tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Genus Aeromonas in Human Bacteriology
Authors: Alexander von Graevenitz, Arthur H. Mensch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Thirty cases in which Aeromonas hydrophila and A. (Plesiomonas) shigelloides were cultured from human specimens are reported. Aeromonads are found in natural water sources and may be transmitted to man. A small percentage of the healthy population apparently carries the organisms in the intestine. Our cases and those of other authors suggest a connection between diarrheal disease and the presence of large numbers of aeromonads in the stool. The organisms can also cause cellulitis and septicemia. In 19 of our cases they were found together with other pathogens. Their role in hospital infections is still unclear. In vitro all strains tested were sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid and resistant to ampicillin. Most strains were also sensitive to tetracycline, streptomycin and colymycin. Sensitivity to erythromycin and cephalothin was erratic.
Book Review Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Guide to Clinical Management By Adam H. Balen, Gerard S. Conway, Roy Homburg, and Richard S. Legro. 211 pp., plus index, illustrated. Abingdon, England, Taylor &amp; Francis, 2005. $149.95. 1-84214-211-9
Authors: Robert J. Norman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Heat related mortality in warm and cold regions of Europe: observational study
Authors: W R Keatinge
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To assess heat related mortalities in relation to climate within Europe. <b>Design:</b> Observational population study. <b>Setting:</b> North Finland, south Finland, Baden-Württemberg, Netherlands, London, north Italy, and Athens. <b>Subjects:</b> People aged 65-74. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Mortalities at temperatures above, below, and within each region9s temperature band of minimum mortality. <b>Results:</b> Mortality was lowest at 14.3-17.3°C in north Finland but at 22.7-25.7°C in Athens. Overall the 3°C minimum mortality temperature bands were significantly higher in regions with higher than lower mean summer temperatures (P=0.027). This was not due to regional differences in wind speeds, humidity, or rain. As a result, regions with hot summers did not have significantly higher annual heat related mortality per million population than cold regions at temperatures above these bands. Mean annual heat related mortalities were 304 (95% confidence interval 126 to 482) in North Finland, 445 (59 to 831) in Athens, and 40 (13 to 68) in London. Cold related mortalities were 2457 (1130 to 3786), 2533 (965 to 4101), and 3129 (2319 to 3939) respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Populations in Europe have adjusted successfully to mean summer temperatures ranging from 13.5°C to 24.1°C, and can be expected to adjust to global warming predicted for the next half century with little sustained increase in heat related mortality. Active measures to accelerate adjustment to hot weather could minimise temporary rises in heat related mortality, and measures to maintain protection against cold in winter could permit substantial reductions in overall mortality as temperatures rise.
Authors' reply to Selvapatt and colleagues, Matthews and colleagues, Badrinath, and Ward and Lee
Authors: R. L. Koretz, K. W. Lin, J. P. A. Ioannidis, J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Selvapatt and colleagues made several points: large numbers of people are infected; birth cohort screening is cost effective; previously treated patients without severe fibrosis are unlikely to progress; sustained virological response improves quality of life; treatment reduces mortality; and newer agents have fewer side effects (last two also alluded to by Matthews and colleagues).1 2 3 The number of patients is not the issue, which is whether …
Combining Targeted Agents: Blocking the Epidermal Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathways
Authors: Alan Sandler, Roy Herbst
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Bevacizumab is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor. Erlotinib HCl is a reversible, highly selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Additionally, both agents have shown benefit in patients with previously treated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Preclinical data in xenograft models produced greater growth inhibition with the combination than with either agent alone. A phase I/II study in two centers examined combined erlotinib and bevacizumab treatment in patients with nonsquamous stage IIIB/IV NSCLC with one or more prior chemotherapy. In phase I, 150 mg/d erlotinib orally plus 15 mg/kg bevacizumab i.v. every 21 days was established as the phase II dose. A total of 40 patients were enrolled and treated in this study (34 patients at phase II dose): 21 were female, 30 had adenocarcinoma histology, 9 were never smokers, and 22 had two or more prior regimens. The most common adverse events were mild to moderate rash, diarrhea, and proteinuria. Preliminary data showed no pharmacokinetic interaction between erlotinib and bevacizumab. Eight patients (20.0%) had partial responses and 26 (65.0%) had stable disease as their best response. The median overall survival for the 34 patients treated at the phase II dose was 12.6 months, with progression-free survival of 6.2 months. Encouraging antitumor activity and safety of erlotinib plus bevacizumab support further development of this combination for patients with advanced NSCLC. A randomized phase II trial has been completed, and a phase III trial is ongoing.
A4-04: Anatomical basis of systematic bilateral mediastinal nodal dissection for n3 left lung cancer through median sternotomy
Authors: Shingo Ikeda, Enjo Hata, Toshiya Yokota, Ryouji Kawano, Youhei Tagawa, Fumitomo Sato, Keiichi Akita
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Household Exposures to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in a Wisconsin Cohort
Authors: Pamela Imm, Lynda Knobeloch, Carol Buelow, Henry A. Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is virtually universal in the United States. Although the uses of these chemicals as flame retardants in fabrics, foams, and plastics are well defined, human exposure pathways are not well understood.This study was designed to assess current PBDE body burdens and identify residential sources of exposure among 29 men and 15 women in 38 households.Portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzers were used to measure bromine levels in upholstered furnishings, bedding, vehicle interiors, and electronic devices. Vacuum cleaner contents, indoor air samples, and blood sera were analyzed for PBDE congeners using conventional gas chromatograph methods.Bromine levels varied widely within similar household items. The greatest range for upholstered items was found among vehicle seat cushions (7-30,600 ppm). For electronic devices, television sets ranged from 4 ppm to 128,300 ppm. Based on mixed effects modeling, adjusting for couple households, the bromine content in the participants' sleeping pillows and primary vehicle seat cushions were the strongest predictors of log lipid-adjusted blood serum PBDE concentrations (p-values = 0.005 and 0.03, respectively). The total pentaBDE congener levels found in dust samples and in passive air samples were not significant predictors of blood sera levels.This study demonstrates the usefulness of the portable XRF analyzer in identifying household items that may contribute to human exposure to PBDEs.
Senator Ribicoff's Report on Medical Malpractice
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

WITH very little advanced fanfare, Senator Abraham Ribicoff's Subcommittee on Executive Reorganization has released a 1060-page report on the growing menace to physicians and the American public of malpractice litigation, rising premiums for malpractice insurance coverage and their effects upon medical costs in this country.† The report concludes, "The situation threatens to become a national crisis."This is the first Congressional investigation of the medical malpractice problem in history. Senator Ribicoff, in his introduction to the report, calls attention to that fact and admits that the conclusions of the report can only be considered tentative. However, he offers them as . . .
The Passovoy Defect
Authors: Cecil Hougie, Richard A. McPherson, James E. Brown, Patricia L. Lakin-Thomas, Anthony Melaragno, Linda Aronson, Robert F. Baugh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We studied a coagulation abnormality present in 12 members of five kindreds who bruised easily and bled excessively after minor trauma. Their activated partial thromboplastin times were between 32 and 39 seconds (normal, 22.8 to 28.8 seconds). Prothrombin times, thrombin times, platelet-function tests and the levels of factors XII, XI, IX, VIII, prekallikrein and high-molecular-weight kininogen were normal. Within these kindreds inheritance of prolonged partial thromboplastin times followed an autosomal and probably dominant pattern. The prolonged thromboplastin times were corrected by normal plasma and by normal plasma adsorbed with celite, but there was no mutual correction between plasmas of the patients. These subjects shared a common defect in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation that we designate by the proband's surname, Passovoy. (N Engl J Med 298:1045–1048, 1978)
Beneficial effects of oxypurinol pretreatment in stunned, reperfused canine myocardium
Authors: H. H HOLZGREFE, J. K GIBSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

The mechanism of reperfusion induced injury in acutely ischaemic myocardium is controversial but may be connected with oxygen free radical generation. However, chronic allopurinol treatment has beneficial effects in ischaemic myocardium which are not due to its inhibition of xanthine oxidase induced oxygen free radical production. Allopurinol is rapidly metabolised to oxypurinol, so we have examined the effects of this compound on nutrient blood flow and contractility in a canine model of stunned, reperfused myocardium. Twenty anaesthetised dogs underwent 15 min of total circumflex artery occlusion followed by 15 min restricted reflow and 2 h full reflow. Posterior wall thickening was determined by sonomicrometry and expressed as % control function. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by microsphere technique and expressed in ml.min-1.g-1. Dogs in the treatment group (n = 10) received 25 mg.kg-1 oxypurinol as a 5 min left atrial infusion, 15 min prior to circumflex occlusion. Controls (n = 10) received a saline infusion. During occlusion mean circumflex pressure (17.6 v 18.2 mm Hg), endocardial flow [0.02(SEM 0.01) v 0.03(0.01) ml.min-1g-1], and area at risk [31.4(1.2%) v 34.6(2.4%)] were similar for both groups (control v treated respectively). Endocardial blood flow increased following acute administration of oxypurinol: 1.57(0.15) v 0.92(0.15) ml.min-1g-1 in control (vehicle) group, p less than 0.05. This effect persisted for the duration of the experiment, with a significant increase during early reflow: 1.83(0.32) v 0.74(.21), p = 0.03. There was also a marked increase in posterior wall function in the treated group, at 54.6(5.5)% v 5.1(8.4)% in the control group (p = 0.0003). These results show that pretreatment with oxypurinol protects acutely ischaemic myocardium, producing enhanced myocardial blood flow, diminished systolic bulge during occlusion, and markedly enhanced function recovery following reperfusion.
Metabolism of human femoral head cartilage in osteoarthrosis and subcapital fracture.
Authors: D Mitrovic, M Gruson, J Demignon, P Mercier, F Aprile, S De Seze
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The cell density and incorporation of 35SO4 and 3H-glycine into human articular cartilage from 8 osteoarthrotic and 7 normal (subcapital fracture) femoral heads were studied. It was found that osteoarthrotic cartilage incorporates on a per cell basis about twice as much 35SO4 and 2--5 times as much 3H-glycine as normal cartilage. There was no relationship between the intensity of incorporation and either the location of the cartilage (weight-bearing versus non weight-bearing areas) in normal cartilage or the degree of damage (normal-like, fibrillated, and ulcerated) in osteoarthrotic articular cartilage. In the latter tissue the increased synthetic capacity of the cells seems to be a diffuse rather than a localised process, for it was also found in cartilage from peripheral osteophytes. Histo-autoradiographic studies showed that the osteoarthrotic chondrocytes are metabolically hyperactive all over the femoral head, including wedge-shaped margins of the zone of exposed bone. These results support the hypothesis that much of the articular cartilage from osteoarthrotic femoral heads is of an immature chondroblastic type. It is suggested that de-novo synthesis of articular cartilage occurs during the process of regional remodelling of the femoral head, which would account for the observed hyperactivity.
St John's wort for depression--an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: K. Linde, G. Ramirez, C. D Mulrow, A. Pauls, W. Weidenhammer, D. Melchart
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate if extracts of Hypericum perforatum (St John9s wort) are more effective than placebo in the treatment of depression, are as effective as standard antidepressive treatment, and have fewer side effects than standard antidepressant drugs. <b>Design</b>: Systematic review and meta-analysis of trials revealed by searches. <b>Trials</b>: 23 randomised trials including a total of 1757 outpatients with mainly mild or moderately severe depressive disorders: 15 (14 testing single preparations and one a combination with other plant extracts) were placebo controlled, and eight (six testing single preparations and two combinations) compared hypericum with another drug treatment. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: A pooled estimate of the responder rate ratio (responder rate in treatment group/responder rate in control group), and numbers of patients reporting and dropping out for side effects. <b>Results</b>: Hypericum extracts were significantly superior to placebo (ratio = 2.67; 95% confidence interval 1.78 to 4.01) and similarly effective as standard antidepressants (single preparations 1.10; 0.93 to 1.31, combinations 1.52; 0.78 to 2.94). There were two (0.8%) drop outs for side effects with hypericum and seven (3.0%) with standard antidepressant drugs. Side effects occurred in 50 (19.8%) patients on hypericum and 84 (52.8%) patients on standard antidepressants. <b>Conclusion</b>: There is evidence that extracts of hypericum are more effective than placebo for the treatment of mild to moderately severe depressive disorders. Further studies comparing extracts with standard antidepressants in well defined groups of patients and comparing different extracts and doses are needed. <h3>Key messages</h3> There is evidence from randomised trials that such extracts are more effective than placebo for the treatment of depressive disorders, but it is not known whether they are more effective for certain disorders than others Current evidence is inadequate to establish whether hypericum is as effective as other antidepressants and if it has fewer side effects Additional trials should be conducted to compare hypericum with other antidepressants in well defined groups of patients; to investigate long term side effects; and to evaluate the relative efficacy of different preparations and doses
TRAIL/bortezomib cotreatment is potentially hepatotoxic but induces cancer-specific apoptosis within a therapeutic window
Authors: Ronald Koschny, Tom M. Ganten, Jaromir Sykora, Tobias L. Haas, Martin R. Sprick, Armin Kolb, Wolfgang Stremmel, Henning Walczak
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) represents a novel promising anticancer biotherapeutic. However, TRAIL-resistant tumor cells require combinatorial regimens to sensitize tumor but not normal cells for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Here, we investigated the mechanism of the synergistic antitumor effect of bortezomib in combination with TRAIL in hepatoma, colon, and pancreatic cancer cells in comparison to the toxicity in primary human hepatocytes (PHH). TRAIL cotreatment at high but clinically relevant concentrations of bortezomib caused toxicity in PHH which potentially limits the clinical applicability of bortezomib/TRAIL cotreatment. However, at low concentrations of bortezomib TRAIL-resistant hepatoma, colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines but not PHH were efficiently sensitized for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. RNA interference and TRAIL receptor blockage experiments revealed that in bortezomib-treated hepatoma cells TRAIL-R1/TRAIL-R2 up-regulation, enhanced TRAIL DISC formation and cFLIPL down-regulation in addition to accumulation of Bak cooperatively sensitized for TRAIL. Bim, although accumulated upon bortezomib treatment, did not play a causal role for TRAIL sensitization in Hep3b cells. Combined treatment with bortezomib and TRAIL massively reduced the clonogenic capacity of hepatoma cells in vitro. Surviving clones could be resensitized for repeated TRAIL treatment. Conclusion: Bortezomib/TRAIL cotreatment bears the risk of severe hepatotoxicity at high but clinically relevant concentrations of bortezomib. However, within a wide therapeutic window bortezomib sensitized different cancer cells but not PHH for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (Hepatology 2007;45:649–658.)
The Medical Annual: The Year Book of Treatment
Authors: Maxwell Finland
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The apparent success and popularity of this annual review of medicine, at least among physicians in Great Britain, are attested to by its continued publication for nearly a century. The editors have succeeded in enlisting 48 leading practitioners of medicine, surgery, and the specialties to provide sections on a complete array of subjects. Each has selected several contributions from the literature of the previous year and provided a concise summary with brief critical comments. For several of the 32 sections, which cover this large array of topics, there are both medical and surgical contributors. The material is selected primarily from the English literature, with from one to 32 references in each section; there are only six from journals in other languages (five German and one French). The preface calls attention to the special article by Keith Ball on the possibility of preventing coronary heart disease by a campaign of educating
p53 Expression Predicts Progression and Poor Survival in T1 Bladder Tumours
Authors: J. Llopis, A. Alcaraz, M.J. Ribal, M. Sol&eacute;, P.J. Ventura, M.A. Barranco, A. Rodriguez, J.M. Corral, P. Carretero
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Endothelins. Myocardial actions of a new class of cytokines.
Authors: B K Krämer, M Nishida, R A Kelly, T W Smith
Journal: Circulation (1992)

There is growing evidence to support the existence of a dynamic interaction in vivo between cardiac myocytes and adjacent microvascular endothelial cells in the regulation of both cardiac myocyte and possibly endothelial cell phenotype and function. Endothelins may be only one of several endogenous cytokines or autocoids that are released by the cardiac microvascular and/or endocardial endothelium and transported vectorially to adjacent myocytes that could modify cardiac contractile state, perhaps in response to changes in microvascular blood flow. Similarly, cardiac myocytes themselves could release cytokines that could directly affect endothelial cell proliferation or angiogenesis and indirectly elicit or modify the release of endothelium-derived cytokines and autocoids. Thus, in addition to modifying function, endothelial cell-cardiac myocyte interactions may also be of importance in the dynamic events that lead to myocardial wall remodeling and angiogenesis during hypertrophic growth and in the response to cardiac injury.
Sympathetic activation in exercise is not dependent on muscle acidosis. Direct evidence from studies in metabolic myopathies.
Authors: J Vissing, S F Vissing, D A MacLean, B Saltin, B Quistorff, R G Haller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Muscle acidosis has been implicated as a major determinant of reflex sympathetic activation during exercise. To test this hypothesis we studied sympathetic exercise responses in metabolic myopathies in which muscle acidosis is impaired or augmented during exercise. As an index of reflex sympathetic activation to muscle, microneurographic measurements of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were obtained from the peroneal nerve. MSNA was measured during static handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction force to exhaustion in patients in whom exercise-induced muscle acidosis is absent (seven myophosphorylase deficient patients; MD [McArdle's disease], and one patient with muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency [PFKD]), augmented (one patient with mitochondrial myopathy [MM]), or normal (five healthy controls). Muscle pH was monitored by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy during handgrip exercise in the five control subjects, four MD patients, and the MM and PFKD patients. With handgrip to exhaustion, the increase in MSNA over baseline (bursts per minute [bpm] and total activity [%]) was not impaired in patients with MD (17+/-2 bpm, 124+/-42%) or PFKD (65 bpm, 307%), and was not enhanced in the MM patient (24 bpm, 131%) compared with controls (17+/-4 bpm, 115+/-17%). Post-handgrip ischemia studied in one McArdle patient, caused sustained elevation of MSNA above basal suggesting a chemoreflex activation of MSNA. Handgrip exercise elicited an enhanced drop in muscle pH of 0.51 U in the MM patient compared with the decrease in controls of 0.13+/-0.02 U. In contrast, muscle pH increased with exercise in MD by 0.12+/-0.05 U and in PFKD by 0.01 U. In conclusion, patients with glycogenolytic, glycolytic, and oxidative phosphorylation defects show normal muscle sympathetic nerve responses to static exercise. These findings indicate that muscle acidosis is not a prerequisite for sympathetic activation in exercise.
Treatment of Gold Toxicity
Authors: Theodor Bersin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> As a reader of your highly esteemed journal I wish to draw your attention to the following reports on treatment of gold toxicity: 1) the use of calcium disodium edetate (<i>Presse Med</i><b>70</b>:1523 [June 23] 1962), and 2) the use of D-penicillamine (<i>Nederl T Geneesk</i><b>108</b>:465, 1964) (<i>Arthritis Rheum</i><b>6</b>:216 [June] 1963).
THE ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLES OF INFANT FEEDING AND THE MODERN METHODS OF APPLYING THEM.
Authors: THOMAS MORGAN ROTCH
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>MILK LABORATORIES.</h3> The next question is where and in what way the modification of the milk is to be carried out. This problem has been to a great extent solved since the establishment of what are termed milk laboratories. Up to the present time the milk laboratories have been under the control of one company called The Waker-Gordon Laboratory Company, which was established in Boston in 1891 by Mr. G. E. Gordon, Mr. Geo. H. Walker and Mr. J. H. Waterhouse. These milk laboratories are intended to take the same position toward the modification of milk that apothecary shops have to drugs. That is, directions for substitute feeding can be sent in the form of a prescription to the milk laboratory, and should only be dispensed and sold under the direction of.a physician. It is well that this should be clearly understood, as it places the milk laboratories in the