tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Bennett E. Ojserkis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 November 1991Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismBennett E. Ojserkis, MDBennett E. Ojserkis, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-10-833_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: As a pulmonologist in a community hospital, it was refreshing to see that the algorithm described by Kelley and associates (1) matched our method of evaluating patients with suspected thromboembolic disease. We are often frustrated because radiologists in our community are frequently more enamored than are we of the reliability of "low probability" lung scans. In our community hospitals, Doppler ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities is more widely available than are plethysmographic studies.I solicit the authors' opinion on several topics. First, does the current evidence support a role for Doppler ultrasound with compression...Reference1. KelleyCarsonPalevskySchwartz MJHJ. Diagnosing pulmonary embolism: new facts and strategies. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:300-6. LinkGoogle Scholar1. KelleyCorsonPalevskySchwartz MJHJ. Diagnosing pulmonary embolism: new facts and strategies. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:300-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HullRaskobLeClercJayHirsh RGJRJ. The diagnosis of clinically suspected venous thrombosis. Clinics in Chest Medicine. 1984;5:3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BeckerPhilbrickAbbitt DJP. Real-time ultrasonography for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:1731-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DalenBanasBrooksEvansParaskosDexter JJHGJL. Resolution rate of acute pulmonary embolism in man. N Engl J Med. 1969;280:1194-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TowWagner DH. Recovery of pulmonary arterial blood flow in patients with pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 1969;276:1053-9. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bennett E. Ojserkis, MDAffiliations: Atlantic Shore Pulmonary Associates, P.A. Linwood, NJ 08221 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1991Volume 115, Issue 10Page: 833-834KeywordsAlgorithmsLungsPulmonary diseasesPulmonary embolismRadiologistsUltrasound imagingVeins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 November 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fluid therapy during surgery
Authors: R. J. Knight
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MzDIwSUNL 303time in a population of women.The pre- valence rates determined in this study are based on the first cytological examinations done on the women attending the Planned Parenthood clinics.This, however, may well not be the first cytological examination these women have ever had, and it is not at all unlikely that the study and control groups differ in their prior cytology experience before cytological examinations were introduced in the Planned Parenthood clinics.Carcinoma in situ prevalence rates build up rapidly in women through their twenties, continue at a high plateau through their thirties into their forties, and then decline.Carcinoma in situ incidence rates, on the other hand, peak in the 25-29 year age groups and decline thereafter.The age specific prevalence and incidence rates, for carcinoma in situ per 1,000 women to age 50, and their ratios, determined for British Columbia are as in the Table above.Prior cytology will have a considerable effect on the initial cytological findings at the
CABOZANTINIB IS EFFECTIVE IN A SUBSET OF XENOGRAFT GBM TUMORS AND AFFECTS MULTIPLE SIGNALING PATHWAYS
Authors: T. Mikkelsen, A. C. deCarvalho, K. Arnold, C. Mueller, E. F. Petricoin, L. M. Poisson, S. Irtenkauf, L. Hasselbach
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: (blind field). METHODS: Neurospheres enriched in CSCs were cultured from resected GBM tumors. Sensitivity to cabozantinib was determined in vitro. Cells were treated (IC40) in triplicate, and cell lysates were analyzed by reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPAs). GBM CSCs were implanted intracranially into nude mice. Cabozantinib was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 4 weeks (5 days/week) as a single agent or in combination with 40 mg/kg TMZ. Tumor growth and response to treatment were monitored by non-invasive in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) using the Xenogen IVIS System (Caliper Life Sciences), and overall survival. RESULTS: Sensitivity to cabozantinib treatment varied for the different GBM CSCs. From 70 proteins and phosphoproteins measured, 29 distributed among several signaling pathways were significantly altered after treatment in both resistant and sensitive GBM CSCs, including Met, Ret, AKT, MAPK/ERK. Cabozantinib single agent treatment reduced GBM tumor growth and increased mouse survival in two xenograft lines. Cabozantinib monotherapy reduced tumor size, as measured by BLI, but had no significant effect on overall survival for another xenograft line, however, the combination treatment resulted in sensitization of these xenografts to TMZ treatment. RPPA confirmed downregulation of the described targets for XL184, including activated Met, VEGFR2 and Ret (in vitro). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the clinical experience, both sensitive and resistant GBMs are represented in our CSC xenografts. More extensive evaluation will likely identify baseline biomarkers which might be valuable in identifying potentially sensitive sub-populations for subsequent clinical trials. RPPA and next-gen sequencing (NGS) on terminal tumors is underway. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Tumor Biology.
Merkel cells in neurofibromas and neurilemomas
Authors: G.T. NAHASS, N.S. PENNEYS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Merkel cells are an integral component of the cutaneous nervous system. They are commonly associated with dermal nerves under normal physiological conditions. We postulated that Merkel cells may be present in increased numbers within the epidermis overlying benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours such as neurilemomas and neurofibromas. Paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens from 21 patients with neurilemomas and 26 with neurofibromas, were analysed for the presence of Merkel cells using a standard immunohistochemical assay (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex system) with an antibody to cytokeratin 8 (CAM 5.2). Ten cases of leiomyomas were examined as controls. Merkel cells were identified in the interfollicular area of the basal cell layer overlying 14 of 21 (67%) neurilemomas and nine of 26 (35%) neurofibromas. Merkel cells were more frequently observed in increased numbers in a linear array within the basal cell layer in neurilemomas than in neurofibromas, where they were found as individual cells. No Merkel cells were found in the epidermis overlying leiomyomas. The results of this study suggest that Merkel cells are quantitatively increased in the basal cell layer of the epidermis overlying benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours, particularly neurilemomas.
Fetal Hemoglobin and Female Sex Hormones
Authors: Alton I. Sutnick
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Red cells containing abnormal hemoglobin variants have a shortened survival time in vivo. In such hemoglobinopathies higher levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hgb F) are associated with less severe anemia.<sup>1</sup>Fetal hemoglobin has oxygen-carrying capacities similar to normal adult hemoglobin, and one would expect that any maneuver raising Hgb F levels would benefit patients with hemoglobinopathies. The stimulus to Hgb F production is not known, but some clinical observations may be relevant. Fetal hemoglobin levels are higher in females with sickle cell anemia than in males<sup>2</sup>; they increase during pregnancy, and are elevated in patients with choriocarcinoma.<sup>3,4</sup>This suggests that chorionic gonadotrophin, estrogen, or progesterone may promote fetal hemoglobin synthesis. Four female patients, 21 to 32 years old, with hemoglobinopathies were investigated for fetal hemoglobin levels. Three had sickle cell thalassemia and one had sickle cell anemia. Chorionic gonadotrophin was administered to one patient with
Immunosuppression: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Thomas G. Benedek
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The authors of the first article state that they had two goals in preparing it: (1) to determine from published data whether treatment of various "immunoinflammatory" diseases with nonspecific immunosuppressant nonsteroidal drugs is justified, and (2) to stress the importance of conducting controlled evaluations of such drugs. They summarize numerous reports of therapeutic trials, most of which were uncontrolled, and group them according to the clinical diagnosis, in two tables. The toxic effects of these agents are briefly presented, but no space is given to their pharmacology or cellular effects. The authors conclude that treatment with immunosuppressive drugs "has a vast potential." Primarily, they make a plea that rigorous therapeutic trials be performed to establish the indications for specific agents in specific disease states. Much information is conveniently compressed within these 48 pages, which include a bibliography of 238 references. None are more recent than 1971, which, in a field
Outcomes not justified by data
Authors: I. Miura, K. Kurzatkowski, R. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Kuper and colleagues’ non-randomised before and after project merely tries to reproduce the outcomes of previous randomised trials.1 To create a study that does not advance knowledge of goal directed fluid treatment in major surgery seems to be nonsensical.

Although this study is billed as a quality improvement report, …
Multiple sedimenting species of properdin in human serum and interaction of purified properdin with the third component of complement.
Authors: J Chapitis, I H Lepow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Normal human serum subjected to sucrose density gradient analysis exhibited multiple sedimenting species of properdin antigen. Properdin antigen distribution was dependent on serum concentration, ionic strength, temperature, and the presence of C3, and was not dependent on the presence of divalent metal cations or blood coagulation. In mixtures of purified components, properdin sedimented heavier in the presence of C3, C3b, or C3c. Addition of factor B to mixtures containing C3 and properdin was without effect. These data provide insights into earlier discrepancies concerning the sedimentation behavior of partially purified properdin, indicate a propensity of some constituents of the alternative pathway to form protein-protein complexes, and suggest caution in interpretation of immunopathological studies in which properdin deposits are found in the presence of C3.
Porphyria cutanea tarda associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Authors: Paul S. Wissel, Peter Sordillo, Karl E. Anderson, Attallah Kappas, Shigeru Sassa, Robert L. Savillo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Three male subjects with cutaneous symptoms and biochemical signs typical of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All three were in a classic high risk group for the latter disease and developed a typical progressive illness. Two patients succumbed to opportunistic infections; the third is alive but critically ill. The symptomatic prodrome of AIDS developed concurrently with or followed the onset of symptoms of PCT in all three individuals. PCT and AIDS are both uncommon disorders; their association in three patients is thus of inherent clinical interest. If this association is not coincidental, it raises the possibility that the occurrence of photosensitivity, skin lesions, and evidence of biochemical changes characteristic of PCT may, in certain patients at risk for AIDS, presage the subsequent full clinical expression of the latter disease.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF AN ELEVATED CONVENTIONAL OR HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHEST PAIN WITH AND WITHOUT A DIAGNOSIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Michael Lipinski, Thibault Lhermusier, Ricardo Escarcega Alarcon, Nevin Baker, Sally Aldous, Camille Chenevier-Gobeaux, Yonathan Freund, Patrick Ray, Kai Eggers, Bertil Lindahl, Paul Collinson, Steve Goodacre, Miguel Santalo, Allan Jaffe, Jorge Ordonez-Llanos, Donald Schreiber, Alan Wu, Raphael Twerenbold, Christian Mueller, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Carcinogens in Food and the Delaney Clause
Authors: Thomas H. Jukes
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE Delaney Clause, sometimes called the Delaney Amendment, is a statement in the Food Additives Amendment of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and it became law in 1958. The clause says that "No additive shall be deemed to be safe if it is found to induce cancer when ingested by man or animal, or if it is found, after tests which are appropriate for the evaluation of the safety of food additives, to induce cancer in man or animal." An addition to the clause states that the prohibition against carcinogenic additives does not apply to ingredients of the feed of food animals provided that no residue of such additives is found by approved methods and analysis in the food derived from the animals. The clause is thus directed against food additives, and the addition to the clause deals with animal feed supplements. The clause is strongly supported and
Management of Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Thunyarat Anothaisintawee
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is common, but trial evidence is conflicting and therapeutic options are controversial.To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing mean symptom scores and treatment response among α-blockers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, other active drugs (phytotherapy, glycosaminoglycans, finasteride, and neuromodulators), and placebo.We searched MEDLINE from 1949 and EMBASE from 1974 to November 16, 2010, using the PubMed and Ovid search engines.Randomized controlled trials comparing drug treatments in CP/CPPS patients.Two reviewers independently extracted mean symptom scores, quality-of-life measures, and response to treatment between treatment groups. Standardized mean difference and random-effects methods were applied for pooling continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. A longitudinal mixed regression model was used for network meta-analysis to indirectly compare treatment effects.Twenty-three of 262 studies identified were eligible. Compared with placebo, α-blockers were associated with significant improvement in symptoms with standardized mean differences in total symptom, pain, voiding, and quality-of-life scores of -1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.8 to -0.6), -1.1 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.3), -1.4 (95% CI, -2.3 to -0.5), and -1.0 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.2), respectively. Patients receiving α-blockers or anti-inflammatory medications had a higher chance of favorable response compared with placebo, with pooled RRs of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6), respectively. Contour-enhanced funnel plots suggested the presence of publication bias for smaller studies of α-blocker therapies. The network meta-analysis suggested benefits of antibiotics in decreasing total symptom scores (-9.8; 95% CI, -15.1 to -4.6), pain scores (-4.4; 95% CI, -7.0 to -1.9), voiding scores (-2.8; 95% CI, -4.1 to -1.6), and quality-of-life scores (-1.9; 95% CI, -3.6 to -0.2) compared with placebo. Combining α-blockers and antibiotics yielded the greatest benefits compared with placebo, with corresponding decreases of -13.8 (95% CI, -17.5 to -10.2) for total symptom scores, -5.7 (95% CI, -7.8 to -3.6) for pain scores, -3.7 (95% CI, -5.2 to -2.1) for voiding, and -2.8 (95% CI, -4.7 to -0.9) for quality-of-life scores.α-Blockers, antibiotics, and combinations of these therapies appear to achieve the greatest improvement in clinical symptom scores compared with placebo. Anti-inflammatory therapies have a lesser but measurable benefit on selected outcomes. However, beneficial effects of α-blockers may be overestimated because of publication bias.
Voluntary Moral Bioenhancement Is a Solution to Sparrow's Concerns
Authors: Vojin Rakić
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

"Voluntary Moral Bioenhancement Is a Solution to Sparrow's Concerns." The American Journal of Bioethics, 14(4), pp. 37–38 Notes1. I concur with the definition of "ultimate harm" as an event or series of events that makes worthwhile life on Earth forever impossible (see Persson and Savulescu Citation2013).A difficulty with this suggestion is that morally unenhanced citizens might not be inclined to vote for a government that is morally wise enough to provide them with these external stimuli to undergo moral bioenhancement. A discussion of possible solutions to this difficulty is beyond the scope of this commentary.
US announces its domestic strategy for tackling AIDS
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The US government unveiled its strategy for tackling HIV/AIDS within its own borders last week after an arduous process of community consultations that lasted more than a year.

The aim of the plan is to reduce the annual toll of new HIV infections by 25% after five years. New infections have numbered about 56 000 a year for more than a decade. A 2001 plan by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to halve the rate of infections failed to reach its target, the failure being attributed by some commentators to a lack of funding for the job. 

Last year Johns Hopkins University HIV …
An animal model for screening drugs for antipsoriatic properties using hydroxyapatite to isolate DNA rapidly from the epidermis
Authors: ANTHONY VIVIER, ROBERT BIBLE, ROBERT K. MIKURIYA, RICHARD B. STOUGHTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

A new, rapid, simple and accurate procedure for extracting DNA from the epidermis is described involving hydroxyapatite. This compound has an unique property of high affinity for double stranded native DNA, but none for RNA and protein. The technique has been applied to a hairless mouse model for screening systemic and topical agents for cell inhibitory properties in proliferating epidermis for potential use in the therapy of psoriasis. Mitotic counts, autoradiography and a standard chloroform procedure for isolating DNA have confirmed the results obtained using hydroxyapatite column chromatography. In addition, compounds which are known to be effective in psoriasis, have been found to be effective in the system suggesting that it should be a good predictive screen for new therapies. Of several compounds screened for topical activity, cycloheximide has been found to be very effective in the system and preliminary clinical studies confirm its efficacy in psoriasis.
Compromised genomic integrity impedes muscle growth after Atrx inactivation
Authors: Michael S. Huh, Tina Price O’Dea, Dahmane Ouazia, Bruce C. McKay, Gianni Parise, Robin J. Parks, Michael A. Rudnicki, David J. Picketts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

ATR-X syndrome is a severe intellectual disability disorder caused by mutations in the ATRX gene. Many ancillary clinical features are attributed to CNS deficiencies, yet most patients have muscle hypotonia, delayed ambulation, or kyphosis, pointing to an underlying skeletal muscle defect. Here, we identified a cell-intrinsic requirement for Atrx in postnatal muscle growth and regeneration in mice. Mice with skeletal muscle–specific Atrx conditional knockout (Atrx cKO mice) were viable, but by 3 weeks of age presented hallmarks of underdeveloped musculature, including kyphosis, 20% reduction in body mass, and 34% reduction in muscle fiber caliber. Atrx cKO mice also demonstrated a marked regeneration deficit that was not due to fewer resident satellite cells or their inability to terminally differentiate. However, activation of Atrx-null satellite cells from isolated muscle fibers resulted in a 9-fold reduction in myoblast expansion, caused by delayed progression through mid to late S phase. While in S phase, Atrx colocalized specifically to late-replicating chromatin, and its loss resulted in rampant signs of genomic instability. These observations support a model in which Atrx maintains chromatin integrity during the rapid developmental growth of a tissue.
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma to the Thyroid Gland Detected by FDG-PET Imaging
Authors: Sandip Basu, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

The thyroid gland is a rare site of metastasis and there have been very few reports of metastatic involvement of the thyroid from malignant melanoma. A 52-year-old female, who was initially diagnosed to have melanoma of the skin on the left breast, was thought to be disease-free following excision until she underwent FDG-PET for a whole body survey 16 months later. FDG-PET showed foci of uptake in the left thyroid lobe, right costophrenic angle, the right hepatic lobe anteroinferiorly, and the left chest wall. The latter corresponded to a palpable nodule at that site. A chest CT chest demonstrated a lung nodule corresponding to the site of uptake at the right costophrenic angle. An ultrasound examination of the neck revealed several thyroid nodules which were identified in both lobes. The largest nodule was in the mid portion of the left lobe and this had a densely calcified rim. Histopathologic examination was most consistent with a metastatic lesion from malignant melanoma.
Impact of Epithelial Organization on Myc Expression and Activity—Letter
Authors: Johanna I. Partanen, Juha Klefstrom
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

We reported in the work of Partanen and colleagues ([1][1]) that epithelial architecture suppresses oncogenic properties of c-Myc. In this study, we used MCF10A and HMEC human mammary epithelial 3-dimensional (3D) Matrigel cell culture models expressing conditionally active c-Myc (MycER) and found
Postmarketing Drug Surveillance-Reply
Authors: Allen C. Rossi
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with the views of Dr Borden and colleagues regarding the role of spontaneous reporting in a multicomponent postmarketing surveillance system. Moreover, we share, in large measure, their perception of the purpose of systematic surveillance. Nevertheless, we would like to take this opportunity to comment further on the purpose of our article, to discuss briefly another finding resulting from our examination of phase IV studies that is pertinent to their comments, and to add a word of caution concerning the utility of postmarketing surveillance to quantify beneficial drug effects. While our article focused on new adverse drug reaction discovery as it relates to the phase IV studies we examined, we did not intend to suggest that the detection of unusual or unexpected adversity alone might be a sufficient reason for conducting systematic postmarketing surveillance. It did seem important, however, to convey a message of fact and encouragement
Contrasting IgE and IgG responses to dust mite, cat, and dog allergens among children in New Zealand who have high exposure to each allergen*1
Authors: E.A. Erwin, K. Wickens, N.J. Custis, M.S. Perzanowski, D. Barry, J. Crane, T.A.E. Platts-Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Adjusting for clinical covariates improves the ability of B‐type natriuretic peptide to distinguish cardiac from non‐cardiac dyspnoea: a sub‐study of HEARD‐IT
Authors: R. Kevin Rogers, Josef Stehlik, Gregory J. Stoddard, Thomas Greene, Sean P. Collins, W. Frank Peacock, Alan D. Maisel, Paul Clopton, Andrew D. Michaels
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)