tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with high defibrillation thresholds. A multicenter study.
Authors: A E Epstein, K A Ellenbogen, K A Kirk, G N Kay, S M Dailey, V J Plumb
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Successful defibrillation by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) depends on its ability to deliver shocks that exceed the defibrillation threshold. This study was designed to identify clinical characteristics that may predict the finding of an elevated defibrillation threshold and to describe the outcome of patients with high defibrillation thresholds. METHODS AND RESULTS The records of 1,946 patients from 12 centers were screened to identify 90 patients (4.6%) with a defibrillation threshold greater than or equal to 25 J. Excluding three patients who received ICDs that delivered greater than 30 J, there were 81 men and six women with a mean age of 59.5 +/- 10.1 years, a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.32 +/- 0.14, and a 76% prevalence of coronary artery disease. Sixty-one patients (70%) were receiving antiarrhythmic drugs, and 45 (52%) were receiving amiodarone. Seventy-one patients (82%) received an ICD. Death occurred in 27 patients--19 of the 71 (27%) with an ICD (eight arrhythmic), and eight of the 16 (50%) without an ICD (four arrhythmic). Actuarial survival for all patients at 5 years was 67%. Actuarial survival rates at 2 years for patients with and without an ICD were 81% and 36%, respectively (p = 0.0024). Actuarial survival at 5 years for the ICD patients was 73%; no patient without an ICD has lived longer than 32 months. Actuarial survival free of arrhythmic death in the ICD patients at 5 years was 84%. Although the only variable to predict survival was ICD implantation (p = 0.003), it is entirely possible that in this retrospective analysis, clinical selection decisions to implant or to not implant an ICD differentiated patients destined to have better or worse outcomes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Antiarrhythmic drug use may be causally related to the finding of an elevated defibrillation threshold. When patients with high defibrillation thresholds receive an ICD, arrhythmic death remains an important risk (42% of deaths in these patients were arrhythmia related, with 16% actuarial incidence at 5 years). Vigorous testing to optimize patch location can potentially benefit patients by enhancing the margin of safety for effective defibrillation.
450 A NOVEL PREDICTION MODEL FOR LIVER FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS USING FIBROSCAN AND ROUTINE LABORATORY DATA
Authors: M. El Raziky, A.B. Awad, M. Youssef, A. Awad, A. Elsharkawi, G. Esmat, M. Mustafa, M. Mabrouk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 4397: Development of antibody-drug conjugate technology based on novel linkers &amp; DNA alkylating duocarmycin derivatives
Authors: Vincent F.M.H de Groot, Patrick Beusker, John Joosten, Henri Spijker, Ruud Coumans, Wiro Menge, Ronald Elgersma
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Antibody-Drug Conjugation (ADC) is gaining momentum as a next generation antibody therapeutics approach in oncology. Tumor specific delivery of the cell-killing agent maximizes the agent's potency while avoiding damage to healthy tissue resulting in a high therapeutic window. Syntarga's Potent Payload Technology comprises the combination of highly potent DNA-alkylating duocarmycin derivatives and suitable linker technologies. Duocarmycin analogs and the CC-1065 derivatives represent a class of highly potent, cell-killing, DNA-alkylating, minor groove binding agents. This class is suitable to target solid tumors and has not been associated with Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR). Strong in vivo Proof of Concept with Potent Payload ADCs has been obtained against multiple targets. In human tumor xenograft models, substantial efficacies have been obtained based on single dose treatments, with minimal or absent side effects. We discuss applicability and several other aspects of multiple, validated Potent Payload-based Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Latest results of preclinical development progress (in vivo efficacy, safety, etc.) will be presented, including drug potencies, linker stability and therapeutic window aspects for ADCs directed against HER2. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4397.
San Antonio heart study compares ethnic groups
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The largest minority group in the United States may soon become the Hispanic population, which currently is estimated to comprise about 12 million persons. People of Mexican ancestry make up about 60% of this group, and no major US city has a greater proportion of persons of Mexican origin than San Antonio, Tex. Recognizing this, investigators at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, are conducting what they say is "one of the first comprehensive studies of diabetes, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular risk factors to include a broad cross section of this Mexican origin population." Michael P. Stern, MD, director of the study, says the major objective is to learn how socioeconomic, cultural, life-style, and genetic factors affect disease patterns in Mexican- and Anglo-Americans there. The study began in September 1979, and Stern says that preliminary data from the first 251 persons examined indicate that Anglo-Americans
Changes in Glitazone Use Among Office-Based Physicians in the U.S., 2003–2009
Authors: Andrew Cohen, Atonu Rabbani, Nilay Shah, G. Caleb Alexander
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Little is known regarding recent changes in glitazone use.Interrupted time series analyses of nationally representative office-visit data using IMS Health's National Disease and Therapeutic Index.From 2003 through 2005, glitazone use increased steadily. From February 2005 to January 2007, rosiglitazone use decreased by 16% (95% CI -20 to -11) annually; pioglitazone use increased at an annual rate of 14% (9-18). During a period of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisories, rosiglitazone use declined sharply from 0.42 million monthly treatment visits (February 2007) to 0.13 million monthly visits (May 2008). Pioglitazone use remained stable, accounting for approximately 5.8 million physician visits (77% of all glitazone use) where a treatment was used during the final 12 months of observation.The combined effect of scientific publications, advisories, and media exposure was associated with a substantial decrease in rosiglitazone use. Despite a class-level FDA advisory, pioglitazone use was not similarly affected.
Choroidal infiltrates simulating fundal changes of acute leukemia during hematological recovery following high-dose chemotherapy in acute myelomonocytic leukemia in remission
Authors: Kanjaksha Ghosh, Sandip Mitra, Devendra Hiwase
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A young female patient of 18 who was diagnosed to have acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML M4) developed choroidal infiltrate and fundal changes suggestive of acute leukemia deposits while she was in remission and was recovering from chemotherapy induced myelosuppression. The choroidal infiltrates were associated with peripheral blood and CSF monocytosis. The choroidal lesion resolved on its own in 2 week's time, when the peripheral and CSF monocytosis subsided. Interestingly this patient had pseudo-Chediak Higashi inclusions in leukemic blasts with normal karyotype.
A Letter from Professor Edwin Klebs.
Authors: Edwin Klebs
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Aug. 23, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The paper of Dr. F. E. Stewart, "The Scientific Nature of our Patent and Copyright Laws," in the recent number of theJournal, brings forward facts in the "Klebs Antiphthisin Case" which are entirely new to me, and which induce me to clear up my personal position in the matter. Though the contents of the paper of Dr. C. P. Ambler, read before theAmerican Medical Association, as well as the following discussion, are entirely unknown to me, as I was not present when the paper was read, I learn through the paper of Dr. Stewart some details in the matter which demand explanation of my standpoint on the question. When I came the first time to this country in the fall of 1894, induced by Dr. Karl von Ruck of Asheville, N. C., to visit his institution, I was in every respect
Comparative immunophenotyping of monocytes from symptomatic and asymptomatic atopic individuals
Authors: D. Von Bubnoff, M. Scheler, T. Hinz, H. Matz, S. Koch, T. Bieber
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Allergy has at least two components – a genetic predisposition referred to as atopy and the progress from an atopic state to clinically apparent disease. Peripheral blood monocytes are circulating myeloid precursors of antigen‐presenting cells. The expression of cell surface proteins on monocytes may therefore witness the disease status and affect the development of allergic disease. Methods: Monocytes were isolated from atopic individuals with seasonal allergic rhinitis ( n = 10), from atopic individuals sensitized to aeroallergens but without any signs of acute disease ( n = 11), and from healthy nonatopic donors ( n = 21). Detailed comparative phenotypic analysis of CD14 + and Fc ɛ RI + CD14 + monocytes was performed by flow cytometry. Results: CD14 + monocytes from symptomatic atopic donors showed a significant increase in the cell surface intensity of the integrin adhesion molecule CD11c over monocytes from asymptomatic atopic and nonatopic donors. Asymptomatic atopic individuals showed significantly enhanced expression of Fc ɛ RI on the CD14 high CD16 dim monocyte subset compared with this subset from symptomatic atopic and nonatopic donors. Conclusion: The increase in monocyte surface intensity of the adhesion molecule CD11c may be involved in the manifestation of allergic disease. Fc ɛ RI on CD14 high CD16 dim monocytes of asymptomatic atopic donors may be of functional importance for the maintenance of clinical unresponsiveness toward allergens.
Molecular analysis of antigen presentation machinery in circulating tumor cells from renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer
Authors: Joshua M Lang, Jacob T Tokar, Jamie Sperger, Benjamin P Casavant, Scott M Berry, Lindsay N Strotman, David J Beebe
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Aberrant expression of antigen presentation machinery (APM) has been closely associated with more aggressive tumors and may inhibit the therapeutic response to T-cell based immunotherapies. Furthermore, the selective pressure of immunotherapies may select for resistant clones that
Tumour necrosis factor in the bronchoalveolar secretions of infants with the respiratory distress syndrome and the effect of dexamethasone treatment.
Authors: S H Murch, T T MacDonald, C B Wood, K L Costeloe
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor alpha may contribute to the lung damage that occurs in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Whether it occurs in the lungs of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome is unknown. METHODS: Tumour necrosis factor alpha concentrations in the bronchopulmonary secretions of 28 ventilated preterm infants were determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Concentrations were low in the first three days of life, being undetectable in nine of the 20 infants whose bronchopulmonary secretions were sampled. From day 4 concentrations were increased and detectable in all but two of 14 infants. Similar concentrations were found in samples taken on days 8-20 and 21-40. Greater mean concentrations occurred in those infants requiring oxygen for a long time. In six infants who received dexamethasone treatment for prolonged ventilator dependency treatment was associated with a reduction in tumour necrosis factor alpha concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Tumour necrosis factor may contribute to the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, as suggested for the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The therapeutic effects of dexamethasone treatment in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome may be mediated, at least in part, by reduced production of pulmonary tumour necrosis factor.
Scene in Print: Occupational Hazards Down Under
Authors: J. P. O'COLLINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973Scene in Print: Occupational Hazards Down UnderJ. P. O'COLLINS, B. BUTLERJ. P. O'COLLINSSearch for more papers by this author, B. BUTLERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-292 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA 35-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with a history of copious bright vaginal bleeding since the previous evening.. . . On examination by a gynæcologist, she was found to have a tear in the anterior vaginal wall above the cervix into the bladder.. . . On direct questioning as to how the injury occurred, the patient admitted it was after vigorous sexual intercourse after a Christmas party with her employer. The recurrence after discharge from hospital was probably of the same ætiology. . . . The medico-legal implication of this case is whether it could be classified... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical Journal of Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 292-292KeywordsBladderCervixHemorrhage ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
WHO raises flu pandemic alert to level 5
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The World Health Organization has raised its flu pandemic alert level to five, the second highest level, saying it thinks that a global outbreak of swine influenza is imminent.

WHO’s spokesman Gregory Hartl, speaking at a press conference yesterday, recalled the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic that killed 774 people in 2003, and said, “Border controls do not work. Travel restrictions do not work.

“There was much more economic disruption caused by these measures than there was public health benefit,” he said, adding that WHO was advising countries to make sure national plans were in place to ease the effects of …
Enhancement of Residual Arylsulfatase B Activity in Feline Mucopolysaccharidosis VI by Thiol-induced Subunit Association
Authors: Deborah T. Vine, Margaret M. McGovern, Edward H. Schuchman, Mark E. Haskins, Robert J. Desnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The molecular pathology of the deficient arylsulfatase B activity in feline mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI was investigated. Compared with the highly purified normal feline hepatic enzyme, the purified MPS VI residual activity had a 100-fold higher Michaelis constant (Km), an altered electrophoretic mobility, half the apparent native molecular weight, and markedly decreased thermo-, cryo-, and pH stabilities. Molecular weight and alkylation studies were consistent with the normal enzyme being a homodimer and the residual MPS VI enzyme a monomer. When incubated with various sulfhydryl reagents, the residual specific activity was enhanced several-fold, whereas the activity of the purified normal enzyme was un-affected or slightly inhibited. In the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) and cysteamine, a lysosomotropic aminothiol, the residual activity had an electrophoretic mobility and native molecular weight similar to those of the normal feline enzyme. These findings suggested that the monomeric residual enzyme was dimerized in the presence of thiol-reducing agents. To determine if thiol-induced subunit association could therapeutically increase the residual activity and degrade the accumulated dermatan sulfate, in vitro and in vivo experiments were undertaken. When 2 mM DTT or cysteamine was incubated with heparinized whole blood from an MPS VI cat, the leukocyte residual arylsulfatase B activity increased 11- and 20-fold, respectively, and the accumulated dermatan sulfate was degraded in the presence of both thiol reagents. Intravenous administration of DTT (50 mg/kg) effected an immediate, but transient, increase in leukocyte residual activity; however, the substrate levels were not significantly decreased. In contrast, intravenous administration of cysteamine (15 mg/kg) increased leukocyte residual activity more than sixfold 30 min postinfusion; concomitantly, the leukocyte substrate was decreased to 35% of the initial level immediately after infusion and to about 45% of preinfusion values during the 120-min period studied. These results suggest that the defective residual activity in feline MPS VI can be therapeutically manipulated by thiol-induced subunit association. Furthermore, this animal analog provides a prototype for the investigation of human inborn errors of metabolism resulting from enzymatic defects that might be amenable to enzyme manipulation therapy.
Bed sharing and smoking in the sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: I S Farooqi, G Y H Lip, D G Beevers
Journal: BMJ (1994)

the Townsend score based on the 1991 census as a measure of deprivation, and the number of people with limiting longstanding illness was taken from the 1991 census.We compared the relation found with the relation between deprivation and mortality in 0-64 year olds for the years 1982-9 1.Whereas linear regression suggested that only 21% of the variation among wards in standardised mortality ratios in 0-64 year olds could be explained by deprivation, it suggested that deprivation explained 66% of the variation among wards in standardised limiting longstanding illness in 0-64 year olds.Also, the difference in standardised longstanding illness between the most and least deprived fourths of wards was larger than the difference in standardised mortality (table).Relation between deprivation and standardised mortality ratio and standardised longstanding ilness ratio in 0-64 year olds Standardised Standardised longstanding illness mortality ratio ratio Most deprived fourth 108 128 Second fourth 86 92 Third fourth 87 85 Least deprived fourth 83 80The relation between deprivation and long- standing illness in Worcester and District Health Authority seems to be much stronger than that between deprivation and premature mortality.If this is true in other areas it would be sensible to use standardised longstanding illness ratios instead of standardised mortality ratios in the formula for resource allocation.
Health checks and coronary risk: further evidence from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: P Hanlon, J McEwen, L Carey, H Gilmour, C Tannahill, A Tannahill, M Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b>To determine the effectiveness of a health check and assess any particular benefits resulting from feedback of plasma cholesterol concentration or coronary risk score, or both <b>Design:</b>Randomised controlled trial in two Glasgow work sites <b>Subjects:</b>1632 employees (89% male) aged 20 to 65 years. Interventions: At the larger work site, (a) health education; (b) health education and feedback on cholesterol concentration; (c) health education and feedback on risk score; (d) health education with feedback on cholesterol concentration and risk score (full health check); (e) no health intervention (internal control). At the other work site there was no health intervention (external control). <b>Main outcome measures</b>Changes in Dundee risk score, plasma cholesterol concentration, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and self reported behaviours (smoking, exercise, alcohol intake, and diet) in comparison with internal and external control groups <b>Results:</b>Comparisons between the full health check and the internal control groups showed a small difference (0.13 mmol/l) in the change in mean cholesterol concentration (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.22, P=0.02) but no significant differences for changes in Dundee risk score (P=0.21), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.71), body mass index (P=0.16), smoking (P=1.00), or exercise (P=0.41). Significant differences between the two groups were detected for changes in self reported consumption of alcohol (41% in group with full health check v 17% in internal control group, P=0.001), fruit and vegetables (24% v 12%, P&lt;0.001), and fat (30% v 9%, P&lt;0.001). Comparison of all groups showed no advantage from feedback of cholesterol concentration or risk score, or both. <b>Conclusions:</b>The health check only had a small effect on reversible coronary risk. It was effective in influencing self reported alcohol consumption and diet. Feedback on cholesterol concentration and on risk score did not provide additional motivation for a change in behaviour.
Interprofessional Care and Collaborative Practice
Authors: Hannah L. Hedrick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The development of this book admirably reflects the concepts and principles it advocates. The sections on the process and methodology of interprofessional care and collaborative practice, as well as the case studies that thread their way through most of the chapters and are detailed in chapter 10, were written by authors with particular expertise who then solicited review by all contributors to the book, and others. The description in the final chapter of the group writing process is important for understanding how "interprofessional" differs from "multiprofessional" and "intraprofessional." Peculiar to interprofessionalism is the integration of professionals from various disciplines who share a common purpose to mold their separate skills into collective responsibility through mutual support and a clearly defined process for communicating, coordinating problem solving, resolving conflict, and conducting evaluation. The examples and care studies in<i>Interprofessional Care and Collaborative Practice</i>apply this collective process to resolving medical problems, preventing
THE IDENTITY OF THE MECHANISMS OF TYPE-SPECIFIC AGGLUTININ AND PRECIPITIN REACTIONS WITH PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Thomas Francis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The experimental results which have been described demonstrate the following facts: 1. In the type-specific agglutination reaction, when the organisms are not present in sufficient numbers to absorb completely all the antibodies from the serum, more antibody is bound by cellular S than is required for the process of agglutination. 2. The excess of antibody thus bound can then unite with additional amounts of the specific substance when this is added in soluble form to the agglutinated material. 3. If an excess of the free S is added to an agglutinated mass of antibody and bacteria, the organisms are redispersed and in the suspended state are again specifically agglutinable. 4. When a solution of the specific polysaccharide is added in excess to an homologous immune serum, a prozone is created in which precipitation is inhibited; moreover, if, at this point, type-specific pneumococci are added to the mixture, inhibition of agglutination also occurs. 5. The reactive substance in the type-specific agglutination and precipitation reactions is the same, i.e., the capsular polysaccharide. In the former instance it is combined in the bacterial cell; in the latter, it is in a soluble, chemically purified state and entirely separate from the body of the cell.
Effects of adjuvant exemestane versus anastrozole on bone mineral density for women with early breast cancer (MA.27B): a companion analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Paul E Goss, Dawn L Hershman, Angela M Cheung, James N Ingle, Sundeep Khosla, Vered Stearns, Haji Chalchal, Kendrith Rowland, Hyman B Muss, Hannah M Linden, Judite Scher, Kathleen I Pritchard, Catherine R Elliott, Tanja Badovinac-Crnjevic, Jessica St Louis, Judith-Anne W Chapman, Lois E Shepherd
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)