tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary function testing in small laboratory mammals.
Authors: J J O'Neil, J A Raub
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The lung is the primary organ likely to be exposed by inhalation studies and, therefore, measurement of changes in lung function are of particular interest to the pulmonary physiologist and toxicologist. Tests of pulmonary function have been developed which can be used with small animals to measure spirometry (lung volumes), mechanics, distribution of ventilation, gas exchange or control of ventilation. These tests were designed on the basis of similar tests which are used in humans to diagnose and manage patients with lung disease. A major difference is that many of the measurements are performed in anesthetized animals, while human pulmonary function is usually measured in awake cooperating individuals. In addition, the measurement of respiratory events in small animals requires sensitive and rapidly responding equipment, because signals may be small and events can occur quickly. In general, the measurements described provide information on the change in normal lung function which results primarily from structural changes. These tests of pulmonary function can be repetitively and routinely accomplished and the results appear to be highly reproducible. Although some are quite sophisticated, many can be undertaken with relatively inexpensive equipment and provide useful information for toxicological testing.
Family Matters in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Jennifer L. Wolff
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CCL3L1 and CCR5 influence cell-mediated immunity and affect HIV-AIDS pathogenesis via viral entry-independent mechanisms
Authors: Matthew J Dolan, Hemant Kulkarni, Jose F Camargo, Weijing He, Alison Smith, Juan-Manuel Anaya, Toshiyuki Miura, Frederick M Hecht, Manju Mamtani, Florencia Pereyra, Vincent Marconi, Andrea Mangano, Luisa Sen, Rosa Bologna, Robert A Clark, Stephanie A Anderson, Judith Delmar, Robert J O'Connell, Andrew Lloyd, Jeffrey Martin, Seema S Ahuja, Brian K Agan, Bruce D Walker, Steven G Deeks, Sunil K Ahuja
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
SEGMENTAL CEREBRAL MONOPLEGIA OF VASCULAR ORIGIN
Authors: GEORGE WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The development of a paralysis of an extremity or part of an extremity presents a problem in diagnosis and,<i>ipso facto</i>, in treatment that is difficult and one in which error is likely to occur. Among the organic causes that may produce this type of paralysis are lesions of the peripheral nerves, of the vascular apparatus of an extremity, the anterior roots and horns of the spinal cord, and of the cerebrum. Hysterical segmental monoplegia is frequently seen, and the monoplegias of organic origin are often thought to be functional in type. After one has excluded by careful history and examination all lesions capable of producing monoplegia except a cerebral one, the question arises, What is the nature and location of the lesion? In the vast majority of cases, the site of the injury is in the motor cortex, and the exact area of the cortex involved will depend on
Unusual Scan Presentations of Splenic Vasculature Occlusion by Tumor
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, PHILIP M. JOHNSON, JOHN J. SZIKLAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Two men, with abdominal tumors compromising splenic blood vessels, had unusual scan findings. The first showed, on 99mTc-sulfur colloid images, multiple hepatic defects as well as decreased radiocolloid accumulation in the lower two thirds of the spleen. The patient had pancreatic carcinoma with hepatic metastases. Tumor obstruction of the splenic artery, with splenic infarcts was present. The second patient showed an enlarged liver and several intrahepatic filling defects. The spleen was not visualized. This functional asplenia was due to splenic vein obstruction by a gastric carcinoma; there were no splenic metastases. Splenic vasculature involvement by tumor can cause findings on splenic images which may be difficult to interpret.
Senior managers resign over conflict with doctors
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Senior managers at a leading Amsterdam university hospital have resigned after failing to resolve a longstanding conflict between specialist medical staff that, government inspectors believe, could endanger patients’ safety.

The resignations of two thirds of the Amsterdam’s Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center board—chairman Elmer Mulder and member Wouter van Ewijk—came within days of the Netherlands investigative radio programme Argos reporting that, contrary to the hospital’s claims of harmony, there was still a “hell of a row.”1

The programme revealed documents including a “conflict analysis report” written in May suggesting a serious clash between pulmonary surgeons on one side, and intensive …
Interobserver agreement and accuracy among international experts with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in predicting colorectal neoplasia
Authors: V. Gómez, A. Buchner, E. Dekker, F. van den Broek, A. Meining, M. Shahid, M. Ghabril, P. Fockens, M. Heckman, M. Wallace
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de V. Gómez et al., pp. 286Endoscopy 2010; 42(04): 349-349DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291844
No bypass of clinical trial for EC/IC neurosurgery
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Nearly 15 years ago, the first two recorded human extracranial/intracranial (EC/IC) arterial bypasses were performed 24 hours apart on opposite sides of the Atlantic by the operation's two developers. Now patient enrollment (1,500 patients) had been completed for an international study of the operation's effectiveness in reducing stroke incidence. Sixty-five centers in North America, Europe, and Asia are involved, and funding comes from the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS), Bethesda, Md. The bypass procedure involves anastomosis of the superficial temporal scalp artery to the middle cerebral artery through a skull opening to supplement the brain's blood supply. According to S. J. Peerless, MD, professor and chairman, neurosurgery division, University of Western Ontario Faculty of Medicine, London, Canada, the study is trying to determine if a group of patients who appear to be at risk of a disabling or lethal ischemic stroke have a better prognosis
Relation between ventricular DNA content and number of myocytes and non-myocytes in hearts of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: A. v. d. LAARSE, C. H F B. v. TRESLONG, H. W VLIEGEN, L. RICCIARDI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Myocardial DNA concentration and ventricular weight were measured in the hearts of normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats varying in age from 1 day to 1 year and the ventricular DNA content calculated. A linear relation between ventricular DNA content and ventricular weight was observed in both rat strains. This linear relation was deduced theoretically, assuming that the number of ventricular non-myocytes per heart was proportional to ventricular weight and that the number of ventricular myocytes per heart was constant after the first postnatal week. The fit with experimental data produced values of the number of ventricular myocytes (42.5 × 106) and non-myocytes (199 × 106 per gram of ventricular tissue) in normal rat heart. Using published data on ventricular volume occupied by myocytes (80%) and myocardial specific density (1.06 g·ml−1), the mean(SD) volume of individual myocytes could be calculated (17758(2632) multiplied by ventricular weight, expressed in μm3·g). The values obtained compared well with experimental observations reported in the present study (18504(131) μm3·g) and in other studies. Hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats had lower numbers of myocytes (37.4 × 106) and non-myocytes (180 × 106 per gram) per heart than normal hearts with identical ventricular weights. Hearts of normal 2 month old rats that were made hypertrophic by various means were identical to non-hypertrophic hearts of normal older rats with identical ventricular weights in relation to the number of ventricular myocytes and non-myocytes per heart. It is concluded that ventricular hypertrophy induced in young adult rats might be regarded as normal growth occurring at an accelerated rate.
Richard William Porter
Authors: Daniel Porter
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Former professor of surgery Aberdeen (b 1935; q Edinburgh 1958; FRCS, FRCS Ed, MD), d 20 July 2005.

The first Sir Harry Platt professor of orthopaedic surgery at Aberdeen University, Richard Porter was a highly influential spinal surgeon, with widespread interests beyond. His major research interests were in spine and osteoporosis research, and he developed commercial machines to measure osteoporosis in old people and pioneered new ways of treating club foot in children. His theories on the causes of scoliosis are receiving increasing acceptance. Richard was the subject of three television programmes, including the BBC documentary Your Life in their Hands. A Methodist preacher, in his final years he supported hundreds of Iranian and Afghan asylum seekers. He leaves a wife, Christine; four sons; and 11 grandchildren.
Abstract 4066: Early assessment of the XL184 treatment by Diffusion-Weighted MRI in metastatic prostate cancer to the bone murine model
Authors: Jean-Christophe Brisset, Benjamin Hoff, Stefanie Galban, Benjamin Lemasson, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Craig Galban, Brian Dale Ross
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ninety percent of patients with advanced prostate cancer develop metastases to the bone1. At present, there is no definitive means for assessing response to therapy, with RECIST identifying tumors in the bone as “unmeasureable”. Cabozantinib (XL184) is an oral small molecular pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor of primarily MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). MET is known to play key roles in cellular proliferation, migration and invasion, which contribute to the survival and metastasis of cancer cells. XL184 is already in Phase 2 trials to evaluate the therapeutic benefit on castration-resistant prostate cancer metastatic to the bone. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is highly sensitive to microscopic changes in tumor tissue. Our goal was to evaluate DW-MRI for detection and quantification of changes in tumor tissue following one-week XL184 treatment. MR experiments were performed on a 9.4T MRI. Human prostate cancer (PC3) cells were implanted by direct intra-tibial injection into male SCID mice, which serves as a model for prostate bone metastases2. Upon measuring tumor volume of ∼10mm3 on anatomical scans, mice were distributed into 2 groups: XL184 at 30 mg/kg (N=7) and vehicle (N=5). Treatments were delivered by oral gavage once a day for 7 days. DW-MRI was performed at days 0 (pre-treatment), 1, 4, 7, 11, 14 and twice a week after. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated analytically from DW-MR images acquired at b-value 120 and 1200 s/mm2. End point of the study was when tumor volume reached 5x the initial measure. Unpaired Student t-test was performed to compare MRI metrics. XL184 treated mice had smaller tumor volume growth rate than control mice. Significant differences in tumor volume were not observed until 14 days post-treatment initiation (p&amp;lt;0.05). In contrast, significantly higher ADC values (p&amp;lt;0.0.5) for the treated group compared to control were observed at day 7. These results demonstrate the use of DW-MRI as a early biomarker of tumor response to XL184 in a metastatic prostate cancer tumor model. DW-MRI may serve as a surrogate endpoint for assessing patient response to treatment in clinical trials. References: 1. Carlin BI et al. Cancer. 2000;88(12):2989-2994. 2. Lee KC et al. Cancer Res. 2007;67(8):3524-3528. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4066. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4066
Participation of Community Hospitals in Clinical Trials
Authors: Colin B. Begg, Paul P. Carbone, Paul J. Elson, Marvin Zelen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) initiated a program in 1976 to involve community hospitals in multi-institutional clinical trials. The community hospitals can be characterized as generally having no tradition of participating in clinical trials of cancer therapy, whereas the ECOG member institutions are university hospitals or major treatment centers. More than 100 community hospitals participated in 97 randomized trials involving 4506 patients from November 1976 through February 1981. Comparisons between the community hospitals and the ECOG member institutions indicate that the quality of participation was similar, as measured by rates of ineligibility, compliance with the protocol, and submission of data. Objective measures of outcome, such as survival, response, and toxicity, were also comparable. We conclude that under the mechanism adopted by the ECOG, it is possible to include community hospitals in clinical trials of cancer therapy without reducing the quality of the data or compromising the therapeutic outcomes.
Potential Hazards of Mammography
Authors: Carl D. Atkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

begin to separate immediately, favoring the group that had surgery with negative margins.Given the doubling time of breast cancer cells, it would take several years for a small number of metastatic cells to grow into a clinically apparent tumor.We therefore conclude that the difference in survival must be attributable to another mechanism that takes effect immediately after surgery.Alternative hypotheses might include endocrine or cytokine-mediated effects that ultimately modify the behavior of the tumor cells in the metastatic sites.It is possible that at least some of the difference in survival is due to confounding factors.For one thing, the authors did report that 28 patients died within 30 days of diagnosis-these patients presumably would have been too sick to have surgery or died before they had the chance.When these patients are excluded, the survival benefit for the surgery group is no longer statistically significant.Although the authors did adjust for many potential confounders, there may be other significant variables, such as comorbidities.Despite the inherent limitations of this study, the apparent improvement in survival for the patients with bone-only metastasis is undoubtedly impressive, and worthy of further investigation.
Recruitment of Endophilin to Clathrin-Coated Pit Necks Is Required for Efficient Vesicle Uncoating after Fission
Authors: Ira Milosevic, Silvia Giovedi, Xuelin Lou, Andrea Raimondi, Chiara Collesi, Hongying Shen, Summer Paradise, Eileen O'Toole, Shawn Ferguson, Ottavio Cremona, Pietro De Camilli
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Reporting of Time-to-Event End Points and Tracking of Failures in Randomized Trials of Radiotherapy With or Without Any Concomitant Anticancer Agent for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Christophe Le Tourneau, Stefan Michiels, Hui K. Gan, Lillian L. Siu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose For multiple reasons, including complexities in anatomy and management, locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHNs) represent a challenging disease for the reporting of end points and the tracking of failures. Methods We retrieved all randomized trials published in English that began accrual on or after 1978 and enrolled previously untreated patients with nonmetastatic SCCHN receiving primary radiotherapy with or without any concomitant anticancer agent. The reporting of time-to-event end points and the tracking of failures in these trials were analyzed. Failures were defined as events meeting a prespecified end point definition. Results Forty trials involving a total of 125 time-to-event end points were identified. A total of 17 different types of end points were reported. Locoregional control and overall survival accounted for 70% of primary end points. Except for survival, the definitions used for all other end points were heterogeneous. Among 72 end points tracking locoregional failures, 29% did not define the term, whereas 64% specified the absence of complete response as a failure. Overall, the specification of details related to elective neck dissection or salvage surgery to define locoregional failures was deficient. Furthermore, it was rarely stated whether residual disease found during these procedures represents a failure. The methods and timing specifications to assess failures were frequently missing in published reports. The tracking of other types of failure beyond the first failure was reported in only one trial. Conclusion These results support the need to standardize the selection, definition, and reporting of time-to-event end points in clinical trials of locally advanced SCCHN.
Explosion Hazard of Intragastric Anesthetic Mixtures
Authors: Philip Dudley Woodbridge
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article on "Explosion Hazard of Intragastric Anesthetic Mixtures" by deNava and McDermott inThe Journal, Dec. 17, 1960, page 2023, leaves out important information and states unjustified conclusions. The word "explosion" is used, but no explosion is mentioned in the reference to the clinical case or in the description of the animal experiments; the words used are "ignition" and "flammable." We need to know what volatile anesthetic agents were used, the circumstances of ignition, the possible sources of ignition, and the amount and character of damage, if any. No description is given of the flame into which the gases, withdrawn from the animals' stomachs, were expelled from the syringe. A patient's bedclothes would burn under such circumstances, or his newpaper, or, at times, gas emitted rectally. According to the report, the gases aspirated from the animals' stomachs were tested for flammability, not explosibility. The authors showed
A Decade after Alma Ata
Authors: Lincoln C. Chen, Richard A. Cash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Health care in Ethiopia, as described in this issue by Hodes and Kloos, presents a disturbing case of stagnation during what has probably been the most active decade of this century in international health.1 The 1978 Alma Ata conference sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF declared a historic consensus on the promotion of primary health care and named as its goal the achievement of health for all by the year 2000.2 Universal health would be attained by focusing priorities on the most appropriate interventions for the most common health problems in the communities of greatest need.In . . .
Pericarditis with Massive Effusion Due to Histoplasmosis
Authors: D. G. Gregoriades
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE MEDICAL literature on histoplasmosis has greatly increased in the past 10 years. Many cases have been reported of both the systemic and localized forms of the disease, adequately demonstrating that the organism<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>produces pathological processes which can mimic many other diseases. No case has been reported with special localization and involvement of the pericardium resulting in pericarditis with massive effusion from which the etiological agent<i>H. capsulatum</i>has been cultured. We have surveyed the literature as thoroughly as possible and, in addition to this, have asked the librarian of the American Medical Association to review their extensive literature; they, too, were unable to find any material on this subject. The following statement regarding histoplasmosis is taken from a recent book,<i>Acute Pericarditis</i>:<sup>1</sup> "In view of the great incidence of at least subclinical histoplasmosis, it is not surprising that evidence exists for pericardial involvement in this systemic
THE GARDNER BEHAVIOR CHART
Authors: PAUL H. WILCOX
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

The Gardner behavior chart is a rating scale consisting of 15 categories, each of which is subdivided into a five point scale. It was developed directly out of work with psychotic patients at the Gardner State Hospital and is designed to be scored from time to time by the nurses in charge of a patient in order to give the psychiatrist a condensed objective record of the patient's behavior on the ward. It is not intended to take the place of the psychiatric interview, which is the psychiatrist's special responsibility. Only those categories which can be easily observed by the nurses have been scaled. The nurses are encouraged to supplement the numerical scores with comments. The nurses' understanding of the patients' problems is improved as the result of their scoring of the patients.