tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicides Among Military Personnel
Authors: Remington L. Nevin, Elspeth Cameron Ritchie
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exercise-induced attenuation of alpha-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstriction in humans: evidence from phase-contrast MRI
Authors: Jim Hansen, Dany Sayad, Gail D. Thomas, Geoffrey David Clarke, Ronald M. Peshock, Ronald G. Victor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

We recently provided evidence for contraction-induced attenuation of reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction in human skeletal muscle microcirculation. We now asked whether contraction-induced modulation of alpha-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstriction in the human forearm (a) is evident in a large artery supplying the contracting skeletal muscle and (b) implicates a post-junctional site of action.To address these questions in humans, we used phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging to measure blood flow velocity and cross-sectional area of the brachial artery during brachial-artery infusion of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist norepinephrine (NE) (1.1 g/min for 5 min) at rest and during mild ipsilateral rhythmic handgrip (20% of maximum). At rest, brachial artery conductance decreased progressively during the entire 5 min period of infusion (baseline to first half to second half of infusion: 0.421 +/- 0.157 to 0.255 +/- 0.187 to 0.012 +/- 0.014 ml/min/mmHg, P < 0.05). When NE was superimposed on handgrip, conductance at first decreased sharply (1.205 +/- 0.127 to 0.330 +/- 0.097 ml/min/mmHg, P < 0.05). However, during the second half of the infusion, conductance did not decrease further but rather returned progressively toward baseline (0.476 +/- 0.199 ml/min/mmHg at the end of the exercise, P < 0.05 vs. NE alone).These data provide new evidence in humans that alpha-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstriction is sensitive to modulation by skeletal muscle contraction. Such modulation is evident at the level of a large conduit artery and it involves a post-junctional mechanism of action.
Genetic disruption of both Fancc and Fancg in mice recapitulates the hematopoietic manifestations of Fanconi anemia
Authors: Anna C. Pulliam-Leath, Samantha L. Ciccone, Grzegorz Nalepa, Xiaxin Li, Yue Si, Leticia Miravalle, Danielle Smith, Jin Yuan, Jingling Li, Praveen Anur, Attilio Orazi, Gail H. Vance, Feng-Chun Yang, Helmut Hanenberg, Grover C. Bagby, D. Wade Clapp
Journal: Blood (2010)
ROENTGEN RAY INTOXICATION
Authors: S. L. Warren, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

These experiments show that the common laboratory animals are about equally sensitive to the x-ray given over the abdomen. The clinical reaction following a M.L.D. is very similar and the intestinal pathology almost identical. The rat and guinea pig are slightly more sensitive to the x-ray than are the dog, cat, and rabbit. By contrast birds, frogs, and reptiles are very resistant to the x-ray and may tolerate two or three doses of radiation lethal for dogs. We can offer no convincing explanation for this fact which is discussed above. These data strengthen our belief in the scattered and incomplete observations on human cases which indicate that the human intestinal tract is likewise sensitive to radiation. This fact must be given careful consideration in conditions where abdominal or pelvic radiation is being used because such injury done to intestinal epithelium is always serious and in some cases irreparable.
Abstract LB-480: MicroRNA <i>in situ</i> hybridization techniques: Co-detection of target protein and image analysis-based quantitation
Authors: Boye S. Nielsen, Trine Moller, Kim Holmstrom
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that constitute a novel group of biomarkers with exciting functions in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis by mediating degradation or destabilization of target mRNAs. Expression profiling provides identification of disease-related miRNAs; however, questions towards molecular interactions in vivo remain un-answered. In situ hybridization (ISH) allows visualization the miRNAs in histological sections and thereby allows determination of specific cellular origin, which is an essential step for understanding the miRNAs role in any biological setting. We have developed fast double fluorescence and quantitative ISH technologies that facilitates interpretation of roles for miRNA in cancer progression. On a semi-automated platform, HistoFlex, the double fluorescence assay can be completed within 2 hours without loss of sensitivity and specificity. In order to characterize the miR-21 positive cells in the breast cancer stroma, we combined miR-21 ISH with smooth muscle α-actin in a double fluorescence assay, and found that most, but not all miR-21 positive cells, are smooth muscle α-actin positive and include both myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells in the neoplastic tissue. Subsequent combination of miR-21 ISH and programmed cell death-4 (PDCD4) immunofluorescence showed differential expression in many but not all miR-21 positive cells. The findings suggest that PDCD4 (mRNA), as a predicted miR-21 target according to sequence alignment, may also take place in vivo. Thus, a role of miR-21 in cell survival and apoptosis is likely. miRNA ISH also allows quantitative estimation of miRNA expression levels in archived formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue samples. Using chromogenic detection of miRNA and subsequent image analysis, semi-quantitative expression estimates can be obtained, which can be used for correlation with clinical parameters, such as drug response, diagnosis, prognosis and other molecular profiles. We have established an automated 1-day assay that provides quantitative estimates with a precision of app. 15%. We also show that a quantitative estimate obtained in one paraffin section with tumor tissue is representative for the whole tumor. For clinical applications, we present data showing that the miRNA ISH signal can be quantified in routinely processed paraffin samples from colon and breast cancer, and that this approach can provide novel diagnostic possibilities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-480. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-480
Dogma Disputed: Can Aggressively Lowering Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Be Dangerous?
Authors: Franz H. Messerli, Giuseppe Mancia, C. Richard Conti, Ann C. Hewkin, Stuart Kupfer, Annette Champion, Rainer Kolloch, Athanase Benetos, Carl J. Pepine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Because coronary perfusion occurs mainly during diastole, patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) could be at increased risk for coronary events if diastolic pressure falls below critical levels. Objective: To determine whether low blood pressure could be associated with excess mortality and morbidity in this population. Design: A secondary analysis of data from the International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST), which was conducted from September 1997 to February 2003. Setting: 862 sites in 14 countries. Patients: 22 576 patients with hypertension and CAD. Interventions: Patients from INVEST were randomly assigned to a verapamil sustained-release– or atenolol-based strategy; blood pressure control and outcomes were equivalent. Measurements: An unadjusted quadratic proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the relationship between average on-treatment blood pressure and risk for the primary outcome (all-cause death, nonfatal stroke, and nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI]), all-cause death, total MI, and total stroke. A second model adjusted for differences in baseline covariates. Results: The relationship between blood pressure and the primary outcome, all-cause death, and total MI was J-shaped, particularly for diastolic pressure, with a nadir at 119/84 mm Hg. After adjustment, the J-shaped relationship persisted between diastolic pressure and primary outcome. The MI–stroke ratio remained constant over a wide blood pressure range, but at a lower diastolic blood pressure, there were substantially more MIs than strokes. An interaction between decreased diastolic pressure and history of revascularization was observed; low diastolic pressure was associated with a relatively lower risk for the primary outcome in patients with revascularization than in those without revascularization. Limitations: This is a post hoc analysis of hypertensive patients with CAD. Conclusions: The risk for the primary outcome, all-cause death, and MI, but not stroke, progressively increased with low diastolic blood pressure. Excessive reduction in diastolic pressure should be avoided in patients with CAD who are being treated for hypertension.
Corrigendum: Herding in humans
Authors: Ramsey M. Raafat, Nick Chater, Chris Frith
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2009)

In the first sentence of the second paragraph of the section Models of herding (pp. 420-422), the order of mention of the two panels of Figure 1 is incorrect. This sentence should read: Cognitive psychology and neuroscience generally focus on the individual, or on parts of the herd (Figure 1b), yet herding also arises from the organizing relations of those parts, that is, by how the individuals are configured (Figure 1a). We apologize to the readers of this article for this error. Herding in humansRaafat et al.Trends in Cognitive SciencesSeptember 14, 2009In BriefHerding is a form of convergent social behaviour that can be broadly defined as the alignment of the thoughts or behaviours of individuals in a group (herd) through local interaction and without centralized coordination. We suggest that herding has a broad application, from intellectual fashion to mob violence; and that understanding herding is particularly pertinent in an increasingly interconnected world. An integrated approach to herding is proposed, describing two key issues: mechanisms of transmission of thoughts or behaviour between agents, and patterns of connections between agents. Full-Text PDF
Techniques of vasovasostomy should be improved for men seeking fertility
Authors: M. Fox
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Digoxin comes from Digitalis lanataEDrroR,-Gregory Y H Lip and colleagues say that the purple foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, con- tains digoxin.'This is wrong.Digoxin is obtained from the leaf of the woolly or Balkan foxglove, D lanata,2 from which it was first isolated by Dr Sydney Smith at Burroughs Wellcome in Britain in 1930.It is still extracted from the plant because, although it can be made synthetically, this is a difficult and expensive process.Soon after the war the Dutch realised that plants would still be essential for the production of important drugs, and with funds from the Marshall Plan they cultivated the foxglove on a large scale.By selective breeding of D lanata they improved the yield of digoxin, and this drug is currently chiefly obtained from plants grown on a cooperative farm at Elburg in the Netherlands.D purpurea yields digitoxin,3 which is now seldom used in Britain.
Rationing is now accepted as inevitable by all sides
Authors: Z. Kmietowciz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Medical opinion leaders and policy makers have admitted that priority setting will form the future framework of clinical practice in Britain's NHS.

Priority Setting in the NHS is the first document by a working party set up to look at the issue which brings together representatives of the BMA, the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, the National Association of Health Authorities and Trusts, and the NHS Executive.

The report calls on health professionals, the public, and the government to accept the need for setting boundaries of medical treatment and to contribute to the discussion on establishing a prioritised health service.

The working party behind the report says that there is no distinction between terms …
<i>Alone in Green</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transcription factor activation following exposure of an intact lung preparation to metallic particulate matter.
Authors: James M Samet, Robert Silbajoris, Tony Huang, Ilona Jaspers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Metallic constituents contained in ambient particulate matter have been associated with adverse effects in a number of epidemiologic, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a metallic by-product of the combustion of fossil fuel oil, which has been shown to induce a variety of proinflammatory responses in lung cells. We have examined signaling pathways activated in response to ROFA exposure and recently reported that ROFA treatment activates multiple mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in the rat lung. In the present study we extended our investigations on the mechanism of toxicity of ROFA to include transcription factors whose activities are regulated by MAP kinases as well as possible effectors of transcriptional changes that mediate the effects of ROFA. We applied immunohistochemical methods to detect ROFA-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF kappa B), activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2), c-Jun, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in intact lung tissue and confirmed and characterized their functional activation using DNA binding assays. We performed these studies using a perfused rabbit lung model that is devoid of blood elements in order to distinguish between intrinsic lung cell effects and effects that are secondary to inflammatory cell influx. We report here that exposure to ROFA results in a rapid activation of all of the transcription factors studied by exerting direct effects on lung cells. These findings validate the use of immunohistochemistry to detect transcription factor activation in vivo and demonstrate the utility of studying signaling changes in response to environmental exposures.
Interaction between hyaluronic acid and serum dispersed in collagen gels.
Authors: E Baxter, J R Fraser, G S Harris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

The M<sub>2</sub> muscarinic receptor has two topographically distinct sites: the orthosteric site and an allosteric site recognized by compounds such as gallamine. It also can exhibit cooperative effects in the binding of orthosteric ligands, presumably to the orthosteric sites within an oligomer. Such effects would be difficult to interpret, however, if those ligands also bound to the allosteric site. Monomers of the hemagglutinin (HA)- and FLAG-tagged human M<sub>2</sub> receptor therefore have been purified from coinfected <i>Sf</i>9 cells and examined for any effect of the antagonist <i>N</i>-methyl scopolamine or the agonist oxotremorine-M on the rate at which <i>N</i>-[<sup>3</sup>H]methyl scopolamine dissociates from the orthosteric site (<i>k</i><sub>obsd</sub>). The predominantly monomeric status was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and by cross-linking with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate. Both <i>N</i>-methyl scopolamine and oxotremorine-M acted in a cooperative manner to decrease <i>k</i><sub>obsd</sub> by 4.5- and 9.1-fold, respectively; the corresponding estimates of affinity (log <i>K</i><sub>L</sub>) are -2.55 ± 0.13 and -2.29 ± 0.14. Gallamine and the allosteric ligand obidoxime decreased <i>k</i><sub>obsd</sub> by more than 100-fold (log <i>K</i><sub>L</sub> = -4.12 ± 0.04) and by only 1.1-fold (log <i>K</i><sub>L</sub> = -1.73 ± 0.91), respectively. Obidoxime reversed the effect of <i>N</i>-methyl scopolamine, oxotremorine-M, and gallamine in a manner that could be described by a model in which all four ligands compete for a common allosteric site. Ligands generally assumed to be exclusively orthosteric therefore can act at the allosteric site of the M<sub>2</sub> receptor, albeit at comparatively high concentrations.
Bowel function and transit rate during the menstrual cycle.
Authors: M A Kamm, M J Farthing, J E Lennard-Jones
Journal: Gut (1989)

The whole gut transit rate has been measured in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in 18 healthy women in whom ovulation was confirmed biochemically. Mean transit time in the follicular phase (45.2 (2.7) h, mean (SEM) was not significantly different from the luteal phase (51.3 (4.1], p = 0.12. Stool weight was also not significantly different in the two phases (132 (7) v 123 (10) g/day). A diary card kept for the entire menstrual cycle revealed no change in bowel frequency or stool consistency during the menstrual, follicular or luteal phases. Under normal physiological conditions the sex hormones do not have a major effect on bowel function.
Prenatal retinoid deficiency leads to airway hyperresponsiveness in adult mice
Authors: Felicia Chen, Hector Marquez, Youn-Kyung Kim, Jun Qian, Fengzhi Shao, Alan Fine, William W. Cruikshank, Loredana Quadro, Wellington V. Cardoso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

There is increasing evidence that vitamin A deficiency in utero correlates with abnormal airway smooth muscle (SM) function in postnatal life. The bioactive vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) is essential for formation of the lung primordium; however, little is known about the impact of early fetal RA deficiency on postnatal lung structure and function. Here, we provide evidence that during murine lung development, endogenous RA has a key role in restricting the airway SM differentiation program during airway formation. Using murine models of pharmacological, genetic, and dietary vitamin A/RA deficiency, we found that disruption of RA signaling during embryonic development consistently resulted in an altered airway SM phenotype with markedly increased expression of SM markers. The aberrant phenotype persisted postnatally regardless of the adult vitamin A status and manifested as structural changes in the bronchial SM and hyperresponsiveness of the airway without evidence of inflammation. Our data reveal a role for endogenous RA signaling in restricting SM differentiation and preventing precocious and excessive SM differentiation when airways are forming.
cGMP-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase regulates the basal calcium current in human atrial myocytes.
Authors: M Rivet-Bastide, G Vandecasteele, S Hatem, I Verde, A Bénardeau, J J Mercadier, R Fischmeister
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

EHNA (Erythro-9-[2-hydroxy-3-nonyl]adenine) is a wellknown inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. Recently, EHNA was shown to block the activity of purified soluble cGMPstimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) from frog, human, and porcine heart with an apparent Ki value of approximately 1 microM and with negligible effects on Ca2+/calmodulin PDE (PDE1), cGMP-inhibited PDE (PDE3), and low Km cAMP-specific PDE (PDE4) (Méry, P.F., C. Pavoine, F. Pecker, and R. Fischmeister. 1995. Mol. Pharmacol. 48:121-130; Podzuweit, T., P. Nennstiel, and A. Muller. 1995. Cell. Signalling. 7:733- 738). To investigate the role of PDE2 in the regulation of cardiac L-type Ca2+ current (ICa), we have examined the effect of EHNA on ICa in freshly isolated human atrial myocytes. Extracellular application of 0.1-10 microM EHNA induced an increase in the amplitude of basal ICa ( approximately 80% at 1 microM) without modification of the current-voltage or inactivation curves. The maximal stimulatory effect of EHNA on ICa was comparable in amplitude with the maximal effect of isoprenaline (1 microM), and the two effects were not additive. The effect of EHNA was not a result of adenosine deaminase inhibition, since 2'-deoxycoformycin (1-30 microM), another adenosine deaminase inhibitor with no effect on PDE2, or adenosine (1-10 microM) did not increase ICa. In the absence of intracellular GTP, the substrate of guanylyl cyclase, EHNA did not increase ICa. However, under similar conditions, intracellular perfusion with 0.5 microM cGMP produced an 80% increase in ICa. As opposed to human cardiomyocytes, EHNA (1-10 microM) did not modify ICa in isolated rat ventricular and atrial myocytes. We conclude that basal ICa is controlled by PDE2 activity in human atrial myocytes. Both PDE2 and PDE3 may contribute to keep the cyclic nucleotides concentrations at minimum in the absence of adenylyl and/or guanylyl cyclase stimulation.
Presence of atopy in first-degree relatives as a predictor of a female proband's depression: Results from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort
Authors: Markku Timonen, Jari Jokelainen, Anne Herva, Paavo Zitting, V.Benno Meyer-Rochow, Pirkko Räsänen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)