tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulation of endothelin production and metabolism in guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells by peptidase inhibitors.
Authors: Q Yang, B Battistini, P D'Orléans-Juste, A Y Jeng, P Sirois
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Endothelins (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3) are potent bronchoconstrictors and growth-promoting mediators. They are released from various cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. In the airways, ETs are released under basal and stimulated conditions. In patients with status asthmaticus and other pulmonary disorders, the expression and production of ET-1 are increased. We investigated the activities of endothelin-converting enzymes (ECE) and endothelin-degrading enzymes, mostly neutral endopeptidases (NEP), in guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells in culture through the use of various enzyme inhibitors. We found that among ETs, only ET-1 was steadily released under basal conditions over 24 h. The basal production was attenuated by both phosphoramidon and CGS 26 303, dual NEP and ECE inhibitors. Conversely, thiorphan, a selective NEP inhibitor, did not attenuate but rather increased the concentration of ET-1 in cell supernatants. CGS 24 592 and SQ 28 603, other NEP inhibitors, also increased the concentrations of ET-1 in cell supernatants in a concentration-dependent manner. However, at a high concentration, SQ 28 603 also inhibited the basal release of ET-1, which would suggest a non-selective inhibitory activity against ECE. These data suggest that ET-1 is simultaneously produced and degraded by guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells via phosphoramidon-sensitive ECE and NEP pathways, respectively. This observation is of interest when considering that asthmatic patients were shown to have a damaged airway epithelium combined with the loss of NEP activity, which was associated with an increased expression and production of ET-1.
Safety of thrombolysis in association with cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Authors: S J Cross, H S Lee, J M Rawles, K Jennings
Journal: BMJ (1991)

our twins had completed a detailed survey of hair and eye colour and height and had reported that when they were children parents and teachers had had difficulty telling them apart.Such surveys are reliable for determining zygosity.3The present study indicates that caution should be exercised before accepting a single gene hypothesis for pre-eclampsia.Pre-eclampsia is not a maternal auto- somal recessive condition because in recessive inheritance penetrance of the homozygote should be near 100%.We cannot rule out dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance, but the upper limit for this penetrance is about 31%.
Bihormonal regulation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor in mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumor cells in culture.
Authors: M C Gershengorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Receptors for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) are present on mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumor cells. Incubation of thyrotropes with 100 nM TRH or 4 nM L-triiodothyronine (T3) for 48 h decreased the number of TRH receptors to approximately equal to 50 and 20% of control, respectively. There was no effect on the equilibrium dissociation constant which was 3-5 nM. The depletion in the number of available TRH receptors was time- and dose-dependent. TRH, 100 nM, decreased the receptor number to 70% after 24 h, 50% after 48 h, and 45% of control after 72 h. T3, 4 nM, decreased the receptor number to 52% after 24 h, 20% after 48 h, and 17% of control after 72 h. After 48 h, half-maximal depletion occurred with 1-2 nM TRH and approximately equal to 0.15 nM T3. Incubation with 100 nM TRH and 4 nM T3 caused a significantly greater reduction in the receptor level than either hormone alone. The decrease in the receptor level was reversible within 72 h after removal of TRH, 100 nM, but was only partially reversed, from 20 to 40% of control, after removal of T3, 4 nM, after 120 h. By regulating the number of available TRH receptors on the thyrotrope. TRH and T3 interact to control thyrotropin release.
Use of Gabapentin in the Prevention of Taxane-Induced Arthralgias and Myalgias
Authors: Vu H. Nguyen, H. Jeffrey Lawrence
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

with large tumors who receive primary chemotherapy with the goal of permitting breast conservation rather than a mastectomy.Based on the B-27 results, our standard practice for such patients is to give anthracycline-based therapy followed by taxane therapy, similar to Group II in B-27.Since this results in the best chance of a pathologic complete response, we feel that this offers the best opportunity to achieve breast conserving surgery with negative margins and good cosmetic results.Moreover, recent studies suggest that less residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts lower local recurrence rates in the breast, and that patients who have a complete response may eventually be able to avoid surgery altogether. 9,10Although B-27 did not show a higher rate of breast conservation with adjuvant chemotherapy followed by docetaxel, the rate of mastectomy was fairly low in all groups.Again, we do not know whether the additional chemotherapy will improve local control or survival, but most patients considered to be at high risk (with large tumors and/or positive nodes) are likely to receive similar chemotherapy anyway, either preoperatively or postoperatively.We have simply reported the admittedly preliminary results of a large and potentially important trial; we have not said what medical oncologists should do.They must still, as always, read the literature critically and use good clinical judgment for managing each patient in their practices.
Celiac Artery Stenosis
Authors: ARTHUR J. SIEGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 June 1977Celiac Artery StenosisARTHUR J. SIEGEL, M.D., JOHN MANNICK, M.D.ARTHUR J. SIEGEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN MANNICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-825_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Controversy over celiac artery stenosis as a clinical entity was revitalized by the point-counterpoint communications of Watson and Sadikali (1) and Sleisenger (2) in a recent issue. The elusiveness of this diagnosis was emphasized for us by a recent case in which the clinical and angiographic criteria for celiac axis compression were satisfied, but the pathologic findings at laparotomy were consistent with mesenteric lipodystrophy. A pathogenetic relation between these two findings is proposed.A 50-year-old white woman presented with a 2-year history of progressive but nonspecific abdominal pain, often exacerbated after meals and associated with a 9.1-kg...References1. WATSONSADIKALI WF: Celiac axis compression. Experience with 20 patients and a critical appraisal of the syndrome. Ann Intern Med 86:278-284, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SLEISENGER M: The celiac artery syndrome—again? Ann Intern Med 86:355-356, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar3. KIPFERMOERTELDAHLIN RCD: Mesenteric lipodystrophy. Ann Intern Med 80:582-588, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar4. MALTVICKERY RA: Abdominal mass in a 62-year-old man. N Engl J Med 295:214-218, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1977Volume 86, Issue 6Page: 825-826KeywordsAbdominal painLaparotomyLipodystrophyPathogensStenosis Issue Published: 1 June 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effective Erythropoiesis Induced by 5β-Pregnane-3β-Hydroxy-20-One in Squirrel Monkeys
Authors: Emmanuel C. Besa, Dov Gorshein, William A. Hait, Frank H. Gardner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The erythropoietic effect of 5beta-pregnane-3beta-hydroxy-20-one, a naturally occurring steroid metabolite of progesterone, was evaluated in the squirrel monkey by ferrokinetic studies. red cell survival, and blood volume measurements. The intramuscular administration of this steroid in pharmacologic doses shortened the (59)Fe plasma clearance and increased the plasma iron turnover, thereby indicating an increase in erythropoiesis. A normal (59)Fe red cell uptake was observed, and the bone marrow maturation time was not altered. Red cell survival was the same in the treated and control groups. After five weekly injections of the steroid, the monkeys increased their red cell mass by 57%. A significant increase in white blood cells and a slight elevation of platelet counts in the treated monkeys also suggest a possible direct stimulation of hemopoietic stem cells by the steroid metabolite. These observations indicate that some steroid metabolites can stimulate an early increase in iron turnover (within 48 h) that is not secondary to hemolysis. The increased red cell mass indicates effective erythropoiesis in primates.
Public health directors will have big role to play in future NHS, says minister
Authors: M. Pownall
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A stronger role for directors of public health that feeds into GP commissioning will be identified in the forthcoming public health white paper in England, a junior health minister has told a meeting of public health specialists.

Anne Milton, parliamentary undersecretary of state for public health, said at a meeting at the health policy think tank the King’s Fund that the white paper would “outline the transfer of responsibility for local health improvement from primary care trusts to local authorities, and the stronger role for local directors of public health.”

She referred to the UK’s first public health act, passed in 1875, that empowered local boards of health to prevent disease and improve health, and said similar local action was needed to address obesity and cancer.

The new public health directors, who will …
(48) Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
Authors: K.J. Misch, R.A. Marsden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (48) Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides Get access K.J. Misch, K.J. Misch St George's Hospital, London SW17 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. Marsden R.A. Marsden St George's Hospital, London SW17 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 94–95, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13063.x Published: 01 July 1985
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE METABOLISM IN INFANTS WITH REFERENCE TO UTILIZATION AND TO THE ACCUMULATION OF GLYCOLYTIC INTERMEDIATES1
Authors: Robert Kaye, Margaret L. Williams, Giulio Barbero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

A number of studies of the comparative utiliza- tion2 of intravenously administered glucose and fructose have been carried out in adults (1-4).The results have almost uniformly favored fruc- tose, but have been concerned for the most part with infusions which were of short duration and quantitatively inadequate from the standpoint of caloric maintenance.The caloric equivalents of the differences in the excretion of the sugars were clinically insignificant.Comparative utilization studies involving amounts of carbohydrate adequate for the pro- vision of caloric maintenance have been carried out by Strub, Best, Consolazio, and Grossman (4) and by Jonxis and Huisman (5).The former group administered fructose and invert sugar (equal parts of glucose and fructose) in 300 Gm. quantities over a period of three hours and ob- served approximately 95 per cent retention in both cases.Jonxis and Huisman, who carried out the only study previously reported in children, were unable to elicit any difference in utilization of glucose and invert sugar.However, the rate of car- bohydrate administration employed in their ex- periments, which were of 24 hours duration, was sufficiently slow to permit essentially complete utilization of both sugars.In conflict with the consensus of a large num- ber of studies, Beal, Smith, and Frost (6) have found fructose losses in the urine to exceed those of glucose.These authors have explained the discrepancy between their results and those of others on the basis of a delayed excretion of fruc-
A COMPACT APPARATUS FOR THE CLINICAL DETERMINATION OF GASTRIC ACIDITY
Authors: Daniel N. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A rapid method for the determination of gastric acidity by means of test papers was recently described by us.<sup>1</sup>Since this description, we have devised a compact indicator set<sup>2</sup>for carrying out the method in clinical work. The apparatus consists of a small wooden case which contains (<i>a</i>) six vials of standard buffer solutions ranging in<i>p</i><sub>H</sub>from 3.0 to 1.4, each labeled respectively; (<i>b</i>) a vial of test papers impregnated with thymolsulphonephthalein solution, and (<i>c</i>) a vial of test papers impregnated with dimethylamino-azobenzene solution (Töpfer's reagent). The hydrogen ion concentration of a sample of gastric contents is determined by pouring a small portion of the unfiltered material over one end of a test paper. From the table of colors in the accompanying tabulation it is then possible to tell at a glance whether the specimen is hyper, hypo, or of normal acidity. A small quantity of
When Treatment Fails: How Medicine Cares for Dying Children
Authors: Elaine C. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response, and glucose effectiveness in a population-based sample of 380 young healthy Caucasians. Analysis of the impact of gender, body fat, physical fitness, and life-style factors.
Authors: J O Clausen, K Borch-Johnsen, H Ibsen, R N Bergman, P Hougaard, K Winther, O Pedersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are traits that are both genetically and environmentally determined.The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of the insulin sensitivity index (Si), the acute insulin response, and glucose effectiveness (Sg) in young healthy Caucasians and to estimate the relative impact of anthropometric and environmental determinants on these variables.The material included 380 unrelated Caucasian subjects (18-32 yr) with measurement of Si, Sg and insulin secretion during a combined intravenous glucose (0.3 grams/kg body weight) and tolbutamide (3 mg/kg body weight) tolerance test.The distributions of Si and acute insulin response were skewed to the right, whereas the distribution of Sg was Gaussian distributed. Sg was 15% higher in women compared with men (P < 0.001). Waist circumference, body mass index, maximal aerobic capacity, and women's use of oral contraceptives were the most important determinants of Si. Approximately one-third of the variation of Si could be explained by these factors. Compared with individuals in the upper four-fifths of the distribution of Si, subjects with Si in the lowest fifth had higher waist circumference, higher blood pressure, lower VO2max, and lower glucose tolerance and fasting dyslipidemia and dysfibrinolysis. Only 10% of the variation in acute insulin response could be explained by measured determinants.Estimates of body fat, maximal aerobic capacity, and women's use of oral contraceptives explain about one-third of the variation in Si in a population-based sample of young healthy Caucasians.
SERUM TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEW-BORNWITH REPORT OF THREE CASES
Authors: EDWARD B. BIGELOW
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The internal method of the treatment of hemorrhage has received its most successful presentation from P. E. Weil's report of his results with serum in 1905,<sup>1</sup>and from his subsequent articles. He demonstrated that in hemophilia oftentimes the slow coagulation of blood does not result from an anticoagulating ferment, but is due to a lack of, or at least a modification of, certain substances in the blood, as the fibrin ferment. This was shown by him<i>in vitro</i>; first, on the addition to freshly-drawn blood of a small amount of hemophilic serum, the serum did not in the least retard the clotting of the blood, as proved by controls; and secondly, on the addition to freshly drawn hemophilic blood of a small amount of fresh serum from normal blood, the serum caused the hemophilic blood to clot as rapidly as and in a similar manner to normal blood, thus
Rescue treatment for noninvasive ventilation failure due to interface intolerance with remifentanil analgosedation: a pilot study
Authors: Monica Rocco, Giorgio Conti, Elisa Alessandri, Andrea Morelli, Gustavo Spadetta, Amalia Laderchi, Carmela Di Santo, Samanta Francavilla, Paolo Pietropaoli
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
814-3 Effect of Estradiol-17 β upon Coronary Arterial Reactivity to Acetylcholine in Men with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Peter Collins, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Carolyn M. Beale, Stamatis Adamopoulos, John McNeil, Lian Ulrich, Philip M. Sarrel, Philip A. Poole-Wilson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Health Disparities, Culture
Authors: Kevin Fiscella
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stay Away From Self: 5th International Congress on Autoimmunity, Sorrento, Italy, November 29–December 3, 2006
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

![Graphic][1] 

The pancreatic islets of diabetics are invaded by inflammatory cells. Islet destruction requires CD44 (brown) not for this invasion but for delivering apoptotic signals.

NAOR/NAS CD44 is implicated in a number of autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes
Immunotherapy and Human Tumor Immunology
Authors: JOHN L. FAHEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Present knowledge about the immune response to tumors in man is briefly reviewed, and the effects of cancer on immune-system functions are noted. The concepts that human tumors elicit cell-mediated immune responses to tumor antigens are re-examined and modified; for example, cell-mediated immunity may be detectable only at certain stages of tumor growth. Introduction of more sensitive methods for detecting antibodies is providing additional evidence for humoral immune responses to tumor-associated antigens. The present preliminary approaches to immunotherapy, particularly the use of adjuvants such as BCG and Corynebacterium parvum, are assessed, and initial pharmacoimmunologic findings with these agents are reported. The field of tumor immunology is in a dynamic state of development, with input from many areas of immunology and oncology. Carefully controlled clinical trials of these therapeutic regimens will be required to establish the value and indications for the use of such procedures.
Effect of dietary potassium on blood pressure, renal function, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and forearm vascular resistance and flow in normotensive and borderline hypertensive humans.
Authors: W J Lawton, A E Fitz, E A Anderson, C A Sinkey, R A Coleman
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We evaluated the effect of a low potassium diet on blood pressure in normotensive (NT) and in borderline hypertensive subjects (BHT). There were 11 BHT men (age, 24.6 +/- 1.2 years) and 10 NT men (age, 23.5 +/- 1.0 years). Subjects were studied while on both low potassium, high sodium (30 meq/day, 400 meq/day) diets and high potassium, high sodium (100 meq/day, 400 meq/day) diets, each taken for 6 days. During the low potassium diet, daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure increased in both NT (123 +/- 5 mm Hg, low potassium, vs. 116 +/- 4 mm Hg, high potassium, p less than 0.01) and BHT groups (134 +/- 3, low potassium, vs. 124 +/- 3, high potassium, p less than 0.001). Mean blood pressure was not different in NT during the two diets but was significantly higher during the low potassium diet in BHT subjects (97 +/- 2 mm Hg low potassium, vs. 92 +/- 1 mm Hg, high potassium, p less than 0.05) without change in heart rate in BHT subjects during the two diets. Low potassium diet increased the postural rise in diastolic blood pressure when subjects changed from the supine position to quiet standing (standing diastolic blood pressure for NT: low potassium, 79 +/- 2 mm Hg vs. high potassium, 72 +/- 2 mm Hg; for BHT: low potassium, 89 +/- 2 mm Hg vs. high potassium diet, 83 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). The effects of low potassium diet on blood pressure were not related to marked changes in renal hemodynamics, in plasma renin activity, in aldosterone, or in norepinephrine, nor to increases in forearm vascular resistance or in muscle sympathetic nerve activity. In fact, muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased in the BHT group during low potassium compared with high potassium diets (p less than 0.001) and did not change in the NT group. Sympathetic nerve activity was also higher in BHT compared with the NT group during high potassium and low potassium diets, p less than 0.001. In the NT group, the low potassium diet was associated with lower hematocrit levels, weight gain, and increased 24 hour urinary calcium levels. After the low potassium diet, serum potassium fell in both groups, and serum phosphorus fell significantly in the BHT group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Risks and Benefits of Sweet Pee
Authors: Florian Lang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

The renal reabsorption of filtered glucose is accomplished by two Na+-coupled carriers, SGLT1 and SGLT2, in the apical cell membrane of proximal tubules as well as the passive carriers, GLUT1 and GLUT2, along the basolateral cell membrane.[1][1] The low-affinity/high-capacity glucose transporter