specificity in a serum reacted with different HVR1 proteins, and that, additionally, a single fraction of antibodies often reacted with more than one HVR1 protein through a similar amino acid sequence. In conclusion, serum anti-HVR1 antibodies were broadly reactive by the mechanism of both the cross-reactivity of a single fraction of anti-HVR1 antibodies with more than one HVR1 protein and the presence of multiple fractions of anti-HVR1 antibodies with different specificity in a serum. In genotype-1b–infected patients, the broad reactivity of serum anti-HVR1 antibodies correlated with viral loads and response to IFN. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the correlation among the broad reactivity of sera with multiple HVR1 proteins and clinical features of chronic hepatitis C patients.
Timing of paediatric deaths after trauma
Authors: J. Wyatt, L. McLeod, T. Beattie, D. Beard, A. Busuttil, C. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To examine the research evidence for the health consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea and the effectiveness of continuous positive airways pressure.Design: A systematic review of published research, studies being identified by searching Medline (1966-96), Embase (1974-96), and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) (1982-95); scanning citations; and consulting experts.Studies in all languages were considered which either investigated the association between obstructive sleep apnoea in adults and key health outcomes or evaluated the effectiveness of treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea with continuous positive airways pressure in adults.Main outcome measures: Mortality, systematic hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, vehicle accidents, measures of daytime sleepiness, and quality of life.Results: 54 epidemiological studies examined the association between sleep apnoea and health related outcomes.Most were poorly designed and only weak or contradictory evidence was found of an association with cardiac arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease, cardiac failure, systemic or pulmonary hypertension, and stroke.Evidence of a link with sleepiness and road traffic accidents was stronger but inconclusive.Only one small randomised controlled trial evaluated continuous positive airways pressure.Five non-randomised controlled trials and 38 uncontrolled trials were identified.Small changes in objectively measured daytime sleepiness were consistently found, but improvements in morbidity, mortality, and quality of life indicators were not adequately assessed.Conclusions: The relevance of sleep apnoea to public health has been exaggerated.The effectiveness of continuous positive airways pressure in improving health outcomes has been poorly evaluated.There is enough evidence suggesting benefit in reducing daytime sleepiness in some patients to warrant large randomised placebo controlled trials of continuous positive airways pressure versus an effective weight reduction programme and other interventions.
Five-Year Downstream Outcomes Following Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening in Older Men
Authors: Louise C. Walter, Kathy Z. Fung, Katharine A. Kirby, Ying Shi, Roxanne Espaldon, Sarah O’Brien, Stephen J. Freedland, Adam A. Powell, Richard M. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Importance: Despite ongoing controversies surrounding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, many men 65 years or older undergo screening.However, few data exist that quantify the chain of events following screening in clinical practice to better inform decisions.Objective: To quantify 5-year downstream outcomes following a PSA screening result exceeding 4.0 ng/mL in older men.Design and Setting: Longitudinal cohort study in the national Veterans Affairs health care system.Participants: In total, 295 645 men 65 years or older who underwent PSA screening in the Veterans Affairs health care system in 2003 and were followed up for 5 years using national Veterans Affairs and Medicare data.Main Outcome Measures: Among men whose index screening PSA level exceeded 4.0 ng/mL, we determined the number who underwent prostate biopsy, were diagnosed as having prostate cancer, were treated for prostate cancer, and were treated for prostate cancer and were alive at 5 years according to baseline characteristics.Biopsy and treatment complications were also assessed.Results: In total, 25 208 men (8.5%) had an index PSA level exceeding 4.0 ng/mL.During the 5-year follow-up period, 8313 men (33.0%) underwent at least 1 prostate biopsy, and 5220 men (62.8%) who underwent prostate Conclusions and Relevance: Performance of prostate biopsy is uncommon in older men with abnormal screening PSA levels and decreases with advancing age and worsening comorbidity.However, once cancer is detected on biopsy, most men undergo immediate treatment regardless of advancing age, worsening comorbidity, or low-risk cancer.Understanding downstream outcomes in clinical practice should better inform individualized decisions among older men considering PSA screening.