tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GRP78 as a Novel Predictor of Responsiveness to Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Eunjung Lee, Peter Nichols, Darcy Spicer, Susan Groshen, Mimi C. Yu, Amy S. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The discovery of predictive factors for chemoresistance is critical for improving adjuvant therapy for cancer patients. The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), widely used as an indicator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), is induced in the tumor microenvironment. In vitro studies suggest that GRP78 confers chemoresistance to topoisomerase inhibitors, such as Adriamycin (doxorubicin). Here, we report on a retrospective cohort study of 127 stage II and III breast cancer patients who were treated with Adriamycin-based chemotherapy. Archival tumor specimens were available for analysis and the relationship of GRP78 expression level to “time to recurrence” (TTR), used as a surrogate marker for drug resistance, was examined. Our data show that 67% of the study subjects expressed high level of GRP78 in their tumors before the initiation of chemotherapy and suggest an association between GRP78 positivity and shorter TTR [hazard ratio (HR), 1.78; P = 0.16]. Interestingly, subgroup analysis reveals that the HR for the GRP78-positive group increased significantly among patients who did not receive further taxane treatment (HR, 3.00; P = 0.022) and among mastectomy patients (HR, 3.33; P = 0.027). The HR was even stronger among mastectomy patients who did not receive further taxane treatment (HR, 4.82; P = 0.010). The use of GRP78 as a predictor for chemoresponsiveness and the potential interaction of GRP78 and/or the UPR pathways with taxanes warrant larger studies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 7849-53)
Permeability and selectivity of canine and human jejunum during cholera
Authors: J. E. Rohde, L. C. Chen
Journal: Gut (1972)

Increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa to small molecules and ions has previously been proposed as a mechanism causing the profuse diarrhoea characteristic of Asiatic cholera. A technique for measuring absorption rates of <sup>14</sup>C-urea and <sup>3</sup>H-arabinose has been employed to study jejunal permeability during experimental canine and naturally acquired human cholera. The ratio of the absorption rates of these two solutes of different size is an expression of intestinal membrane selectivity and permits calculation of an equivalent pore radius. No change of membrane selectivity was observed in canine loops after challenge with cholera toxin. During naturally acquired human cholera, jejunal pore size was not significantly different from that measured during convalescence. This method was demonstrated to be sensitive to changes induced by amphotericin B, an antibiotic known to alter membrane permeability and selectivity. These data are inconsistent with the hypothesis of increased intestinal permeability during cholera.
Abstract 3236: Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch and Mitral Regurgitation After Aortic Valve Replacement: A Prospective Quantitative Study
Authors: Philippe Unger, Frederic Vanden Eynden, Daniele Plein, Guy Van Camp, Agnes Pasquet, Bernard Cosyns, Chantal Dedobbeleer, Patrizio Lancellottti
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after aortic valve replacement (AVR) is associated with less improvement in symptoms and functional class, and poorer prognosis. Mitral regurgitation (...
Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Cellular Transformation Increases Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase/Akt Pathway <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b>
Authors: Kip A. West, Ilona R. Linnoila, Steven A. Belinsky, Curtis C. Harris, Phillip A. Dennis
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The role of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway during tobacco carcinogen-induced transformation is unknown. To address this question, we evaluated this pathway in isogenic immortalized or tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, as well as in progressive murine lung lesions induced by a tobacco-specific carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Compared with immortalized cells, tumorigenic cells had greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, enhanced survival, and increased apoptosis in response to inhibition of the pathway. In vivo, increased activation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin was observed with increased phenotypic progression. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that maintenance of Akt activity is necessary for survival of preneoplastic as well as transformed lung epithelial cells and suggest that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway might be a useful approach to arrest lung tumorigenesis.
Pulmonary and critical care medicine
Authors: D. R. Dantzker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Carcinoma of the lung is the most common lethal cancer in the United States, accounting for approximately 146 000 deaths in 1992.<sup>1</sup>Exposure to carcinogens in cigarette smoke can initiate tumor development by producing alterations in specific growth-regulating genes called proto-oncogenes. Examples include members of the<i>myc</i>family of genes, the products of which are proteins involved in cell-cycle regulation, and members of the<i>ras</i>family of genes, whose proteins may be involved in transduction of growth signals. Recessive or tumor-suppressor genes can inhibit the expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. Examples include proteins encoded by the retinoblastoma gene and the p53 gene, both of which have been found to be deleted or mutated in cancer of the lung.<sup>2</sup>Activation of dominant oncogenes promotes a deregulation of cell growth, while mutation or deletion of recessive oncogenes may be required for malignant transformation. Once this tumor initiation occurs, peptide hormones,
What happened to the doctor-patient relationship?
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An old maxim of general practice says that doctors get the patients they deserve, because patients actively seek out like-minded doctors who share their own health beliefs. The health-anxious seek health-anxious doctors; both value so called thoroughness, and referral, and refuse to accept any uncertainty. Likewise, some doctors and patients are bound together by a degree of fatalism. Both are happy to accept risk; happy not to treat, refer, or investigate. What passes as denial to some seems like only common sense to others. Once upon a time doctors understood that …
Changes in Serum Potassium Response to Succinylcholine Following Trauma
Authors: Alexander A. Birch
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Serum potassium response to an intravenous dose of 100 mg of succinylcholine chloride was investigated in 59 patients with moderate to severe trauma including burns of more than 30%, bilateral amputations, multiple fractures, and widespread missile wounds. Each patient served as his own control prior to succinylcholine administration. Serum potassium determinations were made both before, and three minutes after, succinylcholine infusion. This group of patients did not show a significant rise in serum potassium level until approximately one week after injury, at which time there was noted a progressive rise in the potassium level following succinylcholine infusion. At approximately the third week, three patients with severe injuries showed a rise in serum potassium level which was capable of causing cardiac arrests. The above change did not occur if five minutes prior to succinylcholine administration, the patient was given a 6-mg, intravenous dose of tubocurarine chloride.
Biochemistry of mental disease.
Authors: J. Folch-Pi
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In this book Dr. Sourkes has done a thorough job of gathering and incorporating into a coherent whole a considerable amount of biochemical information possibly pertinent to the broad problem of the biochemical correlates of mental illness. The material is presented from a biochemical viewpoint and is written in a readable style which imparts facts with a minimum of unproven hypothesis. The author has managed to avoid the twin pitfalls of too much nebulous speculation and oversimplification. Instead, factual information is available and a clear distinction is made between what is established and what is merely assumed or surmised. The index is well prepared and increases the value of the book as a source of reference. This book should be useful to the psychiatrist seeking information on the biochemical aspects of mental disturbances and to the medical scientist interested in a balanced review of the relative value of the many
Main Air Pollutants and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hazrije Mustafić, Patricia Jabre, Christophe Caussin, Mohammad H. Murad, Sylvie Escolano, Muriel Tafflet, Marie-Cécile Périer, Eloi Marijon, Dewi Vernerey, Jean-Philippe Empana, Xavier Jouven
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution may trigger myocardial infarction (MI), but this association remains unclear.To assess and quantify the association between short-term exposure to major air pollutants (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter ≤10 μm [PM(10)] and ≤2.5 μm [PM(2.5)] in diameter) on MI risk.EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE in-process and other nonindexed citations, and Ovid MEDLINE (between 1948 and November 28, 2011), and EBM Reviews-Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EBM Reviews-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (between 2005 and November 28, 2011) were searched for a combination of keywords related to the type of exposure (air pollution, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM(10), and PM(2.5)) and to the type of outcome (MI, heart attack, acute coronary syndrome).Two independent reviewers selected studies of any study design and in any language, using original data and investigating the association between short-term exposure (for up to 7 days) to 1 or more air pollutants and subsequent MI risk. Selection was performed from abstracts and titles and pursued by reviewing the full text of potentially eligible studies.Descriptive and quantitative information was extracted from each selected study. Using a random effects model, relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated for each increment of 10 μg/m(3) in pollutant concentration, with the exception of carbon monoxide, for which an increase of 1 mg/m(3) was considered.After a detailed screening of 117 studies, 34 studies were identified. All the main air pollutants, with the exception of ozone, were significantly associated with an increase in MI risk (carbon monoxide: 1.048; 95% CI, 1.026-1.070; nitrogen dioxide: 1.011; 95% CI, 1.006-1.016; sulfur dioxide: 1.010; 95% CI, 1.003-1.017; PM(10): 1.006; 95% CI, 1.002-1.009; and PM(2.5): 1.025; 95% CI, 1.015-1.036). For ozone, the RR was 1.003 (95% CI, 0.997-1.010; P = .36). Subgroup analyses provided results comparable with those of the overall analyses. Population attributable fractions ranged between 0.6% and 4.5%, depending on the air pollutant.All the main air pollutants, with the exception of ozone, were significantly associated with a near-term increase in MI risk.
Trends in Psychiatric Treatment: A Report of a Private Psychiatric Practice
Authors: JOHN S. VISHER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The author analyzes the character of his private practice over a 15-year period (1951-1966) with regard to diagnosis, type of service provided, and length of treatment. The data from 600 patients revealed a shift toward briefer therapy as well as a tendency to avoid hospitalization. Generally, use of dynamic diagnoses proved more satisfactory than use of standard diagnostic categories. The author stresses the value of further studies of private practice, especially because of their potential usefulness in community mental health planning.
Arsenic trioxide and mannitol for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia relapse in the central nervous system
Authors: Hong Wang, Fenglin Cao, Jinmei Li, Limin Li, Yong Li, Ce Shi, Wenjia Lan, Dandan Li, Hui Zhao, Ying Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Xiuhua Liu, Ran Meng, Baofeng Yang, Jin Zhou
Journal: Blood (2014)
Puerperal Sepsis and Haemolytic Streptococci
Authors: A. M. Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1939)

MTHE BRITsH 639Mushroom poisoning, or " mycetism," is another occa- sional cause of hallucinations (Critchley).For years a variety of mushroom called the Agaricus muscarius has been taken by the inhabitants of Siberia as an intoxicant.The effects of this " fly-agaric inebriety," as it is called, appear within an hour or two.Twitching or trembling of the limbs is followed by a sense of exhilaration, lead- ing to a condition of delirious excitement.During this stage auditory and visual hallucinations develop, while enlargement of the pupils produces macropsia.The sub- ject in his frenzy may rush round until he collapses into a state of exhaustion coloured by strangely pleasurable fantasies.Lewin believes that the fury of the old-time Berserkers may have been due to agaric intoxication.The Siberians have discovered that the urine of a person inebriated by agaric also possesses intoxicating properties.As soon as the reveller finds that his drunkenness is passing off he drinks his own urine or that of another.Summary A description is given of hallucinations occurring in the course of various neurological disorders.Hallucinosis associated with narcolepsy is also con- sidered, and reference is made to the occurrence of hypnagogic hallucinations in " normal " persons.Drug intoxications are then dealt with, distinction being made between acute delirium after poisoning from a single massive dose and states of chronic intoxication.Kraepelin's views regarding the clinical characteristics of drug deliria are given.Finally the phenomena aksociated with intoxication with mescal, cannabis indica, bromides, agaric, yage, and ayahuasca are briefly described.
Endothelin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and its relation to airflow obstruction in asthma.
Authors: A E Redington, D R Springall, M A Ghatei, L C Lau, S R Bloom, S T Holgate, J M Polak, P H Howarth
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Endothelins (ETs) are a family of peptide mediators that have a number of biological properties, including the ability to act as potent bronchoconstrictors of isolated human airways. To examine the possible involvement of ET in asthma, we have performed fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 10 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with atopic asthma treated with bronchodilators alone, and 8 patients with atopic asthma treated with inhaled and/or oral corticosteroids. Endothelin concentrations in BAL fluid were measured by radioimmunoassay and total protein concentrations by a colorimetric method. There was a significant increase in the BAL fluid ET levels in the non-steroid-treated patients with asthma compared with the normal subjects, when expressed either as a concentration (median, 0.30 versus 0.08 pM; p = 0.001) or in relation to total protein (median, 3.02 versus 1.08 pmol/g; p = 0.01). There was, however, no statistically significant difference in ET levels between the steroid-treated patients with asthma, and either of the other two groups. In the non-steroid-treated patients with asthma there was a significant negative correlation between the BAL fluid ET concentration and the % predicted FEV1 (r = -0.71, p = 0.03). This correlation was not significant in the steroid-treated subjects, and no correlation between BAL fluid ET concentrations and bronchial reactivity was found in any of the three groups. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that ET contributes to the pathophysiology of asthma.
UK health insurer tries to cut funding for inappropriate knee surgery
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A row has erupted between the UK private health insurer Bupa and a group of the country’s top orthopaedic surgeons, after Bupa accused some surgeons of carrying out knee procedures on patients without good medical reason.

Bupa, which funds around 19 000 arthroscopies every year, undertook a review of knee arthroscopies among its insured customers and found that the standardised event rate was more than twice as high among them as it was among NHS patients. Furthermore, some surgeons were more than three times as likely as others to carry out the procedure on Bupa patients.

Annabel Bentley, medical director of Bupa’s UK Health and Wellbeing Division, said, “We know as well that there are wide variations within the …
Eukaryotic-Microbiota Crosstalk: Potential Mechanisms for Health Benefits of Prebiotics and Probiotics
Authors: Norman G. Hord
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2008)

The ability to link dietary consumption of prebiotic food ingredients and probiotic microorganisms to health benefits rests, in part, on our ability to identify both the extent to which these factors alter human microbiome activity and/or structure and the ability to engage eukaryotic cells necessary to transduce signals originating from the microbiome. The human microbiome consists of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal components that reside in mucosal surfaces of the gut, the airways, and the urogenital tract. Characterization of the symbiotic nature of the relationship between eukaryotic cells and the bacterial and archaeal components of the microbiota has revealed significant contributions in energy balance, bowel function, immunologic function, sensory perception, glycemic control, and blood pressure regulation. Elucidating the complex interactions between the microbiota and their associated epithelial, immune, and neural cells may provide mechanistic insights and a rational basis for our belief that dietary consumption of probiotic microorganisms and prebiotics produces health benefits.
Global life expectancy has risen, reports WHO
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Life expectancy has increased around the world, with a girl born in 2012 expecting to live to 73 years on average and a boy to 68 years, show new figures from the World Health Organization.1

The 2012 figure is an increase of six years from 1990, said the report, which also showed that low income countries had made the greatest gains in life expectancy.

Liberia has seen a 20 year rise in life expectancy (from 42 years in 1990 to 62 in 2012); Ethiopia and the Maldives a 19 year rise (from 45 to 64 and 58 to 77, respectively, in the same period), and Cambodia an 18 year rise (from 54 …
Bipolar disorder: from genes to behavior pathways
Authors: Keri Martinowich, Robert J. Schloesser, Husseini K. Manji
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a devastating illness that is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. In addition to these cyclic episodes, individuals with BPD exhibit changes in psychovegetative function, cognitive performance, and general health and well being. In this article we draw from neuroimaging findings in humans, postmortem data, and human genetic and pharmacological studies as well as data from animal models of behavior to discuss the neurobiology of BPD. We conclude with a synthesis of where the field stands and with suggestions and strategies for future areas of study to further increase our conceptual understanding of this complex illness.
Vitiligo as a Kobner phenomenon
Authors: R. D. Sweet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Vitiligo as a Köbner phenomenon Get access R. D. Sweet R. D. Sweet Plymouth General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue 2, 1 August 1978, Pages 223–224, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01988.x Published: 01 August 1978
Ibuprofen plus acetaminophen reduced knee pain in the short-term more than acetaminophen but not ibuprofen
Authors: David H. Hickam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Doherty M, Hawkey C, Goulder M, et al. A randomised controlled trial of ibuprofen, paracetamol or a combination tablet of ibuprofen/paracetamol in community-derived people with knee pain. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:1534-41. 21804100
Idiotype-antiidiotype regulation. V. The requirement for immunization with antigen or monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies for the activation of beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 polyfructosan-reactive clones in BALB/c mice treated at birth with minute amounts of anti-A48 idiotype antibodies.
Authors: L J Rubinstein, B Goldberg, J Hiernaux, K E Stein, C A Bona
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan antibodies sharing the idiotypes (Id) of ABPC48 (A48) monoclonal protein represent a silent fraction of the anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan repertoire, since these antibodies cannot be detected during a conventional immune response elicited by bacterial levan (BL). However, the administration at birth of minute amounts of anti-A48 Id antibodies causes a long-lasting activation of A48 Id+-bearing clones. This activation is related to direct interaction of anti-A48 Id antibodies with precursors bearing the A48 Id+ immunoglobulin receptor, since an A48 Id+ response can be transferred with highly purified B cells in lethally irradiated mice. The maturation of these precursors into A48 Id+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan antibody-secreting cells requires challenge by the antigen. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) data showed that in 1-mo-old mice an UPC10 (U10)-like spectrotype was observed, whereas in 3-mo-old mice, a new spectrotype binding BL rather than inulin (In) was identified. This spectrotype was observed only in CXBJ mice, the single strain in which an A48 Id+ response was observed. The antigenic challenge can be replaced by a monoclonal anti-A48 Id antibody (i.e., 17-38). Interestingly, in 1-mo-old BALB/c mice treated with anti-A48 Id antibodies, the challenge with 17-38 monoclonal antibody led to the activation of A48 Id- anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan-reactive clones with BALB/c type IEF spectrotypes, whereas in 3-mo-old BALB/c mice treated with anti-A48 Id antibodies, the challenge with 17-38 monoclonal antibody led to the activation of W3082 IdX+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 fructosan-reactive clones. In these animals, inhibition of A48 Id+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan clones was observed. This antibody probably represents a homobody carrying the internal image of the antigen, which through its paratope suppresses the A48 Id+ response and through its Id activates an A48 Id- anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan response in 1-mo-old mice and in 3-mo-old mice leads to an anti-beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 fructosan response dominated by the W3082 IdX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
IMPACT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES AFTER TREATMENT OF BIFURCATION LESION USING BY SINGLE DRUG-ELUTING STENT WITH FINAL KISSING INFLATION: A SUBGROUP ANALYSIS OF THE SINGLE KISS TRIAL
Authors: Kenya Nasu, Yuji Oikawa, Tadanori Aizawa, Takahiko Suzuki, None Single Kiss Trial Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)