tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age, Neuropathology, and Dementia
Authors: Liang-Wei Chen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Savva et al. (May 28 issue)1 reported on the assessment of the pathologic features of 456 brains donated from older old persons with or without dementia. Although their results challenge the current idea that neuritic plaques and tangles are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease in a younger old cohort, the results should still merit reexamining the detailed mechanisms of how these pathologic factors induce neuronal loss or dementia. Furthermore, it is essential to incorporate neuronal and synaptic loss into a quantitative evaluation of pathologic changes in both younger and older cohorts of persons with dementia; pathologic changes . . .
Treatment of nodular hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 3 cm with ultrasound-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection
Authors: K Ohnishi, H Yoshioka, S Ito, K Fujiwara
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To assess the efficacy of ultrasound–guided percutaneous acetic acid (15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% in concentration) injection for a large nodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), percutaneous acetic acid injection was performed using 15% to 50% acetic acid in 28 patients who had one single nodular HCC larger than 3 cm or one main tumor with fewer than two HCCs smaller than 3 cm during the past 7.5 years; the main tumor was slightly hypervascular in nine patients and was highly hypervascular, showing viable cancer cells despite transcatheter arterial embolization in 19 patients. During the series of treatment sessions for each patient, the same concentration of acetic acid was used. Eight (89%) of nine slightly hypervascular main tumors, 18 (95%) of 19 highly hypervascular main tumors, and all 14 small tumors were treated successfully. No serious complications occurred as a direct sequela to acetic acid injection. The 1–, 2– and 3–year recurrence rate from the original main tumor was 0%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, in patients treated with percutaneous acetic acid injection alone and 12%, 24%, and 24% in patients treated with percutaneous acetic acid injection after transcatheter arterial embolization ( P = NS). The 1–, 2–, 3–, 4–, and 5–year survival rates were 100%, 80%, 80%, 80%, and 0%, respectively, in the former and 90%, 81%, 81%, 61%, and 61% in the latter ( P = NS). Percutaneous acetic acid injection (15% to 50%) may be an effective therapy for slightly hypervascular nodular HCCs larger than 3 cm and highly hypervascular nodular HCCs larger than 3 cm that remain partly viable after transcatheter arterial embolization.
Pathogenesis and Early Diagnosis of Alcoholic Liver Injury
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

ALCOHOLISM is a medical problem with an increasingly detrimental impact on society. In the United States, the number of patients with alcoholism is now estimated to exceed 10 million, and in large urban areas, cirrhosis of the liver is the third major cause of death in persons between the ages of 25 and 65 years. This seminar discusses the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury, especially the development of cirrhosis, and a means to identify patients who are particularly susceptible to it. A test for early detection of high alcohol intake is also described.Role of Malnutrition in Alcoholic Liver Injury . . .
Billions Recovered by Anti–Health Care Fraud Effort
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epinephrine-induced Insulin Resistance in Man
Authors: David C. Deibert, Ralph A. Defronzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Endogenous release of epinephrine after stress as well as exogenous epinephrine infusion are known to result in impaired glucose tolerance. Previous studies of man and animals have demonstrated that this effect of epinephrine results from inhibition of insulin secretion and augmentation of hepatic glucose production. However, the effect of epinephrine on tissue sensitivity to insulin, and the relative contributions of peripheral vs. hepatic resistance to impaired insulin action, have not been defined. Nine young normal-weight subjects were studied with the insulin clamp technique. Plasma insulin was raised by ∼100 μU/ml while plasma glucose concentration was maintained at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion. Under these conditions of euglycemia, the amount of glucose metabolized equals the glucose infusion rate and is a measure of tissue sensitivity to insulin. Subjects received four studies: (a) insulin (42.6 mU/m2·min), (b) insulin plus epinephrine (0.05 μg/kg·min), (c) insulin plus epinephrine plus propranolol (1.43 μg/kg·min), and (d) insulin plus propranolol. During insulin administration alone, glucose metabolism averaged 5.49±0.58 mg/kg·min. When epinephrine was infused with insulin, glucose metabolism fell by 41% to 3.26 mg/kg·min (P < 0.001). After insulin alone, hepatic glucose production declined by 92% to 0.16±0.08 mg/kg·min. Addition of epinephrine was associated with a delayed and incomplete suppression of glucose production (P < 0.01) despite plasma insulin levels >100 μU/ml. When propranolol was administered with epinephrine, total glucose metabolism was restored to control values and hepatic glucose production suppressed normally. Propranolol alone had no effect on insulin-mediated glucose metabolism. These results indicate that epinephrine, acting primarily through a β-adrenergic receptor, markedly impairs tissue sensitivity to an increase in plasma insulin levels, and that this effect results from both peripheral and hepatic resistance to the action of insulin.
Lactate promotes glioma migration by TGF-β2–dependent regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2
Authors: Fusun Baumann, Petra Leukel, Anett Doerfelt, Christoph P. Beier, Katja Dettmer, Peter J. Oefner, Michael Kastenberger, Marina Kreutz, Thomas Nickl-Jockschat, Ulrich Bogdahn, Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff, Peter Hau
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

Lactate dehydrogenase type A (LDH-A) is a key metabolic enzyme catalyzing pyruvate into lactate and is excessively expressed by tumor cells. Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) is a key regulator of invasion in high-grade gliomas, partially by inducing a mesenchymal phenotype and by remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lactate metabolism regulates TGF-β2–mediated migration of glioma cells. Small interfering RNA directed against LDH-A (siLDH-A) suppresses, and lactate induces, TGF-β2 expression, suggesting that lactate metabolism is strongly associated with TGF-β2 in glioma cells. Here we demonstrate that TGF-β2 enhances expression, secretion, and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and induces the cell surface expression of integrin αvβ3 receptors. In spheroid and Boyden chamber migration assays, inhibition of MMP-2 activity using a specific MMP-2 inhibitor and blocking of integrin αvβ3 abrogated glioma cell migration stimulated by TGF-β2. Furthermore, siLDH-A inhibited MMP2 activity, leading to inhibition of glioma migration. Taken together, we define an LDH-A–induced and TGF-β2–coordinated regulatory cascade of transcriptional regulation of MMP-2 and integrin αvβ3. This novel interaction between lactate metabolism and TGF-β2 might constitute a crucial mechanism for glioma migration.
Maintenance of chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii despite combination antiretroviral treatment associated CD4+ T-lymphocytosis.
Authors: A M Macher, E P Goosby
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

"Maintenance of chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii despite combination antiretroviral treatment associated CD4+ T-lymphocytosis.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 155(4), p. 1491
Holdup of toxic shock data ends during trial in Texas
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Amid circumstances that smack of suppression of scientific data, a courtroom, rather than a scientific journal, last month became the vehicle for release of evidence linking more strongly than ever menstrually associated toxic shock syndrome (TSS) to Procter &amp; Gamble's Rely Super brand of tampons. The company took the tampons off the market in 1980. The courtroom was in Fort Worth, Tex. The case: a lawsuit brought against Procter &amp; Gamble by Tammy Lynn Wallace, a 26-year-old woman who alleges that in 1979 she became "gravely ill" and was hospitalized for 27 days for what was later diagnosed as TSS. The data: from studies by Merlin Bergdoll, PhD, a professor at the Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison. The investigations, funded by Procter &amp; Gamble, were completed two years ago, and a report has not yet been submitted for publication. Moreover, according to a deposition taken from Procter &amp;
Study of a (trimethylenecarbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) polymer—Part 2: in vitro cytocompatibility analysis and in vivo ED1 cell response of a new nerve guide
Authors: T Fabre, M Schappacher, R Bareille, B Dupuy, A Soum, J Bertrand-Barat, C Baquey
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)
The Effectiveness of Continuing Medical Education in Changing the Behavior of Physicians Caring for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: CARL W. WHITE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

A randomized controlled trial was done to assess the ability of continuing medical education to change physicians' knowledge and behavior in the care of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patient care practices on eight objectives were audited 6 months before and after physicians completed a 2-hour educational program. Sixty-three physicians from eight randomly selected communities constituted the experimental group and 40 physicians from four similar communities served as controls. The average score for desired care practices over all objectives increased from 48.5% to 60% (p less than 0.001). Three objectives showed significantly greater gains for physicians in the experimental group. The generalizability of these effects was also studied in two additional educational contexts: a multitopic and a unitopic university-based continuing medical education program. Similar significant changes in behavior resulted in both contexts. Significant overall increases in knowledge occurred and persisted for all groups. Continuing medical education can effect changes in physicians' knowledge and care practices that can persist for at least 6 months.
The Intimidation of American Physicians — Banning Partial-Birth Abortion
Authors: Michael F. Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A Dutch oncologist was describing to an audience of American physicians in Amsterdam the circumstances under which euthanasia was performed in the Netherlands at a time when the practice was illegal yet widely used. Each act of euthanasia was reported, after the fact, to the local prosecutor, who investigated the case and routinely declined to prosecute any treating physician who had acted transparently and in the best interest of the terminally ill patient. The American physicians were incredulous that their Dutch colleagues were willing to place themselves at risk for criminal prosecution by providing care that might, on later review, . . .
Rupture of the Bladder and Enteritis
Authors: H. C. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1868)

Background: The role of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor angiogenesis and inflammation and the interactions between TAMs and tumor cells as well as lymphocytes appear to be critical factors in the development and progression of cancer. Patients and Methods: Carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract have been analysed by tissue microarrays. TAMs and vessels were characterized by immunohistochemistry using the antibodies PG-M1, KP1, MRP8, MRP14, MRP8/14 and CD31, CD34, respectively. Results: The number of all macrophages was significantly higher and lymphocyte densities were lower in tumor tissues than in tumor-free tissues. The MRP-antibodies identified a minority population of macrophages and a low numbers of these macrophages tended to occur in more advanced cancers. There was a positive correlation between the number of macrophages and the number of microvessels in all tumors, but no correlation between macrophages and vessel counts in tumor-free tissues. Conclusion: The results indicated a suppressed immune response towards the tumors. The observed common characteristics regarding macrophage attraction, lymphocyte suppression and microvessel density suggested that these mechanisms are regulated similarly in all carcinomas of the GI-tract.
On the Operative Treatment of Zonular Cataract
Authors: D. Little
Journal: BMJ (1888)

applicability is one great feature.The gentle, moderate, and diffased power of a fluid is substituted for leverage instruments and pressure outside the eye It rejuvenates old methods discarded, unsettles old notions about ripeness of cataracts, and brings us nearer the goal of the surgeon-to give speedy and effectual relief to sufferers hitherto doomed by imperfect muethods to long years of delay and misfortune.I do not wish to say that any one ot all the instruments devised for intra-ocular injection is perfect.I wish to emphasise the method as that of the removal of cortex by the force of a fluid.The operation for cataract is a purely mechanical procedure, and I hope that year by year we shall more and more perfect our appliances, and that all the instruments we have hitherto devised may be replaced by others more effectual, and that by our labours we shall increase the sum of human happiness.
Achlorhydria
Authors: Emanuel M. Rappaport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

CLINICAL entities that are at times associated with achlorhydria command the attention not only of the gastroenterologist but also of the internist, the hematologist and the dermatologist. Invariably present in pernicious anemia, gastric anacidity is encountered in gastritis of all types, as well as in gastric carcinoma and sprue. It has been reported a frequent finding in microcytic anemia,1 , 2 hyperthyroidism3 and chronic arthritis.4 For many years dilute hydrochloric acid has been employed in various dermatologic disorders, particularly acne rosacea, and more recently it has been recommended for urticaria.5 The gastroenterologist occasionally encounters patients who have been taking dilute hydrochloric acid . . .
Modification of an exposed loop in the C1 domain reduces immune responses to factor VIII in hemophilia A mice
Authors: Aleksandra Wroblewska, Simon D. van Haren, Eszter Herczenik, Paul Kaijen, Aleksandra Ruminska, Sheng-Yu Jin, X. Long Zheng, Maartje van den Biggelaar, Anja ten Brinke, Alexander B. Meijer, Jan Voorberg
Journal: Blood (2012)
Standardized Analysis of Frequency and Severity of Complications After Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Bertram E. Yuh, Michael Nazmy, Nora H. Ruel, Jason T. Jankowski, Anita R. Menchaca, Robert R. Torrey, Jennifer A. Linehan, Clayton S. Lau, Kevin G. Chan, Timothy G. Wilson
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Serologic Response to Treatment of Infectious Syphilis
Authors: Barbara Romanowski, Ruth Sutherland, Gordon H. Fick, Debbie Mooney, Edgar J. Love
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To evaluate the serologic response to treatment of patients with infectious syphilis. Design: Historical cohort study of all cases of infectious syphilis in Alberta from 1981 to 1987. Patients: A total of 1090 patients were entered; 857 with primary syphilis, 183 with secondary syphilis, and 50 with early latent disease. Two hundred and eight patients were excluded who either were pregnant, had negative serologic results before treatment, had clinical relapse, were treatment failures, or were lost to follow-up. Interventions: All 882 evaluable patients were treated with a recommended antibiotic regimen for infectious syphilis and returned for re-assessment including repeat serologic testing. Measurements and Main Results: Seventy-two percent (95% CI, 66% to 77%) and 56% (CI, 43% to 70%) of patients with initial episodes of primary or secondary syphilis had seroreverted according to rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test results by 36 months. A 2and 3-tube decline was seen by 6 and 12 months in primary and secondary syphilis. Early latent syphilis resulted in only a 2-tube decrease at 12 months. Serologic response was not affected by sex, age, race, or sexual orientation. Patients with their first infection were more likely to experience RPR seroreversal than those with repeat infections. The RPR reversal rates also depended on the pretreatment titer and stage of disease. At 36 months, 24% (CI, 20% to 28%) of patients had nonreactive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests (FTA-Abs), and 13% (CI, 11% to 15%) had nonreactive microhemoglutination tests for Treponema pallidum(MHA-TP). Conclusions: Adequate therapeutic response for syphilis must be based on illness episode and the pretreatment RPR titer. Treponemal tests can demonstrate seroreversion after 36 months, and a negative treponemal test does not rule out a past history of syphilis.
Orthopaedic Decision Making
Authors: M. Mark Hoffer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is one of four recently published surgical decision-making texts. Eight more are planned in the medical field. The four authors of this text have special interests in orthopedic trauma, adult reconstructive surgery, pediatric orthopedics, and hand surgery; thus, these areas are emphasized. Each problem is reviewed on two facing pages. On the right side there is a decision-making tree with circled letter references at key branch junctions. On the left side there is a decision text organized in paragraphs labeled with the circled letters. If these topics are new ones to the reader, he will probably want to read the text and refer to the tree. However, the more experienced person will find it easier to follow the tree and refer to the text when he or she feels more information is necessary. In addition, there are references at the end of each decision couplet. This all makes an
Temporal Differences in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Survival
Authors: Akshay Bagai, Bryan F. McNally, Sana M. Al-Khatib, J. Brent Myers, Sunghee Kim, Lena Karlsson, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Mads Wissenberg, Sean van Diepen, Emil L. Fosbol, Lisa Monk, Benjamin S. Abella, Christopher B. Granger, James G. Jollis
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Understanding temporal differences in the incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has important implications for developing preventative strategies and optimizing systems for OHCA care.We studied 18 588 OHCAs of presumed cardiac origin in patients aged ≥18 years who received resuscitative efforts by emergency medical services (EMS) and were enrolled in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) from October 1, 2005, to December 31, 2010. We evaluated temporal variability in OHCA incidence and survival to hospital discharge. There was significant variability in the frequency of OHCA by hour of the day (P<0.001), day of the week (P<0.001), and month of the year (P<0.001), with the highest incidence occurring during the daytime, from Friday to Monday, in December. Survival to hospital discharge was lowest for OHCA that occurred overnight (from 11:01 pm to 7 am; 7.1%) versus daytime (7:01 am to 3 pm; 10.8%) or evening (3:01 pm to 11 pm; 11.3%; P<0.001) and during the winter (8.8%) versus spring (11.1%), summer (11.0%), or fall (10.0%; P<0.001). There was no difference in survival to hospital discharge between OHCAs that occurred on weekends and weekdays (9.5% versus 10.4%, P=0.06). After multivariable adjustment for age, sex, race, witness status, layperson resuscitation, first monitored cardiac rhythm, and emergency medical services response time, compared with daytime and spring, survival to hospital discharge remained lowest for OHCA that occurred overnight (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.95; P=0.008) and during the winter (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.94; P=0.006), respectively.There is significant temporal variability in the incidence of and survival after OHCA. The relative contribution of patient pathophysiology, likelihood of the OHCA being observed, and prehospital and hospital-based resuscitative factors deserves further exploration.
Low-Intensity Laser Irradiation Improves Skin Circulation in Patients With Diabetic Microangiopathy
Authors: Andreas Schindl, Martin Schindl, Heidemarie Schön, Robert Knobler, Liselotte Havelec, Liesbeth Schindl
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE Diabetic foot problems due to angiopathy and neuropathy account for 50% of all nontraumatic amputations and constitute a significant economic burden to society. Low-intensity laser irradiation has been shown to induce wound healing in conditions of reduced microcirculation. We investigated the influence of low-intensity laser irradiation by means of infrared thermography on skin blood circulation in diabetic patients with diabetic microangiopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty consecutive patients with diabetic ulcers or gangrenes and elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were randomized by blocks of two to receive either a single low-intensity laser irradiation with an energy density of 30 J/cm2 or a sham irradiation over both forefoot regions in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Skin blood circulation as indicated by temperature recordings over the forefoot region was detected by infrared thermography. RESULTS After a single transcutaneous low-intensity laser irradiation, a statistically significant rise in skin temperature was noted (P &amp;lt; 0.001 by ANOVA for repeated measurements), whereas in the sham-irradiated control group, a slight but significant drop in temperature (P &amp;lt; 0.001) was found. Subsequently performed contrasts for comparison of measurements before and after irradiation revealed significant temperature increases at 20 min of irradiation time (P &amp;lt; 0.001), at the end of the irradiation (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and 15 min after stopping the irradiation (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In the sham-irradiated feet, the drop in local skin temperature was not significant at 20 min (P = 0.1), but reached significance at the end of the sham-irradiation procedure (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and 15 min after the end of sham irradiation (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The data from this first randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrate an increase in skin microcirculation due to athermic laser irradiation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy.