tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parity and Pituitary Adenoma Risk
Authors: P. F. Coogan, J. A. Baron, L. Mats
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Parity and Pituitary Adenoma Risk Get access Patricia F. Coogan, Patricia F. Coogan * Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public HealthMA Correspondence to : Patricia F. Coogan, M.P.H., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 80 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118-2394. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John A. Baron, John A. Baron Departments of Medicine and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical SchoolHanover, NH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lambe Mats Lambe Mats University HospitalUppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 18, 20 September 1995, Pages 1410–1411, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.18.1410 Published: 20 September 1995 Article history Received: 28 March 1995 Revision received: 06 July 1995 Accepted: 19 July 1995 Published: 20 September 1995
Decreased Albumin and Increased Fibrinogen Secretion by Single Hepatocytes from Rats with Acute Inflammatory Reaction
Authors: Dominique Bernuau, Edith Rogier, Gérard Feldmann
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

During the acute inflammatory reaction (AIR), the plasma concentration of several plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, is increased as a result of enhanced production by the liver. Whether this increased production influences the production of the other plasma proteins at the single hepatocyte level is not known. Accordingly, we simultaneously measured albumin and fibrinogen secretion by single hepatocytes isolated from normal rats and from rats sacrificed 24 hr after a turpentine–induced AIR, using an hemolytic plaque test. In normal rats, 74, 82, and 98% of the hepatocytes were detected as secreting albumin, after 1, 2, and 4 hr of incubation, respectively. Simultaneously, 0, 32, and 62% of the hepatocytes were detected as secreting fibrinogen at the same incubation times. For secretion of both proteins, a significant correlation was established between the diameter of a plaque–forming hepatocyte and its hemolytic plaque. In rats with AIR, the formation of hemolytic plaques detecting albumin secretion was slowed down compared to normal rats, since only 0, 36, and 78% of the hepatocytes were forming hemolytic plaques after 1, 2, and 4 hr of incubation, respectively. Simultaneously, the formation of hemolytic plaques detecting fibrinogen secretion was increased compared to normal rats, since at the same incubation times, 52, 78, and 93% of the hepatocytes formed hemolytic plaques. A significant correlation between the diameter of a plaque–forming hepatocyte and its hemolytic plaque was still maintained for both protein secretion. These results demonstrate that during the AIR enhanced fibrinogen production is the result of an increased secretion rate per cell, and decreased albumin secretion is the result of a lowered secretion rate per cell, generalized for all hepatocytes. These data strongly suggest that there is a reciprocal modulation of fibrinogen and albumin secretion at the single hepatocyte level during the AIR.
Isolation of a human hepatic ferritin receptor
Authors: Paul C. Adams, Lawrie W. Powell, June W. Halliday
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

A human hepatic ferritin receptor has been isolated from human liver and has been purified using affinity chromatography. An affinity constant of 6.0 × 10 8 moles −1 liter was determined for the ferritin receptor. The molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 53,000 by gel electrophoresis. Binding of ferritin to the receptor coupled to a microparticulate support was specific for human liver ferritin with no binding of rat or porcine ferritin. Binding was unaffected by a 100-fold excess of human transferrin, human asialoo-rosomucoid and bovine albumin. After treatment of the receptor protein with trypsin, binding was not detected. The human hepatic ferritin receptor may play an important role in the uptake of iron into the hepatocyte in physiological and pathological conditions.
Ligand Kinetics in Hemoglobin Hiroshima
Authors: Ronald L. Nagel, Quentin H. Gibson, Howard B. Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Hemoglobin Hiroshima is an electrophoretically fast-moving variant with a fourfold increase in oxygen affinity and a decreased Bohr effect. Based on a decreased rate of dissociation of O2 in the presence of dithionite and an increased rate of binding of CO by the deoxy form, we have concluded that the kinetic basis of the high affinity exhibited by Hb Hiroshima is the concurrence of a faster combination rate and a slower dissociation rate for ligands.
Cigar smoke syncope
Authors: E. J. Reisdorff
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Although the prevalence of cigar smoking had been declining since 1970, recently it has increased with a US consumption of 4.5 billion cigars in 1996. 1 Cigar dinners are a fashionable forum in which cigar smoking is encouraged. In this report, we describe a patient who had a syncopal episode most likely attributable to the toxic effects of cigar smoke.  Report of a Case.  —A 61-year-old man was brought to the hospital by ambulance after a syncopal episode. He was at a crowded cigar dinner and had just finished smoking 2 cigars (Manifiesto Gran Reserva-Corona, 13.8 g; CAO-Robusto, 11.3 g). After beginning the third cigar (El Sublimato-Churchill), he developed light-headedness, diaphoresis, and nausea. He was in a confined space with a great deal of surrounding smoke and went outside the restaurant to get fresh air. He lost consciousness (for approximately 12 minutes), only to reawaken in the
Pragmatic Realities in Uremia Therapy
Authors: Eli A. Friedman, Barbara G. Delano, Khalid M. H. Butt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The present status and future prospects of uremia therapy in the United States are reviewed. Approximately 3500 renal transplants were done in 1976 as compared to 3700 in 1975. Functional two-year survival of grafts has not changed recently (40 to 45 per cent for cadaver donors; 70 to 75 per cent for siblings), but patient survival with cadaver grafts continues to improve (now 65 per cent at two years). Patients on hemodialysis in facilities are increasing rapidly. Only 13 per cent are on home dialysis, as compared with nearly 40 per cent five years ago. Home patients do at least as well as those in centers (80 per cent two-year survival) and cost 40 per cent less. Physician bias probably explains the trend to center dialysis, but pending legislation may provide new incentives for home treatment. Prospects for technical advances are good, but a greater federal investment in research and development is needed. Dollars saved on the center dialysis could be used for this purpose.
Accumulation of unesterified arachidonic acid in ischemic canine myocardium. Relationship to a phosphatidylcholine deacylation-reacylation cycle and the depletion of membrane phospholipids.
Authors: K R Chien, A Han, A Sen, L M Buja, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Studies in ischemic canine left ventricle have shown that the depletion of membrane phospholipids is a critical event in the development of a sarcolemmal calcium permeability defect and associated irreversible myocyte injury. The mechanism of phospholipid loss is unclear, but may be due to the activation of endogenous phospholipases. Since arachidonic acid is a fatty acid found almost entirely in phospholipid, increases in arachidonate provide evidence for increased phospholipase activity. The present study was designed to examine the temporal relationship of the accumulation of free arachidonate with the onset of phospholipid depletion during fixed ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in canine myocardium. The following results were demonstrated in ischemic canine myocardium: (1) the accumulation of unesterified arachidonate is minimal during 10-30 minutes of ischemia, but is significantly increased after prolonging the duration of ischemia to 1-3 hours; (2) significant increases in arachidonate precede the development of a significant decrease in total phospholipid content; (3) the decrease in the arachidonate content of phosphatidylcholine is accompanied by similar decreases in all of the fatty acyl moieties; (4) the arachidonate content of lysophosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol are unchanged during myocardial ischemia; (5) there is evidence of a deacylation-reacylation cycle in phosphatidylcholine prior to the accumulation of free arachidonate; (6) the fatty acyl specificity of the lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase corresponds to the pattern of fatty acyl remodeling of phosphatidylcholine during early myocardial ischemia. These data suggest that the accumulation of arachidonate may be a more sensitive measure of phospholipid degradation than the decrease in total phospholipid content in ischemic canine myocardium. It is postulated that the defective reacylation of arachidonate into phosphatidylcholine may contribute to the net loss of membrane phospholipid during myocardial ischemia.
Acute Cholecystitis in a Patient with Situs Inversus
Authors: ALBERT J. MORENO, MORAKINYO A. OYEWOLE TONEY, CYNTHIA D. HENRY, ANA A. RODRIGUEZ, GOTTLIEB L. TURNBULL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A 73-year-old woman with situs inversus presented with left upper quadrant abdominal pain. Nonvisualization of the gallbladder consistent with acute cholecystitis was noted throughout the study. Situs inversus of the liver and bowel was clearly demonstrated.
Radiographic evaluation of pancreatico-jejunal shunts.
Authors: E W Miller, H I Goldberg, S B Goldberg, H Shapiro
Journal: Gut (1976)

This paper describes opacification and identification of two surgically constructed pancreatico-jujunal shunts. A fibreoptic panendoscope was used with retrograde injection via the ampulla of Vater (ERCP). This procedure makes possible more accurate anatomical evaluation and so more precise clinical appraisal of both pre- and post-surgical states.
European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition – Executive summary
Authors: L. Karsa, J. Patnick, N. Segnan
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The full guideline document covers the entire process of population-based screening. It consists of 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. The 450-page guidelines and the extensive evidence base have been published by the European Commission. The content of the executive summary is presented here to promote international discussion and collaboration by making the principles and standards recommended in the new EU Guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community. Following these recommendations has the potential to enhance the control of colorectal cancer through improvement in the quality and effectiveness of screening programmes and services.
The association of increased plasma MB CPK activity and irreversible ischemic myocardial injury in the dog.
Authors: S A Ahmed, J R Williamson, R Roberts, R E Clark, B E Sobel
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To evaluate the concordance between elevated plasma MB CPK and irreversible myocardial ischemic injury, coronary occlusion was induced for 10 minutes to 48 hours in 21 open chest dogs and 13 conscious animals. Results of plasma CPK and MB CPK assayed in samples obtained serially ofr 24 hours were compared to microscopic changes in hearts from the same animals examined 48 hours after occlusion. Twelve of the 34 dogs died within two hours after coronary occlusion. Among the surviving 22 dogs, one failed to exhibit gross of electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia and was therefore excluded. Twelve had coronary occlusion maintained for 30 minutes or longer and in 11 of these peak plasma MB CPK activity exceeded thenormal range (mean +/- 2 SD) and baseline values by at least 100%. Necrosis was present in the hearts from each manifested by nuclear pyknosis, eosinophilia, shrinkage of cytoplasm, and leukocytic infiltration. In the remaining nine dogs with occlusion for less than 30 minutes, peak plasma MB CPK activity was not elevated and necrosis was not detected. The close concordance between plasma MB CPK elevations and myocardial necrosis was significant (chi2 = 14.5, P less than 0.001), and thus, increased plasma MB CPK activity reflected irreversible myocardial ischemic injury.
A sensitivity analysis of enzymatic estimation of infarct size.
Authors: C R Roe, C F Starmer
Journal: Circulation (1975)

AND COWORKERS present a compart- mental mathematical model representing a biological system (acute myocardial infarction) in which CPK appears in the blood and is eventually degraded.From this model they developed a method for estimation of the size of a volume of infarcted myocardium.'-3This method would seem ideally suited for estimating the acute effect of an interven- tion on infarct size, and several investigators have proposed doing so.4-8Up to this time, the literature on enzymatic estimation of infarct size has emphasized the situations in which it should be useful.However, there is little discussion of the potential limitation of this method.Therefore, we thought it would be useful to review the original work of Shell and to determine if any limitations existed, with particular emphasis on the sensitivity of infarct size estimation to the ob- served variations in model parameters. Mathematical ModelA mathematical model relating serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) to infarct size has been proposed by Shell and coworkers.1' 2 The model depicts serum enzyme activity as a function of myocardial release and first order decay.In addition, Shell and coworkers assumed that the releasing function was an unknown function of time.They considered as parameters the decay rate, the fraction of
Endoscopic Snare Ectomy of an Early Gastric Cancer — A Therapeutical Method?
Authors: P. Deyhle, H. Sulser, H. Säuberli
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

In a 24-years-old female patient with pernicious anemia gastroscopically a polypoid formation with a diameter of 6 mm was found. Forceps biopsy revealed suspicion of carcinoma. The formation was removed endoscopically by snare biopsy. Histology showed an early cancer which was ectomized totally. Therefore with endoscopic snare biopsy the histological diagnosis of early gastric cancer is possible. Furthermore – in considering the literature – snare ectomy of small, well differentiated adenocarcinomas, restricted on the mucosa is a therapy.
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Leukemia
Authors: Karl G. Blume
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue ofThe Journal, Bortin and Rimm (240:1245, 1978) presented data concerning the treatment of acute leukemia by bone marrow transplantation. They concluded that there was no notable difference in the survival of patients who were in good or fair condition compared with those in poor or extremely poor condition before transplantation. This is in contrast with the results reported by Thomas et al<sup>1</sup>and with our own observations. Between May 1976 and July 1978, twenty patients (17 adults and three children) with acute leukemia were entered into our transplantation program. Candidacy for transplantation was prospectively evaluated using previously published criteria.<sup>1</sup>Eleven patients were considered to be good-risk candidates (four of them in complete remission and seven in partial remission or early relapse), and nine were poor-risk candidates (ie, in advanced relapse and refractory to drug therapy); two children were among the
Doctors continue fight for David Kelly inquest despite release of autopsy report
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Several doctors pushing for a full inquest into the death of the government weapons inspector David Kelly have vowed to continue their campaign after the release of the postmortem report outlining the pathologist’s reasons for concluding that he died by his own hand.

The government published the report more than seven years after Dr Kelly was found dead in woods near his home in Oxfordshire. The report, published with results of toxicology tests on Dr Kelly’s body, backs up the conclusion by Lord Hutton, the former law lord who carried out a public inquiry into the death, that Dr Kelly committed suicide.

The inquiry concluded that the scientist had decided to kill himself in July 2003 …
A nitric oxide releasing, self assembled peptide amphiphile matrix that mimics native endothelium for coating implantable cardiovascular devices
Authors: Meenakshi Kushwaha, Joel M. Anderson, Charles A. Bosworth, Adinarayana Andukuri, William P. Minor, Jack R. Lancaster, Peter G. Anderson, Brigitta C. Brott, Ho-Wook Jun
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Probiotics and prebiotics to combat enteric infections and HIV in the developing world: a consensus report
Authors: Marc Monachese, Susanna Cunningham-Rundles, Maria Diaz, Richard Guerrant, Ruben Hummelen, Rober Kemperman, Marko Kerac, Remco Kort, Daniel J. Merenstein, Pinaki Panigrahi, Balakrishnan Ramakrishna, Nasia Safdar, Andi L. Shane, Livia Trois, Gregor Reid
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Infectious disease in the developing world continues to represent one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Every year over a million children suffer and die from the sequela of enteric infections, while in 2008 it is estimated almost 2.7 million (UNAIDS 2009 update) adults and children became infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea, and antiretrovirals (ARV) for HIV are critical, there is a place for adjunctive therapies to improve quality of life. The importance of the human microbiota in retaining health is now recognized, as is the concept of replenishing beneficial microbes through probiotic treatments. Studies have shown that probiotics can reduce the duration of diarrhea, improve gut barrier function, help prevent bacterial vaginosis (BV), and enhance immunity even in HIV-infected subjects. However, many issues remain before the extent of probiotic benefits can be verified, and their application to the developing world realised. This consensus report outlines the potential probiotic, and to a lesser extent prebiotic, applications in resource disadvantages settings, and recommends steps that could bring tangible relief to millions of people. The challenges to both efficacy and effectiveness studies in these settings include a lack of infrastructure and funding for scientists, students and research projects in developing countries; making available clinically proven probiotic and prebiotic products at affordable prices; and undertaking appropriately designed clinical trials. We present a roadmap on how efficacy studies may be conducted in a resource disadvantages setting among persons with chronic diarrhea and HIV. These examples and the translation of efficacy into effectiveness are described.
Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cynthia A. Heinlein, Chawnshang Chang
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2004)

The normal development and maintenance of the prostate is dependent on androgen acting through the androgen receptor (AR). AR remains important in the development and progression of prostate cancer. AR expression is maintained throughout prostate cancer progression, and the majority of androgen-independent or hormone refractory prostate cancers express AR. Mutation of AR, especially mutations that result in a relaxation of AR ligand specificity, may contribute to the progression of prostate cancer and the failure of endocrine therapy by allowing AR transcriptional activation in response to antiandrogens or other endogenous hormones. Similarly, alterations in the relative expression of AR coregulators have been found to occur with prostate cancer progression and may contribute to differences in AR ligand specificity or transcriptional activity. Prostate cancer progression is also associated with increased growth factor production and an altered response to growth factors by prostate cancer cells. The kinase signal transduction cascades initiated by mitogenic growth factors modulate the transcriptional activity of AR and the interaction between AR and AR coactivators. The inhibition of AR activity through mechanisms in addition to androgen ablation, such as modulation of signal transduction pathways, may delay prostate cancer progression.
Flexible training? What are the opportunities?
Authors: B. Clay
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Know your administrator. Associate postgraduate dean Barbara Clay is your guide through the regulations that govern flexible training

In 1995 the Junior Doctors Committee of the BMA ((1)) called for renegotiation of the framework for flexible training in the wake of the proposals for a unified training grade. While there was a target for 5% of doctors to undertake flexible training, there was an indication that 40% would like it. So what is the reality in 1998?

Since 1995 flexible training has achieved a much wider recognition, with more uniform opportunities throughout England and Wales. The Committee of Postgraduate Medical Deans (COPMED) has established a Flexible Training Working Group to advise it specifically about the issues. Opportunities are also available in both Northern Ireland and Scotland. With the Scottish deaneries now being represented as full members of COPMED, it is expected that there will be even greater uniformity of the administration of the scheme nationwide.

Provision for flexible training was started in 1969 with the HM(69)6 notice providing for part time training. This was specifically for women with domestic commitments, and, although some posts were established in Oxford through the hard work of Rosemary Rue, the scheme was little used in other regions. The PM(79)3 scheme was specifically directed at senior registrars, and regions remained able to set up flexible posts at other grades at their own discretion. Candidates had to show ‘well-founded personal reasons' for requesting a flexible training opportunity, and senior registrars had to enter a national competition to get manpower approval.

View this table:

Numbers of occupied flexible training posts at 30 June each year 1994-7 in England and Wales



Funding was not always quickly available, and there was an average delay of 18 months between application and taking up a post.((2)) For other grades, implementation was patchy until …
Combination of methylprednisolone pulse therapy and remission inducing drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: T M Hansen, E Dickmeiss, H Jans, T Ingemann Hansen, M Ingeman-Nielsen, I Lorenzen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Thirty patients with rheumatoid arthritis were allocated to either methylprednisolone pulse therapy or placebo at the beginning of treatment with either gold salts, penicillamine, or azathioprine. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy produced an immediate but temporary anti-inflammatory effect lasting for a maximum of four to eight weeks. It also caused a lasting depression of serum IgG, but no effect was observed on the proportion of T and B lymphocytes, proliferative responses, or on concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity, and there was no effect on the amount of circulating immune complexes. The bone mineral content decreased similarly in the two groups, and methylprednisolone pulses had no effect on the progression of erosions on x rays during an observation period of eight months. A single pulse of methylprednisolone can give a short lasting anti-inflammatory effect but is of little or no value in the long term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.