tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are human gestures in the present time a mere vestige of a former sign language? Probably not
Authors: Pierre Feyereisen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Right-hand preference for conversational gestures does not imply close connections between the neural systems controlling manual and vocal communication. Use of speech and gestures may dissociate in some cases of focal brain damages. Furthermore, there are limits in the ability to combine spoken words and concurrent hand movements. These findings suggest that discourse production depends on multiple components which probably have different evolutionary origins.
Right Colon Loop: A Potential Pitfall for Total Colonoscopy
Authors: J. Rhodes, J. Zvargulis, R. Moffat, W. Hartong
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

A right colon loop can occur during total colonoscopy. A light on the anterior abdominal wall in the right lower quadrant and a fluoroscopic view may imply that the tip of the colonoscope is in the cecum. The right colon loop can be documented by roentgenograms and the injection of a radioopaque solution. An arrest in embryological development with overdistension with air accounts for the right colon loop. An unrecognized right colon loop could account for a failure to see a cecal carcinoma.
Abstract 1188: Primary human breast tumor explant platform for integrated profiling and target validation
Authors: Liina Nevalaita, Hanna Ala-Hongisto, Maria Lehtivaara, Päivi Heikkilä, Marjut Leidenius, Panu Kovanen, Outi Monni, Juha Klefström
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Primary explant culture preserves three-dimensional architecture of tumor tissue, intra-tumoral heterogeneity and aspects of tumor microenvironment, including interactions between tumor cells and the adjacent tissue cells. For these reasons, it is believed that the explant cultures capture tumor-specific pathways and their complexities better than possibly any other in vitro or ex vivo tumor model. We are developing a primary human breast tumor explant platform allowing integration of rapid, small-scale genome profiling with validation of tumor specific targets. We show that the explants, processed to 100 uM fragments and cultured on a 3D matrix, contain both epithelial and stromal cells and maintain the viability for up to 12 days. To characterize the explant phenotype and similarity to the original tumor, we have examined explants and the original tumors side-by-side by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC) and genome profiling. The biomarkers analyzed by IHC and/or ICC include hormone receptors, cytokines, epithelial and stromal cell markers as well as proliferation and apoptosis markers. A small-scale genome profiling analysis was performed with TruSeq Amplicon Cancer panel. Cancer-related missense mutations were identical in 60% of original tumor/ explant pairs and had minor differences in 40% of original tumor/ explant pairs. Compared to original tumors, proliferation was increased in explants but clear correlation in the level of proliferation between original tumor/ explant was observed. In conclusion, our preliminary findings suggest surprisingly similar genetic landscapes between breast tumor explants and the cognate primary tumors. Therefore, breast tumor explant platforms could predict well the efficacy of molecular targeted and personalized therapies. Citation Format: Liina Nevalaita, Hanna Ala-Hongisto, Maria Lehtivaara, Päivi Heikkilä, Marjut Leidenius, Panu Kovanen, Outi Monni, Juha Klefström. Primary human breast tumor explant platform for integrated profiling and target validation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1188. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1188
The Causes of the Contagion of Typhoid Fever
Authors: M. K. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1874)

it being still necessary to hurry him to the door-the same nioise bringing on a fit.All this time the bowels acted very sluggishly, but the uirinie was passed genierally regularly.The intelligence throughout wvas per- fectly good, anid he took his food wi-ell, wh-Iiiclh conlsistedl enitirely of milk anid brancdy-sometimes drinking two quiar-ts of freshlilk iin the twenty- four hours.I-le appeared alwavs better for an hotur or so after food.Th1le brandy, hichl at one timile was gciven pretty freely, wi-as (quite tolerate(l.
Reduction of Locked Facets
Authors: Charles E. Dowman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the FRACTURE OF THE MONTH (<b>218</b>:1288, 1971), I was particularly interested in the application of traction for reduction of locked facets. The angle of traction used was direct axial pull. It has been my experience that individuals with this condition can be recognized in the emergency room because they, unlike persons with cervical fracture dislocations without locked facets, are uncomfortable in hyperextension, and are more comfortable in flexion. I believe the reason for this is that when hyperextension is carried out, they have less room for their spinal cords. In addition, perhaps they squeeze their nerve roots a bit. Historically, the older method of rapid reduction of cervical dislocations was carried out with the leather head halter, the leather belt, and manual pressure on the shoulders with first flexion, then traction, then hyperextension. The method I have used since 1939 has been to place the patient
Clinical Lecture on Chronic Bright's Disease, with Contracted Kidney (Arterio-Capillary Fibrosis)
Authors: W. Gull
Journal: BMJ (1872)

THE subject I have chosen for your attention to-day is one for which the clinical wards of Guy's Hospital are particUlarly famous.To use an expression of our German friends, Guy's Hospital is the "fatherland" of this disease.It was here that Dr. Bright pursued those investiga- tions which have made his name immortal." Bright's disease" is, how- ever, but a generic expression, and appertains to many affections of the kidney, which, though more or less allied by the character of their morbid anatomy, so far as the kidneys themselves are concerned, are probably distinct in their cause and clinical history.It has long been felt that the term " Bright's disease" must either be discontinued, or be more strictly limited to one given pathological state.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Increases Neointima Formation in Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries
Authors: Mary Beth DeYoung, Clifford Tom, David A. Dichek
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are associated with myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and restenosis. PAI-1 is increased in atherosclerotic arteries and failed vein grafts. No experimental data, however, support a causal relationship between elevated PAI-1 expression and vascular lesions. Paradoxically, data generated in PAI-1 knockout mice suggest that PAI-1 might decrease lesion formation after arterial injury and that PAI-1 gene transfer might prevent restenosis. Methods and Results Using the rat carotid balloon injury model and a PAI-1-expressing adenoviral vector, we tested whether elevated arterial PAI-1 expression would alter neointima formation. Compared with control-transduced arteries, neointima formation in PAI-1-transduced arteries was initially retarded. By 14 days, however, the intimas of PAI-1-transduced arteries were significantly larger than intimas of control-transduced arteries (1.6±0.1×10 5 versus 1.2±0.1×10 5 μm 2 , n=18 to 19, P &lt;0.03). PAI-1 expression in individual arteries correlated with increased cell proliferation at 4 and 8 days after injury ( R =0.6, P &lt;0.02 and P &lt;0.006). PAI-1 expression also correlated with fibrin(ogen) accumulation ( R =0.77, P &lt;0.001), and fibrin(ogen) accumulation correlated strongly with proliferation ( R =0.86, P &lt;0.00001). Conclusions Increased expression of PAI-1 in the artery wall promotes neointima growth after balloon injury. Therefore, despite encouraging data generated in other animal models, PAI-1 is not a promising agent for gene therapy to prevent restenosis. Moreover, our data associate elevated PAI-1 expression with fibrin(ogen) accumulation and increased cell proliferation. These data suggest a mechanism to explain the association between elevated PAI-1 expression and the progression of arterial disease.
Cesium chloride-induced long QT syndrome: demonstration of afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in vivo.
Authors: J H Levine, J F Spear, T Guarnieri, M L Weisfeldt, C D de Langen, L C Becker, E N Moore
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The identification of afterdepolarizations and their relationship to arrhythmias in vivo is not available. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether afterdepolarizations could be detected in monophasic action potentials (MAPs) recorded in vivo and whether they were related to arrhythmias in an intact canine preparation of the long QT syndrome. Isolated cardiac tissues from six dogs were studied to validate the technique. In simultaneous MAP and transmembrane recordings, afterdepolarizations induced with barium (early) or acetylstrophanthidin (delayed) were detected in MAPs when present in microelectrode recordings. MAPs were then recorded in situ in eight dogs with cesium chloride-induced long QT syndrome associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Afterdepolarizations were identified in each of the dogs and were similar to early afterdepolarizations identified in vitro; they occurred during phase 3 and were attenuated during overdrive pacing. The afterdepolarizations were closely related to arrhythmias: (1) afterdepolarizations always preceded ventricular arrhythmias, (2) the coupling intervals (CI) of the afterdepolarizations (AD) and the ventricular premature beats (VPB) were nearly identical (VPB CI = 1.06 AD CI -10.24; r2 = .87), (3) the take-off potentials of the ventricular premature beats were nearly identical to the amplitude of the afterdepolarizations (take-off potential = 0.98 afterdepolarization amplitude +0.46, r2 = .87), and (4) afterdepolarizations and ventricular arrhythmias resolved concurrently during overdrive pacing and with time. Thus, a new catheter technique has been validated and has been used to directly identify afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in vivo.
Treating rheumatoid arthritis with tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade
Authors: P. Emery
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the commonest autoimmune diseases, with a prevalence of about 1%, and it is perhaps the most common reversible disability in the Western world. After 10 years, 50% of people with rheumatoid arthritis in employment no longer work, most losing their jobs in the first 12 months after diagnosis.1 Excessive amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor, TNF β interleukin-1 (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), mediate most of the pathogenic features of rheumatoid arthritis. Infliximab, the chimeric antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha, and etanercept, a fusion protein p75 tumour necrosis factor alpha receptor immunoglobulin, have been shown to be very effective in reducing the chronic symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis in patients who fail to respond to conventional treatment with disease modifying drugs.2 Both these molecules produce response rates which are at least as high as those seen with other treatments given for milder disease. Importantly, these drugs have been shown to be effective in patients who were thought to be resistant to all treatment. Before these new drugs such patients were left to deteriorate, resulting in cachexic individuals with destroyed joints, a picture all too familiar to physicians.

Most physicians believed that because of the redundancy of the …
Exposure to Agent Orange
Authors: Daniel J. Fink
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The description by Gilbert Bogen, MD, of "Symptoms in Vietnam Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange" (242:2391, 1979) may be misleading to Vietnam-era veterans and their physicians. Bogen does not describe how his patient population was selected; the degree of exposure claimed by this population to Agent Orange; any documentation (eg, by assay of herbicide levels in fat biopsy specimens) of the exposure to Agent Orange or its systemic absorption and storage; and any comparison of the reported symptoms between the exposed veterans and an age-matched but unexposed population. His report, without reference to a control population, lists the occurrence of several minor and a few more serious mental and physiological symptoms, including a large number of neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal complaints. These types of problems are not uncommon in young men who seek medical attention for nonspecific and ill-defined complaints. In the patient population described by Bogen, such
The Comprehensive Treatment of the Aging Spine: Minimally Invasive and Advanced Techniques
Authors: Baron S. Lonner
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vertebral size in elderly women with osteoporosis. Mechanical implications and relationship to fractures.
Authors: V Gilsanz, M L Loro, T F Roe, J Sayre, R Gilsanz, E E Schulz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Reductions in bone density are a major determinant of vertebral fractures in the elderly population. However, women have a greater incidence of fractures than men, although their spinal bone densities are comparable. Recent observations indicate that women have 20-25% smaller vertebrae than men after accounting for differences in body size. To assess whether elderly women with vertebral fractures have smaller vertebrae than women who do not experience fractures, we reviewed 1,061 computed tomography bone density studies and gathered 32-matched pairs of elderly women, with reduced bone density, whose main difference was absence or presence of vertebral fractures. Detailed measurements of the dimensions of unfractured vertebrae and the moment arm of spinal musculature from T12 to L4 were calculated from computed tomography images in the 32 pairs of women matched for race, age, height, weight, and bone density. The cross-sectional area of unfractured vertebrae was 4.9-11.5% (10.5 +/- 1.4 vs 9.7 +/- 1.5 cm2; P < 0.0001) smaller and the moment arm of spinal musculature was 3.2-7.4% (56.4 +/- 5.1 vs 53.1 +/- 4.4 mm; P < 0.0001) shorter in women with fractures, implying that mechanical stress within intact vertebral bodies for equivalent loads is 5-17% greater in women with fractures compared to women without fractures. Such significant variations are very likely to contribute to vertebral fractures in osteoporotic women.
Molecular basis for subdividing hereditary colon cancer?
Authors: W M Grady
Journal: Gut (2005)

Much progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular basis of familial colorectal cancer syndromes. Molecular characterisation of cancer family syndromes will ultimately be the most accurate way of defining hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer-like cancer family syndromes and will provide more accurate information regarding cancer risk and optimal cancer surveillance regimens

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is estimated to affect over 1 million people and to cause over 528 000 deaths worldwide each year (Globocan, 2002). In the USA, the cumulative lifetime risks of CRC and death from CRC are approximately 5–6% and 2.5%, respectively.1 Most colon cancers occur in individuals over the age of 50 years and are believed to develop as a consequence of environmental carcinogen exposure and genetic factors.2,3 However, approximately 3–5% of all colon cancers occur as a direct consequence of highly penetrant germline mutations which cause hereditary colon cancer syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), juvenile polyposis syndrome, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.4–6

HNPCC is the most common hereditary CRC syndrome and the subject of a study by Mueller-Koch and colleagues7 in this issue of Gut that characterises the cancer risks of families that meet the clinical definition for HNPCC but who do not have any of the molecular features that have come to define this syndrome (see page 1733) . The study by Mueller-Koch and colleagues7 is remarkable because it demonstrates the progress that has been made in our understanding of the molecular basis of familial CRC syndromes. In fact, since the discovery of APC germline mutations as the major cause of FAP and of MLH1 and MSH2 germline mutations as the cause of most cases of HNPCC, it has become increasingly recognised that the clinical presentation of these families with hereditary …
Consumption of unprocessed cow's milk protects infants from common respiratory infections
Authors: Georg Loss, Martin Depner, Laurien H. Ulfman, R.J. Joost van Neerven, Alexander J. Hose, Jon Genuneit, Anne M. Karvonen, Anne Hyvärinen, Vincent Kaulek, Caroline Roduit, Juliane Weber, Roger Lauener, Petra Ina Pfefferle, Juha Pekkanen, Outi Vaarala, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Josef Riedler, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Erika von Mutius, Markus J. Ege
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
PAR1 antagonism protects against experimental liver fibrosis. Role of proteinase receptors in stellate cell activation
Authors: Stefano Fiorucci, Elisabetta Antonelli, Eleonora Distrutti, Beatrice Severino, Roviezzo Fiorentina, Monia Baldoni, Giuseppe Caliendo, Vincenzo Santagada, Antonio Morelli, Giuseppe Cirino
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

In fibroblasts, thrombin induces collagen deposition through activation of a G-protein-coupled receptor, proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)). In the current study, we examined whether PAR(1) antagonism inhibits hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in vitro and whether it protects against fibrosis development in a rodent model of cirrhosis. A rat HSC line was used for in vitro studies whereas cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). The current results demonstrated that HSCs express PAR(1), as well as proteinase-activated receptors 2 (PAR(2)) and 4 (PAR(4)), and that all three PARs were up-regulated in response to exposure to growth factor in vitro. Exposure to thrombin and to SFLLRN-(SF)-NH(2), a PAR(1) agonist, and GYPGKF (GY)-NH(2), a PAR(4) agonist, triggered HSC proliferation and contraction, as well as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) production and collagen I synthesis and release. These effects were inhibited by the PAR(1) antagonist. Administration of this antagonist, 1.5 mg/kg/d, to BDL rats reduced liver type I collagen messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and surface collagen by 63%, as measured by quantitative morphometric analysis. Similarly, hepatic and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was reduced significantly by the PAR(1) antagonist. In conclusion, PAR(s) regulates HSC activity; development of PAR antagonists might be a feasible therapeutic strategy for protecting against fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases.
Ménétrier's Disease Diagnosed by Electrosurgical Snare Biopsy
Authors: John T. Bjork
Journal: JAMA (1977)

MÉNÉTRIER'S disease is traditionally diagnosed by full-thickness gastric biopsy specimens obtained at exploratory laparotomy or at autopsy. This is necessary because standard endoscopic mucosal biopsies yield material that is too small and thin to evaluate mucosal thickness, and thus are inadequate to diagnose hyperplastic mucosal lesions. This case report describes a patient with Ménétrier's disease diagnosed by full-thickness endoscopic mucosal biopsy<sup>1-3</sup>and who was therefore spared exploratory surgery. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old minister had a five-year history of nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. He had lost 18 kg in weight during the past six months. He denied abdominal pain, early satiety, change in bowel habits, excessive alcohol or aspirin intake, but complained of occasional nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Past medical and family history was unremarkable. Physical examination showed a thin, 57.1-kg man with normal vital signs. Pertinent negative findings included the absence of ascites, organomegaly, abdominal masses, and peripheral
A piece of my mind. The mark of a survivor
Authors: D. Yost
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal