tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UK offers to help world's poorest countries provide free health care
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) is expressed in the brain and has been detected in macrophages, microglia, and neurons. ABCA7 promotes efflux of lipids from cells to apolipoproteins and can also regulate phagocytosis and modulate processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate the Alzheimer9s disease (AD) amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Genome-wide association studies have indicated that <i>ABCA7</i> single nucleotide polymorphisms confer increased risk for late-onset AD; however, the role that ABCA7 plays in the brain in the AD context is unknown. In the present study, we crossed ABCA7-deficient (A7<sup>−/−</sup>) mice with J20 amyloidogenic mice to address this issue. We show that ABCA7 loss doubled insoluble Aβ levels and thioflavine-S–positive plaques in the brain. This was not related to changes in APP processing (assessed by analysis of full-length APP and the APP β C-terminal fragment). Apolipoprotein E regulates cerebral Aβ homeostasis and plaque load; however, the apolipoprotein E concentration was not altered by ABCA7 loss. Spatial reference memory was significantly impaired in both J20 and J20/A7<sup>−/−</sup> mice compared with wild-type mice; however, there were no cognitive differences between J20 and J20/A7<sup>−/−</sup> mice. There were also no major differences detected in hippocampal or plaque-associated microglial/macrophage markers between J20 and J20/A7<sup>−/−</sup> mice, whereas the capacity for bone marrow-derived macrophages derived from A7<sup>−/−</sup> mice to take up oligomeric Aβ was reduced by 51% compared with wild-type mice. Our results suggest that ABCA7 plays a role in the regulation of Aβ homeostasis in the brain and that this may be related to altered phagocyte function.
Surgical Uses of Charged Gold Leaf
Authors: Lionel S. Auster
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It was exciting to learn of the revival of interest in the surgical uses of gold leaf as described by Gallagher and Geschickter (<i>JAMA</i><b>189:</b>928 [Sept 21] 1964). In reviewing the literature they speak of the scant references to the use of gold for any purpose. I first learned of the protective, adhesive, and antiseptic properties of goldbeater's foil in 1925 when I was surgical assistant to the late Dr. George H. Semken. He introduced me to its use as the covering for both the donor and the recipient sites in Thiersch grafts and larger split-skin grafts. The extensive cancer dissections (in which he was a pioneer) frequently required skin grafting for complete closure of denuded areas; for these procedures he always had available a book of sterilized gold-leaf foil and a thin, broad, flat brush of the type used by sign gilders. The static charge
General Practitioners and the District Hospitals
Authors: H. C. H. Bird
Journal: BMJ (1970)

sufficient to cause marked potentiation of insulin release.7 6 8 A radioimmunoassay for pancreozymin has shown no response of this hormone after ingestion of 50 g. of glucose, but a marked response occurs after a protein meal or a very large oral load of glucose (200 g.),9 suggesting that pancreozymin participates in the insulin-realease mecha- nism in these situations.Since there is evidence that the ingestion of fats is capable of enhancing the rate of disposal of IV glucose,'0 it is possible that insulin secretion is potentiated by the release of pancreozymin that would be expected with this stimulus,' but direct evidence on this point is lacking.The accumulated evidence suggests that secretin and possibly "gut" glucagon'2 may account for augmentation of the insulin response after a moderate-sized oral glucose load, and that pancreozymin may take part after a protein meal or a very large glucose load.There remains the problem whether these hormones are responsible for all the features that distinguish responses to ingested nutrients from responses to intravenous nutrients.These features include the relatively low blood levels of metabolites attained after ingestion of nutrients, which in the case of glucose are not readily accounted for by hepatic uptake of the sub- strate or by potentiation of insulin secretion.28-We are, etc.,
A5.5 SMOC2 modulates chondrogenesis by interfering with WNT and BMP signalling
Authors: Frédéric Cailotto, Frank P. Luyten, Rik J. Lories
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> A proteomic analysis of cartilage revealed an increase in SPARC-related modular calcium binding protein-2 (SMOC2) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). SMOC2 was originally isolated from a chondrogenic extract of articular cartilage together with GDF5 and FRZB, proteins associated with OA. We investigated SMOC2 in chondrocyte differentiation. <h3>Methods</h3> Three independent stable clonal colonies of the ATDC5 chondrogenic cell line, control (empty vector/GIPZ) and <i>SMOC2</i> overexpressing (SMOC2+) or knocked-down cells (SMOC2-), were used. Clones were cultured as high density micromasses (2x10<sup>5</sup> cells/10µl). Chondrogenesis was induced by culturing cells for 14 days (D) in DMEM/F12 + 5%FBS + ITS [insulin (10µg/ml), transferrin (10µg/ml) and sodium selenite (30nM)]. On D14, cells were switched to mineralization medium (αMEM+5%FBS+ITS). mRNA expression of markers (Aggrecan (Agg), type II (Col2a1) and X (Col10a1)) collagens was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Likely, we assessed mRNA expression of Wnts (-3a, -4, -5a, -5b, -11) and BMPs (-2, -4, -6, -7). Quantification of Alcian Blue, Safranin O, Sirius red and Alizarin red staining were used to evaluate proteoglycans, collagens and mineralised content respectively. Western blot was used to study BMP and Wnts pathways. <h3>Results</h3> In SMOC2 + cells<b>, </b>during the early (D1-7) and late proliferation phase (D7-14), Col2a1 and Agg mRNA increased less than controls. Safranin O and Alcian blue staining were also less upregulated in SMOC2 + . This was consistent with lower activation of Smad 1/5/8 in SMOC2 + . Col10a1 mRNA increased as expected from D14 onwards, but significantly less in SMOC2 + compared to controls. SMOC2 overexpression affected Wnt mRNA levels. During mineralization (D14-21), Col10a1 mRNA was strongly increased, but to a lesser extent in SMOC2 + , and alizarin red was much stronger in controls. The SMOC2- cells exhibited opposite features as SMOC2 + . In the D1-D14 phases, Collagen and Proteoglycan content was higher than in controls, alike Col2a1 mRNA level. In the D14-21 phase, these differences were maintained, and Col10a1 mRNA level was higher in SMOC2-, and a trend was found for a higher mineralization content in SMOC2-. No difference was detected in cell viability for both SMOC2 + and SMOC2- compared to their respective controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SMOC2 modulates chondrogenesis by affecting BMP-Smad and Wnt signalling. These data suggest that SMOC2 can play a modulating role in OA.
GMC clears GP accused of giving court “junk science” on MMR vaccine
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A GP whose expert report to a court highlighting the risks of immunisation of children was criticised as “junk science” by a senior judge has been cleared of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council.

Jayne Donegan, of Herne Hill, London, was accused of contravening her duty as a court witness by giving misleading impressions of the research she cited, quoting selectively, and failing to be objective, independent, and unbiased.

Dr Donegan wrote two reports for a case heard in 2002 in the family …
Subspecialists and Internal Medicine: A Perspective
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

There is a growing schism between general internal medicine and the medical subspecialties. The latter are functioning increasingly as categorical disease centers, such as cardiac or cancer centers, which involve subspecialists from several departments. These new "horizontal" organizational units are thought to enhance the effectiveness of patient care as well as the generation of resources, especially for research and training. However, subspecialists operating outside of the framework of training, accreditation, and standards established by internal medicine are at risk for being less effective in dealing with the "whole" patient. Further, the critical evaluation of clinical practices of subspecialists is greatly needed and is far more likely to be accomplished effectively within departments of internal medicine than in categorical disease centers. Therefore, although some strengthening of the new horizontal organizational units now seems appropriate, this process must not be allowed to erode the important integrating structure provided by internal medicine.
Ranibizumab versus Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration: Results from the GEFAL Noninferiority Randomized Trial
Authors: Laurent Kodjikian, Eric H. Souied, Gérard Mimoun, Martine Mauget-Faÿsse, Francine Behar-Cohen, Evelyne Decullier, Laure Huot, Gilles Aulagner
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Reactive arthritis with eosinophilic synovial infiltration.
Authors: B Bissonnette, F Beaudet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A 17-year-old Cambodian-born female was recently evaluated for subacute seronegative arthritis involving both ankles and the right midfoot. Suboptimal response to a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prompted open synovial biopsy, which showed intensive eosinophilic infiltration of the synovial structures. Slight peripheral eosinophilia had been found before her admission to hospital, and Ankylostoma duodenale was isolated. Antiparasitic treatment offered little more relief. She was also found out to be a carrier of the histocompatibility antigen HLA B27, and it may be that despite unusual histological findings she had a B27-related reactive type of arthropathy. The relation to the parasitic infestation remains speculative.
Hospitalization in an Urban Homeless Population: The Honolulu Urban Homeless Project
Authors: Jon V. Martell, Rae S. Seitz, Janice K. Harada, Joel Kobayashi, Vern K. Sasaki, Clifford Wong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To determine the rate and estimate the cost of hospitalization in a defined urban homeless population.Retrospective chart review.Kalihi-Palama Health Clinic Health Care for the Homeless Project, Hawaii State Hospital and seven acute care hospitals in Honolulu, Hawaii.A total of 1751 homeless clients contacted between 1 December 1988 and 30 November 1990.A total of 1751 individuals were studied for an aggregate of 871.3 person-years. Five hundred sixty-four hospitalizations were identified: ninety-two to the state psychiatric hospital and 472 to acute care hospitals. The age- and sex-adjusted hospitalization rate for acute care hospitals was 542/1000 person-years (compared with the state rate of 96/1000 person-years). Homeless persons were admitted to acute care hospitals for 4766 days compared with a predicted 640 days. The age- and sex-adjusted rate of admission to the state psychiatric hospital was 105/1000 person-years (compared with the state rate of 0.8/1000 person-years). Homeless persons were admitted to the state psychiatric hospital for 3837 days compared with a predicted 139 days.Homeless individuals in this study were hospitalized in acute care and psychiatric hospitals far more frequently than were members of the general population.
Adolescent Pregnancy: Perspectives for the Health Professional
Authors: Richard R. Brookman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Much has been written about the epidemiology and the consequences of pregnancy in teenagers. The 1970s saw a major federal initiative to develop and fund services for pregnant teenagers and teenaged parents. Smith and Mumford perceived a need for a clearer understanding of the underlying causes of early childbearing and for a critical evaluation of existing services. They recruited a multidisciplinary panel of contributors for a textbook appealing to a broad spectrum of health professionals. The chapters vary considerably in sophistication and scope, which the editors acknowledge. There is extensive review of the existing literature and, disappointingly, one more restatement of the statistics published by the Guttmacher Institute in 1976. Chapters are well referenced, with numerous subheadings, permitting easy access to specific information. Several chapters deserve comment. Joan Lipsitz concisely reviews normal adolescent psychosexual development and its relationship to pregnancy. Administrative issues, psychiatric views of pregnancy, and abortion are skimmed
NHS bed cuts to be reviewed
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The culture of ward closures in the NHS, which has cut beds by 100000 in the past 10 years, is to be reconsidered, the health secretary, Frank Dobson, has decided.

Mr Dobson announced that there would be a national beds inquiry--one of a raft of government announcements to the Labour party conference in Blackpool last week. A Department of Health team will examine the number, mix, and use of NHS beds in England. The inquiry team will draw together existing evidence and data worldwide and assess future clinical trends; it is due to report …
Maternal Pertussis Immunization
Authors: Natalia Jiménez-Truque, Kathryn M. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
560 Hepatocyte transplantation in children with severe urea cycle defect and factor VII deficiency
Authors: A. Dhawan, R.R. Mitry, R.D. Hughes, S. Lehec, C. Terry, M. Champion, R. Arya, N.D. Heaton, M. Rela, J.B. Karani, G. Mieli-Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Belief in Alien UFOs Deep in American Psyche
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

BELEAGUERED astrophysicists are all too familiar with UFO theories like the one that figured in the suicides of 39 members of the Heaven's Gate cult in March. At Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, site of the Space Telescope Science Institute that operates the Hubble Space Telescope, Hal Weaver, PhD, found his e-mail this spring peppered with inquiries about Comet HaleBopp. Some writers accused Weaver, a research scientist in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, with conspiring to withhold Hubble images of UFOs accompanying the comet. "Most were very angry," Weaver said in an interview. Some, however, felt that he was being coerced into suppressing data and told him he would be in their prayers. Replying that he saw no evidence for UFOs or other paranormal activities associated with Hale-Bopp, Weaver said, "usually only opened the floodgates for more." Readers will find Hubble's images at http://www.stsci.edu. <h3>'Dragons and Giants'</h3> "People
The Effect of Cyclosporine on the Use of Hospital Resources for Kidney Transplantation
Authors: J Showstack, P Katz, W Amend, L Bernstein, H Lipton, M O'Leary, A Bindman, O Salvatierra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Over the past decade the clinical results of kidney transplantation have improved substantially, with much of the benefit being attributed to the introduction in late 1983 of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine. To assess the effect of cyclosporine on the use of hospital services, we studied 702 patients who received kidney transplants at the University of California, San Francisco, between July 1982 and June 1986. All services were priced in constant 1985 dollars, and multiple regression analysis was used to adjust for changing patient and hospital characteristics. The introduction of cyclosporine for patients receiving kidneys from cadavers was associated with a significantly shorter adjusted mean postoperative stay (26.4 days as compared with 37.0 for patients not taking the drug; P less than 0.0001) and lower adjusted mean hospital charges ($28,649 as compared with $37,895; P less than 0.0001), although cyclosporine was not associated with changes in the use of services by patients who received transplants from living related donors. Cyclosporine was also associated with a reduction in the use of certain ancillary services, such as laboratory tests and radiographic procedures. In patients without diabetes who received cadaver kidneys, a sequential cyclosporine regimen (in which a combination of antilymphoblast globulin, prednisone, and azathioprine was given before cyclosporine) reduced the use of hospital services even more than did a cyclosporine regimen in which the combination was not given. The results suggest that new medications, such as cyclosporine, that reduce the frequency of complications and improve outcomes may also reduce the use of hospital resources.
NOTES ON THE MAIN CHANNEL OF THE SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO.
Authors: J. W. BEARDSLEY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is impossible within the few minutes at my disposal to more than cursorily touch upon the following general points relative to the main channel of the Sanitary District of Chicago: A general description of the present progress of the work. Some of the benefits accruing to the residents of Chicago upon the completion of the channel. Points of interest in a tour of the line. Of the well-known facts regarding the origin of the project, the labor involved in its legal birth and the imperative demands of sanitation for immediate relief, I will say nothing. The existing result is a channel under process of construction and about thirty miles long. The eastern terminus is at the intersection of Robey Street with the west branch of the south fork of the river, the grade of the bottom being about twenty-four and one-half feet below the Chicago datum plane, or the
DNA repair contributes to the drug-resistant phenotype of primary acute myeloid leukaemia cells with FLT3 internal tandem duplications and is reversed by the FLT3 inhibitor PKC412
Authors: C H Seedhouse, H M Hunter, B Lloyd-Lewis, A-M Massip, M Pallis, G I Carter, M Grundy, S Shang, N H Russell
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Medical Management Decisions in Nursing Home Patients
Authors: RICHARD F. UHLMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

The ethical principles of medical decision making are inherently the same for nursing home residents, who represent an increasingly large segment of the population, as they are for other adult patients. In practice, however, a number of considerations require specialized application of these principles in nursing homes. Notably, a large proportion of nursing home patients are at high risk for morbid and mortal events yet are incapable of expressing medical management preferences due to dementia and confusion. Policies and procedures regarding medical decisions for nursing home patients are needed. We present and discuss a policy for patient care in nursing homes based on recommendations of a national biomedical ethics committee. This policy, which may be adapted for use in specific institutions, explicitly discusses the principles of care and their application in nursing homes. It also encourages prospective decision making and provides advance care directives for patients and their decision-making surrogates to do so.
ArrayTrack--supporting toxicogenomic research at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration National Center for Toxicological Research.
Authors: Weida Tong, Xiaoxi Cao, Stephen Harris, Hongmei Sun, Hong Fang, James Fuscoe, Angela Harris, Huixiao Hong, Qian Xie, Roger Perkins, Leming Shi, Dan Casciano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The mapping of the human genome and the determination of corresponding gene functions, pathways, and biological mechanisms are driving the emergence of the new research fields of toxicogenomics and systems toxicology. Many technological advances such as microarrays are enabling this paradigm shift that indicates an unprecedented advancement in the methods of understanding the expression of toxicity at the molecular level. At the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, core facilities for genomic, proteomic, and metabonomic technologies have been established that use standardized experimental procedures to support centerwide toxicogenomic research. Collectively, these facilities are continuously producing an unprecedented volume of data. NCTR plans to develop a toxicoinformatics integrated system (TIS) for the purpose of fully integrating genomic, proteomic, and metabonomic data with the data in public repositories as well as conventional (Italic)in vitro(/Italic) and (Italic)in vivo(/Italic) toxicology data. The TIS will enable data curation in accordance with standard ontology and provide or interface a rich collection of tools for data analysis and knowledge mining. In this article the design, practical issues, and functions of the TIS are discussed through presenting its prototype version, ArrayTrack, for the management and analysis of DNA microarray data. ArrayTrack is logically constructed of three linked components: a) a library (LIB) that mirrors critical data in public databases; b) a database (MicroarrayDB) that stores microarray experiment information that is Minimal Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) compliant; and c) tools (TOOL) that operate on experimental and public data for knowledge discovery. Using ArrayTrack, we can select an analysis method from the TOOL and apply the method to selected microarray data stored in the MicroarrayDB; the analysis results can be linked directly to gene information in the LIB.
The new jurisprudence
Authors: R. M. Bryn
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IN THE Aug 18, 1975 issue ofThe Journal, Kenneth J. Ryan, MD, concluded a commentary on the US Supreme Court's 1973 abortion decisions, Roe vs Wade and Doe vs Bolton , with certain recommendations for action by the medical profession to reduce the irrational hostility that the abortion issue evokes.  According to Dr Ryan, the Supreme Court underpinned its decisions with a  right to differ in our personal  and an almost absolute right [of the mother] to self defense in terminating her pregnancy. Neither of these rights was at issue in the cases; neither was mentioned in the opinions; neither was a basis for the holdings. Indeed, they could not have been. That there exists a constitutional right to differ in our personal morality is self-evident. But there is a distinction between belief and conduct. Physicians and lawyers alike are acquainted with instances wherein practices based on personal
Antibodies against H5 and H9 Avian Influenza among Poultry Workers in China
Authors: Ming Wang, Chuan-Xi Fu, Bo-Jian Zheng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The authors assessed the risk of avian influenza virus infection among humans by conducting a serologic surveillance study in Guangzhou. The findings highlight the potential risk of H9 avian influenza virus to public health.