tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
False-Positive Transient Ischemic Attack Due to Intraocular Lesion
Authors: Leonard L. L. Yeo, Jonathan J. Y. Ong, Vijay K. Sharma
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
$25 per woman per year would cut pregnancies and unsafe abortions by 70%
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Some 225 million women in developing countries want to avoid pregnancy but do not have access to modern contraceptives, while tens of millions still do not receive basic pregnancy and delivery care, a report has found.

The report estimated that providing women in the developing world with essential sexual and reproductive health services costing $25 (£16; €20) a year per woman would reduce unintended pregnancies by 70% and unsafe abortion by 74%.1

The $25 is roughly double the current level of spending on sexual and reproductive health among this group. It would …
Points: General practitioners' advice on smoking to patients referred for barium meals
Authors: M S Perry
Journal: BMJ (1985)

relatively little time available to talk to their inpatients because they are responsible for patients in several hospitals and are also concerned in work in the community, which may be particularly time consuming.Psychiatric firms usually have one junior trainee per site (or part ofone), and there are no housemen, so on call duties are shared by SHOs/registrars, whose posts usually coalesce to form training programmes involving enough firms and units to allow varied experience in a rotating scheme.Cuts in the numbers of junior psychiatric training posts are being proposed in many places and in some cases are draconian.If these numbers are reduced in this way without either a significant increase in consultant numbers or a commensurate increase in non-trainee junior posts then the standard of service may decline unacceptably in many places.Some regions err in supposing that manpower needs and use in psychiatry are essentially the same as in medical and surgical specialties.
Abstract LB-123: Novel function of STAT1 pathway as a modulator of tumor progression in serous papillary endometrial cancer
Authors: Budiman Kharma, Tsukasa Baba, Noriomi Matsumura, Hyun Sook Kang, Ryusuke Murakami, Ken Yamaguchi, Junzo Hamanishi, Masaki Mandai, Susan K Murphy, Ikuo Konishi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Serous papillary endometrial cancers (SPEC) are highly progressive with poor prognosis, and its oncogenic profile is known different from endometrioid endometrial cancers. It, however, still remains unclear that which pathway promotes tumor progression. The IFN-γ transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) has been considered as a tumor suppressor with transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms, but recent studies showed STAT1 was associated with poor prognosis in some cancers with unclear mechanisms. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis by microarray analysis of 63 human endometrial cancers which revealed STAT1 pathway was constitutively up-regulated in SPEC, and its expression was confirmed significantly higher in SPECs tissue cancer by immunohistochemical staining (p&amp;lt;0.001). Immunohistochemical staining also exhibited co-localization of ICAM-1 and PD-L1 at tumor frontier with CD8-T cells (p&amp;lt;0.001) as well as STAT1 expression in SPECs. Using a SPEC cell line, SPAC-1L, it was confirmed that IFN-γ induced STAT1 expression not only to promote cellular proliferation (p&amp;lt;0.05), adhesion (p&amp;lt;0.0001), and invasion (p=0.0002), but to induce expression of cMyc, ICAM-1 and PD-L1 (p&amp;lt;0.05). In contrast, suppression of STAT1 attenuated induction of these genes (p&amp;lt;0.05) and inhibited xenograft tumor growth on NOD-SCID mice (p&amp;lt;0.0001). These results indicate that STAT1 pathway modulates the micro-environment of SPECs in driving its downstream genes to promote tumor progression. Furthermore, it could be developed as a novel potential target for molecular therapy in SPEC. Citation Format: Budiman Kharma, Tsukasa Baba, Noriomi Matsumura, Hyun Sook Kang, Ryusuke Murakami, Ken Yamaguchi, Junzo Hamanishi, Masaki Mandai, Susan K Murphy, Ikuo Konishi. Novel function of STAT1 pathway as a modulator of tumor progression in serous papillary endometrial cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-123. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-123
Polyarteritis Nodosa Treated with Cortisone
Authors: M. I. Drury, M. D. Hickey, J. P. Malone
Journal: BMJ (1951)

RETROLENTAL\ FIBROPLASIABmsoL 1487 eyes of stillborn infants and of those dying in the early weeks of life, and hope that this will throw some light on the problem.SummaryHistological appearances of nine eyes enucleated in the late stage of retrolental fibroplasia are described.It is considered that the condition is inflammatory in origin, but the cause of the irritation cannot be deduced from the histology.We are grateful to the surgeons of the Oxford Eye Hospital for permission to use the histories of cases under their charge.
Does Folic Acid Decrease Plasma Homocysteine and Improve Endothelial Function in Patients With Predialysis Renal Failure?
Authors: J. Thambyrajah, M. J. Landray, F. J. McGlynn, H. J. Jones, D. C. Wheeler, J. N. Townend
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Considerable evidence suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent vascular risk factor that promotes atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial dysfunction. Although folic acid reduces hyperhomocysteinemia, the effect on adverse vascular events is unknown. We hypothesized that in patients with chronic renal failure, a condition associated with both hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerosis, treatment with folic acid would improve endothelial function. Methods and Results —In a prospective, double-blind protocol, 100 patients (mean age 62 years, 67 men) with predialysis chronic renal failure were randomized to 5 mg folic acid or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring (1) endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery, (2) combined serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations, and (3) plasma von Willebrand factor concentration. Baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. At the end of the study, both serum and red cell folate concentrations were greater in the folic acid group than the placebo group [mean (95% CI) 39.0 (29.8 to 51.0) versus 7.7 (6.6 to 8.9) μg/L and 739 (613 to 891) versus 220 (184 to 262) μg/L, respectively; both P &lt;0.001]. Despite a reduction in hyperhomocysteinemia in the folic acid group compared with the placebo group [15.1 (14.1 to 16.2) versus 20.1 (18.2 to 22.2) μmol/L; P &lt;0.001], there were no significant differences in endothelium-dependent dilation, combined serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations, or plasma von Willebrand factor concentration between the 2 groups. Conclusions —High-dose folic acid lowers but fails to normalize hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure. This was not accompanied by an improvement of endothelial function and suggests that treatment with folic acid may not reduce the burden of vascular disease in uremia.
Apoptosis in pressure overload-induced heart hypertrophy in the rat.
Authors: E Teiger, V D Than, L Richard, C Wisnewsky, B S Tea, L Gaboury, J Tremblay, K Schwartz, P Hamet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Pressure overload induces cardiac growth in the rat, which implies the hypertrophy of cardiac muscle cells and proliferation of nonmuscle cells. The cardiac cell loss observed in parallel has generally been attributed to necrosis. Using an in situ assay, we demonstrated a phase of apoptosis or programmed cell death during the first 7 d after pressure overload with a peak at day 4 while cardiac growth continued for over 30 d. The increase in apoptosis was confirmed by quantification of 180-1500-bp DNA oligonucleosomes with agarose gel electrophoresis and in situ labeling via 3'-terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay. While some apoptosis was observed in the basal state in nonmuscle cells, pressure overload induced apoptosis mainly in cardiomyocytes. These data suggest that cardiac hypertrophy is initiated by a wave of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Thus, apoptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of heart remodeling.
Sequence Variations in<i>PCSK9,</i>Low LDL, and Protection against Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Jonathan C. Cohen, Eric Boerwinkle, Thomas H. Mosley, Helen H. Hobbs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A low plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the effect of lifelong reductions in plasma LDL cholesterol is not known. We examined the effect of DNA-sequence variations that reduce plasma levels of LDL cholesterol on the incidence of coronary events in a large population.
The Functions of Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin: Recent Advances*
Authors: WILLIAM ROSNER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

The presence of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in plasma was detected about 30 yr ago, and of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) about 20 yr ago. In the interval since their discovery, sophisticated binding and RIAs have been devised for their measurement; their concentrations in plasma and other biological fluids, from milk to saliva, have been measured in myriad clinical conditions in humans, and numerous experimental ones in animals; their phyletic distribution has been examined; they have been isolated and their complementary DNAs (cDNAs) cloned; their binding specificities for steroids have been examined in heroic detail; hormonal and drug influences on their plasma concentration in vivo, and their secretion by liver cells in vitro, have been widely explored; they have been the subject of two long, splendid monographs (1, 2) and many shorter reviews (3–11) [wherein the original citations for the first part of this sentence may be found]—and yet we still have not come to a consensus on what it is that they do. Undeniably, they bind certain steroids. But to what biological end?
Detection of human herpesvirus-8 DNA in Kaposi’s sarcomas from iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Peter L. Rady, Emmilia Hodak, Angela Yen, Omeed Memar, Akiva Trattner, Meora Feinmesser, Michael David, S.David Hudnall, Stephen K. Tyring
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)
Tuberculin Skin Testing
Authors: Jenice N. Longfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 August 1997Tuberculin Skin TestingJenice N. Longfield, MD, MPH, Andrew M. Margileth, MD, and David F. Cruess, PhDJenice N. Longfield, MD, MPHBrooke Army Medical Center; San Antonio, TX 78234-6226Mercer School of Medicine; Hilton Head, SC 29925Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD 20814Search for more papers by this author, Andrew M. Margileth, MDBrooke Army Medical Center; San Antonio, TX 78234-6226Mercer School of Medicine; Hilton Head, SC 29925Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD 20814Search for more papers by this author, and David F. Cruess, PhDBrooke Army Medical Center; San Antonio, TX 78234-6226Mercer School of Medicine; Hilton Head, SC 29925Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD 20814Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-4-199708150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We agree with Pouchot and colleagues [1] that the reliability and validity of the method used to read tuberculin skin tests have important implications for clinical decision making. We addressed this issue and published a similar study in 1984 that compared the ballpoint and palpation method used by five raters of 101 participants [2]. This article included a picture of the ballpoint method that may be useful to readers. We found excellent interobserver agreement for both techniques. Variability due to the method of reading was examined for each reader by using the coefficient of variation, as suggested ...References1. Pouchot J, Grasland A, Collet C, Coste J, Esdaile JM, Vincenaux P. Reliability of tuberculin skin test measurement. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:210-4. Google Scholar2. Longfield JN, Margileth AM, Golden SM, Lazoritz S, Bohan JS, Cruess DF. Interobserver and method variability in tuberculin skin testing. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1984; 3:323-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooke Army Medical Center; San Antonio, TX 78234-6226Mercer School of Medicine; Hilton Head, SC 29925Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD 20814 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1997Volume 127, Issue 4Page: 334KeywordsDecision makingMultidrug resistant tuberculosisReproducibilitySkin testsTuberculin Issue Published: 15 August 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Acid-Base Disorders
Authors: Yen-Jen Fuh
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  It is exciting to read Dr. Saulo Klahr's article, Acid-Base Disorder in Health and Disease (222:567, 1972). I am particularly interested in the case presented for the discussion. Unfortunately, the data presented seem inadequate. For example, we do not know the serum pH, oxygen pressure (Po 2 ) and carbon dioxide pressure (Pco 2 ) on admission. The serum potassium level, 3.8 mEq/liter, was normal, with acid urine of pH 5.0.I doubt that so-called hypokalemic, alkalotic, paradoxical aciduria was present in the case. The high carbon dioxide content (39 millimols/liter) that persisted even after correction of serum potassium level (3.9 mEq/liter) actually was not much different from that on admission (3.8 mEq/liter). I wonder if the metabolic alkalosis was due to hypochloremia (88 to 89 mEq/liter; normal, 98 to 106 mEq/liter) instead of hypokalemia. In discussion, Dr. Klahr admitted that the patient did not have bicarbonate diuresis even after
Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis associated with Southeast Asian ovalocytosis
Authors: Somkiat Vasuvattakul, Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus, Prayong Vachuanichsanong, Peti Thuwajit, Charoen Kaitwatcharachai, Vichai Laosombat, Prida Malasit, Prapon Wilairat, Sumalee Nimmannit
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
NOTE ON THE ETIOLOGY OF PELLAGRA
Authors: W. H. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1930)

A skiagram of hiis spinial colulmn slhowed clear evideiicee of osteo- arthr-itis.There was considerable outgrowth of nlew subperiosteal bonie, anid to some extent it was laid down around the nieuiral openiiigs.It is reasonable to suppose that pressure upon tlhe nerves at their points of exit, with resulting oedema, played a conisiderlable part in the collective group of symptoms.
Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women Receiving Long-term Physiological Doses of Levothyroxine
Authors: Annie W. C. Kung, K. K. Pun
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Total body and regional bone mineral density (BMD) levels were determined in 26 premenopausal women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis receiving long-term physiological doses of levothyroxine sodium replacement therapy. The BMD levels of each patient were compared with the mean of the BMD levels of age-matched normal controls. The mean levothyroxine sodium dose was 111 +/- 6 micrograms/d, and the mean duration of treatment was 7.5 +/- 5.3 years (range, 1 to 24 years). Dietary calcium intake was similar in both groups, as were serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine index, and thyrotropin levels. Women receiving the levothyroxine treatment had normal total body BMD levels but had significantly lower BMD levels at the femoral neck (-5.7%), femoral trochanter (-7.0%), Ward's triangle (-10.6%), both arms (right, -7.8%; left, -8.9%), and pelvis (-4.9%). In contrast, lumbar spine BMD levels were similar in the two groups. There was no correlation between the total body or different regional BMD levels and the duration or dosage of levothyroxine treatment or thyroid function test results. However, the z score of the femoral neck of these patients showed a significant negative correlation with their serum free thyroxine index levels. We conclude that patients receiving physiological doses of levothyroxine may have decreased bone density. Thyroid functions in patients receiving long-term levothyroxine treatment should be closely monitored and bone densitometry should be performed in patients at risk for osteoporosis.
Clinical presentation and early course of type 1 diabetes in patients with and without thyroid autoimmunity.
Authors: M Fernández-Castañer, A Molina, L López-Jiménez, J M Gómez, J Soler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and to determine the influence of TAI on the clinical presentation and evolution of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 111 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients &amp;gt; 13 years old. The diagnosis of TAI was based on medical history and measurement of thyroid peroxidase (microsomal) antibodies (TPOAs). Clinical presentation of diabetes, beta-cell autoimmune markers (GADAs and 1A2As), and evolution of insulin-secretory reserves and metabolic control during the first 2 years of follow-up were analyzed. Differences between groups were evaluated by Student's t test or the chi 2 test. The influence of TAI on follow-up data was evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: TAI was present in 31 patients (14 TPOA+ patients with normal thyroid function, 12 TPOA+ patients with thyroid dysfunction, and 5 patients with previously diagnosed TAI). TAI was more prevalent in women than in men (43.7 vs. 15.9%, P = 0.001). beta-Cell autoimmunity was more prevalent in patients with TAI than in those without TAI (93.5 vs. 76.3%, P = 0.03). The evolution of insulin requirements, metabolic control, and insulin-secretory reserves was comparable in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: TAI is present in many type 1 diabetes patients at the time of diagnosis and is associated with a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. The clinical presentation of diabetes and the evolution of metabolic control and insulin-secretory reserves are not influenced by the presence of TAI. Patients with type 1 diabetes should be screened for TAI at diagnosis.
Mephedrone is an amphetamine "by another name," drug adviser tells MPs
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The interim chairman of the UK government’s advisory body on drugs strongly hinted this week that it would recommend a ban on the “legal high” mephedrone when it reports to the home secretary next week.

Les Iversen, who chairs the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, was giving evidence to the House of Commons Home Affairs Committee in the wake of the deaths of two young people after taking mephedrone, which is marketed as a plant food.

Two friends, Louis Wainwright, 18, and Nicholas Smith, 19, died this month after taking the drug, which …
Does the reticulin binding property of cereal proteins demonstrable in vitro have pathogenetic significance for coeliac disease?
Authors: D J Unsworth, E J Holborow
Journal: Gut (1985)

We used an indirect immunofluorescence technique, using rabbit antisera against cereal protein extracts, to determine which cereal proteins bind to reticulin in tissue sections and which do not. Wheat albumin extracts and globulins and gliadin extracts from a range of different wheat varieties, and prolamine extracts of barley and rye each bound to reticulin in vitro, while prolamine extracts of maize and rice did not. Wheat gluten subfractions were also tested. Subfractions B and C and subfractions B2 and B3 did bind, but fraction A and subfraction B1 did not. The results suggest an association between in vitro reticulin binding and the ability to induce gluten sensitive enteropathy on feeding.
La colite ulcerosa
Authors: Joseph K. Narat
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In their preface the authors ask: Is ulcerative colitis not a syndrome but a clinicopathologic entity? Do locations of the lesions in places other than the large intestine represent topographic variants of ulcerative colitis? Both questions are answered in the affirmative. Terminology, definition, historical data, and statistical analysis are covered in the first chapter. The second is devoted to pathologic anatomy. In the following chapter the authors discuss the cause of ulcerative colitis and explain why, of the various hypotheses, they favor the psychosomatic theory, although they admit that in some patients abnormalities in vascularization of the colon or a faulty protective mechanism of the intestine may be the responsible factor. The fourth chapter deals with pathogenesis, and the fifth describes the symptoms, clinical findings, and differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. The sixth chapter is devoted to roentgenologic findings and the seventh to complications.The ae^jhth chapter deals with conservative therapy and the concluding one describes various operations and their indications and results, without technical details.
Highly purified CD38+ and CD38− sub-clones derived from the same chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient have distinct gene expression signatures despite their monoclonal origin
Authors: C Pepper, R Ward, T T Lin, P Brennan, J Starczynski, M Musson, C Rowntree, P Bentley, K Mills, G Pratt, C Fegan
Journal: Leukemia (2007)