tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Learning to treat those with alcohol problems
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Teaching medical students about alcoholism is a little like starting an exercise routine: It's something that should be done, but until it catches on, there may not be much support for it. For about the past decade, however, medical schools have been catching on, and many now offer clerkships, electives, and research awards in alcoholism and alcohol abuse. At least one program, operating out of Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, is continuing to support this trend. Established in 1977 with a grant from the Operation Cork program of the Joan B. Kroc Foundation, Project Cork (which is Kroc spelled backwards) set out to integrate alcoholism education into the Dartmouth curriculum (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1982;248:1686-1688). Last month, the foundation awarded another $1 million to the project, thereby establishing the Project Cork Institute and providing the "underpinning" for the continuation and expansion of project activities, says Jean Kinney, MSW, codirector of the
Do patients with unexplained physical symptoms pressurise GPs for somatic treatment?
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The qualitative study by Ring et al on whether patients with unexplained symptoms pressurise their doctors for treatment together with the accompanying editor's choice provoked a strong response.1 2 The main criticism levelled at both is that none of the authors is a general practitioner and therefore cannot speak with authority.

Second comes the acknowledgment that there are indeed patients who are difficult and a …
Mycobacterial Skin Infection
Authors: ROBERT L. ANDERTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and CorrectionsJune 1, 1975Mycobacterial Skin InfectionROBERT L. ANDERTON, M.D.ROBERT L. ANDERTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-6-846 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I would like to draw attention to a possible relation between Feldman and Hershfield's paper (1) and a recent paper by Schiefer, Gee, and Ward (2). Both deal with a peculiar mycobacterial infection: a) the lesions were isolated or scattered granulomas primarily localized to the skin; b) the 29 human cases and 7 feline cases were localized to a similar geographic locale in central and western Canada; c) biopsy confirmed foamy histiocytes containing innumerable acid-fast staining organisms; and d) the organisms could not be cultured at both 37 °C and 25 °C.Although the in-depth microbiologic studies...References1. FELDMANHERSHFIELD RE: Mycobacterial skin infection by an unidentified species. A report of 29 patients. Ann Intern Med 80:445-452, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SCHIEFERGEEWARD BBG: A disease resembling feline leprosy in western Canada. J Am Vet Med Assoc 165:1085-1087, 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar1. Leprosy in Theory and Practice, edited by COCHRANE RG. Bristol, John Wright & Sons Ltd., 1964, pp. 50-68 Google Scholar2. RANKINMCDIARMID JA: Mycobacterial infections in free-living wild animals. Symp Zool Soc London 24:119-131, 1968 Google Scholar3. ROBINSONGRZYBOWSKIBOWMER BSE: Atypical mycobacterial disease in British Columbia, 1960-1967. Can Med Assoc J 101:17-24, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics June 1, 1975Volume 82, Issue 6Page: 846-847 Issue Published: June 1, 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mutations in SGOL1 cause a novel cohesinopathy affecting heart and gut rhythm
Authors: Philippe Chetaille, Christoph Preuss, Silja Burkhard, Jean-Marc Côté, Christine Houde, Julie Castilloux, Jessica Piché, Natacha Gosset, Séverine Leclerc, Florian Wünnemann, Maryse Thibeault, Carmen Gagnon, Antonella Galli, Elizabeth Tuck, Gilles R Hickson, Nour El Amine, Ines Boufaied, Emmanuelle Lemyre, Pascal de Santa Barbara, Sandrine Faure, Anders Jonzon, Michel Cameron, Harry C Dietz, Elena Gallo-McFarlane, D Woodrow Benson, Claudia Moreau, Damian Labuda, Shing H Zhan, Yaoqing Shen, Michèle Jomphe, Steven J M Jones, Jeroen Bakkers, Gregor Andelfinger
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Polyvalent Influenza Vaccine in General Practice
Authors: R. J. Blow
Journal: BMJ (1964)

negligible), which fell subsequently with corre- sponding clinical improvement.He had simply bought a bottle of 100 5-grain (324-mg.)tablets of potassium bromide (costing a few shillings) over the counter and helped himself.It appears hazardous for such a toxic substance, as yet not
Second-Opinion Trial in Patients Recommended for Coronary Angiography-Reply
Authors: Thomas B. Graboys
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In regard to the letters by Folland and Bernstein et al, we acknowledged in our article that this was indeed a select population. Had the patients not, however, sought a second opinion, each would have undergone coronary angiography. That this population is representative of the overall practice of coronary angiography is underscored by our reference to Topol et al,<sup>1</sup>who reviewed some 2000 patients undergoing angioplasty—two thirds of whom had never undergone exercise stress testing and 72% who were deemed to have stable angina pectoris. In the Angioplasty Compared to Medicine (ACME) trial referred to by Folland, there was a slight increase in exercise tolerance and relief of symptoms among those undergoing PTCA, but one has to ask at what cost? Among the 105 patients randomized to angioplasty, 20 had an unsuccessful procedure, two required emergency bypass surgery, five experienced an acute myocardial infarction, and 16 underwent
Some recent issues in low-exposure radiation epidemiology.
Authors: B MacMahon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Three areas of activity in the field of low-level radiation epidemiology have been reviewed. They concern the questions of cancer risk related to antenatal X-ray exposure, occupational radiation exposure, and residence in areas of real or supposed increased levels of radiation. Despite the a priori unlikelihood of useful information developing from studies in any of these areas, such investigations are being pursued, and the results are proving to be stimulating. Much important information will be forthcoming in the near future.
Lancet accuses AstraZeneca of sponsoring biased research
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Lancet last week took the unprecedented step of accusing Europe's second biggest drug company, AstraZeneca, of sponsoring biased research into its new anticholesterol drug rosuvastatin (Crestor).

   ![][1] 

Dr Richard Horton: doctors “must tell their patients the truth about rosuvastatin”

In an editorial, the journal's editor, Richard Horton, said the company's tactics “raise disturbing questions about how drugs enter clinical practice and what measures exist to protect patients from inadequately investigated medicines”( Lancet 2003;362: 1341).

The Galaxy series …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Genetic compatibility may explain recurrent spontaneous abortions
Authors: Cathy Yarbrough
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Aless than 1% chance exists that any randomly selected male and female would share more than one antigen of the major histocompatibility complex. Yet, although rare, this genetic compatibility does occur in couples, and it may explain repeated spontaneous abortions of karyotypically normal fetuses, according to Alan E. Beer, MD, chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor. Speaking at the American Fertility Society's annual meeting in Atlanta, Beer reported on his and other scientists' research that implicates male-female genetic homozygosity as a cause not only of habitual spontaneous abortions, but perhaps also of other reproductive failures, such as intrauterine growth retardation. (Among other investigators who have carried out such research are J. Glenn Lauritsen and colleagues in Aarhus, Denmark, and Luise Komlos and colleagues in Tel Aviv.) Beer also described the successful results of his laboratory's efforts to override this
A hospital outbreak of penicillin-resistant pneumococci in The Netherlands
Authors: CM Mandigers, RJ Diepersloot, M Dessens, SJ Mol, B van Klingeren
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Respiratory infections with penicillin resistant pneumococci constitute an increasing health care problem. This paper describes the nosocomial spread of penicillin resistant pneumococci (PRP) on a pulmonary ward. During an eight-month period, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for penicillin and several other antibiotics were performed on all Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates that were shown to be penicillin resistant by a screening assay. The personal data and case history of all patients with penicillin resistant pneumococci were evaluated. Penicillin Resistant Pneumococci were cultured from 18 patients, 16 men (mean age 74 +/- 8 yrs) and 2 women (aged 54 and 60 yrs). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was diagnosed in 16 patients, 10 of which had an additional underlying disease (2 diabetes mellitus, 2 heart failure, 2 malignancy). Prior to culture of Penicillin Resistant Pneumococci, 11 out of 18 patients were treated with antibiotics, a beta-lactam in most instances. Ten out of 18 patients died during or shortly after hospitalization. The death of one patient seems to be directly related to infection with Penicillin Resistant Pneumococci. The five Penicillin Resistant Pneumococci isolates available for serotyping were all type 9. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for penicillin varied from 0.5 to 2.0 mg.l-1. High minimal inhibitory concentrations were also noted for cefixime (all over 4.0 mg.l-1) and ceftriaxone (0.5-1.0 mg.l-1). It is concluded that penicillin resistant pneumococci can spread rapidly among old and debilitated patients. Thus, patients with this infection should be barrier nursed.
SERUM THERAPY IN DISEASE.
Authors: GÉORGE TULLY VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

From the time of Jenner's discovery that the dried serum of cowpox prevented or modified smallpox when introduced into the human system, has existed the hope that remedies would be discovered somewhat of the same character which would cure or prevent all diseases. But this bud of promise was slow in developing, and the bright expectations thus aroused were doomed to wait a century before they were even partially realized. As the ovum of the cicada septemdecem requires seventeen years to bring forth the mature insect, so the germ of Jenner's discovery after an incubation of one hundred years has blossomed into the science of bacteriology, which, through the labors of Pasteur, Koch, Behring and others, has already brought forth a wonderful harvest of relief from suffering and disease, and the day seems now at hand when, with a cure or preventive for every disease, cholera, yellow fever, diphtheria, leprosy,
Cytotoxic mAb from rheumatic carditis recognizes heart valves and laminin
Authors: Jeffrey E. Galvin, Mark E. Hemric, Kent Ward, Madeleine W. Cunningham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Anti-streptococcal antibodies cross-reactive with N-acetyl-βD-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and myosin are present in the sera of patients with rheumatic fever (RF). However, their role in tissue injury is not clear. In this study, we show that anti-GlcNAc/anti-myosin mAb 3.B6 from a rheumatic carditis patient was cytotoxic for human endothelial cell lines and reacted with human valvular endothelium and underlying basement membrane. Reactivity of mAb 3.B6 with the valve was inhibited by human cardiac myosin > laminin > GlcNAc. The mAb 3.B6 epitopes were localized in fragments of human cardiac myosin, including heavy meromyosin (HMM), the S1 subfragment, and two light meromyosin (LMM) peptides containing amino acid sequences KEALISSLTRGKLTYTQQ (LMM 1) and SERVQLLHSQNTSLINQK (LMM 33). A novel feature of mAb 3.B6 was its reactivity with the extracellular matrix protein laminin, which may explain its reactivity with the valve surface. A laminin A-chain peptide (HTQNT) that includes homology to LMM33 inhibited the reactivity of mAb 3.B6 with human valve. These data support the hypothesis that cross-reactive antibodies in rheumatic carditis cause injury at the endothelium and underlying matrix of the valve.
Modelling Malaria Control
Authors: Nicholas J White
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

In the past ten years, the rich world has begun to get serious about tackling the diseases that predominantly affect poor people, diseases that impose an enormous humanitarian and economic burden upon those least able to bear it. Infections comprise the majority of this burden, and three have been singled out for particular attention: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Of these, malaria is probably the easiest to attack. But how should we attack it?
Ribosomal and hematopoietic defects in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from Diamond Blackfan anemia patients
Authors: Loïc Garçon, Jingping Ge, Shwetha H. Manjunath, Jason A. Mills, Marisa Apicella, Shefali Parikh, Lisa M. Sullivan, Gregory M. Podsakoff, Paul Gadue, Deborah L. French, Philip J. Mason, Monica Bessler, Mitchell J. Weiss
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Physiologic Basis of Surgery
Authors: Christine L. Lau
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of peritoneo-venous shunt on portal pressure.
Authors: A K Samanta, C M Leevy
Journal: Gut (1989)

The cause of variceal bleed after a peritoneo-venous shunt is not known. Portal haemodynamic consequences of a peritoneo-venous shunt are poorly understood. The most critical period after a peritoneo-venous shunt is the early postoperative period when rapid mobilisation of peritoneal fluid occurs. Serial changes in the portal pressure during the early postoperative period have not been recorded. In the present study preoperative wedge hepatic vein (WHV), right atrial (RA) and pulmonary capillary wedged (PCW) pressures, cardiac index (CI), and plasma volume (PV) were measured in five alcoholic cirrhotic patients with tense ascites for up to 20 hours postoperatively. The longterm effect was assessed by repeating the intrahepatic and/or wedged hepatic vein pressures in three of the surviving patients after 10 to 20 months. A significant increase in the circulatory dynamics and portal pressure was seen within two hours after shunt placement. Wedged hepatic vein pressure increased from 27.6 (8.2) mmHg to 37.2 (9.2) mmHg (p less than 0.01), RA pressure increased from 6.8 (1.5) mmHg to 14.0 (4.3) mmHg (p less than 0.05), PCW increased from 7.2 (3.5) mmHg to 19.3 (5.7) mmHg (p less than 0.01), CI increased from 3.4 (0.27) lit/m2/min to 4.3 (0.85) lit/m2/min (p less than 0.05). This was accompanied by a 34% increase in the plasma volume from 1838.5 (142.1) to 2471.4 (210) ml/m2. These derangements were maintained up to 20 hours postoperatively. After 10 to 20 months, repeat measurements revealed a return to preoperative measurements. It is concluded that there is an acute increase portal pressure after a peritoneo-venous shunt attributed to increased circulation plasma volume, resulting from rapid mobilisation of ascitic fluid after the shunt. A sudden increase in portal pressure might be an important provoking factor for variceal bleeding after peritoneo-venus shunt.
1014 Evaluation and outcomes of combination therapy with interferon or peginterferon plus ribavirin in 67 Southeast Asian patients with hepatitis C genotypes 6, 7, 8, and 9
Authors: M NGUYEN, H TRINH, R GARCIA, J NING, E KEEFFE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Methyl-branched fatty acids present in the integument of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of their methyl esters and reduction products (alkanes) as n-3-, n-4-, n-5-, n-7-, n-8-, and n-9-monomethyl fatty acids and as n-5,9-, n-3,9-, and n-3,11-dimethyl fatty acids with 16 to 20 total carbons. These fatty acids have the same branching patterns as do the major hydrocarbons of this insect, including 3,11-dimethylnonacosane, the precursor to the major contact sex pheromone, and are presumed to be intermediates in hydrocarbon formation. A novel microsomal fatty acid synthetase (FAS) located in the integument of this insect incorporated [methyl-14C]methylmalonyl-CoA into methyl-branched fatty acids as demonstrated by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography. A cytosolic FAS is also present in the integument. Both the microsomal and the soluble FAS incorporated [methyl-14C]methylmalonyl-CoA into fatty acids, but only the microsomal FAS was able to efficiently use methylmalonyl-CoA as the sole elongating agent. This is the first report of the characterization of methyl-branched fatty acids from the integument of an insect and of an integumental microsomal FAS that incorporates methylmalonyl-CoA into branched fatty acids.
Haemophilus influenzae vaccines for infants in Spain
Authors: E. Perez-Trallero, J. L D. De Tuesta, C. Gutierrez, L. Gaztelorrutia
Journal: BMJ (1995)

injury the neck must be immobilised and an x ray film obtained.Several guidelines are now available for use in accident and emergency departments-for example, on advanced cardiac life support, para- cetamol poisoning, and asthma.Unfortunately, the more posters that adorn the walls of the department the less will be their individual impact.Great care needs to be exercised in drawing them up, especially as there is an increasing fear that they will also end up adorning the walls of lawyers' offices.
Combination anticoagulation therapy doubles risk of bleeding in patients at high risk of stroke
Authors: Debashis Singh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Patients at high risk of stroke should not be treated with combination anticoagulation therapy using aspirin and clopidogrel—known to be beneficial for those with cardiovascular disease—because it doubles the risk of bleeding, concludes new research from the University of Essen, Germany ( Lancet 2004;364:331-7).

Previous research showed that clopidogrel was better than aspirin for patients who had recently had an ischaemic stroke, heart attack, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Its benefits were greater in some high risk subgroups of patients, such as those with diabetes or previous …
Central Nervous System Reactions to Histamine-2 Receptor Blockers
Authors: Thomas G. Cantú, Joan S. Korek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Purpose: To review the incidence, risk factors, pharmacology, and management of central nervous system reactions to histamine-2 receptor (H2) blockers. Data Identification: English-language articles were identified through a search of the MEDLINE and Current Contents databases. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were examined for relevant articles. Case reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration through 19 September 1989 were obtained. Study Selection: Studies on the association between central nervous system toxicity (psychosis, agitation, hallucinations, delirium, mental status changes, disorientation, confusion, irritability, obtundation, or hostility) and H2 blockers were analyzed. Data Extraction: All data on the incidence of and potential predisposing factors for central nervous system reactions to H2 blockers were analyzed. Limitations of the data are discussed. Results of Data Synthesis: Central nervous system toxicities have been associated with all H2 blockers. These reactions generally occur during the first 2 weeks of therapy and resolve within 3 days of drug withdrawal. The estimated incidence of central nervous system reactions is 0.2% or less in outpatients and 1.6% to 80% in hospitalized patients. Cimetidine is most frequently associated with these reactions; however, no clear evidence exists that one H2 blocker is more likely than another to cause a reaction. Risk factors for central nervous system reactions have been proposed, but only advanced age has some, albeit limited, data to support it as a risk factor. Studies have only infrequently established causality and there have been difficulties in establishing risk factors for and relative incidences of a phenomenon that occurs infrequently in outpatients and that can be multifactorial in origin. Conclusions: All H2 blockers are associated with central nervous system reactions. There is no clear evidence of a higher rate of reactions with one H2 blocker compared with another.
745 Efficacy and safety of eltrombopag, an oral platelet growth factor, in subjects with HCV associated thrombocytopenia: Preliminary results from a phase II dose-ranging study
Authors: J.G. McHutchison, N. Afdhal, M.L. Schiffman, S. Gordon, P. Mills, S. Sigal, D. Midwinter, E.M. Campbells, D. Williams, D. Theodore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Imatinib and Pregnancy
Authors: Ridvan Ali, Fahir Ozkalemkas, Tulay Ozcelik, Vildan Ozkocaman, Atilla Ozkan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

excision alone will be adequate treatment.The problem remains however, in selecting the patients for whom radiation therapy can be safely omitted.As Lagios et al point out, sparing patients unnecessary treatment and morbidity is a valid and important goal.However, we also would mention that little or no difference in cardiac morbidity was seen in a recent retrospective comparison of left-versus right-sided breast cancers treated with modern radiation technique. 8 In addition, a recent meta-analysis showed very little nonbreast cancer mortality in recent trials of patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy. 9 The psychological impact of a local recurrence also is worth mentioning.Although possibly not life-threatening, local recurrence can be very distressing for some patients, who may elect mastectomy for psychological reasons alone.We agree that the best local therapy for various subgroups of DCIS patients remains unclear.We believe that the best studies to clarify this are prospective trials.