tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood-Pressure Control and Delay in Progression of Kidney Disease in Children
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Many children with chronic kidney disease, even those in whom the disease is discovered very early, ultimately lose renal function; some ultimately progress to stage 5 chronic kidney disease (end-stage renal disease). Causes of chronic kidney disease in children differ substantially from those in adults; the largest diagnostic categories in children are congenital renal and genitourinary abnormalities; obstructive uropathy or renal hypoplasia–dysplasia are most common, followed by reflux nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.1,2 Despite much evidence that blocking the renin–angiotensin system is helpful in treating adults with various nephropathies,3 comparable data from randomized, controlled trials involving children are lacking. . . .
Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony Acutely After Myocardial Infarction Predicts Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Sjoerd A. Mollema, Su San Liem, Matthew S. Suffoletto, Gabe B. Bleeker, Bas L. van der Hoeven, Nico R. van de Veire, Eric Boersma, Eduard R. Holman, Ernst E. van der Wall, Martin J. Schalij, John Gorcsan, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
The Sex Chromatin
Authors: Ernest Beutler
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In 1947 Dr. Murray L. Barr interested a graduate student, Ewart G. Bertram, in an investigation of possible structural changes in the nerve cells following intense stimulation. In the course of their studies Barr and Bertram, working on cats, noted that the hypoglossal neurons of some animals had a nucleolar satellite which was absent in others. At first this finding was a real puzzle and a technical failure in the staining of the preparations was suspected. When other possible variables were considered, it became apparent that all animals whose nucleoli contained satellites were females but those who lacked them were males. This discovery of sex chromatin, made less than 20 years ago without facilities more complex than the staining jar and the microscope should serve as inspiration to investigators who sometimes feel that all of the simple, straightforward discoveries have been made. The finding of the sex chromatin body has
Serious Complications Within 30 Days of Screening and Surveillance Colonoscopy Are Uncommon
Authors: Cynthia W. Ko, Stacy Riffle, Leann Michaels, Cynthia Morris, Jennifer Holub, Jean A. Shapiro, Marcia A. Ciol, Michael B. Kimmey, Laura C. Seeff, David Lieberman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Managed Care, Mental Health, and the Marketplace
Authors: Howard F. Stock
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Jellinek and Nurcombe<sup>1</sup>in their excellent article on managed care in psychiatry make one error that it is important to correct. They describe the explosion in psychiatric care as a "free-market competitive expansion." In fact it was not. The explosion (as with all medical costs) occurred in a cost-plus market in which increased costs were simply passed on in the form of increased premiums. It was not competition for limited resources: virtually unlimited capital was made available. This occurred because neither the majority of users of medical services (patients) nor the buyers of medical coverage (employers or government) cared about cost. There was no buyer-seller negotiation as there would be in a free market. Had there been, the explosion could not have occurred. When buyers of coverage began to protest about the rising costs, managed care became a profitable business partner in the economic equation
Sarcoidosis presenting as antinuclear antibody positive glomerulonephritis.
Authors: M.C Soto-Aguilar, D.W Boulware
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

A 43 year old woman who initially presented with the nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) was given the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One year later the patient developed progressive subcutaneous nodules on her forearms, with histopathology of non-caseating granulomas. Further evaluation of the patient showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy and interstitial lung disease with numerous granulomas, establishing the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The presence of autoimmune antibodies and glomerulonephritis has been reported in sarcoidosis, but this case is believed to be the first in which both glomerulonephritis and ANAs are present in a sarcoid patient.
Intradermal injections of polyarginine-containing immunogenic antigens preferentially elicit Tc1 and Th1 activation and antitumour immunity
Authors: H. Mitsui, T. Okamoto, M. Kanzaki, T. Inozume, N. Shibagaki, S. Shimada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background We previously have shown that nona-arginine protein transduction domain (R9-PTD) induced efficient protein-antigen (Ag) transduction of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, resulting in the efficient induction of strong Ag-specific immune responses mediated by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and in superior antitumour effects in vivo in cancer-bearing mice. Objectives The Ag-specific immune responses caused by intradermal (i.d.) injections of R9-PTD-containing protein Ags without DC preparation were investigated. We also investigated the antitumour effects by intratumoral (i.t.) injections of rR9-containing protein Ags. Methods Synthesized SIINFEKL peptide, or recombinant ovalbumin fusion proteins (rOVA, rR9-OVA), were directly injected into abdominal skin in naïve C57BL/6 mice. OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, serum IgG titre and cytokine profiles were investigated. Histopathological analyses were also performed. In a cancer vaccination model, EG.7 (OVA-cDNA transfectants thymoma) cells were inoculated intradermally in C57BL/6 mice, and the antitumour effects were evaluated by i.t. injections of rR9-OVA in a treatment setting. Results i.d. injections of rR9-OVA into naïve C57BL/6 mice elicited OVA-specific CTLs and produced IgG2-dominant immunoglobulin. The i.d. injections of rR9-OVA also induced inflammatory cell infiltrates containing neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as production of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin-2 and IFN-inducible protein 10, with presenting SIINFEKL epitopes on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules at the injection area. i.t. injections of rR9-OVA into EG.7 tumour mass significantly suppressed tumour growth, and these effects were completely abrogated by the depletion of CD8+ T cells. These antitumour effects were superior to those elicited by i.t. injections of rR9-OVA-treated DCs. Conclusions i.d. injections of rR9-containing immunogenic Ag without adjuvants simultaneously induce dual immunological effects: the induction of Tc1- and Th1-dominant immune responses, and the induction of inflammatory and CTL-mediated immune responses at the injection area by expressing Ag epitopes on MHC class I molecules as targets. This simple vaccination approach with R9-PTD-containing fusion proteins might be useful as prophylactic immunotherapy for cancer or infectious diseases.
Cardiopulmonary Considerations in Nonfatal Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Authors: Monte M. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Survival in pulmonary amniotic fluid embolism is rare. Cardiopulmonary and other aspects of a well-studied nonfatal case are presented and compared with those of 14 other cases from the literature. The patient was a primipara, 19 yr of age. Symptoms of embolism appeared at the end of a successful delivery by cesarean section. Because shock is such a prominent feature, therapy has too often been directed toward blood transfusion and fluid replacement. Attention is called to the heart and lungs and to reflex neurogenic mechanisms. It is suggested that survival might be increased by early recognition and prompt therapy of cardiopulmonary complications. In the present case recovery was complete.
Doctors to take industrial action over pensions in June
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Selenium-75-selenomethionine and <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sulfur colloid scans were performed in 45 Southern African blacks with proven primary cancer of the liver and 28 patients with other space-occupying hepatic lesions. In 6 of the cancer patients, the defect or defects visible on the <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sulfur colloid scan were not seen on the <sup>75</sup>Se-selenomethionine scan, and in 17 patients they had partially disappeared. In the remaining 22 cancer patients and the 28 control patients the two scans were identical. The high incidence of failure of uptake of <sup>75</sup>Se-selenomethionine by the tumor is attributed to the anaplastic nature of the neoplasm and the frequency with which tumor necrosis occurs in Southern African blacks with primary cancer of the liver.
PELVIMETRY OF THE SUPERIOR STRAIT BY MEANS OF THE ROENTGEN RAY
Authors: HERBERT THOMS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Attempts to determine the diameters of the pelvic inlet by the use of the roentgen ray were made as early as 1897, when Budin1and Varnier2reported their attempts to determine the size of the pelvic inlet by this means. From that time until the present, numerous investigators have worked on this problem with varying results, none of which possess practical application. In 1918, I became interested in roentgen-ray pelvimetry, and in 1922 published my first experiences in outlining the superior strait of the pelvis by means of the roentgen ray.3In the interval, the method has been improved and simplified, and the technic described in the present paper represents a procedure by means of which it is possible to obtain a graphic outline of the pelvic inlet and so readily to measure its diameters with unusual accuracy.  The chief difficulty to overcome in consideration of roentgen-ray
THE ABSENCE OF REASONABLE MOTIVE IN THE SO-CALLED "CRIMINAL ACTS" OF THE CONFIRMED INEBRIATE.Read before the Section of Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Washington, D. C., May 6, 1891.
Authors: L. D. MASON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

I"Motive" may be defined as that which actu¬ ates or influences, that which determines choice.It implies the presence of an uuimpaired will power, at least one that is not so seriously im¬ paired as to be incapable of volition, and actua¬ ted either by right or wrong desires.Impulse is the sudden application of some powerful motive, that causes the will to act has¬ tily without usual deliberation, or that exercise of the reasoning faculties that occurs when a pur¬ pose is deliberately formed.The genesis of im¬ pulse may be a good or evil motive.In both instances either when the act results from the motive operating upon the mind through a deliberate and logical course of reasoning, or impulsively, as when the motive acts independ¬ ently of, orsupercedes and dethrones reason, if it attempts to assert itself in either instance, there is one condition that is common to both, and that always is present, namely, consciousness cf the act.The person invariably knows he has performed the act whether the "motive" were good or evil, the result of deliberation or of im¬ pulse.How often do we hear the expression, "what motive urged him to do such an act?" and if the person be in a normal mental condition the law, if the act involves a legal infringement, arrests and punishes the transgressor.But are these words applied to the acts of an insane person ?Certainly not.All acknowledge that the will power in this case is held in abeyance in some instances, or permanently annulled in others in which the insanity is incurable.The actions of the acute or chronic insane are "senseless" and utterly devoid of reason; if a "quasi" motive is asserted it is insufficient, and as a rule ridiculous, incompetent to explain an act often involving matters of the greatest moment, even life itself.This is seen in certain forms of monomania.Thus the pyro-maniac sets fire to a crowded tenement.Gives as a reason for his motive in so doing that he likes the excitement and confusion incident to such a scene; all other motives based on rational explanation being excluded, such an one would be regarded and dealt with simply as a person possessing a dangerous monomania, and
Vitamin D Deficiency, Spontaneous Fractures, and Osteopenia in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: P. J. Maddison, P. A. Bacon
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Spontaneous, undisplaced fractures occurred in the long bones of five patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis. The results of biochemical, radiological, and dietary investigations in these patients were compared with those in a larger group of elderly women with rheumatoid arthritis without fractures. A significant association between skeletal rarefaction, calcium × phosphate product, and vitamin-D intake was shown in the whole group. Bone biopsies were performed in three patients with fractures, and histological evidence of osteomalacia was found in two patients. Dietary vitamin-D deficiency seems to play an important role in causing both the fractures and the osteopenia of longstanding rheumatoid arthritis.
Activation of human platelets by cocaine.
Authors: A D Kugelmass, A Oda, K Monahan, C Cabral, J A Ware
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Cocaine ingestion has been associated with thrombosis of coronary as well as peripheral arteries, but the mechanism by which cocaine promotes thrombus formation is unknown. Accordingly, we determined whether cocaine activates human platelets by flow cytometric analysis of whole blood to which cocaine was added. METHODS AND RESULTS Activated platelets were detected by "two-color" flow cytometric analysis of the binding of fluorescently labeled antibodies directed against either platelet-associated fibrinogen or P-selectin, which are found on the surface of platelets only after stimulation. Platelets were distinguished from other constituents of whole blood by their ability to bind an anti-glycoprotein Ib antibody bound to both activated and resting platelets. Incubation of whole blood with cocaine, in concentrations of 10 microM to 13 mM, induced significant increases in both platelet-associated fibrinogen (range of increase, 45 +/- 12% to 125 +/- 40%) and P-selectin expression (36 +/- 15% to 112 +/- 24%). In platelets suspended in either buffer or plasma, however, P-selectin expression was detected only at the highest cocaine concentration (85 +/- 13% increase in plasma and 59 +/- 7% in buffer). Neither aspirin nor the ADP scavenger apyrase inhibited cocaine-induced P-selectin expression. Cocaine inhibited the uptake of 14C-radiolabeled serotonin by platelets (IC50, 8.7 microM). P-selectin expression and fibrinogen binding were found after the addition of cocaine alone to blood taken from some but not all donors; however, platelet activation in response to submaximal concentrations of the agonists ADP or epinephrine was enhanced by a low concentration of cocaine added to blood from every donor. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine, in concentrations similar to those found clinically, induces activation of individual platelets studied in whole blood from some but not all donors, and platelet response to physiological agonists is enhanced by cocaine. Thus, cocaine-induced platelet activation may contribute to thrombosis following cocaine ingestion.
Successful Treatment of an Impacted Common Bile Duct Stone with Intraoperative Choledochoscopic Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy
Authors: S. M. Sheen-Chen, F. F. Chou
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

An impacted distal common bile duct stone which was encountered during supraduodenal common bile duct exploration could not be retrieved using stone forceps, a basket, normal saline flushing or a Fogarty catheter. Using intraoperative choledochoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy the stone was fragmented and successfully removed with a basket and normal saline flushing. The patient was well after a follow-up period of 18 months.
High quality care for people with chronic diseases
Authors: Trish Groves, Edward H Wagner
Journal: BMJ (2005)

High quality care for people with chronic diseasesWhat patients with chronic conditions really need W hat do patients with chronic conditions need?Worldwide, the straight answer must be a better life with freedom from poverty, hunger, and violence, and with the ability to read, work, and choose how many children to have.As for health, there is still much to do to prevent chronic disease through improving maternal and infant health, tackling infections, treating depression, cutting rates of smoking, and improving diet and levels of physical activity.These are big themes needing concerted responses, and all are debated regularly in the BMJ.This week, however, the BMJ is homing in on the practicalities of what researchers, doctors, and nurses and-most importantly-patients can do to make living with chronic disease more rewarding.This is the fourth issue the BMJ has dedicated to the topic of managing chronic diseases (see http://bmj.com/misc/fcissues.shtml for previous issues).Why have we given so much space to this topic?Firstly, chronic diseases are now the main cause of death and disability worldwide.According to the World Health Organization, non-communicable conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and respiratory diseases, now account for 59% of the 57 million deaths annually and 46% of the global burden of disease. 1 Less developed countries now face a huge double burden of acute and chronic disease.For example, WHO estimates that the number of people with diabetes will have risen by 195% in India during 1995-2025 to reach 57.2 million, while Pakistan is expected to have about 14.5 million people with diabetes by 2025.w1 Less developed countries are rising to this challenge, and the BMJ would like to publish much more evidence on managing chronic conditions in less developed countries.This week Ramaiya brings encouraging news on diabetes services in Tanzania, 2 and Pruitt and Epping-Jordan discuss the essential changes to the training and practice of health workers that chronic disease care requires and which are already underway in countries such as Eritrea and Sudan. 3Tang, however, discussing hypertension and cardiovascular disease in China, brings a note of warning: what works in countries with well resourced health services may simply be too expensive. 4ut there is also much more to be learned about coping with and managing these conditions in the richer world.Firstly, how can the quality of existing care for chronic diseases be improved?One strategy is to
p16Ink4a Suppression of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Bmi-1 in the Presence of p38 Activation
Authors: Mi-Ok Lee, Hyeon-Jae Lee, Mi-Ae Kim, Eun-Kyung Kim, Ji-Hyun Lee, Jin-Hyung Heo, Seung-Hyuk Lee, Sang-Ho Cho, Albert J. Fornace, Hye-Cheol Jeong, Hyuk-Jin Cha
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Anomalous Mitral Arcade in Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Elizabeth Losada, Anita J. Moon-Grady, William C. Strohsnitter, Danny Wu, Philip C. Ursell
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Echocardiography has documented acquired pulmonary stenosis and cardiomyopathy in recipient fetuses in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. At autopsy, we also have identified anomalous mitral arcade, a rare valve deformity associated with mitral regurgitation.To identify a profile for anomalous mitral arcade, we compared clinicopathological data from 11 sets of autopsied twin-twin transfusion syndrome fetuses, including 4 twin pairs in whom the recipient had anomalous mitral arcade (affected) and 7 pairs in whom both had structurally normal mitral valves (unaffected). Anomalous mitral arcade was characterized by a thick fibrous band at the free margin of the leaflets tethering papillary muscles and absent/short tendinous cords. One affected recipient also had pulmonary stenosis and tricuspid valve dysplasia. In all 11 sets, recipient hearts were larger than paired donor hearts. All 11 recipients had moderate to severe cardiac dysfunction by echocardiography. Echocardiography disclosed left atrial enlargement in all affected recipients but none of the unaffected recipients. Mitral regurgitation was present before demise in all affected recipients evaluated with color Doppler. Progressive decrease in mitral leaflet mobility was noted in those affected recipients with serial echocardiography.Previously unreported in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, anomalous mitral arcade was identified in 4 of 11 recipient fetuses (36%) in this autopsy series. Ultrasound or echocardiographic evidence of left atrial dilation, mitral regurgitation, and decreased leaflet mobility in recipients should raise suspicion for anomalous mitral arcade. Development of anomalous mitral arcade in twin-twin transfusion syndrome recipients suggests that the lesion is an acquired valve deformity in this setting, not a malformation.
Irrational Exuberance in Clinical Proteomics
Authors: Simon M. Lin, Warren Alden Kibbe
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Is the siren call of “omics”-based tests luring researchers, physicians, patients, and entrepreneurs onto the rocks of unproven and unapprovable diagnostics technology, or will the winds of technological change enable them to reach the beachhead safely? In the marketplace, patients and
The Misexpansion Disorders: ASA
Authors: Katharine S. Waldmann
Journal: JAMA (1990)

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Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis Induces Interleukin-1–Directed Inflammation
Authors: Murray C.H. Clarke, Sara Talib, Nichola L. Figg, Martin R. Bennett
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid accumulation in the vessel wall, inflammation, and both macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis. However, whereas VSMC apoptosis in mice with established atherosclerotic plaques or hyperlipidemia increases serum levels of the proatherogenic cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6, the link between hyperlipidemia, apoptosis and inflammation, and the mechanisms by which apoptotic cells promote inflammation in atherosclerosis are unknown.
Relationship Between Cord Blood sCD14 Levels, Ethnicity, Sex, and Prenatal Smoke Exposure in a Population of “At-Risk” Infants
Authors: M GRAYSON, I BAUERSARDINA, C VISNESS, R WOOD, F WITTER, G OCONNOR, M SANDEL, M KATTAN, H SAMPSON, A TOGIAS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)