tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Iron Fortification and Malaria Risk in Children
Authors: Andrew M. Prentice, Hans Verhoef, Carla Cerami
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Iron deficiency, with its consequent effects on anemia, immune function, cognitive development, and physical capacity, is estimated to be one of the most prevalent nutritional problems worldwide. 1Yet iron is the second most abundant element on the earth's crust.How can this be?The answer is an intriguing one that has important implications for the understanding of iron biology and may point toward safer ways of administering iron.In brief, the useful oxidoreductive characteristics of iron have made it the element of choice in many biochemical pathways for both the human host and its legions of pathogens, leading to a highly evolved metabolic competition for this element.
Do antimicrobials increase the carriage rate of penicillin resistant pneumococci in children? Cross sectional prevalence study
Authors: V. A Arason, K. G Kristinsson, J. A Sigurdsson, G. Stefansdottir, S. Molstad, S. Gudmundsson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To study the correlation of antimicrobial consumption with the carriage rate of penicillin resistant and multiresistant pneumococci in children.Cross sectional and analytical prevalence study.Five different communities in Iceland.Prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of penicillin resistant pneumococci in children aged under 7 years in relation to antibiotic use as determined by information from parents, patient's records, and total sales of antimicrobials from local pharmacies in four study areas.Total antimicrobial sales for children (6223 prescriptions) among the four areas for which data were available ranged from 9.6 to 23.2 defined daily doses per 1000 children daily (1.1 to 2.6 courses yearly per child). Children under 2 consumed twice as much as 2-6 year olds (20.5 v 10.9 defined daily doses per 1000 children daily). Nasopharyngeal specimens were obtained from 919 children, representing 15-38% of the peer population groups in the different areas. Pneumococci were carried by 484 (52.7%) of the children, 47 (9.7%) of the isolates being resistant to penicillin or multiresistant. By multivariate analysis age (< 2 years), area (highest antimicrobial consumption), and individual use of antimicrobials significantly influenced the odds of carrying penicillin resistant pneumococci. By univariate analysis, recent antimicrobial use (two to seven weeks) and use of co-trimoxazole were also significantly associated with carriage of penicillin resistant pneumococci.Antimicrobial use, with regard to both individual use and total antimicrobial consumption in the community, is strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carriage of penicillin resistant pneumococci in children. Control measures to reduce the prevalence of penicillin resistant pneumococci should include reducing the use of antimicrobials in community health care.
CCR4 drives ATLL jail break
Authors: Kevin M. Shannon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

The Journal of Experimental Medicine Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and is commonly thought of as a disease resulting from the cyclic infection and destruction of red blood cells.However, a subset of infected individuals will develop "cerebral malaria"-a pathogenic neuroinflammation, presumably caused by parasitized red blood cells sequestering in the brain.Those affected, usually children under the age of five, can die or suffer permanent cognitive impairment long after successful treatment of infection.The exact causes of cerebral malaria are poorly understood, but mouse models of experimental cerebral malaria have identified CD8 + T cells as key players in the development of this debilitating condition.In this issue, Kennedy et al. used an unbiased genome-wide screen of ENU-mutagenized mice to identify a novel gene, Ccdc88b, that influences T cell activation and function and that is associated with resistance to cerebral malaria following infection with the mouse malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei.They found Ccdc88b to be expressed in T cells and myeloid cells.T cells from Ccdc88b / knockout mice were impaired in their ability to become activated and to secrete effector cytokines in response to stimulation via their T cell receptor.Importantly, unlike T cells from wild-type mice, adoptive transfer of T cells from knockout mice did not confer cerebral malaria to recipient mice.With over 300 million malaria infections each year, cerebral malaria causes substantial mortality.Understanding the molecular and cellular etiology of cerebral malaria will lead to better identification and treatment of those most at risk.Furthermore, CD8 + T cells have a duplicitous role in malaria infection-both helping to clear the parasite from the liver and blood and in orchestrating the damaging neuroinflammation seen in cerebral malaria.Understanding the events leading to a pathogenic T cell response could also help inform the design of malaria vaccines that eliminate, but do not exacerbate, disease.The authors' work also extends beyond models of malaria, as a region in the human genome that contains Ccdc88b has been implicated in autoimmune disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn's disease.This further supports the idea that Ccdc88b is a novel and important regulator of immune function.It will be fascinating to confirm the role of Ccdc88b in other immune disease models and to determine whether this pathway could be manipulated to quell overzealous T cells in malaria pathogenesis and beyond.
A Program for Rural Health Development
Authors: Merlin K. DuVal
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The past year has highlighted an increased concern for effective health care delivery and improved consumer health education. Encompassing both areas are the problems of health manpower shortage and, of great urgency to the future of rural health, the problems of distribution. If workable solutions are to be provided, the inadequacies of the interwoven social, economic, and health care delivery systems must be dealt with. To illustrate, I tell the story of Rappahannock County, Virginia, which received publicity recently because it was facing a critical health shortage. The third county in Virginia to lose its last physician, it had been inadequately served for at least three years. Efforts to provide these services had gotten nowhere, and physicians in nearby counties were already laboring under heavy caseloads. The dental care situation was no less severe—the local public health nurse reported that the county has had no dentist for at least two
1022-80 Safety and feasibility of paclitaxel-eluting stents in the treatment of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Andrew T.L Ong, Pedro A Lemos, Angela Hoye, Chourmouzios A Arampatzis, Francesco Saia, Jiro Aoki, Carlos van Mieghem, Sjoerd H Hofma, Pieter C Smits, Willem J van der Giessen, Georgios Sianos, Eugene McFadden, Pim de Feyter, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Hepatocyte growth factor induces hepatocyte proliferationin vivo and allows for efficient retroviral-mediated gene transfer in mice
Authors: Gijsbert A. Patijn, Andre Lieber, David B. Schowalter, Ralph Schwall, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Recombinant retroviral vectors are an attractive means of transferring genes into the liver because they integrate into the host cell genome and result in permanent gene expression. However, efficient in vivo gene transfer is limited by the requirement of active cell division for integration. Traditional approaches to induce liver proliferation have the disadvantage of inducing hepatocellular injury by delivery of toxins or by surgical partial hepatectomy. As a nontraumatic alternative, we show that exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a powerful and safe mitogen for the mature intact murine liver when delivered continuously into the portal vein. A 5-day infusion of human HGF (5 mg/kg/d) resulted in &gt;140% increase in relative liver mass, which returned to normal in 4 to 5 weeks. This clearly shows that an exogenous growth factor can induce robust liver proliferation in vivo. In addition, we show that the HGF-induced proliferation was independent of interleukin-6, an essential cytokine involved in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. When recombinant retroviral vectors were infused in combination with HGF, 30% of hepatocytes were stably transduced with no indication of hepatic injury or histopathology. These results show the ability to obtain a clinically relevant transduction efficiency with retroviral vectors in vivo without the prior induction of liver injury. The level of hepatic gene transfer achieved has the potential to be curative for a large number of genetic liver diseases.
Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: beyond reduced repolarization reserve
Authors: Zhilin Qu, Lai-Hua Xie, Riccardo Olcese, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen, Alan Garfinkel, James N. Weiss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are secondary voltage depolarizations during the repolarizing phase of the action potential, which can cause lethal cardiac arrhythmias. The occurrence of EADs requires a reduction in outward current and/or an increase in inward current, a condition called reduced repolarization reserve. However, this generalized condition is not sufficient for EAD genesis and does not explain the voltage oscillations manifesting as EADs. Here, we summarize recent progress that uses dynamical theory to build on and advance our understanding of EADs beyond the concept of repolarization reserve, towards the goal of developing a holistic and integrative view of EADs and their role in arrhythmogenesis. We first introduce concepts from nonlinear dynamics that are relevant to EADs, namely, Hopf bifurcation leading to oscillations and basin of attraction of an equilibrium or oscillatory state. We then present a theory of phase-2 EADs in nonlinear dynamics, which includes the formation of quasi-equilibrium states at the plateau voltage, their stabilities, and the bifurcations leading to and terminating the oscillations. This theory shows that the L-type calcium channel plays a unique role in causing the nonlinear dynamical behaviours necessary for EADs. We also summarize different mechanisms of phase-3 EADs. Based on the dynamical theory, we discuss the roles of each of the major ionic currents in the genesis of EADs, and potential therapeutic targets.
Undergraduate medical education. Improve teaching of practical skills.
Authors: G B Clack
Journal: BMJ (1993)

become the overriding aim of medical education, but it must recognise that some students will seek a medical degree as entry to a variety of activities related to health, including research, education, business, and public service.In such a future how will we define core and protect students' opportunity to exercise independent thought in approaching the complexities of medicine?A core of essential knowledge and skills relevant to medical practice undoubtedly exists and can be identified, but at what cost and to what purpose?In my view, which is coloured by my recent experience as dean of health sciences at McMaster University, medical schools should have confidence in students' ability to discern appropriate learning objectives and to pursue these in a self directed fashion.Judgment of students' qualification for licensure should be separated as much as possible from assessment of academic performance so as to maximise opportunities for personal and intellectual development during medical education.Endorsement of the core and options model without strict limitations on the definition of core will perpetuate a content driven, professorially controlled system of medical education unworthy of Britain's earlier traditions of leadership.The times demand a more aggressive commitment to innovation in the interests of both the public and the profession.
Rheumatoid Disease Without Joint Involvement
Authors: Om P. Ganda
Journal: JAMA (1974)

An elderly black man had an unusual manifestation of severe rheumatoid disease. Thus far, five years since the onset of disease, he has experienced no serious joint involvement and yet has had multiple subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules, bilateral rheumatoid pleuritis with effusion, nodular scleritis, and high titer of rheumatoid factor. (<i>JAMA</i>228:338-339, 1974)
Patient-reported Outcomes in Cancer: A Review of Recent Research and Policy Initiatives
Authors: J. Lipscomb, C. C. Gotay, C. F. Snyder
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

There is growing recognition that patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures—encompassing, for example, health-related quality of life—can complement traditional biomedical outcome measures (eg, survival, disease-free survival) in conveying important information for cancer care decision making. This paper provides an integrated review and interpretation of how PROs have been defined, measured, and used in a range of recent cancer research and policy initiatives. We focus, in turn, on the role of PRO measurement in the evaluation and approval of cancer therapies, the assessment of cancer care in the community, patient-provider decision making in clinical oncology practice, and population surveillance of cancer patients and survivors. The paper concludes with a discussion of future challenges and opportunities in PRO measure development and application, given the advancing state of the science in cancer outcomes measurement and the evolving needs of cancer decision makers at all levels.
Gadolinium‐Enriched Polyaniline Particles (GPAPs) for Simultaneous Diagnostic Imaging and Localized Photothermal Therapy of Epithelial Cancer
Authors: Taeksu Lee, Doyeon Bang, Yeonji Park, Sun Hee Kim, Jihye Choi, Joseph Park, Donghun Kim, Eunkyoung Kim, Jin‐Suck Suh, Yong‐Min Huh, Seungjoo Haam
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

By loading GdIII inside NIR-absorbing polyaniline nanostructures, a novel diagnostic and photothermal agent with enhanced MR sensitivity, targeting ability, and photothermal ability to treat epithelial cancer is developed.
WOULD SURGERY SUFFER IF IODOFORM WAS ABOLISHED?
Authors: EDMUND C. BRUSH
Journal: JAMA (1899)

You may break, you may shatter the box, if you will, But the scent of iodoform will linger there still. If something else just as efficacious can be found, or is at hand, then iodoform should be forever banished, on account of its odor if for no other reason. This odor is unmistakable, and to-day the laity know it quite as well as the physician. "Once smelled, always remembered," is surely true of this promiscuously used drug. You meet a man on the street and, as he passes, you get a whiff of iodoform; you at once wonder whether he is a physician or a patient. You enter a sleeping-car and the well-known odor comes to your attention; you at once look over your fellow passengers for the suspected one. You get the same odor in the ballroom or in the church, and you at once wonder who has it
Putative RNA-splicing gene LUC7L2 on 7q34 represents a candidate gene in pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies
Authors: H Singh, A A Lane, M Correll, B Przychodzen, D B Sykes, R M Stone, K K Ballen, P C Amrein, J Maciejewski, E C Attar
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Putative RNA-splicing gene  LUC7L2  on 7q34 represents a candidate gene in pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies
Principles of Evolutionary Medicine
Authors: Robert Root-Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ascorbic Acid and Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Kenneth L. Geoly, Louis H. Diamond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1980Ascorbic Acid and HypertriglyceridemiaKENNETH L. GEOLY, M.D., LOUIS H. DIAMOND, M.D.KENNETH L. GEOLY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LOUIS H. DIAMOND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-3-511_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although increased blood lipid levels have been associated with lowered intracellular and extracellular ascorbic acid levels (1, 2), few or no data exist on treatment of hypertriglyceridemia with ascorbic acid administration. We have studied the effects of ascorbic acid therapy (1 g by mouth three times a day) in two patients on hemodialysis with chronic renal failure and severe hypertriglyceridemia. Triglyceride levels were measured every other week in both control and post-treatment time periods. The results (Table 1) show statisticallysignificant (P< 0.001) reduction in triglyceride levels in comparison of determinations before ascorbic acid therapy with...References1. GINTER E. Pre-treatment serum-cholesterol and response to ascorbic acid. Lancet 1979;2:958-9. Letter. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CĚRNÁ O GINTER E. Blood lipids and vitamin-C status. Lancet. 1978;1:1055-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KENNETH L. GEOLY, M.D.; LOUIS H. DIAMOND, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVitamin C and plasma cholesterol 1 September 1980Volume 93, Issue 3Page: 511-511KeywordsBloodLipidsMouthRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Soviet Medical Response to the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
Authors: Roger E. Linnemann
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The nuclear accident at Chernobyl was the worst in the history of nuclear power. It tested the organized medical response to mass radiation casualties. This article reviews the Soviet response as reported at the 1986 postaccident review meeting in Vienna and as determined from interviews. The Soviets used three levels of care: rescue and first aid at the plant site; emergency treatment at regional hospitals; and definitive evaluation and treatment in Moscow. Diagnosis, triage, patient disposition, attendant exposure, and preventive actions are detailed. The United States would be well advised to organize its resources definitively to cope with future nonmilitary nuclear accidents.
Esophageal Tuberculosis: Early Diagnosis by Endoscopy
Authors: E. Brullet, B. Font, M. Rey, A. Ferrer, A. Nogueras
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: An Unusual Case of Active Tuberculosis of the Oesophagus in an AdultEndoscopy 1991; 23(05): 294-296DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010692
An Indirect Method for Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: CLARENCE M. AGRESS, STANLEY WEGNER, JAMES S. FORRESTER, KANU CHATTERJEE, WILLIAM W. PARMLEY, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1972)

An indirect estimate of the contractility index, max LV dP/dt/LVEDP, has been examined in 32 patients following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in three patients with acute coronary insufficiency (ACI). The index was derived from arterial diastolic pressure (DP) obtained by sphygmomanometer, left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) obtained by pulmonary artery balloon catheter, and preejection period (PEP) determined from the phonocardiogram, carotid pulse, and ECG. These data were used in the relation (DP-LVFP)/PEP/LVFP (i.e., ΔP/Δt/LVFP) as an approximation of the direct contractility index max dP/dt/LVEDP. While measurements of PEP, DP, and LVFP used independently were not useful in distinguishing patients grouped in surviving AMI, nonsurviving AMI, and ACI categories, the ΔP/Δt/LVFP index showed marked separation of these groups. Because of the simplicity of measurement and minimal intravascular intervention, the index provides a safe and practical means of assessing the degree of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with AMI.
THE PRODUCTION OF FEVER BY INFLUENZAL VIRUSES
Authors: Robert R. Wagner, Ivan L. Bennett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The effect of treating rabbits with materials which destroy the cell receptors for influenzal viruses upon the ability of these animals to respond with fever to injection of the PR8 and Lee strains of influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is described. In general, both cholera vibrio and Cl. welchii filtrates produced diminution of febrile responses. The effect of sodium periodate upon the pyrogenic reaction was not significant. Near-lethal amounts of these materials were necessary to demonstrate their protective effects against virus challenge. In order to rule out general debility as a factor in lessening the fever, it was shown that the ability of animals to respond to the pyrogenic effect of typhoid vaccine was unimpaired by injection of receptor-destroying substances. The substances tested were more effective in abolishing the febrile response to PR8 virus than to Lee virus or NDV. This finding is compatible with previous studies of the protective effect exerted by homologous and heterologous viruses. These findings give support to the hypothesis that union of virus and host receptor substance plays a part in the production of fever by these viruses.
A human endothelial cell-restricted, externally disposed plasmalemmal protein enriched in intercellular junctions.
Authors: W A Muller, C M Ratti, S L McDonnell, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We have raised an mAb to a previously undescribed 135-kD externally disposed integral membrane protein that is enriched in the intercellular junctional domain of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This protein localizes at the appositional surfaces of cells as they become confluent and is stably expressed in the junctional zones of confluent monolayers. This protein is expressed in situ on continuous endothelia of all blood vessels in all human tissues examined. Moreover, this protein, as determined by mAb immunocytochemistry, is not expressed by any other cell type. This protein may mediate endothelial-specific functions restricted to the intercellular domain. It may also serve as a unique cell surface marker for the identification and purification of human endothelial cells.