tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral-resident natural Th17 cells and γδ T cells control opportunistic <i>Candida albicans</i> infections
Authors: Heather R. Conti, Alanna C. Peterson, Lucas Brane, Anna R. Huppler, Nydiaris Hernández-Santos, Natasha Whibley, Abhishek V. Garg, Michelle R. Simpson-Abelson, Gregory A. Gibson, Anna J. Mamo, Lisa C. Osborne, Shrinivas Bishu, Nico Ghilardi, Ulrich Siebenlist, Simon C. Watkins, David Artis, Mandy J. McGeachy, Sarah L. Gaffen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. OPC is frequent in HIV/AIDS, implicating adaptive immunity. Mice are naive to Candida, yet IL-17 is induced within 24 h of infection, and susceptibility is strongly dependent on IL-17R signaling. We sought to identify the source of IL-17 during the early innate response to candidiasis. We show that innate responses to Candida require an intact TCR, as SCID, IL-7Rα−/−, and Rag1−/− mice were susceptible to OPC, and blockade of TCR signaling by cyclosporine induced susceptibility. Using fate-tracking IL-17 reporter mice, we found that IL-17 is produced within 1–2 d by tongue-resident populations of γδ T cells and CD3+CD4+CD44hiTCRβ+CCR6+ natural Th17 (nTh17) cells, but not by TCR-deficient innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) or NK cells. These cells function redundantly, as TCR-β−/− and TCR-δ−/− mice were both resistant to OPC. Whereas γδ T cells were previously shown to produce IL-17 during dermal candidiasis and are known to mediate host defense at mucosal surfaces, nTh17 cells are poorly understood. The oral nTh17 population expanded rapidly after OPC, exhibited high TCR-β clonal diversity, and was absent in Rag1−/−, IL-7Rα−/−, and germ-free mice. These findings indicate that nTh17 and γδ T cells, but not ILCs, are key mucosal sentinels that control oral pathogens.
Translating the Diabetes Prevention Program Into American Indian and Alaska Native Communities
Authors: Luohua Jiang, Spero M. Manson, Janette Beals, William G. Henderson, Haixiao Huang, Kelly J. Acton, Yvette Roubideaux
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The landmark Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) showed that lifestyle intervention can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes for those at risk. We evaluated a translational implementation of this intervention in a diverse set of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities.The Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention (SDPI-DP) demonstration project implemented the DPP lifestyle intervention among 36 health care programs serving 80 tribes. A total of 2,553 participants with prediabetes were recruited and started intervention by 31 July 2008. They were offered the 16-session Lifestyle Balance Curriculum and underwent a thorough clinical assessment for evaluation of their diabetes status and risk at baseline, soon after completing the curriculum (postcurriculum), and annually for up to 3 years. Diabetes incidence was estimated. Weight loss, changes in blood pressure and lipid levels, and lifestyle changes after intervention were also evaluated.The completion rates of SDPI-DP were 74, 59, 42, and 33% for the postcurriculum and year 1, 2, and 3 assessments, respectively. The crude incidence of diabetes among SDPI-DP participants was 4.0% per year. Significant improvements in weight, blood pressure, and lipid levels were observed immediately after the intervention and annually thereafter for 3 years. Class attendance strongly correlated with diabetes incidence rate, weight loss, and change in systolic blood pressure.Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential of translating the lifestyle intervention in diverse AI/AN communities. They have important implications for future dissemination and institutionalization of the intervention throughout the Native American health system.
Recognition of an endothelial determinant for CD 18-dependent human neutrophil adherence and transendothelial migration.
Authors: C W Smith, R Rothlein, B J Hughes, M M Mariscalco, H E Rudloff, F C Schmalstieg, D C Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Human neutrophil (PMN) attachment to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated in vitro using two MAbs, R6-5-D6 and RR1/1, that recognize intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and one MAb, TS1/18, that recognizes CD18. Pretreatment of the HUVEC with anti-ICAM-1 MAbs produced greater than 50% inhibition of attachment to HUVEC, and IL-1 (0.5 U/ml)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/ml)-stimulated HUVEC, and greater than 99% inhibition of f-Met-Leu-Phe (0.5 nM) enhanced adherence. Anti-ICAM-1 MAbs also inhibited by greater than 85% the transendothelial migration induced by 4-h IL-1 (0.5 U/ml) and LPS (10 ng/ml) activation of the HUVEC. That these effects involved a CD18-dependent mechanism is supported by the following results: pretreatment of PMN with TS1/18 produced the same degree of inhibition of attachment and migration as seen with R6-5-D6. In addition, the use of both MAbs together did not further increase the inhibition of cell attachment to stimulated HUVEC. The attachment of PMN from patients with CD18 deficiency to stimulated HUVEC was not reduced by R6-5-D6, and both R6-5-D6 and TS1/18 revealed the same time course for appearance and disappearance of an adherence component on stimulated HUVEC not blocked by either MAb. These results demonstrate that attachment and transendothelial migration of PMN in vitro depend substantially on both CD18 on the PMN and ICAM-1 on the endothelial cell.
FAULTY DIET AND ITS RELATION TO THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
Authors: P. G. SHIPLEY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

It is not so many years ago that students of nutrition were told that a perfect diet must include at least sufficient protein to replace that which was consumed by the life processes of the body, and energy-furnishing substances (carbohydrate and fat), as well as sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, sulphur, phosphorus and chlorin. The latter substances, except sulphur, could be taken in as inorganic salts. When, however, it became possible through the advances in physiologicochemical methods to obtain sufficient amounts of purified proteins and amino-acids, feeding experiments were begun to ascertain, if possible, the relative biologic value of various dietary constituents. Analysis of diet by biologic methods (feeding experiments) soon showed that the foregoing food constituents were not in themselves sufficient to maintain life and function in the animal body. For many years the attention of physicians had been directed toward diet as a factor in the production of
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents and the Mechanism of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Frank F. Davidoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE search for oral agents to lower the blood sugar has been in progress ever since hyperglycemia was found to characterize diabetes mellitus. The pathway leading to trial of the first such oral agent was tortuous: since the late 1870's guanidine had been known to produce muscle spasms. When it was discovered that guanidine levels in blood appear to rise after parathyroidectomy, guanidine was held responsible for parathyroprival tettany. In 1918, soon after hypoglycemia was described in parathyroidectomized dogs, Watanabe1 began to investigate the effects of guanidine on blood sugar. It lowered the blood sugar, though, to be sure, not . . .
THE MODERN DENTIST FROM A MEDICAL STANDPOINT.
Authors: William Knight
Journal: JAMA (1902)

One result of the Baconian method of research has been to enlighten both the scientific and the professional mind. Previous to the time of Bacon, scholastic arrogance prevailed, and the votaries of the then dawning sciences kept themselves aloof from a large portion of their fellow beings, whom they regarded with the greatest contempt or indifference. Scholasticism, long decaying, received its death-blow from Bacon. It, however, struggled desperately against its destruction and, so persistent has been the contest, that at the present day there remains a remnant of that haughty arrogance. But that is slowly disappearing before the radiance that is glowing from the secrets of ethical and physical laws that are now being revealed to man. This advance in knowledge has gradually developed a fraternal feeling among the various investigators in not only the closer, but also the more distantly allied branches of science. This accession in science has
Penicillamine as Lead-chelating Substance in Man
Authors: W. T. L. Ohlsson
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL JOURNA added to 20 ml. of N/4 NaOH.Results were read on the Spekker absorptiometer using an Ilford No. 8 red filter.Standard curves were prepared as follows: into three tubes were added (1) 0.5 ml. of working standard and 1.5 ml. of water; (2) 1 ml. of working standard and 1 ml. of water; and (3) 2 ml. of working standard.To each tube were then added 20 ml. of N/4 NaOH and 3 ml. of dilute Folin and Ciocalteau reagent, which were mixed and read on the Spekker absorptiometer.Calculation was as described by Edwards et al. (1960). ResultsAccuracy of Method.-The 44estimations made on 12 specimens of plasma gave a coefficient of variation of 17.8%.Variation of Plasma Pepsinogen in Patient.-A total of 107 serial estimations were made on 26 patients on a two-hourly basis beginning at 7.30 a.m.The coefficient of variation proved to be 31 %.Random Levels on Patients.-TheTable shows a frequency distribution of various levels of plasma pepsinogen in 521 patients with various diagnoses.The diagnosis of non-organic dyspepsia was established by radiographic exclusion of peptic ulcer, gastritis, and Frequency Distribution of Grouped Random Single Plasma Pepsinogen Levels in 521 Patients with Various Diagnoses Plasma Pepsinogen (units/ml.)
Relation of Private or Clinic Care to the Cesarean Birth Rate
Authors: Roberta Haynes de Regt, Howard L. Minkoff, Joseph Feldman, Richard H. Schwarz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The rising rate of cesarean births in the United States has been the focus of academic attention as well as attention from the media during the past decade. Although there is a consensus about the indications for cesarean delivery that have led to the increased rate (dystocia, malpresentation, fetal distress, and previous cesarean delivery), the influence of other key factors, such as whether the patient received care from a private physician or through a hospital clinic, has not been established. In a review of 65,647 deliveries in four Brooklyn hospitals between 1977 and 1982, we found that private physicians performed significantly more cesarean sections than house officers and attending physicians. Private patients giving birth to their first child were significantly more likely than clinic patients to undergo cesarean delivery if dystocia, malpresentation, or fetal distress was diagnosed, and private patients with one or more previous deliveries were significantly more likely to undergo cesarean delivery if dystocia or malpresentation was diagnosed. Private patients had fewer perinatal deaths, which were concentrated among infants with birth weights under 2000 g, but the infants of private patients had a significantly higher rate of low Apgar scores and birth injuries than the infants of clinic patients.
Prior feeding Alters the Response to the 50-g Glucose Challenge Test in Pregnancy: The Staub-Traugott Effect revisited
Authors: Gary F Lewis, Colleen McNally, John D Blackman, Kenneth S Polonsky, William M Barron
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of prior meal ingestion on the glucose, insulin, and C-peptide response to a 50-g glucose challenge test in the third trimester of pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ten pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 12 nondiabetic pregnant control subjects matched for age and weight underwent a 50-g glucose challenge test on three occasions within a 2-wk period, in random order. On one occasion the test was administered in the fasting state (fasting glucose challenge test), on a second occasion the test was administered 1 h after ingestion of a standard mixed meal (1-h postprandial study), and on a third occasion the test was administered 2 h after ingestion of a standard mixed meal (2-h postprandial study). RESULTS In the control subjects, the plasma glucose level 1 h after ingestion of 50 g of glucose was higher in the fasting study (7.8 ±0.4 mM, 7 of 12 subjects with glucose ≥7.8 mM) than in the 1-h postprandial study (6.7 ± 0.3 mM, 3 of 12 subjects with glucose ≥7.8 mM) and the 2-h postprandial study (6.3 ± 0.4 mM, 3 of 12 with glucose ≥7.8 mM) (P &amp;lt; 0.01). In the postprandial studies of control subjects, insulin and C-peptide levels were higher at the time of ingestion of the 50 g of glucose, but the early (1 h) insulin secretory response was less than in the fasting study. In the diabetic patients, glucose levels 1 h after 50-g glucose ingestion were similar in the fasting study (10.5 ± 0.4 mM, no subjects with glucose value &amp;lt;7.8 mM) and the 1-h postprandial study (11.0 ± 0.6 mM, 1 subject with glucose &amp;lt;7.8 mM), but was lower in the 2-h postprandial study (9.3 ± 0.3 mM, 1 subject with glucose &amp;lt;7.8 mM) (P &amp;lt; 0.03). In contrast to the control subjects, the insulin secretory response to 50 g of oral glucose was greater in the two postprandial studies than in the fasting study. CONCLUSIONS We have reached the following conclusions. 1) In nondiabetic gravidas, plasma glucose concentrations 1 h after ingestion of a 50-g oral glucose load are higher if administered in the fasting state compared with the postprandial state. 2) During normal pregnancy the Staub-Traugott Effect, i.e., improved glucose disposal after successive glucose load administrations, occurs and appears to be caused by mechanisms other than enhanced insulin secretion with successive glucose loads. 3) The effect of the prandial state on plasma glucose response to the 50-g glucose challenge test used to screen for gestational diabetes mellitus may be of sufficient magnitude to significantly alter the operating characteristics, i.e., sensitivity and specificity, of this test.
Appropriate prescribing in asthma and its related cost in east London
Authors: J. Naish, P. Sturdy, P. Toon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine the patterns of preventive to reactive prescribing for asthma among general practices in the City and East London Family Health Services Authority area and their relation to prescribing cost. <b>Design</b>: Descriptive study of asthma prescribing during April 1992 to March 1993. Prescribing data were linked with general practice and population data on one database. <b>Setting</b>: City and East London Family Health Services Authority area, including all general practices in contract with the authority, which covers the inner city London Boroughs of Hackney, Tower Hamlets, and Newham and the Corporation of the City of London. <b>Subjects</b>: All 163 general practices as at 1 June 1993. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Ratios of prescribed inhaled corticosteroids plus cromoglycates (prophylactic treatment) to bronchodilators; distribution of the cost of asthma prescribing; distribution of overall generic prescribing; proportion of asthma generic prescribing; distribution of cost of overall drugs prescribed per prescribing unit. <b>Results</b>: Practices approved for band 3 health promotion or asthma surveillance and those with a general practitioner trainer had on average higher ratios of prophylactic to bronchodilator treatment and significantly higher asthma drug costs than other practices. Those practices with high levels of overall generic prescribing had significantly higher prophylactic to bronchodilator ratios than thosewith lower levels of generic prescribing. Practices with higher levels of asthma drug generic prescribing also had significantly higher prophylactic prescribing. However, the proportion of generically prescribed asthma drugs was lower than overall generic prescribing. There was no correlation between the ratio of prophylactic to bronchodilator asthma prescribing and the proportion of overall drugs expenditure, but high spending practices spent significantly more on asthma drugs. <b>Conclusions</b>: Pressure to reduce the cost of asthma prescribing may lead to a lowering of the ratio of prophylactic to bronchodilator treatments. However, reducing prophylactic prescribing would run contrary to the British Thoracic Society guidelines and might worsen the quality of asthma care. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Practices approved for vocational training, asthma surveillance, or band 3 health promotion show a higher level of prophylactic prescribing A higher level of prophylactic prescribing suggests that these practices are fo In asthma prescribing good clinical practice and cost consciousness do not seem to run together Pressure to reduce the costs of asthma prescribing may lead to a reduction in prophylactic treatment and lower the quality of asthma care
Authors of Academia, Unite!
Authors: HARRY S. ABRAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 July 1972Authors of Academia, Unite!HARRY S. ABRAM, M.D.HARRY S. ABRAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-1-153_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: For a recent manuscript that I sent to a well-known journal I had to sign a pledge that it was not being submitted for publication elsewhere. (Of course it is understood among authors that this policy holds, even if unwritten, and I suppose the honor system holds most authors to this understanding.) After sending off the manuscript I assume it may take 6 months more or less to hear if it is accepted, that there is a good chance that it will not be, and that even if it is it will be another 6 to 9...Reference1. INGELFINGER F: Medical literature: the campus without tumult. Science 169:831-837, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1972Volume 77, Issue 1Page: 153-154 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>Mycoplasma Hyorhinis</i> Infection Promotes NF-<b>κ</b>B–Dependent Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Hongying Duan, Ling Chen, Like Qu, Hua Yang, Sonya Wei Song, Yong Han, Meihua Ye, Wanyuan Chen, Xianglei He, Chengchao Shou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Chronic infection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) has been postulated to be associated with several types of cancer, but its effect on patients' survival and host factors mediating its infection remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that M. hyorhinis p37 protein expression in gastric cancer tissues predicts poor survival and associates with metastasis. M. hyorhinis infects mammalian cells and promotes gastric cancer cell invasiveness via its membrane protein p37. Synthesized peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of p37 prevents M. hyorhinis infection. Host Annexin A2 (ANXA2) interacts with the N-terminus of p37. In addition, EGFR forms a complex with p37 and ANXA2, and is required for M. hyorhinis-induced phosphorylation and membrane recruitment of ANXA2. M. hyorhinis infection is inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of ANXA2 or EGFR, but is enhanced by expression of ectopic ANXA2 or EGFR. Downstream of ANXA2 and EGFR, the NF-κB pathway is activated and mediates M. hyorhinis-driven cell migration. In conclusion, our study unveils the effect of M. hyorhinis infection on gastric cancer survival and uncovers the mechanisms by which M. hyorhinis infects mammalian cells and promotes cancer cell migration.
Induction of severe autoimmune disease in normal mice by simultaneous action of multiple immunostimulators.
Authors: L M Hang, M T Aguado, F J Dixon, A N Theofilopoulos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Either of two immunostimulating factors (lpr, lipopolysaccharide) enhanced the pathogenic autoimmune responses of MRL/n mice, but the serologic and immunopathologic characteristics differed. In contrast, either factor acting alone, caused minimal immunopathology in normal mice, despite autoantibody induction. Combined immunostimulation, however, caused fatal glomerulonephritis in normal-background C57BL/6 mice. These results show the profound influence of the background genome on the effects of immunostimulating agents, and show that resistance to autoimmune disease in immunologically normal mice is not absolute.
New variantCJD found in tonsils
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A new test has been developed for diagnosing new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease using samples of tissue taken from tonsils. New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) is thought to be transmitted to humans from beef infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The test will be used to estimate how many people in the United Kingdom have been infected with and are likely to die from nvCJD.

Researchers from Imperial College and St Mary's Hospital in London …
Integrated pest management in an urban community: a successful partnership for prevention.
Authors: Barbara L Brenner, Steven Markowitz, Maribel Rivera, Harry Romero, Matthew Weeks, Elizabeth Sanchez, Elena Deych, Anjali Garg, James Godbold, Mary S Wolff, Philip J Landrigan, Gertrud Berkowitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Pesticides, applied in large quantities in urban communities to control cockroaches, pose potential threats to health, especially to children, who have proportionately greater exposures and unique, developmentally determined vulnerabilities. Integrated pest management (IPM) relies on nonchemical tools--cleaning of food residues, removal of potential nutrients, and sealing cracks and crevices. Least toxic pesticides are used sparingly. To evaluate IPM's effectiveness, the Mount Sinai Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center, in partnership with two community health centers in East Harlem, New York City (NY, USA), undertook a prospective intervention trial. Families (n = 131) enrolled when mothers came to the centers for prenatal care. Household cockroach infestation was measured by glue traps at baseline and 6 months afterward. The intervention group received individually tailored IPM education, repairs, least-toxic pest control application, and supplies, with biweekly pest monitoring for 2 months and monthly for 4 months. The control group, residing in East Harlem and demographically and socioeconomically similar to the intervention group, received an injury prevention intervention. The proportion of intervention households with cockroaches declined significantly after 6 months (from 80.5 to 39.0%). Control group levels were essentially unchanged (from 78.1 to 81.3%). The cost, including repairs, of individually tailored IPM was equal to or lower than traditional chemically based pest control. These findings demonstrate that individually tailored IPM can be successful and cost-effective in an urban community.