tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Not interferon, but interleukin-6 controls early gene expression in hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Marianna Hösel, Maria Quasdorff, Katja Wiegmann, Dennis Webb, Uta Zedler, Mathias Broxtermann, Raindy Tedjokusumo, Knud Esser, Silke Arzberger, Carsten J. Kirschning, Anja Langenkamp, Christine Falk, Hildegard Büning, Stefan Rose‐John, Ulrike Protzer
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

With about 350 million virus carriers, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem. HBV is a noncytopathic virus causing persistent infection, but it is still unknown whether host recognition of HBV may activate an innate immune response. We describe that upon infection of primary human liver cells, HBV is recognized by nonparenchymal cells of the liver, mainly by liver macrophages (Kupffer cells), although they are not infected. Within 3 hours, this recognition leads to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and subsequently to the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta), but does not induce an interferon response. The activation of proinflammatory cytokines, however, is transient, and even inhibits responsiveness toward a subsequent challenge. IL-6 released by Kupffer cells after activation of NF-kappaB controls HBV gene expression and replication in hepatocytes at the level of transcription shortly after infection. Upon binding to its receptor complex, IL-6 activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases exogenous signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-jun N-terminal kinase, which inhibit expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1alpha and HNF 4alpha, two transcription factors essential for HBV gene expression and replication.Our results demonstrate recognition of HBV patterns by nonparenchymal liver cells, which results in IL-6-mediated control of HBV infection at the transcriptional level. Thus, IL-6 ensures early control of the virus, limiting activation of the adaptive immune response and preventing death of the HBV-infected hepatocyte. This pattern recognition may be essential for a virus, which infects a new host with only a few virions. Our data also indicate that therapeutic neutralization of IL-6 for treatment of certain diseases may represent a risk if the patient is HBV-infected.
TCT-751 Eccentricity Of The Aortic Annulus Is Not Associated With Functional Impairment Of The Transapical JenaValve In An In Vitro Durability Test Model
Authors: Stephan Ensminger, Maximilian Kuetting, Buntaro Fujita, Stephan Achenbach, Jochen Boergermann, Jan Gummert, Ulrich Steinseifer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Acute Myocardial Infarction in 'Miliary Tuberculosis'
Authors: WARREN A. KOSSOWSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 June 1975Acute Myocardial Infarction in 'Miliary Tuberculosis'WARREN A. KOSSOWSKY, M.D., F.A.C.P., SHAHROKH RAFII, M.D., GUILLERMO GOMEZ-LEON, M.D.WARREN A. KOSSOWSKY, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, SHAHROKH RAFII, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GUILLERMO GOMEZ-LEON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-6-813 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAcute myocardial infarction due to caseous thromboembolism in disseminated hematogenous tuberculosis has not heretofore been cited. It is the purpose of this report to describe a patient with this unique complication of tuberculosis.A 30-year-old social worker, a two-pack per day cigarette smoker, was admitted to The Brookdale Hospital MedicalCenter for cough productive of bright red blood, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath. During the 2 months before admission he experienced night sweats, registered a 9.07 - kg [20 - lb] weight loss, and although unusually fatigued continued to work regularly. One week before admission he began to complain...References1. GOULEY B, BELLET S, and MCMILLAN T: Tuberculosis of the myocardium. Arch Intern Med 51:244-263, 1933 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. TSENG H and ROULET F: Cardiac involvement in miliary tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc 68:771-774, 1953 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. NESVADBA P and CHLUMSKY J: Beitrag zur entründlichen Äitologie der Koronargefäbveränderungen. Cardiologia 30:376-386, 1957 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JACOBS H and ELLIOT G: Cardiac ventricular aneurysm in South Africa. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 306:84-95, 1955 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. KINARE S and BHATIA B: Tuberculous coronary arteritis with aneurysm of the ventricular septum. Chest 60:613-616, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WARREN A. KOSSOWSKY, M.D., F.A.C.P.; SHAHROKH RAFII, M.D.; GUILLERMO GOMEZ-LEON, M.D.Affiliations: Sections of Cardiology and Pathology The Brookdale Hospital Medical Center Brooklyn, New York 11212 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHeart disease: the greatest `risk' factor of them allInflammatory Diseases of the Coronary Artery 1 June 1975Volume 82, Issue 6Page: 813-814KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionBloodDyspneaMiliary tuberculosisOilsSweatThoraxThromboembolismWeight loss ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cardiac anti-remodelling effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: afterload-(in)dependent?
Authors: M. Kuhn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) is an important second messenger regulating many different cellular functions. In the cardiovascular system, cGMP and its primary effector cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) play a pivotal role in diminishing smooth muscle vascular tone by cGKI-mediated phosphorylation of regulatory proteins involved in calcium handling and sarcomere shortening.1 cGMP is thereby critically involved in the regulation of systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressure.1,2 In the heart, cGMP/cGKI signalling appears to exert more subtle effects. Increases in cGMP can counteract the trophic actions of growth hormones on cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts.2 In genetic mouse models, cardiomyocyte-specific activation of cGMP synthesis suppressed cardiac remodelling in response to pressure overload,3 whereas inhibition exacerbated the response.4 These local, blood pressure-independent, cardiac anti-remodelling effects of cGMP were mild, but significant.

cGMP levels in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac myocytes are regulated by the activities of three different guanylyl cyclases (GCs): soluble GC (sGC), the intracellular receptor for endothelial nitric oxide; particulate GC-A, a membrane-bound receptor for the cardiac natriuretic peptides atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides; and GC-B, a specific receptor for the endothelial C-type natriuretic peptide.2 cGMP formed is hydrolysed by members of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, mainly PDE5 and possibly PDE9, as well as by the dual-substrate, cGMP/cAMP-hydrolysing PDEs 1 and 2.5 PDE5 remains best characterized, and its inhibition by drugs such as sildenafil (Viagra®) is clinically used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension.5 In particular, many small studies and a large randomized controlled (Super-1) trial have demonstrated … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +49 931 31 2720; fax: +49 931 31 2741. E-mail address : michaela.kuhn{at}mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
EFFECT OF CARDIAC HYBRID 150-WATER PET/CT IMAGING UPON DOWNSTREAM REFERRAL FOR INVASIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY AND REVASCULARIZATION RATE
Authors: Ibrahim Danad, Pieter G. Raijmakers, Hendrik J. Harms, Cornelis van Kuijk, Niels van Royen, Michaela Diamant, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Mark Lubberink, Albert C. van Rossum, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The rapid induction by phytohemagglutinin of increased α-aminoisobutyric acid uptake by lymphocytes
Authors: John Mendelsohn, Sister Ann Skinner, Stuart Kornfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The effect of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on the ability of human lymphocytes to transport the nonutilizable amino acid, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) has been studied. PHA binds rapidly to plasma membrane receptor sites with half maximal binding requiring approximately 7.5 min. During the first 30 min after PHA addition to lymphocytes no change was detected in AIB transport, but then a linear increase in the initial rate of AIB transport occurred over the next 9 hr. Subsequently, the rate of AIB transport stabilized at a level 6-7 times greater than that found in control lymphocytes. The change in membrane function developed even when de novo protein synthesis was inhibited by 85-90% with puromycin or cycloheximide. However, the PHA effect did not occur when the lymphocytes were maintained at 4 degrees C. Studies of the kinetics of AIB uptake by control and PHA-treated lymphocytes demonstrated that PHA increases the V(max) of AIB uptake by 6-7-fold (0.7 mmumole AIB per 10(6) lymphocytes/15 min versus 0.1 mmumole per 10(6) lymphocytes/15 min) without affecting the Km (Michaelis constant) of the transport system (2mM in both cases).When fetuin was added to lymphocyte cultures to remove bound PHA, the PHA-induced increase in the rate of AIB uptake was arrested at the rate achieved during the time of prior incubation with PHA. This level of AIB transport persisted for at least 3 hr after 80% of the PHA was removed from the cell membrane. These data demonstrate that PHA rapidly induces a change in a lymphocyte cell membrane transport function, and that the continued presence of PHA on the cell membrane is required for the full stimulatory effect to be reached. The data do not distinguish between a direct action of PHA upon the lymphocyte membrane or the possibility that PHA slowly enters into the cell where it then exerts its effect.
Ruling out DVT using the Wells rule and a D-dimer test
Authors: A. Iorio, J. D. Douketis
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Safety confirmed for first and recurrent events in patients without cancer

The development of a clinical prediction guide, from inception to use in everyday practice, is often a long and winding journey. In a linked paper, Geersing and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g1340) re-evaluate the Wells rule,1 which aids in the assessment of patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and was initially conceived almost 20 years ago.2

To understand how this study advances the specialty, consider the case of a 50 year old man presenting with a five day history of calf pain and swelling that began after he felt a sudden “popping” in the calf. Physical examination shows tenderness just below the popliteal fossa. Current diagnostic algorithms recommend determining a pretest probability for DVT, which can be done by clinical acumen or with a quantitative clinical prediction guide, such as the Wells rule. This patient would initially be assigned a Wells score of 2 (calf swelling, localised tenderness) that would be downgraded to zero if an astute clinician believed this patient had plantaris muscle tendon rupture as a “more likely alternative diagnosis.” The next step would be D-dimer testing, an index of thrombin generation, which in …
Exome sequencing identifies highly recurrent MED12 somatic mutations in breast fibroadenoma
Authors: Weng Khong Lim, Choon Kiat Ong, Jing Tan, Aye Aye Thike, Cedric Chuan Young Ng, Vikneswari Rajasegaran, Swe Swe Myint, Sanjanaa Nagarajan, Nur Diyana Md Nasir, John R McPherson, Ioana Cutcutache, Gregory Poore, Su Ting Tay, Wei Siong Ooi, Veronique Kiak Mien Tan, Mikael Hartman, Kong Wee Ong, Benita K T Tan, Steven G Rozen, Puay Hoon Tan, Patrick Tan, Bin Tean Teh
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
An evaluation of the usefulness of mycophenolate mofetil in pemphigus
Authors: A.M. Powell, S. Albert, S. Al Fares, K.E. Harman, J. Setterfield, B. Bhogal, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and/or mucous membranes requiring management with immunosuppressive therapy. The optimal therapeutic regimen would rapidly induce remission and maintain effectiveness with minimal adverse effects in the long term.The present study describes our experience of the addition of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to prednisolone in the management of severe, refractory pemphigus.Patients with active, refractory pemphigus were treated with MMF. Our series included 12 cases of pemphigus vulgaris, four cases of pemphigus foliaceous and one case of paraneoplastic pemphigus. All patients were monitored to assess disease control and mycophenolate toxicity.Of the 17 cases, MMF has been of benefit to 12. MMF was well tolerated and there were no treatment withdrawals because of safety concerns.We found that MMF permitted a reduction in prednisolone dosage without disease relapse.
The homunculus at home
Authors: J. David Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract In Gray's conjecture, mismatches in the subicular comparator (needing problem resolution) and matches (during appetitive approach) have equal prominence in consciousness. In rival cognitive views novelty and difficulty (i.e., information-processing mismatches) especially elicit more conscious modes of cognition and higher levels of self-regulation. The mismatch between Gray's conjecture and these views is discussed.
Rheumatism in Populations
Authors: J. T. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Epidemiological studies into the rheumatic diseases started in the United Kingdom with the Glover reports to the Ministry of Health in the 1920s, showing that these disorders accounted for one-sixth of total industrial disability, a yearly expenditure of £2 000 000 in sickness benefits, and a loss of 21 million working days every year.
Aberrant DNA methylation of p57KIP2 identifies a cell-cycle regulatory pathway with prognostic impact in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: LanLan Shen, Minoru Toyota, Yutaka Kondo, Toshiro Obata, Sophia Daniel, Sherry Pierce, Kohzoh Imai, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Jean-Pierre J. Issa, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Blood (2003)
Effect of thrombolytic therapy on the evolution of significant mitral regurgitation in patients with a first inferior myocardial infarction
Authors: Jonathan Leor, Micha S. Feinberg, Zvi Vered, Hanoch Hod, Elieser Kaplinsky, Uri Goldbourt, Smadar Truman, Michael Motro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Clinical Utility of an Amplification Test Based on Ligase Chain Reaction in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: STÉPHANE JOUVESHOMME, EMMANUELLE CAMBAU, DAVID TRYSTRAM, MICHEL SZPYTMA, WLADIMIR SOUGAKOFF, JEAN-PHILIPPE DERENNE, JACQUES GROSSET
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a new semiautomated direct amplification test (DAT), the LCx-MTB, for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and assessed its positive predictive value by focusing on patients with high clinical and radiologic suspicion of pulmonary TB. Respiratory tract specimens from 32 consecutive patients with high suspicion of active pulmonary TB (case patients) and from 204 control patients were cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tested by LCx-MTB. Sensitivity and specificity of LCx-MTB when compared with culture was, respectively, 80 and 98%. Pulmonary TB was confirmed in the 32 case patients without knowledge of the LCx results: 18 patients were smear- and culture-positive for M. tuberculosis, and all gave at least one specimen that was LCx-positive. Eight patients were smear-negative culture-positive, and seven gave at least one LCx-positive specimen. LCx-MTB was negative in all the specimens obtained from six patients with smear- and culture-negative TB. A positive LCx-MTB result in a smear negative specimen was 100% predictive that at least one of the case patients' specimens would yield M. tuberculosis. As a consequence, knowledge of the LCx-MTB results at the time of specimen collection could have hastened the start of the antituberculosis therapy in three (21%) smear-negative case patients and could have avoided unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures in four (29%). We conclude that the sensitivity of LCx-MTB in detecting M. tuberculosis DNA in respiratory tract specimens is similar to other DATs, that LCx-MTB is a reliable test for confirmation of TB in smear-positive patients and that LCx-MTB could be beneficial as a diagnostic step in smear-negative patients with a high suspicion of pulmonary TB.
What is the Cost of Nephrotoxicity Associated with Aminoglycosides?
Authors: JOHN M. EISENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

We measured the economic impact of aminoglycoside-associated nephrotoxicity in a nested case-control study at six Philadelphia area hospitals. From the charts of 1756 patients who received aminoglycosides and met entry criteria, we collected data on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and resource utilization for all patients with nephrotoxicity and for a sample of patients without nephrotoxicity. Of the 1756 patients, 129 (7.3%) developed aminoglycoside-associated nephrotoxicity. The component costs of nephrotoxicity were calculated by hospital accounting methods; room and board costs were enumerated with per diem rates. The additional cost of hospital ancillary services per case of nephrotoxicity was $446 (p < 0.001); the additional cost of hospital stay was $825 for additional routine days (2.74 days) (p < 0.02) and $1152 for intensive care days (1.50 days) (p < 0.001). Additional consultations were $78 per patient. Therefore, the mean total additional cost of aminoglycoside-associated nephrotoxicity was $2501. The average additional cost per patient receiving aminoglycosides was $183.
Evaluation of a New Radioimmunoassay for Urinary Albumin
Authors: Robert G Brodows, Diane Nichols, George Shaker, Norman P Kubasik
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

We have evaluated a new commercially available radioimmunoassay kit for albumin determination in urine. The assay is precise; within-run precision (CV) in the clinically significant ranges is 1.8–3.5%, between-run, 1.2–8.5%. The minimum detection limit was 0.6 μg/ml. Analytic recovery of different concentrations of albumin added to urine ranged from 98% to 103%. Samples, stored in plastic containers, were stable at room temperature for periods up to 7 days. Mean albumin excretion rates, measured in 20 normal volunteers for 3-h and 24-h periods during the same day were similar (7.1 ± 4.6 [SD] versus 6.5 ± 5.0 μg/min). In 8 normal subjects, 3-h excretion rates measured daily for 5 days showed no significant variability. In eight insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, albumin excretion measured in short periods of urine collection (3 h) were also in close agreement with 24-h collections (24-7 ± 28.9 versus 17.6 ± 18 μg/min). From these results it appears that this commercially available kit is suitable for conveniently monitoring microalbuminuria in large numbers of patients in research studies as well as for office practice. Such widespread use should make it possible to better determine the clinical usefulness of this test in the management of diabetic patients.
Upper-Respiratory Infection as a Factor Influencing Susceptibility to Poliomyelitis
Authors: Theodore H. Ingalls, W. Lloyd Aycock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

POLIOMYELITIS is now definitely fixed as predominantly a subclinical immunizing infection in which paralysis is the exceptional event.1 2 3 Ever since the 1916 epidemic, evidence has slowly accumulated that factors other than exposure to the virus,—4 , 5 factors as diverse as tonsillectomy,6 7 8 pregnancy9 and endocrine function,10 11 influence the paralytic manifestations of poliomyelitis. Likewise clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that overexertion and fatigue, chilling or overheating and preceding illness may act during the prodromal period as trigger mechanisms to precipitate paralysis.12 13 14 15 16 Recently McCloskey17 and Geffen18 have found that a significant number of paralytic cases follow injection of diphtheria toxin and pertussis vaccine by . . .
Hepatitis C, interferon alfa, and depression
Authors: Darko Zdilar, Kathleen Franco-Bronson, Nancy Buchler, Joseph A. Locala, Zobair M. Younossi
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

HepatologyVolume 31, Issue 6 p. 1207-1211 Concise ReviewFree Access Hepatitis C, interferon alfa, and depression Darko Zdilar, Darko Zdilar Psychiatry and Psychology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHSearch for more papers by this authorKathleen Franco-Bronson, Kathleen Franco-Bronson Psychiatry and Psychology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHSearch for more papers by this authorNancy Buchler, Nancy Buchler Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHSearch for more papers by this authorJoseph A. Locala, Joseph A. Locala Psychiatry and Psychology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHSearch for more papers by this authorZobair M. Younossi M.D., M.P.H., Corresponding Author Zobair M. Younossi M.D., M.P.H. younoz@.ccf.org Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHDepartment of Gastroenterology, S-40, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195. fax: 216-445-5477===Search for more papers by this author Darko Zdilar, Darko Zdilar Psychiatry and Psychology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHSearch for more papers by this authorKathleen Franco-Bronson, Kathleen Franco-Bronson Psychiatry and Psychology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHSearch for more papers by this authorNancy Buchler, Nancy Buchler Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHSearch for more papers by this authorJoseph A. Locala, Joseph A. Locala Psychiatry and Psychology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHSearch for more papers by this authorZobair M. Younossi M.D., M.P.H., Corresponding Author Zobair M. Younossi M.D., M.P.H. younoz@.ccf.org Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OHDepartment of Gastroenterology, S-40, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195. fax: 216-445-5477===Search for more papers by this author First published: 30 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2000.7880Citations: 166AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume31, Issue6June 2000Pages 1207-1211 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Nicotine Inhaler for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Adam Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent article, Tønnesen et al<sup>1</sup>suggest that a nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation could be implemented in general practitioner offices with high success rates and that it would be "acceptable" to patients. In addition, the program is described as "low intervention." Results from their study do not support such statements. Their study involved volunteers who were recruited through newspaper advertisements and who were motivated to quit smoking. Furthermore, subjects came to the clinic for a total of eight visits within 1 year, with each visit lasting "from 30 to 60 minutes." Subjects saw videotapes on smoking cessation, had group instructions about the use of the nicotine inhaler, had assessments with fiscal and biological parameters, and received individual counseling. Such broad and expensive interventions are admirable, but in my practice as well as that of most primary care physicians, I don't think they would be