tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Forbidden Fruit
Authors: Samuel Bigg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Why is pomegranate the favored fruit in the "Song of Songs"? The question which vexed historians for centuries has now been answered. "The estrogen content of the pomegranate," states Ariadne (<i>New Scientist</i>,<b>31</b>:743, 1966), "could well account for the prominence given to that fruit throughout the 'Song of Songs,' which is Solomon's." Recent extraction of "animal" estrogen from the pomegranate (<i>American Newsletter,</i>No. 717), viewed in the light of the etymologic definition of estrogen as "begetter of mad desire," supports Ariadne's thesis. Having shed new light on a Biblical mystery, we can now hope to clarify another. Why did Eve tempt Adam with an apple, when the aphrodisiac pomegranate would have been so much more appropriate? This too can now be answered. "Apple," in the language of the Old Testament, is sometimes used as a generic term applicable to a variety of fruit and vegetables. When
Accuracy of diagnostic content of hospital activity analysis in infectious diseases.
Authors: A M George, G B Maddocks
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Hospital activity analysis (HAA) was used to identify 2151 patients in whom the diagnostic code fell within the infectious disease categories of the International Classification of Disease. The clinical notes of these patients were examined by a doctor and in 414 (19.2%) the diagnostic coding was incorrect. Diarrhoea and viral infections were miscoded most often. The possibility of inaccuracy must be considered when HAA aggregated data are used for planning purposes. Accuracy could be improved if clinicians routinely completed the diagnostic sections of the HAA form.
Influence of Airway Pressures on Edema in the Isolated Dog's Lung
Authors: ERICH WAGNER, P. ANDRE RIEBEN, KIMIKO KATSUHARA, PETER F. SALISBURY
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The left lower lobe of anesthetized, heparinized dogs was excised, weighed, and cannulated. Another lobe of the same dog was excised for control purposes. The cannulated lobe was perfused by a system of adjustable reservoirs which was fed with fresh blood from a donor dog. The perfused lobe was mounted on an electronic balance so that weight changes could be recorded together with the pressures in the inflow and outflow conduits and in the bronchus. When the per fusion pressures were varied within normal limits, the weight of the lobes reached stable plateaus. Abnormally high perfusion pressures caused a continuous, steady increase in lobe weight, which was evident from the slope of the weight registration. Blood holdup in the lobe was measured by comparing the hemoglobin content of the control lobe with that of the experimental specimen taken at the end of an experiment. Blood holdup accounted for only about 10 per cent of the weight increase of edematous lobes. Initial observations were made in collapsed lobes; in the course of some experiments these lobes were inflated and the static airway pressures were then kept at varying levels. Irrespective of the perfusion pressures, transudate did not issue from the airway as long as the lobe was collapsed. Abnormal perfusion pressures caused the accumulation of fluid, which continued as long as the perfusion pressures were constant. The rate of transudation was determined by the perfusion pressures and was not influenced by inflation of the collapsed lobe nor by variations of the static airway pressure. When a collapsed lobe had become edematous anti was then inflated, transudate issued from the airway. Increases of the static airway pressure did not decrease the rate of fluid accumulation, but only confined the transudate to the lung and prevented its discharge from the airway.
Lessons Learned From the Syrian Sarin Attack: Evaluation of a Clinical Syndrome Through Social Media
Authors: Yossi Rosman, Arik Eisenkraft, Nadav Milk, Arthur Shiyovich, Nimrod Ophir, Shai Shrot, Yitshak Kreiss, Michael Kassirer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

On the night of 21 August 2013, sarin was dispersed in the eastern outskirts of Damascus, killing 1400 civilians and severely affecting thousands more. This article aims to delineate the clinical presentation and management of a mass casualty event caused by a nerve agent as shown in the social media. Authors searched YouTube for videos uploaded of this attack and identified 210 videos. Of these, 67 met inclusion criteria and were evaluated in the final analysis. These videos displayed 130 casualties; 119 (91.5%) of which were defined as moderately injured or worse. The most common clinical signs were dyspnea (53.0%), diaphoresis (48.5%), and loss of consciousness (40.7%). Important findings included a severe shortage of supporting measures and lack of antidotal autoinjectors. Decontamination, documented in 25% of the videos, was done in an inefficient manner. Protective gear was not noticed, except for sporadic use of latex gloves and surgical masks. This is believed to be the first time that social media was used to evaluate clinical data and management protocols to better prepare against future possible events.
Heterogeneity among Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis is key to racial inequities
Authors: R. S Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Feder et al recently confirmed and extended observations pointing to inequity in the invasive management of coronary disease.— They conclude that the inequity is not due to physician bias or socioeconomic status and emphasise as explanations patients' understanding of risks and benefits, and barriers in the healthcare system after placement on a waiting list.

Similar observations in the United States have led to intense debate, particularly on the potential role of racism. In my overview on racism, which focused on the extensive data on …
AIDS-associated virus yields data to intensifying scientific study
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to rise. By early fall, more than 14,400 cases had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta. The agency predicts that—by midsummer 1986— there will be an additional 12,000 cases. James W. Curran, MD, chief of the center's AIDS branch, and his associates estimate that as many as a million Americans are now infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the virus generally held to be the primary cause of AIDS (<i>Science</i>1985;229:1352-1357). In many reports, the AIDS virus is also called the lymphadenopathyassociated virus (LAV), the name proposed by the French group headed by Luc Montagnier, MD, who originally isolated this virus. For his part, Robert C. Gallo, MD, chief of the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology at the National Cancer Institute (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md) and the American discoverer of the
Self reported snoring and daytime sleepiness in men aged 35-65 years.
Authors: J R Stradling, J H Crosby, C D Payne
Journal: Thorax (1991)

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that snoring alone, without conventional sleep apnoea or hypopnoea, may disrupt sleep and produce substantial daytime hypersomnolence. This study addresses this potential relationship. METHOD: Eight hundred and fifty men, aged 35-65 years, drawn from one general practice were visited at home and asked a range of questions potentially related to sleepiness, snoring, and sleep apnoea; these included inquiries about alcohol and cigarette consumption, nasal stuffiness, shift work, hypnotic or other drug use, and medical diagnoses. In addition, measurements of height, weight, and overnight arterial oxygen saturation were made. The relation between snoring and sleepiness, with allowance made for potentially confounding variables, including sleep apnoea, was assessed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Positive answers to all questions about sleepiness were correlated significantly with self reported snoring. After potentially confounding variables and any sleep apnoea had been controlled for, positive answers to four questions about inappropriate drowsiness or sleepiness were independently related to snoring. For example, the odds ratio of admitting to "having almost had two or more car accidents while driving due to sleepiness" was 5.8 (95% confidence intervals: 2.7-12.5) in an "often" snorer. CONCLUSIONS: Although epidemiological associations such as this do not prove a causal relation, the study suggests that snoring (without classical sleep apnoea) may sometimes reduce sleep quality sufficiently to produce substantial daytime drowsiness.
Screening for total cholesterol. Do the National Cholesterol Education Program's recommendations detect individuals at high risk of coronary heart disease?
Authors: T L Bush, D Riedel
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) has provided guidelines for identification of persons at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) because of lipid abnormalities. These recommendations are based on total cholesterol as the initial screening tool and have become the stimulus for clinic- and community-based screening programs nationwide. However, the use of the guidelines may be problematic because individuals may have total cholesterol levels in the desirable range but low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels considered at high risk. This study evaluates the ability of the NCEP screening recommendations to identify correctly persons at high risk of CHD because of lipid abnormalities.Using the NCEP guidelines, we simulated a population-based screening program with data from visits 1 and 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Individuals were considered to be at high risk of CHD if they had LDL levels greater than 160 mg/dl or HDL levels less than 35 mg/dl. Following the NCEP process, 21% of those with high LDL concentrations and 66% of those with low HDL concentrations would not be routinely referred for immediate treatment. Overall, 41% of those at high risk of CHD would not be promptly evaluated. The sensitivity of the guidelines for promptly identifying individuals with lipoprotein abnormalities is 59%.This relatively low sensitivity of total cholesterol as a screening tool should be the impetus for rethinking the screening guidelines. Specifically, the cost-benefit ratio of routine screening for lipoproteins, particularly HDL cholesterol, needs to be carefully considered.
A 4% erythromycin and zinc combination (ZinerytR) versus 2% erythromycin (ErydermR) in acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind comparative study
Authors: L. HABBEMA, B. KOOPMANS, H.E. MENKE, S. DOORNWEERD, K. BOULLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

A double-blind, randomized multi-centre study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a 4% erythromycin and zinc combination (Zineryt) versus 2% erythromycin (Eryderm). One-hundred and twenty-two patients suffering from acne vulgaris were treated with either Zineryt lotion or 2% erythromycin lotion. Acne grading and lesion counts for comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and macules were performed at each visit at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Treatment with Zineryt lotion was found to be more effective than with 2% erythromycin as regards the reduction in number of the acne lesions and the severity grade of the acne.
Phase 2 trial of romidepsin in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Richard L. Piekarz, Robin Frye, H. Miles Prince, Mark H. Kirschbaum, Jasmine Zain, Steven L. Allen, Elaine S. Jaffe, Alexander Ling, Maria Turner, Cody J. Peer, William D. Figg, Seth M. Steinberg, Sonali Smith, David Joske, Ian Lewis, Laura Hutchins, Michael Craig, A. Tito Fojo, John J. Wright, Susan E. Bates
Journal: Blood (2011)
THE TREATMENT OF WARTS
Authors: JAMES AVIT-SCOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1938)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF WARTS Get access JAMES AVIT‐SCOTT, M.D. JAMES AVIT‐SCOTT, M.D. Honorary Dermatologist, Midland Hospital, Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 50, Issue 6, 1 June 1938, Pages 316–318, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1938.tb10568.x Published: 01 June 1938
HIV in injecting drug users in Asian countries
Authors: Alex Wodak, Robert Ali, Michael Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Discussions of HIV control in developing countries usually pay insufficient attention to injecting drug use. Yet half the population of the world now lives in developing countries within a few hours’ flight from Bangkok in a region where HIV infection is dominated by the sharing of injecting equipment. The number of people infected with HIV in India and China alone is estimated to increase from 6-10 million at present to 30-40 million by 2010. By 2010 The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) expects that Asia will outstrip sub-Saharan Africa in absolute numbers of HIV carriers. 1 In seven of the 10 UNAIDS regions—accounting for 90% of the global population—injecting drug users are considered among the most important risk groups for HIV.  (excerpt)
Answer to Dr. Rogers.
Authors: Walter G. Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1895)

New York, June 10, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Rogers' attack upon Koch's demonstration of the causation of cholera, in theJournalof June 8, is rather amusing to the medical man of to-day. While believing that he will receive answers more able than mine, I take the liberty of calling his attention to a few errors in his statement. In the first place, Koch did not "fancy" that the comma bacillus was the cause of cholera; it had to be present in every [case of cholera, it had to be capable of cultivation in artificial media in pure culture, and it had to produce the disease whenever inoculated, before he was willing to identify it as the cause. Unfortunately, the inoculation experiments do not depend alone upon results obtained in the lower animals, for several bacteriologists have themselves been infected while working with this organism. In the second place,
The cryptic chromosomal deletion del(11)(p12p13) as a new activation mechanism of LMO2 in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: P. Van Vlierberghe, M. van Grotel, H. B. Beverloo, C. Lee, T. Helgason, J. Buijs-Gladdines, M. Passier, E. R. van Wering, A. J. P. Veerman, W. A. Kamps, J. P. P. Meijerink, R. Pieters
Journal: Blood (2006)
Vertical and veridical – 2.5-dimensional visual and vestibular navigation
Authors: David M. W. Powers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Does the psychological and neurological evidence concerning three-dimensional localization and navigation fly in the face of optimality? This commentary brings a computational and robotic engineering perspective to the question of "optimality" and argues that a multicoding manifold model is more efficient in several senses, and is also likely to extend to “volume-travelling” animals, including birds or fish.
Concentrations of Serum Vitamin D and the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Earl S. Ford, Umed A. Ajani, Lisa C. McGuire, Simin Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Accumulating research suggests that circulating concentrations of vitamin D may be inversely related to the prevalence of diabetes (1,2,3,4), to the concentration of glucose (4,5,6,7,8), and to insulin resistance (4,5,8,9). In addition, vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (8,10), a highly prevalent condition among U.S. adults (11). Much remains to be learned, however, about the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome. Because this topic has received scant attention and the available information was derived from a small clinically based sample, we sought to examine the nature and strength of the association between serum concentrations of vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome in a large nationally representative sample of the U.S. population.

Between 1988 and 1994, a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian U.S. population, selected using a multistage stratified sampling design, participated in the NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Survey participants were interviewed and invited for a clinical examination (12,13, …
V1 and V2b Interneurons Secure the Alternating Flexor-Extensor Motor Activity Mice Require for Limbed Locomotion
Authors: Jingming Zhang, Guillermo M. Lanuza, Olivier Britz, Zhi Wang, Valerie C. Siembab, Ying Zhang, Tomoko Velasquez, Francisco J. Alvarez, Eric Frank, Martyn Goulding
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Report of the Task Force on Vascular Medicine.
Authors: J T Shepherd, J J Bergan, R A Cohen, J J Hawiger, L D Hillis, B T Katzen, J P Mohr
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Heart Association's Science Advis- ory Committee was charged by the AHA's Board of Directors to make recommendations about how practice, education, basic and clinical re- search, and research training in vascular disease can be fostered in medical institutions, where specialists from a variety of disciplines are involved in patient care, edu- cational activities, and research relevant to diseases of the vascular system.For this purpose, the Science Advisory Committee appointed the Task Force onVas- cular Medicine, after consultation with council chairs, to provide representation of key disciplines concerned with vascular diseases.This is the report of
Abstract CT342: Phase I/II study of gefitinib in combination with vorinostat in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed on prior chemotherapy
Authors: Ji-Youn Han, Soo Hyun Lee, Tak Yun, Young Jooo Lee, Kum Hui Hwang, Sunah Ryu, Heung Tae Kim, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Gefitinib has shown marked efficacy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. However, the development of acquired resistance is inevitable. Additionally, its therapeutic effect in EGFR-wild type NSCLC is controversial. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown to overcome resistance to gefitinib. We performed a phase I/II study combining gefitinib with vorinostat in previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: A 3+3 dose-escalation design was used to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Three dose levels were tested: gefitinib 250/day on days 1 through 28 and vorinostat on days 1-7 and 15-21 at 200, 300 and 400mg/day every 28 days. Phase II eligibility included advanced NSCLC, ≤2 line prior therapy, PS 0-2, adequate organ function. The primary endpoint was to determine the median progression-free survival (PFS) (null hypothesis 3.5 months, alternative hypothesis 6.5 months). Results: Planned dose escalation was completed without reaching the MTD. The RP2D was gefitinib 250mg and vorinostat 400mg. Fifty-two patients were enrolled and treated in this study (43 in phase II). The median age was 59 years (range, 39 to 79 years), 30 were male, 48 had adenocarcinoma, 29 were never smokers, 31 had one prior regimen and 12 had two prior regimens; 21 had sensitive EGFR mutations, 3 had resistant exon 20 mutations and 5 had KRAS mutations. The most common adverse events were mild or moderate diarrhea, anorexia and anemia. In 43 assessable patients in phase II, there were 16 partial responses, 6 stable disease. The median PFS was 3.4 months; overall survival (OS) was 20.3 months. In patient harboring EGFR mutations, response rate (RR) was 88%, median PFS was 9.3 months and median OS was 22.6 months. Conclusions Gefitinib 250mg daily with biweekly vorinostat 400 mg/day was feasible and well tolerated. In unselected patient population, this combination dose not improved PFS compared with historical control of single gefitinib. However, in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, this combination may improve RR and survival compared with historical control of gefitinib in previously treated EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Citation Format: Ji-Youn Han, Soo Hyun Lee, Tak Yun, Young Jooo Lee, Kum Hui Hwang, Sunah Ryu, Heung Tae Kim, Jin Soo Lee. Phase I/II study of gefitinib in combination with vorinostat in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed on prior chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT342. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT342
Angiotensin II-induced mitogenesis of spontaneously hypertensive rat-derived cultured smooth muscle cells is dependent on autocrine production of transforming growth factor-beta.
Authors: G A Stouffer, G K Owens
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation after vascular injury, but the molecular mechanisms of this effect remain obscure. The aims of the present study were 1) to determine if Ang II was mitogenic (in a defined serum-free medium) for aortic smooth muscle cells derived from spontaneously hypertensive rats, either alone or in combination with epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor-BB; and 2) to determine if the Ang II effects were mediated by autocrine production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Results demonstrated that Ang II increased the proliferative response of smooth muscle cells to epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Ang II alone and in combination with basic fibroblast growth factor induced a small delayed increase (48-72 hours after treatment) in DNA synthesis and [3H]thymidine labeling indexes without an increase in cell number. Ang II effects were at least partially mediated by autocrine production of active TGF-beta in that 1) treatment with Ang II increased TGF-beta activity in conditioned media and 2) TGF-beta neutralizing antibody inhibited Ang II-induced increases in DNA synthesis. However, treatment with exogenous TGF-beta at concentrations induced by Ang II failed to elicit a mitogenic response, thus implicating other autocrine factors in mediation of Ang II effects. Results suggest a potential mechanism whereby Ang II might regulate smooth muscle cell mitogenesis after vascular injury.
Changing the Conversation About Brain Death
Authors: Robert D. Truog, Franklin G. Miller
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

AbstractWe seek to change the conversation about brain death by highlighting the distinction between brain death as a biological concept versus brain death as a legal status. The fact that brain death does not cohere with any biologically plausible definition of death has been known for decades. Nevertheless, this fact has not threatened the acceptance of brain death as a legal status that permits individuals to be treated as if they are dead. The similarities between “legally dead” and “legally blind” demonstrate how we may legitimately choose bright-line legal definitions that do not cohere with biological reality. Not only does this distinction bring conceptual coherence to the conversation about brain death, but it has practical implications as well. Once brain death is recognized as a social construction not grounded in biological reality, we create the possibility of changing the social construction in ways that may better serve both organ donors and recipients alike.Keywords: brain deathdead donor ruledefinition of deathhealth policyorgan donationorgan transplantation
Ablation of Gata1 in adult mice results in aplastic crisis, revealing its essential role in steady-state and stress erythropoiesis
Authors: Laura Gutiérrez, Saho Tsukamoto, Mikiko Suzuki, Harumi Yamamoto-Mukai, Masayuki Yamamoto, Sjaak Philipsen, Kinuko Ohneda
Journal: Blood (2008)
Impaired in vitro lymphocyte transformation in patients with ataxia-telangiectasis.
Authors: J. J. Oppenheim, M. Barlow, T. A. Waldmann, J. B. Block
Journal: BMJ (1966)

myxoedematous state there may be a metabolic defect resulting in poor tissue-oxygen uptake.It is unlikely that the exercise E.C.G. can be of help in determining whether a patient is liable to develop symptoms of cardiac ischaemia when treated for myxoedema.We would like to thank Professor C.