tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-66 Risk stratification after endovascular treatment in claudicant patients with Iliofemoral artery disease
Authors: Takashi Miura, Yoshimitsu Soga, Yusuke Miyashita, Osamu Iida, Soichiro Ebisawa, Takeshi Tomita, Jun Koyama, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Principles of Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: John E. Hoopes
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Medical students, surgical house officers, and others initiating training in surgery of the head and neck will be well advised to utilize the recent work by Dr. Freund as a basic reference text. Considerable information previously available only in widely scattered individual reports is presented in a correlative manner and supported by an extensive bibliography. The rationale of treatment of head and neck malignancy is presented comprehensively, with emphasis on the respective roles of surgical management versus irradiation therapy. Excellent discussions are directed toward the fundamental issues of diagnosis and methods of examination, behavior of head and neck tumors, basic operative technique, and postoperative care. One is particularly impressed with the vignettes devoted to describing various tumors on the basis of primary site of origin, in terms of elucidation of basic pathology, behavioral characteristics, rationale of management, and results of treatment. A major purpose of the text is to provide
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HYPOGLYCEMIC SHOCK TREATMENT AND CONTROL OBSERVATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: J. NOTKIN, C. E. NILES, F. J. DENATALE, G. WITTMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

A group of 100 patients of the predominantly chronic type of schizophrenia, equally divided by sex, underwent a course of hypoglycemic shock treatment while 69 patients—36 men and 33 women—were observed as controls. Fifteen other patients, eight men and seven women have improved spontaneously while in preparation for treatment. The report is based on the state of the patients eight months to two years after termination of treatment or control observation. Various degrees of improvement took place in 36 per cent of the treated patients, a lower percentage than generally reported. The percentage of improvement in the control group was 21.7. The percentage of improvement in the combined control and spontaneously improved group was 35.7 or about the same as in the treated group. Relapses took place in 47 per cent of the treated patients, in 33.3 per cent of control cases and in 24 per cent of the combined control and spontaneously improved patients. The treatment was the cause of death in 3 per cent of cases. "Recovery" occurred in only slightly over 7 per cent among treated patients with psychosis of not more than 18 months' duration. The same rate of "recovery" took place among the combined control and spontaneously improved patients with psychosis of less than si months' duration. The percentage of "improved" ranged from 75.0 to 21.5 in the treated group, from 75.0 to 8.8 in the control group and from 57.0 to 12.2 in the combined control and spontaneously improved group, in proportion to the duration of the psychosis. "Lack of improvement" ranged from 12.5 per cent to 78.5 per cent in the treated group, from 25.0 per cent to 86.8 per cent in the control group and from 7.2 per cent to 79.7 per cent in the combined control and spontaneously improved group, in proportion to the duration of the psychosis. The duration of the psychosis in the improved treated, improved control and in the spontaneously improved patients was shorter than in the unimproved patients. The highest percentage of relapses occurred among patients with psychosis of longer duration. Both treated and control patients with psychosis of shorter duration had the longest lasting remissions.
Stenting in chronic coronary occlusion (SICCO): A randomized, controlled trial of adding stent implantation after successful angioplasty
Authors: Per Anton Sirnes, Svein Gold, Yngvar Myreng, Per Mølstad, Håkean Emanuelsson, Per Albertsson, Magne Brekke, Arild Mangschau, Knut Endresen, John Kjekshus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Disability Transitions and Health Expectancies among Adults 45 Years and Older in Malawi: A Cohort-Based Model
Authors: Collin F. Payne, James Mkandawire, Hans-Peter Kohler
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Collin Payne and colleagues investigated development of disabilities and years expected to live with disabilities in participants 45 years and older participating in the Malawi Longitudinal Survey of Families and Health. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Ramón Martos, John Baugh, Mark Ledwidge, Christina O’Loughlin, Carmel Conlon, Anil Patle, Seamas C. Donnelly, Kenneth McDonald
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The pathophysiology of diastolic heart failure (DHF) is poorly understood. One potential explanation is an active fibrotic process that produces increased ventricular stiffness, which compromises filling. The present study investigates collagen metabolism in hypertensive patients in different phases of diastolic function with and without proven DHF.We studied 86 hypertensive patients divided into groups according to the presence of DHF (32 with, 54 without) and phase of diastolic function (20 with normal function, 38 with impaired relaxation, 10 with pseudonormalization, and 16 with restrictive-like filling). Serum carboxy-terminal, amino-terminal, and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of procollagen type I, amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; total MMP-1, active MMP-2, and MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of MMPs levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay and ELISA. Doppler-echocardiographic assessment of diastolic filling was made with measurements of E/A ratio, E-wave deceleration time, and isovolumic relaxation time. Serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of procollagen type I, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of procollagen type I, amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels (P<0.001 for all, controlled for age and gender) were greater in patients with DHF than in those without. When we controlled for age and gender, levels of serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of procollagen type I, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1, amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (all P<0.001), carboxy-terminal telopeptide of procollagen type I (P=0.008), and MMP-2 (P=0.03) were greater in more severe phases of diastolic dysfunction. Within phases of diastolic dysfunction, serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of procollagen type I, amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were elevated in those with DHF compared with those without DHF (all P<0.001).These data demonstrate serological evidence of an active fibrotic process in DHF, which is more marked in more severe diastolic dysfunction. This observation may help explain the pathophysiology of DHF and may suggest new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
The Microcytic Red Cell and the Anemia of Inflammation
Authors: Siobán B. Keel, Janis L. Abkowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A recent description of an alternative messenger RNA transcript of the iron-export protein ferroportin opens the door to understanding how duodenal cells maintain dietary-iron absorption when the body is iron deficient and how mean corpuscular volume is regulated in the contexts of iron deficiency and inflammatory disorders.
Folate-rich diet does not significantly reduce the homocysteine levels as compared with the usual secondary prevention recommendations in patients with coronary artery disease: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Huerin Melina, B. Rolong, R. Henquin, R. Zilberberg, C. Gambarte, O. Mendoza, M. Kriskovich, N. Vainstein, C. Zeballos, L. Guzman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Smoking and Death Rates
Authors: Sir Richard Doll
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In 1958, Cuyler Hammond and Daniel Horn<sup>1,2</sup>published two articles in consecutive issues ofThe Journalthat made outstanding contributions to medical science. The first article described the remarkable enterprise undertaken by the American Cancer Society to determine the effects of smoking and reported the results in terms of the total mortality from all causes associated with different smoking habits.<sup>1</sup>The second, which is reproduced in this issue ofThe Journal, described the spectrum of diseases associated with smoking and the extent to which the differences in mortality in the different groups of smokers might actually be due to differences in what they had smoked.<sup>2</sup> Hammond and Horn's study broke new ground in two ways. First, it showed that it was possible to elicit useful information about personal habits from as many as 200,000 persons, follow them up for several years, and obtain information about their causes
Clostridium septicum Infections and Malignancy
Authors: Robert J. Alpern
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Twenty-eight patients had infections due to<i>Clostridium septicum</i>; 21 of them had documented septicemia. A malignancy was present in 23 of the 27 patients for whom hospital records were available. In three, an intestinal tumor was found one to two months after<i>C septicum</i>was cultured. In contrast with wartime reports, no wound infections due to this organism were observed in otherwise healthy individuals. Of the 27 patients, 13 of 15 treated with antibiotics survived, but 11 of 12 in the untreated group died. In each case the source of the organism was probably the patient's own intestinal tract.
Pleuroperitoneal Communication Associated with Malignant Ascites
Authors: ARNOLD F. JACOBSON, MANUEL D. CERQUEIRA, HAZEL B. BREITZ, MARKUS A. WHITLEY, CELESTIA S. HIGANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A patient with metastatic gastric carcinoma and malignant ascites developed sudden-onset dyspnea secondary to a new large left pleural effusion. A radionuclide lung scan performed for suspected pulmonary embolism was indeterminate. Scintigraphy performed following intraperitoneal administration of Tc-99m sulfur colloid subsequently demonstrated rapid accumulation of activity in the left pleural space, indicating the presence of a pleuroperitoneal communication. In a patient with known or suspected ascites, a new pleural effusion, and an indeterminate lung scan, peritoneal scintigraphy may identify the origin of the effusion and obviate the need for further invasive evaluation for possible pulmonary embolism.
High marks for hyperthyroid therapies
Authors: William Check
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Favorable assessments of two treatments for hyperthyroidism were presented at the recent meeting of the American Thyroid Association. Colum Gorman, MB, PhD, consultant in endocrinology at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, reported that single-dose treatment with the radioactive isotope iodine 131 in a woman with hyperthyroidism results in only a small amount of irradiation to the ovaries. Dorraine W. Slingerland, MD, of the Boston Veterans Administration and Peter Bent Brigham hospitals, reviewed 25 years of treating hyperthyroidism with drugs and reported a high incidence of long-term remissions. When<sup>131</sup>I treatment for hyperthyroidism was introduced about 30 years ago, its use was limited to older people because of fears about induction of cancer or genetic damage by the radiation. Over the years, experience has seemed to warrant reduction of the minimum age to 40 years. But many people with hyperthyroidism are between ages 20 and 40 years, and a majority
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver but worsens liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice
Authors: Hyo-Jung Kwon, Young-Suk Won, Ogyi Park, Binxia Chang, Michael J. Duryee, Geoffrey E. Thiele, Akiko Matsumoto, Surendra Singh, Mohamed A. Abdelmegeed, Byoung-Joon Song, Toshihiro Kawamoto, Vasilis Vasiliou, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is the major enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde produced from alcohol metabolism. Approximately 40-50% of East Asians carry an inactive ALDH2 gene and exhibit acetaldehyde accumulation after alcohol consumption. However, the role of ALDH2 deficiency in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury remains obscure. In the present study, wild-type and ALDH2(-/-) mice were subjected to ethanol feeding and/or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) treatment, and liver injury was assessed. Compared with wild-type mice, ethanol-fed ALDH2(-/-) mice had higher levels of malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) adduct and greater hepatic inflammation, with higher hepatic interleukin (IL)-6 expression but surprisingly lower levels of steatosis and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Higher IL-6 levels were also detected in ethanol-treated precision-cut liver slices from ALDH2(-/-) mice and in Kupffer cells isolated from ethanol-fed ALDH2(-/-) mice than those levels in wild-type mice. In vitro incubation with MAA enhanced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated stimulation of IL-6 production in Kupffer cells. In agreement with these findings, hepatic activation of the major IL-6 downstream signaling molecule signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was higher in ethanol-fed ALDH2(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. An additional deletion of hepatic STAT3 increased steatosis and hepatocellular damage in ALDH2(-/-) mice. Finally, ethanol-fed ALDH2(-/-) mice were more prone to CCl4 -induced liver inflammation and fibrosis than ethanol-fed wild-type mice. ALDH2(-/-) mice are resistant to ethanol-induced steatosis but prone to inflammation and fibrosis by way of MAA-mediated paracrine activation of IL-6 in Kupffer cells. These findings suggest that alcohol, by way of acetaldehyde and its associated adducts, stimulates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis independent from causing hepatocyte death, and that ALDH2-deficient individuals may be resistant to steatosis and blood ALT elevation, but are prone to liver inflammation and fibrosis following alcohol consumption.
Treatment of Sterility
Authors: M. M. White
Journal: BMJ (1939)

MIEDICAL JOURNAL infection, and (b) twenty cases, resistant to the older methods of treatment, receiving tuleron at a late stage of infection.3. The first group, after a period of observation including test of cure, gave 74 per cent.cures, 17 per cent.failures, and 9 per cent.relapses.The second group gave five "failures" out of the twenty cases.4. With the dosage used in this series (11 grammes per three-day course) no alarming drug reactions were observed.Three complained of slight headache, four of slight nausea, and two developed a generalized urticaria, which cleared up in about a week on cessation of the drug.No polyneuritis was encountered.1 have pleasure in expressing my thanks to Mr. A. E. Robertson, a member of my staff, for the valuable assistance rendered in the investigation of my cases.
Nosocomial Pneumonia and Mortality Among Patients in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Jean-Yves Fagon
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To evaluate the role that nosocomial pneumonia plays in the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Cohort study.Medical ICU, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France, an academic tertiary care center.A total of 1978 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU for at least 48 hours.Various parameters known to be strongly associated with death of ICU patients were recorded: age, location before admission to the ICU, diagnostic categories, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Simplified Acute Physiologic Score, McCabe score, number and type of dysfunctional organs, and the development of nosocomial bacteremia and nosocomial urinary tract infection. These variables and the presence or absence of nosocomial pneumonia were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors and entered into a stepwise logistic regression model to evaluate their independent prognostic roles.Nosocomial pneumonia developed in 328 patients (16.6%) whose mortality was 52.4% compared with 22.4% for patients without ICU-acquired pneumonia (P < .001), APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.10; P < .001), number of dysfunctional organs (OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.74; P < .001), nosocomial pneumonia (OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.55 to 2.80; P < .001), nosocomial bacteremia (OR = 2.51; 95% CI, 1.78 to 3.55; P < .001), ultimately or rapidly fatal underlying disease (OR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.38 to 2.25; P < .001), and admission from another ICU (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.68; P =.04) were significantly associated with mortality.These data suggest that, in addition to the severity of underlying medical conditions and nosocomial bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia independently contributes to ICU patient mortality.
Exposure to 4-tert-octylphenol accelerates sexual differentiation and disrupts expression of steroidogenic factor 1 in developing bullfrogs.
Authors: Loretta P Mayer, Cheryl A Dyer, Catherine R Propper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Sex-specific gonadal steroidogenesis during development is critical to differentiation of the sexually dimorphic phenotype and reproductive function of adult organisms. Environmental contaminants may affect the process of sexual differentiation through disruption of steroid production and/or action. Control of the steroidogenic metabolic pathway is regulated partly by P450 cytochrome hydroxylases, and the expression of many of these enzymes is controlled by the orphan nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). In mammals, SF-1 expression is critical for development of the reproductive axis and adult reproductive function. In the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, during sequential stages of development encompassing sexual differentiation, SF-1 protein expression becomes elevated in ovaries of sexually differentiating females, whereas expression in testes decreases. We exposed tadpoles to the industrial pollutant octylphenol (OP) for 24 hr before and during the critical stages of sexual differentiation to determine whether this known endocrine disruptor affects sex differentiation and SF-1 expression. We found that both females and males treated with an environmentally relevant low dose (10(-9)M) of OP underwent early gonadal differentiation. Furthermore, OP exposure disrupted the sexually dimorphic expression of SF-1 that occurs during sexual differentiation. Our results suggest that OP exposure may affect developmental processes that could ultimately influence adult reproductive function and that these disruptive effects may be mediated in partly through disturbances in gene regulation by SF-1.
A Clinical Evaluation of the RNCA Study Using Fourier Filtering as a Preprocessing Method
Authors: WILLIAM ROBESON, KARL E. ALCAN, MARTIN C. GRAHAM, CHRISTOPHER PALESTRO, FRANCIS H. OLIVER, RICHARD S. BENUA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Forty-one patients (25 male, 16 female) were studied by RNCA in our institution. There were 42 rest studies and 24 stress studies (66 studies total). Sixteen patients were normal, 15 had ASHD, seven had a cardiomyopathy, and three had left-sided valvular regurgitation. Each study was preprocessed using both the standard nine-point smoothing method and Fourier filtering. Amplitude and phase images were also generated. Both preprocessing methods were compared with respect to image quality, border definition, reliability and reproducibility of the LVEF, and cine wall motion interpretation. Image quality and border definition were judged superior by the consensus of two independent observers in 65 of 66 studies (98%) using Fourier filtered data. The LVEF differed between the two processes by greater than .05 in 17 of 66 studies (26%) including five studies in which the LVEF could not be determined using nine-point smoothed data. LV wall motion was normal by both techniques in all control patients by cine analysis. However, cine wall motion analysis using Fourier filtered data demonstrated additional abnormalities in 17 of 25 studies (68%) in the ASHD group, including three uninterpretable studies using nine-point smoothed data. In the cardiomyopathy/valvular heart disease group, ten of 18 studies (56%)had additional wall motion abnormalities sing Fourier filtered data (including four uninterpretable studies using nine-point smoothed data). We conclude that Fourier filtering is superior to the nine-point smooth preprocessing method now in general use in terms of image quality, border definition, generation of an LVEF, and cine wall motion analysis. The advent of the array processor makes routine preprocessing by Fourier filtering a feasible technologic advance in the development of the RNCA study.
EFFECT OF REMOTE ISCHEMIC CONDITIONING ON VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Tomokazu Iguchi, Yasuhiko Takemoto, Kenei Shimada, Kenichiro Otsuka, Koki Nakanishi, Kenji Matsumoto, Eiichi Hyodo, Akihisa Hanatani, Takashi Muro, Minoru Yoshiyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Comparing cannabis with tobacco--again
Authors: S. Sidney
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Link between cannabis and mortality is still not established 

A recent editorial in this journal implied that as many as 30 000 deaths in Britain every year might be caused by smoking cannabis.1 The authors reasoned that since the prevalence of smoking cannabis is about one quarter that of smoking tobacco the number of deaths attributable to smoking cannabis might be about one quarter of the number attributed to tobacco cigarettes (about 120 000). The idea that the use of cannabis increases mortality is worthy of closer examination. How do we assess this issue?

Firstly, we need to examine published data regarding use of cannabis and mortality. These data come from two large studies. The first study done in a cohort of 45 450 male Swedish conscripts, age 18-20 when interviewed about the use of cannabis, reported no increase in the 15 year mortality associated with the use of cannabis after social factors were taken into account.2 The second study was performed in a cohort of 65 171 men and women age 15-49, who were members of a large health maintenance organisation in California, United States. They completed a questionnaire assessing their use of cannabis, and reported no increase in mortality associated with use …
Primary care: the cornerstone of diagnosis of allergic rhinitis
Authors: D. Ryan, C. Van Weel, J. Bousquet, E. Toskala, S. Ahlstedt, S. Palkonen, L. Van Den Nieuwenhof, T. Zuberbier, M. Wickman, W. Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common disease with over 600 million people (200 million of them with concomitant asthma) worldwide suffering from it. The majority of patients who seek medical advice are seen in primary care. Although there is a selection of guidelines focused on the management of AR, there is a paucity of guidance on how best to identify patients who would most benefit from treatment. The aim of this paper was to review the best practice for primary care with respect to the diagnosis of AR within that clinical environment.
The Sequential Probability Ratio Test Applied to the Design of Clinical Experiments
Authors: Anthony F. Bartholomay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IDEALLY, any experiment should be terminated as soon as sufficient data are at hand to warrant the acceptance or rejection of the proposed hypothesis at an acceptable level of statistical significance. Unfortunately, the most commonly employed statistical tests fail to predict the expected number of observations before the experiment is begun, or to indicate the point of termination once the experiment is in progress. The advantage of a statistical design that simultaneously accomplishes both ends and also gives this information for a specified degree of statistical acceptability is obvious. Such a procedure for certain classes of experiments, clinical and otherwise, . . .