tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the BBC's 999 training roadshows on cardiopulmonary resuscitation: video performance of cohort of unforewarned participants at home six months afterwards
Authors: C L. Morgan, P D Donnelly, C A Lester, D H Assar
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the competence of a cohort trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation by the BBC9s 999 training roadshows. <b>Design</b>: Descriptive cohort study applying an innovative testing procedure to a nationwide systematic sample. The test sample received an unsolicited home visit and without warning were required to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a manikin while being videoed. The videos were then analysed for effectiveness and safety using the new test. <b>Setting</b>: Nine cities and surrounding areas in the United Kingdom. <b>Subjects</b>: 280 people aged between 11 and 72. <b>Results</b>: Thirty three (12%) trainees were able to perform effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but of these 14 (5%) performed one or more elements in a way that was deemed to be potentially injurious. Thus only 19 (7%) trainees were able at six months to provide safe cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In addition, large numbers of subjects failed to shout for help, effectively assess the status of the patient, or alert an ambulance. Significantly better performances were recorded by those under 45 years old (31 (14%) v 2 (4%) gave effective performances respectively, P&lt;0.05), those who had attended a subsequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation course (8 (40%) v 25 (10%) gave effective performances respectively, P&lt;0.0001), and those confident in their initial ability (26 (20%) v 7 (6%) gave effective performances respectively, P&lt;0.005). Females were significantly less likely than males to perform procedures in a harmful way (117 (62%) v 10 (12%) performed safely respectively, P&lt;0.005). <b>Conclusion</b>: Television is an effective means of generating large training cohorts. Volunteers will cooperate with unsolicited testing in their home, such testing being a realistic simulation of the stress and lack of forewarning that would surround a real event. Under such conditions the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation was disappointing. However, retraining greatly improves performance. <h3>Key messages</h3> Training for the lay public in cardiopulmonary resuscitation has increased with such initiatives as BBC television9s 999 national roadshows, but the effectiveness of this training has not been rigorously evaluated In this study 280 people who had attended a roadshow were tested, unforewarned, six months later in their home, their management of a simulated case of cardiac arrest being videotaped for later analysis Only 12% of subjects performed cardiopulmo- nary resuscitation effectively As well as performing cardiopulmonary resusci- tation ineffectively, 39% of subjects performed one or more procedures in a way that could complicate the recovery of a casualty Although the 999 roadshows undoubtedly recruit many lay people, attention should now be given to retraining strategies
A PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR LOW BACK PAIN IN JAPANESE ELITE SWIMMERS
Authors: M Hangai, K Koizumi, T Noriyuki, T Okuwaki, K Kaneoka
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background It is known that lumbar disc degeneration (DD) might be associated with low back pain (LBP). Moreover, the DD rate is higher in swimmers than in other sports athletes.We have experienced several Japanese Olympic swimmers who could not show their best performance due to LBP. Objective To investigate if the intervention by a LBP prevention program is effective for Japanese elite swimmer's performance. Design Prospective longitudinal study. Setting Japanese swimmers for the Beijing and London Olympics and elite national swimmers from 2009 to 2011. Participants 57 swimmers (29 males and 28 females). Risk factor assessment T2-weighted sagittal MR images of lumber spine were taken once a year. The degree of DD was categorized into 5 grades using the Pfirrmann's classification. Change in the grade by MR images was evaluated. The prevention program consists of 2 components. One is control of axial load training for the lumbar spine depending on their grade. The other is the implement of stability training for the lumbar spine by physical trainers to all swimmers at competitions and training camps. Main outcome measurements Severe LBP affected the swimmer's performance in the competition during follow-up periods. Results The DD rate of the all swimmers was 54.4%. The DD rates of Beijing and London Olympians were 51.6% and 59.3%, respectively. Severe LBP was found in 3 of 5 swimmers with aggravation of the DD grades. However, there was no swimmer who did not withdraw from the London Olympics due to LBP after the implementation of 4 years prevention program. Conclusions Our results suggest that the swimmer's aggravation of DD grade was associated with LBP. However, although the DD rate of London Olympians was higher than that of Beijing Olympians, there was no London Olympian who could not perform due to LBP. Our study shows that the LBP prevention program may be effective in elite swimmers in terms of performance.
Cytokine release from the nasal mucosa and whole blood after experimental exposures to organic dusts
Authors: T Sigsgaard, E.C. Bonefeld-Jorgensen, S.k Kjaergaard, S Mamas, O.f Pedersen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

The aim of this study was to assess the cytokine response after nasal exposure to organic dusts. In a double blinded, crossover study five garbage workers with occupational airway symptoms and five healthy garbage workers were intranasally exposed to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide LPS), beta-1,3-D-glucan (GLU), Aspergillus sp., compost or the saline dilute for 15 min. Nasal cavity volume and nasal lavage (NAL) were performed at baseline and 3, 6, 11 h postexposure. NAL was analysed with differential cell counts, cysteinyl-leukotrienes, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8. A whole blood assay on cytokine-release was performed with LPS and GLU. NAL cytokines neutrophils, lymphocytes and albumin increased significantly at 6 h after LPS exposure. GLU induced an increase in albumin and a slight increase in IL-1beta 6-11 h post exposure. In the WBA a significant increase in all cytokines after exposure to LPS as well as GLU was found. Significantly more cells were seen in NAL of the control group 6 h post LPS exposure. In conclusion lipopolysaccharide is the most potent inducer of inflammation in the nasal mucosa whereas compost and beta-1,3-D-glucan only induce minor changes. This reaction to lipopolysaccharide is attenuated in workers with occupational airway symptoms. In whole blood assay, however, beta-1,3-D-glucan also induces cytokine release, indicating a different protective effect of the nasal mucosa towards lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-D-glucan.
Relaxation therapies for asthma: a systematic review
Authors: A Huntley
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Background: Emotional stress can either precipitate or exacerbate both acute and chronic asthma. There is a large body of literature available on the use of relaxation techniques for the treatment of asthma symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if there is any evidence for or against the clinical efficacy of such interventions. Methods: Four independent literature searches were performed on Medline, Cochrane Library, CISCOM, and Embase. Only randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were included. There were no restrictions on the language of publication. The data from trials that statistically compared the treatment group with that of the control were extracted in a standardised predefined manner and assessed critically by two independent reviewers. Results: Fifteen trials were identified, of which nine compared the treatment group with the control group appropriately. Five RCTs tested progressive muscle relaxation or mental and muscular relaxation, two of which showed significant effects of therapy. One RCT investigating hypnotherapy, one of autogenic training, and two of biofeedback techniques revealed no therapeutic effects. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was poor. Conclusions: There is a lack of evidence for the efficacy of relaxation therapies in the management of asthma. This deficiency is due to the poor methodology of the studies as well as the inherent problems of conducting such trials. There is some evidence that muscular relaxation improves lung function of patients with asthma but no evidence for any other relaxation technique.
A UNIVERSAL BONE RONGEUR
Authors: Philip Lewin
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The new instrument here described has been found useful in a large variety of operations on bones and joints. The mechanical principle on which the instrument is based was suggested to me about eight years ago by the late Dr. George Marshall of Kokomo, Ind., who made, by hand, his original model for hammer toe operations. I have found this rongeur valuable in the operations of laminectomy, cheilectomy, hallux valgus, hammer toes, spine fusion, shaping and cutting bone grafts, arthrodesis of the foot and biopsy. The instrument is used more and more in situations in which I formerly used an osteotome, chisel, punch or rongeur. Some of the advantages of this instrument are that (1) it is almost universal in application; (2) the operator can cut bone to an accurately desired depth; (3) it will cut the hard dense cortex of the tibia or femur and the soft cancellous bone
Abstract 3696: Resveratrol inhibits oxidative stress and prevents estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis via activation of NRF2-mediated protective pathways.
Authors: Bhupendra Singh, Amruta Ronghe, Anwesha Chatterjee, Hari K. Bhat
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The importance of estrogens in the etiology of breast cancer is widely recognized. Estrogen-induced oxidative stress has been implicated in this carcinogenic process. Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant phytoestrogen has chemopreventive effects against a variety of illnesses including cancer. The objective of the present study was to characterize the mechanism of resveratrol-mediated protection against estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. Female ACI rats were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2), resveratrol, and resveratrol + E2 for 8 months. Co-treatment of rats with resveratrol + E2 significantly increased tumor latency and reduced E2-induced breast tumor development. Resveratrol treatment upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression and inhibited E2-mediated changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes in the mammary tissues. Resveratrol upregulated NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes NQO1, SOD3, and OGG1 a gene involved in protection against oxidative DNA damage. Resveratrol also prevented E2-mediated inhibition of detoxification genes flavin monooxygenase 1, aldehyde oxidase 1 and monoamine oxidase b1. Resveratrol treatment upregulated NRF2 expression by inhibiting E2-mediated alterations in NRF2 promoter methylation pattern and by reverting E2-mediated increased expression of NRF2 targeting micoRNA miR-93. Resveratrol treatment induced apoptosis and inhibited E2-mediated increase in 8-OHdG levels, a marker of oxidative DNA damage. Decreased colony formation, mammosphere formation and cell migration in resveratrol-treated MCF-10A cells further suggest protective role of resveratrol against E2-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that resveratrol inhibits E2-induced breast carcinogenesis through inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of NRF2-mediated protective pathways. Citation Format: Bhupendra Singh, Amruta Ronghe, Anwesha Chatterjee, Hari K. Bhat. Resveratrol inhibits oxidative stress and prevents estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis via activation of NRF2-mediated protective pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3696. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3696
Hypotheses and Conclusions
Authors: Sidney Shindell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THE PRECEDING ARTICLES of this series, an attempt was made to indicate the kind of questions to be asked about the manner in which data are first collected, then summarized, and finally analyzed. We dealt with an example of a situation in which we wished to establish a simple fact—the quantity of a specific occurrence in a population. In pursuing this fact, we found we had to question many things: We had to question the specific source from which the information might be obtained, question what might constitute a manageable portion which we could examine, question the method by which our observation could be made, question the manner in which our observational results might be translated into precise and manipulatable symbols, and finally question whether the symbols we used constituted an accurate representation of our findings. We later saw that as we became involved in the comparison of observations
Integration of suppression subtractive hybridization, laser capture microdissection and microarray analysis for identification of genes implicated in neuroblastoma pathogenesis
Authors: Jo Vandesompele, Nadine Van Roy, Geneviève Laureys, Katleen De Preter, Geert Berx, Kristin Strumane, Anne De Paepe, Frans Van Roy, Frank Speleman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
Reading Retreat for Continuing Education
Authors: PHILLIP D. BERTRAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1976Reading Retreat for Continuing EducationPHILLIP D. BERTRAM, M.D.PHILLIP D. BERTRAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-500_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Frommeyer's paper (1) in the September 1973 issue lists rational reasons for continuing education. Obviously, programs to build knowledge and self-confidence in physicians, promote better patient care, and reassure politicians that the medical community has not succumbed to the status quo are worthy and necessary. Adopting the best approach to continuing education remains a nebulous affair, however. Various solutions have been proposed, all with some attributes but none without flaws.The time-honored, albeit unproved, approaches are self-study, which requires considerable time and self-discipline and lacks supervision, and medical meetings. The potential teaching value of most medical meetings...References1. FROMMEYER W: Recertification: a status report. Ann Intern Med 79:441-443, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEWIS C and HASSANEIN R: Continuing medical education: an epidemiologic evaluation. N Engl J Med 282:254-259, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PETERSDORF R: Recertification: a good beginning. Ann Intern Med 82:583-584, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar4. LIBBY G, WEINSWIG M, and KIRK K: Help stamp out mandatory continuing education. JAMA 233:797-799, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. PLITMAN G: The reading retreat. Bull Am Coll Physicians 15:60, July 1974 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PHILLIP D. BERTRAM, M.D.Affiliations: Internal Medicine Group 221 Oak Street Cookeville, Tennessee 38501 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1976Volume 84, Issue 4Page: 500-500KeywordsContinuing medical educationPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SQUAMOUS CELL SKIN CANCER
Authors: Gunnar Swanbeck
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SQUAMOUS CELL SKIN CANCER Get access Gunnar Swanbeck Gunnar Swanbeck Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 4, 1 October 1971, Pages 394–396, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14035.x Published: 01 October 1971
Brian Alec Latham
Authors: J. Mathews, C. Latham
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Brian Alec Latham was born in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex where he spent a happy childhood. There were no siblings. His was at school as a border at Bishops Stortford College, where he particularly enjoyed swimming, cricket, and taking part in theatrical productions. His extramural and social activities included cycling in the surrounding countryside, usually with the aim of visiting a country church, where he could not resist the temptation to try his hand at the organ. A special feature at the end of a trip was a determined hunt for a tea shop, a characteristic that remained with him on all feasible trips for the rest of his life.

He read natural sciences at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, clinical medicine at Guy’s Hospital Medical …
SOME PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN 538 TRANSORBITAL LOBOTOMY CASES
Authors: C. L. JACKSON, E. GARTLY JACO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

A statistical analysis was made of the significance of 18 psychiatric and sociologic factors in improvement and unimprovement of 538 mental patients following transorbital lobotomy. The results indicated that 57% showed improvement while 43% failed to improve. Fatalities amounted to 2%. Fifty-three percent left the hospital following transorbital lobotomy with 31% still remaining out of the hospital to date. Thirteen factors were found to significantly discriminate between improvement and unimprovement following transorbital lobotomy: sex, color, diagnosis, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, number of electric shock treatments, number of insulin coma hours, marital status, education, occupational class, church affiliation, venereal history, and readmission status. The remaining 5 factors found to be insignificant in improvement and unimprovement following transorbital lobotomy were: age, onset of illness, suicidal tendencies, birth order, and number of siblings of the patient. Profiles of the theoretical patient more likely and less likely to improve following transorbital lobotomy are presented.
Secretion of insulinlike growth factor I and insulinlike growth factor-binding proteins by murine bone marrow stromal cells.
Authors: S L Abboud, C R Bethel, D C Aron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulates hematopoiesis. We examined whether bone marrow stromal cells synthesize IGF-I. Secretion of IGF-I immunoreactivity by cells from TC-1 murine bone marrow stromal cells was time-dependent and inhibited by cycloheximide. Gel filtration chromatography under denaturing conditions of TC-1 conditioned medium demonstrated two major peaks of apparent IGF-I immunoreactivity with molecular weights of approximately 7.5-8.0 kD, the size of native IGF-I, and greater than 25 kD. Expression of IGF-I mRNA was identified by both RNase protection assay and reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction. To determine whether the greater than 25-kD species identified by RIA possessed IGF-binding activity, a potential cause of artifactual IGF-I immunoreactivity, charcoal adsorption assay of these gel filtration fractions was performed. The peak of IGF-binding activity coeluted with apparent IGF-I immunoreactivity suggesting that TC-1 cells secrete IGF-binding protein(s). Unfractionated conditioned medium exhibited linear dose-dependent increase in specific binding of [125I]-IGF-I with a pattern of displacement (IGF-I and IGF-II much greater than insulin) characteristic of IGF-binding proteins. Western ligand analysis of conditioned medium showed three IGF-I binding species of approximately 31, 38, and 40 kD. These data indicate that TC-1 bone marrow stromal cells synthesize and secrete IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins and constitute a useful model system to study their regulation and role in hematopoiesis.
Hyperosmolar Therapy for Raised Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Allan H. Ropper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 49-year-old woman with traumatic brain injury after an automobile accident is found to have raised intracranial pressure, and hyperosmolar therapy is recommended. Hyperosmolar therapy with either hypertonic saline or mannitol reduces intracranial pressure by reducing brain volume.
Incidental Asymptomatic Adrenal Masses Detected by Computed Tomographic Scanning
Authors: Richard A. Prinz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Until recently, adrenal masses came to clinical attention either from local symptoms due to massive enlargement or from manifestations of excess hormones production. During the last year, an adrenal mass was identified as an incidental finding in nine patients undergoing abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scanning for unrelated problems. These five men and four women ranged in age from 41 to 73 years. Eight were hypertensive. After the CT scan, each was evaluated for catecholamine or steroid hypersecretion. Only one had clearly elevated urinary vanillylmandelic acid, metanephrine, and catecholamine levels. Equivocal evidence of catecholamine excess was seen in five patients who had slight elevation of one urinary metabolite or of plasma epinephrine or norepinephrine levels. Three patients had no evidence of medullary or cortical hyperfunction on repeated testing. Eight patients were good operative risks and underwent unilateral adrenalectomy without complication. Masses ranging in size from 1 to 4 cm were found in each. These included four cortical adenomas, two adrenal cysts, one adrenal lipoma, and one pheochromocytoma. The pheochromocytoma occurred in the patient with strong biochemical evidence of disease. With wider application of CT imaging, increasing numbers of asymptomatic adrenal masses will be detected. Care in interpreting the clinical significance of these masses and caution in recommending treatment are required.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and anesthesia.
Authors: J. W. Warrick
Journal: BMJ (1968)

gations: chest x-ray normal; Hb 55%; W.B.C. 7,100 with normal diffierential; iron deficiency on the blood film; E.S.R. 138 mm. in one hour; Paul-Bunnell test negative.Blood culture revealed Haemophilus influenzae type B sensitive to all the usual antibiotics except sulphonamide.This child was treated with ampicillin and made a good recovery.My point in recording this case history is to emphasize that septicaemia due to Haemo- philus influenzae may not be as rare as we had thought and one can easily envisage such a child as I have mentioned developing osteomyelitis due to this organism.-Iam, etc.,
Potentiation by Anticholinesterases of the Response of Rat Mesenteric Arteries to Sympathetic Postganglionic Nerve Stimulation
Authors: KAFAIT U. MALIK
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The anticholinesterase agents, physostigmine, neostigmine, and diisopropylfluorophosphonate were studied for their effect on the vasoconstrictor responses of perfused mesenteric arteries of rat produced by stimulation of their sympathetic postganglionic nerves. The experiments were performed at 30°C. All three anticholinesterase drugs greatly potentiated the vasoconstrictor response to nerve stimulation at a frequency of 1/sec, increased it less at a frequency of 2/sec, and still less at a frequency of 3/sec. At a frequency of 6/sec, there was practically no increase. The infusion of physostigmine potentiated slightly the response to injected norepinephrine, whereas the infusion of neostigmine or diisopropylfluorophosphonate did not alter the response to injected norepinephrine. The increase in response to adrenergic nerve stimulation produced by anticholinesterase agents was interpreted to be due to the inactivation of cholinesterase, thereby causing an increased accumulation of acetylcholine which in turn liberated more norepinephrine from the sympathetic postganglionic fibers.