tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sequential evaluation of pulmonary function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with nasal polyposis: a prospective study.
Authors: C Lamblin, I Tillie-Leblond, J Darras, F Dubrulle, D Chevalier, E Cardot, T Perez, B Wallaert, J J Piquet, A B Tonnel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Nasal polyposis (NP) is commonly associated with nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and/or asthma. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the changes of pulmonary function and BHR in patients with nasal polyposis. Forty-four consecutive patients with NP were included in the study and were followed for 12 mo. Nonspecific BHR was assessed by a carbachol challenge test to determine the provocating dose (PD20) necessary to decrease FEV1 by 20% from baseline values; 17 of 22 patients who demonstrated BHR also exhibited asthma. Spirometric measurements and carbachol challenge were performed before initiating any treatment and 12 mo later. All patients were treated first with beclomethasone (600 microg/d). Intranasal ethmoidectomy was performed in 23 patients who did not improve when treated with topical steroids alone (nonresponders); in contrast, 21 patients were successfully treated with beclomethasone alone (responders). PD20 significantly decreased in the group of nonresponders (p = 0.018), whereas it remained unchanged in responders (p = 0.95). FEV1 (% pred) and FEF25-75 (% pred) significantly decreased in nonresponders (p < 0.001), whether BHR existed or not, whereas no significant change was observed in responders. Our results demonstrate that nonresponders who required nasal surgery exhibited an enhancement of BHR and a slight but significant decrease of FEV1 and FEF25-75 values. However, no change in pulmonary symptoms and/or asthma severity occurred. Clinical and functional follow-up of these patients should assess the long-term evolution of these parameters and their clinical relevance.
Physician's Guide to Air Pollution
Authors: Melvin I. Weisburd
Journal: JAMA (1963)

There is now no longer any doubt among most medical investigators that air pollution is a medical problem in terms of the millions of persons exposed, the subtlety and variety of its effects, and its tendency to worsen with increasing urbanization. Specific etiological manifestations of air pollution are presently beyond routine methods of clinical detection and management, except in accidental exposures to high concentrations or disaster episodes. It is obvious, however, that patients can no longer be treated apart from their environment. Even in his practice, the physician must take into account the possible effects of air pollution: Is air pollution aggravating illness? Under what conditions should a patient with a critical respiratory ailment be advised to move to another location? To what location? In making such decisions, the physician must interpret both endogenous and exogenous factors— the patient and the environment in which he lives. The physician should be
Liver macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity toward mastocytoma cells involves phagocytosis of tumor targets
Authors: Carol R. Gardner, Arthur J. Wasserman, Debra L. Laskin
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity toward tumor cells usually involves extracellular lysis of the targets. In this study, we report that liver macrophages from rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg, intravenous) also kill certain tumor cell targets by phagocytosis. Liver macrophages were coincubated with P815 mouse mastocytoma cells for 24 to 72 hr at an effector/target ratio of 10:1. Macrophage phagocytosis was characterized by flow cytometry and by light and electron microscopy. For flow-cytometric studies, P815 cells were prelabeled with the fluorescent dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate. We found that coincubation of macrophages with labeled targets resulted in a time-dependent increase in macrophage-associated fluorescence, reaching a maximum at 72 hr. This correlated with light-microscopic observations of increased numbers of tumor cells in the macrophages and enhanced macrophage surface area and density. Electron microscopic studies revealed that the initial event in the phagocytic process involved the capture of P815 cells by the pseudopodia of the macrophages. Target cells were then surrounded by lamellipodia, internalized in phagosomes and destroyed. These data, together with previous studies, provide evidence for multiple mechanisms of cytotoxicity mediated by activated liver macrophages.
Increased renal secretion of norepinephrine and prostaglandin E2 during sodium depletion in the dog.
Authors: J A Oliver, J Pinto, R R Sciacca, P J Cannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

To determine whether vasoactive renal hormones modulate renal blood flow during alterations of sodium balance, simultaneous measurements of arterial and renal venous concentrations of norepinephrine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and of plasma renin activity, as well as renal blood flow and systemic hemodynamics were carried out in 24 sodium-depleted and 28 sodium-replete anesthetized dogs. The mean arterial blood pressure of the sodium depleted dogs was not significantly different from that of the animals fed a normal sodium diet, but cardiac output was significantly lower (3.07 +/- 0.18 vs. 3.77 +/- 0.17 liters/min, mean +/- SEM; P < 0.01). Despite the higher total peripheral vascular resistance in the sodium-depleted dogs (46.1 +/- 2.9 vs. 37.0 +/- 2.1 arbitrary resistance U; P < 0.02), the renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance were not significantly different in the two groups. The arterial plasma renin activity and concentration of norepinephrine were higher in the sodium-depleted animals than in the controls; the arterial concentration of PGE2 was equal in both groups. The renal venous plasma renin activity was higher in the sodium-depleted dogs. Similarly, the renal venous norepinephrine concentration was higher in the sodium-depleted dogs than in the controls (457 +/- 44 vs. 196 +/- 25 pg/ml; P < 0.01); renal venous PGE2 concentration was also higher in the sodium depleted dogs (92 +/- 22 vs. 48 +/- 11 pg/ml; P < 0.01). Administration of indomethacin to five sodium-replete dogs had no effect on renal blood flow. In five sodium-depleted dogs indomethacin lowered renal blood flow from 243 +/- 19 to 189 +/- 30 ml/min (P < 0.05) and PGE2 in renal venous blood from 71 +/- 14 to 15 +/- 2 pg/ml (P < 0.02). The results indicate that moderate chronic sodium depletion, in addition to enhancing the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, also increases the activity of the renal adrenergic nervous system and increases renal PGE2 synthesis. In sodium-depleted dogs, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis was associated with a significant decrease in renal blood flow. The results suggest that the renal blood flow is maintained during moderate sodium depletion by an effect of the prostaglandins to oppose the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II and the renal sympathetic nervous system.
Prevention of AIDS Transmission Through Screening of the Blood Supply
Authors: Susan A. Galel, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Edgar G. Engleman
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1995)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Regulation of Bone Formation
Authors: Lawrence G. Raisz, Barbara E. Kream
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

DURING the past two decades our ideas about the regulation of bone formation have been expanded by new findings at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level. At the molecular level we have learned how collagen, the major component of bone matrix, is synthesized, and we have identified several noncollagen proteins in bone. At the cellular level we have learned more about the hormonal control of the osteoblasts that synthesize bone matrix. At the tissue level the concept of coupling between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation in bone remodeling has provided a new way to describe the relation between . . .
Stress Affects Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Immune Cells
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Validation of insulin sensitivity surrogate indices and prediction of clinical outcomes in individuals with and without impaired renal function
Authors: Ting Jia, Xiaoyan Huang, Abdul R. Qureshi, Hong Xu, Johan Ärnlöv, Bengt Lindholm, Tommy Cederholm, Peter Stenvinkel, Ulf Risérus, Juan J. Carrero
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Prescriptions for elderly people vary widely across US
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of premature death in young people aged 5–29 years in the WHO European Region. The Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020 was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010 to reduce the global toll of road traffic injuries by 2020. <h3>Methods</h3> This fact sheet describes the status of road safety in 52 out of the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region, representing 95% of the Region’s population. Experts from several sectors in each country reached consensus to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Furthermore, an independent expert analysis of national legislative documents was conducted. <h3>Results</h3> In 2013, there were almost 85 000 deaths from road traffic injuries in the WHO European Region. Although the regional mortality rate is the lowest when compared to other WHO regions, with 9.3 deaths per 100 000 population, there are wide disparities in the rates of road traffic deaths between countries of the Region. This requires more systematic efforts if the global target of a 50% reduction in road crash deaths is to be achieved by 2020. Laws and practices on key risk factors such as regulating speed appropriate to road type, drink–driving, and use of seat belts, motorcycle helmets and child restraints are assessed to reduce the risk of road traffic injury. While 95% of the population in the Region is covered by comprehensive laws in line with best practice for seat belts, only 47% of the population is adequately protected by laws for speed, 45% for helmet use, 33% for drink–driving and 71% for use of child restraints. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Many countries need to further strengthen their road safety legislation and enforcement in order to protect their populations, improve road user behaviour and reduce the number of crashes. Much can be gained from improving the safety of vehicles, having better road infrastructure and promoting sustainable physically active forms of mobility as alternatives to car use. Concerted policy efforts with systems approaches are needed to protect all road users in the Region.
Phenformin, Hypoglycemia and Lactic Acidosis
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson, William R. Bozarth, David R. Challoner, Charles J. Goodner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ALTHOUGH phenformin therapy has been associated with lactic acidosis,1 2 3 4 5 6 hypoxemia or circulatory failure, either of which can cause this syndrome, has usually been present. To date there are no specific reports of hypoglycemia secondary to the use of phenformin although the presence of hypoglycemia was simply mentioned in 1 of the case histories of lactic acidosis.5 The purpose of this paper is to describe hypoglycemia and probable lactic acidosis after ingestion of phenformin∥ in an attempted suicide.Case ReportA 44-year-old married woman was admitted to the emergency ward of King County Hospital after a seizure. She was unresponsive, with . . .
Separate domains of AID are required for somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination
Authors: Reiko Shinkura, Satomi Ito, Nasim A Begum, Hitoshi Nagaoka, Masamichi Muramatsu, Kazuo Kinoshita, Yoshimasa Sakakibara, Hiroko Hijikata, Tasuku Honjo
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Complications of Ventriculovenous Shunts for Control of Hydrocephalus
Authors: Jacqueline A. Noonan, Dorothy A. Ehmke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SINCE 1957, when Pudenz et al.1 successfully shunted cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebral ventricles into the right atrium, a large number of patients have been subjected to ventriculovenous shunts. Various types of valves to allow unidirectional flow have been devised. The catheter attached to the inflow end of the valve is placed in the lateral ventricle, and the outflow catheter placed either in the right atrium or at the junction of the superior vena cava with the right atrium. The control of hydrocephalus with this form of shunting procedure has had wide use and is considered by many neurosurgeons2 to . . .
Quantum dots-based immunofluorescence technology for the quantitative determination of HER2 expression in breast cancer
Authors: Chuang Chen, Jun Peng, He-Shun Xia, Gui-Fang Yang, Qiong-Shui Wu, Liang-Dong Chen, Li-Bo Zeng, Zhi-Ling Zhang, Dai-Wen Pang, Yan Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Diagnosing brain death without a neurologist
Authors: H. Baumgartner
Journal: BMJ (2002)

> “death hath ten thousand several doors
> 
> For men to take their exits.”
> 
> John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi , 16121

When nature takes its course the heart stops beating or the lungs stop breathing as a sequence of events unfolds, ending with death eventually overcoming the last cells of our bodies. The vast majority of the world's people leave life through doors marked “death from natural causes.” During the last decades some new doors for death have been opened by medical progress and by the law. Palliative medicine strives to ease the final step over the threshold, extending the physician's traditional role by using modern medicine.2 In some places, two other doors have recently been unlocked: medically assisted suicide has been legalised in the Netherlands, the American state of Oregon, and Belgium, and euthanasia has been legalised in the Netherlands and Belgium. Knocking at the doors of (medically) assisted suicide has not met with success in the US Supreme Court3 nor in the European Court of Human Rights.4

Modern medicine has also given us tools as never before to oppose death. If this battle is lost, defeat reveals yet another aspect of death. Let us consider that brain functions fail to the point …
Abstract 4512: A novel orally-bioavailable salicylic acid-based small molecular Stat3 inhibitor suppress growth of human breast tumor xenografts
Authors: Xiaolei Zhang, Brent D.G. Page, Peibin Yue, Steven Fletcher, Wei Zhao, Patrick Gunning, James Turkson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract With the critical role of aberrantly active Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat) 3 protein in many human cancers, selective small molecular inhibitors targeting the dimerization event would be valuable as therapeutic agents and as chemical probes to clarify the complex biological functions of Stat3. By computational and structural analyses of the interaction between Stat3 and the lead dimerization disruptor, S3I-201.1066, we have designed a diverse set of analogs. We present evidence from in vitro studies that BP-1-102, a structural analog of S3I-201.1066, directly interacts with Stat3, with an affinity (KD) of 504 nM, inhibits in vitro Stat3 DNA-binding activity, with IC50 of 6.8 μM, and selectively inhibits Stat3 activity in human and mouse tumor cell lines that harbor constitutively-active Stat3. By contrast, BP-1-102 has little or no effect on pShc, pJak, pSrc, and pErk levels. Furthermore, BP-1-102 significantly and specifically suppressed the viability, proliferation, and survival of same malignant cell lines harboring aberrant Stat3 at low concentration, with little or no effect on normal NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts or the mouse thymus epithelial stromal cells (TE-71) that do not harbor aberrant Stat3 activity. Furthermore, treatment of malignant cells harboring aberrant Stat3 activity with BP-1-102 down-regulated the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bcl-xL, Survivin, and VEGF, which are known Stat3-regulated genes. These results together strongly suggest the anti-tumor cell effects of BP-1-102 is largely dependent on the inhibition of aberrant Stat3 activity. Significantly, BP-1-102 induced strong antitumor response in mouse xenografts of human breast cancer when administered via intravenous or oral gavage. Our studies identify a novel small-molecule that binds with a high affinity to Stat3 and that blocks Stat3 activation and function, and thereby induces antitumor response in human breast tumor xenografts harboring aberrant Stat3. Key Words: Stat3 inhibitor, antitumor, xenograft, BP-1-102, S3I-201.1066 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4512. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4512
Allergic reactions to indoor air pollutants.
Authors: M H Karol
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Inhalation of airborne chemicals can result in allergic sensitization with episodic pulmonary responses occurring on subsequent exposures. Responses may occur in the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis), the lower respiratory tract (wheeze, bronchospasm) or systemically, for example, a febrile response. The mechanisms underlying these responses are not always clear but include production of reaginic antibody, activation of T-lymphocyte subsets, and release of spasmogenic and inflammatory mediators from pulmonary cell populations. A variety of agents have been associated with elicitation of these reactions including chemical vapors, dusts and particulates, and microbial organisms. As a result of the widespread occurrence of allergy in indoor environments, conditions conducive to development of allergy have received close attention. Agent-related factors include the nature of the chemical, its concentration, and the frequency and length of exposure to the agent. Host-related factors include the sex, age, and race of the host, as well as the general physical well being. The interactive nature of the host's immune system with the environment is the ultimate determinant of allergic disease.
Hypodopaminergic function influences learning and memory as well as delay gradients
Authors: Rosemary Tannock
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

the dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) proposes that hypodopaminergic functioning results in anomalous delay-of-reinforcement gradients in adhd, which in turn might account for many of the observed behavioral and cognitive characteristics. however, hyperdopaminergic functioning might also impair mnemonic representation of codes for spatial, motoric, and reward information and contribute to the purported shorter delay gradients in adhd.
The Christmas feast.
Authors: S G Rees, R R Holman, R C Turner
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Twenty two normal subjects and 13 maturity onset diabetic patients completed an observational study with repeated weighing and fasting blood tests from one month before to one month after Christmas. Over the Christmas period in all subjects an increase in weight was observed (mean 0.8 (SD 0.1) kg, p less than 0.001), which was maintained through January. This may signify an average additional 6000 kcal ingested. By three to six days after Christmas a slight but significant increase in fasting plasma triglyceride (p less than 0.03) and cholesterol (p less than 0.02) concentrations occurred, with a subsequent rise in glycosylated haemoglobin concentration (p less than 0.001). This study is not likely to affect any future Christmas.
The potential immunogenicity of the TK suicide gene does not prevent full clinical benefit associated with the use of TK-transduced donor lymphocytes in HSCT for hematologic malignancies
Authors: Catia Traversari, Sarah Marktel, Zulma Magnani, Patrizia Mangia, Vincenzo Russo, Fabio Ciceri, Chiara Bonini, Claudio Bordignon
Journal: Blood (2007)
Exposure to indoor background radiation and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage.
Authors: A Sperati, D D Abeni, C Tagesson, F Forastiere, M Miceli, O Axelson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We investigated whether exposure to indoor [gamma]-radiation and radon might be associated with enough free radical formation to increase urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a sensitive marker of DNA damage, due to a hydroxyl radical attack at the C8 of guanine. Indoor radon and [gamma]-radiation levels were measured in 32 dwellings for 6 months by solid-state nuclear track detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters, respectively. Urine samples for 8-OHdG determinations were obtained from 63 healthy adult subjects living in the measured dwellings. An overall tendency toward increasing levels of 8-OHdG with increasing levels of radon and [gamma]-radiation was seen in the females, presumably due to their estimated longer occupancy in the dwellings measured. Different models were considered for females, with the steepest slopes obtained for [gamma]-radiation with a coefficient of 0.500 (log nmol/l of 8-OHdG for each unit increase of [gamma]-radiation on a log scale) (p<0.01), and increasing to 0.632 (p = 0.035), but with larger variance, when radon was included in the model. In conclusion, there seems to be an effect of indoor radioactivity on the urinary excretion of 8-OHdG for females, who are estimated to have a higher occupancy in the dwellings measured than for males, for whom occupational and other agents may also influence 8-OHdG excretion. ree radicals; [gamma]-radiation; radon.