tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary saturated fatty acids down-regulate cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor alfa and reverse fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease in the rat
Authors: A A Nanji, D Zakim, A Rahemtulla, T Daly, L Miao, S Zhao, S Khwaja, S R Tahan, A J Dannenberg
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We investigated the potential of dietary saturated fatty acids to decrease endotoxemia and suppress expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in established alcohol-induced liver injury. Six groups (five rats/group) of male Wistar rats were studied. Rats in group 1 were fed a fish oil-ethanol diet for 6 weeks. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed fish oil and ethanol for 6 weeks. Ethanol administration was stopped at this time, and the rats were switched to isocaloric diets containing dextrose with fish oil (group 2), palm oil (group 3), or medium-chain triglycerides (group 4) as the source of fat for an additional 2 weeks. Rats in groups 5 and 6 were fed fish oil-ethanol and fish oil-dextrose, respectively, for 8 weeks. Liver samples were analyzed for histopathology, lipid peroxidation, and levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for Cox-2 and TNF-α. Concentrations of endotoxin were determined in plasma. The most severe inflammation and fibrosis were detected in groups 1 and 5, as were the highest levels of endotoxin, lipid peroxidation, and mRNA for Cox-2 and TNF-α. After ethanol was discontinued, there was minimal histological improvement in group 2 but near normalization of the histology, including regression of fibrosis, in groups 3 and 4. Histological improvement was associated with decreased levels of endotoxin, lipid peroxidation, and reduced expression of Cox-2 and TNF-α. The data indicate that a diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (groups 3 and 4) effectively reverses alcohol-induced liver injury, including fibrosis. The therapeutic effects of saturated fatty acids may be explained, at least in part, by reduced endotoxemia and lipid peroxidation, which in turn result in decreased levels of TNF-α and Cox-2.
OP10 End-stage methotrexate-associated chronic liver disease in the USA: interaction of drug, host and environmental factors
Authors: M. F. Dawwas, G. P. Aithal
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective and widely used immunosuppressant; however, long-term therapy has been associated with steatosis, progressive hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Given the similarity of the histopathological features of methotrexate-associated chronic liver disease (MTX-CLD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), we hypothesised that these diseases may share a common pathogenesis. <h3>Method</h3> We analysed the diagnostic records of all individuals who have been listed for liver transplantation in the USA and reported to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) during the period 1 October 1987 and 22 May 2009 to identify those whose liver disease was deemed to have been, wholly or partly, caused by methotrexate (MTX-CLD). We compared the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult individuals with MTX-CLD with those listed for ALD and NAFLD. <h3>Results</h3> Among 148 639 unique listings for liver transplantation, we identified 105 individuals with MTX-CLD, and these were compared with individuals listed for ALD (n=17 592) and NAFLD (n=3259). Concurrent liver disease among individuals with MTX-CLD included ALD in 4.8%, NAFLD in 7.7%, hepatocellular carcinoma in 2.9%, hepatitis C infection in 1% and other drug-induced liver disease in 1%. Compared to the ALD group, those with MTX-CLD were older (median age 57 vs 51 years, p&lt;0.0001), more likely to be Caucasian (91.4% vs 80.9%, p&lt;0.007), female (46.2% vs 19.2%, p&lt;0.001) and diabetic (36.8% vs 18.3%, p&lt;0.001), and had a higher body mass index (median 28.2 vs 27.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, p&lt;0.03), but a lower median MELD score (14.5 vs 16, p&lt;0.007). In contrast, compared to individuals with NAFLD, those with MTX-CLD were less likely to be diabetic (36.8% vs 47.7%, p&lt;0.05) and had a lower median body mass index (28.2 vs 32.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, p&lt;0.0001), but a similar age, gender, ethnicity and MELD distribution. The prevalence of hypertension and vascular disease did not differ among the three groups, nor did their complications (ascites, encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) profile. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the largest analysis of end-stage MTX-CLD reported to date, demonstrating that it is a rare form of cirrhosis that has a distinct risk factor profile from those of ALD and, to a lesser extent, NAFLD. The severity of MTX hepatotoxicity may be potentiated by host (ethnicity) and environmental (diabetes, obesity) factors, ultimately leading to decompensated disease. A common pathogenic process may underlie MTX-CLD, ALD and NAFLD.
Peripheral Vascular Response to Simulated Hemorrhagic Shock during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Dogs
Authors: DAVID LONGNECKER, FRANCIS L. ABEL
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

The peripheral vascular response to hemorrhagic hypotension was examined in thirteen anesthetized dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass. Nine animals were subjected to 2 or 4 hours of hypotension by decreasing pump output (30ml/kg/min), thereby controlling mean arterial blood pressure at 40 mm Hg. Systemic flow was then returned to prehypotensive levels (100 ml/kg/min), and the animals were observed for 6 more hours. Dynamic venous compliance was determined by occluding the venous outflow catheters and recording the venous pressure rise at a known rate of inflow. Venous compliance, changes in reservoir fluid volume, total peripheral resistance, and mean arterial blood pressure were measured at 30-minute intervals. During the first hour of hypotension there was a marked increase in venous compliance, a decrease in reservoir fluid volume, and an increase in total peripheral resistance. Fluid uptake increased during the first hour after returning flow to control values, although mean arterial blood pressure, venous compliance, and total peripheral resistance were similar to the controls during the posthypotensive period. Three dogs were subjected to the same procedure, but without hypotension, to determine the influence of extracorporeal circulation on dynamic compliance when flow is constant. The results indicate that the dog on cardiopulmonary bypass responds to hypotension by arterial constriction and an increase in venous compliance. There was no evidence to indicate a loss of venous or arterial tone within 6 hours following the period of hypotension, although the gross changes in the gut at autopsy were similar to those seen in dogs dying in hemorrhagic shock.
18F-FDOPA and 18F-FLT positron emission tomography parametric response maps predict response in recurrent malignant gliomas treated with bevacizumab
Authors: R. J. Harris, T. F. Cloughesy, W. B. Pope, P. L. Nghiemphu, A. Lai, T. Zaw, J. Czernin, M. E. Phelps, W. Chen, B. M. Ellingson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

The current study examined the use of voxel-wise changes in 18F-FDOPA and 18F-FLT PET uptake, referred to as parametric response maps (PRMs), to determine whether they were predictive of response to bevacizumab in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Twenty-four patients with recurrent malignant gliomas who underwent bevacizumab treatment were analyzed. Patients had MR and PET images acquired before and at 2 time points after bevacizumab treatment. PRMs were created by examining the percentage change in tracer uptake between time points in each image voxel. Voxel-wise increase in PET uptake in areas of pretreatment contrast enhancement defined by MRI stratified 3-month progression-free survival (PFS) and 6-month overall survival (OS) according to receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. A decrease in PET tracer uptake was associated with longer PFS and OS, whereas an increase in PET uptake was associated with short PFS and OS. The volume fraction of increased 18F-FDOPA PET uptake between the 2 posttreatment time points also stratified long- and short-term PFS and OS (log-rank, P < .05); however, 18F-FLT uptake did not stratify OS. This study suggests that an increase in FDOPA or FLT PET uptake on PRMs after bevacizumab treatment may be a useful biomarker for predicting PFS and that FDOPA PET PRMs are also predictive of OS in recurrent gliomas treated with bevacizumab.
Glu298Asp Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphism Interacts With Environmental and Dietary Factors to Influence Endothelial Function
Authors: C.P.M. Leeson, A.D. Hingorani, M.J. Mullen, N. Jeerooburkhan, M. Kattenhorn, T.J. Cole, D.P.R. Muller, A. Lucas, S.E. Humphries, J.E. Deanfield
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

An endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism (Glu298Asp) has been associated with cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether carriage of the polymorphism was associated with functional changes in the endothelium, and how genotype altered the harmful and beneficial impact of environmental influences on the endothelium. Endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent dilatation response to glyceryl trinitrate were measured using high-resolution ultrasound in 248 subjects (131 female, 117 male, aged 20 to 28) genotyped for the Glu298Asp polymorphism. Vascular function was compared between genotype groups and interactions with the proatherogenic risk factor, smoking, and the antiatherogenic influence of n-3 fatty acids (n-3FA) were investigated. Vascular function was not related to genotype in the group as a whole or within sexes. However, among males, smoking was associated with lower FMD in Asp298 carriers (nonsmokers 0.125±0.085 mm versus smokers 0.070±0.060 mm, P =0.006) but not in Glu298 homozygotes (nonsmokers 0.103±0.090 mm versus smokers 0.124±0.106, P =0.5). In the whole group, n-3FA levels were positively related to FMD in Asp298 carriers (reg coeff=0.023 mm/%, P =0.04, r =0.20) but not in Glu298 homozygotes (reg coeff=−0.019 mm/%, P =0.1). These differences between genotype groups were significant in interaction models. The Glu298Asp polymorphism is associated with differences in endothelial responses to both smoking and n-3 FA in healthy young subjects. These findings raise the possibility of genotype-specific prevention strategies in cardiovascular disease.
Obstructive sleep apnoea with hypoxaemia leads to hepatic dysfunction
Authors: J Quint
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Chin K, Nakamura T, Takahashi K, et al . Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome on serum aminotransferase levels in obese patients. Am J Med2003;114:370–6 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Abnormal aminotransferase levels in obese patients prompted this group to investigate changes in serum aminotransferase levels in 40 obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea who, on polysomnography and clinical symptoms, were candidates for treatment with nasal CPAP … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BAmerican%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bmedicine%26rft.stitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DChin%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%26rft.volume%253D114%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D370%26rft.epage%253D376%26rft.atitle%253DEffects%2Bof%2Bobstructive%2Bsleep%2Bapnea%2Bsyndrome%2Bon%2Bserum%2Baminotransferase%2Blevels%2Bin%2Bobese%2Bpatients.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0002-9343%252802%252901570-X%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12714126%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01570-X&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12714126&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F8%2F732.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000182436400005&link_type=ISI
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early colorectal tumors using a grasping-type scissors forceps: a preliminary clinical study
Authors: K. Akahoshi, R. Okamoto, H. Akahane, Y. Motomura, M. Kubokawa, T. Osoegawa, N. Nakama, T. Chaen, M. Oya, K. Nakamura
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

To reduce the risk of complications related to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), we developed a new grasping-type scissors forceps (GSF), which can grasp and incise the targeted tissue using an electrosurgical current. We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of ESD using GSF for the removal of colorectal tumors in 10 consecutive patients. After the submucosa had been injected with a solution, the lesion was separated from the surrounding normal mucosa by complete incision around the lesion using the GSF. A piece of submucosal tissue was grasped and cut with the GSF using an electrosurgical current to achieve submucosal excision. All lesions were treated easily and safely with no unexpected incisions. No delayed hemorrhage or perforation occurred. En bloc resection was obtained in all cases. The tumor-free lateral/basal margins were obtained in eight out of 10 patients. ESD using GSF appears to be an easy, safe, and technically efficient method for resecting early colorectal tumors.
Warnings: Smokers Opt for the New, Prefer Carbon Monoxide Poisoning to Fetal Injury
Authors: Alan Blum
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Proponents of the four tougher, rotating warning labels on cigarette advertisements and packs mandated by the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1985 hoped that greater awareness of the specific adverse consequences of smoking would lead to a decline in cigarette use. They seem to have underestimated the ability of tobacco manufacturers to create strategies that negate any effectiveness the warnings might have had. For example, warning labels on bill-boards and point-of-purchase displays have become camouflaged to the point of being invisible. In addition, the warning appears on the side of the pack and not along the front, unlike in most other countries where warning labels are required. (In Iceland, where prominent warnings were ordered to appear on the front of cigarette packs in 1985, the tobacco industry responded by withdrawing popular trade names from the market and introducing new ones with attractive packaging—thus undercutting the impact of
Autosomal/Recessive: (Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia)
Authors: H.J. Van Peenen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Ad Libitum1 July 1996Autosomal/Recessive: (Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia)H.J. Van Peenen, MDH.J. Van Peenen, MDSalem, OR 97302Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail From a chance mating comes a child,perfectly formed, that sucks and criesand then a few days later dies.A fatal flaw in its receptors kills.And yet the next time its two parents pairits sibling thrives to guzzle milk and airfor he has wiser moleculeson half his sites and death is nullified.The normal and the flawed live side by sidein health with only small degrees of risein serum calcium to show what lurkswithin the cell's bland skin. Cation worksreceptors with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Salem, OR 97302Corresponding Author: H.J. Van Peenen, MD, 380 Jerris Avenue SE, Salem, OR 97302. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 1Page: 7KeywordsAllelesBirthCalciumCationsHypercalcemiaMilk ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Epidemiological profile of symptomatic osteoarthritis in older adults: a population based study in Dicomano, Italy
Authors: A Mannoni, M P Briganti, M Di Bari, L Ferrucci, S Costanzo, U Serni, G Masotti, N Marchionni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objectives:</b> To assess the prevalence of hand, hip, and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in an older Italian community dwelling population and its association with disability. <b>Method:</b> A cross sectional survey of the whole community aged 65 years and over, was carried out in Dicomano, a small rural town in Tuscany, Italy. Subjects were screened by geriatricians for major chronic conditions, including hip, knee, and hand OA, using diagnostic algorithms based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical criteria. A rheumatologist examined subjects who screened positive. Disability was assessed by a World Health Organisation questionnaire. <b>Results:</b> 697 of 864 eligible subjects (81% of the eligible population) were screened. OA of the knee, hand, or hip was identified by clinical ACR criteria respectively in 159, 139, and 81 subjects, and was confirmed by the rheumatologist in 158/182 (87%), 75/101 (74%), and 63.2% of cases. The estimated prevalence was 29.8%, 14.9%, and 7.7%, respectively. Only hip OA was significantly associated with disability in basic activities of daily living. <b>Conclusions:</b> About one third of community dwelling older people are affected by symptomatic peripheral OA. Hip OA was strongly associated with disability.
Whither Continuity of Care?
Authors: F A Manian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

As I walk down the halls of the hospital to see my patients, I cannot help but notice a marked change. The sight of a primary care internist taking care of his or her patients while they are hospitalized is becoming increasingly rare, thanks to the supplanting of general internists by “hospitalists” in the name of cost effectiveness. It seems as though, almost overnight, general internists have been declared unqualified to take care of hospitalized patients. Family-practice physicians still review their patients' charts and take care of their patients while they are hospitalized. Ironically, general internists, who are often employees . . .
Questionnaire survey on use of placebo
Authors: Uriel Nitzan, Pesach Lichtenberg
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To gauge the frequency and circumstances of use of placebo in clinical practice and the attitudes towards its use among those who administer it. <b>Design</b> Retrospective questionnaire. <b>Setting</b> Two large hospitals and various community clinics in the Jerusalem area. <b>Participants</b> 31 physicians working in hospital inpatient and outpatient departments, 31 head nurses working in hospital inpatient departments, and 27 family physicians working in community clinics. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Self report of frequency and circumstances of, and attitudes towards, use of placebo. <b>Results</b> Among the 89 respondents, 53 (60%) used placebos (95% confidence interval 49% to 70%). Among users, 33 (62%) prescribed a placebo as often as once a month or more; 36 (68%) told patients they were receiving actual medication; 15 (28%) considered that placebos were a diagnostic tool; and 48/51 (94%) reported that they found placebos generally or occasionally effective. <b>Conclusion</b> Most practitioners questioned in this study continue to use placebos. Used wisely, placebos might have a legitimate place in therapeutics. Wider recognition of the practice and debate about its implications are imperative.
Systemic Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibition Reduces Inflammation and Improves Vascular Function in Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Rajesh K. Kharbanda, Sharon Wallace, Benjamin Walton, Ann Donald, Jennifer M. Cross, John Deanfield
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Circulating lipids may initiate and progress atherosclerosis by causing vascular inflammation. Monocytes and tissue macrophages are involved and regulate lipid metabolism in the vascular wall through acetylation of cholesterol by acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). ACAT inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in animal models by mechanisms that may be independent of their effects on circulating lipids. Because endothelial dysfunction is an important factor in atherosclerosis, we tested the hypothesis that systemic ACAT inhibition would improve endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic humans and assessed its effects on circulating lipids and markers of systemic inflammation. Methods and Results— We studied 21 hypercholesterolemic subjects in a double-blind, randomized-crossover, placebo-controlled trial with assessments of circulating lipids, markers of inflammation, resistance-vessel endothelial function (with venous occlusion plethysmography), and conduit-vessel vasoreactivity (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation at baseline and after placebo or treatment with avasimibe 750 mg QDS for 8 weeks. There was a small change in total cholesterol with treatment (326±25 to 311±22 mg/dL, P =0.04). Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly reduced (4.0±0.3 to 3.6±0.2 pg/mL, P =0.02); resistance vessel responses to acetylcholine, bradykinin, and verapamil were significantly enhanced; and responses to nitroglycerin and conduit-vessel vasoreactivity were unchanged after ACAT inhibition. Conclusions— Systemic ACAT inhibition reduces circulating tumor necrosis factor-α levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects and improves resistance-vessel endothelial function, with small effects on circulating cholesterol. This may be a novel therapeutic strategy to target vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
Mechanical Stimuli to Airway Remodeling
Authors: DANIEL J. TSCHUMPERLIN, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<STRESSES IN THE AIRWAY WA...CELLULAR RESPONSES TO MEC...COOPERATIVE RESPONSE TO M...CONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Differences in the Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Reported by Two Laboratories Using the Direct Immunofluorescence Test
Authors: Barbara D. Reed, Werner Huck
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Over a two-year period, unforeseen circumstances led us to use two different microbiology laboratories for<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>testing by the direct immunofluorescence method. The large disparity in the results obtained from the two laboratories illustrates the need for standards to ensure the quality of this test. <h3>Study.—</h3> Between January 14, 1985, and April 29, 1985, we tested patients with and without cervicitis for the presence of<i>C trachomatis</i>using the direct immunofluorescence test. Patients were seen in three family practice offices and a family planning center. The testing was performed at a private microbiology laboratory in Salt Lake City. The rate of detection of<i>C trachomatis</i>in the patients with and without symptoms of pelvic infection was 3% (6/194). After the study was concluded, the direct testing for<i>C trachomatis</i>infections in our family practice center reverted to a local laboratory we had used previously. Surprisingly,
The γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain of anticoagulant protein S is involved in activated protein C cofactor activity, independently of phospholipid binding
Authors: François Saller, Bruno O. Villoutreix, Aymeric Amelot, Tahar Kaabache, Bernard F. Le Bonniec, Martine Aiach, Sophie Gandrille, Delphine Borgel
Journal: Blood (2004)