tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transient outward current in human and rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: E. Wettwer, G. Amos, J. Gath, H.-R. Zerkowski, J.-C. Reidemeister, U. Ravens
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Transient outward current in human and rat ventricular myocytes Get access Erich Wettwer, Erich Wettwer University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen 1, Germany – Pharmakologisches Institut: E Wettwer, G Amos, J Gath, U Ravens; Abteilung für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie: H-R Zerkowski, J-C Reidemeister. Correspondence to Professor Ravens. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory Amos, Gregory Amos University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen 1, Germany – Pharmakologisches Institut: E Wettwer, G Amos, J Gath, U Ravens; Abteilung für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie: H-R Zerkowski, J-C Reidemeister. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jennifer Gath, Jennifer Gath University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen 1, Germany – Pharmakologisches Institut: E Wettwer, G Amos, J Gath, U Ravens; Abteilung für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie: H-R Zerkowski, J-C Reidemeister. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans-Reinhard Zerkowski, Hans-Reinhard Zerkowski University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen 1, Germany – Pharmakologisches Institut: E Wettwer, G Amos, J Gath, U Ravens; Abteilung für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie: H-R Zerkowski, J-C Reidemeister. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jürgen-Christoph Reidemeister, Jürgen-Christoph Reidemeister University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen 1, Germany – Pharmakologisches Institut: E Wettwer, G Amos, J Gath, U Ravens; Abteilung für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie: H-R Zerkowski, J-C Reidemeister. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ursula Ravens Ursula Ravens University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen 1, Germany – Pharmakologisches Institut: E Wettwer, G Amos, J Gath, U Ravens; Abteilung für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie: H-R Zerkowski, J-C Reidemeister. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 9, September 1993, Pages 1662–1669, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.9.1662 Published: 01 September 1993 Article history Received: 25 February 1993 Accepted: 20 May 1993 Published: 01 September 1993
Several herpesviruses can reactivate in a severe drug-induced multiorgan reaction in the same sequential order as in graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Y. Kano, K. Hiraharas, K. Sakuma, T. Shiohara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a severe multiorgan systemic reaction. Numerous studies have linked reactivation of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 with the development of DIHS. Recent articles have suggested that reactivation of other herpesviruses besides HHV-6 might also be involved in the development of DIHS. On the other hand, recent studies have provided evidence for a role of reactivation of various herpesviruses in the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Objectives We attempted to determine whether sequential herpesvirus reactivation could be detected in four patients with severe DIHS, as observed in patients with GVHD, and be coincident with various clinical manifestations that developed after discontinuation of the causative drugs. Methods Detection and quantification of viral DNA [cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), HHV-6 and HHV-7] in sequential blood samples were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, based on TaqMan technology. Results In these patients, the cascade of virus reactivation initiated by HHV-6 or EBV extended to EBV or HHV-7, and eventually to CMV. Clinical manifestations of this syndrome followed by failure of various organs occurring despite discontinuation of the drug were coincident with these herpesvirus reactivations. Conclusions These results suggest that various herpesviruses can reactivate in the setting of severe drug reactions in a similar sequential order to that described in GVHD. The sequential reactivation of these herpesviruses is responsible for the development of multiorgan failure occurring after discontinuation of the causative drug.
The Setting of Standards of Care
Authors: Thomas F. Hornbein
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The opportunity for self-determination, for being one's own boss, has been for many of us one of the pluses of being a physician. With surprising and somewhat painful alacrity, elements of this independence are being constrained as external societal forces try to control costs and guarantee the outcome of care. The article that appears in this issue by Eichhorn et al entitled "Standards for Patient Monitoring During Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School" exemplifies an interesting, creative response to these forces. As such, it is presented not so much to enlighten<i>JAMA</i>'s readership concerning monitoring as one aspect of anesthetic care, but as an example of a process for extracting a collective minimum standard from individuals long accustomed to defining their own destiny and unaccustomed to others telling them what they should do. The essence of our role as problem-solving givers of care is independent thought and action. Anything that
The Influence of Neonatal Lung Function on Rhinovirus-associated Wheeze
Authors: Marieke M. van der Zalm, Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal, Berry Wilbrink, Marije Koopman, Theo J. M. Verheij, Cornelis K. van der Ent
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Several studies have shown that the occurrence of wheezing illnesses during the first year of life is associated with lower levels of lung function shortly after birth and before any respiratory illness. It has been suggested that reduced lung function early in life predisposes infants to wheezing during viral respiratory infections, but the association between neonatal lung function and subsequent confirmed viral infections has never been investigated.Objectives: To study the influence between neonatal lung function and the occurrence of human rhinovirus (HRV)-associated wheeze.Methods: In a prospective birth cohort study, infants were followed from birth through the first year of life with daily questionnaires about respiratory symptoms. Neonatal lung function was performed within the first 2 months of life. Nose and throat swabs were collected during episodes with respiratory symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect single HRV infections.Measurements and Main Results: In 176 of the 202 infants (87%) with a single HRV infection, valid lung function measurements were obtained. The risk of wheeze was 1.49 times higher for each SD increase of airway resistance. The adjusted risk (corrected for possible important confounders) for wheeze was 1.77 (95% confidence interval, 1.16–2.69; P = 0.01) times higher for each SD increase of airway resistance. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was independently associated with wheeze (odds ratio 4.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–15.5; P = 0.02).Conclusions: This study showed that total lung resistance is clearly associated with HRV-associated wheeze. Moreover, HRV-associated wheeze might be the first sign to recognize infants with reduced neonatal lung function.
Five to eight-year results of Leeds-York controlled trial of elective surgery for duodenal ulcer.
Authors: J. C. Goligher, C. N. Pulvertaft, F. T. De Dombal, J. H. Conyers, H. L. Duthie, D. B. Feather, A. J. Latchmore, J. H. Shoesmith, F. G. Smiddy, J. Willson-Pepper
Journal: BMJ (1968)

While most of these symptoms will be readily understood, the term " dumping " is used differently by different authors.We would define early dumping as a sensation of epigastric fullness accom- panied by a feeling of faintness, sweating, or palpitation occurring immediately after a meal, and late dumping as a feeling of faintness and weakness coming on an hour or more after food, probably due to hypoglycaemia.
Abstract 1758: Cancer cell location in tumor determines cell cycle position and dormancy.
Authors: Shuya Yano, Yasunori Tome, Michelle Digman, Masashi Momiyama, Atsushi Suetsugu, Enrico Gratton, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The phase of the cell cycle can determine whether a cancer cell can respond to most drugs. The fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) was used to image the cell cycle phase within tumors. In nascent tumors in nude mice, approximately 30% of the cells in the center of the tumor were in G0/G1 and 70% in S/G2/M. In contrast, approximately 90% of cancer cells in the center of an established tumor were in G0/G1 phase. Similarly, approximately 75% of cancer cells far from (&amp;gt;100 μm) tumor vessels were in G0/G1. Although 60-70% of cancer cells near the surface of an established tumor (&amp;lt; 100 μm) or near blood vessels were in S/G2/M, these cells are a small minority of an established tumor. Moreover, tumors that are stable in size for more than six months in nude mice consisted of mostly G0/G1 cells, suggesting they are dormant. The results presented here have profound implications for cancer therapy, since most drugs currently in use target cells in S/G2/M, which are a minor fraction in an established tumor. With the developments reported here, drugs that target non-dividing and dormant cancer cells can be readily identified. Citation Format: Shuya Yano, Yasunori Tome, Michelle Digman, Masashi Momiyama, Atsushi Suetsugu, Enrico Gratton, Robert M. Hoffman. Cancer cell location in tumor determines cell cycle position and dormancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1758. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1758
Advances in Anesthesiology: Muscle Relaxants
Authors: Leonard F. Walts
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Presently, a large number of investigators are involved in experiments attempting to shed light on the mechanism of neuromuscular block. Practicing anesthesiologists may wish to read a succinct review of some of these publications to enable themselves to evaluate and discuss the recent progress. I can think of no better source than the excellent monograph from the staff of Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. Containing only seven chapters and scarcely 100 pages of text, the book will nevertheless help bring one up to date in a complicated field.  This work is not directed toward clinical use of muscle relaxants. Only one chapter is so oriented. The authors, assuming that the reader has a clinical knowledge of these drugs, delve into more fundamental aspects.  Various chapters deal with the mechanism of production of neuromuscular block, physiologic aspects of the block, chemistry and pharmacology of neuromuscular transmission, genetics, and myasthenia gravis. All but the
Abstract P3-10-19: Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model in Korean Women Using Five Polymorphisms Identified in Genome Wide Association Studies
Authors: W Han, JH Woo, J-H Yu, SK Ahn, HS Kim, HC Shin, CK Yom, H-G Moon, D-Y Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Recently indentified genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of breast cancer have not been validated in Asian population except for Chinese. We sought to confirm the association in ethnically distinct Korean women and to make genetic risk assessment model using multi-gene markers Materials and Methods: 3321 invasive breast cancer patients operated in Seoul National University Hospital and 3500 healthy control women from a population based cohort were genotyped for 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using Taqman assay. The SNPs genotyped were rs2046210 (6q25.1), rs4973768 (3p), rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs3803662 (TNRC9), and rs889312 (MAP3K1). Results: The five SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer in dominant, recessive, and co-dominant model (p-values from 0.012 to 3.41E-08). Minor allele frequencies were between 0.2 and 0.5. Odds ratios were between 1.14 and 1.51. Multi-gene logistic regression risk model was made with this 5 SNPs. Women who have all protective variants showed odds ratio of 0.43, while women who are homozygous for risk variants in all 5 SNPs showed odds ratio of 2.36 compared with women with the most common genotype. Conclusion: We found that 5 SNPs from GWAS in mostly women of European ancestry were also significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Korean women. The multi-gene risk assessment model might be useful to classify women into relevant risk groups. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-19.
THE INSECT TRANSMISSION OF ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS (LEUCKART, 1893): THE CAUSE OF WORM NODULES IN MAN IN AFRICA
Authors: D. B. Blacklock
Journal: BMJ (1927)

BMtiT= 129 by the recelnt contributionis of Vinoent anid 8 lsen and others.If high pressulrc can result from default of depressor subDstances the failure of thle searell for separate pressor agents in the blood might conceivably be accouiited for.A tissue extract that has recently been thle subject of active investigation is liver extract, which has beeni founid to have pronounced depressor effects, studied by variouls- observers.As prepared by James, Laughton, and Macallum,.1 the active extract is stated to be freo froa.the shock-producing substance histamine-and from choline.Fresh extract is necessary, and while the' experimental effects are marked, the clinical data in higli-pressuri-e cases in man are not conclusive.Major reports strikinig and lasting effects in certain high, pressures of recenit origin without recognizable lesions, while not overlookinigthe occurrence of occasional " spoontaneous " recoveries in such cases.In " fixed" pressures of long standinig there was little evidence of specific effect with the liver extract.Some observers interpret the depressor effects of the lier extracts which they used as being due to histamiine and clholino (Best, Dales Dudley, and Thorpe6). Conclusion.From the foregoing considerations it is evident that while the incidenice of the disturbing agenicy on the medullary regulating centres is clearly indicated, precise and adequate klnowledge of the causation and mechanism of high pressures is defective.,The fact of high pressures coming under observation in man only, and the consequent inapplicability of many of the methods of experimental research, have to be borne in mind as limiting the modes of attack upon the problem.While it is obvious that mich more knowledge is necessary for the definite solution of the question in- volved, it-has seemed advisable to take stock of the present situation as it appears to a physiologist, in order to avoid t.he waste of laborious work in accumulating data such as are already available.It is necessary to keep an open mind as to tlle possibility of a solution being found in an un- expected direction-in the discovery of a precise causal agent or agencies different from those that are mostly in question at the present time as bearinlg on the conlditioll of high pressures, which may prove to be multiform in causa- tion and mechanism as also in clinical type.
Morphoea: a manifestation of infection with Borrelia species?
Authors: K. Eisendle, T. Grabner, B. Zelger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Morphoea or localized scleroderma is a cutaneous inflammatory disease with still unknown aetiology. Borrelia burgdorferi as causative agent has been discussed controversially.To assess the evidence for infection with B. burgdorferi in patients with morphoea by focus-floating microscopy (FFM).Using standard histological equipment, tissue sections stained with a polyclonal B. burgdorferi antibody were simultaneously scanned through in two planes: horizontally as in routine cytology, and vertically by focusing through the thickness of the section, i.e. FFM. Part of the material was also investigated with a Borrelia-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR).One hundred and twenty-two cases of morphoea and 68 controls (58 negative and 10 positive by PCR) were investigated for the presence of Borrelia within tissue specimens. Using FFM Borrelia was detected in 84 cases (68.9%) of morphoea and in all positive controls, but was absent in all negative controls. Borrelia was significantly more frequent in early inflammatory-rich (75%) than late inflammatory-poor (53%) cases (P = 0.018). What seemed to be vital microorganisms were mostly found close to the active border, while degenerated forms were more common in fibrosclerotic parts. The presence of B lymphocytes determined by CD20 staining proved to be a good positive predictor of the microorganism (correlation 0.85, P < 0.001). Borrelia-specific DNA was detected in only one of 30 cases of morphoea analysed by PCR.FFM is a reliable and highly sensitive method to detect Borrelia in tissue sections. The frequent detection of this microorganism in morphoea points to a specific involvement of B. burgdorferi or other similar strains in the development of or as a trigger of this disease.
Gold Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Ya Ding, Ziwen Jiang, Krishnendu Saha, Chang Soo Kim, Sung Tae Kim, Ryan F Landis, Vincent M Rotello
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Gold nanoparticles provide an attractive and applicable scaffold for delivery of nucleic acids. In this review, we focus on the use of covalent and noncovalent gold nanoparticle conjugates for applications in gene delivery and RNA-interference technologies. We also discuss challenges in nucleic acid delivery, including endosomal entrapment/escape and active delivery/presentation of nucleic acids in the cell.
Recovery from Incompatible Blood Transfusion Complicated by Anuria
Authors: C. L. Clinton-Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1955)

The specimen was a villous papilloma of the colon.Section of the growth showed marked cellular hyperchromatism and occasional mitoses, but there was no invasion of the bowel wall at the base of the tumour. COMMENTThe classification of benign tumours of the colon and rectum is much confused.Bockus (1944) gives a separate place to the villous papilloma as a variety of adenoma.Bacon (1938) describes the villous papilloma as a rare and single tumour, which may often become very large.He says it is more common in men than in women, and occurs between the ages of 35 and 55.On section the tumour is made up of innumerablel villi lined with columnar cells, and the very large surface area of the tumour explains the opportunity for fluid loss.It is stated that malignant degeneration occurs in 20% of the cases (Rankin et al., 1932).Burns (1950), in reporting nine cases, does not mention fluid loss to the point of dehydration.Eight of his patients are alive and well following various operations; one died from the operation.Further perusal of the literature has not revealed a case record in which the amount of fluid and electrolyte lost from the surface of the tumour was so great that extreme salt depletion and extrarenal uraemia was produced.
634 SALIVA AS A SOURCE FOR HEPATITIS B VIRUS DIAGNOSIS
Authors: L.M. Villar, H. Medina, C.A. Villela-Nogueira, L.C. Nabuco, K.M. Rodrigues do Ó, E.F. da Silva, L.L. Lewis-Ximenez, C.F.T. Yoshida, E. Lampe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
What should the citizen know about science?
Authors: M. Spiro
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

I share Professor Baron’s anxieties about public knowledge of science (October 2003 JRSM1), and am particularly concerned by the prejudice and ignorance evident in media announcements on medical subjects. As an undergraduate in 1949–1952 I was fortunate in attending a course on the history and philosophy of science, and the insight it gave me into the essentials of scientific deductive thought was of more benefit than many hours spent in the laboratories. I feel that, unless we can mend matters in the secondary schools, we will descend into a new dark age. This is part and parcel of the loss of linguistic skills; for without a facility in language it is impossible to convey the arguments upon which scientific knowledge is based. I suggest that, if the natural sciences are deemed inappropriate or too difficult to be compulsory subjects for examination at this stage, a course in the history and philosophy of science might be worthwhile and attractive.
Outcome of Treatment for Childhood Cancer in Black as Compared With White Children
Authors: Ching-Hon Pui, James M. Boyett, Michael L. Hancock, Charles B. Pratt, William H. Meyer, William M. Crist
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine whether there is a racial difference in prognosis among childhood cancers.An overall (30-year) survival analysis by race was followed by separate studies for "early" and "recent" treatment eras, defined by time points at which significantly improved outcome was demonstrated for specific tumor types. Stratified analyses were performed to adjust for recognized prognostic features.Pediatric oncology research and treatment center.The study included 798 black and 4507 white children with newly diagnosed malignancies treated from January 1962 through June 1992. These patients were accepted for treatment regardless of their financial status and were enrolled on disease-specific protocols.Across the 30-year study period, black children had a significantly poorer rate of survival than white children (P < .001, log-rank test). In the early treatment era, a significant difference was seen for all forms of cancer combined (P < .001), with 10-year Kaplan-Meier estimates (+/- SE) of 37% +/- 3% for black children and 50% +/- 1% for white children. This difference largely reflected the poorer prognosis of black children with the most common childhood cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the recent treatment era, there were no significant differences in treatment outcome by race for specific disease categories or for all forms of cancer combined. Ten-year survival rates were 67% +/- 6% for black children and 66% +/- 3% for white children, indicating a significantly greater improvement in the former group.With equal access to effective contemporary treatment, black children with cancer fare as well as white children when treated with protocol-based therapy at a pediatric oncology research center.