tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in nocturnal and nonnocturnal asthma. Evidence that Gly16 correlates with the nocturnal phenotype.
Authors: J Turki, J Pak, S A Green, R J Martin, S B Liggett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Nocturnal asthma represents a unique subset of patients with asthma who experience worsening symptoms and airflow obstruction at night. The basis for this phenotype of asthma is not known, but beta 2-adrenergic receptors (beta 2AR) are known to downregulate overnight in nocturnal asthmatics but not normal subjects or nonnocturnal asthmatics. We have recently delineated three polymorphic loci within the coding block of the beta 2AR which alter amino acids at positions 16, 27, and 164 and impart specific biochemical and pharmacologic phenotypes to the receptor. In site-directed mutagenesis/recombinant expression studies we have found that glycine at position 16 (Gly16) imparts an accelerated agonist-promoted downregulation of beta 2AR as compared to arginine at this position (Arg16). We hypothesized that Gly16 might be overrepresented in nocturnal asthmatics and thus determined the beta 2AR genotypes of two well-defined asthmatic cohorts: 23 nocturnal asthmatics with 34 +/- 2% nocturnal depression of peak expiratory flow rates, and 22 nonnocturnal asthmatics with virtually no such depression (2.3 +/- 0.8%). The frequency of the Gly16 allele was 80.4% in the nocturnal group as compared to 52.2% in the nonnocturnal group, while the Arg16 allele was present in 19.6 and 47.8%, respectively. This overrepresentation of the Gly16 allele in nocturnal asthma was significant at P = 0.007 with an odds ratio of having nocturnal asthma and the Gly16 polymorphism being 3.8. Comparisons of the two cohorts as to homozygosity for Gly16, homozygosity for Arg16, or heterozygosity were also consistent with segregation of Gly16 with nocturnal asthma. There was no difference in the frequency of polymorphisms at loci 27 (Gln27 or Glu27) and 164 (Thr164 or Ile164) between the two groups. Thus the Gly16 polymorphism of the beta 2AR, which imparts an enhanced downregulation of receptor number, is overrepresented in nocturnal asthma and appears to be an important genetic factor in the expression of this asthmatic phenotype.
Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder in the Epstein-Barr virus-naïve lung transplant recipient.
Authors: R M Aris, D M Maia, I P Neuringer, K Gott, S Kiley, K Gertis, J Handy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a widely recognized and often catastrophic complication of organ transplantation. The incidence of PTLD after lung transplantation ranges from 6.2 to 9.4% and is two-fold higher than that seen after organ transplantation of other organs. Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major risk factor for PTLD, but the incidence of PTLD in EBV seronegative (EBV-) patients seems to vary with type of organ transplant. The goal of this study was to quantify the risk of PLTD based on pre-lung transplantation EBV serostatus in lung transplant patients. Pre- and post-lung transplant serostatus was defined in 80 patients, and our six cases of PTLD occurred in this group. Six of 94 lung transplant patients (6.4%) who survived > 1 mo developed PTLD. All cases of PTLD involved thoracic structures at presentation and occurred in the first post-operative year. Patients who were EBV- before lung transplant were much more likely to develop PTLD than those who were seropositive (EBV+) (five of 15 [33%] versus one of 60 [< 2%], p < 0.001). Consistent with the prevailing adult (donor) EBV+ rate (85%), two of our EBV-patients remained EBV-after lung transplant. Therefore, the rate of PTLD was 42% in those with primary EBV infection. As compared with EBV-patients that remained tumor-free, those who developed PLTD had similar levels of immunosuppressants and doses of anti-viral therapy. We conclude that PLTD occurs predominantly in EBV-naïve patients (risk approximately 1/3). EBV-patients should be monitored more closely after lung transplantation and, possibly, managed with lower immunosuppression. Our data also suggest that anti-viral therapy alone does not decrease the incidence of PTLD in high risk patients, PTLD can be successfully treated in most cases, and EBV-naïve patients should not be excluded from lung transplant because their risk of death from PTLD is < 15%.
Theatre: Mother Clap's Molly House
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

National Theatre, London, until 24 November For details of performance dates visit http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/ Also at New Theatre, Cardiff, 4 to 8 December Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> M other Clap's Molly House is a play about men … in dresses. This bawdy musical drama, the disclaimer warns, contains language and scenes that “some may find offensive.” A similar disclaimer applies to this review. Written by Mark Ravenhill, who wrote the 1996 hit play Shopping and Fucking , Mother Clap's Molly House is a camp comedy of gay sexual manners through the ages. It sets out to reflect the diversity of human sexuality and to explore our need to form families, and while it celebrates homosexuality, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Risks Associated With Statin Therapy
Authors: Amir Kashani, Christopher O. Phillips, JoAnne M. Foody, Yongfei Wang, Sandeep Mangalmurti, Dennis T. Ko, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Although statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, concerns about adverse effects may deter physicians from prescribing these agents. We performed a systematic overview of randomized statin trials to quantify the risks of musculoskeletal, renal, and hepatic complications associated with therapy.Major statin trials were identified by electronic search of the MEDLINE database from 1966 to December 2005. We included English language reports of adults with documented hyperlipidemia; double-blind, random allocation of > or = 100 patients to statin monotherapy versus placebo; and reports of myalgia, creatine kinase elevations, rhabdomyolysis, transaminase elevations, and discontinuation due to adverse events. Among 74,102 subjects enrolled in 35 trials (follow-up range, 1 to 65 months), statin therapy (excluding cerivastatin) did not result in significant absolute increases in risks of myalgias (risk difference/1000 patients [RD], 2.7; 95% CI, -3.2 to 8.7), creatine kinase elevations (RD, 0.2; 95% CI, -0.6 to 0.9), rhabdomyolysis (RD, 0.4; 95% CI, -0.1 to 0.9), or discontinuation due to any adverse event (RD, -0.5; 95% CI, -4.3 to 3.3). The absolute risk of transaminase elevations was significantly higher with statin therapy (RD, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.9).On the basis of data available from published clinical trials, statin therapy is associated with a small excess risk of transaminase elevations, but not of myalgias, creatine kinase elevations, rhabdomyolysis, or withdrawal of therapy compared with placebo. Further study is necessary to determine whether the results from these published clinical trials are similar to what occurs in routine practice, particularly among patients who are older, have more severe comorbid conditions, or receive higher statin doses than most patients in these clinical trials.
Extracranial Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Pete N. Poolos
Journal: JAMA (1970)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— In a recent joint study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion reported by Fields et al (211:1993, 1970), the authors elaborated various extracranial vascular patterns. They indicated a controversy between those schooled in the neurologic sciences as opposed to those schooled in the performance of a purely technical procedure. One area of major conflict has been the lack of adequate opacification of the intracranial vessels and their varying anastomatic patterns in studies performed by vascular surgeons.  importance of this was reported in 1960 by Doctor Gurdjian of Wayne State University.  authors report significant postoperative complications in those patients with carotid stenosis when the stenosis is below 50%. They even comment, The reason for this difference is not yet clear.It is more than likely that the cerebral circulation has not adjusted itself to this borderline extracranial occlusion and it is this lack of adequate collateral circulation
Diarrhea, Malnutrition, Euglycemia, and Fuel for Thought
Authors: Morey W. Haymond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Normal circulating glucose concentrations (euglycemia) are maintained by a number of control mechanisms that balance the rates at which glucose enters from the gastrointestinal tract, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis with the rate of glucose use. Hypoglycemia occurs a priori when the rate at which glucose disappears from the plasma exceeds the rate at which it appears. In most circumstances this happens in the fasting state, when plasma insulin concentrations are low; glucose is therefore used primarily by insulin-independent tissues, the most important of which is the brain. In contrast to nonesterified fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids, glucose has a . . .
Genetic Screening: Whose Responsibility?
Authors: Peter T. Rowley
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Genetic screening offers the possibility of reducing the suffering due to genetic defects. For the foreseeable future, genetic screening by lay or governmental organizations can do only a small part of the job needed. Hence, the major responsibility falls on the personal physician. A careful family history is the best single genetic screening device. Discussing genetic risks with patients requires careful attention to the patient's difficulties in understanding the concept of probability, his psychological defense reactions, and differences in individual values. For complex cases, help is available in your region.
Effectiveness of Drug Education Programs for Secondary School Students
Authors: SUE C. WEAVER, FOREST S. TENNANT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug education program, an intensive and costly three-week drug education course was given to 452 eighth-grade students. A similar group of eighth-graders who received minimal drug education served as controls. While the students in the experimental group demonstrated superior knowledge of drugs, there was no significant reduction in their drug taking. A follow-up survey of the experimental students done nine months later revealed that their drug use increased despite the intensive program.
The Spine: A Radiological Text and Atlas
Authors: Luther W. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This third edition of a text on the spine has been extensively revised while maintaining the same order of previous presentations. Some photographs and illustrations have been eliminated and 324 new ones added, including studies of the anatomic preparations to show the areas of interest better and in greater detail. The text makes each presentation within the framework of the etiology, pathology, and radiological findings. The most outstanding sections are those on myelography, cineradiography, cinemyelography, angiography, and gas applications to myelography. These studies are demonstrated for their value in appraising the upper cervical spinal canal and the posterior cranial fossa. Cineradiography and cinemyelography, particularly, have widened the scope of radiological examinations. The author also describes in detail a technique utilizing myelography to facilitate removing contrast material from the spinal canal by the syphon technique. This is an exceptional book which deals fully with the vertebral column and its contents and
MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY STATISTICS
Authors: Julius Levy
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I should like to call attention to a common fallacy in the presentation of mortality and morbidity statistics, which is illustrated again by an article by Grulee, Sanford and Herron on breast and artificial feeding inThe Journal, September 8. The fallacy consists in reporting the mortality for a group under the supervision of an organization and then comparing it with the mortality of the city or state or nation as a whole. In this article, for instance, it is stated that the mortality for the group under the care of the Infant Welfare Society of Chicago was 11.1, which was less than one fourth of the infant mortality of the same region. Now the infant mortality of the same region is made up of all the deaths of infants from the very moment of birth. The mortality of the group under the supervision of the Infant
INCIDENCE AND IMPACT OF STENT THROMBOSIS DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: COMPARISON OF CANGRELOR AND CLOPIDOGREL FROM THE CHAMPION PHOENIX TRIAL
Authors: Philippe Genereux, Robert Harrington, Gregg Stone, Michael Gibson, Philippe Steg, Dominick Angiolillo, Matthew Price, Jayne Prats, Sorin Brener, Laura Lasalle, Tiepu Liu, Meredith Todd, Simona Skerjanec, Christian Hamm, Kenneth Mahaffey, Harvey White, Deepak Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
How to Live to Be 100: The Life-Style of the People of the Caucasus
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Despite its misleading title, this is a serious, significant book. The author, professor of anthropology at Hunter College, speaks Russian and was invited by the Soviet government to do anthropological fieldwork in the Caucasus. While there, she became interested in the many healthy, vigorous centenarians living in the mountain villages. With help from Soviet gerontologists and ethnographers, she studied the old people, their families, their way of life and then wrote this interesting, informal account of her observations. Although in most of the world few people live to be 100 years of age, and those who do are usually feeble, there are at least three places where many live and work well beyond the 100-year mark—the Andes of Ecuador, the Caucasus, and the land of the Hunzas (northern Pakistan and part of Sinkiang Province of China). Very little investigation of people in the latter area has been done, but the
Urinary Hyaluronan as a Marker for the Presence of Residual Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Carlo C. Passerotti, Alexandre Bonfim, João R.M. Martins, Marcos F. Dall’Oglio, Lucia O. Sampaio, Aline Mendes, Valdemar Ortiz, Miguel Srougi, Carl P. Dietrich, Helena B. Nader
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Pharmacist Participation on Physician Rounds and Adverse Drug Events in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lucian L. Leape
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Context Pharmacist review of medication orders in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been shown to prevent errors, and pharmacist consultation has reduced drug costs.However, whether pharmacist participation in the ICU at the time of drug prescribing reduces adverse events has not been studied. ObjectiveTo measure the effect of pharmacist participation on medical rounds in the ICU on the rate of preventable adverse drug events (ADEs) caused by ordering errors.Design Before-after comparison between phase 1 (baseline) and phase 2 (after intervention implemented) and phase 2 comparison with a control unit that did not receive the intervention.Setting A medical ICU (study unit) and a coronary care unit (control unit) in a large urban teaching hospital.Patients Seventy-five patients randomly selected from each of 3 groups: all admissions to the study unit from February 1, 1993, through July 31, 1993 (baseline) and all admissions to the study unit (postintervention) and control unit from October 1, 1994, through July 7, 1995.In addition, 50 patients were selected at random from the control unit during the baseline period.Intervention A senior pharmacist made rounds with the ICU team and remained in the ICU for consultation in the morning, and was available on call throughout the day. Main Outcome MeasuresPreventable ADEs due to ordering (prescribing) errors and the number, type, and acceptance of interventions made by the pharmacist.Preventable ADEs were identified by review of medical records of the randomly selected patients during both preintervention and postintervention phases.Pharmacists recorded all recommendations, which were then analyzed by type and acceptance. ResultsThe rate of preventable ordering ADEs decreased by 66% from 10.4 per 1000 patient-days (95% confidence interval [CI], 7-14) before the intervention to 3.5 (95% CI, 1-5; PϽ.001) after the intervention.In the control unit, the rate was essentially unchanged during the same time periods: 10.9 (95% CI, 6-16) and 12.4 (95% CI, 8-17) per 1000 patient-days.The pharmacist made 366 recommendations related to drug ordering, of which 362 (99%) were accepted by physicians. ConclusionsThe presence of a pharmacist on rounds as a full member of the patient care team in a medical ICU was associated with a substantially lower rate of ADEs caused by prescribing errors.Nearly all the changes were readily accepted by physicians.
Treatment of refractory undifferentiated acute myelogenous leukemia with all‐<i>trans</i>‐retinoic acid
Authors: Jennifer J. Griggs, Susan E. Henley, Jacob M. Rowe
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

A patient is described with undifferentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia refractory to two courses of daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside. Because some the myeloblasts developed morphologic features of promyelocytes, the patient was treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in an attempt to promote maturation. Cytogenetic studies and sensitive molecular analysis did not reveal any abnormality classically associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Serial bone marrow biopsies demonstrated myeloid maturation, and the patient uneventfully went into a sustained complete remission. A review of the literature confirms this to be an apparently hitherto undescribed response to ATRA that may have therapeutic implications in similar patients.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Patient Treated With Strontium-89 for Metastatic Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: ANDREW L. PASZKOWSKI, DAVID J. HEWITT, ANDREW TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Strontium-89 is effective in the palliation of bone pain caused by skeletal metastases. Its primary side effect is mild thrombocytopenia that typically recovers in 3 or 4 months. Subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation is reported to be present in approximately 10% to 20% of patients with advanced prostate cancer. These patients may be at increased risk for severe marrow depression after radionuclide therapy for bone pain palliation. This report describes a patient with painful bony metastases resulting from prostate carcinoma. He had a normal platelet count and no clinical evidence of a coagulation disorder at the time of strontium-89 therapy, and a severe disseminated intravascular coagulation developed and lead to death after treatment. A normal platelet count before strontium-89 therapy does not preclude subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation, and we support the Society of Nuclear Medicine's bone pain treatment procedure guideline that patients referred for bone palliation should be screened for disseminated intravascular coagulation before therapy.
Tuberculosis control in big cities and urban risk groups in the European Union: a consensus statement
Authors: N A van Hest, R W Aldridge, G de Vries, A Sandgren, B Hauer, A Hayward, W Arrazola de Oñate, W Haas, L R Codecasa, J A Caylà, A Story, D Antoine, A Gori, L Quabeck, J Jonsson, M Wanlin, À Orcau, A Rodes, M Dedicoat, F Antoun, H van Deutekom, S T Keizer, I Abubakar
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

In low-incidence countries in the European Union (EU), tuberculosis (TB) is concentrated in big cities, especially among certain urban high-risk groups including immigrants from TB high-incidence countries, homeless people, and those with a history of drug and alcohol misuse. Elimination of TB in European big cities requires control measures focused on multiple layers of the urban population. The particular complexities of major EU metropolises, for example high population density and social structure, create specific opportunities for transmission, but also enable targeted TB control interventions, not efficient in the general population, to be effective or cost effective. Lessons can be learnt from across the EU and this consensus statement on TB control in big cities and urban risk groups was prepared by a working group representing various EU big cities, brought together on the initiative of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. The consensus statement describes general and specific social, educational, operational, organisational, legal and monitoring TB control interventions in EU big cities, as well as providing recommendations for big city TB control, based upon a conceptual TB transmission and control model.
Lymphoma of the Superior Vena Cava Detected With FDG PET/CT
Authors: Vinay Ravi, Anne M. Silas, Alan Siegel, Marc Seltzer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Intravascular lymphoma is a well-recognized phenomenon that can have important clinical implications, particularly in locations such as the superior vena cava (SVC). The authors present a case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma within the SVC that was recognized on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). This process can easily be confused with hypermetabolic mediastinal adenopathy on PET/CT. Given the increasing importance of PET/CT for oncology imaging, it is very important for PET readers to be suspicious of disease within the SVC as this can cause unnecessary morbidity and mortality when unrecognized.
Carvedilol and its new analogs suppress arrhythmogenic store overload–induced Ca2+ release
Authors: Qiang Zhou, Jianmin Xiao, Dawei Jiang, Ruiwu Wang, Kannan Vembaiyan, Aixia Wang, Chris D Smith, Cuihong Xie, Wenqian Chen, Jingqun Zhang, Xixi Tian, Peter P Jones, Xiaowei Zhong, Ang Guo, Haiyan Chen, Lin Zhang, Weizhong Zhu, Dongmei Yang, Xiaodong Li, Ju Chen, Anne M Gillis, Henry J Duff, Heping Cheng, Arthur M Feldman, Long-Sheng Song, Michael Fill, Thomas G Back, S R Wayne Chen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Aspects of Neuro-ophthalmology
Authors: Joel G. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Most of the recent books on neuroophthalmology have been rather large treatises that delve into both clinical medicine and the pathophysiologic substrates of disease. The ten contributors to this book have combined their efforts to produce a practical guide to common clinical neuroophthalmologic problems. As is the case with most compendia by multiple authors, the quality of the chapters is variable. Some are excellent. Professor Hayreh's chapter on the anatomy and vascular pathology of the optic disk is a masterful summary of his important work. The section on the assessment of visual function in young children by Mr. Harcourt is an excellent exposition that could only come from an experienced clinician. Professor Fould's description of the toxic amblyopias is tidily done within a short space. The book is made less attractive because the authors do not seem to have shared a common concept of the readership. One of the chapters
Not always looking on the bright side of life
Authors: Ruth James
Journal: BMJ (2005)

performance on selected measures.Both regions are high performing, which may make it more difficult to identify marginal quality improvements.At a minimum, we can assert that electronic health records and the resulting effects on usage do not reduce the quality of care and may in fact increase appropriate use of healthcare services.We thank the many physicians, operations leaders, and analysts in the Kaiser Permanente Colorado and Northwest regions for their contribution to this study.In particular, we thank Homer Chin, Nan Robertson, and Marianne Gapinski for their sponsorship and insights and Jenni Green for advice and help in writing this article.