tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age
Authors: Gillian D. Sanders
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Although HIV infection is more prevalent in people younger than age 45 years, a substantial number of infections occur in older persons. Recent guidelines recommend HIV screening in patients age 13 to 64 years. The cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in patients age 55 to 75 years is uncertain. Objective: To examine the costs and benefits of HIV screening in patients age 55 to 75 years. Design: Markov model. Data Sources: Derived from the literature. Target Population: Patients age 55 to 75 years with unknown HIV status. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Intervention: HIV screening program for patients age 55 to 75 years compared with current practice. Outcome Measures: Life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results of Base-Case Analysis: For a 65-year-old patient, HIV screening using traditional counseling costs $55 440 per QALY compared with current practice when the prevalence of HIV was 0.5% and the patient did not have a sexual partner at risk. In sexually active patients, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $30 020 per QALY. At a prevalence of 0.1%, HIV screening cost less than $60 000 per QALY for patients younger than age 75 years with a partner at risk if less costly streamlined counseling is used. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening depended on HIV prevalence, age of the patient, counseling costs, and whether the patient was sexually active. Sensitivity analyses with other variables did not change the results substantially. Limitations: The effects of age on the toxicity and efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy and death from AIDS were uncertain. Sensitivity analyses exploring these variables did not qualitatively affect the results. Conclusion: If the tested population has an HIV prevalence of 0.1% or greater, HIV screening in persons from age 55 to 75 years reaches conventional levels of cost-effectiveness when counseling is streamlined and if the screened patient has a partner at risk. Screening patients with advanced age for HIV is economically attractive in many circumstances.
Necropsy and ultrastructural findings in histiocytic medullary reticulosis
Authors: J. PINOL-AGUADE, J. FERRANDO, J.M. TOMAS, C. MIERAS, J. PEYRI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

In a case of histiocytic medullary reticulosis with protracted course and necrotic skin lesions, histological study revealed infiltration of the fat tissue by atypical rcticulohistiocytic cells, areas of asso‐ciated fat necrosis and vascular lesions. Autophagocytosis (phagocytosis of erythrocytes, erythroblasts, platelets, lymphoid cells, and nuclear debris) was found in biopsy specimens of the subcutaneous in‐filtrates, lymph nodes, and bone marrow, and in necropsy specimens of skin, iliac mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, spleen, and suprarenal glands. Electron microscopy of various viscera showed abnormal histiocytic cells containing multiple phagocytosed erythrocytes and other blood cells in different stages of destruction and digestion. Multi‐membranous bodies also were present. Defective lysosomal degradation of intracytoplasmatic ceroids in this condition is postulated.
Should Ampicillin Be Abandoned for Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae Disease?
Authors: John D. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

When ampicillin became available for general use in 1964, it simplified treatment of bacterial meningitis during infancy and childhood. Those old enough to have lived through the "triple therapy" days will recall the many inconveniences and problems; the tremendous amount of nursing time involved in giving three different antimicrobials (and often lactate or bicarbonate for alkalinization of the urine) at four- or six-hourly intervals; repeatedly measuring sulfa levels in the blood (to assure that one was in the recommended range of 10 to 15 mg/100 ml), monitoring hematological and renal indices for drug toxicity; and the discomfort to the patient receiving all those injections. How they hated the subcutaneous injections of sulfadiazine and lactate in the belly! Ampicillin changed all that. We had a single drug uniformly effective against the usual pathogens causing meningitis beyond the newborn period. It was well tolerated intravenously or intramuscularly, and serious drug toxicity did
Bereavement counselling after sudden infant death.
Authors: S Woodward, A Pope, W J Robson, O Hagan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Of 14 families who suffered a sudden infant death, eight were followed up intensively over several months and offered individual counselling, parents' group meetings, and interviews with doctors as a way of helping them come to terms with their feelings of loss. Five couples accepted short term support from their health visitor, and one refused help. Many families experienced considerable stress including marital conflict, difficulties with surviving children, and anxiety about future children becoming victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. It was concluded that medical social workers, health visitors, hospital paediatricians, general practitioners, and parent self help groups are in key positions to help. The success of such help is likely to depend on the confidence that each helper has that his or her contribution will be valued by the bereaved family.
Downregulation of Connexin 45 Gene Products During Mouse Heart Development
Authors: Sébastien Alcoléa, Magali Théveniau-Ruissy, Thérèse Jarry-Guichard, Irène Marics, Elena Tzouanacou, Jean-Paul Chauvin, Jean-Paul Briand, Antoon F. M. Moorman, Wouter H. Lamers, Daniel B. Gros
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The electrical activity in heart is generated in the sinoatrial node and then propagates to the atrial and ventricular tissues. The gap junction channels that couple the myocytes are responsible for this propagation process. The gap junction channels are dodecamers of transmembrane proteins of the connexin (Cx) family. Three members of this family have been demonstrated to be synthesized in the cardiomyocytes: Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45. In addition, each of them has been shown to form channels with unique and specific electrophysiological properties. Understanding the conduction phenomenon requires detailed knowledge of the spatiotemporal expression pattern of these Cxs in heart. The expression patterns of Cx40 and Cx43 have been previously described in the adult heart and during its development. Here we report the expression of Cx45 gene products in mouse heart from the stage of the first contractions (8.5 days postcoitum [dpc]) to the adult stage. The Cx45 gene transcript was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction experiments to be present in heart at all stages investigated. Between 8.5 and 10.5 dpc it was shown by in situ hybridization to be expressed in low amounts in all cardiac compartments (including the inflow and outflow tracts and the atrioventricular canal) and then to be downregulated from 11 to 12 dpc onward. At subsequent fetal stages, the transcript was weakly detected in the ventricles, with the most distinct expression in the outflow tract. Cx45 protein was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy to be expressed in the myocytes of young embryonic hearts (8.5 to 9.5 dpc). However, beyond 10.5 dpc the protein was no longer detected with this technique in the embryonic, fetal, or neonatal working myocardium, although it could be shown by immunoblotting that the protein was still synthesized in neonatal heart. In the major part of adult heart, Cx45 was undetectable. It was, however, clearly seen in the anterior regions of the interventricular septum and in trace amounts in some small foci dispersed in the ventricular free walls. Cx45 gene is the first Cx gene so far demonstrated to be activated in heart at the stage of the first contractions. The coordination of myocytes during the slow peristaltic contractions that occur at this stage would thus appear to be controlled by the Cx45 channels.
Duplication and Divergence of 2 Distinct Pancreatic Ribonuclease Genes in Leaf-Eating African and Asian Colobine Monkeys
Authors: John E. Schienman, Robert A. Holt, Marcy R. Auerbach, Caro-Beth Stewart
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Unique among primates, the colobine monkeys have adapted to a predominantly leaf-eating diet by evolving a foregut that utilizes bacterial fermentation to breakdown and absorb nutrients from such a food source. It has been hypothesized that pancreatic ribonuclease (pRNase) has been recruited to perform a role as a digestive enzyme in foregut fermenters, such as artiodactyl ruminants and the colobines. We present molecular analyses of 23 pRNase gene sequences generated from 8 primate taxa, including 2 African and 2 Asian colobine species. The pRNase gene is single copy in all noncolobine primate species assayed but has duplicated more than once in both the African and Asian colobine monkeys. Phylogenetic reconstructions show that the pRNase-coding and noncoding regions are under different evolutionary constraints, with high levels of concerted evolution among gene duplicates occurring predominantly in the noncoding regions. Our data suggest that 2 functionally distinct pRNases have been selected for in the colobine monkeys, with one group adapting to the role of a digestive enzyme by evolving at an increased rate with loss of positive charge, namely arginine residues. Conclusions relating our data to general hypotheses of evolution following gene duplication are discussed.
Role of platelet activating factor in ischaemia-reperfusion injury of isolated rabbit hearts: protective effect of a specific platelet activating factor antagonist, TCV-309
Authors: S. Katoh, J. Toyama, I. Kodama, A. Koike, T. Abe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objectives: The aims were to confirm that platelet activating factor is released during reperfusion after global ischaemia in isolated blood perfused rabbit hearts, and to examine the protective action of TCV-309, a platelet activating factor antagonist, against reperfusion injury of cardiac muscle. Methods: The hearts were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and perfused with diluted blood perfusate. After cardiac arrest with St Thomas's cardioplegic solution, the hearts were subjected to global ischaemia for 120 minutes at 25°C, and then reperfused for 60 minutes at 37°C. Release of platelet activating factor into the coronary effluent was quantified by radioimmunoassay. The effect of TCV-309 on left ventricular function and release of creatine kinase was measured. Results: A pronounced release of platelet activating factor occurred after the commencement of reperfusion, although it was not detectable before induction of ischaemia. Release of platelet activating factor occurred over 60 minutes of the reperfusion period. In the control, left ventricular developed pressure after 60 minutes of reperfusion recovered to 54.3(SEM 1.7)% (n=5) of the preischaemic value. In the hearts treated with TCV-309 at concentrations above 0.3 μM, recovery of left ventricular developed pressure was significantly improved (77.6(2.0)% at 1 μM, p < 0.01 v control). Leakage of creatine kinase during the initial five minutes of reperfusion was significantly less in the hearts treated with 1 μM TCV-309 than in the controls (5.2(0.4) v 12.2(1.4) IU·g−l wet weight, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Release of platelet activating factor occurred during the reperfusion period in Langendorff perfused hearts. Treatment with the platelet activating factor antagonist TCV-309 significantly improved postischaemic left ventricular function and decreased creatine kinase release. These results suggest that platelet activating factor is involved in myocardial injury during ischaemia-reperfusion. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1430-1434
Erythematous Nodule of the Left Eyebrow in a 14-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Beatrice Raone, Roberta Raboni, Alma Ismaili
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
On Paraffo-Stearine: A Substitute for Starch, Plaster of Paris, and Such-Like Substances, in Bandages and Splints
Authors: J. Startin
Journal: BMJ (1867)

disease spreads by propinquity (juxtaposition); and the scar-tissue of an old tuberculous ulcer is the favourite place for new nodules to form in.The only two tissues that appear able to resist actual disintegration, among the dibris of tubercular ulcers, are bone and elastic tissue.These, although dead and separated, for long retain their character- istic microscopical features unchanged.
Dietary reduction of serum cholesterol concentration
Authors: P. Skrabanek
Journal: BMJ (1991)

ELISA would have failed to prevent transmission.Interestingly, these donors have given 15, 23, and 27 donations and have never been implicated in any other case of transmission of hepatitis.As far as we are aware, the seronegative status of the donors was known to the authors before their letter was published.Though we acknowledge that hepatitis C virus will have been transmitted to a number ofrecipients of transfusions before screening was introduced, we nevertheless firmly support the balanced arguments of Elizabeth Ann Fagan.The problems ofthe poor specificity of the first generation ELISA for antibody to hepatitis C virus and the resulting wastage of considerable quantities of blood were not the only arguments in favour of awaiting the availability of second generation assays.3Pereira and colleagues' arguments are fallacious and should not be left unchallenged.
Stomach Cancer Risk After Treatment for Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Lindsay M. Morton, Graça M. Dores, Rochelle E. Curtis, Charles F. Lynch, Marilyn Stovall, Per Hall, Ethel S. Gilbert, David C. Hodgson, Hans H. Storm, Tom Børge Johannesen, Susan A. Smith, Rita E. Weathers, Michael Andersson, Sophie D. Fossa, Michael Hauptmann, Eric J. Holowaty, Heikki Joensuu, Magnus Kaijser, Ruth A. Kleinerman, Frøydis Langmark, Eero Pukkala, Leila Vaalavirta, Alexandra W. van den Belt-Dusebout, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Lois B. Travis, Berthe M. Aleman, Flora E. van Leeuwen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Treatment-related stomach cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among the growing number of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors, but risks associated with specific HL treatments are unclear.
Effective device for peroral direct cholangioscopy: double-balloon enteroscope or ultra-slim gastroscope?
Authors: M. Matsushita, M. Shimatani, M. Takaoka, K. Okazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We read with interest the article by Muralikrishna et al. [1] on peroral direct cholangioscopy with a double-balloon enteroscope (DBE). Despite their multiple attempts after sphincterotomy, proximal biliary access failed in a patient with jaundice and fever. Because of the lack of an expensive mother–baby system, they performed peroral cholangioscopy with a diagnostic DBE. Despite their success in the dilated bile duct, we believe that their technique would be ineffective in a nondilated bile duct because of the large diameter of the enteroscope. Moreover, they described the use of an 8.5-mm Fujinon DBE with a 2.8-mm working channel, but the 8.5-mm diagnostic DBE (EN-450P5/20; Fujinon) has a 2.2-mm working channel, and a 9.4-mm therapeutic DBE (EN-450T5; Fujinon) has a 2.8-mm working channel. Both DBEs have a 200-cm working length.
PYONEPHROSIS: OPERATION: RECOVERY
Authors: E. O. Bowen
Journal: BMJ (1912)

Exciting Cause. of Cases.No history of ill'ness .Scarlatina 3 No history of illness *.. ... Other infectious fevers 8 History of previous fever. (No Influenza 2 neplhritis) History of previous fever. (No Sore throat 3 nel)hritis) History of previous fever.(No Cold and exposure 1 nephritis) No l)revious illness (child, of 9 Acute int'ussusception I weeks) No previous illness...... ... 2I am aware tlat the foregoing table is not very helpful ini arriviug at a conclusion as to the most frequent causes of acute nephritis.On one poilnt, however, I am convinced, and that is, that the hiistory of previous infectious disease is of very little importance.It is the exciting cause which is the imiiportant one.How many of the population escape nmeasles, whooping- couglh, and influenza in the course' of tlleir lives?Only a ,inall proportioii, and this proportioln is not less in those w%ho suffer an attack of acute nephritis.The exciting ci,use is to be sought for in the exanthems, the catarrhs, and, ''to'' a' less'd6gree, in the septic affections.AMid as these become more effectually controll&d, so will acute niephritis become a rarer-affection.Concls8ions.
Clinical Problems: Levodopa Therapy of Patients with Parkinsonism and Heart Disease
Authors: R. B. Jenkins, S. H. Mendelson, S. Lamid, H. L. Klawans
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Forty patients with Parkinsonism and heart disease were studied before and during the administration of levodopa. Patients with increasing angina, myocardial infarction within the previous year, pre-existing severe postural hypotension, or transient cerebral ischaemia were excluded. Thirty-eight patients showed no adverse effects; angina improved in one patient but later worsened; one patient died of myocardial infarction after a severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Therapy with levodopa appears to pose little increased hazard to patients with most forms of heart disease. Inpatient monitoring is recommended at the beginning of therapy, and antiarrhythmic agents should be used when required.
A National Research Laboratory.
Authors: S. E. Hampton
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Milton, Ky., Oct. 28, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your endorsement of the Smallpox Research Laboratory in Cleveland (The Journal, Oct. 24, 1903, p. 1029) is commendable and justified. Would it not be better to have a national laboratory, under the auspices of a department of health, for studies on the etiology and pathology of all contagious and infectious diseases? Does not this work in Cleveland and Boston emphasize the need of the strong arm of the government to prosecute this important work? [Researches are now being carried on in the Hygienic Laboratory of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service on the etiology and pathology of smallpox and of other diseases. A building, thoroughly equipped, has recently been completed, and is now being used for the purpose. The Army Medical Department is also doing good work of this kind in connection with the Army Medical School. The lamented Walter Reed, at
528. Infectivity Enhancement of a Genetic Fiber Mosaic Adenovirus Vector in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Yuko Tsuruta, Larisa Pereboeva, Joel N. Glasgow, Yosuke Kawakami, David T. Curiel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Despite aggressive surgical debulking and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate for advanced ovarian cancer is very low. Thus, gene therapy is a promising treatment alternative; however, clinical cancer gene therapy trials with recombinant human adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5 have seen limited success. The efficiency of Ad gene transfer to ovarian cancer cells has been limited by low expression of the primary Ad5 receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Thus, development of novel Ad vectors providing CAR-independent tropism may lead directly to therapeutic gain. We have previously shown that reovirus |[sigma]|1, a fiber-like attachment protein, incorporated into Ad5 virions, contributed to achieve infectivity enhancement in ovarian cancer cells via CAR-independent manner. Also we have reported that ovarian cancer cells possess a primary receptor for Ad3, which is independent from CAR. We hypothesized that an Ad5 vector containing both reovirus and Ad3 fibers would result in expanded tropism based on cellular expression of CAR independent receptors, thereby providing increased gene delivery to ovarian cancer cells. We have constructed a mosaic fiber Ad5 vector, designated Ad5/3-|[sigma]|1, encoding a luciferase reporter gene and two fibers. The first fiber is the chimeric fiber possessing the reovirus |[sigma]|1 and the second fiber is the chimeric fiber possessing the Ad3 fiber knob. Virus particles were purified and characterized by standard manners. Ad5/3-|[sigma]|1 gene delivery, as measured by luciferase transgene activity, was analyzed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer tissues. Characterization of Ad5/3-|[sigma]|1 confirmed the incorporation of both fibers in the same virus particle. Functionally, Ad5/3-|[sigma]|1 was able to utilize primary receptors for both reovirus and Ad3 for attachment to cells. Ad5/3-|[sigma]|1 provided 28 to 62-fold greater gene transfer versus the isogenic control Ad5 vector in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines, known for relatively low CAR expression. Additionally, Ad5/3-|[sigma]|1 yielded 4.5-fold higher gene transfer to primary ovarian cancer tissue slices. We developed an infectivity enhanced Ad5 vector to address the key issue of limited Ad5 vector efficiency. The expanded tropism of the Ad5/3-|[sigma]|1 represents a crucial attribute for an Ad-based gene therapy vector for ovarian cancer, and may represent an agent with future clinical utility.
Waking up from the DREAM of preventing diabetes with drugs
Authors: Victor M Montori, William L Isley, Gordon H Guyatt
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The current epidemic of diabetes makes a drug to prevent it attractive. But despite promotion of recent research evidence, <b>Victor Montori</b>, <b>William Isley</b>, and <b>Gordon Guyatt </b>argue that we are not there yet
A Contemporary Update on Pathology Standards for Bladder Cancer: Transurethral Resection and Radical Cystectomy Specimens
Authors: Donna E. Hansel, Mahul B. Amin, Eva Comperat, Richard J. Cote, Ruth Knüchel, Rodolfo Montironi, Victor E. Reuter, Mark S. Soloway, Saleem A. Umar, Theodorus H. Van der Kwast
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Coordination and cooperation
Authors: Maarten C. W. Janssen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

This comment makes four related points. First, explaining coordination is different from explaining cooperation. Second, solving the coordination problem is more important for the theory of games than solving the cooperation problem. Third, a version of the Principle of Coordination can be rationalized on individualistic grounds. Finally, psychological game theory should consider how players perceive their gaming situation.