tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sodium Chloride in Heart Disease
Authors: O. T. Ball
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> You have quoted comments on sodium chloride as a possible factor in heart disease (<i>JAMA</i><b>177</b>:115 [July 15] 1961) based on the work of Talbott et al. (<i>Ann Intern Med</i><b>54</b>:257 [Feb.] 1961). We have been working in this "... neglected..." area for some years. We first reported disturbed lipid metabolism in rats eating excess sodium chloride in 1953, (<i>J Exp Med</i><b>98</b>:71 [July]) and later (<i>Amer J Med</i><b>16</b>:599 [April] 1954, and<i>Ibid.</i><b>25</b>:713 [Nov.] 1958) in considerably more detail. In brief, there are numerous evidences of disturbed lipid metabolism in rats eating excessive sodium chloride; the most clearly defined is an elevation of serum cholesterol that is roughly proportional to the level of salt in the diet but is more closely correlated with the level of blood pressure. The experience of one of us (L. K. D.) is somewhat different (<i>J</i>
Concepts and goals in the management of transfusional iron overload
Authors: John B. Porter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

In this review, current concepts and goals of iron chelation therapy for thalassemias, sickle cell disease, and myelodysplastic syndromes are discussed. The primary goal of iron chelation therapy is to prevent the accumulation of iron reaching harmful levels by matching iron intake from blood transfusion, with iron excreted by iron chelation. Over 30 years of experience with deferoxamine has shown iron chelation to be an effective therapeutic modality. However, chelation efficiency is limited because most of the body's iron stores are not directly chelatable, and only a small fraction of body iron is chelatable at any moment. Once iron has been deposited in organs other than the liver, for example the heart, removal by chelation is slow and inefficient. Chelation efficiency can be improved by designing regimes where chelators are available 24 hr a day to bind labile iron pools in cells and plasma. Deferoxamine has a short plasma half-life and the parenteral infusions required to achieve steady plasma levels are demanding, with consequent variable adherence to therapy. Once-daily oral administration of deferasirox achieves continuous chelation with trough concentrations sufficient to decrease plasma labile iron species progressively, and achieves an efficiency of chelation not obtainable with deferiprone or deferoxamine monotherapy.
Role of Snoring and Daytime Sleepiness in Occupational Accidents
Authors: EVA LINDBERG, NED CARTER, THORARINN GISLASON, CHRISTER JANSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

To establish whether snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), the main symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, influence the risk of occupational accidents a population-based, prospective study was performed. In 1984, 2,874 men aged 30-64 answered questions on snoring and EDS. Ten years later 2,009 (73.8% of the survivors) responded to a follow-up questionnaire including work-related questions and potential confounders. Information on occupational accidents during 1985-1994 was obtained from national register data. A total of 345 occupational accidents were reported by 247 of the men (12.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that men who reported both snoring and EDS at baseline were at an increased risk of occupational accidents during the following 10 yr, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.8) after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol dependence, years at work, blue-collar job, shift work, and exposure to noise, organic solvents, exhaust fumes, and whole-body vibrations. However, no significant increased risk was found for snorers without EDS or nonsnorers with EDS. We conclude that sleepy, male snorers have an increased risk of occupational accidents. The results indicate that early identification and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing may reduce the number of injuries at work.
Oxytocinase in Plasma and Placenta in Normal and Prolonged Labour
Authors: V. S. Mathur, J. M. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In prolonged labour (dystocia) the level of activity of the enzyme oxytocinase is increased in the plasma and decreased in the placenta; the ratio of its activity in the placenta to that in plasma is less than half that found in normal labour. A possible explanation is that oxytocinase is derived mainly from the placenta and that during prolonged labour the enzyme escapes into the maternal blood stream.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Particulate Matter Health Effects Research Centers Program: a midcourse report of status, progress, and plans.
Authors: Morton Lippmann, Mark Frampton, Joel Schwartz, Douglas Dockery, Richard Schlesinger, Petros Koutrakis, John Froines, Andre Nel, Jack Finkelstein, John Godleski, Joel Kaufman, Jane Koenig, Tim Larson, Dan Luchtel, L-J Sally Liu, Gunter Oberdorster, Annette Peters, Jeremy Sarnat, Constantinos Sioutas, Helen Suh, Jeff Sullivan, Mark Utell, Erich Wichmann, Judith Zelikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

In 1998 Congress mandated expanded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) health effects research on ambient air particulate matter (PM) and a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide research oversight. The U.S. EPA currently supports intramural and extramural PM research, including five academically based PM centers. The PM centers in their first 2.5 years have initiated research directed at critical issues identified by the NRC committee, including collaborative activities, and sponsored scientific workshops in key research areas. Through these activities, there is a better understanding of PM health effects and scientific uncertainties. Future PM centers research will focus on long-term effects associated with chronic PM exposures. This report provides a synopsis of accomplishments to date, short-term goals (during the next 2.5 years) and longer-term goals. It consists of six sections: biological mechanisms, acute effects, chronic effects, dosimetry, exposure assessment, and the specific attributes of a coordinated PM centers program.
Revised Formula for Study Meal
Authors: Lewis A. Lipsitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 July 1995Revised Formula for Study MealLewis A. Lipsitz and Carol StollarLewis A. LipsitzHarvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02215Beth Israel Medical Center; Boston, MA 02215Search for more papers by this author and Carol StollarHarvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02215Beth Israel Medical Center; Boston, MA 02215Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-2-199507150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A recent paper on postprandial hypotension [1] featured a standardized study meal containing Carnation Instant Breakfast (Nestle Food Co., Glendale, California). The composition of Carnation Instant Breakfast was changed after the publication of this paper. A revised formula for the study meal that reflects this change in composition is shown in the (Table 1).Table 1. Revised Standard Study Meal REFERENCE1. Jansen RW, Lipsitz LA. Postprandial hypotension: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:286-95. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lewis A. Lipsitz; Carol StollarAffiliations: Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02215Beth Israel Medical Center; Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffects of Central Muscarinic-1 Receptor Stimulation on Blood Pressure Regulation 15 July 1995Volume 123, Issue 2Page: 158KeywordsFoodHypotension ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Metabolic Communication between Astrocytes and Neurons via Bicarbonate-Responsive Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase
Authors: Hyun B. Choi, Grant R.J. Gordon, Ning Zhou, Chao Tai, Ravi L. Rungta, Jennifer Martinez, Teresa A. Milner, Jae K. Ryu, James G. McLarnon, Martin Tresguerres, Lonny R. Levin, Jochen Buck, Brian A. MacVicar
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Familial Dysalbuminemic Hyperthyroxinemia in a Hispanic Family
Authors: Jill M. Kunitake, Jerome M. Hershman, Jerald C. Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1988Familial Dysalbuminemic Hyperthyroxinemia in a Hispanic FamilyJILL M. KUNITAKE, M.D., JEROME M. HERSHMAN, M.D., JERALD C. NELSON, M.D.JILL M. KUNITAKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JEROME M. HERSHMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JERALD C. NELSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-482_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the letter by DeCosimo and associates (1) about the increased prevalence of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia in Hispanics. We report another family of Puerto Rican origin with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia who had been referred for the diagnosis of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (2). A 32-year-old Hispanic woman and her 57-year-old mother had hyperthyroxinemia and normal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Both women were asymptomatic and had small multinodular goiters. Their respective serum hormone levels were: thyroxine, 14.8 and 13.6 µg/dL (normal, 5.4 to 11.3); triiodothyronine, 97 and 130 µg/dL (normal, 85-170); thyroid-stimulating hormone, 0.8...References1. DECOSIMOFANGBRAVERMAN DSL. Prevalence of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia in Hispanics [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:780-1. LinkGoogle Scholar2. REFETOFF S. Thyroid hormone resistance syndromes. In: INGBAR SH, BRAVERMAN LE, eds. Werner's The Thyroid. 5th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1986:1292-1307. Google Scholar3. RAJATANAVINFOURNIERDECOSIMOABREAUBRAVERMAN RLDCL. Elevated serum free thyroxine by thyroxine analog radioimmunoassays in euthyroid patients with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:865-6. LinkGoogle Scholar4. LEEPEKARYSMITHSLADEKHERSHMAN HEVJJ. Immunoenzymatic quantification of low concentrations of thyrotropin. Clin Chem. 1987;33:1223-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1988Volume 108, Issue 3Page: 482-482KeywordsHispanic peopleHyperthyroxinemiaThyroid hormonesThyroid-stimulating hormoneThyroxineTriiodothyronine Issue Published: 1 March 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Off-Label Uses of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Martin D. Abeloff
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Laetz and Mr Silberman<sup>1</sup>summarized the findings of a US General Accounting Office survey that clearly demonstrates that off-label drug use by oncologists is quite common, particularly in the palliative therapy of advanced malignancies, ie, the cases that are most difficult to treat and for which the therapeutic results are modest at best. The General Accounting Office report further indicates that a shifting and increasing array of reimbursement policies cause oncologists to alter preferred treatments and sites of care. In an editorial in the same issue, Dr Moertel<sup>2</sup>mistakenly equates the off-label categorization of these uses of anticancer drugs with lack of evidence of effectiveness. Moertel chastises oncologists, patient-activist groups, the pharmaceutical industry, and National Cancer Institute officials for contributing to the soaring costs of medical care in this country by questionable off-label uses of anticancer drugs. Although the General Accounting Office report did
Metastasis Suppressor Genes
Authors: M. E. Sobel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Within the heterogeneous cell population of malignant neoplasms are cells with the ability to invade and metastasize. Metastatic propensity is distinctly separate from tumorigenicity alone. The complexity of the metastatic process suggests that it is controlled at the genetic level via the activation and/or deactivation of multiple genes. It is now generally accepted that there are loci in normal cells that can suppress the tumorigenic phenotype and that can be inactivated by mutation. Recent evidence from somatic cell hybridization studies and DNA transfection experiments as well as the isolation of complementary DNA clones by subtractive hybridization and by differential screening predicts that an analogous (but distinct) set of metastasis suppressor genes may exist within tumor cells that can inhibit invasion and metastasis. The interaction of the gene products of potential stimulatory and inhibitory metastasis genes may be critical in determining the metastatic phenotype of tumor cells. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:267–276, 1990]
Dasatinib crosses the blood-brain barrier and is an efficient therapy for central nervous system Philadelphia chromosome–positive leukemia
Authors: Kimmo Porkka, Perttu Koskenvesa, Tuija Lundán, Johanna Rimpiläinen, Satu Mustjoki, Richard Smykla, Robert Wild, Roger Luo, Montserrat Arnan, Benoit Brethon, Lydia Eccersley, Henrik Hjorth-Hansen, Martin Höglund, Hana Klamova, Håvar Knutsen, Suhag Parikh, Emmanuel Raffoux, Franz Gruber, Finella Brito-Babapulle, Hervé Dombret, Rafael F. Duarte, Erkki Elonen, Ron Paquette, C. Michel Zwaan, Francis Y. F. Lee
Journal: Blood (2008)
Estimation of mean systemic filling pressure in postoperative cardiac surgery patients with three methods
Authors: Jacinta J. Maas, Michael R. Pinsky, Bart F. Geerts, Rob B. de Wilde, Jos R. Jansen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)

To assess the level of agreement between different bedside estimates of effective circulating blood volume—mean systemic filling pressure (Pmsf), arm equilibrium pressure (Parm) and model analog (Pmsa)—in ICU patients. Eleven mechanically ventilated postoperative cardiac surgery patients were studied. Sequential measures were made in the supine position, rotating the bed to a 30° head-up tilt and after fluid loading (500 ml colloid). During each condition four inspiratory hold maneuvers were done to determine Pmsf; arm stop-flow was created by inflating a cuff around the upper arm for 30 s to measure Parm, and Pmsa was estimated from a Guytonian model of the systemic circulation. Mean Pmsf, Parm and Pmsa across all three states were 20.9 ± 5.6, 19.8 ± 5.7 and 14.9 ± 4.0 mmHg, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis for the difference between Parm and Pmsf showed a non-significant bias of −1.0 ± 3.08 mmHg (p = 0.062), a coefficient of variation (COV) of 15 %, and limits of agreement (LOA) of −7.3 and 5.2 mmHg. For the difference between Pmsf and Pmsa we found a bias of −6.0 ± 3.1 mmHg (p < 0.001), COV 17 % and LOA −12.4 and 0.3 mmHg. Changes in Pmsf and Parm and in Pmsf and Pmsa were directionally concordant in response to head-up tilt and volume loading. Parm and Pmsf are interchangeable in mechanically ventilated postoperative cardiac surgery patients. Changes in effective circulatory volume are tracked well by changes in Parm and Pmsa.
GANGRENE OF THE SKIN OF DIPHTHERITIC ORIGIN
Authors: J. S. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1931)

that a constant clinical picture is found in practically every case.5. The typical features present are: a history of similar but less severe attacks, the sudden onset of pain, an increase of temperature and pulse rate, the palpable abdominal tumour, with overlying tenderness and rigidity, and the tender cystic mass, which can be made out per rectum.6.The diagnosis is sometimes very difficult, the lesion for which torsion of a cyst is most often mistak3n being an appendix abscess.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura subsequent to acute myelogenous leukemia chemotherapy
Authors: John J. Byrnes, Hernan Baquerizo, Michael Gonzalez, George T. Hensely
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract A woman in complete remission from acute myeloblastic leukemia developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) subsequent to the third intensive consolidation cycle of cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin chemotherapy. The constellation of clinical manifestations indicative of TTP were recognized only in retrospect, as they were initially attributed to more usual complications of bone marrow‐ablative chemotherapy. The manifestations, probably fueled by numerous red cell and platelet transfusions, increased at the time of recovery of hematopoiesis. At postmortem examination, characteristic microvascular lesions were found in most organs. Similar thrombotic microangiopathy has been described with mitomycin‐based chemotherapy regimens and with the combination of cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin. Successful management of this serious complication of chemotherapy requires increased awareness and earlier recognition.
Ischemic Polarcardiographic Changes Induced By Exercise
Authors: GORDON E. DOWER, ROBERT A. BRUCE, JAN POOL, MAARTEN L. SIMOONS, MANFRED W. NIEDERBERGER, LAURA J. MEILINK
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The polarcardiographic responses to exercise in normal men, young and middle-aged, have been compared with those of men who show ischemic responses on the electrocardiogram. Changes in the ST-vectors are the most significant. These changes have been reduced to a single numerical quantity based on the spatial magnitude of the vector at the end of the QRS complex and the spatial direction of a vector occurring at a clearly specified time during the period of the ST-segment. The assets of polarcardiography are that it enables study of direction and magnitude of ST-vectors in a time sequence. Thus it provides information of clinical importance which cannot be obtained by either electro- or vectorcardiography.
Blockade of central nervous system GABAergic tone causes sympathetic-mediated increases in coronary vascular resistance in cats.
Authors: S A Segal, T Jacob, R A Gillis
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Picrotoxin, an antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid, produces an increase in coronary vascular resistance, S-T segment elevation, and ventricular arrhythmias after an intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg in chloralose-anesthetized cats. To determine whether these responses were due to blockade of central nervous system GABAergic mechanisms leading to an increase in sympathetic outflow to the coronary vasculature, several types of experiments were performed. First, picrotoxin was injected directly into the brain in a dose of 600 micrograms while coronary blood flow and S-T segment changes were monitored. Central nervous system administration of this agent resulted in a significant increase in coronary vascular resistance, S-T segment elevation, and arrhythmias. Second, animals were pretreated with the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist drug, muscimol, prior to central administration of picrotoxin. Pretreatment prevented the usual increase in coronary vascular resistance, S-T segment elevation, and arrhythmias. Third, animals were subjected to acute bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation prior to picrotoxin administration. Denervation attenuated the picrotoxin-induced increase in coronary vascular resistance (mean = 11.6 +/- 2.1% vs. 26.1 +/- 7.1%, P less than 0.05) and elevation in S-T segment (mean = 0.09 +/- 0.03 mV vs. 0.29 +/- 0.04 mV, P less than 0.05), and prevented arrhythmias. Pretreatment with the alpha-receptor blocking agent, phentolamine, produced even more pronounced antagonistic effects. These results suggest that blockade of central nervous system GABAergic tone leads to enhanced sympathetic outflow to the coronary vasculature, resulting in an increase in coronary vascular resistance of sufficient intensity to cause S-T segment elevation and arrhythmias.
Recovery and abuse
Authors: I. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Dawn has always had stomach problems. Under psychotherapy we see her regressing through the womb and back to the 1st century AD. She recovers the memory, in vivid and convincing detail, of having her stomach slashed. The problem is solved: her sore tummy was caused by an injury sustained 2000 years ago.

Dr Robert Jarman, described in this American documentary as a “psychiatrist specialising in present and past life hypnotherapy,” is seen—svelte and reassuringly grey on his leather swivel chair—solemnly taking notes of exotic journeys into past centuries. “That's it … let it out,” he murmurs gently but firmly to a patient, who, with his help, remembers that she was sexually abused by a babysitter when she was 5 years old. …
WHY IS THE PROFESSION POOR IN PURSE? AND HOW TO REMEDY IT.
Authors: C. H. REED
Journal: JAMA (1899)

A few days ago, speaking about present social conditions, one of our prominent physicians, located in a prominent part of this, our metropolis, said. "Only yesterday I heard of a doctor in this city who was found crying because he was hungry." If any excuse were needed for discussing questions of this kind in a scientific body like this, such scenes as these, occurring among members and professional neighbors, are certainly sufficient. Ours is the grandest, the noblest of all professions, save, perhaps, one, and its high aim, the relief of human suffering, physical or mental, should never be prostituted to the baser object, gain. Nevertheless, the present methods of securing a livelihood compel our devoting at least a part of our attention to the consideration of our purses. Necessaries we must have or die. Luxuries for our families and ourselves we should have, but the cases just referred to
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False: Problems in the Analysis
Authors: Steven Goodman, Sander Greenland
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

It is only about 25 years since the abolition or abandonment of TB sanatoria in South Africa.It is likely that there are people in South Africa who are familiar with the idea of isolation of TB patients from the general public emanating from the era of TB sanatoria, and it is conceivable that they are likely to be understanding of the reasons that were used to keep patients there during their treatment.These people could help to make the idea of isolation in sanatoria acceptable again to the general public.Anyway, the TB sanatoria of this era were rightfully regarded as hospitals, as indeed they were, and I cannot see why modern day sanatoria should be viewed any differently.Granted, with the likelihood that the patients detained in these envisaged isolation areas may be more likely to die than be discharged, it will be a mammoth task to convince the "detainees" to stay there or their families to allow them to be kept there, especially if they are minors or the elderly infi rm.It is a tough call but it is worth a try.
Changes of microsphere density with time in myocardial infarcts in dogs
Authors: M K. D. JONGE, G C VAN DEN BOS, G ELZINGA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The density of microspheres injected before occlusion of a coronary artery, in the in-farcted region [I], was compared with that of healthy, normal myocardium [N], from the same dog. The [I]/[N] ratio was measured at different days after infarction up to 2 weeks. The ratio was below unity before the ninth day and above that thereafter. The changes in microsphere density can be explained on the basis of microsphere loss from necrotic tissue and changes in infarct mass.