tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LEUKOCYTE COUNTS AND BARBITURATES
Authors: Roy R. Kracke
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  I feel that some comment should be made relative to the article of Hardwick and Randall that appeared inThe Journal, May 12, page 1558. These authors studied the leukocyte counts of fifty-nine women who had been given pentobarbital sodium as an obstetric analgesic and concluded that the drug had no effect on the leukocyte count. I am in complete agreement with their conclusions, since I have also made the same observations relative to all types of the so-called barbiturates.  The authors state, however, that there has been some discussion in the literature recently concerning the possible relation between the administration of barbiturates and the production of granulocytopenia. Since I have just completed a review of the literature on this subject I must state that the discussion has centered around the relationship to granulocytopenia of drugs containing the benzene ring and that the barbiturates have not been
The Functional Significance of FSH in Spermatogenesis and the Control of Its Secretion in Male Primates
Authors: Tony M. Plant, Gary R. Marshall
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

The aim of this review is to provide an integrative analysis of the role of FSH in the control of testicular function in higher primates, including man. Attention is focused on the action of FSH during neonatal development, puberty, and adulthood. Whether FSH is the major determinant of the adult complement of Sertoli cells and whether FSH is obligatory for the initiation, maintenance, and restoration of spermatogenesis is evaluated. The mechanism whereby the circulating concentration of FSH regulates spermatogonial proliferation to dictate the sperm production rate under physiological conditions in the adult is discussed in detail. Inhibin B is the major component of the testicular negative feedback signal governing FSHβ gene expression and FSH secretion, and the evidence for this view is presented. The review concludes with the presentation of a model for the operation of the FSH-inhibin B feedback control system regulating sperm production postpubertally in monkey and man, and with speculation on issues of clinical interest.
Further insights into sinusoidal organic anion uptake
Authors: Jorge J. Gumucio, Richard H. Moseley
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Previous studies in cultured rat hepatocytes revealed that initial uptake of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was markedly reduced upon removal of Cl − from the medium. In the present study, unidirectional Cl − gradients were established in short-term cultured rat hepatocytes and their effect on BSP uptake was determined. These investigations revealed that BSP uptake requires external Cl − and is not stimulated by unidirectional Cl − gradients, suggesting that BSP transport is not coupled to Cl − transport. In contrast, BSP transport is stimulated by an inside-to-outside OH − gradient, consistent with OH − exchange or H + cotransport. As the presence of Cl − is essential for but not directly coupled to BSP transport, binding of 35 S-BSP to hepatocytes was determined at 4° C. This revealed an ˜ 10-fold higher affinity of cells for BSP in the presence as compared to the absence of Cl − (K a + 3.2 ± 0.8 vs. 0.42 ± 0.09 μM −1 ; P &lt; 0.02). Affinity of BSP for albumin was Cl − -independent, and was ˜ 10% of its affinity for cells in the presence of Cl − . These results indicate that extracellular Cl − modulates the affinity of BSP for its hepatocyte transporter.
Left Ventricular Contractility Predicts How the End-Diastolic Pressure-Volume Relation Shifts During Pacing-Induced Ischemia in Dogs
Authors: Hiroshi Takano, Stanton A. Glantz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Two types of ischemia, pacing-induced and coronary occlusion–induced, have different effects on left ventricular diastolic properties. During pacing-induced ischemia, the diastolic pressure-volume relation is said to shift upward, whereas during coronary occlusion, it is said to shift rightward or downward. However, recent studies have shown that the relation can shift in any direction during both types of ischemia. The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of the shift of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (EDPVR) during pacing-induced ischemia. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed 46 pacing-induced ischemia experiments performed in 15 open-pericardium anesthetized dogs. Pacing ischemia was induced by constricting left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries and pacing the left atrium at 150 to 180 beats per minute for 3 minutes. Left ventricular volume was measured with a conductance catheter. Hemodynamics were recorded during baseline, coronary stenosis, rapid pacing, and pacing-induced ischemia (immediately after rapid pacing). For each condition, hemodynamics were recorded in steady state and then during a brief inferior vena caval occlusion (except for during rapid pacing) to obtain left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic pressure-volume relations. The shift of the EDPVR from coronary stenosis to pacing-induced ischemia was assessed by an upward shift index (end-diastolic pressure during pacing-induced ischemia minus the pressure during coronary stenosis at the largest end-diastolic volume common to both conditions, S I-S ) and a rightward shift index (the largest end-diastolic volume during pacing-induced ischemia minus the largest volume during coronary stenosis, ΔEDV I-S ). The index of left ventricular contractility, the end-systolic elastance (E es ), or the slope of the dP/dt max –end-diastolic volume relation (dE/dt max ) during pacing-induced ischemia was the strongest determinant of the magnitude of S I-S and ΔEDV I-S and thus of the shift of the EDPVR. As E es or dE/dt max decreased, S I-S decreased and ΔEDV I-S increased. Conclusions Our results suggest that left ventricular contractility is the best determinant of the shift of the EDPVR during pacing-induced ischemia. The more left ventricular contractility decreases, the more the EDPVR shifts downward and rightward.
Medicare: Capricious Decisions
Authors: Herbert M. Rubinstein
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  As a follow-up on the excellent article by Dr. Dalessio (233:179, 1975) about the capricious decisions by Medicare review boards on the necessity for hospitalization, I should like to present the following example.  A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in 1972 with progressive disabling rheumatoid arthritis; she was unable to walk without crutches. She was hospitalized for one month, during which time she received conventional medical treatment, including salicylates, gold Au 198, and intensive physical therapy, which she badly needed. A cardiac consultant found mitral insufficiency with signs of congestive heart failure, for which she was also treated.  The Medicare claim was disallowed and the patient had to pay the hospital bill herself. She appealed the decision, and all the physicians wrote letters in her behalf; finally, some 2 1/2 years later the appeal was upheld, and she was eventually reimbursed.  In the meantime, the
Comprehensive Board Review in Neurology, 2nd ed
Authors: Olaf Stüve
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Behaviour in Vitro of Some New Antistaphylococcal Antibiotics
Authors: L. P. Garrod, P. M. Waterworth
Journal: BMJ (1956)

To meet the spiral effect of these stress conditions many seek escape in the noise and excitement of modern social activities such as football pools, non-stop television, and boogy-woogy, while many others prefer to shelter under the umbrella of sedatives or stimulants. Wonderful and ever-changing as the products of the pharmacologist's laboratory are, by themselves they can but alleviate and postpone eventual breakdown, mental or physical. To help such people successfully to ride the storm and reach a safe anchorage the doctors' equipment must include human understanding based on sound moral principles and sym pathy born of true charity, qualities of mind which remain unchanged throughout the centuries. Conclusion You who have so patiently listened to me may conclude that many of my views are reactionary. They are certainly the views of someone who  reacts  to what he sees to-day, the views of someone, in the words of a remarkable essay in The Times Literary Supplement earlier this year, who believes in  perhaps an old-fashioned society, inherited without much self-questioning, but nevertheless a society that cohered and had a dynamic and still offered oppor tunities to the young and the talented and the enterprising ; not a society harried, hag-ridden by regulations and finan cially penalized.   . Medicine is in the middle of all this. It is losing its dynamic. Somehow or other this Association must bend its efforts towards not only preserv ing but also enlarging the area of freedom and dignity in medicine that still exists within the framework of the National Health Service. If we cannot succeed in this, then I fear for the future of medicine and especially of General Practice. The decline in standards which I and others see is harmful to the public deluded into believing that the National Health Service is the best possible service because it is State-sponsored and is labelled free. We need men of conviction who do not lack the courage to express their opinions clearly, unpopular though they may be ; we need a new dynamic in medicine. Let us see that it comes from within the Association. In the first quarter of this year there were increases in almost all categories of nursing staff in both mental and mental deficiency hospitals, amounting to 270 in the first and 175 in the second. These figures were given by Mr. R. H. Turton, Minister of Health, when he spoke recently to the Association of Hospital Matrons. The most wel come feature of all, said the Minister, was the increase in the numbers of both male and female student-nurses. In mental hospitals there were 143 more male student-nurses, an increase of 10%, and 109 more female student-nurses, an increase of over 5%. In mental deficiency hospitals the increase in male student-nurses was 16 (6%) and of female
Dr Mukti and Other Tales of Woe
Authors: Piyal Sen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Will Self is no friend of the psychiatric establishment. He paints psychiatrists as flawed, power crazed narcissists whose only mission in life is to use patients as guinea pigs for crazy treatment experiments. The sole aim of these experiments is to advance the fame of the psychiatrist among his equally crazy peers. Will Self Bloomsbury, £15.99, pp 272 ISBN 0 7475 6531 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> One of these caricatures is Zack Busner, a Jewish psychiatrist who dreams up various experiments such as the Concept House (where patients and therapists live together in a communal home and treat … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Heat-shock response is associated with enhanced postischemic ventricular recovery.
Authors: R W Currie, M Karmazyn, M Kloc, K Mailer
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

In cells, hyperthermia induces synthesis of heat-shock proteins and the acquisition of thermotolerance. Thermotolerant cells are resistant to subsequent oxidative stress. In this study, heat-shocked hearts were examined for evidence of protection during ischemia and reperfusion. Rats were exposed to 15 minutes of 42 degrees C hyperthermia. Twenty-four hours later their hearts were isolated and perfused and the contractility examined during and after ischemic perfusion. No protection was observed during ischemic perfusion. However, upon reperfusion heat-shocked hearts had recovery of contractility within 5 minutes of reperfusion, while control hearts showed no contractility at this time. Throughout 30 minutes of reperfusion heat-shocked hearts had significantly improved recovery of contractile force, rate of contraction and rate of relaxation. Creatine kinase release, associated with reperfusion injury, was significantly reduced from a high of 386.8 +/- 78.9 mU/min/g heart wt for controls to 123.7 +/- 82.9 mU/min/g heart wt for heat-shocked hearts at 5 minutes of reperfusion. Following 30 minutes of reperfusion, ultrastructural examination revealed less damage of mitochondrial membranes in the heat-shocked hearts. Further biochemical investigations revealed that the antioxidative enzyme, catalase, was significantly increased to 137 +/- 12.7 U/mg protein in the heat-shocked hearts while the control value was 64.8 +/- 8.3 U/mg protein. Hyperthermic treatment, which induces the heat-shock response, may be therapeutic for salvaging ischemic myocardium during reperfusion, through a mechanism involving increased levels of myocardial catalase.
840. Recombinant Sendai Virus Vectors with Matrix Protein Gene Deletion Restore Dendritic Cell Allostimulatory Activity
Authors: Sorin Armeanu, Irina Smirnow, Sascha Bossow, Wolfgang J. Neubert, Ulrich M. Lauer, Peter Brossart, Michael Bitzer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) plays a pivotal role in the induction of efficient immune responses ranging from immunity to tolerance. A potent antigen specific T-cell response directed against multiple epitopes was induced by recombinant viruses. As a prerequisite for such an application, the infection of DCs by recombinant viruses should not interfere with their stimulatory capacity. The murine parainfluenza virus type I or Sendai virus (SeV) has emerged to a prototype virus of a new class of negative-strand RNA virus vectors, being employed in numerous in vitro as well as preclinical and clinical studies over the last few years.
Upregulation of Macrophage Endothelial Lipase by Toll-Like Receptors 4 and 3 Modulates Macrophage Interleukin-10 and -12 Production
Authors: Xun Wang, Weijun Jin, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Limited data suggest that endothelial lipase (EL) is synthesized not only by endothelial cells but also by macrophages. Previous studies showed that proinflammatory cytokines upregulate EL in endothelial cells, but there are very few data regarding EL expression, regulation, and functional consequences in macrophages. In the present study, RAW cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages were treated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and EL expression and its consequences were assessed. We demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand; and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a TLR3 ligand; but not lipoteichoic acid, a TLR2 ligand, upregulate macrophage EL expression both ex vivo and in vivo. In contrast, macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression is significantly repressed by lipopolysaccharide or poly I:C. Using C3HJ and TLR3 knockout mice, we further show that upregulation of macrophage EL expression by lipopolysaccharide or poly I:C is TLR4 or TLR3 dependent, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide induced interleukin (IL)-10 production was significantly reduced, whereas IL-12 production is significantly increased in J744 macrophages and mouse peritoneal macrophages overexpressing human EL. Conversely, significantly increased IL-10 and significantly decreased IL-12 expression were observed in mouse peritoneal macrophages isolated from EL knockout mice. Finally we show that the catalytic activity is required for EL to modulate the balance of macrophage IL-10 and IL-12 production. These results suggest that macrophage EL may play important roles in modulating the macrophage inflammatory response through local hydrolysis of HDL.
The Cutoff Value of Fasting Plasma Glucose to Differentiate Frequencies of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Korean Population
Authors: Dong-Jun Kim, Kwang-Won Kim, Nam-Han Cho, Jung-Hyun Noh, Myung-Shik Lee, Moon-Kyu Lee
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Almost all studies, however, failed to detect evidence of the presence of a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) threshold for risk of cardiovascular disease that would clearly identify groups with a low or high risk (1,2). Some studies suggested that an FPG of 5.4–5.7 mmol/l has been found to be closer to a 2-h cutoff of 7.8 mmol/l both in terms of the sensitivity for future diabetes and in defining a category of similar prevalence to IGT (3,4). The interrelationships between cardiovascular risk factors and glucose levels may vary between different populations. Therefore, these findings need to be tested in other populations with different …
Unmasking of Hypoparathyroidism in Familial Partial DiGeorge Syndrome by Challenge with Disodium Edetate
Authors: Samuel S. Gidding, Ann L. Minciotti, Craig B. Langman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

NEURAL-CREST cells participate in the embryonic development of the aortopulmonary and conotruncal septa and the thymus and parathyroid glands.1 The recognition of a clinical syndrome with developmental anomalies of these tissues—the DiGeorge, or "third and fourth nasopharyngeal pouch," syndrome — has suggested a causal relation for an abnormality of neural-crest development.2 The clinical and pathologic manifestations of this syndrome are variable, ranging from the complete form, with absence of the affected glands and complex cardiac malformations (truncus arteriosus and interrupted aortic arch Type B), to less severe forms, with hypoplasia of the parathyroid glands and thymus, with or without an . . .
Thompson &amp;amp; Thompson Genetics in Medicine
Authors: Theodore Kushnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This latest edition of Thompson and Thompson's<i>Genetics in Medicine</i>has been updated by more recent information and is larger than the fourth edition, which was published in 1986. This 1991 volume has the advantage of being produced by three very knowledgeable and literate authors with input by multiple acknowledged leaders in the field of genetics. In this instance, "more is better." The areas of expansion include additions to multiple chapters such as single-gene inheritance, with discussions of fragile X syndrome, phenotypic expressions of various disorders, mitochondrial genetics, genetic imprinting, and uniparental disomies. The authors have added superb coverage of the newer methods and tools used in gene linkage and mapping. Further, there is considerably more information on the clinical aspects of chromosome abnormalities and on molecular and biochemical genetic disorders. The sections on cancer genetics and gene therapy are also new in this volume. Previous brief, incomplete discussions of
Recent Advances in Forensic Pathology
Authors: S. M. Rabson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Any volume entitled "Recent Advances..." directly raises the question of the readers to whom it is directed—those in that specialty or those whose interests are tangential thereto. This volume is based, the editor says, on lectures to pathologists serving as coroners part-time, in short, to those with interests tangential to the field of forensic pathology. What are the needs of such persons? Surely, for them chapters on establishing death (its existence, not its causes), early diagnosis of myocardial infarction (what pathologist is not well acquainted with efforts in this?) or a few pages on addictive drugs are superfluous. What part-time forensic pathologists geniunely require is thorough review of those bases to which little attention ordinarily is paid in hospital pathology. In the latter the clinical history is of major aid, and what is assigned as the cause of death is usually of little financial or legal importance. In forensic pathology,
A Doubt About Toxic Effects of Creosote Fumes
Authors: Rodney R. Beard
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  The assertion inThe Journal( 193 :745, 1965) that creosote can produce severe neurological disturbances by inhalation of its fumes is not supported by the evidence presented. Creosote was not identified as the inhalant, the concentration in the air was not measured, and there was no demonstration that creosote was present in the patient's body. Since illness resembling that which was described has not previously been attributed to creosote intoxication, it is of some importance that the conclusion of the authors be challenged.  Creosote is likely to cause a skin irritation as a result of contact, and mouth and throat burns and gastroenteritis as a result of ingestion. With ingestion of large quantities, dizziness, visual blurring, loss of pupillary reflexes, kidney and liver injury are likely to result, and if the amount is very large, convulsions and death may follow. Creosote has a strong odor which most
Libyan government lets AIDS experts comment on hospital deaths
Authors: K. Krosnar
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Fears remain that 16 medical workers accused of deliberately infecting almost 400 Libyan children with HIV could be sentenced to death if convicted.

The group—a male doctor and five female nurses from Bulgaria, a male Palestinian doctor, and nine Libyan former hospital managers and staff—have been held in prison for four and a half years as their court case continues ( BMJ 2001;322:260).

Charges were brought against them in February 1999 after 393 children were found to have been infected with HIV at Al-Fateh Children's Hospital in Benghazi. The health staff are accused of deliberately …