tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
We Met at Bart's: The Autobiography of a Physician
Authors: Alan J. Lippman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<i>We Met at Bart's</i>chronicles Geoffrey Bourne's 47 years of experience as student, house physician, and finally consultant at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Although autobiographical, it is also an incisive characterization of Bart's—the institution and its physicians, its patients, nurses, and attendants. Through well-told anecdotes the author brings out that Bart's is more than a center for medical treatment; it has a personality of its own, shaped by the personalities of its house staff. Much space is devoted to Dr. John H. Drysdale, whose teachings, clear and concise and reflecting intelligence and wit, stressed the practical aspects and permanently impressed the medical principles he advocated. "The proper dose of any drug is enough," Drysdale taught. Others, too, stressed the practical aspects of medicine. To Lord Morder is ascribed the following axiom: "It is the doctor's business to make up his mind as to what is probably wrong with the patient.
Interferin' with shock
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Tumors flip out from TNF injections. Unfortunately, bodies do too. [Huys et al.][1] discover that blocking type 1 interferons (IFNs) prevents TNF-induced shock but leaves its tumor-fighting activities intact.

![Figure][2] 

Absence of type 1 interferons protected mice from TNF-induced tissue
Alterations in Janus Kinase (JAK)-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) Signaling in Patients With End-Stage Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Edith K. Podewski, Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner, Andres Hilfiker, Henning Morawietz, Artur Lichtenberg, Kai C. Wollert, Helmut Drexler
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Experimental studies indicate that interleukin-6 (IL-6)–related cytokines, signaling via the shared receptor gp130, Janus kinases (JAKs), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), provide a critical cardiomyocyte survival pathway in vivo. Little is known about the activation of this signaling pathway in the myocardia of patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods and Results— We performed a comprehensive expression and activation analysis of IL-6–related cytokines, receptors, signal transducers, and signal transduction inhibitors in left ventricular (LV) myocardia from patients with DCM (n=10) and non-failing (NF) donor hearts (n=5). Differential expression (DCM versus NF) was observed by immunoblotting at each level of the signaling cascade, including receptor ligands (IL-6: −59%, P &lt;0.01; leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF]: +54%, P &lt;0.05), receptor subunits (LIF receptor: −16%, P &lt;0.05), signaling molecules (the Janus kinase TYK2: −48%, P &lt;0.01; STAT3: −47%, P &lt;0.01), and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS1: +97%, P &lt;0.05; SOCS3: −49%, P &lt;0.01). Tyrosine-phosphorylation status of gp130 was increased (+60%, P &lt;0.05), whereas tyrosine-phosphorylation status of JAK2 was reduced in DCM (−72%, P &lt;0.01). Moreover, as shown by immunohistochemistry, the number of STAT3-positive cardiomyocytes was reduced in DCM (−42%, P &lt;0.01). Conclusion— Signaling via gp130 and JAK-STAT is profoundly altered in DCM. Importantly, tyrosine-phosphorylation of JAK2 is reduced in the face of increased gp130 phosphorylation, indicating impaired downstream activation of this critical pathway in DCM.
Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blockers Induce Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Activity
Authors: Michael Schupp, Jürgen Janke, Ronald Clasen, Thomas Unger, Ulrich Kintscher
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) blockers (ARB) have been shown to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus by an unknown molecular mechanism. The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is the central regulator of insulin and glucose metabolism improving insulin sensitivity. We investigated the regulation of PPARγ function by ARBs. Methods and Results— The ARBs irbesartan and telmisartan (10 μmol/L) potently enhanced PPARγ-dependent 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation associated with a significant increase in mRNA expression of the adipogenic marker gene adipose protein 2 (aP2), as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (irbesartan: 3.3±0.1-fold induction; telmisartan: 3.1±0.3-fold induction; both P &lt;0.01). Telmisartan showed a more pronounced induction of aP2 expression in lower, pharmacologically relevant concentrations compared with the other ARBs. The ARB losartan enhanced aP2 expression only at high concentrations (losartan 100 μmol/L: 3.6±0.3-fold induction; P &lt;0.01), whereas eprosartan up to 100 μmol/L had no significant effects. In transcription reporter assays, irbesartan and telmisartan (10 μmol/L) markedly induced transcriptional activity of PPARγ by 3.4±0.9-fold and 2.6±0.6-fold ( P &lt;0.05), respectively, compared with 5.2±1.1-fold stimulation by the PPARγ ligand pioglitazone (10 μmol/L). Irbesartan and telmisartan also induced PPARγ activity in an AT 1 R-deficient cell model (PC12W), demonstrating that these ARBs stimulate PPARγ activity independent of their AT 1 R blocking actions. Conclusions— The present study demonstrates that a specific subset of ARBs induces PPARγ activity, thereby promoting PPARγ-dependent differentiation in adipocytes. The activation of PPARγ demonstrates new pleiotropic actions of certain ARBs, providing a potential mechanism for their insulin-sensitizing/antidiabetic effects.
Localization of fluorescein-labeled antinucleoside antibodies in glomeruli of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis
Authors: G. A. Andres, L. Accinni, S. M. Beiser, C. L. Christian, G. A. Cinotti, B. F. Erlanger, K. C. Hsu, B. C. Seegal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Renal tissues from two groups of patients were studied with fluorescein-labeled (Fl-) antibodies (Abs) to immunoglobulins, complement, and antibodies prepared in rabbits against BSA conjugate of 5-methyluridine (T) and cytidine (C), the latter two of which react specifically with denatured DNA. The first group consisted of 13 SLE patients, and the second consisted of 53 patients with non-SLE nephropathies. The data obtained from the two groups of patients were used for comparison, and they showed the following:(a) Fl-Abs to immunoglobulins and complement were bound in the glomeruli of tissues from all patients with active SLE glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of foreign material in glomerular capillary walls (GCW). The fluorescent pattern was granular, corresponding to the distribution of the glomerular deposits, as seen by electron microscopy. Fl-Abs reactive with thymine and cytosine were bound in the GCW of eight of the nine patients with active SLE glomerulonephritis and showed the same granular distribution. The capacity of these latter Fl-Abs to stain the GCW was removed by absorption with the homologous antigen or denatured DNA.(b) Fl-Abs to immunoglobulins, complement, and pyrimidine bases of DNA did not react with the GCW of two SLE patients without clinical and histologic evidence of glomerulonephritis or with the sclerotic glomeruli of two uremic patients with chronic "burned out" lupus nephritis.(c) The glomeruli of 47 of the 53 patients with other nephropathies bound Fl-Abs to immunoglobulins and complement to some extent, and in 26, the localization appeared as marked as in the patients with active SLE glomerulonephritis. Fl-Abs reactive with thymine and cytosine were bound in the GCW of only one of the renal tissues from the 53 non-SLE patients. In the remaining 52, no binding was seen.(d) The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that antigen-antibody complexes, formed by denatured DNA, specific antibody, and complement, are present in the deposits of foreign material accumulated in the GCW of patients with active SLE glomerulonephritis, and that they may contribute to the pathogenesis of this renal disease.
Methotrexate and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: R. ELAINE LAMBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1987Methotrexate and the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeR. ELAINE LAMBERT, M.D., BRIAN R. KAYE, M.D.R. ELAINE LAMBERT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BRIAN R. KAYE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-5-773_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Winchester and colleagues (1) reported the cases of 13 patients who had the co-occurrence of severe Reiter's syndrome and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or its related syndromes, and 1 patient with psoriatic arthritis and AIDS. Two of the patients with Reiter's syndrome developed AIDS while receiving methotrexate therapy for their arthritis. We report the case of a patient with psoriatic arthritis who developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while receiving methotrexate.A 30-year-old homosexual man presented with psoriasis, distal interphalangeal joint arthritis, and nail dystrophy in January 1986. Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs were ineffective and he was begun on...References1. WINCHESTER R, BERNSTEIN D, FISCHER H, ENLOW R, and SOLOMON G. The co-occurrence of Reiter's syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:19-26. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GILMAN A, GOODMAN L, RALL T, and MURAD F eds. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 7th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company; 1985:1263-7. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. ELAINE LAMBERT, M.D.; BRIAN R. KAYE, M.D.Affiliations: Santa Clara Valley Medical Center San Jose, CA 95128 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRheumatologic manifestations of HIV infectionsEtretinate and AIDS-related Reiter's diseaseRheumatologic Manifestations of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Brian R. Kaye, MDRole of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs versus cytotoxic agents in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritisMethotrexate in psoriasis: Revised guidelines 1 May 1987Volume 106, Issue 5Page: 773-773KeywordsAIDSArthritisDrugsHomosexualsMethotrexatePneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPsoriasisPsoriatic arthritisReactive arthritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Biological monitoring of iodine, a water disinfectant for long-term space missions.
Authors: G Zareba, E Cernichiari, L A Goldsmith, T W Clarkson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

In order to establish guidelines for exposure of astronauts to iodine, used as a water disinfectant in space, we studied the usefulness of hair, saliva, and urine for biological monitoring in humans and in the human hair/nude mouse model. The monitoring of iodine in patients that received 150 mCi of Na131I (carrier-free) showed similar patterns of elimination for blood, saliva, and urine. The mean correlation coefficient (r) between iodine elimination for blood/saliva was 0.99, for blood/urine, 0.95, and for saliva/urine, 0.97. The absolute value of iodine concentrations in urine revealed marked variability, which was corrected by adjusting for creatinine levels. The autoradiographic studies of human hair demonstrated that iodine is rapidly incorporated into external layers of the hair root and can be removed easily during washing. These data were confirmed after iodine exposure using the human hair/nude mouse model. Hair does not provide satisfactory information about exposure due to unstable incorporation of iodine. The most useful medium for biological monitoring of astronauts exposed to high doses of iodine in drinking water is urine, when adjusted for creatinine, and saliva, if quantitative evaluation of flow rate is provided.
GW25-e4577 An exploratory study: Clinical application of the index of microcirculatory resistance measured by pressure/temperature wire in coronary heart disease
Authors: Guo Lijun, Guo Yulong, Han Jiangli, Zhang Yongzhen, Cui Ming, Wang Guisong, Niu Jie, Zhang Fuchun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Relevance of unjustified strong assumptions when utilizing signal detection theory
Authors: Thomas O. Nelson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Several conclusions depend on a version of signal detection theory that assumes performance is based on underlying equal-variance normal distributions of trace strength. Such conclusions are questionable without empirical justification for that assumption. A thought experiment is presented to show how the assumption is probably invalid, and empirical evidence is cited for the assumption's invalidity in research on human memory.
Idiotypic analysis of lymphocytes in vitro. II. Genetic control of T-helper cell responsiveness to anti-idiotypic antibody.
Authors: G J Hämmerling, S J Black, C Berek, K Eichmann, K Rajewsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

When the IgG1 fraction of anti-idiotypic antibodies raised in guinea pigs is injected into mice, sensitization of idiotypic T and B lymphocytes occurs (1-3). In the present study we analyze the genetic requirements for T-helper cell sensitization by anti-idiotypic antibody. This was done by measuring, in a suitable panel of mouse strains, helper cell responsiveness to two anti-idiotypic reagents which recognize distinct, strain-specific idiotypes, namely the A5A and the S117 marker. Whenever helper cell sensitization by anti-idiotypic antibody was successful, helper function could be specifically inhibited by the same and only the same anti-idiotype. This indicates that helper cells induced by anti-idiotypic antibody express idiotypic determinants on their receptors for antigen. Helper cell sensitization by anti-idiotypic antibody was found in all strains expressing the corresponding or a cross-reactive idiotype at the immunoglobulin level. Idiotype-negative strains were always unresponsive to anti-idiotypic stimulation. In addition, responsiveness did not depend on the H-2 haplotype. Since the A5A and the S117 idiotype are markers for V genes in the heavy-chain linkage group, the present results support the view that the same genes in the Ig-1 complex code for variable portions of immunoglobulins and T-helper cell receptors.
Excitation-contraction coupling in normal and myopathic hamster hearts III: functional deficiencies in interstitial glycoproteins
Authors: T. S. MA, J. C. BAKER, L. E. BAILEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Extracellular and surface bound Ca is essential to excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in mammalian cardiac muscle. In intact hearts from cardiomyopathic hamster with congestive heart failure, a concomitant decrease in the Ca content of a superficial pool was associated with the reduced contractility. Ca binding to cardiac sarcolemmal ghosts prepared from these hearts revealed two binding sites by Scatchard plot. In normal hamsters, the low affinity site had a capacity of 114 nmol Ca.mg-1 protein, a KD of 1.5 mmol . litre-1 and was sensitive to neuraminidase treatment but not to 100 mmol . litre-1 Na, K, or Li, Ca binding in vitro approached a 1:1 relationship with the sialic acid content of the ghosts, 159 nmol . mg-1 protein. The activity of the enzyme responsible for glycosidically linking sialic acid to interstitial and sarcolemmal glycoproteins, sialyltransferase, was reduced from 1.80 to 0.41 pmol . mg-1 protein in the myopathic hearts. We suggest the functional defect in the hamster cardiomyopathy is a reduction in sialyltransferase activity leading to the deficiency in surface sialic acid residues. As a consequence, contractility is reduced, but Ca influx is increased. Reflex sympathetic activity increases Ca influx resulting in "Ca overload" and eventual cellular necrosis.
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMEDIATE REACTION OF ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE GUINEA-PIG
Authors: John Auer, Paul A. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

1. By an immediate anaphylactic reaction we mean the chain of symptoms which occur in highly sensitized guinea-pigs shortly after an intravenous or intracardiac injection of the toxic dose and usually end in death. 2. Immediate anaphylactic death occurs three to five minutes after the toxic injection in highly sensitized guinea-pigs. 3. Immediate anaphylactic death in guinea-pigs is caused by asphyxia; cessation of respiration is secondary to this asphyxia. 4. This asphyxia is apparently produced by a tetanic contraction of the smooth muscles of the bronchioles, which occludes their lumen gradually, so that finally no air enters or leaves the lung, in spite of violent respiratory efforts; the animal is strangulated. 5. The stage of complete broncho-constriction is preceded by a short broncho-dilatation, if the bronchioles have been in a state of tonus previous to the injection of the toxic dose. 6. Anatomically, the lungs of these guinea-pigs are typical and may be used as an indicator of the immediate anaphylactic state when the animal has been immobilized by curarin or by pithing. 7. The lungs of a guinea-pig killed by immediate anaphylaxis are distended and in an inspiratory position so that the diaphragm is pushed down; no marked collapse occurs when the chest is opened and when the lungs are excised in toto; their color is a pale bluish-pink ; the surfaces and borders are smooth; no foam is in the trachea or large bronchi; pieces of lung cut off do not collapse, float lightly on water, and contain a good amount of air and little fluid which escapes on pressure. The blood in the lungs and heart is black when the autopsy is made at once after the cessation of respiration. 8. Section of the vagi in the neck, or curarin (artificial respiration) exerts no appreciable effect on the development of immediate anaphylaxis. 9. This immobilization of the lungs, which is due to a broncho-constriction, is of peripheral origin, for destruction of the spinal cord and medulla affects in no appreciable way the promptness and extent of the typical lung response to the injection of the toxic dose. Artificial respiration is, of course, necessary. At the present time we do not care to state whether the toxic dose exerts its effects upon the bronchial muscles alone or upon the vagus motor endings or upon both structures. 10. The blood pressure in immediate anaphylaxis first shows a rise, which may be considerable; a short maintenance of this high level and then a gradual drop to IO to 20 millimeters of mercury and even less, within ten minutes after injection of the toxic dose. 11. Shortly after injection of the toxic dose a heart block develops, so that auricles and ventricles may beat in a 3:I rhythm; the block is probably due to asphyxia. 12. The cardiac vagus gradually loses its irritability after injection of the toxic dose. 13. Cooling of the guinea-pig delays the reaction to the toxic injection.
Pathologist cleared of misconduct by GMC in Shipman hearing
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A consultant pathologist who concluded in a postmortem report that a victim of the serial killer general practitioner Harold Shipman had died of natural causes was cleared of serious professional misconduct last week by the General Medical Council ( BMJ 2004;329: 757, 2 Oct).

The GMC's professional conduct committee found that David Bee's postmortem examination of Renate Overton fell below the standard reasonably expected, but did not constitute serious professional misconduct.

Dr Bee's postmortem was criticised as “deeply flawed” by the independent inquiry into Shipman's career. As a result of his report, no coroner's inquest had been held and the last opportunity to …
Acute Back Syndrome--A Study from General Practice
Authors: J. B. Dillane, J. Fry, G. Kalton
Journal: BMJ (1966)

an important cause of industrial disability (Troup, 1965), little discussion of it is given in the standard textbooks of orthopaedics. As the aetiology, pathology, and prognosis are all obscure, this lack of attention is understandable. To many minds acute lower back pain, with or without sciatica, suggests as a first possibility prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc; to others the osteopathic lesion is the common explanation (Stoddard, 1959). This paper represents an attempt to measure the incidence of  acute backs  in one general practice and to note if a cause such as back strain is often present. An effort has also been made to discover if any aspects of the clinical condition have a significant influence on the duration of the initial attack or the liability to recurrence.
Nodular Lesions in the Diaper Area—Quiz Case
Authors: Massimiliano Galeone, Meena Arunachalam, Federica Scarfì, Andrea Bassi, Daniela Massi, Elisa Margherita Difonzo
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Cytogenetics and Cancer
Authors: Leopold G. Koss
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The determination of the chromosomal makeup of cells in man and in the experimental animal has acquired a new importance since the discovery of the sex chromatin body by Barr and Bertram in 1948.<sup>1</sup>As so often happens in our times, one discovery followed another: in 1956 the exact number of chromosomes in man was shown to be 46,<sup>2,3</sup>the Denver system for chromosomal classification according to size and the position of the centromere was internationally accepted, and evidence was provided that certain common congenital disorders are due to abnormalities of either the sex chromosomes (X,Y) or of the remaining 44 chromosomes or autosomes. Recently, a further sophistication of the prior systems of chromosomal identification was introduced, namely chromosomal banding. It has been demonstrated that each one of the chromosomal pairs has a specific banding pattern that can be demonstrated by using either a fluorescent dye, quinacrine, as
Arterial Surgery in Intermittent Claudication
Authors: J. K. Watt, G. Gillespie, J. G. Pollock, W. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The results of a survey of 302 operations in 277 patients during 1959-70 are presented, and an additional 69 operations during 1971 are included in the mortality figures. Operative mortality (1968-71) was 0.9% in 113 aortoiliac operations and nil in 96 femoropopliteal operations.Immediate patency rates on dismissal from hospital exceeded 95%, and the five-year patency rate for aortoiliac operations was just over 70% and for femoropopliteal operations 60%.