tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HOSPITAL CLINICAL RECORDS
Authors: JAMES S. BROTHERHOOD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The apparatus which seems to fill the needs above mentioned is simple in construction, and consists of:I.An iridoplatinum needle (a) !) cm.long with a bore of 1 nun.which is attached to '.'.An elbow (li) into one arm of which a plug (e) is lilted.This plug can easily he removed and a trocar inserted, should the needle become clogged.The other arm (il) is attached to :!.A 3-way slop-cock, one arm (g) of which comes .dl'al right angles to Ihe direclion of Ihe needle, and i-used Hi withdraw Ihe Huid [\<ci\ in tbe various tests.I.A manometer consisting of a piece of glass tubing Iront 400 lo (¡"H nun.long, (i mm.thick and of 1 nun..bore.This is attached to the arm (/') of Ihe stop-cock' by means of a perforated plug.The manometer is
Characterization of polypeptides serologically and structurally related to hexosaminidase in cultured fibroblasts.
Authors: F Tsui, D J Mahuran, J A Lowden, T Mosmann, R A Gravel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Human fibroblasts synthesize several polypeptides that assort into the various forms of hexosaminidase (hex). We report here the occurrence of three newly identified, hexosaminidase-related polypeptides resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates from [35S]methionine-labeled cell extracts. These polypeptides, called band 2 (75,000), band 3 (70,000), and band 4 (63,000), were immunoprecipitated by an antiserum specific to placental hex I2. They are distinct from pre-alpha- (60,000) and pre-beta- (58,000) precursor polypeptides and the alpha- (56,000), beta a- (27,000), and beta b- (27,000) polypeptides of the mature hex A (alpha beta a beta b) and hex B (2[beta a beta b]). When fibroblast extracts were chromatographed on DEAE-Sepharose, bands 2, 3, and 4 were eluted together in fractions before hex A, in a position characteristic of serum and placental hex I2 and serum hex P. This suggests that bands 2, 3, and 4 might represent the polypeptides of a fibroblast hex I. The analysis of partial proteolytic digests of the radioactively labeled polypeptides revealed that bands 2 and 3, pre-beta, and beta a had several peptides in common, suggesting that they are structurally related to each other. However, bands 2, 3, and 4 were present in extracts of Tay-Sachs (pre-alpha and alpha deficiency) and Sandhoff cells (pre-beta, beta a, and beta b deficiency) and appeared later than pre-beta in pulse-chase experiments. These results suggest that bands 2 and 3 occur independently of pre-beta and beta a and are probably specified by different mRNA, whether from the same gene or distinct but homologous genes.
A healthy alternative to climate change negotiations
Authors: R. Stott
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The international climate change negotiations in Copenhagen are only weeks away. And the crucial preparatory meeting, at which most of the real negotiations will be finalised, takes place in New York next week. Two months ago I attended a similar conference at Chatham House. Let’s hope this wasn’t a dress rehearsal for what’s to come.

Climate change and the disparity in access to resources between the rich and the poor are the defining public health problems of the 21st century. Tackling climate change has the potential to transform the health of the rich and the poor ( Lancet 2009;373:1693-733). Most people rate good health as high on their list of wants, so knowing about the benefits to health of tackling climate change will predispose the public to support the radical action we need. The optimistic message that what is good for climate change is also good for health must be widely disseminated. 

So the Chatham house conference, featuring senior negotiators from across the globe and influential members of civil society, should have been packed with health professionals, but as has so often been the case in these forums I was the only one present. As ever, the …
Blood Culture Collection for Suspected Bacteremia
Authors: Patrick Eckert, Jamil D. Bayram, Rodney Omron
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SAR405838: An Optimized Inhibitor of MDM2–p53 Interaction That Induces Complete and Durable Tumor Regression
Authors: Shaomeng Wang, Wei Sun, Yujun Zhao, Donna McEachern, Isabelle Meaux, Cédric Barrière, Jeanne A. Stuckey, Jennifer L. Meagher, Longchuan Bai, Liu Liu, Cassandra Gianna Hoffman-Luca, Jianfeng Lu, Sanjeev Shangary, Shanghai Yu, Denzil Bernard, Angelo Aguilar, Odette Dos-Santos, Laurent Besret, Stéphane Guerif, Pascal Pannier, Dimitri Gorge-Bernat, Laurent Debussche
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Blocking the oncoprotein murine double minute 2 (MDM2)–p53 protein–protein interaction has long been considered to offer a broad cancer therapeutic strategy, despite the potential risks of selecting tumors harboring p53 mutations that escape MDM2 control. In this study, we report a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the MDM2–p53 interaction, SAR405838 (MI-77301), that has been advanced into phase I clinical trials. SAR405838 binds to MDM2 with Ki = 0.88 nmol/L and has high specificity over other proteins. A cocrystal structure of the SAR405838:MDM2 complex shows that, in addition to mimicking three key p53 amino acid residues, the inhibitor captures additional interactions not observed in the p53–MDM2 complex and induces refolding of the short, unstructured MDM2 N-terminal region to achieve its high affinity. SAR405838 effectively activates wild-type p53 in vitro and in xenograft tumor tissue of leukemia and solid tumors, leading to p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. At well-tolerated dose schedules, SAR405838 achieves either durable tumor regression or complete tumor growth inhibition in mouse xenograft models of SJSA-1 osteosarcoma, RS4;11 acute leukemia, LNCaP prostate cancer, and HCT-116 colon cancer. Remarkably, a single oral dose of SAR405838 is sufficient to achieve complete tumor regression in the SJSA-1 model. Mechanistically, robust transcriptional upregulation of PUMA induced by SAR405838 results in strong apoptosis in tumor tissue, leading to complete tumor regression. Our findings provide a preclinical basis upon which to evaluate SAR405838 as a therapeutic agent in patients whose tumors retain wild-type p53. Cancer Res; 74(20); 5855–65. ©2014 AACR.
<scp>SIE</scp>, <scp>SIES</scp>, <scp>GITMO</scp> revised guidelines for the management of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Pier Luigi Zinzani, Monia Marchetti, Atto Billio, Giovanni Barosi, Angelo Michele Carella, Mario Lazzarino, Maurizio Martelli, Alessandro Rambaldi, Luigi Rigacci, Corrado Tarella, Umberto Vitolo, Sante Tura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

By using the GRADE system, we updated the guidelines for management of follicular cell lymphoma issued in 2006 from SIE, SIES, and GITMO group. We confirmed our recommendation to frontline chemoimmunotherapy in patients with Stage III-IV disease and/or high tumor burden. Maintenance rituximab was also recommended in responding patients. In patients relapsing after an interval longer than 12 months from frontline therapy, we recommended chemoimmunotherapy with non cross-resistant regimens followed by rituximab maintenance. High dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplant was recommended for young fit patients who achieve a response after salvage chemoimmunotherapy.
P1055 THE CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF THE CHB AND LC PATIENTS TREATED WITH LONG TERM NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGS UNDER WHOLE-COURSE MANAGEMENT: A REAL-LIFE COHORT STUDY
Authors: J.-N. Jiang, S.-H. Li, M.-H. Su, S.-H. Zhong, B.-J. Wang, X.-L. Wu, A.-L. Lu, Y.-Y. Mo, P. Liang, Z.-H. Liu, R. Xie, W.-D. Fu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
EXTERNAL URETHROTOMY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE GENERAL SURGEON.
Authors: JOHN C. MUNRO
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The general surgeon is not infrequently called on, especially in his hospital work, to perform external urethrotomy for one condition or another, and it has seemed worth while to make an informal report of 50 cases that have come in my own practice within the last few years. There is no operation so fascinating, nor at times so difficult to perform. A good knowledge of anatomy, patience, and careful, often slow, dissection is requisite. A single false step is frequently fatal to a clear operation. To complete an operation that has been started by another operator is most difficult, as the writer has found on several occasions. Naturally most of the operations are for deep stricture, but there are many other conditions, expected and unexpected, that require an opening into the urethra, and these conditions lend additional interest to an operation otherwise considered as a routine. The surgeon in the
Pathological Cell-Cell Interactions Elicited by a Neuropathogenic Form of Mutant Huntingtin Contribute to Cortical Pathogenesis in HD Mice
Authors: Xiaofeng Gu, Chenjian Li, Weizheng Wei, Victor Lo, Shiaoching Gong, Shi-Hua Li, Takuji Iwasato, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Xiao-Jiang Li, Istvan Mody, Nathaniel Heintz, X. William Yang
Journal: Neuron (2005)
A nonsynonymous SNP in PRKCH (protein kinase C η) increases the risk of cerebral infarction
Authors: Michiaki Kubo, Jun Hata, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Koichi Matsuda, Koji Yonemoto, Toshiaki Nakano, Tomonaga Matsushita, Keiko Yamazaki, Yozo Ohnishi, Susumu Saito, Takanari Kitazono, Setsuro Ibayashi, Katsuo Sueishi, Mitsuo Iida, Yusuke Nakamura, Yutaka Kiyohara
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Military Medical Schools
Authors: Richard P. Granse
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The recent letter of BG Thomas J. Whelan (220:1363, 1972) advocated the establishment of a military medical school as a means to alleviate the shortage of well-qualified, career military physicians. As I recently completed a three-year tour as an Army physician at Fort Richardson, Alaska, I feel qualified to add a note of caution. During my tour, I encountered many well-qualified Army and Air Force physicians who had trained in military residency programs. Shortly after completing their training, about 90% of them expressed severe dissatisfaction with their military experience, and had, or were making plans to resign from the service.  The military service does indeed have a problem of emergency proportions in retaining qualified career physicians, but establishing a military medical school will not alleviate it. It may, in fact, accelerate the military medical student's dissatisfaction with the service as he will have a prolonged and constant
Epidemiology and Familial Risk of Synchronous and Metachronous Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study in Utah
Authors: N Jewel Samadder, Karen Curtin, Jathine Wong, Thérèse M F Tuohy, Geraldine P Mineau, Ken Robert Smith, Richard Pimentel, Lisa Pappas, Ken Boucher, Ignacio Garrido-Laguna, Dawn Provenzale, Randall W Burt
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Smoking and stroke: a causative role
Authors: M. I Aldoori, S. H Rahman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Stroke remains the third leading cause of death in most Western countries and is second only to myocardial infarction as a cause of cardiovascular death. Many epidemiological studies have established cigarette smoking as an important risk factor for stroke. Until recently, however, this relation was based on observational studies and the effects of smoking were thought to be synergistic with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, glucose intolerance, age, hypercholesterolaemia, and pre-existing cardiovascular disease.1 Now we have definite evidence that smoking itself has a direct causal effect on stroke.

The relation between smoking and atherosclerosis was observed as early as 1908 by Buerger, who noted severe distal ischaemia among young male addicted smokers.2 The earliest report associating stroke and extracranial arterial disease is credited to Gowers, who in 1875 showed left carotid artery occlusion in a patient with right hemiplegia and loss of sight in the left eye.3

The Framingham Heart Study was among the first to assess these the …
Incidental Renal Artery Stenosis Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Kwok-Wai Mui, Mengalvio Sleeswijk, Huib van den Hout, Jef van Baal, Gerjan Navis, Arend-Jan Woittiez
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

In patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), mortality is high and renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a frequent incidental finding. RAS carries a high risk for mortality, but whether incidentally discovered RAS is a risk factor for mortality is unknown. The prognostic impact of incidental RAS for mortality was studied in 550 consecutive patients who underwent intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography for PVD in a single center between 1997 and 2000. In 491 patients (336 men, 155 women; mean follow-up 3.8 +/- 1.9 yr), the renal arteries were visualized and follow-up data were available. RAS (diameter reduction > 50%) was present in 26% of the patients. Mortality in the RAS group was 59 versus 28% in the non-RAS group (odds ratio 3.8; 95% confidence interval 2.5 to 5.7; P < 0.0001). Diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, history of PVD, stroke, and hypertension were more frequent in the RAS group; age was higher and GFR was lower in the RAS group. Therefore, RAS was associated with elevated mortality and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed that RAS was an independent predictor for mortality (P = 0.005), along with age, diabetes, smoking, previous myocardial infarction, history of PVD, and stroke. In patients who were evaluated for PVD by digital subtraction angiography, mortality was high. Incidental RAS was a frequent finding and an independent predictor for mortality. Whether RAS is a marker for or, alternatively, a mediator of the poor prognosis and whether prognosis can be improved by specific intervention should be the subject of future prospective studies.
High-dose cyclophosphamide as single-agent, short-course prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Leo Luznik, Javier Bolaños-Meade, Marianna Zahurak, Allen R. Chen, B. Douglas Smith, Robert Brodsky, Carol Ann Huff, Ivan Borrello, William Matsui, Jonathan D. Powell, Yvette Kasamon, Steven N. Goodman, Allan Hess, Hyam I. Levitsky, Richard F. Ambinder, Richard J. Jones, Ephraim J. Fuchs
Journal: Blood (2010)
Arsenicosis
Authors: Walter H. C. Burgdorf, Leonard J. Hoenig
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Thanks to stories like the play Arsenic and Old Lace, familiarity with arsenic poisoning is widespread. Few have even heard of chronic arsenic toxicity or arsenicosis, which initially is a dermatological problem. Patients present with mottled hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation, knownas “raindropson adusty road,” andpalmoplantar keratoses aswell asmultiple squamous cell andbasal cell carcinomas. Later, internal cancerscandevelop,mostoften involvingthe lungsandbladder.Only inorganic formsofarsenicare implicated inarsenicosis, andsystemic features vary with the arsenic salt; for example, in Taiwan, severe peripheral vascular disease knownas “black footdisease”develops.Noarsenicosis developed when organic arsenic compounds like Salvarsan were used to treat syphilis. Traditional sources of chronic exposure have been industrial, especially smelting zinc or copper ores. Arsenicwaswidely used as an insecticide, often as Paris green, so that agricultural workers and especially vintners who drank contaminated grappa were at risk. Arsenic tonics wereused to treatbothasthmaandpsoriasis; iatrogenic arsenicosiswas describedaround 1890bybothSir JonathanHutchinson inLondon,England, and James C. White in Boston, Massachusetts. Whilegroundwater contaminationwitharsenic and resultant arsenicosis has long been identified in many countries, such as China, Thailand, andArgentina, and in theGangesDelta, the situationhasdramatically changed in the past 4 decades. In the 1970s, UNICEF encouraged theboring of deep (20-80m) tubewells in Bangladesh to eliminate the health problems from drinking contaminated surface water. The first cases of arsenicosis were identified a decade later. By the time it was determined in the early 1990s that the well water was rich in arsenic, amajor public health disasterwas underway,whichhasbeen called the greatestmass poisoning in history. In 2000, at least 25%of thewells providedwater containingmore than5ppbof arsenic,meaning that 35 to 77million of Bangladesh’s 125million peoplewere drinking contaminatedwater. A later study did not shown any improvement. Efforts to solve the problem have included drilling still deeper wells into aquifers with lower arsenic levels, as well as relatively ineffective filters and ion exchange systems. Data from the epidemic indicate that cutaneous changes occur after about 10 years, while malignant neoplasms have a 20-year latency period. Only 20%of those exposed are estimated to develop arsenicosis, but the latency period makes such statements uncertain. Another alarming estimate is that 1 in 100peoplewho regularly drinkwater contaminatedwitharsenicwill die fromarsenic-inducedcancers.Today, concerted international actions are trying to reduce the burden of arsenicosis. Bothdermatologyorganizations and individual physicians should investigate ways in which they can support such activities.
Incorporation of deuterium labeled cis- and trans-9-octadecenoic acid in humans: Plasma, erythrocyte, and platelet neutral lipids
Authors: E.A. Emken, W.K. Rohwedder, H.J. Dutton, W.J. DeJarlais, R.O. Adlof, J. Mackin, R. Dougherty, J.M. Iacono
Journal: Metabolism (1979)
Methaemalbuminaemia as a cause of cyanosis.
Authors: H C Drysdale, J Hunton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

considerably more swollen and painful after a minor twisting injury.He was otherwise well and no other joints were troubling him.He had a large effusion in the knee.The knee showed a good range of movement and was relatively pain free, though he had lateral instability of the joint.The calf was swollen and a little tender and there was also some pitting oedema around the ankle.There was a crescentic bruise clearly visible under the lateral malleolus (figure).Radiographs of the knee joint showed early osteoarthritic changes.Altogether 15 ml of altered blood were aspirated from the knee joint and he was treated with rest, reaspiration, and quadriceps exercises with full resolution and return to work._ '.
Risk assessment of oxidant gases and particulate air pollutants: uncertainties and research needs.
Authors: J M Samet, W E Pepelko, B Sonawane, G E Hatch, K E Driscoll, G Oberdörster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The assessment of risks to human health associated with exposure to oxidant air pollutants has not received adequate attention despite the recognized public health threat posed by the ubiquitous presence of these compounds in the environment. In this article, research needs and uncertainties at each of the steps in the risk assessment of oxidant air pollutants are identified: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Many of these limitations and uncertainties arise at the interface between the laboratory and the regulatory arenas. Therefore, as a case study, relevant methodologic problems associated with the application of experimental findings to the risk assessment of respirable dusts are also discussed. These issues include the extrapolation of animal data to the human case and extrapolation from high-dose to environmentally relevant, low-level exposures.
SPECT/CT Demonstrating 131I Retention in Warthin Tumor on Thyroid Cancer Survey Scan
Authors: Yuyang Zhang, Satoshi Minoshima
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 48-year-old male patient of papillary thyroid cancer, status post-thyroidectomy and node dissection, was referred to (131)I scan prior to radioiodine treatment. The images showed 1 additional focus of (131)I uptake in the right upper neck outside of the thyroid bed. SPECT/CT demonstrated 2 separate foci of radioiodine uptake in the right parotid gland, instead of neck lymph nodes. Diagnostic CT showed 2 corresponding soft tissue nodules in the right parotid gland which were confirmed latter by fine-needle aspiration to be Warthin tumors. This case illustrates a pivotal role of SPECT/CT in differential diagnosis of abnormal neck uptake on (131)I thyroid cancer scan.
US threatens Australia over plan to block extensions to drug patents
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The US government has warned Australia that legislative provisions seeking to ensure generic drugs are not blocked by frivolous patent extensions to branded drugs could trigger a trade dispute between the two countries.

The warning comes as the Australian minister for trade, Mark Vaile, plans to push through what he describes as “minor changes” to legislation implementing the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement in the final parliamentary sitting for 2004.

In late August, the Australian government reluctantly accepted amendments insisted on by opposition parties in the Senate that seek to prevent “evergreening” of patents, in which companies get a new patent for minor changes to a drug coming off patent, …
What or Whom to Treat
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Physicians are enjoined routinely to treat the patient, not the disease. It is then of some importance, or at least of interest, to know what it is that they are<i>not</i>to treat. Disease is a term in need of definition. When Socrates insisted that his debaters define their terms, he gave them considerable latitude. Since there were no dictionaries at the time, a debater was on his own, and, much like Humpty Dumpty in<i>Alice Through the Looking Glass</i>, he could make words mean what he wanted them to mean. Lacking such latitude, we can take license with definitions only when, because of incompleteness or ambiguity, dictionaries leave a semantic void. This is the case with the word "disease." Nor can dictionaries be faulted for such semantic inadequacy. Concepts of disease have varied through the centuries. Diseases have been conceived of as demonic possessions, divine punishments or trials, independently