tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic actions of natriuretic peptides and therapeutic potential in the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Nina Schlueter, Anita de Sterke, Diana M. Willmes, Joachim Spranger, Jens Jordan, Andreas L. Birkenfeld
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2014)

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are a group of peptide-hormones mainly secreted from the heart, signaling via c-GMP coupled receptors. NP are well known for their renal and cardiovascular actions, reducing arterial blood pressure as well as sodium reabsorption. Novel physiological functions have been discovered in recent years, including activation of lipolysis, lipid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration. Together, these responses promote white adipose tissue browning, increase muscular oxidative capacity, particularly during physical exercise, and protect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Exaggerated NP release is a common finding in congestive heart failure. In contrast, NP deficiency is observed in obesity and in type-2 diabetes, pointing to an involvement of NP in the pathophysiology of metabolic disease. Based upon these findings, the NP system holds the potential to be amenable to therapeutical intervention against pandemic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, and arterial hypertension. Various therapeutic approaches are currently under development. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the metabolic effects of the NP system and discusses potential therapeutic applications.
Aspiration Of Nebulizer Cork
Authors: Harold M. Silver
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Because the inhalation of aerosol bronchodilator solutions has an established place in the treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease, many different devices are available for their generation. The improper use of one of these by an asthmatic patient resulted in the blockage of the left mainstem bronchus by aspiration of the nebulizer cork. Examination of the design of this particular device and the instructions for its use reveal factors which facilitate such an accident. <h3>Report of a Case—</h3> A 43-year-old attorney has had asthma since the age of 5 and has used a nebulizer regularly since 1966. In the course of his work, the patient traveled considerably and on one trip found himself without the usual device. He purchased another nebulizer (Figure), which he found to be highly effective. It was loaded with epinephrine solution at the bedside for instant use. In the early hours of Feb
Four years' experience with a mobile gammacamera service.
Authors: M V Merrick, V F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The importance of the observations lies in the fact that a service offered to all is not being taken up evenly across the whole community. It is also clear that many children from all ethnic groups are not receiving immunisations at the recommended ages. Delay in taking immunisation might occur for a number of reasons such as frequent change of address, the child may be unwell or con? sidered unfit for immunisation by the doctor or health visitor on the scheduled day, and there may be poor understanding and poor motivation to accept immunisation on the part of the parents or of the health service staff. This is unfortunate when 33% of notifications for whooping cough and 28% of notifica? tions for measles in Bradford are for children aged 24 months or less. It is not possible to quantify how many of the differences are related to ethnic group as opposed to factors such as social class, place of residence, or the practices of local health professionals. Further research using the same life table method could clarify this and allow better targeting of health care. It is also suggested that a study should be made of the Indian community to identify those characteristics that encourage their desirable pattern of immunisation uptake so that these can be encouraged in other groups. Finally, it is suggested that the graphical method of presenting life table data on immunisation be developed as a form of understandable feedback to those directly working in immunisa? tion programmes.
Tumor necrosis factor in CHF: a double facet cytokine
Authors: R Ferrari
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Time for primary review 40 days.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gained its popularity in the world of biology and medicine in a weird way. In 1985, Old in New York City discovered the presence of a protein in blood after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, which is able to induce necrosis of some mouse tumors [1]. He called it ‘tumor necrosis factor’ , a term actually coined in the 1970s. At the same time and, virtually, on the other side of the street, Beutler and Cerami, working at what may appear as an unsurmountable biological distance, discovered that the intriguing state of cachexia is associated with the presence of a protein called ‘cachectin’ in the serum [2]. Its purification made them realize that ‘cachectin’ is an essential mediator of the state of LPS-induced shock and that it is the same molecule of ‘tumor necrosis factor’ [2]. It took some years for these three parents to recognize that their child, whatever called, was unusually gifted. They could not foresee that TNF turned out to be a prodigy molecule eliciting the publication of many papers per day [3].

Two names are not enough to describe TNF, as we now distinguish TNF-α from its twin, TNF-β or ‘lymphotoxin’ (LT), a lymphokine which has only a 30% homology with TNF-α but which binds to the same receptors [4]. Despite similarities, these two proteins do not always transduce identical signals; they have distinct cellular sources and regulation mechanisms. Strangely enough, and without any particular reason, there are many more studies on TNF-α than TNF-β.

Herein the current knowledge on the involvement of TNF-α in congestive heart failure (CHF) is reviewed. For the sake of simplicity, we will refer to TNF-α as TNF.

TNF is a trimeric 17-KDa polypeptide mainly produced by monocytes …
Patients in Denmark most empowered in Europe, study says
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Patients in Denmark consider themselves to be the most empowered in Europe, and patients in the United Kingdom were in 17th place out of the 31 countries surveyed in a study.

The study surveyed people in 27 European Union countries as well as Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia, Norway, and Switzerland. It was conducted by the Health Consumer Powerhouse, a company that provides consumer analysis and information, and was funded by an unrestricted research grant from Novartis.

Empowerment was ranked on 18 indicators, which were grouped into four categories that involve patients and consumers in healthcare …
Certification in Critical Care: Why?
Authors: GERALD N. OLSEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1987Certification in Critical Care: Why?GERALD N. OLSEN, M.D.GERALD N. OLSEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-914_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptJuggernaut: A massive inexorable force or object that crushes whatever is in its path (1).To the editor: The editorial by Benson and Hudson (2) on certification in critical care offered several statements that provoke comment. First, where are the data that support the concept of "improving the quality" of critical care as currently practiced by graduates of subspecialty training programs? Has this examination been based on adequate study, or is it a reaction to an imagined need? If this "juggernaut" is now in motion, significant academic, political, and health care delivery forces must have been responsible. When can we...References1. Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, Massachusetts: G&C Merriam Company. Google Scholar2. BENSONHUDSON JL. Certification in critical care medicine [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:470. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERALD N. OLSEN, M.D.Affiliations: University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, SC 29208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Training/Examination Programme in Intensive Care, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists: 2. Examination 1 June 1987Volume 106, Issue 6Page: 914-915KeywordsCritical careGraduate medical educationHealth careHealth care qualitySub-specialty care ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Smoking and caffeine have a synergistic detrimental effect on aortic stiffness and wave reflections
Authors: Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Foteini Kosmopoulou, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Nikolaos Ioakeimidis, Nikolaos Alexopoulos, Christos Pitsavos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Childhood Obesity
Authors: Norman Mangner, Kathrin Scheuermann, Ephraim Winzer, Isabel Wagner, Robert Hoellriegel, Marcus Sandri, Marion Zimmer, Meinhard Mende, Axel Linke, Wieland Kiess, Gerhard Schuler, Antje Körner, Sandra Erbs
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Effects of oral ciprofloxacin on aerobic gram-negative fecal flora in patients with cirrhosis: results of short- and long-term administration, with daily and weekly dosages
Authors: Rubén Terg, Karina Llano, Sergio M. Cobas, Claudia Brotto, Adriana Barrios, Diana Levi, Walter Wasen, M.Amelia Bartellini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Keratinocyte growth factor–just another mitogen or the “holy grail” that regulates liver regeneration?
Authors: Chandan Guha, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, was identified as a specific keratinocyte mitogen after isolation from a lung fibroblast line. Recently, recombinant (r)KGF was found to influence proliferation and differentiation patterns of multiple epithelial cell lineages within skin, lung, and the reproductive tract. In the present study, we designed experiments to identify additional target tissues, and focused on the rat gastrointestinal (GI) system, since a putative receptor, K-sam, was originally identified in a gastric carcinoma. Expression of KGF receptor and KGF mRNA was detected within the entire GI tract, suggesting the gut both synthesized and responded to KGF. Therefore, rKGF was administered to adult rats and was found to induce markedly increased proliferation of epithelial cells from the foregut to the colon, and of hepatocytes, one day after systemic treatment. Daily treatment resulted in the marked selective induction of mucin-producing cell lineages throughout the GI tract in a dose-dependent fashion. Other cell lineages were either unaffected (e.g., Paneth cells), or relatively decreased (e.g., parietal cells, enterocytes) in rKGF-treated rats. The direct effect of rKGF was confirmed by demonstrating markedly increased carcinoembryonic antigen production in a human colon carcinoma cell line, LIM1899. Serum levels of albumin were specifically and significantly elevated after daily treatment. These results demonstrate rKGF can induce epithelial cell activation throughout the GI tract and liver. Further, endogenous KGF may be a normal paracrine mediator of growth within the gut. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994. 94:1764–1777.) Key words: fibroblast growth factors carcinoembryonic antigen colon carcinoma gastric small intestine. (Reproduced from The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1994, vol. 94, pp. 1764-1777 by copyright permission of The Society for Clinical Investigation).
Asthma and indoor environment in Nepal
Authors: T Melsom
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Background-The development of asthma seems to be influenced by the adoption of a Western lifestyle.A study was undertaken to assess the importance of indoor environmental factors in Nepal where the lifestyle and home environment diVer from that in the West.Methods-The home environment of 121 schoolchildren with asthma and 126 controls aged 11-17 years was studied.The homes of all participants were investigated and the children and their mothers were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire.Cases and controls were identified from an ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) based population study of 2330 schoolchildren in Kathmandu, Nepal.Results-Keeping cattle inside the house during the night was related to a lower risk for having asthma (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.5)) while there was no association between asthma and cattle kept outside.Asthma was associated with cigarette smoking by two or more family members (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.9)) and with the domestic use of smoky fuels (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 4.5)).In analyses stratified by sex, passive smoking and the use of smoky fuels were significantly associated with asthma only in boys.Conclusions-The risk of asthma in Nepalese children was lower in subjects exposed to cattle kept inside the house and higher in subjects exposed to passive smoking and indoor use of smoky fuels.Childhood exposure to microorganisms or allergens from cattle may protect against the development of atopic disease.
Abstract 3841: An integrin αvβ3/c-Src oncogenic unit promotes anchorage independence and tumor progression
Authors: Jay S. Desgrosellier, Laetitia Seguin, Leo A. Barnes, David J. Shields, Miller Huang, Steven K. Lau, Nicolas Prevost, David Tarin, Sanford J. Shattil, David A. Cheresh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Integrins regulate adhesion-dependent growth, survival and invasion of tumor cells. In particular, expression of integrin αvβ3 is associated with progression of a variety of human tumors. We recently described an adhesion-independent role for integrin αvβ3 in pancreatic cancer and other carcinomas resulting in increased anchorage-independent tumor growth in vitro and lymph node metastases in vivo. These effects required recruitment of c-Src to the β3 integrin cytoplasmic tail, leading to c-Src activation. Pharmacological blockade of c-Src kinase activity with Dasatinib or genetic suppression of endogenous c-Src not only inhibited anchorage-independent growth, but also suppressed metastasis in vivo. We now show that αvβ3 exerts these effects through ligand-independent clustering of the integrin on the surface of non-adherent tumor cells. Self-assembly/clustering appears to be a unique property of αvβ3 relative to other integrins and is dependent on c-Src recruitment to αvβ3. These data describe a c-Src-dependent self-assembly property of αvβ3 leading to increased anchorage-independence and malignancy of tumor cells expressing this integrin. These findings also underscore the potential benefits of using Src inhibitors, such as Dasatinib, for treating patients with αvβ3-expressing solid tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3841.
The role of ozone exposure in the epidemiology of asthma.
Authors: J R Balmes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Asthma is a clinical condition characterized by intermittent respiratory symptoms, nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airway obstruction. Although the pathogenesis of asthma is incompletely understood, it is clear that airway inflammation is a paramount feature of the condition. Because inhalation of ozone by normal, healthy subjects causes increased airway responsiveness and inflammation, it is somewhat surprising that most controlled human exposure studies that have involved asthmatic subjects have not shown them to be especially sensitive to ozone. The acute decrement in lung function that is the end point traditionally used to define sensitivity to ozone in these studies may be due more to neuromuscular mechanisms limiting deep inspiration than to bronchoconstriction. The frequency of asthma attacks following ozone exposures may be a more relevant end point. Epidemiologic studies, rather than controlled human exposure studies, are required to determine whether ozone pollution increases the risk of asthma exacerbations. Asthma affects approximately 10 million people in the United States and, thus, the answer to this question is of considerable public health importance. Both the prevalence and severity of asthma appear to be increasing in many countries. Although increased asthma morbidity and mortality are probably of multifactorial etiology, a contributory role of urban air pollution is plausible. The epidemiologic database to support an association between asthma and ozone exposure is limited, but the results of several studies suggest such an association. Some potential approaches to further investigation of the relationship between asthma and ozone, including those that would link controlled human exposures to population-based studies, are considered.
Abstract 472: Murine models mimicking different colorectal cancer liver metastasis phenotypes
Authors: Xabier Garcia-Albeniz, Cristina Nadal, Roger Gomis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction Mechanisms responsible of liver metastasis (LiM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) are largely unknown. Efficient and reliable in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches mimicking clinical scenarios to identify genes responsible of LiM in CRC should be the first step to identify effective targets with clinical relevance. The objective was to develop an animal model of CRC LiM Experimental procedures The following human CRC cell lines Colo 205, SW480, SW620, KM12C and KM12L4A and the murine cell line Colo 26 were selected to test the feasibility of the metastatic in vivo model. Each cell line was GTP/luciferase-labelled and injected in a cohort of 6 female balb-c nude mice (Charles River). Two million cells where injected via intrasplenic injection, and splenectomy was performed one minute thereafter. Mice were followed with a Xenogen IVIS system. LiM were disgregated, cells were selected by cell sorting and re-injected with the aim of enriching their metastatic phenotype. . Results The cell lines Colo 205 and SW480 did not give rise to any liver metastasis. The rest of the cell lines tested produced liver metastasis with very different patterns. After injection of Colo26, there was not any signal clearance in the liver, followed by a massive infiltration in less than 5 days in every mice. SW620, KM12C and KM12L4A injection was followed by a clearance of the signal in the liver area and recovering of the signal occurred when metastasis developed. SW620 produced metastasis in 40% of the mice after 60 days of follow up. The pattern of metastasis of SW620 was as single spots, recapitulating a very frequent phenotype in patients. KM12C and KM12L4A produced multiple spots in 50% of the mice after 35 days of follow up. Disgregation and re-injection of SW620, KM12C and KM12L4A metastatic cells resulted into an enriched metastatic phenotype, with higher number of metastasis, shorter time to metastasis development and higher percentage of mice developing metastasis. Conclusion We provide different animal models that mimic different clinical scenarios. Enrichment of metastatic phenotype is feasible by re-injecting metastatic cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 472.
Youth Problem Behaviors 8 Years After Implementing the Communities That Care Prevention System
Authors: J. David Hawkins, Sabrina Oesterle, Eric C. Brown, Robert D. Abbott, Richard F. Catalano
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Community-based efforts to prevent adolescent problem behaviors are essential to promote public health and achieve collective impact community wide. OBJECTIVE To test whether the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system reduced levels of risk and adolescent problem behaviors community wide 8 years after implementation of CTC.A community-randomized trial was performed in 24 small towns in 7 states, matched within state, assigned randomly to a control or intervention group in 2003. All fifth-grade students attending public schools in study communities in 2003-2004 who received consent from their parents to participate (76.4% of the eligible population) were included. A panel of 4407 fifth graders was surveyed through 12th grade, with 92.5% of the sample participating at the last follow-up.A coalition of community stakeholders received training and technical assistance to install CTC, used epidemiologic data to identify elevated risk factors and depressed protective factors for adolescent problem behaviors in the community, and implemented tested and effective programs for youths aged 10 to 14 years as well as their families and schools to address their community's elevated risks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Levels of targeted risk; sustained abstinence, and cumulative incidence by grade 12; and current prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use, delinquency, and violence in 12th grade.By spring of 12th grade, students in CTC communities were more likely than students in control communities to have abstained from any drug use (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63), drinking alcohol (ARR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.09-1.58), smoking cigarettes (ARR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27), and engaging in delinquency (ARR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.36). They were also less likely to ever have committed a violent act (ARR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98). There were no significant differences by intervention group in targeted risks, the prevalence of past-month or past-year substance use, or past-year delinquency or violence.Using the CTC system continued to prevent the initiation of adolescent problem behaviors through 12th grade, 8 years after implementation of CTC and 3 years after study-provided resources ended, but did not produce reductions in current levels of risk or current prevalence of problem behavior in 12th grade. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01088542.