tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aminophylline and Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sami Viskin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 September 1993Aminophylline and Cardiac ArrestSami Viskin, MD, David Sheps, MD, and Arie Roth, MDSami Viskin, MDSearch for more papers by this author, David Sheps, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Arie Roth, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The poor ultimate outcome of our patients is best explained by study criteria requiring at least four injections before concluding that they failed to respond to epinephrine and atropine; thus, only patients with prolonged asystole were included in our study [1]. The ability of epinephrine plus aminophylline (as first-line treatment for asystole) to improve long-term outcome through faster re-establishment of spontaneous cardiac rhythm must, as Drs. Varon and Fromm point out, be proven by controlled studies. Currently, aminophylline can only be recommended for patients with bradyasystolic arrest in whom standard treatment [2] has failed.In accordance with present ...References1. Viskin S, Belhassen B, Roth A, Reicher M, Averbuch M, Sheps D, et al. Aminophylline for bradyasystolic cardiac arrest refractory to atropine and epinephrine. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:279-81. Google Scholar2. Emergency Cardiac Care Committee and Subcommittees, American Heart Association. Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care: III. Adult advanced cardiac life support. JAMA. 1992; 268:2199-241. Google Scholar3. Lacy CR, Rodby RA, Insel J, Gumprecht EC, Kostis JB. Comparison of central and peripheral venous routes of medication administration during closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans (Abstract). Crit Care Med. 1987; 15:369. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 6Page: 536KeywordsArteriesAtropineDrugsEpinephrineHeartResuscitationVeins Issue Published: 15 September 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
On Phagedaenic Carbuncle
Authors: G. F. Masterman
Journal: BMJ (1883)

THIE BMITISh 'tDIA JOURIUNL.[March 17 1888, sible what went before, as if in a hurry to display its own signs?Or, according to a less transcendental view, we may regard diff'tent elements of skiii-texture as affected by certain morbid influences, one after the other; and the wonder is, that a person at such an &1- vanced age should be able to survive the shock of so many cutaneous lesions.ON PHAGEDSENIO CARBUNCLE.
Computer based prescribing
Authors: J. Wyatt, R. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Improves decision making and reduces costs

This month the British National Formulary goes electronic. Since it was first published in 1981 the paper version of the formulary has provided doctors and pharmacists with biannually updated information on all drugs that can be prescribed in Britain. It is now available on CD ROM.1 The move is welcome because there is growing evidence that tools for computer based prescribing help doctors to make better and cheaper prescribing decisions.

Doctors in Britain prescribe drugs costing pounds sterling3.3bn annually, pounds sterling450m of which could potentially be saved.2 But deciding which drug to prescribe can be difficult.3 One in 20 admissions to hospital is for the treatment of side effects related to drugs or the results of drug interactions4 (perhaps due to the difficulties that doctors have in calculating drug doses5) or other prescribing problems.3

Various approaches to improving the quality of prescribing have been tested. Local formularies and visits by prescribing advisers seem to improve the appropriateness of prescribing and reduce the costs,6 7 and computer based prescribing seems to confer similar benefits. Almost …
TCT-436 Ex Vivo Shunt Thrombogenicity: A Comparison of XIENCE Everolimus-Eluting Stents to Contemporary Biodegradable Polymer-Coated Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Qi Cheng, Alexander Sheehy, Kenichi Sakakura, Kazuyuki Yahagi, Robert Kutys, LAURA E. Perkins, Elena Ladich, Michael Joner, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Hypothyroidism and depression. Evidence from complete thyroid function evaluation
Authors: M. S. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To evaluate the relationship between hypothyroidism and depression, thyroid function was evaluated in 250 consecutive patients referred to a psychiatric hospital for treatment of depression or anergia. Twenty of the 250 patients had some degree of hypothyroidism. Two patients (less than 1%) were identified with grade 1 (overt); nine patients (3.6%), grade 2 (mild); and ten patients (4%), grade 3 (subclinical) hypothyroidism. These results suggest that a significant proportion of patients with depression and anergia may have early hypothyroidism, the cases of about half of which are detected only by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) testing. Because hypothyroidism can produce signs and symptoms of depression and can coexist as a second illness in depressed patients, patients with early hypothyroidism may be candidates for thyroid replacement therapy. Clinical examination and measurement of triiodothyronine resin uptake thyroxine and baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and TSH response to TRH are necessary to identify candidates for thyroid replacement among cases diagnosed by descriptive criteria as having either major or minor depression, particularly those that are atypical or treatment resistant.
The changing face of dermatology out-patient referrals in the south-east of Scotland
Authors: D.W.S. HARRIS, E.C. BENTON, J.A.A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

A study of out-patient dermatological services (NHS and private) in the south-east of Scotland was carried out by medical staff in the Department of Dermatology in Edinburgh during the month of November 1988. The aim was to assess changes in referral patterns and workload compared with the findings of an identical investigation undertaken in November 1981. Of particular interest were the possible effects of recent publicity campaigns aimed at increasing public awareness about skin cancer. The medical complement of the dermatology department had changed minimally since 1981 and the population increase in the south-east of Scotland over the same period was 1.5%. During November 1988 1592 new patients and 2037 review patients were seen. This represented an increase of 29.2% and 28.3%, respectively, since 1981. The most striking changes in diagnostic groups were a 173% rise in new cases presenting with benign tumours (excluding viral warts) and a 106% increase in new patients with malignant tumours. Viral warts and eczema were, as in 1981, the second and third most common diagnostic categories amongst new patients. There was a 98% increase in the number of surgical procedures performed on new patients compared with 1981. We conclude that the substantial increase in numbers of both benign and malignant tumours and the consequent doubling in surgical treatments was due to increased public awareness and concern about skin cancer.
Acute renal failure due to severe rhabdomyolysis: a rare clinical manifestation of atrial myxoma
Authors: Gerrit Hagenah, Michael Klinger, Ulf Nagorsnik, Miriam Puls, Stefan Schweyer, Gerhard A. Mueller, Sabine Blaschke
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)

Rhabdomyolysis is usually caused by physical, infectious or toxic factors and may be complicated by acute renal failure (ARF) associated with a high mortality rate of more than 20% [1]. We report about a very unusual, but emergent cause of severe rhabdomyolysis due to peripheral embolism of a left atrial myxoma.

A 36-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital due to lumbalgia. Patient’s history revealed neither traumatic injury nor intake of drugs. Clinical examination only showed right-sided weakness in ankle dorsiflexion, hip flexion and adduction. Vital parameters, ECG findings, X-ray and MRI of the lumbar spine were normal. Laboratory tests revealed highly elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (286,580 U/l, n: ≤270 U/l), myoglobin (56,000 μg/l, n: ≤75 μg/l), lactate dehydrogenase (4,926 U/l, n: ≤232 U/l), aspartate aminotransferase (4,263 U/l, n: ≤35 U/l), alanine aminotransferase (701 U/l, n: ≤45 U/l) levels and inflammation parameters (CRP 145 mg/l, n: ≤8 mg/l). Renal function was impaired (creatinine 173 μmol/l, n: 61–104 μmol/l; urea-N 5 mmol/l, n: 1.3–3.5 mmol/l; uric acid 655 μmol/l, n: 208–440 μmol/l; glomerular filtration rate 31 ml/min, n: 80–170 ml/min/1.73 m2). Kidney ultrasonography revealed no signs of hydronephrosis or perfusion defects. MRI of pelvis and thighs due to the development of acute myalgias in the right leg demonstrated compartment syndrome of the M. iliopsoas and femoral muscles. After emergent fasciotomy, transthoracic echocardiography performed due to hemodynamic instability demonstrated a left atrial inhomogenous mass (Fig. 1a). Furthermore, MRI angiography initiated due to signs of lower extremity vascular occlusion revealed a circumscribed perfusion defect at the aortic bifurcation (Fig. 1b). Surgical removal of the atrial mass and its aortic embolus was immediately performed and histopathology revealed a typical cardiac myxoma (Fig. 1c). Patient’s postoperative course was complicated by ARF, arrhythmias and serious infections. However, multiple organ dysfunction could completely be restored after 6 weeks of intensive care management.



Fig. 1

Embolism of a left atrial cardiac myxoma a Echocardiography. Four-chamber image from ECG-gated line-balanced fast field echo pulse sequence showed an intra-atrial mass (arrow) with attachment to the inter-atrial septum. LA left atrial cavity, LV left ...
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor as a Biochemical Marker of Exercise-Induced Ischemia
Authors: Jian-Wei Gu, Derek Santiago, Yetunde Olowe, Judah Weinberger
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a mitogenic polypeptide that demonstrates enhanced expression and promotes angiogenesis in animal models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Elevated levels of bFGF are present in the urine of humans with metastatic tumors, but its expression in human myocardial ischemia is unknown. Thus, we sought to determine whether urine levels of bFGF are altered by exercise-induced ischemia in humans. Methods and Results Eighty-six patients underwent exercise thallium studies for evaluation of anginal symptoms. Urine levels of bFGF (corrected for urine creatinine) were determined by ELISA immediately before and between 2 and 4 hours after exercise. The change in urine bFGF level was compared between 43 patients with and 43 patients without exercise-induced ischemia. Patients with ischemia had an increase in urine bFGF compared with nonischemic patients (1052±245 versus −278±130 pg/g creatinine, P &lt;.0001). Exercise, demographic, and clinical variables were assessed and analyzed for possible effect on bFGF response to exercise. By univariate analysis, a history of hypertension was negatively associated with a change in bFGF level ( P &lt;.05). No other variables were associated. By multivariate analysis, only bFGF response ( P &lt;.001) and age ( P &lt;.05) were independently related to exercise-induced ischemia. Conclusions Significantly increased levels of bFGF are detected in the urine within hours of exercise-induced ischemia. Further studies are warranted to determine whether bFGF might serve as a useful circulating marker of myocardial ischemia in humans.
Acute tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. Characterization of the lower respiratory tract inflammation and its response to therapy.
Authors: P Pinkston, V K Vijayan, T B Nutman, W N Rom, K M O'Donnell, M J Cornelius, V Kumaraswami, V J Ferrans, T Takemura, G Yenokida
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Although acute tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is well recognized as a manifestation of filarial infection, the processes that mediate the abnormalities of the lung in TPE are unknown. To evaluate the hypothesis that the derangements of the lower respiratory tract in this disorder are mediated by inflammatory cells in the local milieu, we utilized bronchoalveolar lavage to evaluate affected individuals before and after therapy. Inflammatory cells recovered from the lower respiratory tract of individuals with acute, untreated TPE (n = 8) revealed a striking eosinophilic alveolitis, with marked elevations in both the proportion of eosinophils (TPE 54 +/- 5%; normal 2 +/- 5%; P less than 0.001) and the concentration of eosinophils in the recovered epithelial lining fluid (ELF) (TPE 63 +/- 20 X 10(3)/microliter; normal 0.3 +/- 0.1 X 10(3)/microliter; P less than 0.01). Importantly, when individuals (n = 5) with acute TPE were treated with diethylcarbamazine (DEC), there was a marked decrease of the lung eosinophils and concomitant increase in lung function. These observations are consistent with the concept that at least some of the abnormalities found in the lung in acute TPE are mediated by an eosinophil-dominated inflammatory process in the lower respiratory tract.
The roles of αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signal transduction, thromboxane A2, and adenosine diphosphate in collagen-induced platelet aggregation
Authors: Moon J. Cho, Junling Liu, Tamara I. Pestina, Shirley A. Steward, Dennis W. Thomas, Thomas M. Coffman, Demin Wang, Carl W. Jackson, T. Kent Gartner
Journal: Blood (2003)
An α40 subunit of a GTP-Binding protein immunologically related to G0 mediates a dopamine-induced decrease of Ca2+ current in snail neurons
Authors: Ronald M. Harris-Warrick, Constance Hammond, Danièle Paupardin-Tritsch, Vincent Homburger, Bruno Rouot, Joel Bockaert, Hersch M. Gerschenfeld
Journal: Neuron (1988)
UNUSUAL BULLET WOUND OF FRONTAL SINUS
Authors: Kenneth Bulkley
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Bullet wounds of the head may be divided, into two main classes, those involving the face and those involving the cranium. The latter may again be divided into those which penetrate and those which do not penetrate both tables of the cranial vault. In the nonpenetrating lesions only slight damage is usually done, but bullet wounds penetrating both tables of the skull should invariably be considered as serious accidents, for the majority of these patients die either from brain injury or from infection of the brain or its meninges. The following case seems of interest as well illustrating a number of important points. The patient, a young girl of 18, while examining an old pistol, was shot, the end of the weapon being about a foot from the face. She was momentarily stunned but did not lose consciousness, and half on hour later was admitted to the accident ward of
Abstract 1688: Relevance of mTOR pathway in prognosis of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Mona Fahmy, Jose Joao Mansure, Fadi Brimo, Faysal Yafi, Robert Segal, Abdulaziz Althunayan, George Netto, Alan Meeker, Jessica Hicks, Wassim Kassouf
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose. To investigate the role of mTOR signalling pathway on stage and outcome of patients with high grade and/or invasive bladder cancer. Methods. Tissue microarrays were built from archival of high grade and mostly superficial bladder tumour specimens (n=143 with complete clinical data collected). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), phosphorylated (phos) Akt, phos-mTOR, phos-S6, phos-4EBP1 and p27. The markers were evaluated for pattern, percentage and intensity of staining (H-score), and results correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and outcome. Results. The median age at diagnosis of the patient cohort was 71 years (range: 38-96 years). The TNM stage group was distributed as pTa (44%), pT1(49%) and pT2 (6%). After a median follow-up of 34 months, the disease recurrence, disease progression and overall death rates were 44%, 13%, and 11% respectively. The expression of p27 was significantly lower among pT2 compared to pTa and pT1 patients (p &amp;lt; 0.03). The H-score of phos-mTOR was significantly correlated with p27 (p &amp;lt;0.003), pS6 (p &amp;lt; 0.004) and 4EBP1 (p &amp;lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, which included age, number of tumors, tumor size and stage, phos-S6 was an independent predictor of shorter recurrence-free (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 2.75, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.16-6.51). The expression of p27 was inversely correlated with recurrence-free survival (HR:0.37, 95% CI:0.18-0.88). None of the markers showed correlation with progression free survival and overall survival. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that activation of mTOR pathway, as assessed by phosS6 might be used to provide prognostic information particularly as predictor of recurrence among patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1688. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1688
Preliminary investigation of the pharmacology of the human internal anal sphincter
Authors: A. G. Parks, D. J. Fishlock, J. D. H. Cameron, H. May
Journal: Gut (1969)

The smooth muscle from the human internal anal sphincter has been investigated pharmacologically in vitro. The upper and lower parts of the sphincter responded to catecholamines in a similar manner. Noradrenaline caused contraction which could be antagonized by phenoxybenzamine. After phenoxybenzamine, noradrenaline caused relaxation which could be blocked by pronethalol. Isoprenaline caused relaxation which could be specifically prevented by pronethalol. Adrenaline was variable in its effect: low concentrations caused relaxation and high concentrations caused contraction. It is suggested that the anal smooth muscle contains α-adrenergic receptors subserving contraction and β-receptors subserving relaxation. The lower part of the sphincter was generally insensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine whereas the upper part of the sphincter contracted with acetylcholine and regularly relaxed with nicotine. The nicotine response was antagonized by hexamethonium, procaine, and pronethalol. It is suggested that nicotine stimulated some part of the nervous mechanism in the upper part of the sphincter and that a catecholamine was the mediator of the inhibitory response.
The prognostic significance of lymphopenia in peripheral T‐cell and natural killer/T‐cell lymphomas: A study of 826 cases from the International Peripheral T‐cell Lymphoma Project
Authors: Zdravko Mitrovic, Anamarija M. Perry, Junji Suzumiya, James O. Armitage, Wing Y. Au, Bertrand Coiffier, Harald Holte, Elaine S. Jaffe, Emili Monserrat, Sandeep K. Rajan, Kerry J. Savage, Kensei Tobinai, Julie M. Vose, Dennis D. Weisenburger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Lymphopenia is a marker of inferior survival in patients with various malignancies. However, the prognostic significance of lymphopenia in peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) is unclear. We analyzed the prognostic significance of lymphopenia in 826 patients with different types of PTCL and natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTCL) from the International Peripheral T‐cell Lymphoma Project. Lymphopenia was defined as an absolute lymphocyte count of less than 1,000 cells per microliter. The overall frequency of lymphopenia was 35.3%, ranging from 21.1% in ALK + anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) to 47.5% in angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL). Lymphopenia was independently associated with an inferior overall survival (OS) in patients with the lymphoma type of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), with a 2‐year OS of 15% versus 40% for those without lymphopenia ( P &lt; 0.001). Lymphopenia was also an adverse predictor of survival in PTCL, not otherwise specified, but was associated with other unfavorable prognostic factors. A trend toward inferior survival for lymphopenic patients was also observed in AITL, ALK − ALCL and extranasal NKTCL lymphoma, whereas no difference in survival was found in nasal NKTCL, ALK + ALCL, or enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma. In this study, lymphopenia was identified as a new adverse prognostic factor in the lymphoma type of ATLL. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlating Agricultural Use of Organophosphates with Outdoor Air Concentrations: A Particular Concern for Children
Authors: Martha Harnly, Robert McLaughlin, Asa Bradman, Meredith Anderson, Robert Gunier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

For the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos, median inhalation noncancer, acute children's exposures in agricultural communities are elevated above reference doses; for diazinon, similar exposures are nearly elevated. We used multivariate linear regression analysis to examine the temporal and spatial associations between agricultural use and measured air concentrations of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, diazinon, and malathion. Agricultural use within a 3-mile radius on the monitoring day and use on the 2-4 prior days were significantly associated with air concentrations (p < 0.01) for all analytes except malathion; chlorpyrifos oxon showed the strongest association (p < 0.0001). In the final models, which included weather parameters, the proportion of variance (r2, adjusted for the number of model variables) for all analytes ranged from 0.28 (p < 0.01) for malathion to 0.65 (p < 0.0001) for diazinon. Recent cellular, animal, and human evidence of toxicity, particularly in newborns, supports the public health concern indicated by initial risk estimates. Agricultural applications of organophosphates and their oxon products may have substantial volatization and off-field movement and are a probable source of exposures of public health concern.
Generation of reactive oxygen species by the faecal matrix
Authors: R W Owen
Journal: Gut (2000)

Reactive oxygen species are implicated in the aetiology of a range of human diseases and there is increasing interest in their role in the development of cancer.To develop a suitable method for the detection of reactive oxygen species produced by the faecal matrix.A refined high performance liquid chromatography system for the detection of reactive oxygen species is described.The method allows baseline separation of the products of hydroxyl radical attack on salicylic acid in the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system, namely 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and catechol. The increased efficiency and precision of the method has allowed a detailed evaluation of the dynamics of reactive oxygen species generation in the faecal matrix. The data show that the faecal matrix is capable of generating reactive oxygen species in abundance. This ability cannot be attributed to the bacteria present, but rather to a soluble component within the matrix. As yet, the nature of this soluble factor is not entirely clear but is likely to be a reducing agent.The soluble nature of the promoting factor renders it amenable to absorption, and circumstances may exist in which either it comes into contact with either free or chelated iron in the colonocyte, leading to direct attack on cellular DNA, or else it initiates lipid peroxidation processes whereby membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids are attacked by reactive oxygen species propagating chain reactions leading to the generation of promutagenic lesions such as etheno based DNA adducts.