tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhumanity to man.
Authors: N E Crumpton, I C Moyes, U V Naylor, V L Doughty, J F Brandon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Our findings suggest multiple sources of infection and that environmental spread, especially in contaminated water, may be a factor in the epidemiology of human campylo- bacter infections of the C coli-C jejuni group.It may be that the known avian excretors of campylobacters are responsible for our sea- water isolates, but the fact that a sewage- polluted sample also grew campylobacters is suggestive of the strain having come from a human source.Clearly a strain identification scheme is required to distinguish between isolates before source tracing can be carried out efficiently.
Habitual Dietary Intake of n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids in Relation to Inflammatory Markers Among US Men and Women
Authors: Tobias Pischon, Susan E. Hankinson, Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, Nader Rifai, Walter C. Willett, Eric B. Rimm
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake favorably affects chronic inflammatory-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease; however, high intake of n-6 fatty acids may attenuate the known beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids. Methods and Results— We investigated habitual dietary n-3 fatty acid intake and its interaction with n-6 fatty acids in relation to the plasma inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1 and R2) among 405 healthy men and 454 healthy women. After adjustment for other predictors of inflammation, intake of the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was inversely associated with plasma levels of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 ( P =0.03 and P &lt;0.001, respectively) and somewhat less so for C-reactive protein ( P =0.08). n-3 α-linolenic acid and n-6 cis-linoleic acid were not significantly related to the inflammatory markers. We found little if any association between n-3 fatty acid (EPA+DHA) intake and tumor necrosis factor receptors among participants with low intake of n-6 but a strong inverse association among those with high n-6 intake ( P =0.04 and 0.002 for interaction of n-3 with n-6 on sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2, respectively). Conclusions— These results suggest that n-6 fatty acids do not inhibit the antiinflammatory effects of n-3 fatty acids and that the combination of both types of fatty acids is associated with the lowest levels of inflammation. The inhibition of inflammatory cytokines may be one possible mechanism for the observed beneficial effects of these fatty acids on chronic inflammatory-related diseases.
Cardiovascular aspects in acromegaly: Effects of treatment
Authors: Gaetano Lombardi, Annamaria Colao, Diego Ferone, Paolo Marzullo, Maria Luisa Landi, Salvatore Longobardi, Emilia Iervolino, Alberto Cuocolo, Serafino Fazio, Bartolomeo Merola, Luigi Sacca
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Regulatory challenges for autologous tissue engineered products on their way from bench to bedside in Europe
Authors: Gouya Ram-Liebig, Juergen Bednarz, Burkard Stuerzebecher, Dirk Fahlenkamp, Guido Barbagli, Giuseppe Romano, Ulf Balsmeyer, Maria-Elsa Spiegeler, Soeren Liebig, Helmut Knispel
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2014)
Reduced Basal Ganglia Volumes After Switching to Olanzapine in Chronically Treated Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Donna J. Lang, Lili C. Kopala, Robert A. Vandorpe, Qing Rui, Geoffrey N. Smith, Vina M. Goghari, Jocelyne S. Lapointe, William G. Honer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

A follow-up study of patients with schizophrenia was conducted to examine change in striatal volumes and extrapyramidal symptoms after a change in medication.Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy volunteers were examined. Patients at baseline receiving typical antipsychotics (N=10) or risperidone but exhibiting limited response (N=13) were switched to treatment with olanzapine. Patients receiving risperidone and exhibiting a good response (N=14) continued treatment with risperidone. Caudate, putamen, and pallidal volumes were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. The Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale was used to assess clinical signs and symptoms.At baseline, basal ganglia volumes in patients treated with typical antipsychotics were greater than in healthy subjects (putamen: 7.0% larger; globus pallidus: 20.7% larger). After the switch to olanzapine, putamen and globus pallidus volumes decreased (9.8% and 10.7%, respectively) and did not differ from those of healthy subjects at the follow-up evaluation. Akathisia was also reduced. In the patients receiving risperidone at baseline, basal ganglia volumes did not differ between those exhibiting good and poor response, and no significant volume changes were observed in subjects with poor risperidone response after the switch to olanzapine treatment.Olanzapine reversed putamen and globus pallidus enlargement induced by typical antipsychotics but did not alter volumes in patients previously treated with risperidone. Changes in striatal volumes related to typical and atypical antipsychotics may represent an interactive effect between individual medications and unique patient characteristics.
Flow Cytometric Monitoring of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Blockade and Platelet Function in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Receiving Reteplase, Abciximab, and Ticlopidine
Authors: Karlheinz Peter, Benedikt Kohler, Andreas Straub, Johannes Ruef, Martin Moser, Thomas Nordt, Manfred Olschewski, Magnus E. Ohman, Wolfgang Kübler, Christoph Bode
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Improvement of thrombolysis may be achieved by concomitant strong platelet inhibition. To monitor platelet function in patients with myocardial infarction (n=46) who were treated with the fibrinolytic agent reteplase, the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa blocker abciximab, and the ADP receptor antagonist ticlopidine, we developed a flow cytometric assay.Binding of abciximab to platelets was directly monitored as the percentage of platelets stained by a goat anti-mouse antibody. Blood drawn 10 minutes and 2 hours after the start of therapy with reteplase and abciximab and during the 12-hour infusion of abciximab demonstrated a maximal blockade of GP IIb/IIIa (10 minutes, 86.2+/-10.3%; 12 hours, 85.8+/-7.1%). Starting at 24 hours, abciximab binding gradually decreased (24 hours, 74.6+/-16.2%; 48 hours, 66.8+/-14.9%; 72 hours, 60.5+/-16.7%; 96 hours, 49.4+/-17.8%; 120 hours, 35.8+/-16. 4%; and 144 hours, 29.9+/-15.3%). Binding of a chicken anti-fibrinogen antibody to platelets, indicating the level of functional blockade of GP IIb/IIIa, was inversely correlated with the binding of abciximab (r=-0.72, P:<0.0001). In blood drawn at 10 minutes, platelet aggregation was maximally inhibited but recovered within 48 hours even if the majority of GP IIb/IIIa receptors were still blocked by abciximab. Reteplase did not influence abciximab binding and did not activate platelets, as measured by P-selectin expression, fibrinogen binding, and platelet aggregation. Platelet inhibition that was achieved during the first 24 hours by abciximab was directly maintained by additional treatment with ticlopidine.Flow cytometric monitoring of platelet function allows differentiation of the effects of reteplase, abciximab, and ticlopidine. The combination of abciximab and ticlopidine is an attractive therapeutic strategy that provides a fast and continuous platelet inhibition.
Role and responsibilities of general practitioner organisers of continuing medical education.
Authors: R M Berrington, M Varnam
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A total of 359 general practitioner organisers of continuing medical education in England and Wales were sent a questionnaire on their role and responsibilities in 1985; 206 with relevant duties replied. The results of the survey showed that they were playing an effective part in planning, organising, and evaluating educational activities at district level, that many were highly qualified and experienced general practitioners, and that many had previously been concerned in vocational training. Less than half had undergone formal training for their continuing education role. Only 105 (51%) were appointed district general practitioner tutors. They were more active in postgraduate centres than in practice based education. Almost a quarter (49) spent three to five hours a week on their educational duties, but 111 (54%) spent fewer hours. Although well provided with educational resources, few had any control over district educational funds, and over half lacked office space. As to remuneration, 161 (78%) received 500 pounds or less a year and almost two thirds received no reimbursement for expenses. Most had no job description. Attention is drawn to the case for appointing general practitioner organisers of continuing medical education ("district general practice tutors") in all districts of England and Wales, to their role in improving the participation of general practitioners in continuing medical education, and to the urgent need for a national agreement on their job description, preparation, support, and remuneration.
In rotator cuff tears, primary tendon repair was better than physiotherapy for some measures of function at 5 y
Authors: Patrick Henry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Moosmayer S, Lund G, Seljom US, et al. Tendon repair compared with physiotherapy in the treatment of rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled study in 103 cases with a five-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96:1504-14. 25232074
Risks for Major Bleeding from Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Consideration of Noninvasive Management
Authors: Paul D. Stein, Russell D. Hull, Gary Raskob
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To assess the relative risks for bleeding with thrombolytic therapy in patients who are managed using pulmonary angiograms compared with those managed using noninvasive tests, primarily the ventilation-perfusion lung scan.A decision analysis based on data from other studies.The risk for major bleeding in patients with pulmonary embolism who receive thrombolytic therapy after a noninvasive diagnosis was assessed from complications of thrombolytic therapy in patients with myocardial infarction, assuming that the same risk ratio for major bleeding when comparing an invasive with a noninvasive approach applied to patients with pulmonary embolism. The risk ratio was 3.3 (95% CI, 1.5 to 9.8) for major bleeding in patients with myocardial infarction. One or more major complications of pulmonary angiography occurred in 1.3% of patients (CI, 0.6% to 1.9%).The average reported risk was 14% (18 of 129 patients) (CI, 7.9% to 20.1%) for major bleeding in patients who had pulmonary angiography before receiving tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The estimated risk was 4.2% (estimated CI, 1.4% to 9.3%) for major bleeding with tPA after a noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Assuming a risk of 1.3% for major complications from pulmonary angiography, a risk for major hemorrhage of 14.0% for an invasive diagnosis, and a risk of 4.2% for a noninvasive diagnosis, fewer complications would occur with noninvasive management if the prevalence of pulmonary embolism exceeded 21%.Among patients with suspected pulmonary embolism who are candidates for thrombolytic therapy, it is safer to use noninvasive diagnostic tests in many patients.
Substance Abuse and Anesthesiology Training-Reply
Authors: Emil J. Menk
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  The lack of response from some training programs represents many considerations: pending litigation and internal organizational changes, to mention two. This contradicts Dr Matsumura's implication that these programs' drug-impaired residents had only minor difficulties. Frankly, we have never encountered departmental staff who consider  anesthesiology resident with a substance abuse problem a minor difficulty. We would welcome the opportunity to study data concerning redirected residents.  Are treatment programs really changing as dramatically as Dr Matsumura infers? Although improvements surely have been and are continuing to be made, the Medical Association of Georgia has had a Disabled Doctors Program since the mid-1970s that advocates an initial four-month treatment program... followed by a carefully monitored, 20-month aftercare program.1The fact remains that the available information still shows that 66% of the residents abusing parenteral opiates (52) failed after reentry into the field of anesthesiology. Perhaps more important, 25% of
Thrombospondins as matricellular modulators of cell function
Authors: Paul Bornstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Matricellular proteinsThrombospondins (TSPs) are a small family of secreted, modular glycoproteins whose functions, at a mechanistic level, are not well understood, despite increasing scrutiny in recent years.TSP1 and TSP2 form one subgroup and are trimers with a chain molecular mass of about 145 kDa.The pentameric TSPs 3-5 are significantly smaller, with a subunit molecular mass of about 100 kDa (1), and their physiological roles are probably distinct.This Perspective will concern itself with TSP1 and TSP2. TSP1 and TSP2 as matricellular proteinsUnlike the various structural proteins of the ECM, TSP1 and TSP2 do not appear to contribute directly to the integrity of a physical entity, such as a fiber or a basement membrane.Rather, it seems that these proteins act contextually to influence cell function by modulating cell-matrix interactions.TSP1 and TSP2 can interact with specific cell-surface receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and proteases, and the availability of each of these diverse molecules may help define their function in a given environment.These properties are shared by other nonhomologous but functionally similar proteins such as SPARC, tenascin C, and osteopontin, some of which are the subject of other Perspectives in this series, and have led to the application of the term "matricellular" to this group of proteins (2).Because no orthologues of TSP1 and TSP2 can be found in the genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans or Drosophila (3), it appears that these two proteins do not play fundamental roles in metazoan biology but have evolved to deal with the increased complexity of cellmatrix interactions in vertebrates.Matricellular proteins share a number of other characteristics.These proteins are expressed primarily during development, during growth, and in response to injury, and they are not abundant in the normal adult animal, except in tissues with continued turnover, such as bone.Furthermore, targeted disruption of the murine genes encoding these proteins produces an apparently normal or subtle phenotype, although more careful scrutiny and appropriate challenges have revealed clear-cut and often unanticipated abnormalities (refs.4-6; and see other Perspectives in this series).These findings are in contrast to the phenotypes of mice Thrombospondins as matricellular modulators of cell function
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Associated Lymphoepithelioma-Like Thymic Carcinoma Associated With Paraneoplastic Syndrome of Polymyositis
Authors: Bhasker R. Koppula, Sudhakar Pipavath, David H. Lewis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Thymic carcinomas are rare neoplasms representing less than 1% of all thymic malignancies arising from thymic epithelium. Lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma is a high grade neoplasm with aggressive features and frequent metastasis. Association of lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinomas with Epstein-Barr virus was observed in several previously reported case reports. Paraneoplastic syndromes have been reported with lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma. We report a case of rare association of paraneoplastic syndrome of polymyositis with lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma. The case highlights generalized increase in fluoro-deoxy-glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles indicating biopsy proven polymyositis-a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Uptake of human papillomavirus vaccine stalls in the US
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The proportion of teenage girls in the United States receiving the vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) appears to have stalled at a little over 50%, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported.1

The report, which appears in the current issue of the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , said that from 2007 to 2011 the percentage of girls in the US, aged 13-17 years, who had received at least one of the three recommended doses of the vaccine doubled from 25.1% to 53%, but, then, uptake appeared to stall, increasing to just 53.8% in 2012.

At a press conference to announce …
FAUN TAIL (SACRAL HIRSUTIES) AND DIASTEMATOMYELIA*
Authors: W. R. R. THURSFIELD, A. AITKEN ROSS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article FAUN TAIL (SACRAL HIRSUTIES) AND DIASTEMATOMYELIA Get access W. R. R. THURSFIELD, M.B., B.S., D.M.R., D.M.R.D., W. R. R. THURSFIELD, M.B., B.S., D.M.R., D.M.R.D. Consultant Radiologist, St. Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. AITKEN ROSS, M.B., M.R.C.P.E. A. AITKEN ROSS, M.B., M.R.C.P.E. Consultant Dermatologist, St. Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1961, Pages 328–336, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14457.x Published: 01 August 1961
Resurgence of interest in medical oaths and codes of conduct
Authors: P. H Millard, J. Scotson, J W B Forshaw
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—By missing out the first line of the Hippocratic Code, Hurwitz and Richardson have altered the meaning,1 which begins: “I swear by Apollo the physician, by Aesculapius, Hygeia and Panacea, and I take to witness all the gods, all the goddesses, to keep according to my ability and judgement the following oath.” Clearly, 2500 years ago the Greeks thought that judgment of success was divine as well as secular. 

In developing a universal code there is the problem of: “How to develop an all embracing ethical code of practice if one makes the code relative to local circumstances?”1 The draft revision of the Hippocratic Oath states: “Where abortion is permitted, I agree that it should take place only within an ethical and legal framework.” Will the Dutch Medical Association want to include euthanasia? 

The Gordian knot concerns the relation between morals based on ideas of community, values, and the worth of individuals, and the law based on encoded practice. 

When moral values are in disagreement with the law of the land, conflict ensues. The Hippocratic Oath was based upon a Pythagorean concept of respect for life. After the Nuremberg trials, the Geneva Convention included the line: “I will maintain the utmost respect for human life from its beginning, even under threat, and I will not use my specialist knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity; I make these promises solemnly, freely, and upon my honour.” By making the gift of life a material choice the medical profession opened Pandora’s box. 

Myself and a colleague recently reported on a three year study of the practical problems doctors and nurses face about decision making at the end of a patient’s life.2 The participants were confused about questions such as “Who is responsible for death when treatment is withdrawn?” and “Why is it not necessary always to treat?” To overcome this confusion we proposed three moral principles that should govern clinical practice: (a) Treatment of patients must reflect the inherent dignity of every person irrespective of age, debility, dependence, race, colour, or creed; (b) Actions must reflect the needs of the patient where he or she is; and (c) Decisions taken must value the person and accept human mortality. 

These principles put clinical judgment into an ethical concept of tending. The tending that patients receive will be limited by the doctor’s skills, the expert opinion available to him or her, and resources, but it will always be patient centred. 

In constructing a new set of values to take note of modern times the taskforce could begin by adopting these values as the basis for decision making at the end of life.
Pilot Project: Preventing Further AIDS Spread Among Women, General Heterosexual Population
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

BY 1991, according to some projections, women will account for 12% of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Public health experts are hoping to intervene now to prevent further spread of AIDS among women and into the heterosexual population in general. Three cities are embarking on an innovative pilot education and prevention program to reach "a diverse and scattered group, many of whom do not know they are at increased risk," said Sheila Namir, PhD, at the Boston meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. Namir is assistant professor at the California College of Professional Psychology in Los Angeles. The Women and AIDS Risk Network (WARN), which Namir heads, is putting the finishing touches on a program that will begin in Boston, Phoenix, and Los Angeles. The program will target sexual partners of intravenous drug users and users themselves, prostitutes, prisoners, adolescent runaways, and the homeless. It is being funded
Metoposcopy and Kindred Arts
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1973)

August 5, 1968, marked a significant event in the history of science, for on that date was published in<i>JAMA</i>(<b>205</b>:470) the first controlled study in metoposcopy. The reader may immediately ask, what is that? Indeed, the people of the world can be divided into two classes—those who know the meaning of "metoposcopy" and those who do not. The first group comprises a handful of antiquarians. Everyone else falls into the second group. The term might thus seem to have little general appeal, but I nevertheless suggest sound reason for discussing it: metoposcopy forms a part of the vast intellectual realm that interpenetrates the history of thought and the history of science. This is the realm of the occult that bridges the gap between magic and science. "Metoposcopy" means literally the observation of the forehead, and the term refers to the information about the past and the future that
Sweden's No-Fault Patient-Injury Insurance
Authors: James K. Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Abstract Sweden has introduced a nationwide no-fault patient-injury compensation plan. The plan was not introduced because malpractice insurance costs were high, but because so few injured patients received compensation through the tort liability system. With certain exceptions, compensation is provided for loss that occurs as a result of injury related to hospitalization or medical care. The insurance plan has completed 12 months of operation. Its total cost is less than 50¢ per citizen, and it is financed from general tax revenue. Sweden's experience can be projected to a population the size of the United States, and the results compared to United States malpractice liability figures. Such a comparison indicates a total number of awards greater than that of the United States, but a lower average amount per award. (N Engl J Med 294:1268–1270, 1976)