tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
F-18 FDG-PET Imaging of Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor-Like Astrocytoma
Authors: Yuki Shinohara, Toshibumi Kinoshita, Fumiko Kinoshita, Junta Moroi, Yasuji Yoshida, Yoichi Nakazato
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Cerebral astrocytoma needs to be distinguished from dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) when a well-demarcated, cortically based and pseudo-cystic tumor with minimal mass effect is demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging. We report an unusual case of DNT-like astrocytoma. 18F fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography showed a focal increase of FDG uptake in a deep part of the tumor. Histologic examination revealed predominantly microcystic change with oligodendrocyte-like cells, leading to a diagnosis of DNT. However, increased cellularity and nuclear atypia of astrocytes within the tumor were conspicuous as for DNT. Four years after excision, tumor recurrence was detected. FDG-positron emission tomography is useful for identifying the malignant potential of DNT-like astrocytoma.
The spectrum of syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Neal Gregory, Miguel Sanchez, Mary Ruth Buchness
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)

Five patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with unusual manifestations of syphilis are reported. The high prevalence of HIV seropositivity among our patients with syphilis, the rapid progression to tertiary disease, the increased severity of the clinical manifestations, inappropriate antibody responses to infection, relapse without reexposure despite “adequate” treatment, and lack of response to penicillin therapy have been observed in these and in other patients. Data are presented to explain these unusual observations.
GENERIC DRUGS AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIVALENCE
Authors: Dale G. Friend
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In recent years, there has developed the belief that nonproprietary or generic drugs are much cheaper than, and as effective as, trade-named items. This belief has led to a widespread demand that prescribing and use of generic drugs be encouraged. Studies conducted by impartial groups such as the<i>Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics</i>have applied United States Pharmacopeial methods to assay certain drugs prepared by many different manufacturers.<sup>1-3</sup>These analyses have shown that, generally, these preparations are chemically equivalent in that they contain the amount of drug claimed. These findings have led many to the conclusion that drugs prepared by various manufacturers should be equally effective in therapy. While this seems to be true in many instances, there are situations where this is not so. For some time, workers in the pharmaceutical field have been compiling a list of factors which may influence the therapeutic usefulness of a
The Radiological and Bacteriological Assessment of Tuberculous Lung Lesions Remaining after Chemotherapy
Authors: A. W. T. Eade, G. K. Harrison, S. E. Large, J. Mackay-Dick, L. Reid, R. W. Riddell
Journal: Thorax (1959)

pulmonary tuberculosis has been entitled to 24 months' continuous hospital treatment on full pay.Consequently most of the patients
Leukocyte recruitment after local endobronchial allergen challenge in asthma. Relationship to procedure and to airway interleukin-8 release.
Authors: L M Teran, M P Carroll, A J Frew, A E Redington, D E Davies, I Lindley, P H Howarth, M K Church, S T Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We have investigated the profile of cellular recruitment into asthmatic airways after allergen and saline exposure and its relationship to interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used to instill allergen into the middle lobe while the right upper lobe received a sham saline challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of both sites was performed either 4 or 24 h later. Neutrophil numbers in BAL fluid obtained 4 and 24 h after challenge were 17 and 48 times higher than prechallenge numbers (p < or = 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the numbers of neutrophils at the two sites. In contrast, eosinophil numbers were increased by 6- and 20-fold, respectively, at 4 and 24 h at allergen-challenged as compared with saline-challenged sites (p < 0.005 and p < 0.02, respectively). Baseline concentrations of IL-8 in BAL fluid were undetectable in most cases. Four hours after allergen or saline exposure, BAL fluid IL-8 concentrations were: median, 200 pg/ml; range, 20 to 750 pg/ml and median, 123 pg/ml; range, < 20 to 800 pg/ml, respectively. These declined to 23 pg/ml (range, < 20 to 126 pg/ml) and 43 pg/ml (range < 20 to 130 pg/ml), respectively, 24 h after exposure. There was a significant correlation between neutrophil numbers and IL-8 concentrations 4 h after saline exposure. These findings indicate that neutrophil infiltration is a nonspecific response to the procedure of bronchoscopy and lavage, in contrast to eosinophil recruitment, which is an allergen-specific phenomenon, and it suggests that IL-8 release may be involved in neutrophil recruitment.
Pheochromocytoma in the Organ of Zukerkandl: 1-131 MIBG Scintigraphic Localization
Authors: MAHMOUD EL-DESOUKI, ABDULRAHMAN AL-NUAIM, ADNAN MOFTI, AMIR SHANNA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Scintigraphic localization of an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma in a 27 year-old female with clinical and biochemical evidence of the disease is presented. While both ultrasonography and computed tomography were negative, 1-131 MIBG scintigraphy successfully localized the extra-adrenal lesion in the organ of Zukerkandl.
Factor IX antigen by radioimmunoassay. Abnormal factor IX protein in patients on warfarin therapy and with hemophilia B.
Authors: A R Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Factor IX, isolated from normal human plasma, was homogenous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate. On the latter, it migrated as a single polypeptide chain with or without reducing agents and had an apparent mol wt of 62,000. After iodination by chloramine-T, a single peak of 125I was found on gels. Immunoelectrophoresis in agarose with rabbit antifactor IX sera gave a single arc against both isolated and partially purified factor IX preparations. The rabbit antibody was specific as it failed to inhibit the activities of prothrombin or factors VII or X in normal plasma. At an additional 20-fold dilution, factor IX activity was inhibited 50%. In a double-antibody radioimmunoassay, excess rabbit anti-human factor IX precipitated 90-95% of the 125I-human factor IX. Control without specific antibody gave 6-8%. Dilutions of a pool of normal human plasma paralleled dilutions of the isolated preparation and were used for the standard curve. Of 39 plasma samples from normal donors, the mean factor IX antigen level was 93% of that of a separate normal pool. The radioimmunoassay detected the abnormal factor IX produced in patients on warfarin therapy. After Al(OH)3 adsorption of warfarin treated patient's plasma, factor IX antigen, but not activity, was present in the supernate. Samples from 28 patients on warfarin gave a mean factor IX clotting activity of 27% with a mean antigen of 69%. The antigen level from the warfarin group was significantly lower than the antigen level of the normal group (P less than 0.001). The factor IX antigen level was then assessed in 36 patients from 29 pedigrees with hemophilia B. The median antigen level was 17% of normal. The distribution of the antigen level was wide with two patients around 100% of normal; only two had levels below the limits of resolution of the radioimmunoassay as currently performed (less than 2%). Within each of the five pedigrees in which more than one affected member was tested, activity and antigen levels were the same. The degree of neutralization of the antibody's inhibition of normal plasma by patient's plasma was highly correlated. Additional evidence for the detection of abnormal protein was provided by immunodiffusion of plasmas concentrated by lyophilization. Reactions of complete identity occurred between normal, a warfarin treated and a hemophilia B subject's plasmas.
P125 Stop smoking as treatment for COPD: quit-interventions of higher intensity and duration are required
Authors: J. Browne, N. Aslam, E. Jones, B. Flint, J. Dzingai, G. Fabris, J. Billett, L. Restrick, M. Stern
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Smoking cessation is one of the most cost-effective interventions for COPD (£2092/QALY; Hoogendoorn <i>et al</i> 2010). Smokers with COPD should therefore be offered intensive quit-smoking support as treatment for their disease. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of standard quit-smoking interventions (NICE, 2008) for COPD-smokers, to determine levels of support required to improve quit rates. <h3>Methods</h3> Current smokers with confirmed COPD were referred from within an inner-city general hospital (inpatients/outpatients) to a dedicated quit-smoking specialist (QSS) or from the community COPD-multidisciplinary team to an integrated QSS, who undertook domiciliary visits for housebound smokers. Both QSS had additional counselling skills. Demographics, disease severity (FEV<sub>1</sub>), smoking history, duration of quit-smoking treatment, pharmacotherapy and quits (4 week) were prospectively recorded over 11 months (September 2010–July 2011). <h3>Results</h3> 106 patients with moderate COPD M:F 39:67, mean±SD age 66.4±10.4 y range 49–85; FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.2±0.6l, n=76) were referred: 63 (69%) hospital patients (HP), 43 (41%) from the community (CP). Compared to the HP who had mean±SD FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.4±0.5 l, and smoked 23.5±11.4 cigarettes/day on referral, CP had significantly (p=0.03) worse lung function (FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.2±0.5 l) but smoked fewer (p=0.002) cigarettes/day (9.8±8/day). 25/106 (24%) patients quit, but quits were significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) in the CP (20%) compared to the HP (30%). 45/106 (42%) were not able to set a quit-date, 5/106 (5%) set multiple quit-dates. 56/106 (53%) used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), &gt;2 products in 48/56. 18/106 (17%) used varenicline, seven sequentially following NRT. Duration of pharmacotherapy for quitters was 6.1±4.5 months (mean±SD, range 1–16). 38/106 (36%) were discharged after lost to follow-up. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data demonstrate that 1-in-4 smokers with COPD are able to quit using evidence based tobacco addiction treatment. However, quit rates for these smokers are much lower than the Department of Health (DH) expectation of &gt;35%, despite intensive interventions by skilled QSS, domiciliary visits to housebound patients, and pharmacotherapy extended beyond the standard 8–12 weeks. Novel approaches, including addressing psychosocial issues, motivational quit-date setting, review of the DH 4-week quit-target and sufficient funding for extended NRT/Varenicline prescribing, may be required to achieve effective smoking cessation in this patient group.
Biliary Tract Obstruction Due to Sarcoidosis
Authors: G. Sotiropoulos, U. Dahmen, O. Dirsch, G. Antoch, L. Freudenberg, E. Brokalaki, U. Treichel, A. Paul, C. Broelsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Figure 1 A 31-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a new episode of cholangitis, in the course of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Endoscopic and radiological evaluation suggested a bile duct carcinoma. a Diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) showed typical findings of primary sclerosing cholangitis, as well as a suspicious lesion in the liver hilum. b Transverse computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a tumor lesion in the liver hilum. c Positron emission tomography (PET) images showed pathologically increased glucose metabolism in the upper abdomen. d This mapped accurately to the tumor lesion shown in b, when fused PET and CT data were assessed. Exploratory laparotomy followed. Enlarged lymph nodes were identified in the liver hilum, that were causing dilatation of the common bile duct. Lymphadenectomy in the liver hilum and bile duct resection were performed, followed by hepaticojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Surprisingly, histological investigation proved hepatobiliary sarcoidosis.
A Chromosomal Abnormality in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
Authors: Anita W. Weinstein, E. David Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE application of chromosome-counting technics to the study of cancer has been less spectacular in demonstrating specific abnormalities than studies on patients with congenital malformations, sex anomalies or mental retardation. Many observations have been made, however, and chromosomal abnormalities, both numerical (aneuploidy) and structural, have been described in cases of leukemia.1 2 3 4 5 6 In acute leukemia the only consistent abnormalities observed thus far are an increase in aneuploidy, noted by Sandberg et al.1 and Baikie and his associates,2 and an extra chromosome in 2 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia, reported by Kinlough and Robson.3 In these 2 cases there was a modal . . .
IMPACT OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME DELETION ALLELE AS A MODIFIER CAUSING LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN GENOTYPED HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: RESULTS FROM LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: Akira Funada, Noboru Fujino, Eiichi Masuta, Akihiko Muramoto, Hidekazu Ino, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC SUPPURATING OTITIS MEDIA.
Authors: J. H. BRYAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is not my purpose in this short communication to go extensively into the subject of the management of cases of chronic suppurating otitis media, but only to emphasize a form of treatment that has of late received a decided impetus, and which in many cases offers us the only rational treatment for this obstinate affection, one that is considered so unsatisfactory by many that we, who have these cases to treat, are condoled and sympathized with for being willing to devote so much time in the treatment of affections, the final issue of which is so uncertain. Much depends upon the seat of the inflammation, whether it is in the epitympanic or in the lower tympanic cavity, they being characterized by somewhat different symptoms. In suppurative inflammations affecting the epitympanic cavity or attic, the perforations are situated in the membrane flaccida or the membrane of Shrapnell, and they are
Gene Influences Fractures
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fluoride Supplementation of the Breast-fed Infant
Authors: Ruth A. Bolton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Preventive Dentistry" was excellent.<sup>1</sup>I have been anxiously awaiting such an excellent review. I was disappointed, however, to see that no portion of the article included anything about added fluoride during breast-feeding. I have asked various dentists and have gotten just as many answers as I have asked questions. Several of them feel that adding fluoride is imperative during breastfeeding. Others have told me that as long as the mother's water is fluoridated, all of her fluoride intake will cross through the breast milk to the baby. Please have Dr Greene or his associates address this specific question. I work with residents and would like to have some final decision on this so that we can be consistent in our prescribing activities.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Authors: C. Michael Weldon-Linne
Journal: JAMA (1989)

As a clinical microbiologist, I anxiously awaited the publication of this work from the moment that I first learned of its preparation some two years ago. When I received my two-volume set in the mail I was thrilled to discover that the high level of my expectations had not been unwarranted. In virtually every respect, this is a very impressive publication. The physical composition of the work is imposing. There are two large (7 1/2 by 11 inches) volumes, totaling 2062 pages, with 409 illustrations (including 23 color plates). The text is printed on heavy, acid-free paper, and the binding is of high quality, perhaps in anticipation of the degree of use such a book is likely to receive. More importantly, the scientific content of this text is similarly impressive: it is unique, comprehensive, and international in flavor. The editors have gathered microbiologists and infectious disease experts from 18 different
Health Care of the Elderly
Authors: John W. Rowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

OVER the next several decades the practice of medicine in the United States will be increasingly influenced by the health care needs of our rapidly enlarging elderly population. Just as children are not merely young versions of adults, the elderly are not simply old adults. They require special approaches and an understanding of the physiologic, psychosociological, and pathologic impacts of aging. This paper discusses the special considerations important to the proper evaluation of elderly patients, highlights some current controversies in the field, and reviews recent progress in the management of several common clinical problems in the elderly.Coupling Longevity with . . .
Failure of the new deal on juniors' hours.
Authors: M Porter
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Smoking related to clinical diagnosisNo of controls No (o/o) of smokers No of No (%) of Age in same age in aged marked patients smokers range range controls Periductal mastitis 68 60 (88) 19-48 10 397 3955 (38O0)* Non-lactating 39 34 (87) 23-46 8 944 3441 (38-5)* Mammaryduct 32 30(94) 26-48 9 321 3504(37.6)*Duct ectasia 186 52 (28) 42-85 9 093 2722 (29 9) * p < 0 0001, XI test, comparing numbers of smokers and controls.view of Bundred and colleagues that periductal mastitis and duct ectasia are separate conditions with different clinical syndromes, different pathological features, and different aetiologies.Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this and use appropriate terminology.
Myths in Medicine: Immunisation
Authors: N Begg, A Nicoll
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Myths in immunisation are as old as immunisation itself. When Edward Jenner first developed his smallpox vaccine in 1796 there was concern that material from cowpox sores was used. Cartoonists drew children growing horns and some extraordinary side effects were described: “A child ran upon on all fours like a beast, bellowing like a cow, and butting with its head like a bull.” The rapid pace of vaccine development this century has been paralleled by a whole new generation of myths. The nature of these myths is mostly such that children are inappropriately denied immunisation, which could allow the continued circulation of preventable infections.1

### Why do immunisation myths exist?

Where ignorance exists myths flourish. The scientific basis of immunisation may be only partly understood by those who give vaccines. Although an increasing proportion of immunisations are being given by general practitioners,2 the typical undergraduate medical curriculum only contains one lecture on the subject. Nurses often actually administer immunisation and are a potent source of advice for parents. Immunisation practice for nurses is, however, often learnt by imitation and from handed down oral “wisdom” rather than being formally taught.

Ignorance has been compounded by the dissemination of contradictory information. Vaccine manufacturers' product inserts, perhaps written with litigation in mind, have frequently been at variance with national policy.3,4 Doctors may refer to a variety of publications other than the official Department of Health memorandum for guidance, including the British National Formulary, the Monthly Index of Medical Specialties, and the Data Sheet Compendium. Each of these three sources has in the past been found to contain incorrect information.3,5 Authoritative guidance did not become available until 1984, when the DoH memorandum was first published.6 Previously there existed only a plethora of leaflets and out of date health circulars on the …
Specificity Revisited: Personality Profiles and Behavioral Issues
Authors: David R. Hawkins
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

The notion of a connection between illness and temperament goes back at least as far as Hippocrates with his typology of melancholy, sanguine, phlegmatic and choleric personality types. In the 1930s, <i>Dunbar</i> studied large numbers of patients with several chronic diseases from which she derived personality profiles which correlated with the illnesses. Many other studies developed similar correlations. Following the work of <i>Alexander</i>, this approach was deemed superficial. More recently, the description of type A behavior has consistently been shown to correlate with coronary artery disease. The concept of alexithymia is another variant of personality typology. The present status of personality and behavior patterns as markers in psychosomatic medicine are discussed as well as the possible relationship of personality profiles to genetic factors, developmental issues, psychological conflict and other approaches to psychophysiological disorders.
We should reform libel laws in light of Singh victory
Authors: A. C. Grayling
Journal: BMJ (2010)

When three senior Court of Appeal judges came down on Simon Singh’s side in his libel tussle with the British Chiropractic Association, they did so by ruling that the right to state an “honest opinion” is essential to free speech and that Singh was entitled to claim this as a defence to the association’s action against him ( BMJ 2010;340:c1895, doi:10.1136/bmj.c1895). And they thereby lent great weight to the now almost universal criticism of English libel law—namely, that it has a deeply chilling effect on legitimate debate and criticism, illustrated by the fact that the association’s suit against Singh silenced discussion. This, the judges said, “might otherwise have assisted potential patients to make informed choices about the possible use of chiropractic.”

The judgment, which the association might yet appeal, concerned one crucial aspect of Singh’s case: whether he can rely on a defence of fair comment in saying that there is no evidence that chiropractic treatments have the benefits claimed for them. The association took exception to Singh’s description of the treatments as “bogus,” with the implication that its members were knowingly misleading those who sought their help. In the first round of litigation a High Court judge held that Singh’s …