tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Ethanolamine and Polidocanol in the Eradication of Esophageal Varices. A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: J. Balanzó, S. Sainz, J. C. Espinós, J. Such, J. Segura, C. Guarner, X. Cussó, F. Vilardell
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

A prospective randomized trial has been undertaken to compare the efficacy of two sclerosing agents, Ethanolamine oleate (Et) and Polidocanol (Pl), in the eradication of esophageal varices (EV). Fifty consecutive cirrhotic patients, 22 in the Et and 28 in the Pl group, were included. Clinical data were comparable in both groups. Eradication of the EV was achieved in 81% (18/22) in the Et group and 64.1% (18/28) in the Pl group (p = NS). There was a significant difference in the rate of rebleeding (4 episodes in 3 patients in the Et group and 18 episodes in 13 patients in the Pl group, p less than 0.05). No differences were noted in the number of other complications or mortality. Both sclerosants have proved useful in the eradication of EV, but Et was superior to Pl in the preventation of recurrent bleeding in the course of repeated endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS).
Human lymphocytes: 5'-nucleotidase-positive and -negative subpopulations.
Authors: R Silber, M Conklyn, G Grusky, D Zucker-Franklin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The enzyme, 5'-nucleotidase (5'N) (E.C.-3.1.3.5) is present in lymphocytes isolated from the blood of normal subjects. This activity is markedly decreased or not detectable in the cells from three-quarters of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), while supranormal levels are found in less than 10% of the cases. To determine whether the decreased 5'N value in CLL represents a lower activity per cell or fewer enzyme-containing cells than in the normal, conditions were established for the histochemical measurement of 5'N in human lymphocytes. It was found that the cells isolated from the blood of normal subjects or patients with CLL consist of 5'N-positive and 5'N-negative subpopulations. Normal subjects who had high 5'N specific activity were shown to have a greater percentage of 5'N-positive cells than individuals with low 5'N activity. Patients with CLL who had no activity by standard chemical assay had no 5'N-positive cells, while the exceptional patient with CLL with a higher than normal specific activity showed an percentage of 5'N-positive cells. It is suggested that the selective proliferation of 5'N-positive and 5'N-negative populations may account for the heterogeneity of 5'N in CLL.
Abstract A9: Androgen-regulated miR-32 targets BTG2 and is overexpressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Sanni E. Jalava, Leena Latonen, Mauro Scaravilli, Kati K. Waltering, Janne Seppälä, Harri Lähdesmäki, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Tapio Visakorpi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway is central to the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We set out to identify androgen-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) that may contribute to the development of CRPC. We found miR-32 to be an androgen regulated miRNA which is differentially expressed in CRPC compared to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) according to microarray analyses. qRT-PCR analyses confirmed that miR-32 expression increases in CRPC compared to BPH, and that in untreated prostate cancer (PC) miR-32 expression is higher in tumors of stage pT3 compared to pT2. Transfection of pre-miR-32 to prostate cancer cell line LNCaP provided a significant growth advantage to the cells, and miR-32 was further demonstrated to reduce apoptosis. To identify target genes for miR-32, an mRNA microarray analysis was performed with LNCaP cells transfected with pre-miR-32. In this assay, B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) was identified as a novel putative target for miR-32. BTG2 was reduced both at mRNA and protein level in the cells transfected with pre-miR-32, and BTG2 was confirmed to be a miR-32 target by 3′-UTR-luciferase assay. Furthermore, BTG2 was able to partially rescue the growth advantage of miR-32 in LNCaP cells. Immunostainings of prostate cancer patient material showed a statistically significant (p &amp;lt; 0.0001) reduction of BTG2 protein in CRPCs compared to PC. The lack of BTG2 staining was also associated (p=0.0021) with a short progression-free time in patients who underwent prostatectomy and inversely correlated to miR-32 expression levels. In conclusion, we find that miR-32 is an androgen-regulated miRNA targeting BTG2 and overexpressed in CRPC. Thus, miR-32 is a potential marker for aggressive disease and is a putative drug target in PC. Citation Format: Sanni E. Jalava, Leena Latonen, Mauro Scaravilli, Kati K. Waltering, Janne Seppälä, Harri Lähdesmäki, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Tapio Visakorpi. Androgen-regulated miR-32 targets BTG2 and is overexpressed in castrationresistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A9.
When to start anticonvulsant treatment in childhood epilepsy: the case for avoiding or delaying treatment.
Authors: D. Mellor
Journal: BMJ (1988)

When to start anticonvulsant treatment in childhood epilepsy: the case for avoiding or delaying treatment D MellorLastly we may observe, to the great comfort and satisfaction of the parents of those children subject to convulsions, or the epilepsia infantilis, that they need not be apprehensive of its changing into the true epilepsy, for it generally disappears by degrees, as they grow older and acquire more strength.'
Irbesartan is projected to be cost and life saving in a Spanish setting for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and microalbuminuria
Authors: Andrew J. Palmer, Lieven Annemans, Stéphane Roze, Pablo Lapuerta, Roland Chen, Sylvie Gabriel, Paulo Carita, Roger A. Rodby, Dick de Zeeuw, Hans-Henrik Parving, Fernando De Alvaro
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
The Immortal Baron
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Baron Munchausen died in 1797. Those who know where he lies buried and are privileged to live nearby should not be surprised if they hear him turn in his grave every time his name is mentioned eponymously. After all, what does the imaginative teller of tall tales, the great exaggerator of his daring feats have in common with a patient (elsewhere in this issue p 89) who exhibits kidney stones and bloody urine so as to beguile the physician into manipulative diagnostic or surgical procedures? The baron's aim was to amuse, to startle, or to impress, never to cheat. What motivates a Munchausenian? What prompts him to wander from hospital to hospital, from city to city, simulating serious illness? Is it the need to be the center of attention? A wish to outwit the doctor and the hospital? A masochistic craving for punishment? Perhaps all these motives play a part,
Israel extends the right to use a surrogate to gay and single people
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The expert fertility committee that allowed married couples in Israel to commission a surrogate to have a baby for them 15 years ago has proposed extending the regulations to allow homosexual couples and single people to benefit from similar arrangements.

The 13 member committee, which deliberated over the changes for 18 months, is headed by Shlomo Mor-Yosef, a gynaecologist by training and currently head of the National Insurance Institute, who is a former director general of the Hadassah …
Porcine factor VIII and plasmapheresis in the management of hemophiliac patients with inhibitors
Authors: Robert D. Bona, Dominick N. Pasquale, Robert I. Kalish, Barbara A. Witter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Management of hemophiliac patients with inhibitors can be a difficult problem. We report here a patient with severe hemophilia A, a high titer inhibitor, and an abdominal abscess requiring surgery. Despite significant cross reactivity of the inhibitor with porcine FVIII, he was successfully managed with plasmapheresis and porcine FVIII infusions. Other approaches to the management of such patients are briefly reviewed.
IL-5 receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of SH2/SH3-containing proteins and activation of Bruton's tyrosine and Janus 2 kinases.
Authors: S Sato, T Katagiri, S Takaki, Y Kikuchi, Y Hitoshi, S Yonehara, S Tsukada, D Kitamura, T Watanabe, O Witte, K Takatsu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Interleukin 5 (IL-5) induces proliferation and differentiation of B cells and eosinophils by interacting with its receptor (IL-5R) which consists of two distinct polypeptide chains, alpha and beta (beta c). Although both IL-5R alpha and beta c lack a kinase catalytic domain, IL-5 is capable of inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. We investigated the role of IL-5R alpha in tyrosine phosphorylation of molecules involved in IL-5 signal transduction, using an IL-5-dependent early B cell line, Y16 and transfectants expressing intact or mutant IL-5R alpha together with intact beta c. The results revealed that the transfectants expressing truncated IL-5R alpha, which entirely lacks a cytoplasmic domain, together with beta c, showed neither protein-tyrosine phosphorylation nor proliferation in response to IL-5. This confirms that IL-5R alpha plays a critical role in protein-tyrosine phosphorylation which triggers cell growth. IL-5 stimulation results in rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of beta c and proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) and/or SH3 domains such as phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase, Shc, Vav, and HS1, suggesting their involvement in IL-5-mediated signal transduction. IL-5 stimulation significantly enhanced activities of Janus 2 and B cell-specific Bruton's tyrosine kinases (JAK2 and Btk) and increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 kinase. These results and recent data on signaling of growth factors taken together, multiple biochemical pathways driven by tyrosine kinases such as JAK2 and Btk are involved in IL-5 signal transduction.
Cancer Risk Assessment at the Atomic Level
Authors: Alvaro N.A. Monteiro, Fergus J. Couch
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract A flurry of articles on the structure of different domains of BRCA1 and BRCA2 have not only shed light on the biology of these proteins but have also raised hopes that these data could eventually be used to infer cancer association for a large number of inherited missense mutations whose effect on protein function is unclear. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 1897-9)
485 The improved therapeutic effects of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B offset against its increased cost compared to lamivudine
Authors: M. Buti, M.A. Casado, J.L. Calleja, J. Salmeron, J.A. Guilar, M. Rueda, R. Esteban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Quantitative evaluation of genomic instability as a possible predictor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of loss of heterozygosity and replication error
Authors: Hirokazu Kawai, Takeshi Suda, Yutaka Aoyagi, Osamu Isokawa, Yusaku Mita, Nobuo Waguri, Takashi Kuroiwa, Masato Igarashi, Kazuhiro Tsukada, Shigeki Mori, Takeaki Shimizu, Yasufumi Suzuki, Yoichi Abe, Toru Takahashi, Minoru Nomoto, Hitoshi Asakura
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Both loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and replication error (RER) are considered to be phenotypes of genomic instability. To unveil the role of the genomic instability in hepatocarcinogenesis, frequencies of LOH and RER were simultaneously determined in 15 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), surrounding nontumorous liver tissues (SL), and 13 liver tissues with chronic viral hepatitis void of cancer (NC) by referencing peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from the corresponding donor using 18 microsatellite markers spread throughout the genome. LOH was significantly frequent in HCC compared with that in SL or NC ( P = .005, P = .0003, respectively) and observed preferentially at particular microsatellite loci, D1S204, D2S123, D8S1106, D9S266, D16S748, and D19S601. Although the higher prevalence of RER was also significant in HCC compared with that in NC ( P = .03), in most cases the errors were detected at very low frequencies and random loci. Both LOH and RER tended to appear more prevalently in SL than in NC. The occurrence rate of LOH was higher in the tissues associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) than with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection especially in HCC ( P = .03). When referencing SL instead of PBLs, the prevalence of LOH and RER in HCC significantly decreased ( P = .02 and P = .03, respectively). These results suggest that LOH is closely associated with multistep hepatocarcinogenesis especially under HBV infection, but RER is imperceptibly associated. The quantitative evaluation of the frequency of LOH by referencing PBLs may be a useful predictor for HCC development in chronic liver diseases.
The Doctor in the Witness-box
Authors: V. Simon
Journal: BMJ (1953)

I feel greatly honoured by being invited to deliver the annual Cavendish Lecture to the West London Medico- Chirurgical Society, and I am much interested in the reason why the lecture is so called.Like the splendid Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge, to which the developments of modern science, including radar and nuclear physics, owe so much, and which is glorified by the names of Kelvin and Clerk-Maxwell and Ruther- ford and J. J. Thomson, its title serves to commemorate that remarkable man of science Henry Cavendish- " natural philosopher," as he was called in the early days of the Royal Society-whose discoveries in chemistry and physics in the eighteenth century rank so high.The West London Hospital was built near his house, where he pursued his studies-a lonely and retiring bachelor, who accumulated and left in his will over a million pounds, and who avoided all companionship, ordering his dinner by a note left on his hall table, while his female domestic servants had orders to keep out of his sight, on pain of instant dismissal.He was a member of the Royal Society, and communicated to that learned body the results of his investigations, including the famous " Cavendish experiment," which measured the pull of gravity and helped to determine the density of the globe.A former Lord Chancellor, the omniscient Lord Brougham, who desired to show himself in his old age a man of science and an author no less than a lawyer, in his Sketches of Statesmen and Philosophers describes how he met Cavendish at meetings of the Royal Society, how Cavendish avoided all conversation, and how " he probably uttered fewer words in the course of his life than any man who ever lived to four-score years "-a record of non-volubility worthy of a Trappist monk, which neither Lord Brougham nor any subsequent octogenarian ex-Lord Chancellor can claim to have equalled.When a former Duke of Devonshire, him- self the head of the Cavendish family, was the first President of the West London Hospital, he urged that something should be done to associate Henry Caven- dish's name with the hospital, and this lecture is one of the results.Reflecting on the task of preparing this lecture and on the situations when law and medicine meet one another, I have chosen as the title of my discourse " The Doctor in the Witness-box," and I propose to make a few *The Cavendish Lecture given before the West London Medico- Chirurgical Society on May 11.
COSTS OF PERIPROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: RESULTS FROM THE PARTNER TRIAL
Authors: Suzanne Arnold, Yang Lei, Matthew Reynolds, Elizabeth Magnuson, Rakesh Suri, E. Murat Tuzcu, John Petersen, Pamela Douglas, Lars Svensson, Hemal Gada, Vinod Thourani, Susheel Kodali, Michael Mack, Martin Leon, David Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Application of a Vasculature Model and Standardization of the Renal Hilar Approach in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Precise Segmental Artery Clamping
Authors: Pengfei Shao, Lijun Tang, Pu Li, Yi Xu, Chao Qin, Qiang Cao, Xiaobing Ju, Xiaoxin Meng, Qiang Lv, Jie Li, Wei Zhang, Changjun Yin
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Good evidence supports use of ACE inhibitors in stable ischemic heart disease; little evidence exists for ARBs
Authors: Vibhuti Singh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Baker WL, Coleman CI, Kluger J, et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II-receptor blockers for ischemic heart disease. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:861−71. 19843530
Fibrosarcoma of Bronchus
Authors: L. J. Temple, C. Aligazakis
Journal: BMJ (1954)

The "Artificial Wrist"I (Intentional Pseudoarthrosis in Colles's Fracture)Non-union very rarely occurs in Colles's fracture.Watson-Jones (1941) and Hamada (1944) each reported a case.In both cases non-union presented a problem for which a suit- able answer had to be sought.In the first case non-union occurred after a simple comminuted fracture which could not be properly immobilized; the second case was an old septic compound fracture.In managing both these cases the aim was naturally to establish union (Nation'al Research Council, 1943).The following case is presented to show that non-union is not always an evil, but may, on the contrary, be very desirable. CASE REPORTIn 1947 a 28-year-old man, while trying to start a car, held the handle with both hands.After a few turns the engine started, but he could not take the handle away quickly I li(, I(,
Update in Hospital Medicine
Authors: Todd Painton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters7 October 2003Update in Hospital MedicineTodd Painton, MDTodd Painton, MDFrom Appleton Medical Center; Appleton, WI 54911.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-7-200310070-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Regarding the section on avoiding femoral line placement in Flansbaum and Huddleston's Update in hospital medicine (1), am I the only one who sees the folly of leaving a femoral line in place for more than 4 days? In the study reviewed (2), femoral lines were used for an average of 9.3 days!I argue that in the short run a femoral line is far safer than a subclavian line. The complications associated with femoral lines all occur after 72 hours. Line infections are rare in this time window. If short-term access is needed, it makes more ...References1. Flansbaum BE, Huddleston JM. Update in hospital medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:814-22. [PMID: 12435218] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Merrer J, De Jonghe B, Golliot F, Lefrant JY, Raffy B, Barre E, . Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized, controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;286:700-7. [PMID: 11495620] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Appleton Medical Center; Appleton, WI 54911. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUpdate in Hospital Medicine Bradley E. Flansbaum and Jeanne M. Huddleston Update in Hospital Medicine Bradley E. Flansbaum and Jeanne M. Huddleston Metrics 7 October 2003Volume 139, Issue 7Page: 602-603KeywordsHospital medicineVeins ePublished: 7 October 2003 Issue Published: 7 October 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Os Vesalianum Pedis Detected With Bone SPECT/CT
Authors: Myoung Hyoun Kim, Woo Hyoung Kim, Chang Guhn Kim, Dae-Weung Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We present an 18-year-old man with pain at the lateral aspect of his left foot. Radiograph showed abnormal ossicle in the proximal aspect of the left fifth metatarsal tuberosity, which was articulated with the fifth metatarsal and cuboid bones. Bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT demonstrated increased uptakes at the ossicles in the proximal aspect of both fifth metatarsal bones. CT revealed that the ossicle and the adjacent bones have well-corticated margins. The diagnosis was os vesalianum, a rare accessory bone of the foot. We have reported the SPECT/CT bone scan findings of the os vesalianum.
Acute appendicitis: Weighing up risks and benefits of investigations and treatments
Authors: Sanjay Purkayastha, Sudipta Purkayastha, Paraskeva Paraskevas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Last year Hern et al published an editorial on knife crime and clearly the problem has not gone away. 1 A quick search of the Times website finds 90 hits on the single search term "stabbing" in the past three months alone.Several recent deaths have fuelled the perception that forensic knife injuries have become an epidemic, resulting in a knife amnesty and government discussion of new punitive measures.An increase in such injuries is supported by data from regional police forces and the Home Office, with 1200 reported attacks in London last year and 30% of homicides caused by knife injury. 2 Crimes defined as "more serious wounding or other act endangering life" almost doubled nationally from 1995 to 2005. 3 We audited forensic knife injuries at this hospital, one of Europe's busiest emergency departments, to establish the size of this problem in a representative urban area (east London).We extracted data on forensic knife injuries (excluding deliberate self harm) from a detailed prospectively recorded database of all trauma calls from July 2004 to June 2006 (these reflecting more severe injuries).Overall there were 309 forensic knife injuries; 259 patients were admitted, 184 were operated on, and eight died.The chest was the most common area injured (183/309 patients, 6/8 deaths).Most patients were men (297/309), and mean age was 28 (range 15-74).To give a measure of changing incidence over a longer time of a greater range of severity of injury, we also performed an audit of all cases coded as "stabbing" on the patient administration system during the 10 year period from July 1997 to June 2006 (figure).Over both periods, the data show an increase in the overall incidence of stabbings.Furthermore, increased need for surgical intervention in the prospective study may reflect increasing severity of injury.These data therefore seem to support the general perception that knife injuries are increasing.
Intracaval endovascular ultrasonography for preoperative assessment of retrohepatic inferior vena cava infiltration by malignant hepatic tumors
Authors: T Kaneko
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The accurate diagnosis of inferior vena cava infiltration is important not only for preoperative staging but also for performing surgery for hepatic tumor involving the inferior vena cava (IVC). We investigated the diagnostic value of intracaval endovascular ultrasonography (ICEUS) in the diagnosis of invasion of the IVC by a prospective study of 30 consecutive patients with hepatic tumors with possible invasion of the IVC. The procedure was performed using an 8F, 20-MHz intravascular ultrasonography (US) from the right femoral vein. Twenty-nine of the 30 patients underwent surgery, and the tumor was resected in 25 cases, including 3 cases of combined resection of the IVC. The diagnostic criterion for IVC infiltration with ICEUS was obliteration of a single echogenic layer of the IVC wall or intracaval tumor mass. The results of ICEUS were compared with those of computed tomography (CT), cavography, conventional US, and intraoperative US. Vascular invasion was identified in 7 of 30 cases and was subsequently confirmed by pathological examination of four resected specimens, including one autopsy and two operative findings. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of ICEUS for the diagnosis of the IVC invasion was 100%, 95.8%, and 96.7%, respectively, against 85.7%, 60.8%, and 66.7% for CT, and 71.4%, 73.9%, and 73.3%, respectively, for cavography. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of conventional US was 87.5%, 59%, and 66.7%, respectively; those of intraoperative US were 100%, 81.8%, and 86.2%, respectively. ICEUS is a useful technique that can precisely evaluate the IVC for possible hepatic tumor invasion.