tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Patient With Eclampsia
Authors: David W. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE INCIDENCE of intracerebral hemorrhage accompanying nonfatal eclampsia is unknown, but this lesion is found in 10% to 60% of all deaths due to eclampsia.<sup>1,2</sup>With the advent of the noninvasive, high-resolution, imaging technique of computed cranial tomography (CT), the early diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with eclampsia can be achieved. Periventricular subependymal hemorrhage is a rare phenomenon but has been found at autopsy in cases of eclampsia in which disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or hyperemesis gravidarum had been associated.<sup>2,3</sup>We report a case of periventricular hemorrhage in a patient with eclampsia in whom the CT scan allowed precise diagnosis and rationale for management. A close correlation between the clinical course and serial CT changes was noted. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, abortus 1, in the last trimester of pregnancy was referred to the University of Iowa Hospitals, Iowa City,
The effect of ozone exposure on allergen responsiveness in subjects with asthma or rhinitis.
Authors: R Jörres, D Nowak, H Magnussen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The aim of this study was to determine whether ozone enhances bronchial responsiveness to allergens in subjects with allergic asthma, or facilitates a bronchial response in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Twenty-four subjects with mild stable allergic asthma, 12 subjects with allergic rhinitis without asthma, and 10 healthy subjects participated in the study. Subjects breathed 250 ppb ozone or filtered air (FA) for 3 h of intermittent exercise. Airway responsiveness to methacholine was determined 1 h before and after exposures, and allergen responsiveness 3 h after exposures. We determined the concentration of methacholine (PC20FEV1) and the dose of allergen (PD20FEV1) producing a 20% fall in FEV1. In the subjects with asthma, FEV1 decreased by 12.5 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- SEM; p = 0.0001), PC20FEV1 of methacholine by 0.91 +/- 0.19 doubling concentrations (p = 0.0001) and PD20FEV1 of allergen by 1.74 +/- 0.25 doubling doses (p < 0.0001) after ozone compared with FA. The changes in lung function, methacholine, and allergen responsiveness did not correlate with each other. In the subjects with rhinitis, mean FEV1 decreased by 7.8% and 1.3% when ozone or FA, respectively, were followed by allergen inhalation (p = 0.035). Therefore, our data suggest that short-term exposure to ozone can increase bronchial allergen responsiveness in subjects with mild allergic asthma or rhinitis.
HOMOPLASTIC AND HETEROPLASTIC TUMOR GRAFTS IN THE BRAIN
Authors: JAMES B. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Recently, Shirai<sup>1</sup>of Tokyo reported the interesting observation that heteroplastic tumors grow readily when inoculated into the brain, this being the first example of successful transplanting of heteroplastic tissues to normal adult animals. Previous to this, the tissues of one species had been transplanted to another only in the embryo<sup>2</sup>and in adult animals after exposure to roentgen rays.<sup>3</sup>Certain deductions had been made from these earlier experiments, which led to the conclusion that the lymphoid cell was an active and probably necessary part of the defensive mechanism against such tissue grafts. The basis for this conclusion was as follows: (<i>a</i>) Lymphocytes occur in large numbers about a heteroplastic graft. (<i>b</i>) Foreign tissues growing in the chick embryo called out no cellular reaction until after the eighteenth day of incubation, a time which corresponds with the limit of growth of the foreign tissue. After the appearance of
Birth weights of infants of first generation Asian women in Britain compared with second generation Asian women
Authors: S Dhawan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To compare birth weights of infants of first generation Asian women (women born in the Indian subcontinent) with those of infants of second generation Asian women (born in the United Kingdom). <b>Design</b>: Retrospective case note study. <b>Setting</b>: Bolton District General Hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 331 Asian women who gave birth between January 1989 and December 1989: 220 of these women were first generation Asians and 111 were second generation Asians. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Birth weights of babies born to first and second generation Asian women. <b>Results</b>: At all gestational ages at delivery, babies born to second generation Asian women were heavier than those born to first generation women. The mean birth weight for babies of second generation women was 3196g, 249g more than the mean birth weight of 2946g of babies of first generation women (P&lt;0.001). After a stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out the adjusted difference in birth weights was 280g, greater than the crude difference. <b>Conclusion</b>: Birth weights are important in relation to perinatal mortality, which is notoriously high among Asians. The results of this study indicate that there is hope for lowering of perinatal mortality and improving postnatal growth in babies of second generation Asians.
Postexposure immunoprophylaxis against B virus (Herpesvirus simiae) infection.
Authors: E A Boulter, H T Zwartouw, B Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Local infiltration of antiserum into sites inoculated with B virus protected rabbits from an otherwise fatal encephalomyelitis. Treatment was effective when delayed for six hours but not after 24 hours. Homologous rabbit antisera were more effective than heterologous monkey antisera, and protection was unrelated to neutralisation titres. Protection apparently depended not on neutralisation of inoculated virus but on destruction of infected cells before they produced progeny virus. Normal human immunoglobulin able to neutralise B virus did not protect. Intravenously administered antibody was effective only if large doses were given. The findings suggest that persons bitten or scratched by monkeys latently infected with B virus may be treated successfully by immunoprophylaxis with specific antibody. Stocks of human or of more readily available simian antisera should be held in laboratories where such animals are used.
Involvement of Src Family Protein Tyrosine Kinases in Ca <sup>2+</sup> Sensitization of Coronary Artery Contraction Mediated by a Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-Rho-Kinase Pathway
Authors: Fumiaki Nakao, Sei Kobayashi, Kimiko Mogami, Yoichi Mizukami, Satoshi Shirao, Saori Miwa, Natsuko Todoroki-Ikeda, Masaaki Ito, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

We recently reported that sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is a novel messenger for Rho-kinase-mediated Ca(2+) sensitization of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction. Subcellular localization and kinase activity of Src family protein kinases (SrcPTKs), except for c-Src, is controlled by a reversible S-palmitoylation, an event inhibited by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). We examined the possible involvement of SrcPTKs in SPC-induced Ca(2+) sensitization and effects of EPA. We used porcine coronary VSM and rat aortic VSM cells (VSMCs) in primary culture. An SrcPTKs inhibitor, PP1, and EPA inhibited SPC-induced contraction, concentration-dependently, without affecting [Ca(2+)](i) levels and the Ca(2+)-dependent contraction induced by high K(+) depolarization. A digitized immunocytochemical analysis in VSMCs revealed that SPC induced translocation of Fyn, but not of c-Src, from the cytosol to the cell membrane, an event abolished by EPA. Translocation of Rho-kinase from the cytosol to the cell membrane by SPC was also inhibited by EPA and PP1. The SPC-induced activation of SrcPTKs was blocked by EPA and PP1, but not by Y27632, an Rho-kinase inhibitor. Rho-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase induced by SPC was inhibited by EPA, PP1, and Y27632. Translocation and activation of SrcPTKs, including Fyn, play an important role in Ca(2+) sensitization of VSM contractions mediated by a SPC-Rho-kinase pathway.
A Call for Action: The Application of the International Health Regulations to the Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Didier Wernli, Thomas Haustein, John Conly, Yehuda Carmeli, Ilona Kickbusch, Stephan Harbarth
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

JC has an unpaid relationship with the World Health Organization in the Department of Global Alert and Response (Infection Prevention and Control Unit). All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.



The authors received no specific funding to write this paper. JC received financial support for a sabbatical leave from the University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.



Provenance: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Prevention of Alveolar Destruction and Airspace Enlargement in a Mouse Model of Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
Authors: Elena A. Goncharova, Dmitry A. Goncharov, Melane Fehrenbach, Irene Khavin, Blerina Ducka, Okio Hino, Thomas V. Colby, Mervyn J. Merrilees, Angela Haczku, Steven M. Albelda, Vera P. Krymskaya
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

In a mouse model of the human disease pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, treatment with rapamycin plus simvastatin prevented alveolar space enlargement and growth of TSC2-null lesions.
AURAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYPHILIS.
Authors: FRANCIS R. PACKARD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Among 2500 consecutive eases treated in the out-patient department for diseases of the ear of the Pennsylvania Hospital there have been but seven in which the trouble was distinctly of syphilitic origin. They were as follows: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —A man, white, aged 25, a musician, presented himself suffering from undoubted secondary syphilis. There was a very general squamous eruption, and he had lost a large amount of hair. He had a chancre seven months before. There were several large squamous syphilids on his right auricle. These healed completely after a course of mixed treatment, accompanied by the local application of calomel ointment. <h3>Case 2.</h3> —A woman, white, aged 27, with marked symptoms of tertiary syphilis, had been deaf in the left ear for four years, and had suddenly lost her hearing in the right ear four days before coming to the dispensary. She suffered also since the trouble in her
Vitamins C and B12-Reply
Authors: Victor Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We were interested to learn that in none of the ten patients of Afroz et al with spinal cord injury did low serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub>levels develop after more than 11 months of therapy with 4 gm of ascorbic acid daily. However, the fact that three of their ten patients had serum vitamin B12 levels above the upper limit of the normal range suggests either that their vitamin B<sub>12</sub>assay procedure is giving erroneously high results or, more likely, they are dealing with a group of patients with a high frequency of liver disease, in which situation the serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub>level is abnormally elevated despite tissue depletion of. vitamin B<sub>12</sub>. It would be useful to know whether their patients present hematologic evidence of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency, such as macroovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils in the peripheral blood, anemia, leukopenia, or granulopenia, as well
1030 EPCAM EXPRESSION BY TUMOR CELLS IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTIVE FACTOR FOR DISTANT RECURRENCE IN UNINODULAR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (≤5CM) TREATED BY RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION
Authors: N. Ganne-Carrié, N. Bärget, O. Seror, M. Aout, V. Leroy, J.-F. Blanc, N. Sturm, P. Bioulac-Sage, G. N'Kontchou, J.-C. Trinchet, E. Vicaut, M. Beaugrand, M. Ziol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
CAPON-nNOS coupling can serve as a target for developing new anxiolytics
Authors: Li-Juan Zhu, Ting-You Li, Chun-Xia Luo, Nan Jiang, Lei Chang, Yu-Hui Lin, Hai-Hui Zhou, Chen Chen, Yu Zhang, Wei Lu, Li-Yan Gao, Yu Ma, Qi-Gang Zhou, Qin Hu, Xiao-Ling Hu, Jing Zhang, Hai-Yin Wu, Dong-Ya Zhu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
CLOSURE OF WOUNDS.
Authors: MILES F. PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The methods of closing wounds now in vogue are not the best. This opinion is based on personal experience, observation of the work of others, inquiry and reading, and is the excuse I have for the presentation of this paper. I do not claim either priority or originality in the methods of wound closure advocated in this paper. My object in writing it is chiefly to urge a general adoption of the improved methods, and incidentally to show the desirability of a wider application of them than is made perhaps even by those who already use them. For aconsiderable time I thought the method of closing wounds by tier sutures of absorbable material with a subcuticular suture for coapting the skin was the acme of perfection. Now, with rather rare exceptions, I never use a stitch in either the skin or subcutaneous tissue, but use adhesive plaster instead. The plaster
Level of Asthma Control in Children after Subcutaneous Immunotherapy
Authors: Maria Isabel Garcimartin, Francisco Javier Ruano, Diana Perez Alzate, Natalia Blanca-López, Maria Luisa Somoza, Maria Vazquez De La Torre, Ana Antón-Laiseca, Maria Gabriela Canto Diez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
INTRAVENOUS EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR/UROGASTRONE INCREASES SMALL-INTESTINAL CELL PROLIFERATION IN CONGENITAL MICROVILLOUS ATROPHY
Authors: J.A. Walker-Smith, A.D. Phillips, N. Walford, H. Gregory, J.D. Fitzgerald, K. Maccullagh, N.A. Wright
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Effect of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery on Neuromechanical Coupling of the Diaphragm
Authors: FRANCO LAGHI, AMAL JUBRAN, ARZU TOPELI, PATRICK J. FAHEY, EDWARD R. GARRITY, JOSEPH M. ARCIDI, DONALD J. de PINTO, LONNIE C. EDWARDS, MARTIN J. TOBIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The mechanisms for symptomatic improvement following lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema are poorly understood. We hypothesized that enhanced neuromechanical coupling of the diaphragm is an important factor in this improvement. We studied seven patients with diffuse emphysema before and 3 mo after surgery. Patients showed improvements in 6-min walking distance (p = 0.002) and dyspnea (p = 0.04). The pressure output of the respiratory muscles, quantified as pressure-time product per minute (PTP/min), decreased after surgery (p = 0.03), as did PaCO2 (p = 0.02). Maximal transdiaphragmatic pressures (Pdimax) increased from 80.3 ± 9.5 (SE) to 110.8 ± 9.3 cm H2O after surgery (p = 0.03), and the twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure response to phrenic nerve stimulation (Pditw) increased from 17.2 ± 2.4 to 25.9 ± 3.0 cm H2O (p = 0.02); these increases were greater than could be accounted for by a decrease in lung volume. The contribution of the diaphragm to tidal breathing, assessed by relative changes in gastric and transdiaphragmatic pressures, increased after surgery (p = 0.008). Net diaphragmatic neuromechanical coupling, quantified as the quotient of tidal volume (normalized to total lung capacity) to tidal change in Pdi (normalized to Pdimax), improved after surgery (p = 0.03) and was related to the increase in 6-min walking distance (r = 0.86, p = 0.03) and decrease in dyspnea (r = 0.76, p = 0.08). In conclusion, lung volume reduction surgery effects an improvement in diaphragmatic function, greater than can be accounted for by a decrease in operating lung volume, and enhances diaphragmatic neuromechanical coupling.
Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome.
Authors: R Littlewood, S Bajada
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndromeThe Miller-Fisher variant of acute idiopathic polyneuropathy (Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome) is characterised by external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia
Small Bowel Obstruction and Perforation after Colonoscopy
Authors: A. González Ramírez, S. Ávila, L. López-Rosés, A. Lancho, E. Santos, S. Soto, S. Penín
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

A 62-year-old woman with a history of abdominal surgery (hysterectomy and appendectomy) underwent a colonoscopy because of changes in intestinal habits. The colonoscope was passed into the cecum without difficulty, with the patient under conscious sedation (midazolam plus pethidine). There were no pathological findings. Some 4 hours later the patient complained of abdominal pain and distension. Plain abdominal radiography disclosed distended loops of small and large bowel filled with gas (Figure [1]). Erect abdominal radiography showed air-fluid levels at the small bowel (Figure [2]). A diagnosis of dynamic ileus following colonoscopy with the use of pethidine was made and conservative management was adopted. At 48 hours after colonoscopy, the abdominal pain worsened and there was generalized tenderness. An urgent laparotomy was performed. There were small-bowel adhesions at a McBurney incision site in which a loop of small bowel had become trapped. Proximal to the obstruction there was a small perforation of the dilated loop.
Replication of Epstein–Barr Virus within the Epithelial Cells of Oral Hairy Leukoplakia, an AIDS-Associated Lesion
Authors: John S. Greenspan, Deborah Greenspan, Evelyne T. Lennette, Donald I. Abrams, Marcus A. Conant, Vibeke Petersen, U. Karl Freese
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We conducted a study to identify the viruses in tissue specimens of oral "hairy" leukoplakia, a lesion that is found in immunosuppressed male homosexuals and that is associated with the subsequent development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When stained for papillomavirus core antigen, 49 of 67 biopsy specimens (73 per cent) yielded positive results in epithelial-cell nuclei. Electron microscopy showed papillomavirus-like particles in all of 25 specimens, and the herpes-type virus described in a previous report was seen in 23 of the 25 specimens. Three specimens had both types of particle in the same individual epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence for herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus gave negative results in all cases, but 19 of 20 specimens showed intense nuclear staining in epithelial cells for the viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). DNA hybridization using EBV probes in Southern blots demonstrated EBV DNA in all of 13 specimens and found 200 or more viral DNA molecules per cellular genome in 11 of the 13. The whole EBV genome was also demonstrated in the specimens and found to be in linear virion form. We conclude that EBV replicates within the epithelial cells in hairy leukoplakia.
What to Advise Patients About Drinking Alcohol
Authors: Thomas A. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The current issue ofThe Journalcontains a report of yet another mechanism by which alcohol consumption may prevent the onset of coronary heart disease. Ridker et al<sup>1</sup>demonstrate an association between alcohol consumption and plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator—a major component of the fibrinolytic system. This article is consistent with the sizable literature on the protective effects of alcohol with regard to coronary heart disease<sup>2</sup>and may account for the other half of coronary disease reduction not explained by the beneficial effects of alcohol on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The article also suggests that in addition to the antiatherosclerotic effect of alcohol via HDL-C metabolism, alcohol may affect the second step in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, namely, coronary thrombosis. See also p 929. Conundrum is defined by<i>American Heritage Dictionary</i>as "a problem admitting of no satisfactory solution." The stance that the medical community
Waste and Longing — The Legal Status of Placental-Blood Banking
Authors: G J Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Waste is not always what it seems. In his Cold War novel Underworld, for example, Don DeLillo explores the multifaceted qualities of waste. “Waste,” he notes, “is the secret history, the underhistory, the way archaeologists dig out the history of early cultures, every sort of bone and broken tool, literally from under the ground.”1 And waste can also be transformed into money:They are trading garbage in the commodity pits in Chicago. They are making synthetic feces in Dallas. You can sell your testicles to a firm in Russia that will give you four thousand dollars and then remove the . . .
Haris Dias Jayasundere
Authors: Remy Perumal
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Lewisham and Colombo (b 1938; q Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1966; FRCOG), died from a heart attack in December 2005.




Figure 1




Haris Jayasundere worked in the health service in Colombo, Sri Lanka, until he came to the United Kingdom in 1972. He trained in gynaecology and obstetrics at West Suffolk General Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. He was appointed consultant in gynaecology and obstetrics to Aden Refinery Hospital, Yemen, and he was then senior registrar and locum consultant at Lewisham General Hospital. In 1981 he established a successful private consultant practice in Colombo, working until he had a stroke in 1995. He leaves a wife, Suranganie, and a son.
Bullous delayed pressure urticaria: pathogenic role for eosinophilic granulocytes?
Authors: A. Kerstan, C. Rose, D. Simon, H-U. Simon, E-B. Brocker, A. Trautmann, M. Leverkus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Bullous delayed pressure urticaria: pathogenic role for eosinophilic granulocytes? Get access A. Kerstan, A. Kerstan Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allerology, University of Würzburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Rose, C. Rose Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allerology, University of Würzburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Simon, D. Simon Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H‐U. Simon, H‐U. Simon Pharmacology, University of Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E‐B. Bröcker, E‐B. Bröcker Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allerology, University of Würzburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Trautmann, A. Trautmann Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allerology, University of Würzburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Leverkus M. Leverkus Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allerology, University of Würzburg, GermanyDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, Otto‐von Guericke‐University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany Martin Leverkus. E‐mail: martin.leverkus@medizin.uni‐magdeburg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 2, 1 August 2005, Pages 435–439, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06677.x Published: 01 August 2005 Article history Accepted: 02 February 2005 Published: 01 August 2005
On the coexistence of cognitivism and intertemporal bargaining
Authors: Keith E. Stanovich
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Although Ainslie rejects cognitivism as providing an explanation of willpower, a type of nonhomuncular cognitivism is hiding in his own proposal. The key mental mechanism of aggregating individual decisions (bundled reframings) involves representation and decoupling operations encompassed within the analytic system of dual-process mental architectures.