tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Antigen-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness by Ultralow Molecular-weight Heparin
Authors: JUSSARA F. MOLINARI, CARLOS CAMPO, SHAHIDA SHAKIR, TAHIR AHMED
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Unfractionated heparin (UF-heparin) has been shown to prevent antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), but it is ineffective when administered after the antigen challenge. We hypothesized that the failure of UF-heparin to modify postantigen AHR might depend on molecular weight. We therefore studied the effects of UF-heparin and three low-molecular-weight heparin fractions (medium-molecular-weight heparin [MMWH]; low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH]; and ultralow-molecular-weight heparin [ULMWH]) on antigen-induced AHR and histamine release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Specific lung resistance (SRL) was measured in 20 allergic sheep before, immediately after, and up to 2 h after challenge with Ascaris suum antigen. Airway responsiveness was expressed as the cumulative provocative dose of carbachol, in breath units, that increased SRL by 400% (PD400). PD400 was determined before and 2 h after antigen, both without and after treatment with aerosolized UF-heparin (1,000 U/kg) and various heparin fractions (0.04 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg) administered after the antigen challenge. Inhaled UF-heparin (n = 4), MMWH (n = 4), and LMWH (n = 6) failed to modify postantigen AHR when administered after the challenge. Only ULMWH (n = 6) inhibited postantigen AHR in a dose-dependent manner (percent protection ranged from 31% to 139%). In eight additional sheep, histamine in BALF was measured with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and after the segmental antigen challenge, without and after pretreatment with inhaled UF-heparin, LMWH, or ULMWH. Inhaled UF-heparin and LMWH inhibited antigen-induced histamine release as measured in BALF by 81% and 75%, respectively; whereas ULMWH was ineffective in this respect. We conclude that: (1) modification of antigen-induced AHR by fractionated heparins is molecular-weight dependent; and (2) only ULMWH attenuates AHR when administered after antigen challenge, via an unknown mast-cell-independent action.
Adenosine-Induced Atrioventricular Block in Patients With Unexplained Syncope
Authors: Michele Brignole, Germano Gaggioli, Carlo Menozzi, Lorella Gianfranchi, Angelo Bartoletti, Nicola Bottoni, Gino Lolli, Daniele Oddone, None Attilio Del Rosso, Giuseppe Pellinghelli
Journal: Circulation (1997)

ATP and its related nucleoside, adenosine, are ubiquitous biological compounds with potent depressant activity on the atrioventricular node. We hypothesized that an increased susceptibility of the atrioventricular node to adenosine may, in some cases, play a role in the genesis of syncope.The study was performed in two parts. In part 1, we evaluated the effects of a bolus injection of 20 mg ATP in a group of 60 patients (57+/-19 years, 31 men) with syncope of unexplained origin and in 90 control subjects without syncope (55+/-17 years, 46 men). In control subjects, the upper 95th percentile of the maximum RR interval distribution, during ATP-induced atrioventricular block (AVB), was 6000 ms. In the syncope group, 28% of patients had a maximum RR interval above this limit (P=.000). The distribution of the maximum RR interval below the 95th percentile was similar in the two groups. In part 2, we validated the ATP test in 24 patients who had the fortuitous ECG recording of a spontaneous syncope caused by a transient asystolic pause (AVB in 15 and sinus arrest in 9). The ATP test caused AVB with an asystolic pause of > or = 6000 ms in 53% of the patients with documented AVB but in none (0%) of the patients with documented sinus arrest (P=.01). Among the patients with spontaneous AVB, the ATP test was abnormal in 6 of the 7 patients (86%) in whom all conventional investigations for syncope had been negative and in 2 of the 8 patients (25%) who had shown positivity (P=.03).An increased susceptibility to ATP testing is present in patients with SUO and patients with syncope due to paroxysmal AVB. Thus, a logical inference is that ATP testing can be used to identify patients with syncope due to paroxysmal AVB. The results of this study form the necessary background for future prospective studies with an aim to validate this assumption.
Gynaecologist faces inquiry after woman nearly dies after abortion
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist was last week accused at a General Medical Council hearing of a “unique” catalogue of errors that nearly killed a young woman having an abortion.

On 6 November 2000 Dr Andrew Gbinigie did a dilatation and evacuation on a 21 year old woman, referred to in the case as Miss A. It was his first day in a new job at the Calthorpe Clinic in Birmingham. He is accused of perforating …
Prediction of Radionuclide Bone Imaging Findings by Gleason Histologic Grading of Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, BONNIE MITCHELL, BECKY WIERZBINSKI, SYLVIA MAGOCUM, U YUN RYO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

To evaluate a relationship between Gleason scores and Tc-99m HMDP bone imaging findings, data from 48 men (aged 45 to 77; mean, 67) with prostate carcinoma who had a bone imaging study at the time of presentation were reviewed. Cumulative Gleason scores were divided into two groups: high scores (6–10), 32 men; low scores (2–5), 16 men. Of the 32 men with high Gleason scores, 15 tested positive for multiple metastases and 17 tested negative. Tumors of the 16 men with low Gleason scores were negative for metastasis. A chi-square association between Gleason scores and the presence of metastases, either of a superscan pattern or multiple metastases, was 10.9 (1 df, P < 0.001). The results indicate that a super-scan pattern or multiple metastases were found exclusively in the bone images of patients with high histologie grades; bone images negative for metastases were associated with low-grade tumors. We conclude that positive bone imaging for metastases at the initial scan occurs only in patients who have high Gleason scores, that patients with high Gleason scores might or might not have skeletal metastasis, and that skeletal metastasis is not predictable in patients with low Gleason scores.
REAL-TIME REPORTING OF CLINICAL PROCESS MEASURES REVEALS IMPROVED PERFORMANCE, YET DIFFERENCES PERSIST BETWEEN HOSPITALS IN THE AUSTRALIAN COOPERATIVE NATIONAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE CORONARY CARE, GUIDELINE ADHERENCE AND CLINICAL EVENTS (CONCORDANCE)
Authors: Bernadette Aliprandi-Costa, David B. Brieger, Sandra West, Janice Gullick, Estelle Ryan, Rhonda Turnbull, Carla Morgan, Kevin Alford, Kanishka Kamaldasa, Isuru Ranasinghe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Metabolites and Analogues of Vitamin D
Authors: Mark R. Haussler, Peter E. Cordy
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The discovery and chemical synthesis of several biologically active derivatives of vitamin D have increased the number of compounds available for the treatment of disorders of bone and mineral metabolism. Calcitriol is the most active natural metabolite of vitamin D, but analogues like dihydrotachysterol and calcifediol also are safe and effective therapeutic agents. These vitamin D congeners have been useful in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy, hypoparathyroidism, and other disorders refractory to vitamin D therapy. Certain analogues may offer distinct advantages over vitamin D, depending on the nature of the defect. All vitamin D derivatives should be used cautiously, with frequent monitoring of serum calcium levels to prevent toxic reactions. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:841-844)
Nonviral Gene Delivery from Nonwoven Fibrous Scaffolds Fabricated by Interfacial Complexation of Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Shawn H. Lim, I-Chien Liao, Kam W. Leong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We investigated a novel nonwoven fibrous scaffold as a vehicle for delivery of DNA. Fibers were formed by polyelectrolyte complexation of water-soluble chitin and alginate, and PEI–DNA nanoparticles were encapsulated during the fiber drawing process. Nanoparticles released from the fibers over time retained their bioactivity and successfully transfected cells seeded on the scaffold in a sustained manner. Transgene expression in HEK293 cells and human dermal fibroblasts seeded on the transfecting scaffolds was significant even after 2 weeks of culture compared to 3-day expression in two-dimensional controls. Fibroblasts seeded on scaffolds containing DNA encoding basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) demonstrated prolonged secretion of bFGF at levels significantly higher than baseline. This work establishes the potential of this fibrous scaffold as a matrix capable of delivering genes to direct and support cellular development in tissue engineering.
THE EVALUATION OF THE SENSITIZING INDEX OF TWO CLEANING AGENTS.
Authors: J. B. LYON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1954)

Journal Article THE EVALUATION OF THE SENSITIZING INDEX OF TWO CLEANING AGENTS. Get access J. B. LYON, M.B., M.R.C.P. J. B. LYON, M.B., M.R.C.P. Senior Medical Registrar, Skin Department, Westminster Hospital, London; Clinical Assistant, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 66, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1954, Pages 308–311, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1954.tb12640.x Published: 01 August 1954
Properdin — Its Biologic Importance
Authors: George B. Naff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IN the classical complement system, complement action is initiated by immune complexes through the activation of C1, the first component of complement. The early acting components, C1, C4 and C2, react in sequence to generate an enzyme (C3 convertase or CC4̄2̄) that initiates activation of the late acting components (C3, C5... C9). Products of complement activation generated from terminal components participate in the inflammatory process and tissue injury. In the classical complement system, therefore, the primary function of early acting components is generation of an enzyme that initiates the activation of terminal components and the generation of biologic activities derived . . .
Laplace's Law
Authors: Richard E. Strain
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  Dr. Margolis is correct in the special situation where the transmural pressure is directed outward, as in the usual vascular case. However, the P in Laplace's Law 1,2 T=P×R for an infinitely long, infinitely thinwalled cylinder is defined to be the transmural pressure P tm , which is equal to the internal pressure P , minus the external pressure P e , P tm =P i —P e . It is obvious for P tm greater than 0 that increasing P e will decrease P tm and decrease the stress (tension) in the wall of the cylinder. This is the usual vascular case to which he refers. But in the case of a pressure neuropathy, P tm is less than 0 because the nerve axons are compressed. Thus, increasing P e causes P tm to become more negative and therefore increases the stress (compression) in the axonal membrane. This stress and
Surgery to Reduce Lung Volume
Authors: David R. Dantzker, Steven M. Scharf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Emphysema can cause substantial functional impairment and is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Our ability to treat emphysema is severely limited because the principal physiologic deficiency results from the destruction of the architecture of the lung. The development of lung transplantation, first of a single lung and later of both in sequence, was the first direct approach to the treatment of advanced emphysema. However, most patients with severe disease are precluded from undergoing this surgery by advanced age and coexisting conditions. In addition, the postoperative regimen of immunosuppression causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Lung-reduction . . .
Pharmacokinetics of Ofloxacin - Measurement of Drug Concentration in Saliva of Patients with Impaired Renal Function
Authors: K. Fujita, N. Matsuoka, I. Takenaka, K. Hiraishi, T. Yokota, T. Asahi, K. Tatara, M. Yuasa, Y. Kaifu, A. Kawano, K. Akiyama
Journal: Drugs (1995)
Antioxidant supplementation prevents oxidation and inflammatory responses induced by sidestream cigarette smoke in old mice.
Authors: J Zhang, S Jiang, R R Watson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) makes up about 85% of significantly toxic environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SSCS play an important role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. Interleukin-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and is closely linked with pathology in cardiovascular disease and conditions that have an inflammatory base. Exposure to SSCS through a burning cigarette for 30 min/day, 5 days a week, for 4 months increased interleukin-6 production in spleen and lipid peroxide level in mouse liver. Our findings suggest that ROS induced by SSCS will promote hepatic lipid peroxidation and may also contribute to an increase in interleukin-6 cytokine production. Multiple antioxidants given as a dietary supplement significantly normalized interleukin-6 cytokine production and prevented hepatic lipid peroxidation. We conclude that the SSCS in moderate intake levels increased oxidation and promoted inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 production, whereas antioxidants prevented these changes.
Marfan's Syndrome With Complete Heart Block and Junctional Rhythm
Authors: Edward S. Bear
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Asymptomatic complete heart block with a junctional rhythm was discovered in a 26-year-old black man with Marfan's syndrome. The arrhythmia was documented by electrocardiograms and His bundle electrocardiography. The patient also exhibited an abnormally small right coronary artery, low serum levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, and total lipids.
Artificial Lighting as a Vector Attractant and Cause of Disease Diffusion
Authors: Alessandro Barghini, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Traditionally, epidemiologists have considered electrification to be a positive factor. In fact, electrification and plumbing are typical initiatives that represent the integration of an isolated population into modern society, ensuring the control of pathogens and promoting public health. Nonetheless, electrification is always accompanied by night lighting that attracts insect vectors and changes people's behavior. Although this may lead to new modes of infection and increased transmission of insect-borne diseases, epidemiologists rarely consider the role of night lighting in their surveys.We reviewed the epidemiological evidence concerning the role of lighting in the spread of vector-borne diseases to encourage other researchers to consider it in future studies.We present three infectious vector-borne diseases-Chagas, leishmaniasis, and malaria-and discuss evidence that suggests that the use of artificial lighting results in behavioral changes among human populations and changes in the prevalence of vector species and in the modes of transmission.Despite a surprising lack of studies, existing evidence supports our hypothesis that artificial lighting leads to a higher risk of infection from vector-borne diseases. We believe that this is related not only to the simple attraction of traditional vectors to light sources but also to changes in the behavior of both humans and insects that result in new modes of disease transmission. Considering the ongoing expansion of night lighting in developing countries, additional research on this subject is urgently needed.
Hepatobiliary Excretion of MAG3 Simulation of a Urinary Leak
Authors: A SEMIH DOGAN, PETER T. KIRCHNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A Tc-99m MAG3 renal scintigram was performed on a patient with severe renal insufficiency and bilateral ureteral stents. The Tc-99m MAG3 study displayed typical findings for renal insufficiency but also suggested the presence of lower tract obstruction. Moreover, the delayed posterior and posterior oblique views of the abdomen revealed an extrarenal collection of tracer suggestive of a urinary leak. With the help of additional views, this extrarenal activity was proven to be tracer in the bowel and biliary system. Biliary excretion of Tc-99m MAG3 can be prominent in patients with renal insufficiency and could lead to an erroneous diagnosis of urinary leak. Finally, scintigraphic diagnosis of lower tract obstruction may be difficult in patients with renal insufficiency, but some helpful signs may lead to the correct diagnosis.
Leptin Signaling Protects NK Cells from Apoptosis During Development in Mouse Bone Marrow
Authors: Cherry Kam Chun Lo, Queenie Lai Kwan Lam, Min Yang, King-Hung Ko, Lingyun Sun, Rui Ma, Shengjun Wang, Huaxi Xu, Sidney Tam, Chang-You Wu, Bo-Jiang Zheng, Liwei Lu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2009)
THE PSYCHOPATHIC MANIFESTATIONS OF THE NON-INSANE PSYCHONEUROSES.
Authors: JOHN PUNTON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The active, enthusiastic investigation and widespread interest in the nature and character of the insanities deserves most cordial consideration and support. Heretofore the study of psychiatry has been more or less divorced from practical clinical neurology, while to the average general medical practitioner it was almost a sealed book. The tendency of modern medical progress, however, is such as to bring psychiatry into closer relationship with general medical practice by furnishing the general practitioner with more accurate scientific knowledge concerning the clinical aspects of insanity and its allied neuroses. At the recent meeting of the American Psychological Association, the scientific program beautifully illustrated the practical trend of psychiatry in America at the present time, for it is interesting to note that the burden of the themes presented by the leading alienists in their papers and discussions was intended to enforce at least three practical truths: The great necessity for a
Broader Research into Disease
Authors: FREDERIC GOLDSMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1983Broader Research into DiseaseFREDERIC GOLDSMITHFREDERIC GOLDSMITHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-740_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A distinguished doctor friend of mine recently showed me the July 1983 issue. I had contracted Lyme disease and my friend thought I would like to read about it.The two articles on Lyme disease (1, 2), while obviously brilliantly advancing the treatment of Lyme disease, seem to me symptomatic of a chronic mistake of the modern medical world, which is to cut apart the patient and the illness—to forget about the patient and concentrate on the illness, proving empirically the best treatment to effect a cure.This is not enough! Both for knowledge of the disease...References1. STEEREHUTCHINSONRAHN AGD. Treatment of the early manifestations of Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:22-26. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEEREBARTENHAGENCRAFT ANJ. The early clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:76-82. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1983Volume 99, Issue 5Page: 740-740KeywordsLyme disease Issue Published: 1 November 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A novel Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody to CD37 with enhanced ADCC and high proapoptotic activity for treatment of B-cell malignancies
Authors: Karl-Heinz Heider, Kerstin Kiefer, Thorsten Zenz, Matthias Volden, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Elinborg Ostermann, Anke Baum, Herbert Lamche, Zaruhi Küpcü, Alexander Jacobi, Steffen Müller, Ulrich Hirt, Günther R. Adolf, Eric Borges
Journal: Blood (2011)
Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with HER2 Exon 20 Mutation: Regression with Dual HER2 Inhibition and Anti-VEGF Combination Treatment
Authors: Gerald S. Falchook, Filip Janku, Anne S. Tsao, Christel C. Bastida, David J. Stewart, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Net renal tubular reabsorption of zinc in healthy man and impaired handling in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Vilma A. Yuzbasiyan‐Gurkan, George J. Brewer, Arthur J. Vander, Michael J. Guenther, Ananda S. Prasad
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Zinc deficiency is a significant clinical finding in sickle cell anemia (SCA) and abnormalities of zinc handling such as hyperzincuria are present. The cause of increased urinary zinc excretion in SCA is not clear. To define the renal handling of zinc in SCA and in healthy subjects, we measured zinc (total and ultrafilterable plasma zinc, urine zinc) and creatinine clearance in eight healthy and seven SCA subjects. Ultrafilterable zinc in plasma was assessed by equilibration of plasma with 65 Zn followed by filtration through Amicon Cetriflo CF25 cones. While the mean filtered load of zinc was not significantly different between the two groups, the mean zinc excretion rate was approximately threefold higher in patients (1.73 ± 0.96 vs. 0.63 ± 0.39 μg/min, P &lt;.05). In controls, zinc excreted was significantly less than zinc filtered ( P &lt;.005), the fractional excretion of zinc averaging 0.49 ± 0.31, indicating net reabsorption. This was not the case for the SCA patients. We conclude that there is impaired renal tubular handling of zinc in SCA.
Research on Diabetes Management and the Family: A Critique
Authors: Barbara J Anderson, Wendy F Auslander
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Research on diabetes management and the family has been traditionally viewed within a linear model, in which parental attitudes toward diabetes are seen as the principal influence on the child's adjustment and metabolic control. Recently the focus of research has shifted to the broader family milieu, with an emphasis on patterns of cooperation and conflict among all family members in implementing the treatment regimen. As investigators have begun to study the entire family, the linear model of parental influences has been overshadowed by a systems model of family interaction, based on the concept of mutual influences among all individuals in the family. Several methodological problems have characterized research in this area, such as inadequate assessments of family functioning, unreliable indices of metabolic control, and insensitivity to differences in age and disease variables. Future studies of diabetes management will have much to gain from consideration of the role of the father and siblings in treatment, attention to the diabetic child's impact on family functioning, and recognition of sources of support and stress outside the family that affect adaptation to diabetes.
A putative vulnerability locus to multiple sclerosis maps to 5p14–p12 in a region syntenic to the murine locus Eae2
Authors: Satu Kuokkanen, Mats Sundvall, Joseph D. Terwilliger, Pentti J. Tienari, Juhani Wikström, Rikard Holmdahl, Ulf Pettersson, Leena Peltonen
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)