tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A SHOT in the arm for safer blood transfusion
Authors: L. M Williamson, J. Heptonstall, K. Soldan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

How safe is blood transfusion in 1996? Despite recent publicity surrounding contaminated blood bags and hepatitis C virus, it is probably safer than it has ever been. More rigorous donor selection, improved viral screening tests, tighter quality control, and accreditation of hospital laboratories have all played a part. But there is no room for complacency. As was highlighted by an editorial in the BMJ two years ago, preventable deaths after transfusion still occur.1

The commonest cause of transfusion related death in the United States, where reporting to the Food and Drugs Administration is mandatory, is the transfusion of ABO incompatible blood.2 A British survey revealed that episodes where wrong blood is given to a patient as a result of poor patient identification may complicate as many as 1 in 30 000 transfusions.3 Mortality is minimised, firstly, because the distribution of blood groups in the British population means that two thirds of “wrong” transfusions are by chance ABO compatible and, secondly, by the fact that only 1 in 10 ABO incompatible transfusions is fatal.4 Nevertheless, such episodes, and other near miss events, reveal serious deficiencies in the transfusion process. Rarer immunological complications such as transfusion associated graft versus host disease …
THE FOURTH VENEREAL DISEASE
Authors: H. N. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —In reply to the note of Dr. Donovan, I would say that I appreciate his calling my attention to the fact that erosive and gangrenous balanitis has been spoken of as the fourth venereal disease; in fact, I have already used this term, I am afraid, with my students in the past. It seems to me, however, that erosive and gangrenous balanitis will never assume the prominent position that lymphogranuloma inguinale has already taken.  In the first place, the average case of erosive and gangrenous balanitis is comparatively benign, if a correct diagnosis is made and if the proper type of measures is used, including the use of oxidizing agents, for example, potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide and, exposing the infected area to the open air.  Moreover, erosive and gangrenous balanitis is a far rarer disease than is lymphogranuloma inguinale, and finally the prognosis of an erosive
Ballistocardiogram in Chronic Severe Anemia
Authors: L. M. SANGHVI, K. BANERJEE
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Serial ballistocardiograms of 30 patients with chronic severe anemia were studied to assess the cardiovascular state in anemia and after the cure of anemia. The findings in the ballistocardiogram have been compared to those in the electrocardiogram and the roentgenogram. Significance of an abnormal ballistocardiogram, after the cure of anemia is stressed.
Perinucleolar relocalization and nucleolin as crucial events in the transcriptional activation of key genes in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jeanne Allinne, Andrei Pichugin, Olga Iarovaia, Manel Klibi, Ana Barat, Ewa Zlotek-Zlotkiewicz, Diana Markozashvili, Natalia Petrova, Valérie Camara-Clayette, Elena Ioudinkova, Joëlle Wiels, Sergey V. Razin, Vincent Ribrag, Marc Lipinski, Yegor S. Vassetzky
Journal: Blood (2014)
Promoting prevention in primary care: controlled trial of low technology, low cost approach.
Authors: E Fullard, G Fowler, M Gray
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A study is described in which three general practices were provided with low cost, low technology support from a "facilitator" and were compared with control practices in the ascertainment of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle aged patients. Patients who were attending for a consultation with their general practitioners were recruited to make an appointment with a practice nurse for a health check, and this was compared with ordinary consultations in the control practices. Practices were helped by the facilitator to develop the nurse's role. During the study the increase between intervention and control practices in blood pressure recording was doubled and in the recording of smoking habit it was quadrupled, and there was a fivefold increase in the recording of weight. This model can be applied to other aspects of prevention and general practice care.
Validation of a semiautomated method of minimal erythema dose testing for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy
Authors: S.G.H. Otman, C. Edwards, B. Gambles, A.V. Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Validation of a semiautomated method of minimal erythema dose testing for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy Get access S.G.H. Otman, S.G.H. Otman Department of Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport NP20 2UB, U.KWelsh Institute of Dermatology, Cardiff University, College of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K Suliman Otman. E‐mail: sulimangh@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Edwards, C. Edwards Welsh Institute of Dermatology, Cardiff University, College of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Gambles, B. Gambles Department of Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport NP20 2UB, U.KWelsh Institute of Dermatology, Cardiff University, College of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.V. Anstey A.V. Anstey Department of Dermatology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport NP20 2UB, U.KWelsh Institute of Dermatology, Cardiff University, College of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 2, 1 August 2006, Pages 416–421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07273.x Published: 01 August 2006 Article history Accepted: 20 November 2005 Published: 01 August 2006
Acupuncture for Chronic Shoulder Pain
Authors: MARY E. MOORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

One half of 42 subjects treated for painful shoulders received classic acupuncture, and one half received a placebo in which the needles did not penetrate the skin. Half of each of these groups was treated in a positive setting to encourage the subject, and half in a negative setting designed to keep encouragement at a minimum. All patients were independently rated for susceptibility to hypnosis. Although range of motion did not improve, the majority of patients reported significant improvement in shoulder discomfort to a blind evaluator after treatment; placebo and acupuncture groups did not differ in this respect, however. The positive and negative settings did not affect treatment outcome. In all groups, those who were not rated as highly susceptible to hypnosis tended to fail to achieve the highest levels of relief, but such differences were not statistically significant.
Doctors should be able to help terminally patients to die, say Quebec MPs
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Canadian province of Quebec should change its laws to allow physician assisted dying in certain cases of incurable disease and stop prosecuting doctors who, in good conscience, help such patients to die, according to a cross party report from the provincial legislature.

If enacted, as seems likely, the changes would make Quebec the fourth and largest jurisdiction in North America to permit physician assisted death in tightly controlled circumstances, after the western states of Washington, Oregon, and Montana. 

The Quebec report, Dying with Dignity , is careful to avoid the terms physician assisted suicide or euthanasia, preferring the phrase “medical aid to die.”

“We chose those words because we’re talking about a medical environment only,” said commission …
NEW PHYSIOLOGIC APPARATUS.THE FROG-BOARD MYOGRAPH AND THE MANOMETER TAMBOUR.
Authors: WINFIELD S. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>THE FROG-BOARD MYOGRAPH.</h3> The term myograph was originally applied to the whole apparatus used in recording the contraction of a muscle. The pendulum myograph of Helmholtz included the muscle-clamp, the muscle-lever and the moving surface (pendulum) on which the myogram or muscle-tracing was recorded. After the rotating cylinder came into use as a recording surface under the name of the kymograph, the term myograph has been applied to that portion of the apparatus which represented the muscle-clamp and the lever with the load and the tracing point. Such an apparatus traces on the kymograph the muscle-curve or myogram. The myograph has taken several forms: In the simple myograph of Helmholtz, in the muscle-signal of Du Bois Reymond, and in several other forms the muscle is exposed to the atmosphere. The changes wrought by the atmosphere soon put the muscle-nerve preparation into an abnormal condition and the
DR antigens and rheumatoid arthritis: a study of two populations.
Authors: J C Woodrow, F E Nichol, G Zaphiropoulos
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Thr prevalence of HLA-DR antigens was determined in a group of white patients with rheumatoid arthritis, similar patients originating from the Indian subcontinent, and corresponding controls. Rheumatoid arthritis was found to be highly associated with DR4 in the white patients but with DR1 in the Indian patients. These results raise the possibility that the DR antigens themselves do not play a part in increasing susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, but the locus for increased susceptibility is probably closely linked to the DR locus.
Arterioles of Kidney and Pancreas in Cases of Cardiac Hypertrophy of Undetermined Causation
Authors: HAROLD A. FERRIS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The arterioles in the kidneys and pancreas in 50 consecutive necropsy cases of cardiac hypertrophy of undetermined cause and in 50 control cases were measured and studied histopathologically in an effort to determine the cause of the cardiac hypertrophy. The weight of the heart, the ventricle affected by hypertrophy and the age of the patient also were recorded in each case and correlated with the changes in the ratio of the wall to lumen in the arterioles. This study revealed that in about 40 per cent of cases the cardiac hypertrophy was probably due to antecedent hypertension.
1078-90 Epidermal-derived progenitor cells engraft the infarcted myocardium and express cardiomyocyte markers
Authors: Satyavardhan Pulukurthy, Ryan P Dunlay, Timothy E Lindley, Sarah J Bonner, Christopher C Oberley, Ram V Sharma, Martine Dunnwald, Robin L Davisson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Reactions of Psychiatric Outpatients to Teaching Interviews
Authors: R. Levy, J. M. M. Mair
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In an attempt to assess some of the reactions of psychiatric outpatients attending a teaching clinic, a group of patients who received a letter warning them of the possible presence of students were compared with a group who did not receive such a letter. The "letter" group were generally more satisfied with their interview and were less likely to say that they had consciously withheld information. Greater satisfaction was also expressed by patients over 35.When asked whether they preferred to see one student in private and then the psychiatrist with a small group of other students, or to have the whole interview conducted by the psychiatrist in front of the group, patients expressed a clear preference for the former choice. This former method may also allow more responsible and active participation by the students.
Parascending: a safer alternative to hang gliding.
Authors: A J Macaulay, P G Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A zero value had been found in all cases before tamoxifen treatment, but after tamoxifen the index regularly increased to values between 10 and 300%, reaching 500% or more in four cases and 800 in one.This effect has not previously been described in humans.The smears returned to an atrophic pattern within two months after tamoxifen withdrawal.
Measuring the Exposure of Infants to Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Robert A. Greenberg, Nancy J. Haley, Ruth A. Etzel, Frank A. Loda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The effect of parental smoking on the well-being of infants and children is an important public health concern. It is necessary, however, to validate the existence of such exposure objectively before an evaluation of the effects of parental smoking behavior on the child's health can be made. We measured the concentration of nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, in the saliva and urine of 32 infants with household exposure to tobacco smoke, and 19 unexposed infants. The concentrations were significantly higher in the exposed group than in the unexposed group, with the best indicator of chronic exposure being the urinary cotinine:creatinine ratio; median in the exposed group, 351 ng per milligram (225.3 nmol per millimole); median in the unexposed group, 4 ng per milligram (2.6 nmol per millimole) (P less than 0.0001). There was a direct relation between cotinine excretion by the infants and the self-reported smoking behavior of the mothers during the previous 24 hours (r = 0.67, P = 0.0001). Our results indicate that infants who were exposed to tobacco smoke absorbed its constituents and that urinary excretion of cotinine is a reliable measure of such exposure in infants.
Ice Water and the Heart
Authors: KARIN T. KIRCHHOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1982Ice Water and the HeartKARIN T. KIRCHHOFF, PH.D, R.N.KARIN T. KIRCHHOFF, PH.D, R.N.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-282_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Lader and Kronzon (1) cite my research (2) as saying ice water is safe for patients who have had myocardial infarctions. My statements were more guarded; I also stated that ice water causes electrocardiographic changes. After reviewing more than 13 studies, I concluded that the volume of ice water and the position of the patient could explain the discrepant results of these studies (2). Large amounts of ice water (600 to 80OmL) have caused electrocardiographic changes, especially when the patient is in the supine position. Investigators testing smaller amounts of ice water (about 20OmL or one glass)...References1. LADENKRONZON ET. Ice-water-induced arrhythmias in a patient with ischemic heart disease. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:614-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KIRCHHOFF K. An examination of the physiological basis for "coronary precautions". Heart Lung. 1981;10:874-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. KIRCHHOFF K. A diffusion survey of coronary precautions. Nursing Research. 1982 (In press). CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. LADENKRONZON EI. Ice-water-induced arrhythmias in a patient with ischemic heart disease. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:614-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Illinois Chicago IL 60680 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe effect of ice water ingestion on autonomic modulation in healthy subjects 1 August 1982Volume 97, Issue 2Page: 282-283KeywordsElectrocardiographyHeartMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 August 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Increased risk of thrombosis in FcγRIIA 131RR patients with HIT due to defective control of platelet activation by plasma IgG2
Authors: Jérôme Rollin, Claire Pouplard, Hsueh Cheng Sung, Dorothée Leroux, Armand Saada, Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart, Gilles Thibault, Yves Gruel
Journal: Blood (2015)
Physicians and Healers — Unwitting Partners in Health Care
Authors: R H Murray, A J Rubel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

ALTERNATIVE medicine has long played an important part in the care of people with health problems in this country. Although there has been no comprehensive assessment of its use, there are good reasons to believe that alternative medicine has many adherents among all social classes. Most physicians are unaware of its popularity, much less that many of their own patients are also being cared for by practitioners of alternative medicine.A Muddle of Names, Beliefs, and PracticesThere is no widely accepted term for the practices grouped under the rubric of alternative medicine. "Holistic medicine" (or "wholistic medicine") is a . . .
Biological consequences of environmental control through housing.
Authors: D H Lee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Housing was originally devised as a control of the thermal environment, but numerous other functions have been added with resulting competition and confusion. Current design gives insufficient attention to thermal factors and relies upon supplementary heating and cooling to compensate for faults. These are wasteful of energy, and the exhaust from air conditioners adds to the heat island conditions in city cores. The impact of consumerism on domestic space and the importance of personal space and privacy are reviewed.
Endoscopic Removal of an Embedded Biliary Wallstent by Piecemeal Extraction
Authors: L. J. Egan, T. H. Baron
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Expandable metal biliary stents are reserved for patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction. Occasionally, these stents may cause complications necessitating removal. We describe successful endoscopic removal of a biliary Wallstent one year after insertion in a patient who initially underwent placement of an expandable metal biliary stent for presumed biliary malignancy. The stent was removed after a stent related bleeding duodenal ulcer formed.
Demyelinative Neuropathy and Myelin Antibodies
Authors: Arthur K. Asbury, Robert P. Lisak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

There are two major groups of acquired demyelinative neuropathies — acute and chronic. The acquired demyelinative neuropathies constitute about 40 per cent of all cases of polyneuropathy in adults1 and share a distinct pattern of clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic features. These features include elevated protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, marked slowing of conduction velocities, dispersion of evoked responses, frequent evidence of conduction block, low-grade inflammatory changes in nerve detected pathologically, and histopathological findings of demyelination-remyelination. The neuropathy may be chronic, with either a slowly progressive2 or a relapsing3 course, or it may evolve acutely and be monophasic, as in . . .
Pathways to Conception: The Role of the Cervix and the Oviduct in Reproduction
Authors: John W. Huffman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This monograph, which contains the papers from a symposium on the physiology and pathology of reproduction, is devoted to the cervix and oviduct. The endometrial cavity, an essential part of the pathway to conception, is not discussed. Many of the essays consist primarily of reviews with, to a lesser extent, some original reports on current research. As would be expected, the material deals largely with investigations on subprimate species. I always have a nagging suspicion that the little animals used to study female genital physiology may not react in the same way that the primates do. No one can read the 16 papers in this book and not be impressed with the industriousness and expertise of the discussants. Their reviews of the area are excellent. However, they have little to report that is new and nothing that is exciting. The best presentation, that by David Bishop on sperm transport in
ESCHERICHIA COLI ASSOCIATED WITH COLOSTRUM-FREE NEONATAL PIGS RAISED IN ISOLATION
Authors: James G. Lecce, Bryan R. Reep
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Escherichia coli 08 was the most frequent coliform isolated from the blood and liver of morbid and dead neonatal, colostrum-free piglets raised under extremely sanitary conditions. This strain accounted for 67 per cent of the typable E. coli. The next most numerous strain occurred at a frequency of 6 per cent. Hence, E. coli 08 was considered the main coli enteropathogen in our experimental, isolated environment. In random samples of the feces of healthy and diarrhetic neonatal piglets, 24 per cent of the typable E. coli was type 08. When a directed effort was made to isolate E. coli 08 from the feces of neonatal piglets in a healthy, colostrum-free litter, this strain was isolated from 17 per cent of the total E. coli colonies examined. Thus, the enteropathogen E. coli 08 was ubiquitous in the feces of piglets in our environment, making up approximately 20 per cent of the fecal E. coli. 85 per cent of the bacteremia and death in which E. coli was isolated from blood or liver occurred in piglets fed diets void in bovine and porcine gamma globulin. Tube agglutination tests demonstrated that agglutinins to E. coli 08, and other serotypes as well, were present in bovine colostrum and to a lesser extent in porcine colostrum. These agglutinins were practically lacking in solutions of porcine and bovine gamma globulin. Feeding 10(9)E. coli 08 bacteria to 2-week-old, colostrum-free, gamma globulin-free, 08 agglutinin-free piglets did not produce visible disease.
Changes in [18F]Fluorothymidine Pharmacokinetics Following Capecitabine Treatment in Human Breast Cancer Detected by Positron Emission Tomography.
Authors: L. Kenny, K. Contractor, J. Stebbing, A. Al-Nahhas, C. Palmieri, S. Shousha, E. Aboagye, R. Coombes
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Pre-clinical models used by our group have demonstrated that thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition leads to redistribution of the nucleoside transporter, ENT1, to the cell membrane and hence increases the tissue uptake of [18F]fluorothymidine (FLT).Methods: In this study we assessed, for the first time, the altered pharmacokinetics of FLT in patients following TS inhibition. We analyzed 10 lesions from 6 breast cancer patients by positron emission tomography (PET) before and after treatment with capecitabine.Results: Whereas drug treatment did not alter tumor delivery pharmacokinetic variables or blood flow, tumor FLT retention variables increased with drug treatment in all but one patient. The baseline average standardized uptake value (SUV) at 60 min, rate constant for the net irreversible transfer of radiotracer from plasma to tumor (Ki) and unit impulse response function (IRF) at 60 min were 11.11 x 10-5 m2/ml, 4.38 x 10-2 ml plasma/min/ml tissue and 4.93 x 10-2 /min, respectively. At 1 h after capecitabine, the SUV was 13.55 x 10-5 m2/ml (p=0.004), Ki 7.40 x 10-2 ml plasma/min/ml tissue (p=0.004) and IRF 7.40 x 10-2 /min (p= 0.002).Conclusion: FLT pharmacokinetics did not change in normal tissues suggesting that the effect was largely restricted to tumor (p=0.55). In summary, we have identified FLT-PET retention parameters that could be used in future early clinical studies to measure the pharmacodynamics of TS inhibitors, as well as for identifying patients who are unlikely to benefit from TS inhibition. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5003.
Avoidable maternal and neonatal deaths associated with improving access to caesarean delivery in countries with low caesarean delivery rates: an ecological modelling analysis
Authors: George Molina, Micaela M Esquivel, Tarsicio Uribe-Leitz, Stuart R Lipsitz, Tej Azad, Neel Shah, Katherine Semrau, William R Berry, Atul A Gwande, Thomas G Weiser, Alex B Haynes
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Therapeutic fibreoptic bronchoscopy in intensive care.
Authors: J S Milledge
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Experience with therapeutic bronchoscopy using the fibreoptic bronchoscope in intensive care has shown it to be a useful procedure. The Nosworthy connection has also been modified to allow intermittent positive-pressure ventilation to be maintained during bronchoscopy. This procedure is valuable in those cases where sputum or blood are retained in the airways despite adequate physiotherapy and endotracheal suction. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy should be available as a routine service in intensive therapy units.