tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Hormone Replacement Therapy, Socioeconomic Status, and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Francine Grodstein, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMUNITY TO CANCER: CANCER AND CIVILIZATION
Authors: B. M. Fried
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To  Editor:  —In his letter on cancer of  breast in Japan (The Journal, January 29, p. 342) Hoffmann says that the statement made by Dr. Fried that 'mammary cancer is very frequent in Japan' is not supported. Those who read my letter will recall that this statement was made originally not by me but by a noted Japanese surgeon quoted by Prof. Pierre Delbet. I assume that it is not less reliable than  opinion of a few Hawaiian physicians cited by Hoffmann, who saw one or two cases of cancer of  breast in Japanese women in a lifetime.  But in my letter (The Journal, Oct. 23, 1926, p. 1411) I did not intend to dispute figures on  incidence of  morbidity or mortality from cancer. I simply outlined  complexity of  cancer problem and  difficulties that face even distinguished statisticians appointed by
Fuzzy logic and decision-making in anaesthetics
Authors: Paul Grant, Ole Naesh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

The task of the anaesthetist is to control the continuum between consciousness and unconsciousness, pain and analgesia, muscle activity and relaxation—inhibition of activation and enhancement of inhibition.1 During an operation, an anaesthetized patient is part of a 'feedback circuit' (Figure 1). Changes in variables such as blood pressure and respiratory rate are monitored and stability is restored by adjustments to ventilation and drug dosage.2 The decision-maker and controller in this loop is the anaesthetist, who will make an individual judgment on how best to respond to, say, low blood pressure, tachypnoea or a decreasing oxygen saturation.
Possible Zidovudine-lnduced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Andra J. Melamed
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Zidovudine (azidothymidine) received Food and Drug Administration marketing approval on March 19, 1987. Before this, we received zidovudine from the National Institutes of Health for treating patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had recovered from one or more episodes of histologically confirmed<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia. To date, the most serious side effects that have been reported for zidovudine include severe anemia, granulocytopenia, or thrombocytopenia, sometimes requiring recurrent transfusions or interruption of therapy. Other reported side effects include rashes, asthenia, nausea, insomnia, myalgia, headache, and confusion.<sup>1-4</sup>Hepatic enzyme abnormalities in both placebo and zidovudine recipients were reported by Richman and colleagues.<sup>4</sup>They observed an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration above 2500 U/L in one of 145 zidovudine recipients, while in 7% of the placebo recipients the AST concentration rose above 2500 U/L. Elevations of alkaline phosphatase concentration were also more common in placebo recipients. Since October 1986,
THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS
Authors: Ralph R. Mellon
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 29, page 1342, is a brief review of our studies on the tubercle bacillus (Mellon, R. R.; Richardson, R. D., and Fisher, L. W.:<i>Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. &amp; Med.</i><b>30:</b>80 [Oct.] 1932. Lindegren, C. C., and Mellon,<i>R. R., ibid.</i><b>30:</b>110 [Oct.] 1932. Mellon, R. R.; Richardson, R. D., and Fisher, L. W.:<i>J. Bact.</i><b>24:</b>45 [Jan.] 1933). I feel sure that the reviewer did not intend to leave the impression that we had postulated the existence of morphologically distinct male and female sex cells. But since this impression has been conveyed to me from others, permit me to interpret these studies as follows: The sexual mechanism suggested (not proved) is that of an autogamous fusion (Lindegren, C. C., and Mellon, R. R.:<i>J. Bact.</i>25:47 [Jan.] 1933), one of the lowest orders of sexuality, in contrast to
French hospital and its staff are charged over radiotherapy errors
Authors: P. Benkimoun
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The trial of the hospital and staff members at the centre of France’s most serious incident involving radiotherapy error opened on 24 September and is likely to run till the end of October.

Two radiotherapists, a radiophysicist, the Jean Monnet Hospital in Epinal (in the Vosges), and four health officials are facing charges in a criminal court in Paris of unintentional homicide and injuries and failure to assist people in danger. 

The judges will try to establish responsibility for two separate incidents at the hospital that have led to at least seven deaths and affected 448 patients between 2001 and 2006.

Investigations have unearthed at least two errors: mistakes …
Severe Mitral Regurgitation Following Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ruptured Papillary Muscle
Authors: ANDREW G. MORROW, LAWRENCE S. COHEN, WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, NINA S. BRAUNWALD, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The results of operative treatment are described in four patients who sustained myocardial infarctions and in whom ruptured left ventricular papillary muscles caused severe mitral regurgitation. All were men between 51 and 69 years of age, and the intervals between myocardial infarction and operation were 3 to 15 months. Each patient manifested severe congestive heart failure. All were in sinus rhythm and had an apical holosystolic murmur and an atrial gallop sound. Three of the four had severe pulmonary hypertension (60 to 80 mm Hg systolic), grossly elevated mean left atrial pressure, and v waves 37 to 45 mm Hg. In all the cardiac index was abnormally low (average 1.8 L/min/m2). In all four patients the mitral valve was replaced with a 2M Starr-Edwards prosthesis. In two of the excised valves, one head of the posterior papillary muscle was infarcted and had ruptured, and in the other two the anterior papillary muscle was similarly involved. All patients survived, and all have derived distinct symptomatic improvement at intervals of 7 to 16 months. Hemodynamic studies were repeated 11 months postoperatively in one patient; although he is asymptomatic and the cardiac index is increased, intracardiac pressures remain elevated, and residual impairment of left ventricular function is evident. In a second patient the left ventricle apparently retained satisfactory functional capacity for symptomatic benefit has been paralleled by striking reductions in pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures measured six months postoperatively.
Cannulotome introduced via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube - new technique for release of a buried bumper
Authors: J. Cyrany, R. Repak, T. Douda, T. Fejfar, S. Rejchrt
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Buried bumper syndrome is a major complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), in which the inner bumper of the PEG tube migrates to become embedded in the stomach wall. Several endoscopic strategies have been proposed for releasing the bumper, based on: external traction [1], endoscopic traction [2], external pressure [3] and dissection of the overgrowing tissue using a needle-knife [4], argon plasma coagulation, or a dilation balloon [5].
The Associations Between Bullous Pemphigoid and Drug Use
Authors: Antonia Lloyd-Lavery, Ching-Chi Chi, Fenella Wojnarowska, Kathy Taghipour
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Objective: To explore associations between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and previous drug use in the United Kingdom.Design: A case-control study comparing the drug history of consecutive patients with BP and control subjects.Setting: Tertiary care center for immunobullous diseases and skin tumor clinics at Oxford University Hospitals.Patients or Other Participants: Eighty-six consecutive BP patients and 134 consecutive controls from the same region and similar in age and sex who presented with other dermatological diagnoses.Main Outcome Measures: Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of BP in relation to each drug.Results: Loop diuretics were used significantly more frequently by the BP patients (crude odds ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.2-5.0;P = .02];adjusted odds ratio, 3.8 [1.5-9.7;P = .006]).No significant differences were found between groups for use of other diuretics, aspirin, antidepressants, antiepileptics, antihypertensives, or central nervous system agents (eg, antipsychotics).Patients with BP used calcium or vitamin D supplements, antibiotics, antihistamines, and prednisolone significantly more often on multivariate analysis. Conclusions:The findings of our study demonstrate increased use of loop diuretics in patients with BP before the development of BP.The mechanism behind such an association clearly warrants further investigation.
Plasma Levels of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type I During the Acute Phase Following Complicated Myocardial Infarction Predicts Survival in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Thor Ueland, John Kjekshus, Stig S. Frøland, Torbjørn Omland, Iain B. Squire, Lars Gullestad, Kenneth Dickstein, Pål Aukrust
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
The Saddle Sign: Bilateral Thigh Adductor Compartment Uptake of Tc-99m MDP
Authors: Gavin C. Mackie, Anca M. Avram, Lawrence S. Park, Milton D. Gross
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Radionuclide imaging of a 55-year-old woman is presented showing symmetric Tc-99m MDP activity in the soft tissues of the medial aspects of the thighs. The underlying pathologic mechanism resulting in abnormal Tc-99m MDP retention in this case is likely to be muscle injury resulting from vigorous horseback riding. Although extraosseous uptake in muscle and soft tissue is well described as the result of excessive physical activity and muscular injury in characteristic patterns, a review of the published literature revealed no similar cases from riding a horse.
Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris
Authors: KRISTIAN THOMSEN, POUL OSTERBYE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Forty patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris were treated with tetracycline 250 mg twice daily or with placebo, in a double‐blind trial. In twenty‐eight patients the lesions were confined to the palms and soles, whereas twelve had psoriatic lesions affecting other parts of the skin and/or nails. Radiological signs of focal infection were found in eighteen patients. In thirty‐five patients positive bacteriological culture from pustules was obtained, the most common strain being Staphylococcus albus. Tetracycline proved superior to the placebo (P<0.001) in improving the lesions of PPP. It is discussed whether the effect of tetracycline is due to an antibacterial mechanism.
Analysis of the tumorigenicity of the X gene of hepatitis B virus in a nontransformed hepatocyte cell line and the effects of cotransfection with a murine p53 mutant equivalent to human codon 249
Authors: D Oguey, L L Dumenco, R H Pierce, N Fausto
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One of the HBV genes, HBx, may have transforming potential, but this issue is still the subject of controversy. One of the major difficulties in addressing this question is the lack of a suitable in vitro model. We used a nontransformed, differentiated murine hepatocyte cell line (AML12) to transfect the HBx gene and examine its transforming capabilities. Because mutations of the p53 gene, in particular at codon 249, have been implicated in HCC development in geographical areas with high incidence of the tumor, we also studied the putative cooperative role in transformation between HBx and mutated p53 by cotransfecting HBx with a murine p53 mutant equivalent to human ser249 (ser246p53). Transfection with HBx plasmids containing the HBx gene under the control of two different promoters resulted in fewer colonies than in control plasmids. The toxic effect of HBx on colony formation was abolished by cotransfection with 246p53, suggesting that the inhibitory effect requires functionally intact p53. Clonal cell lines that stably expressed HBx messenger RNA (mRNA) (HBX lines) were tested for their growth characteristics and their ability to grow in soft agar and form tumors in nude mice. At passages 19–27 after transfection, one of four HBx–expressing lines showed the capacity for anchorage–independent growth in soft agar and produced poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas in 8 of 13 sites of injection in nude mice. HBX lines as well as clonal cell lines of cells transfected with 246p53 (246 cell lines), cotransfected with HBx and 246p53 (246x lines) or transfected with control plasmids, were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the fraction of cells in S phase (SPF). 246 and 246X lines had similar SPFs that were approximately twofold greater than control or HBX lines. 246x lines showed morphological changes in culture such as marked cellular heterogeneity, cell crowding, and the presence of multinucleated giant cells, but their tumorigenicity was not increased compared with the HBX lines. These data show that HBx has a weak tumorigenicity in murine hepatocytes and that the addition of mutation of p53 at codon 249 to HBx expression does not increase tumorigenicity in AML12 cells.
Is There Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia?
Authors: Orah S. Platt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

IN 1945, as the story goes, on the overnight train between Denver and Chicago, Drs. William B. Castle and Linus Pauling discussed the possibility that sickle cell anemia (homozygous sickle cell disease) is caused by an abnormal hemoglobin.1 Thus was born the concept of the classic "molecular disease," and with it the promise of specific therapy designed to interact biochemically with the abnormal sickle hemoglobin and break the vicious sickle cycle. Such therapies, including urea and cyanate, were indeed designed and studied in patients but were ultimately shown to be ineffective or excessively toxic. Ironically, contemporary treatments do not modify . . .
Acute Bronchoconstriction Induced by Cotton Dust: Dose-Related Responses to Endotoxin and Other Dust Factors
Authors: ROBERT M. CASTELLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Fifty-four healthy humans, selected for their acute airway responsiveness to cotton dust, had spirometric tests immediately before and after 6 hours of exposure to card-generated cotton dust from seven different cottons (of several grades and growing regions). During exposures, we measured airborne concentrations of viable fungi and bacteria (total and gram negative), vertically elutriated gravimetric dust, and vertically elutriated endotoxin. Correlation between each of these five exposure indices and exposure-related acute changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s showed a statistically significant relationship between all of the indices except concentration of viable fungi. Of the other four indices, endotoxin was the most highly correlated (r = -0.94; p < 0.00001), and gravimetric dust was the least correlated (r = -0.34; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that gram-negative endotoxin may play a major role in the acute pulmonary response to inhaled cotton dust.
Peripheral Neuropathy And Tetanus Toxoid
Authors: George I. Blumstein
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Johnson's contention that the reported neuropathy was an injection palsy received consideration but was not favored because it failed to explain the associated constitutional phenomena such as fever, edema of the involved member, and rash and petechiae in parts of the body remote from the injection site. He is also presupposing that a deep injection was given with a long needle in the posterior aspect of the lower portion of the deltoid muscle. While it is impossible to accurately identify the injection site, it has been determined that a 2.5-cc disposable syringe with a 26 gauge 5/8-inch needle was used for the injection. It was our feeling from previous experience that a palsy due to an injection would follow the administration of the material within a reasonable period of time. Such a temporal relationship is lacking in this case. We have had numerous comments, explanations, and
Access by general practitioners to physiotherapy department of a district general hospital.
Authors: P Norman, H Clifton, E Williams, P J Nichols
Journal: BMJ (1975)

There has been much opposition, voiced most notably in the Tunbridge Report, to general-practitioner access to hospital rehabilitation services. Co-operation between general practitioners, physiotherapists, and the consultant with responsibility for the physiotherapy department at a general district hospital has provided an efficient open-access service. This service has been welcomed by the general practitioners because it supplies prompt treatment for their patients and by the physiotherapists because it enables them to minimise disability by treating musculoskeletal problems at an early stage.
Lethal-7 is down-regulated by the hepatitis B virus x protein and targets signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Authors: Yu Wang, Yiwei Lu, Soo Ting Toh, Wing-Kin Sung, Patrick Tan, Pierce Chow, Alexander Y.F. Chung, London L.P. Jooi, Caroline G.L. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
In vitro infection of hepatitis B virus in microcarrier attached immortalized human hepatocytes cultured in molecularporous membrane bags: a model for long-term HBV infection
Authors: Z.J. Gong, S. De Meyer, C. Verslype, T. Roskams, J.F. van Pelt, A. Soumillion, T. Crabbe, S.H. Yap
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition Reduces Monocyte CC Chemokine Receptor 2 Expression and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1–Mediated Monocyte Recruitment In Vivo
Authors: Ki Hoon Han, Jewon Ryu, Kyung Hee Hong, Jesang Ko, Youngmi Kim Pak, Jae-Bum Kim, Seong Wook Park, Jae Joong Kim
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The migration of circulating monocytes to the arterial wall during atherogenesis is largely modulated by activation of the CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), a dominant monocyte chemotaxis receptor. The present study investigated whether 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition affects CCR2 gene expression and CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment. Methods and Results— Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and flow cytometry showed that simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, dose-dependently reduced monocyte CCR2 mRNA and protein expression. Treatment of 21 normocholesterolemic men with simvastatin (20 mg/d for 2 weeks) decreased CCR2 protein and mRNA expression in circulating monocytes. Promoter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that simvastatin activated a peroxisome proliferator response element in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, simvastatin-induced CCR2 downregulation was completely reversed by the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ antagonist GW9662. Simvastatin-treated monocytes showed little chemotaxis movement in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a specific CCR2 ligand. Treatment of C57/BL6 mice with simvastatin (0.2 μg/g body weight IP, daily for 1 week) inhibited transmigration of CD80 + monocytes to the MCP-1–injected intraperitoneal space. Moreover, few circulating inflammatory cells from simvastatin-treated Sprague-Dawley rats (0.2 μg/g body weight IP, daily for 2 weeks) were recruited to the aortic wall of hypercholesterolemic littermates. Conclusions— The inhibition of CCR2/MCP-1–dependent monocyte recruitment by simvastatin may prevent excessive accumulation of monocytes in the arterial wall during atherogenesis.
Validating the multiple indicator dilution method–a case of mistaken identity
Authors: E. L. Forker, B. A. Luxon, Carl A. Goresky, Glen G. Bach, Colin P. Rose, Allan W. Wolkoff
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

purports to "restore confidence" in the interpretation of single-pass hepatic indicator dilution curves.To this end, they appeal to a validity criterion that we suggested earlier (Am.J. Physiol.1982; 243:G76-G89).We believe that Goresky et al. have applied this criterion improperly and, accordingly, their results are misleading.The following explains how they achieve their apparently good result and why it does not provide the confidence these authors claim for it.As background, it should be recalled that the information content of hepatic venous outflow patterns is typically limited by the absence of data that would otherwise appear in the tails of the indicator dilution curves.This problem arises in whole animal preparations because recirculation spoils the data beyond 30 to 40 sec.In isolated perfused livers a similar, albeit less serious, defect arises because the three isotopes that the method requires cannot be resolved confidently in late samples of low radioactivity.There is no remedy for these technical problems, but it is possible to spot when the attendant loss of information leads to errors in estimating the transport rate constants.The procedure we suggested is this: compute the transport rate constants by fitting the model to the available data.Use these model-dependent answers to predict the area beneath the solute curve that would have been observed if the entire curve had been recorded.This area is to be compared with a modelindependent estimate as follows.If the downslope of the recorded data appears to evolve as a single exponential, complete the unrecorded portion of the curve by loglinear extrapo1ation.tCompute the area under this curve (observed plus extrapolated data) by model-independent numerical integration.If these area estimates do not agree, the model assumptions are wrong or the recorded data are insufficient to recover the rate constants or both.Unfortunately, the converse does not hold.A good result provides a measure of internal consistency but nothing more.In this sense, the test supplies only a minimum criterion for accepting the estimated rate constants as valid.In their use of this procedure, Dr. Goresky and his colleagues use the model to generate the tail of the curve.They compute the rate constants from the data as sugt If the semilogarithmic plot of' the downslope appears convex when data collection is interrupted, one need not go farther because in this case the unrecorded tail obviously contains additional information that no model-independent extrapolation can recover.