tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Variceal Bleeding and Portal Hypertension: Has There Been Any Progress in the Last 12 Months?
Authors: S. Seewald, G. Mendoza, U. Seitz, O. Salem, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

A review of the literature on the management of esophagogastric varices published in the last 12 months shows that the data are still quite conflicting. In the primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, beta-blockers are still the mainstay of pharmacotherapy. Measurement of the hepatic portal venous pressure gradient is considered to be a reliable parameter for successful reduction of portal pressure using medical therapy. However, intolerance of propranolol requiring discontinuation of therapy has been observed in approximately 30 % of patients. Patients' compliance with medication may represent another drawback of medical therapy. The role of endoscopic band ligation in secondary prophylaxis is now indisputable, especially in comparison with sclerotherapy. In the primary prevention of variceal bleeding, band ligation is beginning to have a competitive edge over pharmacological therapy. Acute variceal bleeding is no longer a frequent morbid emergency. Most cases of bleeding can now be managed successfully with band ligation and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate obliteration. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate has come into increasingly widespread use in the treatment of bleeding gastric fundal varices in which surgery or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting were previously regarded as the preferred therapies.
Abstract 349: Molecular pathogenesis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Authors: Yutaka Maeda, Jeffrey Whitsett
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Human mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung is a subtype of highly invasive pulmonary tumors and is associated with decreased or absent expression of the respiratory epithelium transcription factor NKX2-1 (NK2 homeobox 1, also known as TTF-1). Here, we show that haploinsufficiency of Nkx2-1 in combination with oncogenic Kras.G12D (hereafter; Kras.G12D;Nkx2-1+/-), but not with oncogenic EGFR.L858R, causes pulmonary tumors in transgenic mice that are phenotypically similar to human mucinous adenocarcinomas. Expression of both CK7 and CK20, biomarkers for human mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung, were confirmed in lungs of the Kras.G12D;Nkx2-1+/- mice. Expression of mucins, such as MUC5AC, and mucin/metastasis-related protein AGR2 was observed in tumorigenic mucous cells in the Kras.G12D;Nkx2-1+/- mice as well as non-tumorigenic airway mucous cells induced by allergen; however, mucous cell master regulators, such as SPDEF and FOXA3, were seen only in the non-tumorigenic airway mucous cells but not in the tumorigenic mucous cells, indicating a distinct mucous gene regulation in the tumorigenic mucous cells. NKX2-1 cell-autonomously inhibited mRNA expression of MUC5AC and AGR2 in A549 human lung carcinoma cells that harbor a KRAS mutation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis identified a direct association of NKX2-1 with the promoter and intron of MUC5AC and AGR2 genes in A549 cells, indicating that NKX2-1 functions as a transcriptional repressor for the mucous gene expression. The ChIP-seq analysis further revealed that NKX2-1 associated with the AP-1 binding element (TGAnTCA) as well as the canonical NKX2-1 binding element (CTTG). NKX2-1 inhibited AP-1-mediated activity and tumor colony formation in vitro, suggesting that NKX2-1 suppresses mutant KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in part by inhibiting AP-1 activity. These results demonstrate that NKX2-1 suppresses mutant KRAS-driven mucinous pulmonary adenocarcinoma in part by directly inhibiting expression of genes induced in mucinous tumors. Citation Format: Yutaka Maeda, Jeffrey Whitsett. Molecular pathogenesis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 349. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-349
Leucocytoclastic vasculitis, hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia with biclonal gammopathy and Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia
Authors: S.B. Alvarez-Ruiz, I. Garcia-Rio, M. Aragues, J. Fraga, J. Locertales Pueyo, J. Fernandez-Herrera, A. Garcia-Diez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Leucocytoclastic vasculitis, hepatitis C virus‐associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia with biclonal gammopathy and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia Get access S.B. Álvarez‐Ruiz, S.B. Álvarez‐Ruiz Departments of Dermatology, Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. García‐Río, I. García‐Río Departments of Dermatology, Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Aragüés, M. Aragüés Departments of Dermatology, Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Fraga, J. Fraga Departments of Dermatology, Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Locertales Pueyo, J. Locertales Pueyo Haematology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain E‐mail: saralvarez@aedv.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Fernández‐Herrera, J. Fernández‐Herrera Departments of Dermatology, Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. García‐Díez A. García‐Díez Departments of Dermatology, Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 4, 1 October 2004, Pages 937–939, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06207.x Published: 01 October 2004
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: An Underappreciated Cause of Geriatric Lung Disease: To the Editor
Authors: Jerome M. Reich, Richard E. Johnson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: An Underappreciated Cause of Geriatric Lung Disease: To the Editor." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 151(3_pt_1), p. 922
Oral administration of a chymotrypsin-labile peptide--a new test of exocrine pancreatic function in man (PFT).
Authors: K Gyr, G A Stalder, I Schiffmann, C Fehr, D Vonderschmitt, H Fahrlaender
Journal: Gut (1976)

One gram N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl PABA was orally administered to 24 controls, 15 patients with chronic exocrine pancreatic disease, 13 patients after an attack of acute pancreatitis, two patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and 10 patients with biliary tract disease, peptic ulcer, or other pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. In the presence of chymotrypsin, PABA is split from the peptide and excreted in the urine. The amount of PABA excreted serves as a parameter of exocrine pancreatic function. In 51 patients, exocrine pancreatic secretion was also assessed by the Lundh test. In the control group a mean of 59-6 +/- 12-2% (mean +/- 2 SD) of the peptide-PABA was excreted over a period of six hours. PABA excretion in exocrine pancreatic deficiency was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than in controls. With one exception no overlap of data was noted. In the group with exocrine pancreatic deficiency, a significant relationship was shown between the PFT and the Lundh test. Reproducibility in duplicate test was excellent. The present data justify further investigations of this procedure as a possible new oral test of exocrine pancreatic function.
Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured
Authors: Robert Frankford
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Bronow et al<sup>1</sup>justify their complex proposal for health care reform on the basis of their perception of the Canadian system. Their views of the Canadian situation, particularly in relation to the largest province, Ontario, are selective and have been overtaken by changes in the past year. It is no longer the case that relations between the Ontario Medical Association (OMA) and the government are at an all-time low. In September a majority, left-of-center New Democratic government was elected. In May 1991, an agreement was finalized establishing payment mechanisms, a joint committee to manage the health care system, and sole bargaining rights to the OMA. Bronow et al acknowledge that the Ontario system is already cheaper, more comprehensive, less bureaucratic, and has lower administrative costs than that in the United States. These strengths exist despite some past intrinsic weaknesses, which include a lack of rational
Radionuclide angiocardiography. Improved diagnosis and quantitation of left-to-right shunts using area ratio techniques in children.
Authors: P O Alderson, R G Jost, A W Strauss, S Boonvisut, J Markham
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A comparison of several reported methods for detection and quantitation of left-to-right shunts by radionuclides was performed in 50 children. Count ratio (C2/C1) techniques were compared with the exponential extrapolation and gamma function area ratio techniques. C2/C1 ratios accurately detected shunts and could reliably separate shunts from normals, but there was a high rate of false positives in children with valvular heart disease. The area ratio methods provided more accurate shunt quantitation and a better separation of patients with valvular heart disease than did the C2/C1 ratio. The gamma function method showed a higher correlation with oximetry than the exponential method, but the difference was not statistically significant. For accurate shunt quantitation and a reliable separation of patients with valvular heart disease from those with shunts, area ratio calculations are preferable to the C2/C1 ratio.
ALBUMIN AND GLOBULIN CIRCULATION IN EXPERIMENTAL ASCITES
Authors: F. W. McKee, C. L. Yuile, B. G. Lamson, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Plasma containing carbon(14)-labeled albumin and globulin, obtained by feeding epsilon-C(14)D,L.-lysine to a donor dog, has been injected intravenously and intraperitoneally into recipient dogs with experimental ascites. The circulation and interchange of total plasma protein between circulating blood and ascitic fluid have been confirmed and the participation of both albumin and globulin in this interchange has been demonstrated. Labeled albumin tends to reach equilibrium in plasma and ascitic fluid in a shorter period of time (1 to 2 days) than does globulin (2 or more days), after administration of labeled plasma by either route. Evidence is presented that the rate of transfer of albumin across the peritoneal membrane is at least three times faster than that of globulin in terms of weight.
ACUTE EFFECT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR APICAL PACING ON LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Junmin Xie, Fang Fang, Qing Zhang, Gabriel Wai-Kwok Yip, Joseph Yat-Sun Chan, John E. Sanderson, Jeffrey Wing-Hong Fung, Bryan P. Yan, Cheuk-Man Yu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Hepatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging: New Techniques and Contrast Agents
Authors: A.-E. Mahfouz, B. Hamm, M. Taupitz
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a relatively new method of examining the liver. Attempts have been made to optimize the method by developing new imaging techniques and introducing new contrast agents. The new imaging techniques have improved the image quality by shortening the examination time, reducing motion artifacts, and improving contrast-to-noise ratio. Contrast agents have improved the diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions in MR imaging in several ways. Extracellular gadolinium chelates have significantly improved the characterization of lesions, and can be optimally used as a problem-solving method for differentiating focal lesions of an unknown nature that have already been detected by other imaging modalities or by unenhanced MR imaging. Hepatobiliary and macrophage monocytic phagocytic system (MMPS)-targeted contrast agents have improved the detection of hepatic lesions. These agents are best used for preoperative evaluation of the exact number of lesions in patients with primary or secondary hepatic neoplasms.
European Commission berates drug industry for delays in access to generics
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A combination of illegal business practices and regulatory obstacles is delaying the arrival of generic drugs and novel drugs onto the market, concludes an 18 month investigation of the drug industry by the European Commission.

Taking a sample of drugs that faced losing their exclusivity between 2000 and 2007 in 17 European Union countries, the inquiry found that the public had to wait more than seven months after patents had expired before cheaper generic products became available.

Announcing the findings, Neelie Kroes, the EU’s competition commissioner, called for “more competition and less red tape” …
Physicians and Dentists Tell the CDC: 'Avoid Quick Fix for a Tough Problem'
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

TESTIMONY from medical, dental, public health, labor, and advocacy groups, presented at a recent meeting to discuss the risk of physicians and dentists infecting their patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), overwhelmingly stressed the minuscule risk of the type of transmission that prompted two professional societies to call for fundamental practice changes. With the exception of representatives of the American Medical Association (AMA) and American Dental Association (ADA), and a Florida physician connected with the first dental patient to be infected, none of the speakers said their groups believed the proposed restrictions on practice to be necessary or useful. All found them to be misguided for a number of reasons. After hearing from nearly 100 speakers during the 2-day open meeting, the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) director William F. Roper, MD, MPH, acknowledged that he had "not heard many people speak in favor of routine or mandatory testing"
The Disk-Tine Tuberculin Test
Authors: Sol Roy Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE UNITED STATES Public Health Service and the National Tuberculosis Association invited a group of national leaders in several phases of public health and tuberculosis control to meet at Arden House in Harriman, N.Y., from Nov. 29 to Dec. 2, 1959, for a stock-taking and future-planning of tuberculosis control in the United States.<sup>1</sup> One of the recommendations of the conference was to find a new tuberculin skin test which would be simple and accurate, and could be applied and read by nonmedical personnel. The patch and Heaf tests were considered by the conference as not meeting the above major requirements. The Mantoux test was considered efficient and reliable, but having many drawbacks, such as its requirement of a needle which presents an emotional problem and makes it necessary for a physician and nurse to test and read. <h3>Disk-Tine Test</h3> The new test here reported is offered to meet
Possible False-Positive Metastatic Prostate Cancer on an In-111 Capromab Pendetide Scan as a Result of a Pelvic Kidney
Authors: SARAVANAN VALLIAPPAN, JUDITH M. JOYCE, DANIEL T. MYERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 61-year-old man who had a radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate 8 months before now had a Gleason score of 9 and a prostate-specific antigen level that had increased to 0.6 since the surgery. An In-111 capromab pendetide scan was ordered to determine the presence and extent of disease. SPECT images of the pelvis showed asymmetric uptake in the left posterior pelvis suggestive of metastatic disease in the left internal iliac nodes. Correlation with the preoperative CT images revealed a low-lying pelvic kidney in this location, which explained this worrisome appearance.
Crepitant Cellulitis and Myonecrosis Caused by Klebsiella
Authors: Richard A. DiGioia
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A fatal case of crepitant cellulitis with myonecrosis, the first caused by<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, is reported. The infection started in the left thigh but progressed rapidly despite appropriate antibiotics and surgery, which included incision and drainage and later a left-hip disarticulation. This case emphasizes that nonclostridial crepitant cellulitis is potentially severe and that the presence of myonecrosis is an indication for early radical surgery. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2097-2098, 1977)
An ENU-induced mutant archive for gene targeting in rats
Authors: Tomoji Mashimo, Katsuhiko Yanagihara, Satoko Tokuda, Birger Voigt, Akiko Takizawa, Reiko Nakajima, Megumi Kato, Masumi Hirabayashi, Takashi Kuramoto, Tadao Serikawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Review of published studies on gut penetration by ingested asbestos fibers.
Authors: P M Cook
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

During the 1970s, potential health risks associated with exposure to asbestos in drinking water became a national concern. One of the key questions that arose from debate over whether ingestion of mineral fibers could result in increased gastrointestinal cancer risk was whether fibers can penetrate the gastrointestinal mucosa and thus have some chance of residing in tissue. It is likely that such movement of a large number of fibers is a necessary precursor for carcinogenesis following ingestion of asbestos. Studies of the potential for fiber accumulation in tissues and body fluids following introduction of asbestos to the alimentary canal have provided seemingly contradictory observations. This review, which places particular emphasis on the impact of experimental and analytical limitations on the evidential strengths of each study, indicates the likelihood that a very small fraction of ingested microscopic asbestos fibers penetrates the gastrointestinal mucosa. A reliable estimate of the magnitude of long-term fiber retention in tissues as a consequence of chronic human ingestion of asbestos cannot be made at this time.
Angioedema Induced by the Angiotensin II Blocker Losartan
Authors: Christopher G. Acker, Arthur Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Losartan (Cozaar, Merck) is a new, orally effective blocker of the angiotensin II receptor. The currently available angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the degradati...
Bradykinin improves postischaemic recovery in the rat heart: role of high energy phosphates, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin
Authors: P. Zhu, C. E Zaugg, D. Simper, P. Hornstein, P. R Allegrini, P. T Buser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to define: (1) whether bradykinin administration during reperfusion improves postischaemic myocardial recovery; (2) whether high energy phosphate compounds are involved in the protective effects of bradykinin; and (3) whether bradykinin-induced release of prostacyclin and nitric oxide mediate the protective effects of bradykinin.In the Langendorff rat heart preparation, coronary flow, left ventricular developed pressure, and, using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the high energy phosphate compounds phosphocreatine and beta-ATP were assessed during 15 min of global ischaemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Administration of 10(-7) M bradykinin was started before ischaemia and maintained throughout the experiment (BK-pre). This was compared to 10(-7) M bradykinin given exclusively with reperfusion (BK-post). Then 10(-7) M bradykinin was given simultaneously with 10(-4) M N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (BK-LNAME) or 10(-5) M indomethacin (BK-indo).In comparison to control hearts, BK-pre exerted a significant protective effect on the postischaemic recovery of coronary flow [71(5)% v 43(4)%, P < 0.05], left ventricular pressure [81(8)% v 42(5)%, P < 0.05], phosphocreatine [105(4)% v 67(8)%, P < 0.05], and beta-ATP [78(9)% v 48(7)%, P < 0.05]. With BK-post, recovery of coronary flow [71(4)% v 43(4)%, P < 0.05] and left ventricular pressure [78(4)% v 42(5)%, P < 0.05] significantly improved; however the recovery of phosphocreatine [70(4)% v 67(8)%, NS] and beta-ATP [58(2)% v 48(7)%, NS] was not different from control. When bradykinin and L-NAME or indomethacin was given the beneficial effects of bradykinin on ischaemic hearts were abolished.(1) Bradykinin improved postischaemic myocardial recovery when given before ischaemia or starting exclusively with reperfusion; (2) this was only partially related to a protective action on the high energy phosphate compounds during ischaemia; (3) the beneficial effects of bradykinin on ischaemic hearts are dependent from an unrestrained action of prostacyclin and nitric oxide.
Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Use by Athletes
Authors: John B. Hallagan, Luanne F. Hallagan, Michael B. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

PUBLIC attention was focused on the use of anabolic–androgenic steroids by the disqualification of Ben Johnson, winner of the gold medal for the 100-meter dash in the 1988 Olympic Games. Johnson recently acknowledged that he took anabolic–androgenic steroids regularly as part of his training regimen.1 As a result, his world record for the 100-meter dash was recently disallowed by the International Amateur Athletic Federation.2 The action is unusual because Johnson's record was revoked solely on the basis of his statement; he passed the drug test that was administered immediately after the race. Johnson's case, and other reports3 of anabolic–androgenic steroid . . .