tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relative risks and confidence intervals
Authors: P. Sedgwick, L. Marston
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Researchers investigated if a standardised programme of combined manual therapy and exercise improved shoulder pain and function in people with chronic rotator cuff disease.1 A randomised, placebo controlled trial of 22 weeks duration was used. The placebo comprised inactive ultrasound therapy and application of an inert gel. A total of 120 participants were recruited. One of the primary outcomes was participants’ global rating of overall change. At 11 weeks, the relative risk of a self reported successful outcome (defined as “much better”) for the standardised programme compared with placebo was 1.43 (95% confidence interval 0.87 to 2.34). Which of the following, if any, are true for the self reported change at 11 weeks?
Predictors of GBV-C infection among patients referred for renal transplantation
Authors: B.V.R. Murthy, A. Scott Muerhoff, Suresh M. Desai, Svetlozar N. Natov, Beth A. Bouthot, Robin Ruthazer, Christopher H. Schmid, Andrew S. Levey, Isa K. Mushahwar, Brian J.G. Pereira
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
1319 SIMTUZUMAB, AN ANTIFIBROTIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST LYSYL OXIDASE-LIKE 2 (LOXL2) ENZYME, APPEARS SAFE AND WELL TOLERATED IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE OF DIVERSE ETIOLOGY
Authors: A.H. Talal, M. Feron-Rigodon, J. Madere, G.M. Subramanian, J.D. Bornstein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Raw eggs in recipes in magazines should go
Authors: L Lighton, L Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Supporting local ethics committees is a responsibility of purchasers.2Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham Health Commission is reviewing the organisation of the local committees and will be meeting their chairpersons to discuss how the problems discussed can best be tackled.Given the problems mentioned above and the fact that many hospital ethics committees are already overloaded, the answer may lie in setting up a local ethics committee dedicated to primary care and community research.
Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: ANDREW SAXON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Allergic reactions to the beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams) are a major factor limiting their use. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins depend on the presence of preformed allergic (IgE) antibodies to several penicillin determinants. These materials can be used in in-vivo skin testing to exclude those patients at risk for immediate or accelerated allergic reactions. The cephalosporins have not had their relevant determinants defined as related to allergic reactions. The results of in-vivo challenges of patients with IgE to penicillin suggest the incidence of reactivity of cephalosporins in patients allergic to penicillin is less than generally appreciated. The monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, aztreonman (a monobactam), failed to show cross-reactivity with penicillin antibodies, because immune reactivity toward the monobactam was directed against side chain rather than nuclear determinants. On the other hand, the new bicyclic carbapenem beta-lactam drugs, represented by imipenem, showed extensive in-vivo cross-reactivity with penicillins.
What's in Placebos: Who Knows? Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Beatrice A. Golomb, Laura C. Erickson, Sabrina Koperski, Deanna Sack, Murray Enkin, Jeremy Howick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: No regulations govern placebo composition. The composition of placebos can influence trial outcomes and merits reporting. Purpose: To assess how often investigators specify the composition of placebos in randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Data Sources: 4 English-language general and internal medicine journals with high impact factors. Study Selection: 3 reviewers screened titles and abstracts of the journals to identify randomized, placebo-controlled trials published from January 2008 to December 2009. Data Extraction: Reviewers independently abstracted data from the introduction and methods sections of identified articles, recording treatment type (pill, injection, or other) and whether placebo composition was stated. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Data Synthesis: Most studies did not disclose the composition of the study placebo. Disclosure was less common for pills than for injections and other treatments (8.2% vs. 26.7%; P = 0.002). Limitation: Journals with high impact factors may not be representative. Conclusion: Placebos were seldom described in randomized, controlled trials of pills or capsules. Because the nature of the placebo can influence trial outcomes, placebo formulation should be disclosed in reports of placebo-controlled trials. Primary Funding Source: University of California Foundation Fund 3929—Medical Reasoning.
Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death.
Authors: W B Kannel, J T Doyle, P M McNamara, P Quickenton, T Gordon
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Precursors of sudden death were sought in men--1838 civil servants in Albany, New York, and 2282 residents of Framingham, Massachusetts--under continuous surveillance for 16 years. In men 45-74 years old there were 234 deaths attributed to coronary heart disease (CHD) of which 109 occurred within one hour of onset of symptoms. More than half of all deaths due to CHD occurred outside the hospital and about 80 per cent of these were sudden. Most were unheralded by prior symptoms of CHD. Persons at high risk of death from CHD, including sudden death, can be identified long before the terminal unexpected catastrophe. The same precursive stigmata exist in persons subject ot coronary attacks whether or not immediately fatal. The risk of sudden death in these two populations was positively correlated with high blood pressure, the electrocardiographic pattern of left ventricular enlargement, obesity, and heavy cigarette usage. Sudden death is a common and possibly incidental expression of lethal coronary heart disease. The potential candidate for sudden death cannot be confidently distinguished from the individual who succumbs more slowly of myocardial infarction. The inescapable conclusion is that the prevention of sudden death requires the prevention of coronary attacks.
A man with a blistering eruption and tuberculosis
Authors: C.-H. Lee, M. M. A. Yuen, W.-S. Chow, A. W. K. Tso, C.-K. Yeung, J. C. Y. Chan, C.-H. Chau, K. S. L. Lam
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 59 year old Chinese man was admitted for a blistering eruption. He had stopped using injected drugs and drinking alcohol three years ago after having previously drunk two cans of beer, equivalent to 2-3 units of alcohol, a week. Two years ago, he had been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and had recently been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, for which he was started on isoniazid 600 mg, rifampicin 600 mg, ethambutol 1.5 g, and pyrazinamide 2 g three times a week. Three days after starting this treatment, he developed a progressive blistering eruption over his neck and both upper limbs, which affected his lateral arms and forearms but spared the oral mucosa and other parts of his body. Nikolsky’s sign was negative. He stopped all the drugs two weeks later because of a suspected drug eruption. He had a normal blood cell count with a haemoglobin of 120 g/L (reference range 124-168). Liver enzymes were raised, with alanine aminotransferase at 65 U/L (7-36), aspartate aminotransferase at 96 U/L (14-30), alkaline phosphatase at 158 U/L (32-93), and γ-glutamyl transferase at 648 U/L (11-62), as was total bilirubin at 63 µmol/L (14-23). Liver ultrasound was normal and his serum α fetoprotein was 2 ng/ml (<4). No antibodies against intercellular substances and dermoepidermal junction antigens were found in his blood. A skin biopsy of a blister on his forearm showed subepidermal bullae, but immunofluorescence for hemidesmosomal protein at the dermoepidermal junction was negative.
Germany's health insurance associations can set drug prices, EU court says
Authors: Jane Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The European Court of Justice has ruled that Germany's state health insurance associations are entitled to set the maximum price that they will pay for drugs.

Europe's highest court, which is based in Luxembourg, said that Germany's system, in which state health insurance associations can determine a price ceiling for drugs does not break EU laws on competition. This is because such associations cannot be considered to be companies operating in the free market but rather …
Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Activated Factor VII
Authors: Ravi Gill, Mike Herbertson, Alain Vuylsteke, Peter Skov Olsen, Christian von Heymann, Monty Mythen, Frank Sellke, Frank Booth, Thomas Andersen Schmidt
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Blood loss is a common complication of cardiac surgery. Evidence suggests that recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) can decrease intractable bleeding in patients after cardiac surgery. Our objective was to investigate the safety and possible benefits of rFVIIa in patients who bleed after cardiac surgery. Methods and Results— In this phase II dose-escalation study, patients who had undergone cardiac surgery and were bleeding were randomized to receive placebo (n=68), 40 μg/kg rFVIIa (n=35), or 80 μg/kg rFVIIa (n=69). The primary end points were the number of patients suffering critical serious adverse events. Secondary end points included rates of reoperation, amount of blood loss, and transfusion of allogeneic blood. There were more critical serious adverse events in the rFVIIa groups. These differences did not reach statistical significance (placebo, 7%; 40 μg/kg, 14%; P =0.25; 80 μg/kg, 12%; P =0.43). After randomization, significantly fewer patients in the rFVIIa group underwent a reoperation as a result of bleeding ( P =0.03) or required allogeneic transfusions ( P =0.01). Conclusions— On the basis of this preliminary evidence, rFVIIa may be beneficial for treating bleeding after cardiac surgery, but caution should be applied and further clinical trials are required because there is an increase in the number of critical serious adverse events, including stroke, in those patients randomized to receive rFVIIa.
Physicochemical characterization and differentiation of the components of the cutaneous basement membrane zone
Authors: J Allen, K Schomberg, F Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Many of the techniques used in the diagnosis and characterization of the acquired blistering diseases of the skin and of their target antigens require the use of tissue that has been modified by heat, chemicals, or by proteolytic digestion. The effect these treatments may have on the blistering disease antigens is poorly understood and has seldom been taken into account in the interpretation of the results. Likewise, their effect on the immunodetection and expression of the ubiquitous proteins of the basement membrane zone and extracellular matrix has rarely been investigated. We have addressed this problem by probing tissue split after heat, chemical treatment and proteolytic digestion with an extensive panel of antibodies to the hemidesmosome‐plasma membrane‐anchoring filament complex, the extracellular matrix and the anchoring fibrils. The results showed that chemical modification by sodium chloride, calcium chloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and incubation in 0.15 mol/L NaCl at 56°C for 1 min did not adversely affect the expression of the α6β4 integrin, laminin‐5, the LH39 antigen, laminin‐1, collagen type IV or collagen type VII. The methods that involved proteolytic digestion had thegreatest detrimental effect on these basement membrane components, with pepsin having a damaging effect on the greatest number of antigens, and the LH39 antigen being the most sensitive to proteolytic degradation. This project has highlighted the susceptibility of the basement membrane zone and extracellular matrix proteins to proteolytic hydrolysis. It has demonstrated a way of differentiating between specific proteins, and has shown its potential for the differential diagnosis of the autoimmumme blistering disease antigens.
Spinal cord stimulation in Buerger's disease
Authors: A V Pace
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Deep learning has demonstrated its predictive power in modeling complex biological phenomena such as gene expression. The value of these models hinges not only on their accuracy, but also on the ability to extract biologically relevant information from the trained models. While there has been much recent work on developing feature attribution methods that discover the most important features for a given sequence, inferring cooperativity between regulatory elements, which is the hallmark of phenomena such as gene expression, remains an open problem. We present SATORI, a Self-ATtentiOn based model to detect Regulatory element Interactions. Our approach combines convolutional layers with a self-attention mechanism that helps us capture a global view of the landscape of interactions between regulatory elements in a sequence. A comprehensive evaluation demonstrates the ability of SATORI to identify numerous statistically significant TF-TF interactions, many of which have been previously reported. Our method is able to detect higher numbers of experimentally verified TF-TF interactions than existing methods, and has the advantage of not requiring a computationally expensive post-processing step. Finally, SATORI can be used for detection of any type of feature interaction in models that use a similar attention mechanism, and is not limited to the detection of TF-TF interactions.
Induction of mRNA for low-density lipoprotein receptors in heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits treated with CS-514 (Pravastatin) and cholestyramine.
Authors: N Kume, T Kita, A Mikami, M Yokode, K Ishii, Y Nagano, C Kawai
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We administered CS-514, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, alone and in combination with cholestyramine to heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. This rabbit model for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia has hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors that are assumed to be half as many as in normal rabbits. CS-514 alone lowered plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 50%, and in combination with cholestyramine, it lowered levels by 80%. The membrane-binding assay showed these drugs caused 1.5- and 1.8-fold increases in the number of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors, respectively. We also measured the amount of mRNA for low-density lipoprotein receptor by S1 nuclease protection assay in the same livers as above. These drugs induced mutant mRNA for the low-density lipoprotein receptor, which has an in-flame deletion of 12 nucleotides, as well as normal receptor mRNA. CS-514 alone produced a 1.8-fold increase in the amount of mRNA for the normal receptor and a 2.3-fold increase for the mutant mRNA, whereas CS-514 in combination with cholestyramine produced 1.9- and 3.1-fold increases, respectively. We conclude that CS-514 induces mRNA for the low-density lipoprotein receptor, subsequently increasing the receptor protein in the liver, and then reduces the levels of plasma cholesterol, and that the induction is augmented when the drug is administered in combination with cholestyramine.
Differentiation of Ia-reactive CD8+ murine T cells does not require Ia engagement. Implications for the role of CD4 and CD8 accessory molecules in T cell differentiation.
Authors: T Mizuochi, L Tentori, S O Sharrow, A M Kruisbeek, A Singer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The present study was undertaken to assess the Ia differentiation requirements of CD8+ class II-allospecific CTL, whose CD8+ phenotype is apparently "discordant" with their MHC class II reactivity. To do so, we compared the effect of in vivo anti-Ia blockade on the differentiation of Ia-reactive CD8+ CTL with its effect on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. We found that anti-Ia blockade did not detectably interfere with the differentiation of CD8+ Ia-reactive CTL, even though it arrested the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Thus, the differentiation of CD4+ T cells is strictly dependent upon Ia engagement, whereas the differentiation of CD8+ T cells, even those with reactivity against MHC class II alloantigens, does not require Ia engagement. These results support the concept that Ia-reactive CD8+ T cells are conventional CD8+ CTL, probably selected by self-class I MHC molecules during differentiation, whose receptors fortuitously crossreact on MHC class II alloantigens. Taken together, the present data indicate an intimate relationship between CD4/CD8 expression with MHC class specificity during T cell differentiation and selection. We suggest that an active triggering role for CD4 and CD8 accessory molecules in T cell differentiation is best able to explain these observations.
Lipid microparticles as sustained release system for a GnRH antagonist (Antide)
Authors: M.D. Del Curto, D. Chicco, M. D’Antonio, V. Ciolli, H. Dannan, S. D’Urso, B. Neuteboom, S. Pompili, S. Schiesaro, P. Esposito
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2003)
Kaposi's sarcoma and KSHV
Authors: J.C. Noel, D. Shingadia, M.R. Howard, N.S. Brink, D. Gibb, N. Klein, R. Tedder, V. Novelli, HarryL. Ioachim, Silvia Franceschi, Diego Serraino
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Death Following Angiocardiography
Authors: E. Grey Dimond, Fethi Gonlubol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

AMONG 6824 cases collected by Dotter and Jackson§ from 182 hospitals, in which angiocardiography had been used as a diagnostic procedure, deaths occurred in 26 cases, or 0.38 per cent. In 25 Diodrast, Diodone or Pyelosil was used. We have been unable to find a report of death after injection of Neo-Iopax for angiocardiography. One death during an arteriogram, not an angiocardiogram, with Neo-Iopax as the contrast substance, has been reported.§In the following cases death was due to angiocardiography, Diodrast being given in 1 and Neo-Iopax in the other (Table 1).Case 1. J. O., a 43-year-old woman, was . . .
Mir-144 selectively regulates embryonic α-hemoglobin synthesis during primitive erythropoiesis
Authors: Yan-Fang Fu, Ting-Ting Du, Mei Dong, Kang-Yong Zhu, Chang-Bin Jing, Yong Zhang, Lei Wang, Hong-Bo Fan, Yi Chen, Yi Jin, Gui-Ping Yue, Sai-Juan Chen, Zhu Chen, Qiu-Hua Huang, Qing Jing, Min Deng, Ting Xi Liu
Journal: Blood (2008)
Why we should routinely screen Asian American adults for hepatitis B: A cross-sectional study of Asians in California
Authors: Steven Y. Lin, Ellen T. Chang, Samuel K. So
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious liver disease that, if left undiagnosed or without appropriate medical management, is associated with a 25% chance of death from cirrhosis or liver cancer. To study the demographics and prevalence of chronic HBV infection and HBV vaccination in the Asian American population, we provided free HBV serological screening and administered a survey to 3163 Asian American adult volunteers in the San Francisco Bay Area between 2001 and 2006. Of those screened, 8.9% were chronically infected with HBV. Notably, one-half to two-thirds (65.4%) of the chronically infected adults were unaware that they were infected. Of those who were not chronically infected, 44.8% lacked protective antibodies against HBV and were likely susceptible to future infection. Men were twice as likely as women to be chronically infected (12.1% versus 6.4%). Asian Americans born in East Asia, Southeast Asia, or the Pacific Islands were 19.4 times more likely to be chronically infected than those born in the United States. Self-reporting of prior vaccination was unreliable to assess protection against HBV. Among the 12% who reported having been vaccinated, 5.2% were chronically infected, and 20.3% lacked protective antibodies. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of unrecognized chronic HBV infection in the Asian American population, we call for healthcare providers to routinely screen Asian adults for HBV, regardless of their vaccination status. Those who test positive should be provided with culturally appropriate information to prevent disease transmission and proper medical management to reduce their risk of liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
The Bedbug May Have Other Hosts Than Man.
Authors: Charles T. McClintock
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Detroit, Nov. 30, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The question has been asked a number of times of late: "Can the bedbug live on other animals besides man?" I answer this positively: "Yes." In this laboratory (the biologic laboratory of Parke, Davis &amp; Co.) we purposely raise tens of thousands of bedbugs, using the guinea-pig as host, for the purpose of testing the efficacy of insecticides, as we find them much more resistant to such than any of our common insects. It should be noted that there are a number of allied species living on birds, bats and beetles, that are often supposed to be true bedbugs, but are not. I sent a number of the bedbugs raised on our guinea-pigs, to the Bureau of Entomology at Washington, where they confirmed our opinion that these were the genuine<i>Cimex lectularis</i>, or human bedbug. The entomologists state that in our northern
Augmented efficiency of regional myocardial work by ouabain
Authors: J. Kedem, P. M Scholtz, H. R Weiss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

The effect of ouabain on regional myocardial mechanics and corresponding regional myocardial oxygen consumption was investigated.Regional myocardial segment length (ultrasonic dimension crystals) and force development (miniature strain gauge) were measured. The integrated multiples of myocardial shortening by corresponding force during an averaged beat was used to express regional segment work (= area under the systolic portion of the length-force loop). External cardiac work was calculated from aortic blood pressure and cardiac output. Global and regional myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) were evaluated at baseline and during intravenous infusion of ouabain (7 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). Regional coronary blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres, and microspectrophotometry of frozen myocardial biopsies was used to evaluate O2 saturation in small arteries and veins. These variables were used to calculate regional myocardial MVO2. Arterial and coronary sinus O2 saturation was used to calculate global left ventricular O2 consumption. Myocardial efficiency was expressed as regional work/regional myocardial MVO2.Ten open chest anaesthetised dogs, weight about 20 kg, were used.Ouabain increased regional myocardial segment work [from 5291(SEM 1067) to 8916(2338) mm.g-1.min-1] to a greater extent than regional myocardial MVO2 [from 6.33(0.75) to 8.54(0.75) ml O2.min-1.100 g-1]. Regional efficiency was increased from 734(78) to 1036(160) g.mm.ml O2(-1).100 g-1. External efficiency was not raised. Percent shortening was increased to a greater extent than peak force development (+76% v + 38%), possibly indicating increased myocardial compliance. The length-force loop was shifted upward and to the right.Ouabain increases regional efficiency of myocardial contraction.
459 ANALYSE OF PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF MORTALITY OF HIV/HCV INFECTED PATIENTS ON THE WAITING LIST OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: D. Carmona, V. Delvart, T.M. Antonini, R. Sobesky, B. Roche, E. Teicher, D. Vittecoq, R. Adam, D. Azoulay, D. Castaing, D. Samuel, J.-C. Duclos-Vallée
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)