tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Poor accountability under reforms could damage NHS, warns King's Fund
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

From published overall resolution indices for three Anger camera systems, measured with three straight-bore collimators and <sup>99m</sup>Tc in air and with a water absorber present, the components due to inherent camera resolution, collimator geometry, and scatter are derived at various depths. Replacement of S-11 multiplier phototubes by bialkali phototubes improves calculated inherent Pho/Gamma III camera resolution by about 30% and by a further 33% upgrading to a high-performance model. At distances 2, 5, 8, and 10 cm from each collimator face with an intervening water absorber, mean scatter components of overall resolution indices are 6, 8, 9, and 10 mm, respectively. In typical clinical <sup>99m</sup>Tc imaging situations with a scattering medium present, the relative contributions of camera, collimator, and scatter to the total overall system resolution are presented.
Flawed analysis may be used to restrict birth choices
Authors: P. M. Hull
Journal: BMJ (2012)

This analysis of the Birthplace study has some of the same inherent flaws in its collection and analysis of comparative data, but worse, its promise of “cost effectiveness” in today’s economic climate and imminent restructuring of the NHS may be improperly used for political and ideological restriction of “low risk” women’s choices.1

The cost analysis is incomplete. Adverse downstream costs such as litigation, infant and maternal injuries, and trauma …
TCT-467 Clinical Outcomes after Anterior ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction According to LAD Lesion Location: The INFUSE-AMI Trial
Authors: Sorin Brener, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Akiko Maehara, Joe Dizon, Martin Fahy, Magdi El-Omar, Jan-Henk Dambrink, Roxana Mehran, Keith Oldroyd, Helen Parise, C. Michael Gibson, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Evolution of Preventive Medicine in the United States Army 1607-1939.
Authors: Stanhope Bayne-Jones, Robert S. Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Abstract : Preventive medicine programs for armies, from antiquity to the present, have been designed and operated to prevent physical and mental diseases and disabilities, and to preserve and promote health among all personnel essential to the military effort. With varying degrees of potential efficacy, conditioned by the state of knowledge and by the enterprise of leaders and their followers, these programs have provided for the application of measures of control not only in strictly military situations but also in civilian populations in the environment of war areas when conditions in such groups were threats to the health of troops or possible hindrances to the progress of campaigns. These programs have been and must be, intelligent combinations of measures which rest upon the responsibility of the individual person and of public health activities which are the responsibility of the community. Military preventive medicine is in fact the public health of the community of the Army.
We need a simple test for prosopagnosia
Authors: D. R. Fine
Journal: BMJ (2011)

He is a distinguished colleague and I am proud we are on first name terms: had I met him at the conference rather than the airport I would not have walked past. I was embarrassed, so my wife explained my problem, and his reply was unusual: “You must write a review for the BMJ so that others can understand your problem and benefit from your experience. Accounts of disability and how people cope are uplifting and help even those not afflicted.”

I have severe inherited (developmental) prosopagnosia, or face blindness. The term prosopagnosia was coined in 1947, but it has been widely recognised outside the context of brain injury only in the past decade. Its purest form is limited to facial recognition, but I also have problems with inanimate and animate objects and in interpreting facial signs of emotion and sex. I often fail to recognise my children or even my wife.

Prosopagnosia has shaped my life. At every stage I have failed to acknowledge friends and, more distressingly, those …
Abstract PR12: Bringing the outside in: Macropinocytosis and cancer therapeutics
Authors: Cosimo Commisso, Venugopal Chenna, Elda Grabocka, Craig Ramirez, Maitra Anirban, Dafna Bar-Sagi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Oncogenic Ras mutations are prevalent in a variety of tumor types, including adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, colon, and lung. One of the most overt phenotypes associated with the expression of oncogenic Ras mutants is the stimulation of macropinocytosis, an endocytic process that involves extensive membrane remodeling and the internalization of extracellular fluid via large membrane-bound vesicles called macropinosomes. The functional consequences of this stimulation in oncogenic Ras-expressing cancer cells were unknown prior to our recent work where we linked macropinocytic uptake to nutrient delivery and amino acid supply in tumor cells. We found that Ras-transformed cells utilize macropinocytosis to internalize extracellular albumin, which is then lysosomally degraded releasing the constituent amino acids intracellularly. These protein-derived amino acids have the capacity to enter central carbon metabolism and fuel tumor cell proliferation even in a nutrient-depleted environment. Of particular relevance is the finding that the pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis compromises the growth of Ras-driven pancreatic xenograft tumors. This discovery raises the question of whether the inhibition of macropinocytosis can be utilized as a therapeutic intervention in a subset of cancers. Moreover, because macropinocytosis is an established mechanism of drug delivery for nanoparticles, our work highlights the possibility of exploiting this feature of Ras-induced tumors for the effective delivery of nanoscale therapeutics. Our recent studies focused on identifying novel modulators of macropinocytosis and examining macropinocytosis as a delivery mechanism for nab-paclitaxel, an albumin-based nanoparticle therapy, will be discussed. Citation Format: Cosimo Commisso, Venugopal Chenna, Elda Grabocka, Craig Ramirez, Maitra Anirban, Dafna Bar-Sagi. Bringing the outside in: Macropinocytosis and cancer therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR12.
Nlrp3-inflammasome activation in non-myeloid-derived cells aggravates diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Khurrum Shahzad, Fabian Bock, Wei Dong, Hongjie Wang, Stefan Kopf, Shrey Kohli, Moh'd Mohanad Al-Dabet, Satish Ranjan, Juliane Wolter, Christian Wacker, Ronald Biemann, Stoyan Stoyanov, Klaus Reymann, Peter Söderkvist, Olaf Groß, Vedat Schwenger, Sascha Pahernik, Peter P. Nawroth, Herman-Josef Gröne, Thati Madhusudhan, Berend Isermann
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

Diabetic nephropathy is a growing health concern with characteristic sterile inflammation. As the underlying mechanisms of this inflammation remain poorly defined, specific therapies targeting sterile inflammation in diabetic nephropathy are lacking. Intriguingly, an association of diabetic nephropathy with inflammasome activation has recently been shown, but the pathophysiological relevance of this finding remains unknown. Within glomeruli, inflammasome activation was detected in endothelial cells and podocytes in diabetic humans and mice and in glucose-stressed glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes in vitro. Abolishing Nlrp3 or caspase-1 expression in bone marrow-derived cells fails to protect mice against diabetic nephropathy. Conversely, Nlrp3-deficient mice are protected against diabetic nephropathy despite transplantation of wild-type bone marrow. Pharmacological IL-1R antagonism prevented or even reversed diabetic nephropathy in mice. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the Nlrp3 inflammasome in glucose or advanced glycation end product stressed podocytes. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS prevents glomerular inflammasome activation and nephropathy in diabetic mice. Thus, mitochondrial ROS and Nlrp3-inflammasome activation in non-myeloid-derived cells aggravate diabetic nephropathy. Targeting the inflammasome may be a potential therapeutic approach to diabetic nephropathy.
Matrix metalloproteases in BAL fluid of patients with cystic fibrosis and their modulation by treatment with dornase alpha
Authors: F Ratjen
Journal: Thorax (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the remodelling and degradation of extracellular matrix and may play a role in pulmonary tissue destruction in cystic fibrosis (CF). <b>Methods:</b> Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, and their natural inhibitor TIMP-1 were measured on two occasions within 18 months in 23 children with mild CF, 13 of whom were treated with DNase. <b>Results:</b> MMP-8 (39.3 (6.8) <i>v</i> 0.12 (0.01) ng/ml), MMP-9 (58.0 (11.4) <i>v</i> 0.5 (0.02) ng/ml), and the molar ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 (0.36 (0.05) <i>v</i> 0.048 (0.01)) were significantly higher in patients with CF than in control children without lung disease. Gelatine zymography showed the typical banding pattern of neutrophil derived MMP-9, including 130 kDa NGAL-MMP-9 complex and 92 kDa latent MMP-9 bands; 85 kDa bands (corresponding to active MMP-9) were seen in all patients. There was a close correlation between BAL fluid concentrations of MMPs and α<sub>2</sub>-macroglobulin, a marker of alveolocapillary leakage. After 18 months MMP levels were increased in untreated patients and decreased in patients treated with DNase. <b>Conclusions:</b> Uninhibited MMPs may contribute to pulmonary tissue destruction even in CF patients with mild lung disease that may be positively affected by treatment with DNase.
Codanin-1 mutations in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 1 affect HP1α localization in erythroblasts
Authors: Raffaele Renella, Nigel A. Roberts, Jill M. Brown, Marco De Gobbi, Louise E. Bird, Tasneem Hassanali, Jacqueline A. Sharpe, Jacqueline Sloane-Stanley, David J. P. Ferguson, Jacqueline Cordell, Veronica J. Buckle, Douglas R. Higgs, William G. Wood
Journal: Blood (2011)
Safety and Efficacy of RNAi Therapy for Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Teresa Coelho, David Adams, Ana Silva, Pierre Lozeron, Philip N. Hawkins, Timothy Mant, Javier Perez, Joseph Chiesa, Steve Warrington, Elizabeth Tranter, Malathy Munisamy, Rick Falzone, Jamie Harrop, Jeffrey Cehelsky, Brian R. Bettencourt, Mary Geissler, James S. Butler, Alfica Sehgal, Rachel E. Meyers, Qingmin Chen, Todd Borland, Renta M. Hutabarat, Valerie A. Clausen, Rene Alvarez, Kevin Fitzgerald, Christina Gamba-Vitalo, Saraswathy V. Nochur, Akshay K. Vaishnaw, Dinah W.Y. Sah, Jared A. Gollob, Ole B. Suhr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Transthyretin amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of hepatocyte-derived transthyretin amyloid in peripheral nerves and the heart. A therapeutic approach mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) could reduce the production of transthyretin.
Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting Enhances Survival in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Malcolm J. Dorman, Paul A. Kurlansky, Ernest A. Traad, David L. Galbut, Melinda Zucker, George Ebra
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an unprecedented rate, affecting nearly 8% of the population. Previous studies have demonstrated a potential benefit for surgical over interventional revascularization in this group of patients. Similarly, studies have shown the superiority of bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafting over single internal mammary artery (SIMA) grafting in select populations. However, concerns about sternal wound infection have discouraged the use of BIMA grafting in diabetics. Therefore, we studied the long-term results of BIMA versus SIMA grafting in a large population of diabetic patients in whom BIMA grafting was broadly applied. Methods and Results— Between February 1972 and May 1994, 1107 consecutive diabetic patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with either SIMA (n=646) or BIMA (n=461) grafting. Optimal matching with the propensity score was used to create matched SIMA (n=414) and BIMA (n=414) cohorts. Cross-sectional follow-up (6 weeks to 30.1 years; mean, 8.9 years) determined long-term survival. There was no difference in operative mortality, sternal wound infection, or total complications between matched SIMA and BIMA groups (operative mortality, 10 of 414 [2.4%] versus 13 of 414 [3.1%]; P =0.279; sternal wound infection, 7 of 414 [1.7%] versus 13 of 414 [3.1%]; P =0.179); total complications, 71 of 414 [17.1%] versus 71 of 414 [17.1%]; P =1.000). Late survival was significantly enhanced with the use of BIMA grafting (median survival: SIMA, 9.8 years versus BIMA, 13.1 years; P =0.001). Use of BIMA was found to be associated with late survival on Cox regression ( P =0.003). Conclusion— Compared with SIMA grafting, BIMA grafting in propensity score–matched patients provides diabetics with enhanced survival without any increase in perioperative morbidity or mortality.
Rural living in India is linked to lower risk of breast cancer, study finds
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Women who live in rural India for more than 20 years have a lower risk of developing breast cancer than those who grew up in cities, a study has found. 

The incidence of breast cancer in India varies between rural and urban areas, implying that a transition between the two areas could alter the risk of breast cancer. A study published in the Indian Journal of Cancer investigated this idea by studying incidence rates in 26 Indian cancer registries, which were divided on the basis of population into rural (population  1 000 000).1 Compared with the rural registry …
Chloride-Restrictive Fluid Administration and Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Richard K. Albert
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE RHEUMATIC SUBJECT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ACTIVITY OF THE RHEUMATIC PROCESS. IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAINS OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS, EFFECTIVE AND NON-EFFECTIVE IN INITIATING RHEUMATIC ACTIVITY 1
Authors: Alvin F. Coburn, Ruth H. Pauli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1935)
Is childhood asthma an inflammatory disease?
Authors: W. M. C. van Aalderen, A. B. Sprikkelman, M. O. Hoekstra
Journal: Allergy (1999)

There is now extensive evidence that asthma results from inflammation in large and small airways, and that the degree of inflammation reflects the clinical severity of the disease. Most of this evidence, however, has come from studies in adult patients. Evidence in children comes largely from indirect studies such as measurements of peripheral blood cells and inflammatory markers, rather than from direct bronchoscopic examination. Studies in adults show that inflammation in asthma is characterized by eosinophilia, epithelial damage, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and that activation of allergen-specific T cells plays an important role in orchestrating the inflammatory process. In children, indirect evidence of inflammation comes from the observation that anti-inflammatory agents such as inhaled corticosteroids improve symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reduce the number of asthma exacerbations, and limit the progressive decline in lung function. Further evidence comes from measurements of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide (potential inflammatory markers) in exhaled air, and of inflammatory mediators in plasma and urine. As in adults, there is evidence that lymphocytes play an important role in orchestrating the inflammatory process. The immunologic profile appears to shift from a Th1-type cytokine profile to an allergen-related Th2-type profile prior to birth. Such a Th2 predominance constitutes a risk factor for the subsequent development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma in response to allergen.
Forensic Aspects of Pediatric Fractures: Differentiating Accidental Trauma From Child Abuse
Authors: Stephen B. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCR clonotypes modulate the protective effect of HLA class I molecules in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Huabiao Chen, Zaza M Ndhlovu, Dongfang Liu, Lindsay C Porter, Justin W Fang, Sam Darko, Mark A Brockman, Toshiyuki Miura, Zabrina L Brumme, Arne Schneidewind, Alicja Piechocka-Trocha, Kevin T Cesa, Jennifer Sela, Thai D Cung, Ildiko Toth, Florencia Pereyra, Xu G Yu, Daniel C Douek, Daniel E Kaufmann, Todd M Allen, Bruce D Walker
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Transcriptional Profile Changes Induced by Rapamycin in Breast Cancer Maintained in Organ Culture.
Authors: S. Grosso, M. Katayama, R. Roela, S. Nonogaki, F. Soares, M. Brentani, J. Goes
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) is a serine threonine kinase, member of the AKT/PI3K pathway, which is involved in multiple biologic functions such as transcription, translation, protein degradation and ribosome biogenesis. The activation of this protein results in phosphorilation and activation of S6K1 and 4EBP1. Rapamycin is a potent fungicide, immunossupressive and anti-cancer agent that inhibits the mTOR pathway and is an emerging cancer therapeutic. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine genes regulated by rapamycin in samples of ductal invasive breast cancer to identify novel markers of rapamycin response. Material and Methods: Inhibition of some elements of AKT pathway was assessed by immunohistochemistry in samples of breast carcinoma maintained in organ culture of fresh cut slices that preserves the interaction between epithelium and stroma before and after treatment with rapamycin. Additionally changes of the gene expression profile was analyzed by microarray in these samples subdivided in positive and negative Erb-B2. Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated a significant decrease of 4EBP1 in the samples of tumor treated with rapamycin compared with the control cases. Microarray analysis revealed that few common genes were regulated in both tumor types but rapamycin affected the expression of genes mainly involved in cellular transcription and translation in both groups. To confirm the results obtained through microarray technique, RT-PCR analysis was performed in independent samples and we validated the genes WWOX, EXT1 and GTF2E2 in 60% of our cases. Over expression of the autophagy related beclin 1 indicated a contribution of autophagy to cytotoxicity of rapamycin. Conclusion: The organ culture represents a simple method to determine the effects of rapamycin and using gene profile analysis, novel genes that possible could be used as markers of mTOR inhibition were identified. Supported by FAPESP nº 04/04607-8 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6129.
Comparison of Coil and Kiil Dialysers
Authors: P. F. Down, D. E. Farrand, S. E. Wood, H. A. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1970)

To assess the comparative efficiency, safety, and cost of maintenance dialysis, the treatment of 13 patients with a Kiil dialyser (representing 1,477 hospital and 735 home dialyses) was compared with that of 11 patients using a coil dialyser (898 hospital and 396 home dialyses). Kiil and coil dialysers proved equally satisfactory from a medical standpoint and equally acceptable to the patients. The capital costs of home dialysis were considerably reduced without any threat to safety or efficiency. The running costs of coil dialysers approximate to those of Kiil dialysers.
From informed consent to informed request: do we need a new gold standard?
Authors: Ben Moulton, Peter Alf Collins, Nick Burns-Cox, Angela Coulter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

It is generally accepted that valid consent must be obtained before providing invasive or risky treatment – indeed it is a legal and ethical requirement – but there is much debate about how best to do it in clinical practice. In England, the Department of Health and the General Medical Council (GMC) have provided guidance on the general principles, but there is no consensus on how much information about treatment benefits and harms should be provided, how these should be communicated, or whether, when and how information about alternative treatments should be made available. English law remains uncertain on these issues and it is left up to healthcare organizations to determine how to do it and how to record details of what information patients have been given and what they have consented to. There is no clear requirement to check that the information has been absorbed and understood and there has been surprisingly little research into the practice of informed consent that might help to clarify these issues. Recent developments in the USA encouraging the use of certified high-quality patient decision aids when obtaining informed consent may provide a useful pointer on how to progress this issue in the UK.