tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences in the anti‐inflammatory effects of theophylline and pentoxifylline: important for the development of asthma therapy?
Authors: P. Entzian, S. Bitter‐Suermann, D. Burdon, M. Ernst, M. Schlaak, P. Zabel
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Antiasthma drugs are now being re‐evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory effects. Theophylline is an immunomodulator; however, weak effects and the narrow therapeutic window make it a controversial drug. We compared the immunomodulatory potencies of theophylline with those of the xanthines pentoxifylline (POF) and A802715. Using a whole‐blood, cell‐culture system, we studied the effects on the release of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐a), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in six healthy subjects, and, in granulocyte suspensions, the effects on the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also studied the influence of a 14‐day treatment with theophylline or POF on the release of the cytokines named above in 14 asthmatics. We found that equimolar concentrations of A802715 most effectively inhibit ROS generation, followed by POF; the effects of theophylline were weakest. A802715‐inhibited release of TNF‐a was four times as potent as that of theophylline, and POF two times as potent. Inhibition of IFN‐γ by A802715 was three times as potent, and by POF two times. Neither drug influenced IL‐6 release. After a 14‐day treatment of asthmatics, POF proved to inhibit TNF‐a release more effectively (by 44.3%) than theophylline (7.5%). It is concluded that study of xanthine derivatives in asthmatics might help the development of asthma therapy POF seems to be an especially promising candidate.
Revisiting leptin’s role in obesity and weight loss
Authors: Rexford S. Ahima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Maintenance of weight loss is often unsuccessful because of metabolic adaptations that conserve energy. Studies in rodents suggest that a reduction in leptin level during weight loss signals to the brain to increase feeding and decrease energy expenditure. In this issue of the JCI, Rosenbaum et al. examined this concept in obese patients who lost weight and were maintained at 10% below their initial weight (see the related article beginning on page 2583). Brain activity responses to visual food stimuli were visualized using functional MRI. Leptin levels fell during weight loss and increased brain activity in areas involved in emotional, cognitive, and sensory control of food intake. Restoration of leptin levels maintained weight loss and reversed the changes in brain activity. Thus, leptin is a critical factor linking reduced energy stores to eating behavior. Potentially, leptin therapy could sustain weight loss by overriding the tendency toward energy conservation.
GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS RECOVERING FROM PSYCHOSES
Authors: RALPH W. COLTHARP
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

The literature concerning group psychotherapy is briefly reviewed. A report of group psychotherapy in a group of officers recovering from functional psychoses is made. Patients' opinions of this method are reported. It is believed that group psychotherapy is especially adaptable to patients of above average intelligence, and can be used as an adjunct to other forms of therapy. It cannot and should not replace other forms of psychotherapy. It has the special advantage of economy of time. Discussions are carried on in an impersonal manner, patients learn that their illnesses are not individualized, and mass catharsis is noted.
BCR-ABL1 promotes leukemia by converting p27 into a cytoplasmic oncoprotein
Authors: Anupriya Agarwal, Ryan J. Mackenzie, Arnaud Besson, Sophia Jeng, Alyssa Carey, Dorian H. LaTocha, Angela G. Fleischman, Nicolas Duquesnes, Christopher A. Eide, Kavin B. Vasudevan, Marc M. Loriaux, Eduardo Firpo, Jorge E. Cortes, Shannon McWeeney, Thomas O’Hare, James M. Roberts, Brian J. Druker, Michael W. Deininger
Journal: Blood (2014)
Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Trunk with Special Reference to the Occurrence of Mitral Insufficiency
Authors: GEORGE R. NOREN, GUNAY RAGHIB, JAMES H. MOLLER, KURT AMPLATZ, PAUL ADAMS, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Nine cases of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk, involving patients ranging in age from 2 months to 7 years, have been reviewed. In six patients, mitral insufficiency was a prominent feature and, in three of these patients, mitral insufficiency presented the major problem, clinically. Of the five patients who died, necropsy was done in four. In each, healed infarction of the posterior papillary muscles of the left ventricle was demonstrated and, in two, the anterior papillary muscles were also involved. The clinical picture was that of an acyanotic patient with nonspecific respiratory complaints and retardation of growth. In five patients, there were symptoms (although a presenting complaint in only one) which are considered classic for this anomaly. These symptoms included episodes of pallor, dyspnea, and perspiration. Eight patients experienced cardiac failure in infancy and response to digitalis was effective in each. In this study, endocardial fibroelastosis, without associated cardiac malformations other than mitral insufficiency, presented difficulty in the differential diagnosis. The vectorcardiogram in the horizontal plane was most helpful in the diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary from the pulmonary trunk. The QRS sÊ loop in the horizontal plane in this anomaly was oriented posteriorly to the left and its direction was clockwise, in contrast to the counterclockwise direction of the loop in endocardial fibroelastosis. Selective ascending aortography or selective right coronary arteriography established the diagnosis in seven cases.
436 CHEMICAL MODIFICATION EPIGENETICALLY ‘RENEWS’ OLD HUMAN ADIPOSE DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AND IMPROVES THEIR DIFFERENTIATION INTO HEPATOCYTES LINEAGE
Authors: X. Yan, S. Ehnert, J.J. Martinez Sanchez, G. Damm, U. Stöckle, P. de Sousa, A. Nüssler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Neurogenic Inflammation: Additional Points
Authors: Dennis Shusterman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

William Meggs's recent article, "Neuro- genic Inflammation and Sensitivity to Environmental chemicals" (EHP 101:234- 238), provides a useful introduction to a rapidly growing area of knowledge in phys- iology and posits a number of interesting hypotheses regarding the health effects of airborne chemicals.Some specific technical points, however, merit comment.Meggs describes the common chemical sense as "a nasal sensation provoked by air-
The Sorrow of the World
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Ad Libitum16 April 2013The Sorrow of the WorldJack Coulehan, MD, MPHJack Coulehan, MD, MPHFrom Center for Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-00011 Audio Reading - “The Sorrow of the World” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Sorrow of the World," by Jack Coulehan. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “… the sorrow of the world worketh death.”—St. Paul, 2 Corinthians, 7:10 (King James version)Robert Wilson, once a guard at the GreekAntiquities Room, who stood besidea vacant god and clicked his countereach time an adolescent wandered into snicker at the marble bodieswith bulging fig leaves. 200, 201 ...Bam! His column's capital bit the dust—the sorrow of the world that worketh death.... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Center for Medical Humanities, Compassionate Care, and Bioethics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.Current Author Address: Jack Coulehan, MD, MPH; e-mail, John.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “The Sorrow of the World” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Sorrow of the World," by Jack Coulehan. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 April 2013Volume 158, Issue 8Page: 633KeywordsAdolescentsDustOxygenPharynxPotassium ePublished: 16 April 2013 Issue Published: 16 April 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Elimination of Tuberculosis Out in the "Open."
Authors: Charles Denison
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Denver, Colo., Jan. 27, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —"A hint to the wise" comes from the cattle ranges of the West. It is embodied in an address by Dr. Charles Gresswell, former state veterinarian of Colorado, which address was delivered at the recent National Live Stock Convention held at Fort Worth, Texas. It was on the subject of "Tuberculosis from the Range Standpoint." The author is one whose conclusive opinions should be highly valued by every reader ofThe Journal. His father, two brothers and himself were all well known in the fields of veterinary surgery and comparative pathology in England In Colorado, Dr Gresswell has distinguished himself for his clear insight in quarantine matters and the contagious diseases among animals. I was cognizant of the instance of the twenty head of Shorthorn tuberculous cattle, he refers to. I went with him to see the last of them. Except for
Endoscopic Resection of Large Colorectal Adenomas: A Combination of Snare and Laser Ablation
Authors: R. E. Hintze, A. Adler, W. Veltzke
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic resection of large colorectal adenomas is still not a standard procedure, treatment with a high diathermic snare is considered as difficult and risky, and the main disadvantage of laser vaporization is the unavailability of histological evaluation. We studied a combined technique that enjoys the benefits of both techniques and avoids the disadvantages and risks of each.
Dutch prisons: important lessons for the British.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In addition, the operation was probably highly profitable in private practice, though no figures are available to judge the number of such operations undertaken in private practice.Although we have taken Glasgow Royal Infirmary as an example of routine practice in Britain at that time, there was a definite local interest in the condition of movable kidney that may explain some of the features of figs 2 and 3.In 1883, only two years after Hahn's first description of kidney fixation methods, the first nephrorrhaphies in Britain were performed in private patients in Glasgow by a Dr David Newman.The first operation in the Royal Infirmary was not recorded until 1893, when Newman joined the staff, though other surgeons in that hospital soon adopted the operation.Newman retired in 1914, and the drop in cases diagnosed and treated at that time may be explained by his departure.It may also be that the first world war diverted attention and resources away from such non-urgent cases, and there was certainly a revival of interest in the condition in the postwar years.In 1928 the clinical section of the annual reports was changed before being finally abandoned in 1930.The subsequent history of nephrorrhaphy in the infirmary is not known, but by this time the operation had been increasingly criticised in surgical circles.Better follow up of all patients was now being carried out and this doubtless showed that patients with movable kidneys were often no better off after surgery.Honest clinicians also noted that kidneys could be mobile without symptoms, and surgeons, now familiar with the inside of the abdomen, could demonstrate such mobility during laparotomies for other reasons.Like other ineffective treatments for imaginary disease, surgery for the movable kidney simply faded away in Britain in the 1930s.
Collection and validation of data in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study.
Authors: P Fraser, M Booth, V Beral, H Inskip, S Firsht, S Speak
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study investigated the relation between mortality and recorded exposure to ionising radiation among employees working at the authority9s seven establishments between 1946 and 1979. This report examines the design of the study and methods of data collection and validation. The completeness of the study population was deemed to be unsatisfactory at two establishments, where records of employment before 1965 had been destroyed. Assessment of the magnitude of the deficit led to the conclusion that the data from these establishments were too incomplete for inclusion in the mortality analysis. At the other establishments validation showed that the data collected were accurate and unbiased. Certain characteristics of the 39 546 employees included in the mortality analysis were identified which were relevant in interpreting the findings.
Relative Decreased Splenic Uptake of Tc-99m-Sulfur Colloid in Patients with Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: JAMES L. TATUM, TIMOTHY S. BURKE, MELVIN J. FRATKIN, ALTON R. SHARPE, JACK K. GOODRICH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Relative spleen/liver activity ratio was determined from posterior projection images using a photodensitometric method. Ratios from scans of 22 patients with proven pancreatic carcinoma (12 from rectilinear scans and 10 from scintillation camera images) were determined and compared to studies from patients documented as normal and to randomly selected liver/spleen imaging studies which had been previously interpreted as normal. The mean ratio from the pancreatic carcinoma group was significantly lower than the means of the respective normal groups (p[t] less than .0001 for rectilinear scans and p[t] less than .001 for scintigrams). There was no significant difference between the means of the proven normal and randomly selected normal groups or between the two pancreatic carcinoma groups. Splenic vascular alteration is discussed as a possible reason for decreased splenic distribution of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid in this patient group.
Glucagon for Propranolol Overdose
Authors: Thomas R. Caraccio
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In regard to a recent letter to the editor<sup>1</sup>concerning the use of glucagon for propranolol hydrochloride overdose, we would like to add an important warning about the use of the diluent supplied with the glucagon by the manufacturer. When prepared with this diluent, each milliliter of glucagon injections (United States Pharmacopia) contains 1 mg of glucagon, 1.6% glycerin, sterile water, and 2 mg of phenol. In the case cited by these authors, the patient received a total cumulative dose of 25.5 mg of glucagon and 52 mg of phenol given intravenously. The recommended maximum amount of phenol in humans is 50 mg according to Brancato.<sup>2</sup>Toxic reactions reported to be caused by phenol include central nervous system stimulation followed by depression or convulsions; cardiovascular manifestations include tachycardia, hypotension, and dysrhythmias; intense diaphoresis; gastrointestinal tract upset; and deepvein thrombosis following injection of phenol.<sup>3-6</sup>Death has
Individualised surveillance strategies for colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: J. E. Baars, C. W. N. Looman, E. W. Steyerberg, E. J. Kuipers, C. J. van der Woude
Journal: Gut (2010)

We read with interest the updated guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups from Cairns SR et al .1 Indeed risk stratification is an important step forward for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related …
A hospital admission that changed my life:
Authors: T. North
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Only a bear for company I was only a toddler when I was admitted to a Sheffield hospital with poliomyelitis during the 1950s epidemic. My parents lived in Mexborough and did not have a car so they could not visit me every day. Today the hospital would have a room for my mother to sleep in and she would be able to spend all day with me. Instead, I was put in an isolation ward with a barrier nursing technique that …
Saving the Children — Improving Childhood Cancer Treatment in Developing Countries
Authors: Raul C. Ribeiro, Ching-Hon Pui
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Unprecedented gains have been made in the cure rates for childhood cancer during the past four decades. This progress reflects steady improvement in treatment protocols, a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, adequate hospital infrastructure, and psychosocial and economic support for affected families. Perhaps the greatest success has been the 80 percent cure rate among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are treated in a modern center. Most of these survivors have long, productive lives, are well integrated into their communities, and make substantial contributions to society.1 But this story of medical achievement is tempered by the harsh reality that more . . .
Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma
Authors: Supat Vanichayakornkul
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematomas developed in two patients on long-term dialysis. In one, a femoral nerve palsy resulted. Recovery was slow, but complete. The second patient had the manifestations of obstructive jaundice. Diagnosis was made surgically, the hematoma was evacuated, and the obstruction was relieved. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1164-1165, 1974)
Preoccupation with hypertension
Authors: J A Moss
Journal: BMJ (1980)

this more apparent than in gynaecological oncology, which is an established subspecialty and demands knowledge of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as surgery.By encompass- ing the various medical disciplines a better understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of gynaecological malignancies is obtained.This is important when dealing with a group of cancers which may still benefit from surgery, even in the light of seemingly hopeless metastatic spread.The aid of nursing staff familiar with surgical as well as oncological techniques is vital.A well-trained gynaecological oncology nurse is invaluable in the care of these patients and often provides a sympa- thetic link between the patient and her doctor, who may not be aware of her more personal problems.
Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice
Authors: F. C. Blodi
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The editor has collaborated with 11 other surgeons to produce this excellent volume. As in any multiauthored book, the chapters are of varying quality. Some of the contributors have written magnificent chapters, while other contributions are rather sketchy. With the editor's interest in glaucoma, it is no surprise that the chapter on glaucoma is outstanding. Dr Spaeth has also written some chapters on principles and basic concepts, and these are worth reading for anybody who wants to do ophthalmic surgery. The chapters on cataract (George Weinstein) and the cornea (S. A. Boruchoff and G. N. Foulks) are outstanding. They present the problem in a concise and precise form and describe and evaluate the various surgical procedures. The chapter on plastic surgery (C. R. Leone) has excellent drawings that should help orient any young surgeon who would like to operate on the lids or the lacrimal apparatus. It is refreshing to
NCIC CTG IND.190 Phase I Trial of Dalotuzumab (MK-0646) in Combination with Cisplatin and Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Peter M. Ellis, Frances A. Shepherd, Scott A. Laurie, Glenwood D. Goss, Martin Olivo, Jean Powers, Lesley Seymour, Penelope A. Bradbury
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
AGE-ASSOCIATED LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN ARTERIAL STIFFNESS TRAJECTORIES AND BLOOD PRESSURE WITHIN INDIVIDUALS OF COMMUNITY DWELLING POPULATION
Authors: Majd AlGhatrif, James Strait, Christopher Morrell, Marco Canepa, Jeanette Wright, Samer Najjar, Luigi Ferrucci, Edward Lakatta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cost and Efficacy of the Substitution of Ambulatory for Inpatient Care
Authors: Aviva Ancona Berk, Thomas C. Chalmers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The substitution of ambulatory for inpatient care has become a common cost-containment proposal; it assumes that an equivalent or better clinical outcome at lower cost will result. However, when criteria for measuring cost and efficacy are appropriately defined, there is little published information available that support this assumption. Only four of 134 relevant papers that we analyzed provided enough data on both cost and efficacy to allow statistically valid conclusions. Two of these four demonstrated that potential savings would be accompanied by a slightly poorer clinical outcome; two showed ambulatory care to be as effective as inpatient care and less costly. Future study should include both appropriate calculations of costs and properly controlled measurements of clinical outcome. Indirect costs cannot be ignored in such calculations if the total costs of illness, not simply payments to the health industry, are to be reduced.
Comparison of Results of Surgery and Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: W. R. Winterton, B. W. Windeyer
Journal: BMJ (1941)

This series of 179 cases of carcinoma of the cervix shows the five-year results obtained in all patients suffering from this disease who were seen at the Middlesex Hospital during the years 1931-4 and who had received no previous treatment.They afford material for comparing the various methods of treatment adopted.These patients have been treated surgically by several members of the surgical staff, and by radiotherapy by the radiotherapy staff of the Meyerstein Institute of the Middlesex Hospital.We are indebted to them for permission to study and report their results.
What Does a Healthy Control Control?
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Norman K. Hollenberg, Franz J. Ingelfinger, Ronald A. Malt, Arnold L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim is said to have called zinc the "bastard metal" because he thought it impure. Dr. Kenneth H. Falchuk might similarly characterize man's serum zinc content, which apparently consists of a pure-bred zinc α2-macroglobulin moiety, identified by Falchuk as fraction I, and a somewhat larger complex, fraction II. This fraction Falchuk labels heterogeneous because the zinc-binding protein has not yet been isolated from other proteins, but Paracelsus (i.e., the above-named Theophrastus) might have labeled it the bastard fraction. It is this impure fraction rather than its more solid relative that appears to respond in . . .
Distinct roles of Mac-1 and its counter-receptors in neonatal obstructive nephropathy
Authors: B. Lange-Sperandio, K. Schimpgen, B. Rodenbeck, T. Chavakis, A. Bierhaus, P. Nawroth, B. Thornhill, F. Schaefer, R.L. Chevalier
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Medical Malpractice in Sweden
Authors: William J. Curran, Egon Jonsson, Duncan Neuhauser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

OVER the past five years, there has been a steady rise in malpractice complaints from Swedish patients and this trend is expected to continue. There are three ways in which a Swedish patient can formally make a complaint and seek compensation for injury. Complaints against practitioners are handled by the Medical Responsibility Board of the National Board of Health and Welfare. Secondly, a patient may seek compensation from the local County Councils for injury within one of their hospitals. Since this program is explained by Cooper elsewhere in this issue of the Journal,1 this discussion will focus on the . . .