tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1075: STAT3 signaling in thyroid cancer
Authors: Joana Silva, Paula Soares, Jeffrey Knauf, James Fagin, Manuel Sobrinho-Simoes, Ronald Ghossein, Jacqueline F. Bromberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Here, we examined the contribution of STAT3 activation in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which constitutes 80% of all thyroid malignancies. We initially examined STAT3 activation (i.e. Y705 phosphorylation) by IHC in 80 primary PTCs. Approximately 50% of the tumors expressed nuclear pSTAT3. In general, positive cancer cells were found on the edge of the tumor and in association with the stroma (also strongly pSTAT3 positive). The inner part of the tumor was generally negative, as well as all solid PTCs. Additionally, we examined human thyroid cancer derived cell lines and determined that STAT3 was phosphorylated in ∼50% and was regulated by the IL-6/gp130/JAK pathway, similarly to what has been described in breast and lung cancers. To assess STAT3's role in thyroid cancer, we evaluated the effects of STAT3 under-expression in two models: thyroid cancer derived cell lines where STAT3 levels were reduced using a short hairpin and a transgenic model of PTC lacking STAT3. We observed no significant effects on in vitro growth, migration and invasion as a consequence of reduced STAT3 levels in cancer cell lines. However, in vivo (xenografts in nude mice) the tumors with low STAT3 were significantly larger compared to control (STAT3 expressing) tumors. Similarly, in a transgenic model of PTC lacking STAT3, tumors were larger, more cellular with evidence of increased proliferation compared to the STAT3 expressing cancers. RNA expression analysis of the human xenografts suggested that tumors deficient in STAT3 have downregulated death-promoting genes. In conclusion, our data suggests that in thyroid cancer STAT3 can function as a tumor suppressor, contrary to the current dogma where STAT3 is considered to be oncogenic. We are currently determining whether STAT3's effect on tumorigenesis is dependent on “activated” or total STAT3 and hope to identify the specific molecular pathways involved. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1075. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1075
Brachial Palsy after Manipulation of Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Henry Milch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE clinical entity of "frozen shoulder" is well known, but there is no unanimity of opinion about its etiology, pathogenesis, pathology or even treatment. Although most students have classed it with the more generic group of periarthridites described by DuPlay, DePalma1 has expressed the opinion that it is essentially a bicipital tendonitis, and Neviaser,2 specifically denying the periarthritic classification, has designated it an "adhesive capsulitis." Corresponding to these varied concepts of the condition, therapy has been most diverse. Among the more radical measures surgical release of the capsule and detachment of the biceps tendon at the supraglenoid tubercle and its . . .
Richter's Transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Angela A. Giardino, Kevin O'Regan, Jyothipriya P. Jagannathan, Chrisopher Elco, Nikhil Ramaiya, Ann Lacasce
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Case ReportA 56-year-old woman with no significant prior medical history had a routine CBC that showed an elevated WBC count of 25.8, hematocrit level of 37.6, and platelet count of 210,000.A differential revealed 52% lymphocytes and 26% neutrophils.A cervical lymph node biopsy showed effacement of the normal nodal architecture by a uniform population of small lymphoid cells and scattered larger cells.Flow cytometry revealed a monotypic kappa population of cells that expressed CD20, CD5, and CD23.Confirmatory peripheral blood flow cytometry showed kappa predominance, CD20, CD5, CD23, and CD38 -.The diagnosis was consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).There were no constitutional symptoms.A computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis was remarkable for cervical, axillary, intra-abdominal, pelvic, and inguinal lymphadenopathy.The spleen was mildly enlarged.Figure 1 shows a coronal CT image that demonstrates bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy.A ͓ 18 F͔fluorodeoxyglucose (͓ 18 F͔FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan performed at this time revealed mild uptake in multiple lymph node stations.In Figure 2, maximum intensity projection (Fig 2A), axial CT (Fig 2B), and axial fused PET/CT (Fig 2C) images show mildly FDG-avid cervical (maximum standardized uptake value ͓SUVmax͔, 4.4) and axillary adenopathy (SUVmax of 4 on the right and 5 on the left), and bilateral FDG-avid lower chest wall nodules.The patient was asymptomatic and was therefore observed expectantly.Seven months later, she developed swelling that involved the right anterior chest wall.A repeat CT scan showed extensive lymphadenopathy in the supraclavicular, subpectoral, axillary, upper abdominal, pelvic, and inguinal nodal stations, all of which had increased in size in comparison with the prior study.Figure 3 is a coronal CT image that shows the increased axillary lymphadenopathy.A representative left axillary lymph node increased in size from 4 cm ϫ 3 cm to 6 cm ϫ 4 cm and had new areas of low attenuation that were Downloaded from ascopubs.orgby 172.96.
Distribution of Androgyny in Mental Patients
Authors: J. H. Rey, A. J. Coppen
Journal: BMJ (1959)

HOMOSEXUALSBRiT 1445 homosexuals were significantly lower than those of a control group.A group of heterosexual neurotics, however, showed a similar deviation from the control group.The androgyny score, however, did not differentiate the homosexuals from the controls any better than did the biacromial diameter, which is less in these patients.It was concluded that homosexuals have a body-build similar to that found in patients with other psychiatric disorders and that it could not be specifically related to their sexual abnormality.I thank Dr. P. D. Scott for permission to examine his
DIABETES IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICLE DYSFUNCTION INDEPENDENTLY FROM HEART FAILURE STATUS
Authors: Paola Gargiulo, Giuseppe Rengo, Gennaro Pagano, Teresa Pellegrino, Daniela Liccardo, Grazia D. Femminella, Claudio de Lucia, Emilio Attena, Dario Leosco, Alberto Cuocolo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Progeria
Authors: Leonard Atkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

SINCE the original description of cases of progeria by Hutchinson1 in 1886 and Gilford2 in 1897 only 22 such cases have been reported. Children with this syndrome show a striking resemblance to each other. They appear normal at birth, dwarfism being noted within the first few years of life. Associated with dwarfism is a typical facies with a beaklike nose, a relatively small face with receding chin, exophthalmos, loss of hair, prominent scalp veins, markedly diminished subcutaneous fat, muscular atrophy, arthritic joint deformities, shortened clavicles, coxa valga, a "horse-riding" stance, arteriosclerosis and normal or above normal intelligence for the patient's . . .
Bleeding Esophageal Varices with Polycystic Liver
Authors: Gilbert S. Campbell, Heinz D. Bick, Elsa Proehl Paulsen, Paul H. Lober, C. J. Watson, Richard L. Varco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE purpose of this report is to present the case histories of 3 siblings with polycystic disease of the liver and kidneys whose presenting complaint was upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We have been unable to find reports of similar histories in the literature.Symptoms pointing to the liver are conspicuously absent in patients with polycystic liver, except for a sense of weight or pain in the abdomen. The nodular hepatomegaly of cystic disease does not produce the usual clinical features of cirrhosis, — that is, splenomegaly, ascites and esophageal varices, — and, typically, hepatic-function tests in patients with polycystic liver are . . .
Complexity science may help in defining health
Authors: V. S Rambihar, V. Rambihar
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Our objective was to design and implement a clinical history database capable of linking to our database of quantitative results from <sup>99m</sup>Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) renal scans and export a data summary for physicians or our software decision support system. <b>Methods:</b> For database development, we used a commercial program. Additional software was developed in Interactive Data Language. MAG3 studies were processed using an in-house enhancement of a commercial program. The relational database has 3 parts: a list of all renal scans (the RENAL database), a set of patients with quantitative processing results (the Q2 database), and a subset of patients from Q2 containing clinical data manually transcribed from the hospital information system (the CLINICAL database). To test interobserver variability, a second physician transcriber reviewed 50 randomly selected patients in the hospital information system and tabulated 2 clinical data items: hydronephrosis and presence of a current stent. The CLINICAL database was developed in stages and contains 342 fields comprising demographic information, clinical history, and findings from up to 11 radiologic procedures. A scripted algorithm is used to reliably match records present in both Q2 and CLINICAL. An Interactive Data Language program then combines data from the 2 databases into an XML (extensible markup language) file for use by the decision support system. A text file is constructed and saved for review by physicians. <b>Results:</b> RENAL contains 2,222 records, Q2 contains 456 records, and CLINICAL contains 152 records. The interobserver variability testing found a 95% match between the 2 observers for presence or absence of ureteral stent (κ = 0.52), a 75% match for hydronephrosis based on narrative summaries of hospitalizations and clinical visits (κ = 0.41), and a 92% match for hydronephrosis based on the imaging report (κ = 0.84). <b>Conclusion:</b> We have developed a relational database system to integrate the quantitative results of MAG3 image processing with clinical records obtained from the hospital information system. We also have developed a methodology for formatting clinical history for review by physicians and export to a decision support system. We identified several pitfalls, including the fact that important textual information extracted from the hospital information system by knowledgeable transcribers can show substantial interobserver variation, particularly when record retrieval is based on the narrative clinical records.
Managing nocturia
Authors: Roger Walker
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-The Data Protection Act 1998 does not prohibit the processing of personal information for medical research purposes.Indeed, it is clear from section 33 of the act that such processing is expressly permitted.If it were otherwise, then the act would be in direct conflict with the core aims of the laws that underpin it-namely, the Council of Europe Convention of 1981 and the European Union Directive of 1995.These laws seek to facilitate data processing activities, primarily "free flows" of information, rather than suppress data processing.The problems to which Peto et al refer in their editorial on data protection, informed consent, and research are not Data Protection Act problems but, rather, problems caused by ignorance and misunderstanding. 1 With basic training on the key mechanisms of the act the problems of which the authors complain can be easily overcome.Training need not be an expensive task either.Legal compliance can be achieved at comparatively modest cost.There are two additional points of note.Firstly, the Data Protection Act regulates the processing of personal information relating to living individuals.Thus, research following death is not regulated.Secondly, the act and case law make clear that information will not be "personal data" if it does not identify a living person or if it does not have the individual as its focus or is not significantly biographical.So, if medical researchers do not actually need or seek identification information the act should not be engaged.
Mutations in the Human Na-K-2Cl Cotransporter (NKCC2) Identified in Bartter Syndrome Type I Consistently Result in Nonfunctional Transporters
Authors: Patrick G.J.F. Starremans, Ferry F.J. Kersten, Nine V.A.M. Knoers, Lambertus P.W.J. van den Heuvel, René J.M. Bindels
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a heterogeneous renal tubular disorder affecting Na-K-Cl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. BS type I patients typically present with profound hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. The main goal of the present study was to elucidate the functional implications of six homozygous mutations (G193R, A267S, G319R, A508T, del526N, and Y998X) in the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (hNKCC2) identified in patients diagnosed with BS type I. To this end, capped RNA (cRNA) of FLAG-tagged hNKCC2 and the corresponding mutants was injected in Xenopus laevis oocytes and transporter activity was measured after 72 h by means of a bumetanide-sensitive (22)Na(+) uptake assay at 30 degrees C. Injection of 25 ng of hNKCC2 cRNA resulted in bumetanide-sensitive (22)Na(+) uptake of 2.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/oocyte per 30 min. Injection of 25 ng of mutant cRNA yielded no significant bumetanide-sensitive (22)Na(+) uptake. Expression of wild-type and mutant transporters was confirmed by immunoblotting, showing significantly less mutant protein compared with wild-type at the same cRNA injection levels. However, when the wild-type cRNA injection level was reduced to obtain a protein expression level equal to that of the mutants, the wild-type still exhibited a significant bumetanide-sensitive (22)Na(+) uptake. Immunocytochemical analysis showed immunopositive staining of hNKCC2 at the plasma membrane for wild-type and all studied mutants. In conclusion, mutations in hNKCC2 identified in type I BS patients, when expressed in Xenopus oocytes, result in a low expression of normally routed but functionally impaired transporters. These results are in line with the hypothesis that the mutations in hNKCC2 are the underlying cause of the clinical abnormalities seen in patients with type I BS.
Ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation: historical perspectives with emphasis on the contributions of John MacWilliam, Carl Wiggers, and William Kouwenhoven.
Authors: W B Fye
Journal: Circulation (1985)

ALTHOUGH palpation of the pulse has played an important role in the evaluation of patients since antiq- uity, insight into the relationship of cardiac arrhyth- mias to syncope did not develop until the 19th cen- tury.'Among the critical developments that led to an appreciation of the significance of cardiac arrhythmias were the introduction of instruments that permitted graphic registration of the heart beat and accurate quantification of intravascular pressures.These instru- ments were used in animal experiments that led to a gradual recognition of the clinical manifestations of cardiac arrhythmias and their role in sudden death.Two major stimuli were responsible for a renewed interest in resuscitation during the final quarter of the 19th century.They were the growing concern about unexpected sudden death during chloroform anesthesia and the electrification of urban society with its resul- tant danger of accidental electrocution.A relatively sophisticated understanding of the na- ture of electricity had developed during the late 18th and early 19th centuries through the efforts of Luigi Galvani, Alessandro Volta, Michael Faraday, Joseph Henry, and others.2Enthusiasm for using electricity as a therapeutic modality grew steadily during the 19th century, and by midcentury several European medical scientists were exploring the effects of electricity on experimental animals and man.3In 1850, Carl Ludwig, the pioneering German physiologist and inventor of the kymograph, demonstrated with his pupil Hoffa that it was possible to induce ventricular fibrillation in
Euthanasia and other end of life decisions and care provided in final three months of life: nationwide retrospective study in Belgium
Authors: L. Van den Block, R. Deschepper, J. Bilsen, N. Bossuyt, V. Van Casteren, L. Deliens
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To explore the relation between the care provided in the final three months of life and the prevalence and types of end of life decisions in Belgium. Design Two year nationwide retrospective study, 2005-6 (SENTI-MELC study).Data collection via the sentinel network of general practitioners, an epidemiological surveillance system representative of all general practitioners in Belgium.1690 non-sudden deaths in practices of the sentinel general practitioners.Non-sudden deaths of patients (aged >1 year) reported each week. Reported care provided in the final three months of life and the end of life decisions made. Multivariable regression analysis controlled for age, sex, cause, and place of death.Use of specialist multidisciplinary palliative care services was associated with intensified alleviation of symptoms (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 2.6), continuous deep sedation forgoing food/fluid (2.9, 1.7 to 4.9), and the total of decisions explicitly intended to shorten life (1.5, 1.1 to 2.1) but not with euthanasia or physician assisted suicide in particular. To a large extent receiving spiritual care was associated with higher frequencies of euthanasia or physician assisted suicide than receiving little spiritual care (18.5, 2.0 to 172.7).End of life decisions that shorten life, including euthanasia or physician assisted suicide, are not related to a lower use of palliative care in Belgium and often occur within the context of multidisciplinary care.
Investigation of the DNA adducts formed in B6C3F1 mice treated with benzene: implications for molecular dosimetry.
Authors: W J Bodell, D N Pathak, G Lévay, Q Ye, K Pongracz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

We have investigated the formation of DNA adducts in the bone marrow and white blood cells of male B6C3F1 mice treated with benzene using P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling. No adducts were detected in the bone marrow of controls or mice treated with various doses of benzene once a day. After twice-daily treatment for 1 to 7 days with benzene, 440 mg/kg, one major (no. 1) and up to two minor DNA adducts were detected in both the bone marrow and white blood cells. The relative adduct levels in these cells ranged from 0.06 to 1.46 x 10(-7). a significant correlation (r2 = 0.95) between levels of adducts in bone marrow and white blood cells was observed. After a 7-day treatment with benzene, 440 mg/kg twice a day, the number of cells per femur decreased from 1.6 x 10(7) to 0.85 x 10(7), indicating myelotoxicity. In contrast, administration of benzene once a day produced only a small decrease in bone marrow cellularity. The observed induction of toxicity in bone marrow was paralleled by formation of DNA adducts. In vitro treatment of bone marrow with hydroquinone (HQ) for 24 hr produced the same DNA adducts as found after treatment of mice with benzene, suggesting that HQ is the principal metabolite of benzene leading to DNA adduct formation in vivo. Using P-postlabeling the principal DNA adduct formed in vivo was compared with N2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate. The results of this comparison demonstrated that the DNA adduct formed in vivo co-chromatographs with N2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate. These studies indicate that metabolic activation of benzene leads to the formation of DNA adducts in bone marrow and white blood cells and suggest that measurement of DNA adducts in white blood cells may be an indicator of biological effect following benzene exposure.
ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL: HAeMATEMESIS FROM ULCER OF THE STOMACH: ILLUSTRATED BY THREE CASES
Authors: W. Brinton
Journal: BMJ (1856)

irritating and painful that it was found necessy to aban- don it.So, in the third case, the patient had become much irritated and exhausted by the employment of pressure before the failure of that plan rendered it neces- ary to tie the artery.I am aware that the compression treatment is not always so tedious, and that, in the hands of the Dublin surgeons, it has succeeded in a few hours; but such cases as these must, I should suppose, be rare.In all these five patients, except the second, there is every reason for supposing that the instruments were kept on steadily, and with sufficient, yet not excessive, force.In the first, whom I had under my own observation as house-
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Cancer
Authors: Lawrence D. Ellis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE OCCURRENCE of overt hemolytic anemia in malignant diseases other than those involving the reticuloendothelial system is uncommon. Approximately 15 cases of overt hemolytic anemia associated with cancer have been reported in the medical literature.<sup>1-3</sup>The majority of these cases have been associated with metastatic carcinomas of the stomach and breast. Even more uncommon are Coombs' positive hemolytic anemias in malignancies other than leukemias and lymphomas.<sup>4</sup>Only one case of overt hemolytic anemia<sup>5</sup>and no case of Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia have been described with carcinoma of the lung. There seem to be no previously reported cases of overt hemolytic anemia associated with carcinoma of the cervix uteri. The two patients presented in this report had overt hemolytic anemia, which was Coombs' positive, in association with an undifferentiated carcinoma of the bronchus and with a squamous cell carcinoma of the cervical stump. They represent the first reported
A RARE CASE OF INSANITY.
Authors: F. F. YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1902)

renal activity.The increase of solids excreted on return to duty commends the idea of systematic instruction in the use of water, for no other treatment was employed.The sum of the symptoms of the above classified dis- orders due to météorologie or tropical peculiarities is equal to or identical with the sum of the symptoms of the gout and uremia of the text-books, and these symptoms are but those of auto-intoxication due to renal insuffiency, with or without structural change in the kidney.Faulty assimilation playing its part.Garrod, Luff, Latham and others with one theory, andHaig, Bouchard, Jelks, Bulkley and others with another theory, have written at length and in detail of the multi- form annoyances of renal insufficiency, its relation to diseases of the skin, gastro-intestinal disorders, nervous phenomena, cardio-vascular symptoms with and without structural change, and, although they do not come out distinctly and declare the highly important value of systematic use of water, one can plainly see that it is deemed by them the "sheet-anchor" in prophylaxis and'