tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SUCCESS: THE SURGICAL DESIDERATUM.
Authors: A. ERNEST GALLANT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

'Tis not in mortals to command success, But we'll do more, Sempronius,— We'll deserve it.— (Addison.)  When the surgeon has completely removed the diseased structures, repaired damaged tissues or replaced dislodged organs or viscera, and the patient has survived the ordeal, has the operator completed his work or should he see to it that the resulting condition in the months and years to come is such as will elicit from the patient words of praise for the operator and operation?  While it would be a matter of great satisfaction if I could give tables of hundreds of operations without a death, or enlarge on the successes which have (and have not) followed my work, I prefer on this occasion to direct attention to certain factors in dealing with individual cases which will aid the abdomino-pelvic surgeon in attaining this desirable ambition—success—in some cases. For convenience and brevity the life history
497 BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DECELERATES PERIPORTAL FIBROSIS IN MDR2 KNOCKOUT MICE
Authors: I. Strack, M. Scheffler, E. Konze, K. Wendland, H. Varnholt, S. Schulte, H.P. Dienes, M. Odenthal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The Prophylactic Value of Scarlet Fever Antitoxin
Authors: E. H. R. Harries, D. Hervey, V. Fellowes
Journal: BMJ (1926)

<h3>Background</h3> Using data from a randomised intervention trial of facemask use and hand hygiene for reducing transmission of seasonal influenza among university students, we examined if levels of perceived stress were negatively associated with adherence to these preventive measures and incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI). <h3>Methods</h3> Longitudinal analyses using generalised estimating equations were examined. Perceived stress was self-reported at baseline using a validated scale. Compliance with preventive measures was self-reported throughout the study period and reported ILI symptoms were defined as cough and one or more of fever/feverishness, chills and body aches. <h3>Results</h3> Higher levels of perceived stress were not associated with facemask or hand hygiene compliance. However, perceived stress was significantly associated with a greater ILI incidence (HR1.25, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.45) even after controlling for demographic and behavioural risk factors. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Among students in the university setting, higher levels of perceived stress affect ILI symptom reporting but not compliance with preventive measures for reducing transmission of influenza. Further studies are needed to examine whether psychological stress is a key mechanism explaining socio-demographic health disparities in confirmed influenza infection among healthy persons in the community setting.
THE SAFETY AND FEASIBILITY OF INTRAVASCULAR OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE OF 689 PATIENTS
Authors: Jingbo Hou, Zhigang Han, Shuang Yang, Lingbo Meng, Lei Xing, Haibo Jia, Shaosong Zhang, Bo Yu, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Effect of Aging and of the Development of Disease on the Ballistocardiogram
Authors: ISAAC STARR, E. A. HILDRETH
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Second ballistocardiograms were taken on 80 subjects who were part of the series from which the original normal standards were secured in 1937, 1938 and 1939. Sixty-five of these subjects had retained good health during the long interval; by a comparison between their old and new records, the effect of "normal" aging on the ballistocardiogram has been determined. Fifteen subjects lost their health during the interval and two of them have died since the second test. The evolution of their ballistocardiograms has been compared with the development of their disabilities.
An affordance field for guiding movement and cognition
Authors: Arthur M. Glenberg, Monica R. Cowart, Michael P. Kaschak
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

An embodied movement-planning field cannot account for behavior and cognition more abstract than that of reaching. Instead, we propose an affordance field, and we sketch how it could enhance the analysis of the A-not-B error, underlie cognition, and serve as a base for language. Admittedly, a dynamic systems account of an affordance field awaits significant further development.
FDA Timetable Set for Reducing Use of Tobacco by Children and Adolescents
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

ANTISMOKING efforts have moved to a new phase—regulatory control aimed at reducing smoking by youngsters, and legal moves by the tobacco industry to counter the new rules. Last year, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued regulations specifying how the agency intended to act to reduce the numbers of children and adolescents who use tobacco. Now this move, described as "the most far-reaching measure ever instituted to reduce the use of tobacco by young people," comes shortly after reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention citing a one-third increase in smoking among 8th and 10th graders between 1991 and 1995. In February, the FDA laid out the timetable it plans to use to implement these regulations. On the very day the agency announced its schedule, lawyers for the tobacco and advertising businesses were in court in Greensboro, NC, asking a federal judge to overturn the FDA's moves. <h3>First</h3>
Ambient Levels of Air Pollution Induce Goblet-Cell Hyperplasia in Human Conjunctival Epithelium
Authors: Priscila Novaes, Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva, Newton Kara-José, Mariângela Macchione, Monique Matsuda, Lourdes Racca, Alejandro Berra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Ocular mucosa is exposed constantly to the external environment, and chronic exposure to air pollution may affect the ocular surface.We assessed the effect of air pollution on the ocular surface by combining determinations of individual exposure and conjunctival impression cytology.A panel study was conducted with 29 volunteers recruited in two locations with different pollution levels: São Paulo (n = 13) and Divinolândia (n = 16). We assessed mean individual levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for 7 days, using a passive sampler. Impression cytology samples were obtained from inferior tarsal conjunctiva. Comparisons between the two groups in terms of NO2 exposure and goblet-cell counts were performed using the Student t-test. Correlations between goblet-cells counts and corresponding individual NO2 exposure levels were determined using Spearman's correlation.Individuals living in São Paulo received a significantly (p = 0.005) higher dose of NO2 (mean 32.47; SD 9.83) than those living in Divinolândia (mean 19.33; SD 5.24). There was a steady increase in goblet-cell counts, proportional to NO2 exposure (Spearman's correlation = 0.566, p = 0.001), with a dose-response pattern.A positive and significant association between exposure to air pollution and goblet-cell hyperplasia in human conjunctiva was detected. The combination of simple measurements of exposure and impression cytology was an effective and noninvasive approach for characterizing human response to ambient levels of air pollution.
Subcutaneous Metastases of Colorectal Cancer Detected With PET/CT
Authors: Savas Karyagar, Sevda Saglampinar Karyagar, Can Kece, Bulent Ozdil
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of colorectal cancer is rare. The authors present a case of a 63-year-old man with colorectal carcinoma, who underwent preoperative staging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). PET/CT demonstrated intensely increased uptake in the subcutaneous nodular lesion in the anterior surface of the right thigh. Histopathological examination of the excised subcutaneous nodular lesion revealed adenocarcinoma metastases.
Myeloid progenitors with PTPN11 and nonRAS pathway gene mutations are refractory to treatment with 6-mercaptopurine in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: K Matsuda, Y Nakazawa, C Iwashita, T Kurata, K Hirabayashi, S Saito, M Tanaka, K Yoshikawa, R Yanagisawa, K Sakashita, S Sasaki, T Honda, K Koike
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
6-Month Follow-Up of Ablations for Idiopathic Ventricular Extrasystole/Tachycardia Performed with Conventional Method: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Başar Candemir, Ali T Altin, Omer Akyurek, Mohammad Torbati, Mustafa Kılıçkap, Aydan Ongun, Özgür U. Özcan, Kutay Vurgun, Muharrem Güldal, Çetin Erol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: A. R. Dochez, Franklin A. Stevens
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Rabbits immunized with filtrates of cultures of hemolytic streptococcus from erysipelas show cutaneous allergy. Two periods of allergy have been observed, an early and a late phase. The earliest reactions occurring in the first period of allergy can be neutralized with erysipelas immune sera. The rash of scarlet fever and the Dick reaction are apparently allergic reactions to products of Streptococcus scarlatinæ.
A Survey of Infantile Gastroenteritis
Authors: A. G. Ironside, A. F. Tuxford, B. Heyworth
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<b>In 1967 we admitted 339 cases of infantile gastroenteritis; one-third of these were dehydrated, and in this group the commonest biochemical abnormality found was hypernatraemia, sometimes with metabolic acidosis. A higher incidence of dehydration was found in the patients who had received oral glucose fluids before admission. Enteropathic</b><i>Escherichia coli</i><b>were isolated from the faeces of 16% of the cases. Associated infections, especially of the respiratory tract, were common. Treatment was aimed at the restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance. Usually this was achieved with oral fluids, though intravenous fluids were used in the most severely dehydrated cases. Recovery was complete in 320 cases and a further 14 cases were discharged as carriers of enteropathic</b><i>E. coli</i>. <b>There were five deaths (1·5%) in the series; three occurred immediately after admission.</b>
Indian cabinet defers decision on National Urban Health Mission
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Indian cabinet seems on Thursday 21 February to have deferred a decision on the proposed National Urban Health Mission, putting on hold the government’s “ambitious” urban healthcare plan, which was meant to herald the first step towards universal health coverage in India.

The new mission would come under a National Health Mission and would cost Rs22 000 crore (£2.7bn; €3.1bn; $4bn). The proposal has been cleared by the finance ministry’s Expenditure Finance Committee and the Planning Commission. President Pranab Mukherjee said, “An overarching National Health Mission, …
Influence of family income on hospital visits for asthma among Canadian school children
Authors: R E Dales
Journal: Thorax (2002)

A study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms by which socioeconomic status may influence asthma morbidity in Canada.A total of 2968 schoolchildren aged 5-19 years with reported asthma were divided into three family income ranges. Hospital visits and risk factors for asthma, ascertained by questionnaire, were compared between the three groups.The mean (SE) annual period prevalence of a hospital visit was 25.0 (3.1)% among schoolchildren with household incomes of less than $20 000 Canadian compared with 16.0 (1.3)% among those with incomes of more than $60 000 (p<0.05). Students with asthma from lower income households were more likely to be younger and exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and cats, and their parents were more likely to have a lower educational attainment and be unmarried (p<0.05). Across all income groups, younger age, lower parental education, having unmarried parents, and regular exposure to environmental tobacco smoke were each associated with an increase in risk of a hospital visit (p<0.05). No increased risk was detected due to sex, having pets, and not taking dust control measures. Although not statistically significant at p<0.05, there may have been an interactive effect between income and susceptibility to environmental tobacco smoke. In the lower income group those children who were regularly exposed to second hand smoke had a 79% higher risk of a hospital visit compared with a 45% higher risk in the higher income group. In a logistic regression model the association between income and hospital visit was no longer significant after adjusting for differences in reported exposure to passive smoking.Socially disadvantaged Canadian schoolchildren have increased asthma morbidity. Exposure to cigarette smoke appears to be one important explanation for this observation.
Port access MIDCAB: clinical experience and angiographic follow-up
Authors: A.C. Galloway, G.H. Ribakove, R.A. Esposito, J.S. Miller, R.V. Anderson, F.G. Baumann, P.M. Buttenheim, W.I. Ayala, E.A. Grossi, S.B. Colvin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Rapid Development of Nephrotic Syndrome, Hypertension, and Hemolytic Anemia Early in Pregnancy in Patients With IDDM
Authors: Ruth S Weinstock, Richard T Kopecky, David B Jones, Shiraz Sunderji
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

In recent years, the prognosis for a successful pregnancy has greatly improved for women with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who are under good glycemic control and free of complications such as vascular disease and nephropathy. We report the rapid development of severe nephrotic syndrome, malignant hypertension, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia during the first trimester of pregnancy in a 29-yr-old woman with IDDM of 18 yr duration. Our patient had no pregestational history of retinopathy or hypertension and only minimal proteinuria. Significant improvement in blood glucose levels had been achieved over the 6 mo before conception. Kidney biopsy performed before the termination of pregnancy at 10 wk gestation revealed diabetic nephropathy. No other etiology for her renal disease could be found. An arteriole was noted to have entrapped red blood cell fragments and platelet thrombi, revealing the probable source of her hemolytic process. By 8 wk postpartum, her nephrotic syndrome and hemolysis had completely resolved. At 3 mo postgestation, the patient's hypertension was still present but less severe. Her serum creatinine has continued to decrease toward normal. This is the first report of a woman with IDDM in White's classification C who developed a toxemia-like syndrome during the first trimester of pregnancy, attributable to the underlying diabetic state.
Usefulness of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I: Report of a case
Authors: T. Facon, M. Zandecki, M. T. Caulier, L. Mannessier, P. Fenaux, J. P. Jouet, F. Bauters
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract This report describes a case of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type I diagnosed in a 22‐year‐old woman with a two year history of macrocytic anemia. Light microscopy study of bone marrow disclosed only minor and nonspecific findings, without erythroid hyperplasia. Electron microscopy of bone marrow erythroblasts surprisingly showed most of the classical features of CDA type I. Electron microscopy may be an important tool for the diagnosis of macrocytic anemia of obscure origin, especially in young patients.
Mechanisms of flunarizine-induced vasodilation in the rabbit mesenteric artery.
Authors: T Itoh, S Satoh, T Ishimatsu, T Fujiwara, Y Kanmura
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The vasodilating effects of flunarizine on smooth muscle strips of rabbit mesenteric artery have been investigated and compared with those of nifedipine. Flunarizine (30-300 nM) dose-dependently inhibited Ca2+-induced contractions in Ca2+-free solution containing 100 mM K+. Double reciprocal analysis showed that this inhibition was either competitive at low concentrations (30-100 nM; nifedipine-like) or noncompetitive at high concentrations (0.3-1 microM). The latter seemed to be partly related to an inhibition of contractile proteins as estimated from Ca2+-induced contractions in saponin-treated chemically skinned muscle strips. In contrast to the actions of nifedipine, flunarizine inhibited norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions more than those induced by high K+, and at 0.3 microM, this agent totally blocked NE-induced contraction. Flunarizine also inhibited NE-induced contraction in Ca2+-free solution containing 2 mM EGTA. In Ca2+-free solution, NE rapidly hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI-P2) and produced phosphatidic acid (PA). Flunarizine (30 and 300 nM), but not nifedipine (100 nM), inhibited NE-induced hydrolysis of PI-P2 and production of PA. However, flunarizine (100 nM) did not modify the contraction induced by 10 microM inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in chemically skinned muscle strips. It is concluded that flunarizine inhibits both voltage-dependent (nifedipine-like) and receptor-operated Ca2+ influx induced by NE and also inhibits NE-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores due to inhibition of the hydrolysis of PI-P2.
Radioisotope Scanning of the Precordial Distribution of Iodide in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: DEAN T. MASON, ROBERT L. FRYE, HENRY N. WAGNER
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Precordial scanning of the distribution of radioiodine (I 131 -labeled iodide) in patients with myocardial infarction has been suggested by others as a means of delineating the infarcted area. Attempts to localize radioiodine in 14 precordial scans of 12 patients with myocardial infarction resulted in the demonstration of localized areas of radioactivity in seven scans. This collection of radioactivity was found to be within the stomach, resulting from the normal concentration of radioiodine that occurs in gastric secretions.
Involvement of COX-2 in VEGF-induced angiogenesis via P38 and JNK pathways in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: G WU, J LUO, J RANA, R LAHAM, F SELLKE, J LI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced by hypoxic stimuli and is also involved in the process of angiogenesis. We previously demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the principal factors produced by hypoxic myocytes and is responsible for the induction of COX-2 expression in endothelial cells. Yet the signaling pathways by which VEGF modulates COX-2 gene expression are still less well defined. We therefore examined the regulation of VEGF-induced COX-2 expression by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in endothelial cells.Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor, 10 microM), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor, 20 microM), and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor, 20 microM), as well as the COX-2 selective inhibitor, NS398, for 1 h before treating with VEGF (20 ng/ml). COX-2 expression induced by VEGF at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly inhibited by selective p38 and JNK inhibitors but not by the ERK1/2 inhibitor. The phosphorylation of p38 and JNK kinases was observed as early as 5 min in HUVECs after VEGF stimulation. Furthermore, the biological significance of the COX-2 gene in endothelial cells was examined by over-expressing or knocking down COX-2 gene expression. (3)H-Thymidine incorporation and Matrigel techniques were used to determine cell proliferation and vascular structure formation. VEGF-induced cell proliferation was significantly reduced when HUVECs were either pre-treated with NS398 (21.52+/-3.6%) or transfected with COX-2 siRNA (34.12+/-5.81%). In contrast, in HUVECs with over-expression of COX-2, VEGF-induced cell proliferation was increased 42.56+/-7.69%. Moreover, the formation of vascular structure assayed by Matrigel demonstrated that VEGF-induced vascular structure formation was accelerated in COX-2 over-expressing cells but attenuated in COX-2 siRNA-transfected cells.COX-2 plays an important role in VEGF-induced angiogenesis via p38 and JNK kinase activation pathways. These findings suggest that the cardioprotective role of COX-2 may be, at least in part, through its angiogenic activity.
Bone Marrow Diagnosis of Penicilliosis
Authors: K.F. Wong, D.N.C. Tsang, J.K.C. Chan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus that can infect either immunocompromised or healthy people. The infection is most likely to be seen in Asians,1,2 particularly in the setting of AIDS3,4. The diagnosis may be difficult, since the infection is sometimes mistaken for drug-resistant tuberculosis2. We report a case of penicilliosis that was diagnosed by bone marrow examination. A 26-year-old heterosexual Chinese man who was infected with the human immunodeficiency virus was evaluated for fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Examination of a peripheral-blood sample revealed a hemoglobin level of 5.2 g per deciliter, a leukocyte count . . .
Believe in better
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

People believe in lots of things: that guitar music has had its day, money, religion, beards, Marxism, capitalism, “the force,” marriage, reincarnation, evolution, and education. What we elect to believe in is peculiar to us. Beliefs are emotional and certain, branded into our souls. Beliefs are about faith, not reason or evidence. 

Even in medicine, it is health beliefs, not science, that drive much of what goes on. Yet the understanding of medicine as a belief system floats …
Recurrent intra-abdominal abscess formation due to a gastric diverticulum
Authors: C. Pietrzak, J. Leya, G. Abood, D. Yonick, N. Gupta
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Gastric diverticula are uncommon, usually asymptomatic, and typically present as a solitary diverticulum found incidentally during endoscopy [1] [2]. Occasionally, gastric diverticula cause symptoms, including pain, bloating, epigastric fullness, bleeding, and perforation. Rarely, they are associated with abscess formation [2] [3] [4]. We present a case of a gastric diverticulum complicated by recurrent intra-abdominal abscess formation, treated with drainage, antibiotics, and, ultimately, laparoscopic surgery.
Cognitive Effects After Epidural vs General Anesthesia-Reply
Authors: Pamela Williams-Russo, Nigel E. Sharrock, Mary E. Charlson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Witt raises several important issues that we took into account during the original design of our study protocol. The first issue concerns systematic differences in medications given in conjunction with the anesthetic agents in both the operative and immediate postoperative periods that could potentially affect outcome. These medications included intraoperative sedatives and postoperative analgesics. The types, routes, and quantities of these medications were systematically different between the epidural and general anesthesia groups. Thus, these other medications were cointerventions that were associated with the type of anesthesia received. We did not attempt to equalize the use of these adjunctive medications between the two anesthesia protocols for several reasons. First, we preferred to emulate customary clinical practices to ensure the generalizability of the results rather than strive for a "cleaner" comparison of the anesthetic agents alone. The use of intravenous midazolam and fentanyl for sedation is common during epidural