tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Gallbladder Polyps
Authors: F. Warren Nugent
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE DECISION regarding the proper treatment when a radiologic diagnosis of polyp of the gallbladder is made has been difficult and controversial. The difficulty is emphasized if the polyp is the only objective abnormality in a patient who has either nonspecific or no gastrointestinal complaints. The answers to 3 questions would greatly simplify the problem. First, what is the pathologic nature of such a polyp? Second, does the lesion produce symptoms? Third, is the lesion ever precancerous or cancer?  There has been considerable confusion in the medical literature concerning polyps of the gallbladder because of the frequent implication that the term polyp is synonymous with papilloma or with adenoma. A polyp may be defined as a tumor or a tumorlike projection arising from a mucosal surface. The filling defect diagnosed radiologically as a polyp may, therefore, be a true neoplasm but it may also be a non-neoplastic mass, such
Expanding the Orbit of Primary Prevention — Moving beyond JUPITER
Authors: Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The aphorism "prevention is better than cure" makes perfect sense when applied to healthy habits such as following a sensible diet, maintaining an ideal body weight, exercising regularly, and not smoking. But increasingly, prevention of cardiovascular disease includes drug therapy, particularly statins to lower cholesterol levels. Statins were first tested in subjects at high risk for coronary events, and the limits of treatment have subsequently been expanded to include persons at progressively lower risk.1 The results of the Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00239681), reported by Ridker et . . .
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR AWARENESS AMONG RECENT IMMIGRANTS: A POPULATION BASED STUDY
Authors: Kenneth Kevin Quadros, Eric Coomes, Ravi R. Bajaj, Laura R. Finken, Waseem Sharieff, Akshay Bagai, Nadya B. Mehdi, Asim N. Cheema
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Renal Functional Recovery Following Anuria Secondary to Renal Artery Embolism
Authors: Albert N. Brest, Robert Bower, Charles Heider
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ANURIA secondary to renal artery embolism is encountered infrequently. Nonetheless it is important to recognize this complication promptly since it is a potentially reversible form of renal failure, assuming that successful surgical intervention can be achieved before irreversible renal damage has occurred. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of anuria secondary to renal artery embolism and to discuss the renal functional response which followed embolectomy. The case is of particular interest because of the lapse of more than four days between onset of anuria and subsequent renal revascularization. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 73-year-old white male was admitted to Hahnemann Hospital on Feb 6, 1963, for treatment of anuria of four days' duration. Left nephrectomy was performed in 1958 because of renal calculi and pyelonephritis. During the two years prior to his present hospital admission, he suffered from chronic atrial fibrillation and intermittent congestive heart failure.
College issues guidance to identify substance misuse among older people
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The Royal College of Psychiatrists is urging GPs to incorporate screening for alcohol and substance misuse into general health assessments of people aged over 60. The college has published a new guideline that aims to reduce the threat of alcohol related brain damage to older people and the high rate of suicide in this age group.1

Alcohol misuse is linked …
PTU-141 Campylobacter Concisus Colonisation and Oncogenic Marker Expression in Barrett’S Oesophagus
Authors: B Ho, S Siddhi, K L Blackett, S E Bray, S V Walsh, J F Dillon
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> <i>Campylobacter concisus</i> has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal diseases. <i>In vitro</i> studies have shown that these bacteria can induce apoptosis in epithelial cells and their presence may induce altered expression of genes. Our group has reported that <i>C. concisus</i> was isolated from the Barrett’s mucosa in 57% of affected patients but was not identified in normal oesophagogastric mucosa. From this series of cases of known <i>C concisus</i> status we have examined the expression of a range of molecular markers associated with cancer development to correlate their pattern of expression with the presence of <i>C. concisus.</i> The aim of this study was to investigate whether <i>C concisus</i> may contribute to malignant progression of BO, the major risk factor for the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA). <h3>Methods</h3> Tissue microarrays (TMA) were prepared from samples of BO (n = 92), severe dysplasia (n = 39) and OA (n = 64). Paired biopsies were collected from a separate patient cohort with BO and formalin-fixed or used for Taqman PCR to determine <i>C. concisus</i> colonisation status (14 colonised and 13 uncolonised). The TMAs and BO slides were immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67, phospho-p53 Ser 15 and COX-2. Slides were semi-quantitatively scored 0–3 according to staining intensity of COX-2 and Ki-67. For phospho-p53, intensity of staining and percentage of glands stained were scored to derive a multiplicative phospho-p53 score. All slides were scored by a single blinded observer. Median scores were used in statistical testing, with p &lt; 0.05 considered as significant. Results are presented in mean ± SEM unless stated otherwise. <h3>Results</h3> Patient characteristics were similar between TMA samples [median age 70(24–91), 69.7% males] and the <i>C. concisus</i> BO cohort [median age 62(41–84), 66.7% males]. TMA staining patterns of Ki-67, phospho-p53 and COX-2 changed significantly from BO to OA, which is consistent with widely published results in the literature. This validates our method of scoring and staining. <i>C. concisus</i> colonised and uncolonised BO did not significantly differ in expression of Ki-67 (1.79 ± 0.21 vs. 1.92 ± 0.24) or phospho-p53 (0.15 ± 0.10 vs. 0.50 ± 0.25). However, <i>C. concisus</i> colonised BO (n = 8) was associated with lower expression of COX-2 compared to uncolonised BO (n = 13), after the exclusion of samples from patients taking NSAIDs from the analysis (1.13 ± 0.13 vs. 1.69 ± 0.17, p = 0.0371). <h3>Conclusion</h3> <i>C. concisus</i> status in BO was not associated with altered expression of phospho-p53 or Ki-67. However, the presence of <i>C. concisus</i> was associated with reduced COX-2 expression raising the possibility that the bacteria may induce a phenotype protective against the development of OA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Quels facteurs influencent les résultats de la capsule endoscopique (CE) chez les malades avec hémorragie gastrointestinale d'origine obscure (HGIO)?
Authors: D Garcia-Compean, R Flores-Rendon, C Marrufo, D de Leon, JA Gonzalez-Gonzalez, H Maldonado
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: La rentabilité diagnostique de la CE est de 30 a 82%. L'ampleur de ces chiffres peut être due à l'utilisation de critères très hétérogènes pour l'indication de cet examen. Notre but a été d'identifier les facteurs qui ont influencé les résultats chez les malades ayant HGIO chez lesquels nous avons réalisé un examen par CE.
Graduate Medical Education, 2007-2008
Authors: Sarah E. Brotherton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anti-IgE activated conjunctival mast cells mediate upregulation of eosinophil adhesion to conjunctival epithelial cells and eosinophil degranulation
Authors: Ellen B Cook, James L Stahl, Julie B Sedgwick, Kristyn J Jansen, Hirohito Kita, Frank M Graziano, Neal P Barney
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Reply to both letters:
Authors: Doris B. Strader, Teresa L. Wright, David L. Thomas, Leonard B. Seeff
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

We agree with Dr. Liu and coworkers that coinfection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV; identified by both hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) constitutes another important patient group and that pegylated interferon alfa may be beneficial for both infections. We clearly recognized the existence and implications of this dual infection but did not include it in our list of special populations for several reasons: This form of coinfection is relatively uncommon in the United States; serologic indicators of coinfection that define more rapid progression of liver disease are not well formulated; and optimal treatment regimens, including drug dose and treatment duration, are yet to be well established. Accordingly, we eagerly await the results of randomized, controlled studies, such as the one conducted by Dr. Liu and coworkers, to define optimum care for HBV/HCV coinfected persons. We agree also with Dr. Prati and colleagues that the clinical significance and optimal definition of persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (PNALT) levels remain inadequately defined. Clearly, the separation of persons based on ALT levels may be modified by the number and frequency of such determinations. Although prolonged observation will likely "tighten" the definition of PNALT, making populations that meet this definition more uniform, studies conducted to determine natural history and treatment response in this population have used differing durations of normal ALT in the definition.1 Furthermore, what is considered a "normal" value varies according to body mass index, gender, race, and age.2, 3 These definitional uncertainties accounted for our recommendation that treatment decisions should be predicated chiefly on factors other than ALT: "Regardless of the serum aminotransferase levels, the decision to initiate therapy with interferon and ribavirin should be individualized based on the severity of the liver disease by liver biopsy, the potential of serious side effects, the likelihood of response, and the presence of comorbid conditions."4 Because treatment responses are good and the natural history appears to be progressive at least in some patients with PNALT, treatment should be offered to those with existing evidence of liver injury who are presumably at risk for progression. Doris B. Strader M.D.*, Teresa L. Wright M.D. , David L. Thomas M.D., M.P.H.?, Leonard B. Seeff M.D.?, * Fletcher Allen Health Care University of Vermont College of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, ? Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, ? National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
OC-054 Hepatic Expression of CCl25 Mediates Recruitment of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Limit Liver Injury
Authors: D Reid, V Lai, C Weston, T Vo, M Peters, D Adams, B Eksteen
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is an incurable chronic immune mediated biliary disease that occurs in individuals with IBD. We have previously reported aberrant expression of the gut chemokine, CCL25 in the human PSC liver and the recruitment of CCR9 expressing gut derived T cells. In order to gain further insights into the consequences of aberrant CCL25 expression in the liver in PSC, we induced CCL25 in the murine liver and assessed biliary inflammation in-vivo. <h3>Methods</h3> To clarify the functional role of CCL25 expression in the liver, we generated a murine liver specific knock-in of CCL25 expression and tested the effects on immune mediated cholangitis using the Ova-Bil model of antigen driven biliary injury. Immune cell phenotyping and isolation were performed using flow cytometry. Liver injury was assessed by ALT measurements and histopathology. pDC function was assessed ex-vivo in co-culture with naive transgenic TCR T cells <h3>Results</h3> Ova-Bil x CCL25KI mice developed significantly less liver injury than <i>wt</i> Ova-Bil controls. Flow cytometry revealed increased numbers of CCR9+ pDCA-1+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in the Ova-Bil x CCL25KI livers. CCR9-/- x Ova-Bil mice developed significantly worse liver injury compared to <i>wt</i> Ova-Bil controls and severely lacked pDCs in the liver. Adoptive transfer of <i>wt</i> pDCs to CCR9-/- x Ova-Bil mice rescued the phenotype and reduced the degree of liver injury comparable to <i>wt</i> Ova-Bil controls. In vitro studies demonstrated the ability of liver-derived pDCs to induce regulatory T cells in a retinoic acid dependent manner as a possible mechanism by which CCR9+ pDCs are able to control liver injury. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Aberrant expression of CCL25 in the liver enhances recruitment of CCR9+ pDCs and appears to be an attempt to limit the extent of hepatic inflammation in PSC. Regulatory effects of CCR9+ pDCs appears to be at least in part mediated through the expansion of hepatic regulatory T cells. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>Reference</h3> Eksteen B, Grant AJ, Miles A, <i>et al.</i> Hepatic endothelial CCL25 mediates the recruitment of CCR9+ gut-homing lymphocytes to the liver in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J.Exp.Med. 2004; 200:1511–1517.
Selection of Personalized Patient Therapy through the Use of Knowledge-Based Computational Models That Identify Tumor-Driving Signal Transduction Pathways
Authors: Wim Verhaegh, Henk van Ooijen, Márcia A. Inda, Pantelis Hatzis, Rogier Versteeg, Marcel Smid, John Martens, John Foekens, Paul van de Wiel, Hans Clevers, Anja van de Stolpe
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Increasing knowledge about signal transduction pathways as drivers of cancer growth has elicited the development of "targeted drugs," which inhibit aberrant signaling pathways. They require a companion diagnostic test that identifies the tumor-driving pathway; however, currently available tests like estrogen receptor (ER) protein expression for hormonal treatment of breast cancer do not reliably predict therapy response, at least in part because they do not adequately assess functional pathway activity. We describe a novel approach to predict signaling pathway activity based on knowledge-based Bayesian computational models, which interpret quantitative transcriptome data as the functional output of an active signaling pathway, by using expression levels of transcriptional target genes. Following calibration on only a small number of cell lines or cohorts of patient data, they provide a reliable assessment of signaling pathway activity in tumors of different tissue origin. As proof of principle, models for the canonical Wnt and ER pathways are presented, including initial clinical validation on independent datasets from various cancer types.
Retroperitoneal Bleeding and Hemodialysis
Authors: HARI K. BHASIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1977Retroperitoneal Bleeding and HemodialysisHARI K. BHASIN, M.D., CLARE L. DANA, M.D.HARI K. BHASIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CLARE L. DANA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-1-117_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We have read "Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Bleeding in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis" by Milutinovich, Follette, and Scribner (Ann Intern Med86:189-192, 1977) with interest. The statement made by the authors on page 191 that "there have been no reports of spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment" is incorrect. Vanichakornkul and co-workers (1) have reported this relatively rare complication associated with hemodialysis. Our similar experience with this complication of hemodialysis will be reported in the near future. In the differential diagnosis of spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding, one should also consider spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage as reported by Tsai...References1. VANICHAKORNKULCIOFFIHARPER SRE: Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma, a complication of hemodilysis. JAMA 230:1164-1165, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. TSAISHIMIZU SA: Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in patients on hemodialysis. Urology 5:523-525, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Nephrology Veterans Administration Hospital Brown University Providence, RI 02908 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDifference of the Chemical Components and the Characteristics of New Shoots of Tea Plant in the Areas in Kanagawa Prefecture 1 July 1977Volume 87, Issue 1Page: 117-117KeywordsForecastingHemorrhage Issue Published: 1 July 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fibroblast-Derived CCL2 Induces Cancer Stem Cells—Letter
Authors: Gurcan Gunaydin, Yusuf Dolen, S. Altug Kesikli
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Tsuyada and colleagues ([1][1]) investigated the effects of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) on cancer stem cells (CSC). In contrast to a number of previous studies that focused only on the intrinsic factors, this study is very unique as it characterizes the factors within the tumor
Eye markers of cardiovascular disease
Authors: A. B. Fernandez, P. D. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Recent evidence shows that many molecules of the TNF family serve as counter-receptors, inducing costimulation through reverse signals in addition to delivering signals through their respective TNF receptors. In this review, we will discuss this new class of costimulators with a focus on the mechanism of costimulation transduced by reverse signaling through Fas ligand.
Lyme Disease Serology
Authors: Gary P. Wormser, Maria E. Aguero-Rosenfeld, Robert B. Nadelman
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Protection afforded by cycle helmets
Authors: R. Keatinge, R. Parry
Journal: BMJ (1994)

cholesterolaemia is found and the decision is made to measure the low density lipoprotem cholesterol concentration.Many laboratories use an indirect measurement of this which requires knowledge of the triglyceride concentration.Consistent evidence that triglycerides have an important independent role in the prevention of coronary heart disease, however, remains elusive; calls for triglyceride testing must appeal to faith rather than established fact.
Faster delivery of drugs to heart attack patients cuts mortality
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The NHS in England and Wales is the best healthcare system in the world for people who have had heart attacks, states the fifth annual report of the myocardial infarction national audit project.

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The level of care for such patients is unequalled, says the report. It gathered data from all hospitals and ambulance services in England and Wales that cared for patients with suspected heart attack in 2005-6.

More lives are being saved now, and there has been a decrease in the number of deaths from heart attack, says the …

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AIDS activists arrested in India
Authors: R. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Health activists in India are outraged over the arrests of 11 AIDS activists belonging to the nongovernmental organization (NGO) Sahyog. These AIDS activists were charged with obscenity and rioting. Rioting broke out when the local print media published details of a report entitled ¿AIDS and Us¿ that was produced by Sahyog in Hindi. The report tackled prevalent sexual practices, very low level of awareness, and other risk factors related to contracting HIV infection or developing AIDS in the rural areas of the Almora district. Critics charged the activists with destroying the image of the people of the region, portraying them as promiscuous and practicing high-risk sexual behavior. Consequently, Sahyog issued a statement of apology and promised to withdraw the report, but the district administration still banned their work in the area. Several NGOs also feel that the presentation of the report should have been more cautious.