tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural study of hydrocortisone action in cultured human epidermis
Authors: R. TAMMI, R. SANTTI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Adult human skin was maintained in organ culture in a chemically defined medium without serum for up to 10 days. Under these conditions cultured epidermis revealed ultrastructural changes suggesting alterations in keratinization. Half of the newly formed stratum corneum became parakeratotic. The number and size of keratohyalin granules were reduced, and only few keratinosomes were present after the 5th day of culture. The effect of hydrocortisone at final concentrations of 10(-5)-10(-9) mol/l was studied by applying stereological techniques for electron microscopic morphometry on systematically sampled tissues. The volume densities of tissue components and cell organelles were assessed at three different strata of epidermis on the 5th day of culture. Changes of keratinization due to the culture conditions were partly reversed by the hormone, i.e. hydrocortisone increased the volume densities of keratohyalin granules, keratinosomes and tonofilaments. Minute effects due to hormonal action were seen on tissue components or the volume densities of other cellular organelles.
Acquired von Willebrand disease and storage pool disease in chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Hiroshi Mohri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Platelet function was evaluated in 20 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), all Ph positive. Seven showed abnormal epinephrine‐induced aggregation, while four had impaired both ADP‐ and collagen‐induced aggregation. The platelets of all patients aggregated with arachidonic acid, thus ruling out cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase deficiency. The intracellular concentrations of ATP and ADP were significantly below normal, and the ratio of ATP/ADP was greater than normal in all 12 patients. ATP released from platelets by Lumi‐aggregometer was reduced. In four patients with abnormal ristocetin‐induced aggregation, vWF:Ag, RCoF, and FVIII:C were all reduced. No significant inactivation of factor VIII was induced in normal plasma by incubation with patient's plasma. The crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis revealed that vWF:Ag in these patients was mainly composed of more anodic component as compared with that of normal plasma. The ratio of vWF:Ag/RCoF was significantly greater than normal. A marked increase of factor VIII and a rapid return of vWF:Ag and RCoF to the baseline after the 1‐deamino‐8‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) infusion were observed. Transient increase in vWF:Ag after the infusion of DDAVP appeared with less anodic forms and in the same relative proportion as that in normal plasma. The present study shows that in some patients with CML storage pool disease occurs with acquired von Willebrand disease.
Free Clinics and Malpractice Claims
Authors: Ian D. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Kelleher's article on free clinics<sup>1</sup>as well as the letters to the Editor entitled "Volunteer Clinic Caveats"<sup>2,3</sup>bring up a question that should be addressed. A volunteer physician giving free medical care is still exposed to malpractice charges. Indeed, given that the people using the free clinics are usually the poor with nothing to lose in a lawsuit, I suspect that the malpractice risk may actually be increased. Further, should physicians doing volunteer clinic work be obligated to inform their insurance carriers of this increased exposure? I have been informed by my own attorney that there is no way the volunteer physician or clinic can extract a promise in advance that individuals receiving free care will not, at some future time, file a malpractice claim against the caregiver, either a physician or an institution. In view of this, Dr Kleinman's<sup>3</sup>recommendation to rely
Effects of sildenafil on growth and viability of cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Alessandra Manes, Benedetta Tantini, Nazzareno Galié, Ghazwan Butrous, Monia Fattori, Carlo Guarnieri, Claudio Marcello Caldarera, Angelo Branzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Fatal Late Complication of Liver Biopsy
Authors: G. Trübestein, S. Miederer, O. Stadelmann
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

A 59-years-old patient suffering from a thorotrastosis is reported about. Aimed liver biopsy showed an angioplastic sarcoma. 18 days after biopsy there was a fatal hemorrhage from the site of biopsy. The late complications after liver biopsy are discussed in relation to the literature.
Psychogenic Urinary Retention after Parturition, Resulting in Hydronephrosis
Authors: S. J. Knox
Journal: BMJ (1960)

CARCINOMA OF PANCREAS MwB^JOfURNlEqual volumes of reagents 1 and 2 are mixed to yield a substrate-buffer solution, pH 7.1, stable at room temperature for 30 days.(3) Trichloracetic acid solution, 12%4.(4) Trichloracetic acid solution, 40%.(5) Sodium nitrite solution, 0.1%.(6) Sodium sulphamate solution, 0.5%. (7)N-(l-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride solution, 0.5 mg./ml. in 95% ethanol.Method 1 ml. of a 1:50 (2%) dilution of serum in distilled water is added to I ml. of the substrate-buffer solution.A control is prepared by adding I ml. of distilled water to 1 ml. of substrate-buffer solution.The test and control are both incubated at 37' C. for two hours.At the end of this time the reaction is stopped and the proteins are precipitated by the addition of I ml. of 12% trichloracetic acid.After centr'fuging, a 1-ml.aliquot of the supernatant is pipetted off and 0.2 ml. of 40% trichloracetic acid is added, and mixed by gentle shaking.(The original method described for protein precipitation was found to be unsatisfactory in that it sometimes resulted in turbidity in the final solutions.) 1 ml. of 0.1% sodium nitrite solution is added.Leave for five minutes.Any excess nitrite is then destroyed by the addition of 0.8 ml. of 0.5% sodium sulphamate solution.This reaction is complete in three minutes.2 ml. of N-(I-naphthyl) ethylenediamine-dihydrochloride solution is then added.The maximum blue colour develops in 15 minutes.and after this the optical density (O.D.) is read against the control at 580 m,u.The colour is stable for 24 hours at room temperature.The O.D. reading is converted to terms of 1-naphthylamine liberated by reference to a standard calibration curve prepared with 8-naphthylamine.When an O.D. greater than 0.700 is obtained, the procedure is repeated using an incubation time of one hour only, and the result obtained is doubled.Our thanks are due to Miss Johnson, of the Edgware General Hospital, Dr. H. Caplin, of the Connaught Hospital, and Dr. P. Mestitz, of the Middlesex Hospital, all of whom supplied sera from patients with carcinoma of the pancreas.Also to Mr. Cowan, records
Generation of Functional Murine Cardiac Myocytes From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Christina Mauritz, Kristin Schwanke, Michael Reppel, Stefan Neef, Katherina Katsirntaki, Lars S. Maier, Filomain Nguemo, Sandra Menke, Moritz Haustein, Juergen Hescheler, Gerd Hasenfuss, Ulrich Martin
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The recent breakthrough in the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are almost indistinguishable from embryonic stem (ES) cells, facilitates the generation of murine disease– and human patient–specific stem cell lines. The aim of this study was to characterize the cardiac differentiation potential of a murine iPS cell clone in comparison to a well-established murine ES cell line. Methods and Results— With the use of a standard embryoid body–based differentiation protocol for ES cells, iPS cells as well as ES cells were differentiated for 24 days. Although the analyzed iPS cell clone showed a delayed and less efficient formation of beating embryoid bodies compared with the ES cell line, the differentiation resulted in an average of 55% of spontaneously contracting iPS cell embryoid bodies. Analyses on molecular, structural, and functional levels demonstrated that iPS cell–derived cardiomyocytes show typical features of ES cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated expression of marker genes typical for mesoderm, cardiac mesoderm, and cardiomyocytes including Brachyury, mesoderm posterior factor 1 (Mesp1), friend of GATA2 (FOG-2), GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4), NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5 (Nkx2.5), T-box 5 (Tbx5), T-box 20 (Tbx20), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), myosin light chain 2 atrial transcripts (MLC2a), myosin light chain 2 ventricular transcripts (MLC2v), α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC), and cardiac troponin T in differentiation cultures of iPS cells. Immunocytology confirmed expression of cardiomyocyte-typical proteins including sarcomeric α-actinin, titin, cardiac troponin T, MLC2v, and connexin 43. iPS cell cardiomyocytes displayed spontaneous rhythmic intracellular Ca 2+ fluctuations with amplitudes of Ca 2+ transients comparable to ES cell cardiomyocytes. Simultaneous Ca 2+ release within clusters of iPS cell–derived cardiomyocytes indicated functional coupling of the cells. Electrophysiological studies with multielectrode arrays demonstrated functionality and presence of the β-adrenergic and muscarinic signaling cascade in these cells. Conclusions— iPS cells differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes. In contrast to ES cells, iPS cells allow derivation of autologous functional cardiomyocytes for cellular cardiomyoplasty and myocardial tissue engineering.
Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes in Pune, India: Clinical features and follow-up for 7 yr
Authors: Chittaranjan S Yajnik, Kishore M Shelgikar
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE— To study clinical features of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes from this clinic, to compare these with the published criteria of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus, and to conduct serial follow-up of these patients to study difficulties in their treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Details of presenting symptoms, anthropometry, diabetic tissue damage, treatment, and follow-up of 55 patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (pancreatic calculi demonstrated on X-ray and sonography) treated during the last 7 yr were studied. RESULTS— Many patients did not fit the accepted criteria of malnutrition-related diabetes. Thus, 17 (31%) were diagnosed after 30 yr of age and 23 (42%) had a body mass index &amp;gt; 18 kg/m2, and the daily dose of insulin in these patients (mean 0.8 U/kg) was similar to that in the IDDM patients (mean 1.0 U/kg). The two pathognomonic complaints (pancreatic pain and steatorrhea) were not always present. Many patients took very irregular treatment, but none suffered diabetic ketoacidosis despite stopping insulin for long periods of time; 33% of patients had some diabetic tissue damage when first seen. Fourteen patients were lost to follow-up, and 11 died during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS— Clinical features of these fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes patients were somewhat different than the classic descriptions. A need exists to reconsider classification of FCPD under malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus. Many patients receive irregular treatment, and a substantial proportion die within a few years of diagnosis, many as a result of preventable causes.
Landmark perspective: Landmarks in viral hepatitis
Authors: S. Sherlock
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Developments in viral hepatitis have been traced from Saul Krugman's distinction of two types, MS1 and MS2 (A and B), and Baruch S. Blumberg's discovery of Australia antigen. Hepatitis A has been grown in tissue culture, the structure of the virus is known, and the acute disease can be diagnosed. Knowledge of the molecular biology of the more complex hepatitis B virion has allowed the development of an effective vaccine and distinction of replicative and nonreplicative stages of infection. Integration, in the hepatocyte, of hepatitis B viral DNA into host DNA is the precursor of liver cancer. The infection of hepatitis B carriers with another infectious agent, delta, has added a new dimension to the problem. Other unidentified causes of hepatitis have been lumped together as non-A, non-B, and these remain to be defined and accurately diagnosed.
S13 The primary results of the MOSAIC trial: does CPAP for minimally symptomatic OSA reduce daytime sleepiness or calculated vascular risk?
Authors: S. E. Craig, M. Kohler, D. Nicoll, D. J. Bratton, A. J. Nunn, R. J. O. Davies, J. R. Stradling
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> CPAP treatment for symptomatic OSA improves sleepiness, and reduces vascular risk by reducing blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol. Minimally symptomatic OSA is far more prevalent than symptomatic disease, and treatment of this group is contentious. This trial describes the effect of CPAP on sleepiness and calculated vascular risk in minimally symptomatic OSA. <h3>Methods</h3> 391 patients from 10 centres, with proven OSA (sleep study ODI&gt;7.5 h), but insufficient sleepiness for CPAP (based on established evidence), were randomised (minimisation by ODI, recruiting centre, and cardiovascular risk score (Pocock)), to either 6 months CPAP (ResMed Autoset S8 Spirit), or standard care. CPAP training and fitting was according to local clinical practice. Co-primary outcomes were the mean changes in Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) and the vascular risk score (comprising age, sex, systolic BP, smoking, diabetes, total cholesterol, height, creatinine, LVH on ECG, previous MI or stroke) from baseline to 6 months (intention to treat analysis). Home BP was measured in triplicate three times daily over 7 days at baseline and after 6 months, and the weekly average was used for further analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Of 391 randomised, 14 withdrew or were lost to follow-up and have been excluded from the primary analysis. 347 patients attended for their 6 month visit within the predefined time window. The study groups were well matched at baseline. Median CPAP use was 3.25 h/night. Full data on ESS and the cardiovascular risk score components were available from 341 and 310 patients respectively. <h3>Sleepiness outcome</h3> CPAP reduced daytime sleepiness (mean (SE) ESS change with CPAP −1.68 (0.24); control +0.32 (0.22), mean difference −2.00, 95% CI −1.37 to −2.64, p&lt;0.0001), a cost effective outcome (UK NICE criteria). <h3>Cardiovascular risk outcome</h3> CPAP did not reduce cardiovascular risk score (mean (SE) cardiovascular risk score change with CPAP +0.08 (0.17); control −0.37 (0.17), mean difference +0.45, 95% CI −0.03 to +0.93, p=0.064); the small increase with CPAP is not clinically significant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> 6 months of CPAP in minimally symptomatic OSA is associated with a cost effective reduction in daytime sleepiness, but does not reduce calculated cardiovascular risk.
PURULENT PERICARDITIS WITH REPORT OF A CASE DUE TO TRAUMATISM.
Authors: FRANK W. GARBER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Purulent pericarditis presents essentially the same chain of symptoms as those shown by a non-septic pericardial inflammation. The history of the case may point strongly in the direction of a purulent effusion, but the aspirator alone can determine positively the nature of the fluid. The disease may even run its course without such aids to diagnosis, as fever and edema of overlying tissue. A preëxistent or a co-existing ulcerative endocarditis, a pyemia, tuberculosis or an empyema, an abscess of the mediastinum, caries of the ribs, gangrene of the lungs, or a trauma may make evident the presence of pus, and are among the leading causes of purulent effusion into the pericardium. Pericarditis whether purulent or non-purulent is a secondary trouble, and is probably frequently overlooked by the physician. The healthy pericardial sac of an adult holds from 420 to 630 grams. It is somewhat pyriform in shape and lies back
Conference Report: The future of general practice: more elderly, less money, and scattered computers
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1983)

that the  of 2000 should be better off than the  of 1983, and also the  of the future should be less dependent. He reminded the meeting that general practitioners have a large part to play in ensuring that dependency rates Jo fall?for instance, by being more effective m managing hypertension and so reducing the incidence of stroke. Although he emphasised that every effort should be made to keep the  as independent as long as possible and with their own possessions about them, Professor Acheson sounded distinctly like a character from 1984 when he said that in the future it might be necessary to concentrate the elderly to be
Enlarged Photon-Deficient Area in Expected Site of Renal Allograft on Tc-99m DTPA Study
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, RICHARD C. COLEMAN, BONNIE MITCHELL, LARRY C. MUNCH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Tc-99m DTPA renal imaging has been routinely used in postrenal transplant evaluation. A patient's Tc-99m DTPA studies after transplantation are presented, showing a large photon-deficient area in the region of the allograft on the third postoperative day. The photondeficient area is two to three times larger than that seen in the original, functioning allograft on the first postoperative day. Enlarged to a weight of 530 g, the allograft on gross and microscopic examination confirmed renal vein thrombosis. Enlargement of the photon-deficient area at the anatomic site of the allograft indicates a scintigraphic pattern of renal vein occlusion incompatible with a viable allograft.
THE DISTRIBUTION IN THE BLOOD AND LYMPH OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE III INJECTED INTRAVENOUSLY IN RABBITS, AND THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH SPECIFIC ANTISERUM ON THE INFECTION OF THE LYMPH
Authors: Madeleine E. Field, Morris F. Shaffer, John F. Enders, Cecil K. Drinker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Experiments are described which show that in rabbits infected intravenously with virulent Type III pneumococci, these organisms are found not only in the thoracic duct lymph, as previously reported, but also in lymph from the cervical and leg lymphatics. The nonmotile bacteria must have crossed both vascular and lymphatic endothelium in reaching the lymph. Intracellular transportation by phagocytes is apparently not the means by which this is effected. The intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of large amounts of homologous type-specific antibody fails even after many hours to terminate or permanently reduce the pneumococcal infection of the lymph. The failure of antiserum to sterilize the lymph is discussed.
Gene expression profiling of B lymphocytes and plasma cells from Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: comparison with expression patterns of the same cell counterparts from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma and normal individuals
Authors: N C Gutiérrez, E M Ocio, J de las Rivas, P Maiso, M Delgado, E Fermiñán, M J Arcos, M L Sánchez, J M Hernández, J F San Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
[751] HIGH SECRETORY HAPLOTYPE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 GENE CLUSTER INCREASES THE RISK OF ALCOHOLIC LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: J. Petrasek, S. Reznakova, T.A. Hubacek, F. Stickel, J. Sperl, P. Trunecka, I. Spicak, M. Tirsa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Simple measures can predict death in malnourished children
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

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A doctor checks for signs of malnourishment by measuring arm circumference at a clinic in Mogadishu, Somalia 

Credit: PEP BONET/PANOS

Mid-upper arm circumference predicts risk of death in malnourished children as well as the currently recommended weight for height z score. A study in rural Kenya has found that the simple measure could provide a more practical …

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exacerbates acute lung injury induced by intratracheal endotoxin in guinea pigs.
Authors: T Terashima, M Kanazawa, K Sayama, A Ishizaka, T Urano, F Sakamaki, H Nakamura, Y Waki, S Tasaka
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on the lung injury induced by intratracheal endotoxin were studied using guinea pigs. Animals were divided into four groups: (1) saline control, (2) endotoxin alone, (3) cyclophosphamide (CPA)+endotoxin, and (4) CPA+rG-CSF+endotoxin. CPA was injected intraperitoneally to suppress hematopoietic function 7 d before the study. rG-CSF at a dose of 100 micrograms/kg was administered subcutaneously twice a day for 5 consecutive d beginning 2 d after the CPA pretreatment. Saline or 0.2 mg/kg of endotoxin was administered via the airway, and the animals were observed for 4 h. 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin was mixed with saline or endotoxin to obtain a lobar distribution. Lung injury was assessed by the concentration ratio of 125I-labeled albumin in lung tissue to plasma (T/P) and lung wet-dry weight ratio (W/D). We also counted the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and fixed lung tissues. T/P, but not W/D, increased in endotoxin-alone and CPA+endotoxin groups compared with the saline control group (p < 0.01). Both T/P and W/D of the CPA+rG-CSF+endotoxin group were significantly higher than those of the endotoxin-alone and CPA+endotoxin groups (p < 0.01). In the CPA+rG-CSF+endotoxin group, histopathologic examination of the lung sections showed neutrophil recruitment into the lung, and neutrophil counts in BAL fluid were elevated. In conclusion, pretreatment with rG-CSF increased sequestration of neutrophils into the lung and exacerbated the lung injury induced by intratracheal endotoxin in CPA-treated guinea pigs.
Detection of Meckel??s Diverticulum in an infant by Tc-99m-Sulfur Colloid Scintigraphy
Authors: JAMES W. RYAN, SHAHROOZ SEPAHDARI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Active lower intestinal bleeding from a Meckel's diverticulum in an infant was detected with Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scintigraphy. This technique expands the scintigraphic armamentarium for evaluation of lower intestinal bleeding in infants and children.
Contribution of the Intensive Care Unit Environment to Sleep Disruption in Mechanically Ventilated Patients and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Jonathan Y. Gabor, Andrew B. Cooper, Shelley A. Crombach, Bert Lee, Nisha Kadikar, Harald E. Bettger, Patrick J. Hanly
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Recent studies have challenged the traditional hypothesis that excessive environmental noise is central to the etiology of sleep disruption in the intensive care unit (ICU). We characterized potentially disruptive ICU noise stimuli and patient-care activities and determined their relative contributions to sleep disruption. Furthermore, we studied the effect of noise in isolation by placing healthy subjects in the ICU in both normal and noise-reduced locations. Seven mechanically ventilated patients and six healthy subjects were studied by continuous 24-hour polysomnography with time-synchronized environmental monitoring. Sound elevations occurred 36.5 +/- 20.1 times per hour of sleep and were responsible for 20.9 +/- 11.3% of total arousals and awakenings. Patient-care activities occurred 7.8 +/- 4.2 times per hour of sleep and were responsible for 7.1 +/- 4.4% of total arousals and awakenings. Healthy subjects slept relatively well in the typically loud ICU environment and experienced a quantitative, but not qualitative, improvement in sleep in a noise-reduced, single-patient ICU room. Our data indicate that noise and patient-care activities account for less than 30% of arousals and awakenings and suggest that other elements of the critically ill patient's environment or treatment should be investigated in the pathogenesis of ICU sleep disruption.