tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered Adrenergic Receptor Density in Myocardial Hibernation in Humans
Authors: Kesavan Shan, Roger J. Bick, Brian J. Poindexter, Sherif F. Nagueh, Sarah Shimoni, Mario S. Verani, Felix Keng, Michael J. Reardon, George V. Letsou, Jimmy F. Howell, William A. Zoghbi
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Alterations in adrenergic receptor densities can potentially contribute to myocardial dysfunction. Their relevance to myocardial hibernation in humans is unknown. Methods and Results —Accordingly, 22 transmural myocardial biopsies were obtained in 11 patients with ischemic ventricular dysfunction during bypass surgery, guided by transesophageal echocardiography. Patients underwent dobutamine echocardiography (DE) and rest scintigraphic studies before revascularization and DE at 3 to 4 months. α- and β-receptor density (ARD and BRD) and extent of fibrosis were quantified from the myocardial biopsies. Of the 22 segments, 16 had abnormal rest function and 6 were normal. Severely hypokinetic or akinetic segments showed a 2.4-fold increase in ARD with a concomitant 50% decrease in BRD compared with normal segments. An increase in ARD, a decrease in BRD to a lesser extent, and thus an increase in ARD/BRD ratio were seen in dysfunctional segments with contractile reserve compared with normal segments and were most pronounced in those without contractile reserve ( P &lt;0.001). Similar findings were observed if recovery of function or scintigraphic uptake was analyzed as a marker for viability. No significant relation between either ARD or BRD and percent myocardial fibrosis was noted ( r =0.37 and −0.39, respectively). Conclusions —Thus, graded and reciprocal changes in α- and β-adrenergic receptor densities occur in viable, hibernating myocardium and may account in part for the observed depression in resting myocardial function and preserved contractile reserve in this entity.
Risk Factors Other Than Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Macrovascular Disease
Authors: Jack H Medalie
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

A five-year prospective follow-up study was done on 10,000 adult males in Israel. The end-points of diabetes mellitus—clinical and unrecognized myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, sudden death, and hypertension—were examined. The incidence rates rise with age and vary significantly by areas of birth, with the Middle Eastern and North African subjects having the highest incidence of diabetes but the lowest cardiovascular rates. A developmental medical model based on a historical-societal perspective is proposed to explain these findings. The major factors found on multivariate analysis in the development of diabetes mellitus are compared with those of the other cardiovascular end-points mentioned above. The similarities and differences between these risk factors are discussed, and I conclude that the prevention or alleviation of diabetic macrovascular disease needs a multifactorial approach against the major risk factors of the macrovascular complications as well as those related to diabetes, in the individual, family, and community.
Loss of ischaemic preconditioning in ovariectomized rat hearts: possible involvement of impaired protein kinase C phosphorylation
Authors: K. Shinmura, M. Nagai, K. Tamaki, R. Bolli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

The aims of this study were to determine whether chronic oestrogen withdrawal influences the development of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) in female hearts, to investigate the mechanism whereby IPC is impaired, and to assess whether direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC) can mimic IPC in female hearts with chronic oestrogen depletion.We performed Sham-operation (Sham) or bilateral ovariectomy on 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats. Ovariectomized rats were randomized to subcutaneous implantation of 17beta-estradiol (OxE) or placebo (OxP) pellets. Four weeks later, isolated, perfused hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischaemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion with or without three cycles of 5 min ischaemia/5 min reperfusion. The cardioprotective effect of IPC was completely lost in the OxP group. Western immunoblots revealed that in the OxP group, IPC failed to translocate PKCepsilon to the membranous fraction and that phosphorylation of PKCepsilon (Ser(729)) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK) 1 (Ser(241)) was impaired. Oestrogen replacement restored the IPC effect, the translocation and phosphorylation of PKCepsilon, and the phosphorylation of PDK1. In the OxP group, pre-treatment with a PKCepsilon selective activator peptide (Psi-epsilonRACK) mimicked the IPC effect. Pre-treatment with a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor before IPC abrogated the translocation and phosphorylation of PKCepsilon in the Sham group.The cardioprotective effect of IPC is lost in female hearts with chronic oestrogen withdrawal and this is due, at least in part, to impaired translocation and phosphorylation of PKCepsilon. Selective activation of PKCepsilon-mediated signalling can fully restore the IPC effect in a manner analogous to oestrogen replacement.
Oral Contraceptives in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus — A Tough Pill to Swallow?
Authors: Bonnie L. Bermas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Oral contraceptives were introduced into clinical practice in the 1960s. The “pill,” as this method of contraception was quickly dubbed, was touted for its ease of administration and effectiveness. The subsequent wide use of oral contraceptives provided women with invaluable reproductive choices and social opportunities.1 As a result, the pill has been called one of the most socially important advances of the modern medical era.2 Yet for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, there has been an implicit moratorium on prescribing these medications because of concerns that exogenous estrogens could potentially exacerbate disease symptoms.The large ratio of women to men . . .
Changes in Surface Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins and Progression of Heart Transplant Vasculopathy
Authors: Suzanne Fateh-Moghadam, Wolfgang Bocksch, Andreas Ruf, Timm Dickfeld, Michael Schartl, Gisela Pogátsa-Murray, Roland Hetzer, Eckart Fleck, Meinrad Gawaz
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Transplant vasculopathy is the main limiting factor of the long-term success of heart transplantation. We sought to establish the role of platelets in the development and progression of transplant vasculopathy. Methods and Results —Platelet analysis and intracoronary ultrasound examination were performed in 78 heart transplant recipients. Quantitative intracoronary ultrasound was used to define the severity of disease at baseline (48.8±4.5 months after transplantation) and at 1-year follow-up. Platelet activation was assessed with the use of immunological surface markers of activation (ligand-induced binding site 1 [LIBS-1], P-selectin, GPIIb-IIIa) and flow cytometry. We found that LIBS-1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in patients with diffuse disease when compared with focal transplant disease (median [quartile], 27[14, 64] versus 18[7.9, 47], P =0.04). In a logistic regression model, we found that LIBS-1 was an independent predictor for the presence and progression of diffuse transplant vasculopathy ( P =0.04). Patients with enhanced LIBS-1 levels (&gt;75% quartile) had a 3.3-fold increased relative risk (95% CI 1.8 and 18.9, P =0.002) for the presence of diffuse transplant vasculopathy. When a cutoff value of 16.5 for the level of LIBS-1 was used, patients had a 4.8-fold increased relative risk (95% CI 1.9 and 12.5, P &lt;0.01) for the progression of transplant vasculopathy. Conclusions —Enhanced platelet activation is strongly associated with the development and progression of transplant vasculopathy. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms might contribute to the development of treatment strategies to prevent transplant vasculopathy.
Prostatic Lymphatic Drainage With Sentinel Nodes at the Ventral Abdominal Wall Visualized With SPECT/CT
Authors: Lenka Vermeeren, Willem Meinhardt, Renato A. Valdes Olmos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Lymphatic drainage from the prostate is mainly directed towards pelvic sentinel lymph nodes, although presacral and para-aortic sentinel nodes have also been found with lymphatic mapping. In this case series, we describe direct lymphatic drainage towards the anterior abdominal wall in 3 patients with prostate cancer. In one patient, the sentinel node at the anterior abdominal wall contained metastasis. Sentinel node sampling provides the possibility to map all nodes on a direct drainage pathway, in contrast to regional pelvic nodal dissection with which some sentinel nodes may be missed.
Bone Marrow Transplantation for Genetic Diseases
Authors: William Krivit, Chester B. Whitley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Four recent editorials in the Journal have reviewed the potential for increasing the therapeutic armamentarium for genetic disease.1 2 3 4 Bone marrow transplantation has been considered in each of these editorials.Now, in this issue of the Journal, Lucarelli et al. present impressive data on the use of marrow transplantation for the treatment of β-thalassemia.5 In severely affected patients 8 to 15 years of age, functional engraftment as measured by correction of the hematologic abnormality has been produced. In the future, clinical success will be measured by continued freedom from hemolysis and the necessity of repeated transfusions, resulting in an eventual . . .
Periostin promotes chronic allergic inflammation in response to Th2 cytokines
Authors: Miho Masuoka, Hiroshi Shiraishi, Shoichiro Ohta, Shoichi Suzuki, Kazuhiko Arima, Shigehisa Aoki, Shuji Toda, Naoki Inagaki, Yuichi Kurihara, Sayaka Hayashida, Satoshi Takeuchi, Kenta Koike, Junya Ono, Hirokazu Noshiro, Masutaka Furue, Simon J. Conway, Yutaka Narisawa, Kenji Izuhara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Allergic inflammation triggered by exposure of an allergen frequently leads to the onset of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and bronchial asthma. The mechanisms underlying chronicity in allergic inflammation remain unresolved. Periostin, a recently characterized matricellular protein, interacts with several cell surface integrin molecules, providing signals for tissue development and remodeling. Here we show that periostin is a critical mediator for the amplification and persistence of allergic inflammation using a mouse model of skin inflammation. Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 stimulated fibroblasts to produce periostin, which interacted with αv integrin, a functional periostin receptor on keratinocytes, inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines, which consequently accelerated Th2-type immune responses. Accordingly, inhibition of periostin or αv integrin prevented the development or progression of allergen-induced skin inflammation. Thus, periostin sets up a vicious circle that links Th2-type immune responses to keratinocyte activation and plays a critical role in the amplification and chronicity of allergic skin inflammation.
Families affected by heart disease in India spend over a quarter of income on healthcare, report shows
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Households in India affected by cardiovascular disease spent 27.2% of their total household budget on out-of-pocket healthcare expenses compared with 10.7% in the matched controls over a 15 day reference period (P<0.01), a new survey has shown.

The study, which was published in Tropical Medicine and International Health ,1 used information from India’s National Sample Survey Office from 2004 to estimate the economic burden of cardiovascular disease in Indian homes.

The study also showed that hospital admissions from households that had a family member with heart disease cost 4.5 times more each year than admissions from families that had no heart disease. …
48. The Long-Term Effects of SERCA2a Overexpression in Large Animal Model of Heart Failure
Authors: Yoshiaki Kawase, Ryuichi Yoneyama, Kozo Hoshino, Jennifer McGregor, Thanh-Thao Ton-Nu, Tom G. Neilan, Robert A. Levine, Judy Hung, Motoya Hayase, Federica del Monte, Roger Hajjar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Background: The acute overexpression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) by gene transfer has been shown to restore normal contractile function in rodent models of heart failure and is a promising therapy for chronic heart failure. However the long-term efficacy has not been cleared yet in a large animal model.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the long-term efficacy of SERCA2a gene expression in a porcine model of heart failure.

Methods: A total 13 animals underwent rupture of posterior mitral valve chordae to create severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR) using a percutaneous approach. Four pigs died after MR creation. Nine pigs with MR were then divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=5): Treated with adeno-associated virus type 6 (AAV6) encoding SERCA2a under the control of a CMV promoter and Group 2 (n=4): Treated with AAV6 encoding for b-galactosidase (bgal). Viral solution containing 5|[times]|1013 genomes/ml was injected through coronary artery with coronary vein occlusion 1 month after MR creation. Left ventricular (LV) function was examined 1 month and 3 month after MR creation by echo and hemodynamics data.

Results: The comparison of echo data between 1 month and 3 month after MR creation showed significant dilatation of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (51.8|[plusmn]|3.7 vs 56.9|[plusmn]|6.8; p<0.05), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) (31.7|[plusmn]|3.0 vs 36.2|[plusmn]|3.1; p<0.05) but left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (62.5|[plusmn]|2.7 vs 58.6|[plusmn]|7.5; p=ns) was well preserved in Group 1 despite severe MR. There was also no significant hemodynamics change between 1 month and 3 month after MR creation in Group 1: heart rate (HR) (88.0|[plusmn]|11.6, 89.2|[plusmn]|17.3; p=ns), end-systolic blood pressure (BP) (79.8|[plusmn]|5.5, 82.6|[plusmn]|12.3; p=ns), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (14.4|[plusmn]|6.3, 12.8|[plusmn]|3.4; p=ns), maximal rate of LV pressure rise (+dp/dt) (815.2|[plusmn]|152.9, 1198.6|[plusmn]|543.6; p=ns).

Conclusions: SERCA2a gene transfer prevented the progression of congestive hear failure in swine with severe MR. (See Tables 1 and 2)
Psychopharmacological Screening Criteria Development Project
Authors: Richard Dorsey
Journal: JAMA (1979)

PSYCHOTROPIC medications compose one of the largest classes of prescription drugs in the United States, and they are used extensively by psychiatrists and nonpsychiatric physicians.<sup>1,2</sup>For this reason alone, assurance of proper prescribing practices has major public health implications. In addition, the desires of government agencies to assess the performance of health care programs they fund or operate has led to the development of several sets of psychopharmacological criteria at the federal, state, and local levels.<sup>3-5</sup>To provide a uniform set of scientifically accurate, professionally acceptable model screening criteria useful on a nationwide basis, the National Institute of Mental Health contracted with the American Psychiatric Association (APA). A task force comprising expert psychopharmacologists developed criteria that have been approved by the Peer Review Committee of the APA as applicable to general psychiatric practice. Comments on these criteria were also sought from members of the Committee on Professional Standards
Autoclaving of Tonometers
Authors: Alan L. Sklar
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent QUESTION AND ANSWER (232:849, 1975), the comments by Dr Samuel B. Harper of Madison, Wis, have been noted. We would like to mention that our company's Schiotz tonometers, bearing serial numbers 70-2400 and up, may be autoclaved. Dr Harper's contention that the tonometer is a delicate instrument is quite correct, but if reasonable care is exercised when placing the instrument in an autoclave, the instrument will not be damaged in any way and is capable of being completely autoclaved.
Multiple Polyploidy Events in the Early Radiation of Nodulating and Nonnodulating Legumes
Authors: Steven B. Cannon, Michael R. McKain, Alex Harkess, Matthew N. Nelson, Sudhansu Dash, Michael K. Deyholos, Yanhui Peng, Blake Joyce, Charles N. Stewart, Megan Rolf, Toni Kutchan, Xuemei Tan, Cui Chen, Yong Zhang, Eric Carpenter, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Jeff J. Doyle, Jim Leebens-Mack
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Unresolved questions about evolution of the large and diverse legume family include the timing of polyploidy (whole-genome duplication; WGDs) relative to the origin of the major lineages within the Fabaceae and to the origin of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Previous work has established that a WGD affects most lineages in the Papilionoideae and occurred sometime after the divergence of the papilionoid and mimosoid clades, but the exact timing has been unknown. The history of WGD has also not been established for legume lineages outside the Papilionoideae. We investigated the presence and timing of WGDs in the legumes by querying thousands of phylogenetic trees constructed from transcriptome and genome data from 20 diverse legumes and 17 outgroup species. The timing of duplications in the gene trees indicates that the papilionoid WGD occurred in the common ancestor of all papilionoids. The earliest diverging lineages of the Papilionoideae include both nodulating taxa, such as the genistoids (e.g., lupin), dalbergioids (e.g., peanut), phaseoloids (e.g., beans), and galegoids (=Hologalegina, e.g., clovers), and clades with nonnodulating taxa including Xanthocercis and Cladrastis (evaluated in this study). We also found evidence for several independent WGDs near the base of other major legume lineages, including the Mimosoideae-Cassiinae-Caesalpinieae (MCC), Detarieae, and Cercideae clades. Nodulation is found in the MCC and papilionoid clades, both of which experienced ancestral WGDs. However, there are numerous nonnodulating lineages in both clades, making it unclear whether the phylogenetic distribution of nodulation is due to independent gains or a single origin followed by multiple losses.
Distinctive AgNOR patterns of myeloid and lymphoid blasts in acute leukemia
Authors: Durjoy K Shome, Nita Khurana
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Bone-marrow aspiration smears of 38 cases of acute leukemia (19 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 19 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia) were stained for argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNOR). AgNOR were assessed numerically and morphologically. There were highly significant differences in AgNOR morphology between acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia ANLL: lymphoblast AgNORs were usually small (<3 μm) “dots/chips,” whereas myeloblasts showed larger “blebs,” or a combination of the two types (complex structures). AgNOR number was significantly less in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cases, AgNOR number also showed direct correlation with Ki67 reactivity of leukemic blasts. Am. J. Hematol. 61:149–152, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nfil3 is required for the development of all innate lymphoid cell subsets
Authors: Cyril Seillet, Lucille C. Rankin, Joanna R. Groom, Lisa A. Mielke, Julie Tellier, Michael Chopin, Nicholas D. Huntington, Gabrielle T. Belz, Sebastian Carotta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) populations protect against infection and are essential for lymphoid tissue formation and tissue remodeling after damage. Nfil3 is implicated in the function of adaptive immune lineages and NK cell development, but it is not yet known if Nfil3 regulates other innate lymphoid lineages. Here, we identify that Nfil3 is essential for the development of Peyer’s patches and ILC2 and ILC3 subsets. Loss of Nfil3 selectively reduced Peyer’s patch formation and was accompanied by impaired recruitment and distribution of lymphocytes within the patches. ILC subsets exhibited high Nfil3 expression and genetic deletion of Nfil3 severely compromised the development of all subsets. Subsequently, Nfil3−/− mice were highly susceptible to disease when challenged with inflammatory or infectious agents. Thus, we demonstrate that Nfil3 is a key regulator of the development of ILC subsets essential for immune protection in the lung and gut.
Prevalence and characteristics of children with chronic respiratory symptoms in eastern Finland
Authors: KL Timonen, J Pekkanen, M Korppi, M Vahteristo, RO Salonen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms in Finland. We also wondered whether chronic cough may be an indicator of occult asthma. Prevalence and characteristics of children with doctor-diagnosed asthma and chronic respiratory symptoms were investigated in 7-12 year old school children from eastern Finland by using a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. In addition, skin-prick tests, flow-volume spirometry, and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurements were performed in children reporting chronic respiratory symptoms. The parent-reported prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 4.4%, of wheezing 5.4%, of attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing 4.6%, and of dry cough at night 12%. Children with dry cough only (n = 195) had less frequent parental asthma, self-reported allergies, daily respiratory medication, and moisture stains or molds at home than asthmatic children (n = 180), but these findings were more frequent than among asymptomatic children (n = 2,169). The prevalence of at least one positive skin-prick test result was 79% among the asthmatic children and 55% among children with dry cough only. There were no differences between the two symptom groups in serum total IgE levels and spirometric lung functions, except in maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) values, which were significantly lower among children with asthmatic symptoms. The present results support the hypothesis that chronic cough may be an indicator of occult asthma. Therefore, to improve the sensitivity of respiratory questionnaires designed to detect asthma, they should also include questions on chronic cough.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Social Workers in Hospitals
Authors: P. E. Baldry
Journal: BMJ (1973)

student" is not the one for whom both my patients and I are so grateful.A con- sultant responsible for a clinical service must accept a major responsibility for the calibre of his team and for delegation of duties to its members.He should learn as well as teach, and I am grateful for all that social workers have taught me concerning the difficulties and at times tragedies complicating the lives of patients.This information has proved vitally important in the planning of treatment and postoperative care.-Iam, etc.
828-3 Chronic cure rate after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation: Impact of a second ablation
Authors: Mandeep Bhargava, Nassir F Marrouche, David O Martin, David Burkhardt, Yaariv Khaykin, George Joseph, Antonio Rossillo, Eduardo Saad, Robert A Schweikert, Walid I Saliba, Patrick J Tchou, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Driven by T-bet Deficiency in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Wendy S. Garrett, Shivesh Punit, Carey A. Gallini, Monia Michaud, Dorothy Zhang, Kirsten S. Sigrist, Graham M. Lord, Jonathan N. Glickman, Laurie H. Glimcher
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)