tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Invasion of the Central Nervous System by Treponema pallidum: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Sheila A. Lukehart, Edward W. Hook, Sharon A. Baker-Zander, Ann C. Collier, Cathy W. Critchlow, H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Treponema pallidum in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with syphilis, to determine the effect of concurrent HIV infection on central nervous system involvement by T. pallidum, and to examine the efficacy of conventional therapy for asymptomatic neurologic involvement. Patients: Fifty-eight patients with untreated syphilis who consented to lumbar puncture, representing approximately 10% of new cases of syphilis during the study period. Interventions: Lumbar puncture was done on all patients. Rabbit inoculation was used to test cerebrospinal fluid for viable T. pallidum. Patients with normal fluid received recommended benzathine penicillin therapy according to the stage of syphilis; patients with CSF abnormalities were offered 10-day therapy for neurosyphilis. Results: Treponema pallidum was isolated from the CSF of 12 (30%) of 40 patients (95% CI, 17 to 46) with untreated primary and secondary syphilis; isolation of T. pallidum was significantly associated (P = 0. 008) with the presence of two or more abnormal laboratory variables (among leukocyte count, protein concentration, and CSF-Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [VDRL] test). Two (67%) of 3 early latent (CI, 13 to 100) and 3 (20%) of 15 late latent syphilis patients (CI, 5 to 47) also had reactive CSF-VDRL tests and elevated cell and protein levels, although T. pallidum was not isolated. Concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was not associated with isolation of T. pallidum, increased number of CSF abnormalities, or reactive CSF serologic tests for syphilis, although CSF pleocytosis was commoner in subjects infected with HIV. Treatment with conventional benzathine penicillin G (2.4 mIU) failed to cure 3 of 4 patients with secondary syphilis from whom T. pallidum was isolated before therapy; all 3 patients in whom treatment failed were HIV seropositive when treated or seroconverted during follow-up. Conclusions: Central nervous system invasion by T. pallidum is common in early syphilis, and is apparently independent of HIV infection. Examination of the CSF may be beneficial in patients with early syphilis, and therapy should be guided by knowledge of central nervous system involvement. Conventional benzathine penicillin G therapy may have reduced efficacy in patients with early syphilis who are also infected with HIV.
A critical role for Lyn kinase in strengthening endothelial integrity and barrier function
Authors: Jingyan Han, Guoying Zhang, Emily J. Welch, Ying Liang, Jian Fu, Stephen M. Vogel, Clifford A. Lowell, Xiaoping Du, David A. Cheresh, Asrar B. Malik, Zhenyu Li
Journal: Blood (2013)
Different Effects of a High-Cholesterol Diet on Ischemic Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling Induced by Coronary Stenosis and Coronary Occlusion
Authors: Hiroyuki Yaoita, Kazuyuki Yoshinari, Kazuhira Maehara, Masahito Sando, Kenichi Watanabe, Yukio Maruyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
An inspectorate for the health service?
Authors: J. Oldham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Imagine yourself being listed for a day case procedure, organising work and home around the date, arriving anxiously at the ward only to be turned away. The reason? Your body mass index does not meet that hospital's criteria. This happened last week to one of our patients. The clinical decision may have been correct but the process of care failed. It is the cumulative effect of such instances together with knowledge of the wide variation that exists in clinical outcomes for similar cohorts of patients1 2 that has led to political demands for an office of standards in health (Ofsthealth)—an inspectorate of health services linked to the development of national standards, similar to that which exists for education.3

Inequalities in access to care, the experience of that care, and the outcomes associated with it are just as unacceptable as inequalities in resource distribution. The cost of poor quality is a haemorrhage of scarce resources, largely untracked and ignored in the cry for more money for the NHS. The ambition to place quality at …
AIDS, Zinc Deficiency, and Thymic Hormone Failure
Authors: N. Fabris, E. Mocchegiani, M. Galli, L. Irato, A. Lazzarin, M. Moroni
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —It has been proposed that thymic secretory function, as assessed by determining levels of circulating thymulin—like activity,<sup>1</sup>is greatly reduced in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex.<sup>2,3</sup>In fact, in both young<sup>3</sup>and adult<sup>2</sup>patients, levels of circulating thymulin, as measured by the rosette inhibition bioassay, are either undetectable or below the values found in age-matched healthy subjects. These findings have been interpreted as showing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—induced injury of the thymic epithelial cells that synthesize and release thymic hormones.<sup>4</sup> Since thymulin is biologically active, and therefore measurable by bioassay only when the nonapeptide thymulin is bound to a zinc ion,<sup>5</sup>a reduced circulating level may depend not only on defective production by the thymus, but also on decreased zinc binding, as might occur in zinc deficiencies.<sup>6</sup>In these conditions, inactive, zinc—unbound thymulin molecules are found
Predictors of Event-Free Survival after Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty
Authors: Richard E. Kuntz, Anna N.A. Tosteson, Aaron D. Berman, Lee Goldman, Paul C. Gordon, Bradley M. Leonard, Raymond G. McKay, Daniel J. Diver, Robert D. Safian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty was developed as an alternative to aortic-valve replacement in selected elderly patients with aortic stenosis. The use of this procedure is limited, however, by a high incidence of re-Stenosis.
945. Prevention of Onset of Parkinson's Disease by In Vivo Gene Transfer of Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Rodent and Primate Model
Authors: Hiromi Koike, Akihiko Ishida, Munehisa Shimamura, Naoyuki Sato, Takuya Hayashi, Ryuichi Morishita
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The ultimate treatment of PD is to protect dopaminergic neurons from degenerative process. As neurotrophic factors have been shown to support the survival and enhance the function of dopaminergic neurons, gene therapy using neurotrophic factors such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor becames center of interests. In the present study, we focused on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a novel neurotrophic and angiogenic growth factor that is a well-known potent pleiotrophic cytokine exhibiting mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic activities in a variety of cells.
Abstract LB-109: Identification of novel keratin fusion in squamous cell carcinomas.
Authors: Jack Cheng, Ming-Tsung Lai, Shan-Chih Lee, Chun-Chin Chao, Chih-Mei Chen, Ka-Lok Ng, Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Genetic instability is a hallmark during cancer development, such that gene fusions frequently occur when chromosomal translocation joins different genes. A variety of gene fusions have been identified in cancer, some of them are well known biomarkers for cancer diagnostic or chemotherapy targets. Our preliminary study uncovered novel gene fusions joining type I and II keratins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by pair-end RNA-seq transcriptome study. This finding was further validated by dual-color FISH and Sanger sequencing following nested PCR. Keratins form imtermediate filaments in a cell with equal-molar pairing of type I and II keratins, which maintain cell integrity under mechanical stresses and regulate adhesion and migration activity. Although keratins have been known as biomarkers in different types of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), their functions in cancer development remain controversial. Interestingly, we detected the presence of keratin fusion in early-stage cancer specimens, suggesting the involvement of keratin fusion in carcinogenesis. Although sample size was limited, we found the presence of some keratin fusion variants exclusive to late-stage cancer specimens, which suggest the correlation of keratin fusion with cancer development. Besides OSCC, we also identified keratin fusion in esophageal, nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma in our preliminary study, which may suggest keratin fusion as a common driving mechanism among SCCs. Citation Format: Jack Cheng, Ming-Tsung Lai, Shan-Chih Lee, Chun-Chin Chao, Chih-Mei Chen, Ka-Lok Ng, Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu. Identification of novel keratin fusion in squamous cell carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-109. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-109
Chylopericardium, chylothorax, and hypobetalipoproteinaemia.
Authors: P T Wilmshurst, J P Burnie, P R Turner, A Kubie
Journal: BMJ (1986)

hormone this may help to explain the association of cigarette smoking with various menstrual disorders, including an early menopause.2Thus smoking may have hormonal effects due, at least partly, to an increased release of dopamine.I Baron JA.Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's Disease.Neuroloy 4NY) (in press).2 Andersson K, Fuxe K, Eneroth P, Mascagni F, Agnati LF.Effects of acute intermittent exposure to cigarette smoke on catecholamine levels and turnover in various types of hypothalamic DA and NA nerve terminal systems as well as on the secretion of adenohypophvseal hormones and corticosterone. .
PUBLIC TURKISH BATHS NEEDED.
Authors: CHAS. H. SHEPARD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The action of the New York Board of Health in appropriating $30,000 for applying the discovery of antitoxin in the treatment of diphtheria, encourages the hope that in the near future the public mind may be quickened to recognize its opportunities and its necessities in other and broader fields. It is time to appreciate the fact that we are our "brother's keeper," and that whatever works harm to him reacts upon ourselves. This action of the Health Board also indicates a growth in public sentiment that will encourage and sustain important measures for the public welfare. It is a moral duty as well as a principle of public polity, in all civilized countries, to protect the people from the invasion of infectious disease, and it would be very short-sighted to stop at mere infection. The use of antitoxin is only to supply a temporary exigency. It does not purify the
Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines in Young Children — How Do They Compare?
Authors: Nancy J. Cox, Carolyn Buxton Bridges
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Two quite different influenza vaccines are now licensed for use in the United States — a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine that is administered intramuscularly and a live attenuated influenza vaccine that is administered by means of a nasal spray. The trivalent inactivated vaccine was first licensed for use in military populations during the 1940s. Recommendations for its use have expanded over the years to include groups at high risk for complications from influenza infection and their close contacts, including health care personnel, and recently also to include young children from 6 to 59 months of age and household contacts and . . .
Doctors protest at transfer of out of hours service to private contractor
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two hundred London doctors have sent an open letter to England’s health secretary, Andrew Lansley, the capital’s mayor, Boris Johnson, and local MPs to protest at the transfer of a local, GP led out of hours service to a private contractor.

The letter’s signatories, who include doctors working for the service, Camidoc, and some who use it, claim that the decision to hand over out of hours provision to the for-profit company Harmoni will increase the cost of care and that safety and quality may be put at risk.

They also claim that the main reason given for the move—Camidoc’s financial viability—was largely created by the consortium of commissioning primary care trusts (Camden; Islington; City and Hackney; and Haringey) that chronically underfunded it.

Harmoni, which was awarded a nine month interim contract in July and started operating on 1 September, provides emergency care and out of hours services to more than nine million patients across England.

A briefing posted last week on the website of the lead primary care trust, NHS Camden, said that Camidoc had emerged in March as the …
The Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Insulin (recombinant DNA) in Patients with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Study with Purified Porcine Insulin
Authors: Daniel C Howey, S Edwin Fineberg, Phyllis A Nolen, Margaret I Stone, Reid G Gibson, Naomi S Fineberg, John A Galloway
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

The therapeutic efficacy of human insulin (recombinant DNA) was compared with that of purified porcine insulin (PPI) in seven male subjects with previously treated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In a random crossover design the patients received either PPI or human insulin during one of two consecutive 7-day periods of intensive insulin therapy. Control was evaluated on days 6 and 13. Tissue sensitivity and responsiveness to the study insulins were determined by insulin dose-response studies performed using the euglycemic glucose clamp on days 7 and 14. Insulin dose and all measures of control on days 6 and 13 were not statistically different between treatments. When the insulin dose-response studies during each treatment were compared there were no differences between them. Thus, in previously treated patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, undergoing brief but intensive insulin therapy with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, human insulin is as clinically efficacious as PPI. Furthermore, insulin sensitivity and responsiveness, as assessed by dose-response studies during the euglycemic glucose clamp were equivalent for both insulins.
Listen! The Value of Public Engagement in Pandemic Ethics
Authors: J. Eline Garrett, Dorothy E. Vawter, Angela Witt Prehn, Debra A. DeBruin, Karen G. Gervais
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

We commend Baum and colleagues (2009) for undertaking a much-needed exploratory examination of public opinion concerning social distancing during a pandemic. We concur with Baum and colleagues and ...
Many Sleepless Nights: The World of Organ Transplantation
Authors: Robert E. McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1989)

'We Have  Donor': The Bold New World of Organ Transplantation, by Mark Dowie, 242 pp, $16.95, New York, St Martin's Press, 1988.   book is fascinating, my secretary, an ex-schoolteacher, reported upon browsing through Lee Gutkind'sMany Sleepless Nights. The book deals with the surgeons, scientists, and immunologists, their history and devotion  achieving, in the words of one, just  goddamn miracle that they made possible. The new generation of beneficiary surgeons may see a slow transition from the lifesaving procedures of the 'God Squad, ' as the transplant team at the University of Pittsburgh is dubbed, to enhancing life quality.  This book is  narrative not only of those many pioneers who made transplantation possible but also of the patients and their families, of their suffering, anguish waiting for an organ, frustrations and hostility when an organ goes  another recipient or the donor is not the right
Evolution of a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Shingo Kawasaki, Tatsuya Kawasaki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

An 84-year-old man with a history of gastric cancer and hypertension was admitted to the emergency department in shock after loss of consciousness. Ten years earlier he had been given a diagnosis of a thoracic aortic aneurysm, 56 mm in diameter, and had declined surgical treatment. Although the aneurysm had increased in size over the decade — as documented at various years of age on computed tomographic (CT) studies — and had reached 98 mm in diameter, he had been asymptomatic until the current episode. CT scans revealed a rupturing aneurysm involving the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta. . . .
ECFMG examinations. United States citizen candidate performance
Authors: A. C. McGuinness
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Henry R. Mason, in studies conducted in the fall of 1969, reported in a written communication (Feb 6, 1970) that an estimated 2,843 US citizens (including approximately 500 Puerto Ricans) were attending medical school in 16 medical schools visited by him in Belgium, Italy, Mexico, Spain, and Switzerland. While the largest numbers of American citizens attending medical schools abroad attend those visited by Mason, a lesser number of Americans attend medical schools in other European countries. Although precise figures are not presently available, the total number of Americans studying medicine abroad may be in the range of 3,500 to 4,000.  Beginning in 1969, the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates has published in the Annual State Board Number of the Journal of the American Medical Association (now known as the Medical Licensure Number) 1,2 a tabulation showing the number of candidates from each medical school who took the examinations of
Abstract 4726: Prostate cancer risk profiles based on 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms, age, and family history
Authors: Peter Kraft, Sara Lindstrom
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over two dozen loci associated with risk of prostate cancer in men of European ancestry. Although much work remains to be done to identify the causal alleles at these loci and understand their function, the current set of GWAS-identified marker alleles could be used to predict individualized risks of prostate cancer diagnosis, which might then be used to inform individuals’ screening and treatment choices. However, despite initial optimism about their clinical utility, genetic risk profiles for prostate cancer have had low discriminatory and predictive power. We evaluated the performance of various risk models based on an expanded set of 24 SNPs known to alter prostate cancer risk in 9,109 prostate cancer cases and 9,045 matched controls from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). As we found no evidence of pairwise gene-gene interactions, we considered two models for the log odds of disease which assume additivity across loci: a simple sum of risk alleles carried and a step function by deciles of the weighted allele sum. Using the allele sum model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.598. Adding information about family history increased this estimate to 0.612. We observed no difference in AUC estimates when stratifying for age of onset (AUCs: ≤60 years: 0.603, 60-70 years: 0.604, 70-80 years: 0.593, &amp;gt;80 years: 0.552). Per-allele increases in the odds of diagnosis with stage C or D cancer were similar to those for stages A and B (p=0.96), but the multiplicative increase in odds for high grade cancer (Gleason &amp;gt; 7) for each risk allele was attenuated by a factor of 0.97 relative to low grade cancer (p=0.03). We observed no interaction between family history of prostate cancer and number of risk alleles carried (P=0.83) Compared to the 10th percentile, men in the highest 90th percentile are at a 3.6-fold risk (95% CI: 3.2-4.2) of developing prostate cancer assuming an allele sum model and at a 3.8-fold risk (95% CI: 3.3-4.3) assuming a weighted allele sum model. These scores can be used to estimate absolute risks of prostate cancer. For example, the risk that a 40-year old European-ancestry man in the highest decile of genetic risk and a family history of prostate cancer will be diagnosed with prostate cancer by age 50 0.67%, or about 2.5 times the average. These risks could be used by individual men when weighing the benefits and risks of prostate cancer screening, although we caution that our predicted risks require external calibration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4726.
Abstract 2471: Epicardial-side Conduction During Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation; Prevalence, Significance, and a Novel Sign ‘Sigmoid Pattern’ of Halo Catheter on the Tricuspid Annulus
Authors: Tamio Nakajima, Taku Nishida, Hiroyuki Sugimoto, Satoshi Okayama, Makoto Watanabe, Masaki Naito, Shiro Uemura, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) in patients with common atrial flutter is well established. However, difficulties in the creation of the block line can be en...
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor gene expression in human monocytes.
Authors: E Sariban, K Imamura, R Luebbers, D Kufe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene expression was investigated in resting human monocytes and in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) activated monocytes. TNF transcripts were undetectable in resting monocytes. However, in TPA-activated monocytes, TNF mRNA was first detectable by 3 h and reached maximal levels by 12 h of drug exposure. Using run-on transcription assays, the TNF gene was transcriptionally inactive in resting monocytes, but was rapidly activated after TPA exposure. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX), had no detectable effect on levels of TNF transcripts in resting monocytes, while this agent superinduced the level of TNF mRNA by 50-fold in TPA-activated cells. TPA activated monocytes were also exposed to actinomycin D and/or CHX to determine whether transcriptional or posttranscriptional control of TNF gene expression was responsible for the induction of TNF transcripts. After 1 h of actinomycin D treatment, the amount of TNF transcripts was reduced by 75%. In contrast, no difference in TNF mRNA levels was observed in TPA-activated monocytes exposed to CHX alone or CHX in combination with actinomycin D. These findings indicated that CHX prevented the degradation of TNF mRNA by inhibiting the synthesis of a labile protein. Run-on transcription assays performed on cells exposed to either TPA or the combination of TPA and CHX further indicated that CHX treatment increased transcription of the TNF gene. Thus, TNF gene expression is controlled at the transcriptional level in resting human monocytes, while both transcriptional and posttranscriptional events regulate the level of TNF transcripts in TPA-activated cells.
Morals, beliefs, and counterfactuals
Authors: Vittorio Girotto, Luca Surian, Michael Siegal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract We have found that moral considerations interact with belief ascription in determining intentionality judgment. We attribute this finding to a differential availability of plausible counterfactual alternatives that undo the negative side-effect of an action. We conclude that Knobe's thesis does not account for processes by which counterfactuals are generated and how these processes affect moral evaluations.
Role of nitric oxide in the synthesis of guanidinosuccinic acid, at activator of the N-methyl-d-asparate receptor
Authors: Kazumasa Aoyagi, Siranoush Shahrzad, Satomi Iida, Chie Tomida, Aki Hirayama, Sohji Nagase, Katsumi Takemura, Akio Koyama, Shoji Ohba, Mitsuharu Narita, Burton D. Cohen
Journal: Kidney International (2001)