tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enteroliths of Small Intestine
Authors: H. J. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1951)

ANTI-S AGGLUTININ BRMSH bodies were not higher with the albumin/serum method and the indirect anti-human-globulin test.After heat- ing the serum for 10 minutes at 700 C. incomplete anti- bodies anti-C and anti-D were found, titre 1: 256, but no incomplete antibodies of the type anti-S could be detected with the albumin/serum inethod, indirect anti- human-globulin, or trypsin technique.In the period from October 26 to November 7, 1950, the patient received 4,500 ml. of A, Rh-negative, Snegative blood.No -reaction occurred, and the haemoglobin level increased from 35 to 60%.The titre of the antibody anti-S had decreased from 1: 16 to 1: 4.Apart from the transfusions of A, Rh-negative, Snegative blood, the patient received on October 26 20 ml. of A, Rh-negative, S-positive blood, which resulted in a febrile reaction (39' C.).Four days later the titre was 1: 32.Twelve days after this first attempt of artificial immunization 10 ml. of Rh-negative S-positive blood was given again, this time without causing any reaction.Five days later the titre had increased to 1: 64.Reinvestigation of the serum on December 21 revealed.a decrease in titre to 1: 4.Determination of the blood groups of husband and children revealed the following facts.
Nodular solar degeneration following herpes zoster
Authors: T. Yamamoto, A. Yokoyama
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Nodular solar degeneration following herpes zoster Get access T. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto Department of Dermatology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, 11‐7, Manabe‐shinmachi, Tsuchiura‐city, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Yokoyama A. Yokoyama Department of Dermatology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, 11‐7, Manabe‐shinmachi, Tsuchiura‐city, Ibaraki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 3, 1 March 1996, Page 606, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.t01-9-53778.x Published: 01 March 1996
Atopy patch test with house dust mite allergen - an IgE-mediated reaction?
Authors: L. Holm, G. Matuseviciene, A. Scheynius, M. Tengvall Linder
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The eczema reaction in the atopy patch test (APT) is proposed to be immunoglobulin (Ig)E mediated, but can take place also in individuals lacking allergen‐specific IgE in serum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of allergen‐specific serum IgE for the APT reaction. Methods: Ten patients with reproducible positive APT to extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , five patients with (group A) and five patients without (group B) detectable serum‐IgE to D. pteronyssinus , were tested with extract of D. pteronyssinus on normal skin for 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. Skin biopsies were taken and analysed for cell infiltrates, eosinophils (EG2), IgE, Fc ɛ RI, CD1a, CD4, CD8 and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Results: The number of IgE + , CD4 + , EG2 + and MMP9 + cells increased with time in group A. Fc ɛ RI + cells and CD8 + cells increased with time in both groups. A correlation was found between the levels of D. pteronyssinus ‐specific serum‐IgE and the score of dermal cell infiltrates at 72 h. The three patients with the highest values of allergen‐specific IgE also had the highest expression of EG2 + cells and the highest APT scores. Conclusions: Our study strengthens the hypothesis that the IgE molecule has a key role, at least as an amplifier, in the APT reaction.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis
Authors: Pierre Nahon, Jessica Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Liver carcinogenesis is a complex and multi-factorial process, in which both environmental and genetic features interfere and contribute to malignant transformation. Patients with cirrhosis are particularly exposed and justify periodical screenings in order to detect the early development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The risk of HCC is, however, not identical from one patient to another. The identification of host factors that may also play an important role in HCC development may improve our understanding of the implications of the various biological pathways involved in liver carcinogenesis; such progress may as well help refine the selection of patients who could benefit from specific preventative measures or could be given adapted screening policies. Numerous candidate-gene studies have reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the presence of HCC. Some of these publications unfortunately suffer from major methodological drawbacks because of their case-control, retrospective and monocentric aspect. Prospective cohort studies conducted in large homogeneous populations and comprising a sufficient number of events during follow-up may overcome these pitfalls, but require a long time to be conducted and are still scarce. More recently, the first Genome Wide Association studies (GWAs) have enabled the identification of unsuspected loci that may be involved in various steps implicated in liver tumourigenesis. Taken together, these studies highlight variants that modulate oxidative stress, iron metabolism, inflammatory and immune responses, DNA repair mechanisms or systems involved in cell-cycle regulation as genetic traits susceptible to modify the natural history of cirrhotic patients and partly explain the observed differences in the risk of HCC occurrence. However, large genetic epidemiology studies in the field of cancer diseases have suggested the limited ability of polymorphic traits, alone, to refine individual prognosis. The integration of various panels of genes into clinical scores may in the near future define a "genomic risk prediction" specific to liver cancer developed in cirrhotic patients.
32 P-Postlabeling Assay for Carcinogen-DNA Adducts: Nuclease P 1 -Mediated Enhancement of Its Sensitivity and Applications
Authors: M. Vijayaraj Reddy, Kurt Randerath
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Exceedingly sensitive assays are required for the detection of DNA adducts formed in humans exposed to low levels of environmental genotoxicants and therapeutic drugs. A 32P-postlabeling procedure for detection and quantitation of aromatic carcinogen-DNA lesions with a sensitivity limit of 1 adduct in 10(7) to 10(8) nucleotides has been described previously. In the standard procedure, DNA is enzymatically digested to 3'-phosphorylated normal and adducted mononucleotides, which are 32P-labeled at 5'-hydroxyl groups by T4 polynucleotide kinase-catalyzed [32P]phosphate transfer from [gamma-32P]ATP. 32P-labeled derivatives are resolved by TLC, detected by autoradiography, and quantitated by counting. This assay has been recently utilized for the determination and partial characterization of DNA adducts formed in somatic and reproductive tissues of rats given the clinically used anticancer drug, mitomycin C. The drug exhibits similar levels of covalent binding to DNA in most tissues. Further studies have revealed that adducted nucleotides are primarily guanine derivatives that are resistant to 3'-dephosphorylation by Penicillium citrinum nuclease P1. The latter observation has been utilized to enhance the 32P-assay's sensitivity to 1 adduct in 10(10) nucleotides for a 10-micrograms DNA sample by postincubation of DNA digests with nuclease P1 before 32P-labeling. The enzyme dephosphorylates the normal nucleotides but not most aromatic and bulky nonaromatic adducts, so that only the latter serve as substrates for the kinase-catalyzed labeling reaction. The new assay has also shown utility in the analysis of very low levels of age- and tissue-related DNA modifications, which might arise from dietary or endogenous compounds, in untreated rats and in humans.
Impairment of Lacrimal Secretion in the Unaffected Fellow Eye of Patients with Recurrent Unilateral Herpetic Keratitis
Authors: Mohamed M'Garrech, Antoine Rousseau, Godefroy Kaswin, Arnaud Sauer, Emmanuel Barreau, Tristan Bourcier, Marc Labetoulle
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION ON THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION*
Authors: Edward H. Bergofsky, David E. Lehr, Alfred P. Fishman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Although acidosis has long been known to cause vasodilation in certain systemic vascular beds (1- 3), its effect on the pulmonary vessels remains unsettled.This uncertainty stems from the in- consistent effects of an acute change in blood pH on the pulmonary circulation of the isolated lung (4-8) and of the lung perfused in situ (9), and the lack of observations on intact animals and man.Liljestrand, on the basis of experiments involv- ing the exposure of the isolated lung to severe hypoxia, recently proposed that the release of lactic acid from the cells of the lung is responsible for the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure during acute hypoxia (10).However, it is not clear to what extent this hypothesis, based on the behavior of an artificial preparation during drastic experimental conditions, applies to the behavior of the normal pulmonary circulation of either the intact animal or man during less severe hypoxia.The present study was designed to assess the role of acidosis in the regulation of the pulmonary circulation of intact animals and man.We found that acidosis can increase pulmonary vascular re- sistance.Experiments were then undertaken: 1) to distinguish between the effects of the hydrogen ion and the effects of the associated anions on the pulmonary circulation, and 2) to determine the role of acidosis in the pulmonary arterial pressor responses to acute hypoxia and to acute hyper- capnia. SUBJECTS AND METHODSAcute acidosis.In order to avoid the increase in min- ute ventilation which acidosis evokes in unanesthetized
Reversal of hepatitis B virus-induced immune tolerance by an immunostimulatory 3p-HBx-siRNAs in a retinoic acid inducible gene I-dependent manner
Authors: Qiuju Han, Cai Zhang, Jian Zhang, Zhigang Tian
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

It is extensively accepted that hepatitis B virus (HBV) escapes from innate immunity by inhibiting type I interferon (IFN) production, but efficient intervention to reverse the immune tolerance is still not achieved. Here, we report that 5'-end triphosphate hepatitis B virus X gene (HBx)-RNAs (3p-HBx-short interfering [si]RNAs) exerted significantly stronger inhibitory effects on HBV replication than regular HBx-siRNAs in stably HBV-expressing hepatoplastoma HepG2.2.15 cells through extremely higher expression of type I IFNs, IFN-induced genes and proinflammatory cytokines, and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) activation. Also, 3p-HBx-siRNA were more efficient to stimulate type I IFN response than HBx sequence-unrelated 3p-scramble-siRNA in HepG2.2.15 cells, indicating that a stronger immune-stimulating effect may partly result from the reversal of immune tolerance through decreasing HBV load. In RIG-I-overexpressed HepG2.2.15 cells, 3p-HBx-siRNAs exerted stronger inhibitory effects on HBV replication with greater production of type I IFNs; on the contrary, in RIG-I-silenced HepG2.2.15 cells or after blockade of IFN receptor by monoclonal antibody, inhibitory effect of 3p-HBx-siRNAs on HBV replication was largely attenuated, indicating that immunostimulatory function of 3p-HBx-siRNAs was RIG-I and type I IFN dependent. Moreover, in HBV-carrier mice, 3p-HBx-siRNA more strongly inhibited HBV replication and promoted IFN production than HBx-siRNA in primary HBV(+) hepatocytes and, therefore, significantly decreased serum hepatitis B surface antigen and increased serum IFN-β.3p-HBx-siRNAs may not only directly inhibit HBV replication, but also stimulate innate immunity against HBV, which are both beneficial for the inversion of HBV-induced immune tolerance.
Effect of Partial Gastrectomy on Pulmonary Physiology
Authors: K. N. V. Palmer, A. J. S. Gardiner, M. H. McGregor
Journal: BMJ (1964)

An upper abdominal operation has a profound effect on pulmonary mechanical function. This effect occurs in those who do not develop atelectasis, but patients with atelectasis show a greater and more persistent impairment of ventilatory function and, unlike normals, often develop reversible airways obstruction during the first three post-operative days as shown by increases in the peak expiratory flow rate after the inhalation of a bronchodilator drug (Palmer, 1961). We have investigated the effect of a major upper abdominal operation ?partial gastrectomy?on ventilatory function, arterial blood gas levels, and the acid-base balance.
Activation of Monocyte/Macrophage Functions Related to Acute Atheroma Complication by Ligation of CD40
Authors: François Mach, Uwe Schönbeck, Jean-Yves Bonnefoy, Jordan S. Pober, Peter Libby
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Plaque disruption with thrombosis commonly causes the acute coronary syndromes. Macrophages, abundant at sites of plaque rupture, release proteinases that weaken plaques and express tissue factor (TF), which initiates thrombosis. The signals that induce expression of these macrophage functions, particularly TF, remain obscure. Recent studies have localized the receptor CD40 and its ligand in human atheroma. This study tested the hypothesis that ligation of CD40 can activate key mononuclear phagocyte functions related to clinical manifestations of atheroma.Stimulation of human monocytes/macrophages through CD40 by either membranes from activated T cells or recombinant CD40L (rCD40L) induced expression of interstitial collagenase, stromelysin, and TF protein and activity. In contrast, the soluble cytokines interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha did not induce or weakly induced TF expression. Neutralization with anti-CD40L antibody markedly inhibited these actions of both T-cell membranes and rCD40L.By inducing the expression of matrix-degrading proteinases and of TF procoagulant, CD40 signaling may contribute to the triggering of acute coronary events.
Concern Expressed About FDA Reform Legislation
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

FOUR Washington, DC—based consumer groups have joined to protest the current draft legislation aimed at reforming the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The groups describe the proposals as a step backward in the regulation of safe and effective drugs. They also charge that the process by which Senate bill S-830 has reached the Senate floor is flawed because no public hearings were held on many of its provisions. The committee "did not hold a public hearing before reporting the bill favorably to the Senate. That was wrong. This bill is too important to slide through without a public hearing," said former Democratic Ohio senator Howard Metzenbaum, chair of the Consumer Federation of America. He added, "The bill would be harmful to the nation's health; it moves protective health machinery backwards." The other organizations joining the consumer federation in protest were Project Inform, the Center for Science in the Public Interest
What GPs know about asthma
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> The marketing authorisation for many injectable drugs used in palliative care does not cover the frequently preferred subcutaneous route. Consequently, subcutaneous off-label drug administration is often practised. <h3>Aim</h3> To assess the use, safety and tolerability of subcutaneous label and subcutaneous off-label drug administration in a Danish hospice. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Retrospective data from hospice inpatient records registered with subcutaneous drug administration. Prospective data of subcutaneous drug administration registered to hospice inpatients over a period of 2 months. <h3>Results</h3> Drugs were administered subcutaneously to 90% of patients in both studied cohorts. Thirty different drugs were administered subcutaneously. Ten (33%) drugs were authorised for subcutaneous administration, 14 (47%) for intramuscular and 6 (20%) for intravenous administration only. A search in major palliative literature and scientific publications revealed that 11 of the 20 subcutaneous off-labelled drugs were administered with little to no support from these sources. In seven patients, 11 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were registered. ADRs were all minor local reactions and led to drug discontinuation in two patients only. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Subcutaneous drug administration was frequently used in the hospice. Two-thirds of the drugs were administered subcutaneously off-label. The findings of only a few and minor ADRs indicate that the drugs identified in this study, although often subcutaneously off-label and with little support from palliative literature, were administered with acceptable safety and tolerability. Off-label treatment practised in the clinic should be identified, reported and serve as inspiration for future scientific research and incentives for extension of marketing authorisations.
167 CYSTATIN C AS A POTENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR HEPATORENAL SYNDROME DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS
Authors: S.G. Kim, S.K. Min, Y.S. Kim, S.H. Lee, S.W. Jeong, J.Y. Jang, H.S. Kim, B.S. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Loss of cyclin D1 does not inhibit the proliferative response of mouse liver to mitogenic stimuli
Authors: Giovanna M. Ledda-Columbano, Monica Pibiri, Danilo Concas, Costanza Cossu, Marco Tripodi, Amedeo Columbano
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Cyclin D1 is considered to play a critical role in the progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, and its overexpression is seen in many human tumors. However, previous studies in cell lines have shown that cyclin D1 is not sufficient to trigger cell replication. To directly test the role of cyclin D1 in the progression of the cell cycle, we have examined the proliferative response of hepatocytes to the hepatomitogen 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP) in mice with homozygous disruption of the cyclin D1 gene. We found that 24 hours after administration of TCPOBOP, the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive hepatocytes was significantly reduced in cyclin D1 −/− (labeling index was 1.9% in knockout mice vs. 9.7% of heterozygous mice); however, no difference in the number of proliferating hepatocytes was found 36 or 72 hours after treatment (labeling index was 16% and 43% in cyclin D1 −/− mice vs. 20% and 41% of heterozygous mice), indicating that lack of cyclin D1 may transiently delay entry into S phase but is not sufficient to inhibit the response of hepatocytes to mitogenic stimuli. The results also show that although there was no difference in hepatic protein levels of cyclin D2 and D3 between untreated cyclin D1 −/− and cyclin D1 +/− mice, messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of cyclin E were much higher in the former. In conclusion, our results show that cyclin D1 is not essential for liver development and hepatocyte proliferation induced by mitogenic stimuli and suggest that overexpression of cyclin E may compensate for the lack of cyclin D1. (Hepatology 2002;36:1098-1105.)
Transesophageal echocardiography before cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: is it needed for patients receiving conventional anticoagulation but having subtherapeutic INR?
Authors: Xuedong Shen, Huagui Li, Karen Rovang, Tom Hee, Mark J. Holmberg, Syed M. Mohiuddin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Retention of Urine
Authors: E. W. Riches
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDIBRfJoURNAL 887with oxidizing substances, it is essential that the red or reddish-pink colour developing in the test should invari- ably be submitted to chloroform extraction.By this means the most important single fallacy-namely, a pink colour due to urorosein-can be excluded.If it is suspected that the substance giving rise to a pink colour soluble in chloro- form is not urobilinogen (an exceptional finding if the re- agents are properly prepared and if very weak delayed colour reactions are disregarded), then a saturated solu- tion of sodium acetate should be added immediately after the aldehyde reagent to ensure the specificity of the test. ConclusionsEhrlich's aldehyde test is a simple and valuable clinical procedure for the detection of abnormal amounts of uro- bilinogen in the urine.The reaction is more sensitive if urines are tested in the fresh and warm state.The following precautions should be rigidly observed:(1) The hydrochloric acid in the test reagent should be of analytical standard and used in appropriate amount.(2) The reagent should be puqt out for use in small drop- bottles, and contamination with pipettes, etc., should be avoided.(3) The reaction should be considered negative unless a definite reddish-pink colour develops within five minutes at room 'temperature or within one minute at 350 C. ( 4) Chloroform extraction should be undertaken in every urine giving a red or reddish-pink colour subse- quent to the addition of aldehyde reagent. ( 5 Sodium acetate solution should be added immediately after the addition of Watson's reagent if Watson's test is employed.The addition of sodium acetate is unnecessary if Savory and Moore's reagent is employed in the amount used in these experiments. (6)The reagent should not contain alcohol, as this is unnecessary and more likely to produce false positive results with indole.Further work is required to determine the optimal quan- tities of paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde and hydrochloric acid to be included in reagents used for qualitative estima- tion of urobilinogen and the relative amounts of reagent and urine to be employed in the test.Having been deter- mined, these quantities should be strictly adhered to, as by this means the inhibition of specific urobilinogen colour reactions and the production of colour reactions due to indoles and other unknown substances will be reduced to a minimum.
In patients with obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension, CPAP reduced 24-hour blood pressure
Authors: Roop Kaw
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Martínez-García MA, Capote F, Campos-Rodríguez F, et al. Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension: the HIPARCO randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310:2407-15. 24327037
1011-108 Cardiac responses to intracoronary-delivered stem cells in apolipoprotein-null mice: Assessment by langendorff perfusion
Authors: Shu Li, Jing Lin, Eric Lenehan, Mitra Rajabi, Rosalinda Madonna, Corina Rosales, James T Willerson, Yong J Geng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Voluntary health associations have made enormous contributions to the control of many major diseases. The National Tuberculosis Association (NTA), established in 1903, was one of the first to be organized, and others that followed patterned their organizational structure and activities after the NTA. The major strength of voluntary health groups is the cooperative effort and understanding they create between physicians and lay persons who together share responsibilities on governing boards and committees. The main activities of voluntary health associations are support of research, public education service to patients, support of professional education, and advice to government on legislation and regulation. The control of tuberculosis and the conquest of poliomyelitis, advances in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, and the success of renal dialysis and transplantation are examples of what can be accomplished by voluntary health agencies. These successes have served to encourage the formation of other groups whose members