tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood Diabetes in China: Enormous variation by place and ethnic group
Authors: Ze Yang, Kean Wang, Tianlin Li, Wei Sun, Yurui Li, Yue-Fang Chang, Janice S Dorman, Ronald E LaPorte
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence rate of IDDM in China. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Chinese IDDM registry was established in 1991 as part of the World Health Organization's Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes (DiaMond) project. Twenty-two centers were developed to monitor the incidence of IDDM in children &amp;lt;15 years of age. The population under investigation includes &amp;gt;20 million individuals, representing ∼7% of the children in China. Capture-recapture methods were used to estimate the ascertainment. RESULTS The overall ascertainment-corrected IDDM incidence rate in China was 0.51 per 100,000, the lowest rate ever reported. There was a 12-fold geographic variation (0.13–1.61 per 100,000). In general, the incidence rate was higher in the north and the east. There was a sixfold difference among ethnic groups (highest: Mongol group, 1.82 per 100,000; lowest: Zhuang group, 0.32 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS China has an extremely low overall IDDM incidence rate. China also has the greatest geographic and ethnic variation seen for any country.
By Uniting We Stand...
Authors: Wesley W. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1971)

It is a gloomy moment in history. Not for years has there been so much apprehension. Never has the future seemed so incalculable. In France, the political caldron seethes.... Russia hangs like a cloud on the horizon.... All the resources of the British are sorely tried.... Of our problems here in the United States, no man can see the end.
Adherence to TB Treatment in Ethiopia: Why Do Patients Default?
Authors: Hundie Tesfaye
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

It is only about 25 years since the abolition or abandonment of TB sanatoria in South Africa.It is likely that there are people in South Africa who are familiar with the idea of isolation of TB patients from the general public emanating from the era of TB sanatoria, and it is conceivable that they are likely to be understanding of the reasons that were used to keep patients there during their treatment.These people could help to make the idea of isolation in sanatoria acceptable again to the general public.Anyway, the TB sanatoria of this era were rightfully regarded as hospitals, as indeed they were, and I cannot see why modern day sanatoria should be viewed any differently.Granted, with the likelihood that the patients detained in these envisaged isolation areas may be more likely to die than be discharged, it will be a mammoth task to convince the "detainees" to stay there or their families to allow them to be kept there, especially if they are minors or the elderly infi rm.It is a tough call but it is worth a try.
TWO CASES OF TUBERCULAR OSTEOMYELITIS OF TIBIA.
Authors: J. T. JELKS
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<i>Case I</i>.—In the Spring of 1888, Mr. —, æt. 40, consulted me for great and constant pain in the left tibia. I found him in a hovel, poorly ventilated, poorly warmed, and poorly lighted. The odor in the room was simply unbearable, but with burning tar in the room I examined the patient as best I could. Found him greatly emaciated, with large ulcer on left leg, several inches in length, with the presence of pieces of dead bone. He was being cared for by some of the charitable ladies of the place and consented to an operation. Assisted by Drs. Thompson and Gebhart, I proceeded to operate. After the anæsthetic was given I washed and scrubbed his leg with soap and water, then with solution of bichloride of mercury, 1:1000; wrapped his feet with towels wrung out of the bichloride solution, and also covered his body with antiseptic
Study of possible risk factors for severe retinopathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Authors: A H Barnett, J R Britton, B A Leatherdale
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Study of possible risk factors for severe retinopathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes Diabetic retinopathy is one of the commonest causes of visual loss in Britain.' Various factors have been reported to be associated with retinopathy, but few studies have looked at these in relation to aetiological type of diabetes or severity of complications.We report a study of possible risk factors for severe retinopathy in a group of non-insulin dependent diabetics selected from our clinic.
Germline Mutations in BAP1 Impair Its Function in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
Authors: Ismail Hassan Ismail, Riley Davidson, Jean-Philippe Gagné, Zhi Zhong Xu, Guy G. Poirier, Michael J. Hendzel
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The BRCA1-associated deubiquitylase BAP1 is mutated in several cancers, most notably mesothelioma and melanoma, where it is thought to promote oncogenesis. In this study, we present evidence that BAP1 functions as part of the DNA damage response (DDR). We found that BAP1 mediates rapid poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent recruitment of the polycomb deubiquitylase complex PR-DUB to sites of DNA damage. Furthermore, we identified BAP1 as a phosphorylation target for the DDR kinase ATM. Functionally, BAP1 promoted repair of DNA double-strand breaks, enhancing cell survival after DNA damage. Our results highlight the importance of ubiquitin turnover at sites of DNA damage, and they provide a mechanism to account for the tumor-suppressive function of BAP1.
Prognostic Immune Markers in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Letter
Authors: Janardan P. Pandey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

I read with great interest the recent article by Suzuki and colleagues (1), presenting a review of prognostic immune markers as well as immune genes in non–small cell lung cancers. I would like to point out that, at least with respect to immune genes, this review is not “comprehensive.” For instance, it does not discuss a study by Nakao and colleagues (2), which showed a highly significant association between immunoglobulin GM 1, 2, 13, 15, 16, 21 phenotype and lung cancer (χ21df = 10.97, P = 0.0009). There is strong rationale for the involvement of GM genes in the prognosis of lung cancer: These highly polymorphic determinants could contribute to the prognosis of this malignancy by their possible involvement in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), a potent host immunosurveillance mechanism against tumors. Cetuximab-mediated ADCC of lung cancer cells underscores the importance of this mechanism in this malignancy (3). IgG antibody–mediated ADCC is triggered upon ligation of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) to the Fc of IgG molecules (4). Almost all GM determinants are expressed on the Fc region of immunoglobulin γ chains (5). Determinants expressed on Fc and FcγR are probably some of the most likely ligand–receptor candidate pairs for gene–gene interactions in the human genome. Thus, a particular Fc (GM) allele could epistatically interact with an FcγR allele (expressed on effector cells) and cause the destruction of lung cancer cells by ADCC.Simultaneous genotyping of immunoglobulin GM and FcγR genes could significantly improve our ability to predict a patient's prognosis of non–small cell lung cancer.See the Response, p. 7836No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Design of HIV Vectors for Efficient Gene Delivery into Human Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Priscilla Y. Yam, Shulian Li, Jerry Wu, Jun Hu, John A. Zaia, Jiing-Kuan Yee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hold promise for efficient gene delivery into human hematopoietic cells. In this study, HIV vectors containing different combinations of cis-acting elements, including the HIV central flap sequence, and the woodchuck posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE) in combination with two different promoters, were used to transduce primary human lymphocytes and cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells. The effect of these elements on the transduction efficiency and transgene expression was systematically evaluated. The results demonstrate that with the combination of flap, WPRE sequences, and the promoter derived from spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV), a foreign gene can be efficiently delivered into primary human T lymphocytes and cord blood CD34+ cells. The study establishes the parameters for proper vector design to efficiently deliver foreign genes into human hematopoietic cells. Vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hold promise for efficient gene delivery into human hematopoietic cells. In this study, HIV vectors containing different combinations of cis-acting elements, including the HIV central flap sequence, and the woodchuck posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE) in combination with two different promoters, were used to transduce primary human lymphocytes and cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells. The effect of these elements on the transduction efficiency and transgene expression was systematically evaluated. The results demonstrate that with the combination of flap, WPRE sequences, and the promoter derived from spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV), a foreign gene can be efficiently delivered into primary human T lymphocytes and cord blood CD34+ cells. The study establishes the parameters for proper vector design to efficiently deliver foreign genes into human hematopoietic cells.
Vaccine against traveler's diarrhea nearing readiness for clinical trials
Authors: Michael Reed
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Despite its humorous aliases, such as the Aztec two-step, Montezuma's revenge, and turista , traveler's diarrhea is hardly a joke. With almost half of US visitors to a host of countries coming down with this uncomfortable, debilitating, and sometimes dangerous condition, the strong possibility of a vaccine against the offending organism is good news indeed.  Speaking at the recent Digestive Disease Week meetings in Chicago, gastroenterologist LTC Edgar C. Boedeker, MC, USA, of Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington, DC, described progress toward such a vaccine. The broad plan is to thwart the action of the strains of Escherichia coli that cause the disorder by keeping them from adhering to cells lining the intestine, particularly the small intestine. If they cannot adhere, they pass harmlessly from the body.  Normally, the bacteria attach to the mucosa with their pili, and it is against these threadlike projections that Boedeker and his
Clinical features of central airway involvement in autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: H. Yamamoto, M. Yasuo, M. Ito, T. Yokoyama, H. Hamano, T. Uehara, S. Kawakami, K. Kubo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is characterised by a high serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 concentration and various extrapancreatic complications, including those of the lung [1]. Therefore, AIP is currently not viewed as a separate disease entity, but as the pancreatic involvement of a systemic IgG4-related disease [2]. We previously reported a patient with AIP showing central airway stenosis and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) similar to sarcoidosis [3]. Following this case, we prospectively identified an additional five patients with AIP who revealed similar airway findings (and BHL) in our department from September 2007 to January 2009. The six patients (including the first patient) met the diagnostic criteria of AIP proposed by Japanese Pancreatic Society in 2006 [1]. In order to update the available clinical and therapeutic information on central airway involvement in AIP, we performed airway biopsies and other examinations in these six patients.

All six patients gave their written informed consent for the performance of bronchoscopy and blood sampling. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and IgG4 concentrations were measured at Special Reference Laboratories Inc. (Tokyo, Japan), and interleukin (IL)-6 was measured at Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed with a multidetector row helical CT scanner (LightSpeed VCT; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with both inspiratory and expiratory views [4]. All CT images were reviewed by two radiologists (S. Kawakami and Y. Fujinaga, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan) [4]. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy (BF 1T-240 or 1T-260; Olympus corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was performed, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and bronchial biopsy were achieved according to our routine protocol [5]. The TBLB was carried out in the right upper lobe (S2 and S3) and the bronchial biopsy …
When Walking Fails
Authors: Judith M. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Iezzoni 1 makes an eloquent plea for greater physician understanding and knowledge of the many issues concerning ambulation and wheelchairs. Her problem was not only her own physician's lack of familiarity with walking difficulties, wheelchairs, and wheelchair technology, but also the physician's unfamiliarity with a specialty that is very familiar with these issues.  Dr Iezzoni would have benefited from a referral to a physiatrist: a physician specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation who is skilled in treating persons with disabilities.  The physiatrist would have been able to perform a functional evaluation and assist her to maximize her independent mobility. This would include the possibility of ambulation with an assistive device, possibly with bracing or other rehabilitative interventions, as well as helping with the prescription and acquisition of the most effective, comfortable, and safe wheelchair. Many individuals who can ambulate shorter distances will also benefit from the use of a
Doctors on Horseback: Pioneers of American Medicine
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dover Books is to be congratulated. This publisher has consistently brought beautifully produced, high-quality books within the range of many readers. The author's pride in this, his first book, originally published 32 years ago, is readily understandable. It is an enthralling and impressive work and still deserves to be widely read. All who are interested in the development of medicine in America before the Civil War will enjoy the rich sketches of the life and deeds of Mr. Flexner's heroes: John Morgan and the beginnings of medical education in Philadelphia; Benjamin Rush and the practice of medicine around 1800; Ephraim McDowell and frontier surgery; Daniel Drake and the life and times along the Ohio River; William Beaumont and physiological experimentation; and Crawford Long and William Morton in the discovery of anesthesia. The format of this reprint is much superior to its paperback predecessor. The book should make many new friends
CABG vs. Stenting — Clinical Implications of the SYNTAX Trial
Authors: Thomas H. Lee, L. David Hillis, Elizabeth G. Nabel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In the international SYNTAX trial, 1800 patients with three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to either revascularization with coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention involving drug-eluting stents. The need for repeat revascularization was significantly lower with CABG, but the risk of stroke was significantly higher — a tradeoff that must be considered in making clinical decisions regarding patients with advanced coronary disease. In a roundtable discussion moderated by Dr. Thomas Lee, cardiologists David Hillis and Elizabeth Nabel debate the implications of these findings for clinical practice.View the video of this roundtable discussion, participate . . .
School eye clinics.
Authors: J Primrose
Journal: BMJ (1973)

<h3>Background</h3> The immunosuppression of systemic diseases makes the management of patients with tuberculosis more complicated. <h3>Purpose</h3> To monitor the clinical evolution of tuberculosis in patients suffering from systemic diseases. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> A retrospective study, from 1998 to 2012, in the internal medicine service in Rabta hospital, Tunisia, of 9 patients (8 women and a man, median age: 54 years) suffering from connective tissues disease, treated by corticosteroids linked in one or several treatments to immunosuppressants, who subsequently developed tuberculosis. <h3>Results</h3> The median time to diagnosis was 116 days (7d – 1 year). The location of the tuberculosis was pulmonary (n = 2), ganglionic (n = 3), urogenital (n = 2), tubercular spondylodiscitis (n = 1), more than one location (n = 1). The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by bacteriology (n = 4) four cases, histologically (n = 5) and by a test treatment (n = 1). Systemic illnesses were: systemic lupus erythematous (n = 5), Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome (secondary or primary) (n = 3), sarcoidosis (n = 1), systemic scleroderma linked to pernicious anaemia (n = 1), rheumatoid arthritis (patient 2 linked to lupus) (n = 1) and multiple auto-immune syndrome (n = 1). The diagnosis of systematic illness was made before that of tuberculosis in 8 patients and concomitantly in only one. Under treatment by four drugs then by two drugs, the evolution of tuberculosis was favourable in five of nine patients. One of the patients developed an allergy in isoniazid and resistance to the anti-tubercular treatment. Five of our patients recovered from their illness. <h3>Conclusions </h3> This study confirms the often extra-pulmonary character of tuberculosis in patients with systemic disease as well as the difficulty of diagnosis and problems multiplied by this association. No conflict of interest.
Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With Central Obesity in a Rural Japanese Population: The Tanno and Sobetssu Study
Authors: Hirofumi Ohnishi, Shigeyuki Saitohi, Satoru Takagii, Nobuo Katohi, Yu Chibai, Hiroshi Akasakai, Yosuke Nakamurai, Kazuaki Shimamotoi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We are grateful for Dr. Oda’s comments (1) on our recent report (2) regarding the usefulness of central obesity assessed by waist circumference in clinical risk assessment for type 2 diabetes in Japanese people. We agree with his opinion that the current Japanese cutoff points for central obesity (85 cm for men and 90 cm for women) are problematic and that there is ground for controversy.

We recalculated the risk of central obesity assessed by waist circumference for type 2 diabetes, applying the cutoff …
Unintended Consequences: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Work-Hour Rules in Practice
Authors: Jason Ryan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

On Being a Doctor5 July 2005Unintended Consequences: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Work-Hour Rules in PracticeJason Ryan, MD, MPHJason Ryan, MD, MPHFrom Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-1-200507050-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Seventy-nine-year-old Doris K. was admitted to the hospital with weakness at a bad time for my team and me, especially considering the limits of the new 80-hour workweek. It had been a frenetic day. We were swamped with 11 patients who came before Doris K., and her weakness brought us to a dozen. Keeping up was exacting, made worse by the pace: Six new admissions hit the floor in just 3 hours. As one of the interns succinctly put it, we were "getting spanked." But in addition to the volume of admissions, our night felt increasingly overwhelming from a unique ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215.Corresponding Author: Jason Ryan, MD, MPH, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; e-mail, [email protected]harvard.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUnintended Consequences Ellis M. Knight Unintended Consequences Steven J. Zanders Unintended Consequences Jason Ryan Metrics Cited byFour Fundamental Educational Principles"The Benefits Make Up for Whatever Is Lost"Regulation of Medical Student Work Hours: A National Survey of DeansPatient Handoffs: Pediatric Resident Experiences and Lessons LearnedTime and learning efficiency in Internet-based learning: a systematic review and meta-analysisRedesigning Residency Education — Moving beyond Work HoursAdapting Web-based Instruction to Residents' Knowledge Improves Learning EfficiencyPerceived Impact of Duty Hours Regulations: A Survey of Residents and Program DirectorsAttaining Resident Duty Hours Compliance: The Acute Care Nurse Practitioners Program at Olive View???UCLA Medical CenterGraduate Medical Education and Patient Safety: A Busy—and Occasionally Hazardous—IntersectionKaveh G. Shojania, MD, Kathlyn E. Fletcher, MD, MA, and Sanjay Saint, MD, MPHUnintended ConsequencesEllis M. Knight, MDUnintended ConsequencesSteven J. Zanders, DOAre 80 Hours Per Week Enough or Too Little for Residents and Fellows? 5 July 2005Volume 143, Issue 1Page: 82-83KeywordsFatigueGraduate medical educationHealth careHistory of medicineHospital medicineLength of stayPatientsResidencySleepSleep deprivation ePublished: 5 July 2005 Issue Published: 5 July 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
CHD7 Expression Predicts Survival Outcomes in Patients with Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lauren E. Colbert, Aleksandra V. Petrova, Sarah B. Fisher, Brooke G. Pantazides, Matthew Z. Madden, Claire W. Hardy, Matthew D. Warren, Yunfeng Pan, Ganji P. Nagaraju, Elaine A. Liu, Burcu Saka, William A. Hall, Joseph W. Shelton, Khanjan Gandhi, Rini Pauly, Jeanne Kowalski, David A. Kooby, Bassel F. El-Rayes, Charles A. Staley, N. Volkan Adsay, Walter J. Curran, Jerome C. Landry, Shishir K. Maithel, David S. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with poor outcomes with current therapies. Gemcitabine is the primary adjuvant drug used clinically, but its effectiveness is limited. In this study, our objective was to use a rationale-driven approach to identify novel biomarkers for outcome in patients with early-stage resected PDAC treated with adjuvant gemcitabine. Using a synthetic lethal screen in human PDAC cells, we identified 93 genes, including 55 genes linked to DNA damage responses (DDR), that demonstrated gemcitabine sensitization when silenced, including CHD7, which functions in chromatin remodeling. CHD7 depletion sensitized PDAC cells to gemcitabine and delayed their growth in tumor xenografts. Moreover, CHD7 silencing impaired ATR-dependent phosphorylation of CHK1 and increased DNA damage induced by gemcitabine. CHD7 was dysregulated, ranking above the 90th percentile in differential expression in a panel of PDAC clinical specimens, highlighting its potential as a biomarker. Immunohistochemical analysis of specimens from 59 patients with resected PDAC receiving adjuvant gemcitabine revealed that low CHD7 expression was associated with increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), in univariate and multivariate analyses. Notably, CHD7 expression was not associated with RFS or OS for patients not receiving gemcitabine. Thus, low CHD7 expression was correlated selectively with gemcitabine sensitivity in this patient population. These results supported our rationale-driven strategy to exploit dysregulated DDR pathways in PDAC to identify genetic determinants of gemcitabine sensitivity, identifying CHD7 as a novel biomarker candidate to evaluate further for individualizing PDAC treatment. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2677–87. ©2014 AACR.