tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IDDM and Milk Consumption: A case-control study in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Suely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno, José Maria Pacheco De Souza
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that breast-feeding is a protective factor against IDDM and that early exposure to cow's milk is a risk factor for the disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 346 diabetic children, aged &amp;lt; 18 years, were identified in two institutions in the city of São Paulo. Duration of exclusive breast-feeding and age of introduction to cow's milk products in infant diet were compared with 346 sex-, age-, and neighborhood-matched control children. All comparisons between diabetic and control children were done using paired tests. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found for the duration of exclusive breast-feeding (P = 0.007) and for the age of introduction to cow's milk products (P = 0.047). Control children had a longer time of exclusive breast-feeding and had received cow's milk later in their diet than the case children. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a shorter duration of exclusive breast-feeding is a risk factor for IDDM (odds ratio [OR] 2.13; 95% CI 1.8–3.55) and that the introduction to cow's milk products before age 8 days is a risk factor for the disease (OR 2.29;95% CI 1.37–3.83).
Differential effects of high-frequency versus low-frequency exercise training in rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Wybe Nieuwland, Marike A Berkhuysen, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Johan Brügemann, Martin L.J Landsman, Eric van Sonderen, K.I Lie, Harry J.G.M Crijns, Piet Rispens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
SOX11 expression correlates to promoter methylation and regulates tumor growth in hematopoietic malignancies
Authors: Elin Gustavsson, Sandra Sernbo, Elin Andersson, Donal J. Brennan, Michael Dictor, Mats Jerkeman, Carl A. K. Borrebaeck, Sara Ek
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background The transcription factor SOX11 plays an important role in embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) and is expressed in the adult immature neuron but is normally not expressed in any other adult tissue. It has recently been reported to be implicated in various malignant neoplasms, including several lymphoproliferative diseases, by its specific expression and in some cases correlation to prognosis. SOX11 has been shown to prevent gliomagenesis in vivo but the causes and consequences of aberrant expression of SOX11 outside the CNS remain unexplained. Results We now show the first function of SOX11 in lymphoproliferative diseases, by demonstrating in vitro its direct involvement in growth regulation, as assessed by siRNA-mediated silencing and ectopic overexpression in hematopoietic malignancies. Gene Chip analysis identified cell cycle regulatory pathways, including Rb-E2F, to be associated with SOX11-induced growth reduction. Furthermore, promoter analysis revealed that SOX11 is silenced through DNA methylation in B cell lymphomas, suggesting that its regulation is epigenetically controlled. Conclusions The data show that SOX11 is not a bystander but an active and central regulator of cellular growth, as both siRNA-mediated knock-down and ectopic overexpression of SOX11 resulted in altered proliferation. Thus, these data demonstrate a tumor suppressor function for SOX11 in hematopoietic malignancies and revealed a potential epigenetic regulation of this developmentally involved gene.
Acute cardiac inflammatory responses to postischemic reperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Stefan Zahler, Parwis Massoudy, Heinz Hartl, Christoph Hähnel, Hans Meisner, Bernhard F Becker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: The investigation centers on whether there is a reperfusion-induced specific cardiac inflammatory reaction after bypass surgery. Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to systemic inflammation. Additionally, cardiac inflammation due to reperfusion could occur. Knowledge about nature and time course of this reaction might help to develop cardioprotective interventions. Methods: In 12 patients receiving coronary bypass grafts, arterial and coronary venous blood was obtained before onset of CPB, and 1, 5, 10, 25, 35 and 75 min after cardiac reperfusion. Plasma levels of IL6 and IL8 were measured by immunoassay. CD11b, CD41, and CD62 on blood cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Measurement of CD41, a platelet marker, on neutrophils and monocytes allowed detection of leukocyte–platelet microaggregates. Results: Transcardiac veno–arterial difference of IL6 rose in the 10th and 25th min of reperfusion (from 0 to 7 pg/ml; p<0.05), and after 75 min (15 pg/ml). IL8 did not change. CD11b on neutrophils (PMN) decreased transcardially to 95, 88 and 82% of the initial level in the 5th, 10th, and 75th min, respectively, suggesting sequestration of activated neutrophils. CD62 on platelets rose about 30% in the 75th min. Initially, leukocyte–platelet microaggregates were formed during coronary passage (+31% of the arterial level for PMN, +23% for monocytes). During reperfusion, coaggregates were retained (PMN: −1% and −7% in the 5th and 10th min, monocytes: −22%, −13% and −12% in the 1st, 5th and 10th min. Conclusions: During early reperfusion after aortic declamping, the coronary bed is already a source of proinflammatory stimuli and target for activated leukocytes, partly in conjunction with platelets. Mitigation of these phenomena might help to improve cardiac function after CPB especially in patients at risk.
Referral to medical outpatients department at teaching hospitals in Birmingham and Amsterdam.
Authors: F M Hull, R F Westerman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A method of comparing the referral of patients by general practitioners to medical outpatients departments at teaching hospitals in Amsterdam and Birmingham was devised. This was applied to 89 referral letters to medical specialists at the Free University Medical School Policlinic in Amsterdam and to 88 referral letters to clinics at Birmingham University Medical School, UK. The standards of referral were lower in the Netherlands than in Britain, and this may be related to differences in the health care systems, in the culture, or in the organisation of general practice. The delay between the general practitioner9s referral and the consultation to the outpatient department was four times greater in Britain than in the Netherlands.
Allied Health Education in Rural Health Professional Shortage Areas of the United States
Authors: Gloria C. Gupta
Journal: JAMA (1992)

SEVERAL recent studies<sup>1,2</sup>have highlighted gross deficiencies in the health status of those living in rural areas of the United States, as well as inequities in the distribution of health resources in such areas. Concerns about an adequate supply of primary care physicians and allied health personnel<sup>3,4</sup>in rural areas have catalyzed federal and state governments to action, including reinvigoration of the National Health Service Corps,<sup>5</sup>development of a new Federal Office of Rural Health Policy,<sup>6</sup>and design and implementation of interdisciplinary training demonstration projects in rural communities.<sup>7</sup> Allied health professionals form a vital part of the health care infrastructure necessary to support ambulatory and institutional primary care and to provide the full spectrum of basic health care; yet definitive quantitative studies relating allied health training location and subsequent rural practice choice do not exist. Even basic data on the number and distribution of allied
Polyarteritis nodosa associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: report of two cases.
Authors: J Carratala, A Vidaller, J Mana, F Manresa, F Fernandez-Nogues
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Polyarteritis nodosa associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: report of two cases SIR, An association between polyarteritis nodosa and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has been reported in only four cases."'We describe two cases with histological evidence of this association. Case reports PATIENT NO 1A 70 year old woman complained of cough and mild exertion dyspnoea during two years before admission.She presented with fever, asthenia, anorexia, weight loss, arthralgias, and worsening of her respiratory symptoms of three months' duration.On physical examination the patient appeared chroni- cally ill.Her temperature was 38 5°C and respiratory rate 26/minute.Positive findings on examination included diffuse inspiratory crackles over the lower third of both lung fields.Laboratory data showed haemoglobin concentration 88 g/l, white cell count 11-72x 109/1 with a normal differential, and platelet count 525 x 109/1.The erythrocyte
Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Closure of Periprosthetic Paravalvular Leaks
Authors: Carlos E. Ruiz, Vladimir Jelnin, Itzhak Kronzon, Yuriy Dudiy, Raquel Del Valle-Fernandez, Bryce N. Einhorn, Paul T.L. Chiam, Claudia Martinez, Rocio Eiros, Gary Roubin, Howard A. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Muscle lipogenesis balances insulin sensitivity and strength through calcium signaling
Authors: Katsuhiko Funai, Haowei Song, Li Yin, Irfan J. Lodhi, Xiaochao Wei, Jun Yoshino, Trey Coleman, Clay F. Semenkovich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Exogenous dietary fat can induce obesity and promote diabetes, but endogenous fat production is not thought to affect skeletal muscle insulin resistance, an antecedent of metabolic disease. Unexpectedly, the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) was increased in the skeletal muscle of mice with diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle-specific inactivation of FAS protected mice from insulin resistance without altering adiposity, specific inflammatory mediators of insulin signaling, or skeletal muscle levels of diacylglycerol or ceramide. Increased insulin sensitivity despite high-fat feeding was driven by activation of AMPK without affecting AMP content or the AMP/ATP ratio in resting skeletal muscle. AMPK was induced by elevated cytosolic calcium caused by impaired sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity due to altered phospholipid composition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), but came at the expense of decreased muscle strength. Thus, inhibition of skeletal muscle FAS prevents obesity-associated diabetes in mice, but also causes muscle weakness, which suggests that mammals have retained the capacity for lipogenesis in muscle to preserve physical performance in the setting of disrupted metabolic homeostasis.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha eliminates binding of NF-Y and an octamer-binding protein to the lipoprotein lipase promoter in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Authors: C L Morin, I R Schlaepfer, R H Eckel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

TNF alpha has been shown to reduce lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue. Regulation of LPL by TNF alpha occurs at the level of LPL gene transcription and posttranscriptionally. To elucidate further the transcriptional mechanism of TNF alpha inhibition of LPL gene transcription, transfection analysis was used to locate the site(s) of the LPL promoter that imparts the TNF alpha response. Transient transfections using LPL promoter deletions fused to luciferase in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with and without TNF alpha treatment indicated that a DNA region downstream of -180 bp confers the TNF alpha effect. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using two 32P-labeled LPL probes spanning the region between -180 and +44 bp revealed the loss of several LPL DNA-protein interactions after TNF alpha treatment, including the binding of NF-Y to the CCAAT box and a protein to the octamer consensus sequence. Protein binding to the OCT-1 consensus sequence is unaffected until after 4 h of TNF alpha treatment. In addition, the amount of mRNA for OCT-1 is not altered with TNF alpha treatment. These results indicate that TNF alpha regulates at least two DNA-binding proteins on the proximal promoter, thereby inhibiting LPL gene transcription.
Influence of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Amyloidosis of Aging
Authors: A. Ilhan Ozdemir, John R. Wright, Evan Calkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Amyloidosis, both human and experimental, is allied with a multiplicity of predisposing factors. This study was designed to determine whether the presence of one such factor, rheumatoid arthritis, would enhance the tendency for amyloid accumulation in aged persons. With the use of sensitive histologic methods, the autopsy prevalence of amyloidosis in 47 patients with documented severe rheumatoid arthritis was compared to that in 47 nonrheumatoid subjects appropriately matched for sex and age. Contrary to expectations, the frequency and, with one exception, the distribution and amount of amyloid deposition were identical. Only one rheumatoid patient exhibited "secondary" amyloidosis. In this study, the rheumatoid patients exhibited an unexpectedly high frequency of gallstones and relatively low frequency of cancer in comparison to the control group.
Safer loading doses of medicines: summary of a safety report from the National Patient Safety Agency
Authors: T. Lamont, D. Cousins, A. Bischler, D. Gerrett
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Some medicines need to be given at high initial doses (loading doses) at the start of treatment, before being reduced to a lower, maintenance dose. Reasons vary for the need for loading doses. In some patients the therapeutic level is needed very quickly—for example, phenytoin to stabilise a patient after a seizure. Loading doses are also needed for medicines that would otherwise take a long time to reach the desired therapeutic levels—for example, without a loading dose, it might take a month for a patient with heart failure to benefit from amiodarone.

Loading doses are complex to prescribe, as they require multistep calculations using information about the patient (such as weight) and the medicine (such as estimated volume of distribution or half life). Staff may mistakenly continue loading doses instead of lowering to maintenance doses, particularly when patients move between settings (for example, from emergency departments to general wards or from hospital back to the community). Little evidence exists in the formal literature on frequency of error or harm, except for isolated case reports.1

From January 2005 to April 2010, staff in England and Wales reported 1165 patient safety incidents relating to loading dose errors. These included two deaths, four cases of severe harm, and 102 of moderate harm. A further death was reported by a coroner.

A typical incident report reads: “Patient prescribed loading dose of 1 g phenytoin on \[ward name] then maintenance dose of 1 g BD [twice daily\] (usual maintenance dose is around 300 mg OD [once daily]) on Friday … Five 1 …
Postvasectomy Congestive Epididymitis
Authors: Stanwood S. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As two of the authors of the article entitled "Vasectomy and Health: Results From a Large Cohort Study,"<sup>1</sup>we wish to clarify a statement. The article states, "as expected, there was a notable excess of epididymitis-orchitis in vasectomized men."<sup>1</sup>We wish to point out that the majority of these were cases in which the epididymal tubule was temporarily engorged with spermatozoa and where this distention of the tubule caused discomfort. This engorgement ("congestive epididymitis") is customarily a transitory condition, resolving when the balance between production and absorption of sperm has been restored. The diagnoses of orchitis and epididymitis were not specific and usually referred to swelling or tenderness of the scrotal contents.
Headache on the pill.
Authors: E. C. Grant, E. Mears
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Single-cell technologies have enabled extensive analysis of complex immune composition, phenotype and interactions within tumor, which is crucial in understanding the mechanisms behind cancer progression and treatment resistance. Unfortunately, the knowledge on cell phenotypes and their spatial interactions at present has only limited utilization in guiding pathological stratification on patients based on their immune microenvironments for better clinical decisions. Here we used imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to simultaneously quantify 35 proteins in a spatially resolved manner on tumor tissues from melanoma patients receiving anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy. Unbiased single-cell analysis revealed highly dynamic tumor-immune microenvironments that are characterized with variable tumor and immune cell phenotypes and their organizations across and within melanomas, and identified distinct archetypes of melanoma microenvironments that are associated with benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy based on high-dimensional multicellular features. Our results demonstrate the utility of multiplex proteomic imaging technologies in studying complex molecular events in a spatially resolved manner for the development of new strategies for patient stratification and treatment outcome prediction.
Decreased carnitine biosynthesis in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Stephan Krähenbühl, Eric P. Brass, Charles L. Hoppel
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Carnitine biosynthesis was investigated in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) for 4 weeks (n = 5) and in pair-fed, sham-operated control rats (n = 4). Control rats were pair-fed to BDL rats, and all rats were fed an artificial diet with negligible contents of carnitine, butyrobetaine, or trimethyllysine. Biosynthesis of carnitine and its precursors was determined by measuring their excretion in urine and accumulation in the body of the animals. Four weeks after BDL, total carnitine content was increased by 33% in livers from BDL rats when compared with control rats, but was unchanged in skeletal muscle and whole carcass. The plasma total carnitine concentration averaged 29.0 ± 4.1 vs. 46.4 ± 7.3 μmol/L in BDL rats and control rats, respectively. Urinary total carnitine excretion was reduced by 56% in BDL rats as compared with control rats. Carnitine biosynthesis was significantly decreased in BDL rats (0.45 ± 0.19 vs. 0.93 ± 0.08 μmol/100 g body weight/d in BDL and control rats, respectively). The tissue content of free and protein-linked trimethyllysine, a carnitine precursor, and trimethyllysine plasma concentrations were not different between BDL and control rats. However, urinary trimethyllysine excretion was increased 5-fold in BDL rats and approximated glomerular filtration. In contrast, urinary excretion of butyrobetaine, the direct carnitine precursor, was decreased by 40% in BDL rats as compared with control rats. Trimethyllysine biosynthesis was not different, but butyrobetaine biosynthesis was decreased by 51% in BDL as compared with control rats. In conclusion, carnitine biosynthesis is decreased in BDL rats as a result of a defect in the conversion of trimethyllysine to butyrobetaine.
Doctors' leaders question 2bn estimated cost to NHS of caring for visitors
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The NHS in England could save up to £500m (€590m; $810m) a year if new measures were implemented to ensure that visitors from overseas and immigrants paid for healthcare in the United Kingdom, says new research published by the government.

England’s health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, said that the study conducted for the Department of Health supported his proposed changes to the current system of recovering costs for NHS care, designed to ensure fairness for British taxpayers.1

But the BMA has said that the estimates were based on numerous assumptions. The researchers themselves acknowledged that there was “no robust evidence” to conclusively show how much of the NHS budget was consumed by temporary visitors.2

The research included a quantitative report that analysed data from the 2011 census, the 2012 international passenger survey of people entering and leaving the UK, …
MINIMAL ALBUMIN REQUIREMENTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.
Authors: L. BREISACHER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In 1891 I published<sup>1</sup>a series of experiments on the subject of the quantity of albumin necessary to keep a human individual in a normal nitrogen equilibrium. At that time the quantity of albumin considered necessary for an adult in 24 hours was 118 grams, these figures resting on experiments made by Voit and his pupils. I experimented on myself for a period of thirty days. The food, which was the same in quantity and quality for every twenty-four hours of the thirty days of experimentation, consisted of meat, rice, potatoes, bread, corn-starch, eggs, milk, sugar and butter, and contained 67.80 grams of albumin. The average quantity of nitrogen excreted in the form of urea by the urine, and estimated by the Kjeldahl method, amounted to 8.23 grams for every twenty-four hours, which, computed as albumin, amounts to 51.4 grams. This would leave 16.40 grams of albumin, or 2.62
RELATIONSHIP OF OPTIC ATROPHY TO LOCOMOTOR ATAXY.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: H. I. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1894)

I desire to point out the special features of the relationship of the optic atrophy to ataxy, and have a case to demonstrate my topic: J. W. H., aged 37, native of the United States. Past history: He has suffered for the last five years from rheumatic pains in various parts of his body, and from nervous twitching, lightning pain in leg, trunk and arms. No history of syphilis. He has used tobacco and stimulants freely. About a year ago he was advised to go to Paso Robles Springs and use the mud baths for his rheumatic pains; no relief was obtained; a few weeks after his return he complained of defective vision, first of the left eye, then the right. Jan. 31, 1894, when he first came under my care, I found that he was totally blind and suffering from a rapid nystagmus, and lightning pain in both legs.
Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia
Authors: John E. Bertini
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  Wong and Freier (1982;247:75) have presented an algorithm for use of laboratory tests in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia that fails to use valuable historical information until step 4 of their scheme. Decision 4 requires the answer to the question concerning the patient's use of drugs that could cause hypercalcemia. I suggest that this basic piece of historical data be used in the algorithm at a much earlier decision point. Evaluation of the patient's drug history at an earlier point could save the patient, whose condition is being evaluated by this decision pathway, the pain and risks of multiple venipunctures and the costs of the concomitant laboratory tests. Rufus of Ephesus (c 100 AD) pointed out that the history is an invaluable part of the diagnostic evaluation. I see no reason to ignore historical data until well into the workup of hypercalcemia.
Subclonal mutations in SETBP1 confer a poor prognosis in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Elliot Stieglitz, Camille B. Troup, Laura C. Gelston, John Haliburton, Eric D. Chow, Kristie B. Yu, Jon Akutagawa, Amaro N. Taylor-Weiner, Y. Lucy Liu, Yong-Dong Wang, Kyle Beckman, Peter D. Emanuel, Benjamin S. Braun, Adam Abate, Robert B. Gerbing, Todd A. Alonzo, Mignon L. Loh
Journal: Blood (2014)
The Comparison of Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation and Endourethral Macroplastique Injection for the Treatment of Postprostatectomy Incontinence
Authors: M. Abdurrahim Imamoglu, Can Tuygun, Hasan Bakirtas, Orhan Yiğitbasi, Ahmet Kiper
Journal: European Urology (2004)