tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Litigation in obstetrics and gynaecology has increased in Merseyside
Authors: B. Alderman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Interferon beta in multiple sclerosis Reducing frequency and severity of relapses will be of great clinical benefitEditor-Richard G Richards's editorial on interferon beta in multiple sclerosis deals with the "clinical cost effectiveness" of the drug in the disease, but it lacks a fair balance, emphasising the cost effectiveness and minimising the clinical effectiveness of the drug. 1 Richards states that "the studies showed no evidence of any reduction in the more clinically relevant endpoint-the progression of disability, which should be the goal of treatment."This is his personal judgment and does not reflect the needs and wishes of patients with multiple sclerosis and their families.Multiple sclerosis is a distressing, humiliating, and often long drawn out disease with no cure.For this reason, quality of life, for the patients and their families, is paramount.A drug that can reduce the frequency and severity of relapses, whether or not it diminishes the progression of the disease, will be of great clinical benefit to many patients, improving their situation physically, psychologically, and socially.Surely happiness, feeling better, and increased health have great value.This is what many of us believe that the practice of our profession is about.
For Debate: Continuing with pregnancy after a diagnosis of lethal abnormality: experience of five couples and recommendations for management
Authors: L. S Chitty, C. A Barnes, C. Berry
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In the genetics clinic we meet many parents whose pregnancy has been complicated by the unexpected finding of a serious fetal malformation. Many of these couples terminate their pregnancy but some continue and allow nature to take its course. We summarise the experience of five couples and highlight various aspects showing the inappropriateness of routine obstetric care for these women. These were five consecutive couples (see table 1) known to the genetics department who agreed to a semistructured, tape recorded interview at varying intervals (one week to eight months) after their pregnancies.

View this table:

Table 1 
Summary of case histories in the five cases



### of options

Three of the five women thought that the options of termination and continuation of the pregnancy had been adequately discussed from an early stage. One commented that it had been made clear that there were “different choices for different people.” Another couple (case 5) were not aware that continuation of the pregnancy was a real option until they reported to the labour ward for “induction” at 21 weeks. Up to that point the word “termination” had not been used. “It was like we were in a tunnel and there was only one way out. I just didn't think that I had any choice but to go with what was suggested. I don't understand why they didn't discuss all the options. I don't think that we thought of the consequences of what we were doing. I went in to have the baby induced—that was the word used. It didn't register with us that they were going to terminate the pregnancy.” Once the couple realised what induction meant they decided not to proceed and returned home.

Appreciation was expressed by other couples about the positive aspects of their care. Time given for decision making in a relaxed atmosphere seemed of particular value, …
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Rectum Mimicking Angioma
Authors: B. Wörmann, R. Burlefinger, H.-J. Seib, P. Hermanek, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

We report on a 52-year-old man who was admitted to hospital for peranal bleeding due to a rectal tumor with the endoscopic aspect of an angioma. The histological work-up revealed a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of low malignancy (centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma in the Kiel classification). The lymphoma was staged IE. A short review of the literature is given.
Rising trend of asthma prevalence among Turkish schoolchildren (ISAAC phases I and III)
Authors: U. Ones, A. Akcay, Z. Tamay, N. Guler, M. Zencir
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Asthma is a common chronic illness in childhood. The aim of the study was to examine time trends in the prevalence of asthma using the ISAAC questionnaire in 6- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in Istanbul and factors affecting asthma prevalence.Two cross-sectional surveys were performed, 9 years apart (1995 and 2004) using the ISAAC protocol. The survey conducted in 1995 was repeated in 2004 using the same questionnaire in the same age group, in the same schools in the same season. The 2500 questionnaires were distributed to the children to be completed by their parents at home.A total of 2387 children (response rate 95.5%) in the 2004 study and 2216 children (response rate 94.3%) in 1995 were included in the final analysis. The overall lifetime prevalence of wheeze increased from 15.1% to 25.3%; prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.64-2.21, and P < 0.001. The overall 12-month prevalence of wheeze increased from 8.2% to 11.3%; POR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.18-1.75, and P < 0.001. The prevalence of asthma increased significantly from 9.8% to 17.8%; POR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.67-2.36, and P < 0.001. In both 1995 and 2004, family history of asthma, eczema diagnosed by a physician, food allergy diagnosed by a physician, frequent otitis, frequent sinusitis were associated significantly with high risk for asthma.In the 9-year period from 1995 to 2004, the prevalence of asthma symptoms has increased in 6- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in Istanbul. Risk factors affecting asthma prevalence remained unchanged during the 9-year period.
Modern Treatment of Gonorrhoea
Authors: T. E. Osmond
Journal: BMJ (1943)

JOURNALis by no means a rare one.It is to be suspected whenever eczematization occurs in skinjlesions receiving local treatment with sulphonamides.Intradermal and patch tests are of little value in diagnosis, which is best confirmed by the reaction which follows a small dose of sulphanilamide by mouth.My thanks are due to Major B. C. Tate,
Steroid "pseudorheumatism" in asthma.
Authors: F. E. Hargreave, D. S. McCarthy, J. Pepys
Journal: BMJ (1969)

principal differences are that Coxiella burneti is not dependent on an arthropod vector, does not share the Proteus XK antigens, and pro- duces a different disease complex in man.The creation of a new genus Coxiella within the family Rickettsiaceae is therefore justified in the eyes of the distinguished authors of Bergey.'I cannot help but agree with them and suggest that if the "criteria " of Dr. Smith were adopted taxonomy would frankly be impossible.-Iam, etc.,
Periportal Varices Detected on a Radionuclide Bleeding Study
Authors: ERIC P. WEINBERG, JEFFREY COOPER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 52-year-old woman with cirrhosis secondary to ethanol abuse had hematemesis and melena. Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy revealed gastritis, but no active source of bleeding. Colonoscopy showed multiple blood clots in the colon. A radionuclide gastrointestinal bleeding study demonstrated immediate and persistent activity in the porta hepatis, suggestive of dilated vessels. This finding was confirmed by angiography.
Usefulness of Positron Emission Tomography for Management of Ocular Sebaceous Carcinoma
Authors: Satuski Yasumura, Hideo Shojaku, Rinnosuke Wada, Yukio Watanabe, Hiroko Shojaku, Hikaru Seto, Masaya Kawano, Kouichi Tsuneyama
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Ocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an uncommon, aggressive ocular neoplasm with potential for regional and distant metastasis. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment can reduce mortality. To date, little has been known about the usefulness of FDG-PET for diagnosing ocular SC. We report a case of a 63-year-old-woman with an ocular SC, in which significant uptake of FDG was observed in the regional, histopathologically confirmed metastatic lymph nodes. FDG-PET can be used in the staging of ocular SC, especially with asymptomatic distant metastases, if the tumor size is large enough.
Dead children from problem families
Authors: E Christopher
Journal: BMJ (1983)

child whose parents are typhoid carriers.Health visitors and general practitioners would have to become more involved than at present, but at least health visitors have a statutory right of entry.Social work would continue to be vital: it would be wrong (and impossible) to take all these children into care, and with skilled help such as that available at present most of the problem families could be kept together, to the eventual benefit of the children.But the decision to intervene would not have to be taken by a social worker and his senior colleagues, who would perhaps be deeply involved in helping the family.A case conference called by a community doctor would be more likely to be attended by the general practitioner caring for the family.
Comparison of a Radionuclide Method and Catheterization for the Measurement of Residual Volume of Urine in the Bladder
Authors: DAVID GROSHAR, OSCAR M. EMBON, ALEJANDRO SAZBON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Residual urine volume in the bladder was measured using a gamma camera and Tc-99m DTPA labeling of the urine and was compared to urethral catheterization in 21 male patients. The results of the radionuclide method did not differ significantly from the catheterization (P<0.001) and a good correlation was found between the two methods (r = 0.98). The results suggest that the simple, safe radionuclide method may be used instead of catheterization to measure residual urine volume in the bladder.
Liverpool care pathway is a nice idea--pity about the practice
Authors: E. Breen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The idea of optimal palliation during the final days of life makes good medical sense and should be the end of a continuum of best practice.1 The idea of making someone comfortable and easing suffering sounds good. Relatives like to think their loved ones are at peace.

This is the plan, but who will diagnose “dying” and what internationally accepted criteria will be …
Dissemination of results needs to be tracked as well as the funding is
Authors: James McCormack, Peter Loewen, Peter Jewesson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Prognosis in obesity Older people should not be misinformed about being overweightEditor-With reference to the editorial by Lean on prognosis in obesity, 1 advising apparently overweight older people to lose weight may do more harm than good.Evidence suggests that the risks of being "overweight" decrease with increasing age.On the basis of mortality, the ideal body mass index (BMI) is higher in older than young adults, with an optimum BMI for people older than 65 in the young adult "overweight" range of 27-30 kg/m 2 . 2 In a systematic review, Heiat et al concluded that the relation between BMI and mortality in people older than 65 is a flat bottomed, Ushaped curve, with mortality rising only at BMI > 31 kg/m 2 and perhaps not at any BMI in people older than 75. 2 Weight loss is more common than weight gain in older people, and associated with poor outcomes, even when the weight loss is intentional and the person was "overweight" at baseline. [3]4][5] In the prospective cardiovascular health study of some 4700 community dwelling people older than 65, weight loss of more than 5% over three years was substantially more common than weight gain of more than 5%. 3 Weight loss, but not weight gain, was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality (relative risk 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 2.15). 3 The association of increased mortality with weight loss persisted even at the highest third of baseline weight. 3 In a study of older men with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , intentional weight loss was associated (P < 0.001) with a greater rate of hip bone loss ( -1.7%/year) than in men with no weight loss ( -0.1%/year) or weight gain (0.5%/year). 5 The indiscriminate application of evidence from studies in younger adults to the management of older people is hazardous.We believe that many older people are trying to lose weight inappropriately.There is a need to ensure that most of our elders are given appropriate advice: "Keep physically active, eat sensibly, and maintain weight."
THE EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL ON THE ACETYLCHOLINE-INDUCED SWEAT GLAND RESPONSE IN ATOPIC AND NON-ATOPIC SUBJECTS
Authors: H. G. W. M. HEMELS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article THE EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL ON THE ACETYLCHOLINE‐INDUCED SWEAT GLAND RESPONSE IN ATOPIC AND NON‐ATOPIC SUBJECTS Get access H. G. W. M. HEMELS H. G. W. M. HEMELS Department of Dermatology (Prof. Dr J. W. H. Mali), University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 2, 1 August 1970, Pages 312–314, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15706.x Published: 01 August 1970 Article history Accepted: 20 March 1970 Published: 01 August 1970
Salivary Gland Scintigraphy
Authors: BRUCE A. SCHROEDER, DAVID J. CZARNECKI, ROBERT G. WELLS, JOHN R. STY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A case of cystic hygroma of the parotid gland in a 5-year-old child is presented. Sialography, salivary gland scintigraphy, and tumor aspiration/contrast injection were performed. Scintigraphy confirmed parotid involvement by the mass and provided important information for the differential diagnosis.
Consensus Statement on the Worldwide Standardization of the Hemoglobin A1C Measurement: the American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and the International Diabetes Federation
Authors: George Treviño
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

I read with keen interest the statement of the Consensus Committee on the pending worldwide standardization of hemoglobin A1C measurement (1) and felt compelled to offer a more “believable” reason why the data supporting the premise that A1C assay reflects average glycemia over the preceding few months “are not exceptionally robust.” The Consensus Committee contends that “glucose concentrations were not measured frequently enough to compute a true ‘average.'”

The more believable reason is this: a variation of parameter analysis was carried out in ref. 2, and it was …
Quantitative analysis of parenchymal and vascular alterations in NO2-induced lung injury in rats
Authors: PJ Barth, B Muller, U Wagner, A Bittinger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxidation product of nitric oxide (NO), is a reactive free radical forming gas, the inhalation of which has been reported to induce severe damage to distal airways. In order to quantify dose and time course of parenchymal and vascular damage, rats were exposed to 5, 10 and 20 ppm NO2 for 3 and 25 days, followed by quantitative histology and morphometry of the lung. Histological investigations of the short-term exposed animals showed structural alterations extending from slight interstitial oedema after exposure to 5 ppm, to epithelial necrosis and interstitial inflammatory infiltration after exposure to 10 ppm, and an additional intra-alveolar oedema after 20 ppm. The pulmonary arteries disclosed no qualitative changes, such as muscularization of intra-acinar vessels. Long-term exposure to 10 ppm and 20 ppm NO2 resulted in emphysema and slight centrilobular interstitial fibrosis. Morphometric analysis revealed the alveolar surface density to be significantly diminished after short-term exposure to 20 ppm NO2 and long-term exposure to 10 and 20 ppm NO2. The medial thickness of pulmonary arteries was significantly increased after short- and long-term exposure to 20 ppm NO2 and long-term exposure to 10 ppm NO2. In the 5 ppm short- and long-term exposure groups the pulmonary arterial medial thickness was significantly decreased compared to controls. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between average medial thickness and alveolar surface density (coefficient of correlation: -0.56). We conclude that the extent of NO2-induced pulmonary parenchymal and vascular alterations are closely related and concentration- and time-dependent.
Opposite Effects of Angiotensin AT <sub>1</sub> and AT <sub>2</sub> Receptor Antagonists on Recovery of Mechanical Function After Ischemia-Reperfusion in Isolated Working Rat Hearts
Authors: William R. Ford, Alexander S. Clanachan, Bodh I. Jugdutt
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists, when given over the long term, reduce the deleterious consequences of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Whether short-term administration of AT1 or angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonists is cardioprotective has not been investigated.The effects of short-term administration of selective AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists on the recovery of mechanical function during reperfusion after 30 minutes of global, no-flow ischemia were studied in left atrium-perfused isolated working rat hearts. Control hearts (n = 8) showed incomplete recovery of left ventricular minute work (LV work) and cardiac efficiency during reperfusion to 51 +/- 15% and 61 +/- 19% of preischemic levels, respectively. Compared with control hearts, the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD123,319 (0.3 mumol/L) given before ischemia (n = 7) improved the recovery of LV work and efficiency to 82 +/- 4% and 98 +/- 7% of preischemic levels, respectively (P < .01). In contrast, the selective AT1 antagonist losartan (1 mumol/L) blocked the recovery of LV work and depressed efficiency to 0 +/- 0% and 1 +/- 0% (n = 7) of preischemic levels, respectively (P < .01; n = 7). Neither antagonist altered coronary vascular conductance.This is the first demonstration that short-term treatment with a selective AT1 versus AT2 antagonist exerts different effects on recovery of mechanical function after ischemia-reperfusion: the AT2 antagonist was cardioprotective, whereas the AT1 antagonist was not. These data suggest that AT2 antagonists and AT1 agonists may offer novel approaches for the treatment of mechanical dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion.
Bulimia nervosa among Asian schoolgirls.
Authors: D. Bhugra, M. King
Journal: BMJ (1988)

provement has occurred in the Hospital Activity Analysis compared with previous reports, it re- mains an inadequate source of data for both clinicians and management.Critical clinical infor- mation is lacking without which assessment of, for example, length of stay becomes meaningless.A national inspectorate using this health service information will fail miserably for both the quality and quantity of this data fall a long way below the standards expected in the late 1980s.
Th2 dominance and defective CD8+ dendritic subset in Id2-deficient mice
Authors: T. Kusunoki, M. Sugai, T. Katakai, Y. Omatsu, T. Iyoda, K. Inaba, T. Nakahata, A. Shimizu, Y. Yokota
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Molecular basis for Rhnull syndrome: Identification of three new missense mutations in the Rh50 glycoprotein gene
Authors: Cheng-Han Huang, Guangjie Cheng, Zhi Liu, Ying Chen, Marion E. Reid, Gregory Halverson, Yasuto Okubo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Rh(null) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an absence of Rh antigens and a varying degree of hemolytic anemia and spherostomatocytosis. We report studies of two Japanese Rh(null) cases and describe three new missense mutations of RHAG, the locus that encodes Rh50 glycoprotein and modulates Rh antigen expression. In Rh(null)(HT), RHAG harbored in exon 6 two G-->A transitions, GTT-->ATT and GGA-->AGA, which cause Val(270)-->Ile and Gly(280)-->Arg substitutions, respectively. These missense mutations were cotransmitted from the propositus to the children and were predicted to reside in endoloop 5 and transmembrane (TM) segment 9, respectively. In Rh(null)(WO), RHAG contained in exon 9 a single G-->T transversion, GGT-->GTT, which caused a Gly(380)-->Val missense change in TM12 segment. The G-->T transversion, which is located at the +1 position of exon 9, had also affected pre-mRNA splicing and caused partial exon skipping. Although both Rh(null) cases had a structurally normal RH antigen locus, hemagglutination and immunoblotting showed no expression of Rh antigens or proteins. These results correlate each mutation with a structural defect in the respective TM domain of Rh50 glycoprotein.
Physician-Assisted Suicide in Oregon
Authors: Ann Alpers
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ON NOVEMBER 8, 1994, Oregon became the first state to legalize physician-assisted suicide for terminally ill patients. Voters approved the Death With Dignity Act, which allows qualified patients to "legally request and obtain medication from a physician to achieve a humane and dignified death."<sup>1</sup>A federal district court has issued an injunction delaying the implementation of the law until the court can decide several constitutional challenges the measure poses.<sup>2</sup>Nevertheless, with passage of this measure, the debate over assisted suicide enters a new phase. The issue is no longer whether assisted suicide should ever be legalized, but rather how this initiative will be implemented and whether other states will follow Oregon's example. The response of Oregon physicians to a host of unanswered questions raised by the Death With Dignity Act may affect how citizens of other states view assisted suicide. Physicians can expect patients with conditions such as
Antitumor Activity and Pharmacology of a Selective Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitor, PF-562,271
Authors: Walter Gregory Roberts, Ethan Ung, Pamela Whalen, Beth Cooper, Catherine Hulford, Christofer Autry, Daniel Richter, Earling Emerson, Jing Lin, John Kath, Kevin Coleman, Lili Yao, Luis Martinez-Alsina, Marianne Lorenzen, Martin Berliner, Michael Luzzio, Nandini Patel, Erika Schmitt, Susan LaGreca, Jitesh Jani, Matt Wessel, Eric Marr, Matt Griffor, Felix Vajdos
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Cancer cells are characterized by the ability to grow in an anchorage-independent manner. The activity of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is thought to contribute to this phenotype. FAK localizes in focal adhesion plaques and has a role as a scaffolding and signaling protein for other adhesion molecules. Recent studies show a strong correlation between increased FAK expression and phosphorylation status and the invasive phenotype of aggressive human tumors. PF-562,271 is a potent, ATP-competitive, reversible inhibitor of FAK and Pyk2 catalytic activity with a IC(50) of 1.5 and 14 nmol/L, respectively. Additionally, PF-562,271 displayed robust inhibition in an inducible cell-based assay measuring phospho-FAK with an IC(50) of 5 nmol/L. PF-562,271 was evaluated against multiple kinases and displays >100x selectivity against a long list of nontarget kinases. PF-562,271 inhibits FAK phosphorylation in vivo in a dose-dependent fashion (calculated EC(50) of 93 ng/mL, total) after p.o. administration to tumor-bearing mice. In vivo inhibition of FAK phosphorylation (>50%) was sustained for >4 hours with a single p.o. dose of 33 mg/kg. Antitumor efficacy and regressions were observed in multiple human s.c. xenograft models. No weight loss, morbidity, or mortality were observed in any in vivo experiment. Tumor growth inhibition was dose and drug exposure dependent. Taken together, these data show that kinase inhibition with an ATP-competitive small molecule inhibitor of FAK decreases the phospho-status in vivo, resulting in robust antitumor activity.
COMPARISON OF FRIEDEWALD AND BIOLOGIC LDL-C IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA SCREENING: THE VERY LARGE DATABASE OF LIPIDS STUDY-17 (VLDL-17)
Authors: P. Elliott Miller, Seth Martin, Peter Toth, Michael Blaha, Khurram Nasir, Salim Virani, Roger Blumenthal, Wendy Post, Steven Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)