tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Embryo Transfer and Ectopic Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Gary D. Hodgen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Iffy's letter links time in the menstrual cycle and location of the embryo as principle factors in the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. His remarks on mechanisms—"reflux" and "flux"—follow more than 20 years of attention to understanding the origins of tubal and abdominal pregnancy. Indeed, our manipulations of primate embryos during a variety of laboratory studies have been associated with five ectopic (two tubal and three abdominal) pregnancies during the past 15 years at the National Institutes of Health.<sup>1,2</sup>During that same interval, I observed only one spontaneous ectopic (tubal) pregnancy in a rhesus monkey, unassociated with experimental activities; the total number of pregnancies in those years would exceed 3,000. The "induced" cases probably resulted from retrograde lavage being used to collect eggs and embryos, either because we "missed" them or because normal gamete/embryo transport was disrupted by surgical trauma to the reproductive tract. My anecdotal observations fit
Titres of class-specific antibodies against Shigella and Salmonella lipopolysaccharide antigens in colostrum and breast milk of Costa Rican, Swedish and Vietnamese mothers
Authors: Rosario Achi, Phung Dac Cam, Urban Forsum, Kerstin Karlsson, Patricia Sáenz, Leonardo Mata, Alf A. Lindberg
Journal: Journal of Infection (1992)
Pulmonary Mechanics during Pregnancy*
Authors: J. Bernard L. Gee, Bernard S. Packer, J. Eugene Millen, E. D. Robin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Previously reported changes in static lung volumes during pregnancy have been confirmed. Measurements of lung compliance (C(L)) and total pulmonary resistance (R(L)) were made in 10 women in the last trimester of pregnancy and 2 months postpartum, employing an esophageal balloon and recording spirometer. C(L) was unaffected by pregnancy, but R(L) was 50% below normal during pregnancy. Measurements of airway conductance (C(A)) were made, employing the constant pressure body plethysmograph on 14 nonpregnant and 13 pregnant women. Specific airway conductance was increased during pregnancy. Serial measurements of C(A) indicated a progressive increase beginning at about 6 months of gestation and a return to normal by 2 months postpartum. The mechanism of the increased C(A) during pregnancy is not known. It may be related to changes in bronchial smooth muscle tone and conceivably explains the tolerance of certain patients with lung resections to pregnancy.
Replacement of Gastric and Intestinal Fluid Losses in Surgery
Authors: Robert E. Cooke, Lawrence G. Crowley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE proper method for the replacement of gastrointestinal fluid losses in surgery has been the subject of considerable controversy. Volume-for-volume replacement with saline solution has been advocated, but the results have not justified the procedure. The use of glucose and saline mixtures as either equivalent or less than equivalent volume replacement has been equally unsuccessful.It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate that volume-for-volume replacement of gastrointestinal losses does not lead to disturbances in acid–base equilibrium if replacement solutions of appropriate composition are used.The replacement of gastrointestinal losses is only a small part of complete parenteral fluid . . .
Impact of delayed repair and elective high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on survival of antenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia: first application of these strategies in the more “severe” subgroup of antenatally diagnosed newborns
Authors: L. Desfrere, P. H. Jarreau, M. Dommergues, A. Brunhes, P. Hubert, C. Nihoul-Fekete, P. Mussat, G. Moriette
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2000)
HCV infection should be managed in specialist centres
Authors: J L Brown
Journal: Gut (2002)

It has been estimated that between 200 000 and 400 000 people in England and Wales have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with subgroup prevalences of 0.04% in healthy blood donors, 0.4% in antenatal clinic attendees (in London), 1% in genitourinary clinic attendees, and up to 50% in intravenous drug users.1 The population in England and Wales is close to 50 million,2 implying that approximately 0.5% are viraemic as 85% of acute infections lead to chronic disease.3 A district general hospital serving a population of 350 000 people may therefore have 1750 viraemic individuals in its catchment area. Although the fraction of this hypothetical iceberg that is visible to secondary care is currently small and varies according to local demographics, it is already of the order of 15% in rural Gloucestershire (personal data).

Comprehensive consensus guidelines for the management of HCV infection have been published by both the NIH4 and EASL,5 and one of the major factors in delay of implementation in the UK has been lack of resources in terms of clinicians’ time, nursing supervision, counsellors, and the drug budget. Nevertheless, in order to help British clinicians meet the ever increasing demand for the management of HCV, the Royal College …
The Lumbosacral Spine: Emphasizing Conservative Management
Authors: Ben L. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Williams describes his use of flexion exercises and bracing in the nonoperative treatment of lumbosacral disorders. He stresses his concept of degenerative disc disease and explains his interpretation of conservative treatment.  The book covers the lumbosacral spine in detail. Following introductory sections on the normal anatomy and physiology, the author presents the pathology, diagnosis, and clinical management of low back disorders. Then he reviews the evolution and natural history of degenerative disc disease and places the herniated nucleus pulposus into proper perspective as only one of many facets of lumbosacral disease.  Dr. Williams presents his flexion exercises in a didactic manner, discussing the rationale, indications, and contraindications for each exercise, and outlining their use in the management of acute and chronic low back disorders. Instruction sheets, which may be reproduced and distributed to patients, are included at the back of the book.  Numerous line drawings, clinical photographs, and roentgenograms
Abstract 3389: SLPI promotes EMT in HaCaT cells
Authors: Wafic M. ElMasri, Minshu Yu, Victoria M. Virador, Elise C. Kohn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The majority of solid tumors are carcinomas. To invade, carcinomas must lose cell-cell adhesion and acquire motility: a process termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a highly conserved cellular program that enables polarized, immotile epithelial cells to convert to motile mesenchymal-like cells. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI; 12-14 kD) is genomically, transcriptionally, and translationally upregulated in epithelial ovarian cancer. SLPI is anti-inflammatory, mediates wound healing, and stimulates cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. We previously showed that SLPI binds to and protects progranulin (pgrn), a survival factor for ovarian cancer, from elastase-mediated degradation. We also showed that overexpression of SLPI mediates paclitaxel resistance in 1A9 and HeyA8 ovarian cancer cells. We hypothesize that SLPI promotes metastasis via induction of EMT, which can be modulated by inhibition of its protease inhibitory (PI) activity or binding to pgrn. We stably transfected immortalized human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) with wild type SLPI and three mutants: F-SLPI [loss of PI activity], KRK-SLPI [loss of pgrn binding], and F-KRK-SLPI [double mutant]. Overexpression of SLPI or the mutants did not transform the immortalized HaCaT cells; however, it increased colony proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and resistance to anoikis. The SLPI mutants that do not bind pgrn were more aggressive. Transfection with SLPI and its mutants markedly decreased cell-cell adhesion, altered cellular adhesions to extracellular matrix components, and led to increased cell motility and wound healing in transfected HaCaT cells. SLPI and its mutants enhanced TGF-β induced EMT and effectively blocked TGF-β mediated growth inhibition of HaCaT cells. Thus, SLPI overexpression advances an EMT phenotype in immortalized HaCaT epithelial cells. We continue elucidating the role of SLPI in EMT and the mechanism of its interaction with proganulin for future therapeutic targeting in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3389.
A8.20 Bioconpages - comparison of DNA methylation and gene expression in different immune cells
Authors: M Bonin, L Weidel, P Schendel, K Mans, S Flemming, A Grützkau, B Smiljanovic, T Sörensen, S Günther, T Häupl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objective</h3> Site specific methylation of DNA may contribute to the regulation of gene expression. Microarray based analysis of methylation refers to CpG site selected by a biostatistic algorithm without proof for actual involvement. To test for putatively effective CpG sites in immunity, we compared methylation with transcription in parallel in different sorted immune cell types. In order to perform primary analysis and to map corresponding results, software tools and an online database were developed. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Cells from 4 healthy donors were sorted by FACS technology for naive and activated/memory T-cells and B-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, and granulocytes. Genome wide DNA methylation was assessed using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip platform and Genome Studio (Illumina). Transcriptomes were determined with Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChips. A tool has been implemented in Java and R. In a first step the program checks the quality of each microarray and normalizes the data (Affymetrix &amp; Illimunina). Afterwards the program imports and analyses the transcription and methylation data to determine high and low transcribed genes, match them with the status of DNA methylation and save the results as. txt and. jpg files. The tool will be provided on our homepage http://www.charite-bioinformatik.de. <h3>Results</h3> As an example, one of the performed analyses compared monocytes and T-cells. We found 4.624 genes, which showed differences in gene expression and 19.261 different DNA methylation sites. Between closer related cells like naive and activated/memory cells of the same lymphocyte subtype (CD4+ T-cells) the number decrease to 638 genes and 9.412 sites. Comparing monocytes against T-cells, corresponding changes of expression and methylation were found in only 629 of 1951 increased and in 279 of 2673 decreased expressed genes. These results and other comparisons will be presented in the <b>BioConpages </b>database. The database can be searched by GeneID and to retrieve information of the corresponding transcription signals and percentage of methylation in the different cell types. In general, when selecting genes differentially expressed in immune cells, only around 10% of all CpG sites annotated to a single gene were compatible with the differential expression pattern in immune cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This type of screening enables to preselect CpG sites putatively involved in differntiation of immune cells. Thus, corresponding information of transcription and methylation is indispensible to infer methylation associated gene regulation. This applies not only for microarray but also for sequencing approaches.
Hospitals and Clinics Go Green for Health of Patients and Environment
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intussusception in Childhood
Authors: Robert E. Gross, Paul F. Ware
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

INTUSSUSCEPTION is a form of intestinal obstruction that demands immediate recognition and treatment if mortality rates are to be kept at a minimum. The condition is particularly common in the first few years of life, and it must be constantly in the minds of pediatricians and the general practitioners who deal with babies and young children. Much has been written concerning the recognition and the forms of therapy for this type of mechanical obstruction. The extensive material that we have been privileged to handle prompts us to call attention again to the salient features in diagnosis of the condition and . . .
Osler's bedside library revisited—books for the 21st century
Authors: Sanjay A Pai, Roop D Gursahani
Journal: BMJ (2005)

M edical education is, in many ways, incomplete. Although we are taught about the science of medicine, most medical school curriculums lack formal teaching on the humanity of medicine. Ethics, history, and philosophy are not taught formally in many schools. William Osler was one of the earliest to realise this, and in 1904 he proposed a bedside library for medical students that consisted of the Old and New Testaments, Shakespeare, Montaigne, Plutarch's Lives , Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, Don Quixote , Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes's “breakfast table” series.

The reading tastes of people have changed over the years. From time to time other people, all from the West, have attempted to renew the list. We contacted 44 doctors (25 from India and 19 from North America and Europe) for …
AUTOCHTHONOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS OF THE CEREBRAL DURA.WITH A REPORT OF THREE CASES.
Authors: WILLIAM G. SPILLER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

While secondary thrombosis, such as follows middle-ear disease, has elicited great interest and been carefully studied in recent years, especially on account of its surgical treatment; the primary form, the autochthonous sinus thrombosis, because of its indefinite symptomatology, its uncertain treatment and its comparative rarity, has received much less attention. Since the year 1899 there have come under our observation three cases of autochthonous sinus thrombosis. The first case, reported by Drs. Wadsworth and Spiller,<sup>1</sup>is as follows: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —The patient, a boy, aged 7 years, according to his mother's account, had always been in good health and had been bright at school. On March 3, 1900, at 1:30 p. m., he complained of headache and vomited, at 3 p. m. he became unconscious, and at 9:20 p. m. he was taken to the hospital. At that time he was
Emergence of group B streptococci in obstetric and perinatal infections.
Authors: T M Reid
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A retrospective study of obstetric and perinatal illness due to group B streptococci during 1972-4 based on bacteriological referrals from Aberdeen Maternity Hospital and Special Nursery disclosed (1) a wide spectrum of maternal morbidity, particularly associated with amniotomy and a prolonged rupture-delivery interval, and (2) the emergence of the group B streptococcus as a major cause of serious neonatal infection in infants of low birth weight, often in the absence of maternal pyrexia. The group B isolates appeared to show a previously undocumented increased resistance to the aminoglycosides gentamicin and kanamycin. A prospective study of 369 random deliveries in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital showed a group B vaginal carriage rate of 49/1000; a neonatal colonization rate of 19/1000; maternal and neonatal morbidity rates of 16 and 2-7/1000, respectively; and an overall neonatal mortality of 1/1000 live births.
<i>SCN4B</i> -Encoded Sodium Channel β4 Subunit in Congenital Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Argelia Medeiros-Domingo, Toshihiko Kaku, David J. Tester, Pedro Iturralde-Torres, Ajit Itty, Bin Ye, Carmen Valdivia, Kazuo Ueda, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Maria Teresa Tusié-Luna, Jonathan C. Makielski, Michael J. Ackerman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is potentially lethal secondary to malignant ventricular arrhythmias and is caused predominantly by mutations in genes that encode cardiac ion channels. Nearly 25% of patients remain without a genetic diagnosis, and genes that encode cardiac channel regulatory proteins represent attractive candidates. Voltage-gated sodium channels have a pore-forming alpha-subunit associated with 1 or more auxiliary beta-subunits. Four different beta-subunits have been described. All are detectable in cardiac tissue, but none have yet been linked to any heritable arrhythmia syndrome.We present a case of a 21-month-old Mexican-mestizo female with intermittent 2:1 atrioventricular block and a corrected QT interval of 712 ms. Comprehensive open reading frame/splice mutational analysis of the 9 established LQTS-susceptibility genes proved negative, and complete mutational analysis of the 4 Na(vbeta)-subunits revealed a L179F (C535T) missense mutation in SCN4B that cosegregated properly throughout a 3-generation pedigree and was absent in 800 reference alleles. After this discovery, SCN4B was analyzed in 262 genotype-negative LQTS patients (96% white), but no further mutations were found. L179F was engineered by site-directed mutagenesis and heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells that contained the stably expressed SCN5A-encoded sodium channel alpha-subunit (hNa(V)1.5). Compared with the wild-type, L179F-beta4 caused an 8-fold (compared with SCN5A alone) and 3-fold (compared with SCN5A + WT-beta4) increase in late sodium current consistent with the molecular/electrophysiological phenotype previously shown for LQTS-associated mutations.We provide the seminal report of SCN4B-encoded Na(vbeta)4 as a novel LQT3-susceptibility gene.
New Approach to Assessment of Cardioselectivity of Beta-blocking Drugs
Authors: C. R. Kumana, G. E. Marlin, C. M. Kaye, D. M. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Propranolol, practolol, and placebo were each given intravenously at weekly intervals to six normal subjects, and their effects on respiratory function tests and heart rates assessed. The reduction in the exercise heart rate after each of the two drugs was most comparable at six hours, indicating a similar degree of cardiac beta-blockade, when the plasma concentration ratio of practolol to propranolol was 28:1. The peak flow rate (PFR) was higher at all times during exercise than at rest. There were significant differences between the changes in resting and exercise PFR after placebo and the reductions after propranolol (except at 24 hours), but not after practolol—and the latter9s influence on PFR seemed to be intermediate to that of propranolol and placebo. At six hours, when the cardiac beta-blocking activity of the two drugs was almost the same, there was a significant difference (P 0·025) between the reductions in exercise PFR associated with each drug.
Inhibition of hepatic triglyceride formation by clofibrate
Authors: Larry L. Adams, William W. Webb, Harold J. Fallon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The effect of clofibrate (CPIB) on hepatic glycerolipid formation has been studied in vivo and in vitro in the rat. Feeding 0.25% CPIB in laboratory chow significantly reduced serum triglyceride levels by 6 hr and concomitantly decreased the rate of glycerol-(14)C incorporation into hepatic and serum glycerides, in vivo. These changes persisted for at least 14 days. A similar decrease in serum triglyceride and glycerol incorporation into hepatic glycerides was observed in rats fed high glucose diets containing 0.25% CPIB. Serum glycerol was reduced by feeding CPIB for 14 days. The formation of diglyceride and triglyceride from (14)C-sn-glycerol-3-P by rat liver homogenates was inhibited by addition of 1-40 mM CPIB to the reaction mixture. These results suggest that CPIB reduces hepatic glycerolipid synthesis, possibly by inhibition of one or more reactions in the esterification of sn-glycerol-3-P. This change may account for the early fall in serum triglyceride. At later time periods, serum glycerol levels fall and in some experiments, hepatic triglyceride content increases. Therefore, it is likely that additional metabolic alterations may contribute to the sustained hypotriglyceridemic effects of CPIB.
Clinical Endodontics: A Manual of Scientific Endodontics
Authors: Moses S. Strock
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book is a manual and it is undoubtedly useful to students. It is well arranged, but somewhat elementary in its approach. Although the authors discuss in detail methods of sterilization, several photographs show a receptacle for cold sterilization on the tray. This is a temptation both to the student and practitioner. Cold "sterilization" is impractical and ineffectual because of the length of time required. The chapter on local anesthesia is antiquated. The term "inferior mandibular" is incorrect. Some of the procedures recommended, such as the "peridental injection," are of doubtful value. The chapter on traumatic injuries is excellent. The philosophy of root canal therapy versus tooth loss, including the economic aspects, merits discussion. The student must learn the practical aspects of management and the volume would be enhanced by such a chapter. I searched for a discussion of the single stage root canal filling and root amputation without success.
Injury to Research Volunteers — The Clinical-Research Nightmare
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, Janet Darbyshire
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Alastair Wood on the recent disastrous outcome of a phase 1 clinical trial of a monoclonal antibody in England. (06:42)Download At 8 a.m. on Monday, March 13, 2006, eight healthy young men entered a trial of a drug under development by the small German immunotherapeutics company TeGenero. Six of the volunteers were assigned to receive active drug, and two were to receive placebo. The trial was being conducted for TeGenero by Parexel, a large contract research organization, at its facility at Northwick Park Hospital outside London. The six volunteers were to be the first humans to receive TGN1412, a humanized monoclonal antibody designed as an agonist of the CD28 receptor on T lymphocytes, which stimulates the production and activation of . . .