tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Hepatitis A: An endangered species
Authors: Maria H. Sjogren
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Background: Although inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is known to be well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy children and adults, its efficacy has yet to be established. Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of the hepatitis A vaccine in protecting against clinically apparent disease, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a Hasidic Jewish community in upstate New York that has bad recurrent outbreaks of hepatitis A. At the beginning of a summer outbreak, 1037 healthy seronegative children 2 to 16 years of age were randomly assigned to receive one intramuscular injection of a highly purified, formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine or placebo. A case was defined by the presence of typical signs and symptoms, a diagnostic increase in IgM antibody to hepatitis A, and a serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase at cast twice the upper limit of normal. Cases occurring ≥ 50 days after the injection were included in the evaluation of efficacy. The children were followed for a mean of 103 days. Results: A total of 519 children received vaccine, and 518 received placebo. The vaccine was well tolerated, with no serious adverse reactions. From day 50 after the injection, 25 cases of clinically apparent hepatitis A occurred in the placebo group and none in the vaccine group (P < 0.001), confirming that the vaccine had 100 percent protective efficacy. Before day 21, seven cases occurred in the vaccine group and three cases in the placebo group. After that time, there were no cases among vaccine recipients and 34 cases among placebo recipients. Conclusions: The inactivated purified hepatitis A vaccine that we tested is well tolerated, and a single dose is highly protective against clinically apparent hepatitis A.
A Urinary Catheter Left in Place for Slightly Too Long
Authors: Mahmood Al-Abri, Brian M. Wong, Jerome A. Leis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
NHS waiting lists grow under Labour
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The British government admitted its embarrassment last week that NHS waiting lists for hospital admission in England have risen by 100000—more than 1000 a week—since Labour came to office last May. This is in contrast with its election pledge to reduce waiting lists by 100000.

The lengthening lists are a predictable consequence of a deliberate shift of resources to cope more effectively with winter emergency admissions—a political trade off …
Liberal versus restrictive blood transfusion strategy: 3-year survival and cause of death results from the FOCUS randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jeffrey L Carson, Frederick Sieber, Donald Richard Cook, Donald R Hoover, Helaine Noveck, Bernard R Chaitman, Lee Fleisher, Lauren Beaupre, William Macaulay, George G Rhoads, Barbara Paris, Aleksandra Zagorin, David W Sanders, Khwaja J Zakriya, Jay Magaziner
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Self-induced Vomiting
Authors: Charles L. Rich
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Self-induced vomiting has been associated with the psychiatric diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and a newly proposed disorder named bulimia. Two patients with a self-induced vomiting compulsion did not fulfill criteria for either of these diagnoses. One patient had an affective disorder, and the other had no psychiatric illness, but the habit had developed as a weight-control measure. Systematic studies of these symptoms are not available. Clinical diagnostic decisions should not be based on one outstanding sign or symptom, eg, self-induced vomiting, unless research clearly relates the sign or symptom to only one disorder. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2688-2689, 1978)
The calcium paradox revisited An artefact of great heuristic value
Authors: H Piper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

The 1967 paper by Zimmerman et al. [1] is a sequel to one published in the previous year [2] in which Ariaen Zimmerman and Willem Hulsmann had described an artefact produced on an isolated rat heart preparation. It is exceptional that an artefact receives so much attention and is not forgotten three decades later. The observation they made is that, when an isolated heart is perfused for 2 min with a Ca2+ free, otherwise normal Krebs-Henseleit buffer and then with buffer containing a physiological Ca2+ concentration, it rapidly deteriorates. Massive enzyme release occurs and the heart becomes pale due to myoglobin loss. The 1967 paper demonstrates that these changes are accompanied with dramatic alterations of myocardial ultrastructure, i.e. membrane disruption, myofibrillar hypercontracture and mitochondrial damage. The discoverers named this impressive artefact ‘calcium paradox’. Since the original description this phenomenon has fascinated hundreds of researchers, with the highest research activity in the 1980s. This brief review is an attempt to explain 33 years after the original description the main reasons for this long-lasting fascination. It is not intended to duplicate previous scientific reviews [3–6].

In the 1970s and 1980s the pathophysiological importance of calcium for the heart was in the centre of scientific awareness. The calcium paradox was soon regarded as a paradigm in this area of research as it became clear that repletion of the once Ca2+ depleted heart leads to massive Ca2+ influx into the myocardial cells, a phenomenon also observed in other situations of severe myocardial cell injury. In particular, it was a widely accepted hypothesis that the calcium paradox represents a paradigm for the pathomechanism of severe ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the words of Albrecht Fleckenstein [7]: “Certainly, with restoring the blood perfusion of the previous ischemic region, an unlimited Ca2+ …
Case against interventional cardiologist resumes with new evidence
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Some of the charges brought by the General Medical Council against the interventional cardiologist Joseph Motwani have been dropped after the GMC’s original expert witness stepped down from the case.

Dr Motwani, a consultant at Derriford Hospital in Plymouth with a national reputation, is accused of “pushing” the use of percutaneous cardiac intervention out of personal ambition and against the best interests of patients ( BMJ 2010;340:c3510, 30 Jun, doi:10.1136/bmj.c3510). In some cases, the GMC alleges, the patient’s interests would have been better served by surgery.

Dr Motwani originally faced charges relating to the care of 24 patients between August 2003 …
Comparative absorption of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal disease.
Authors: M Davies, E B Mawer, E L Krawitt
Journal: Gut (1980)

The absorption of simultaneously administered equimolar doses of 14C vitamin D3 and 3H 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) has been studied in controls and patients with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. As assessed from peak radioactivity in the serum and from faecal excretion of radioactivity, malabsorption of both vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 occurred in patients with steatorrhoea. Malabsorption of vitamin D3 was greater than 25-OH-D3. The magnitude of malabsorption of these compounds was related to the severity of the steatorrhoea but was moderate enough to suggest that replacement therapy in patients with intestinal malabsorption should be accomplished with relatively small doses of vitamin D. The more potent vitamin D metabolites are probably unnecessary in this situation.
Ecological Monitoring Helps Researchers Study Disease in Environmental Context
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

WHEN a previously unknown and deadly respiratory illness appeared in 1993 in the American Southwest, the outbreak sent researchers scrambling to learn the cause of the infection—a previously unknown<i>Hantavirus</i>—and to discover just why the new disease surfaced so dramatically at that time and place. Thanks to the availability of records of local climate conditions as well as data for the population levels of deer mice found to be the vector for the infection, scientists constructed a plausible scenario that most felt was the likely explanation for the disease's emergence. Six years of drought, followed by extremely heavy rains in the spring of 1993—rains thought to be related to the El Niño pattern of warming in parts of the Pacific Ocean—had caused a bumper crop of piñon nuts and a 10-fold surge in the numbers of well-fed deer mice. Case-control studies revealed that contact with rodent feces through agricultural
Red Cells for Transfusion
Authors: Paul J. Schmidt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The current innovation in the preservation of red cells for transfusion is adenine. Adenine in the storage medium increases ATP content and enhances red-cell viability. A formula called citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA-1) has a bright new FDA license permitting its use for the storage of whole blood or red cells for as long as 35 days.1 During World War II, the red cells left after the plasma from citrated blood was harvested were stored in corn syrup before use. The anticoagulant was modified later to provide pure dextrose and to lower the pH, and acid citrate dextrose (ACD) solutions . . .
Otogenic Pseudo-Abscess of the Brain
Authors: F. M. McGuckin
Journal: BMJ (1935)

<b>Aims and Methods:</b> Long term effects of air pollution on mortality were studied in 14 284 adults who resided in 24 areas from seven French cities when enrolled in the PAARC survey (air pollution and chronic respiratory diseases) in 1974. Daily measurements of sulphur dioxide, total suspended particles, black smoke, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide were made in 24 areas for three years (1974–76). Cox proportional hazards models controlling for individual confounders (smoking, educational level, body mass index, occupational exposure) were applied, and frailty models used to take into account spatial correlation. Indicators of air pollution were the mean concentration. <b>Results:</b> Models were run before and after exclusion of six area monitors influenced by local traffic (NO/NO<sub>2</sub> &gt;3 in ppb). After exclusion of these areas, analyses showed that adjusted risk ratios (95% CI) for TSP, BS, NO<sub>2</sub>, and NO for non-accidental mortality were 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08), 1.07 (1.03 to 1.10), 1.14 (1.03 to 1.25), and 1.11 (1.05 to 1.17) for 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> respectively. Consistent patterns for lung cancer and cardiopulmonary causes were observed. <b>Conclusions:</b> Urban air pollution assessed in the 1970s was associated with increased mortality over 25 years in France.
Abstract 4248: Antiangiogenic mechanisms of Aflibercept in mouse hepatoma model
Authors: Takuji Torimura, Takato Ueno, Hideki Iwamoto, Toru Nakamura, Hironori Koga, Hirohisa Yano, Michio Sata
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract [Background/Aim] VEGF plays a critical role in vascular development in tumor tissues. A new angiogenic inhibitor, aflibercept is a soluble decoy VEGF receptor created by fusing the Ig domains of VEGF receptor1 and 2 and captures VEGF and PlGF in the blood stream. We have reported that aflibercept suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting vascular development in mouse hepatoma model. In the present study, we investigated the precise antiangiogenic mechanisms of aflibercept in mouse hepatoma model. [Materials and methods] in vitro study: The inhibitory effects of aflibercept on cell proliferation of HUVEC and on phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 1 and 2 were evaluated. Influence of VEGF, PlGF and aflibercept on the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 1 and 2, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR and the expression of VEGF by murine hepatoma cell line (Hepa1-6) were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of aflibercept on endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) differentiation was evaluated by colony-forming units (CFU) of EPC. I n vivo study: Aflibercept was injected intraperitoneally twice a week into tumor bearing nude mice of hepatoma cells (HuH-7, HAK1-B, KYN-2, Hepa1-6). Microvessel density in tumor tissue was counted. Hepa1-6 was implanted to GFP-bone marrow transplanted (BMT) mice to investigate the inhibitory effect of aflibercept on homing of EPC to tumor tissues. The expression of PlGF, VEGF in tumor tissue and Hepa1-6 cells was evaluated. [Results] in vitro study: Although VEGF stimulated the cell proliferation of HUVEC, PlGF did not upregulate the cell proliferation. Aflibercept suppressed the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-1 and 2 and also inhibited the cell proliferation of HUVEC. In Hepa1-6 cells, VEGF phosphorylated VEGF receptor-1 and 2. PlGF phosphorylated VEGF receptor-1. VEGF and PlGF phosphorylated PI3K, AKT and mTOR. Aflibercept suppressed the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-1, 2, PI3K, AKT and mTOR. Aflibercept suppressed the upregulated VEGF production by PlGF in Hepa1-6 cells. in vivo study: Aflibercept suppressed the homing of bone marrow cells to tumor tissues, the differentiation of bone marrow cell to EPC and also reduced microvessel density. The expression of VEGF in tumor tissue was suppressed by aflibercept administration. [Conclusion] Aflibercept suppresses the vascular development in hepatoma by inhibiting endothelial cells proliferation, VEGFavailability, homing of bone marrow cells to tumor tissue and EPC differentiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4248. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4248
Additional Value of I-123 MIBG SPECT in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Anne-Sophie Pirson, Bruno Krug, David Tuerlinckx, Marc Lacrosse, Delphine Luyx, Thierry Vander Borght
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 4-year-old boy with fever and abdominal pain was found to have left basal hypoventilation on physical examination. Chest x-ray showed a homogeneous density of the lower left lung. Corresponding computed tomography demonstrated a left adrenal mass extending to the chest with calcifications on contrast enhancement. I-123 MIBG was performed for tumor characterization and the histology revealed a neuroblastoma.
A comparative study of Butacote and Naprosyn in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: B M Ansell, G Major, S P Liyanage, J M Gumpel, M H Seifert, J A Mathews, C Engler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

A double-blind, cross-over comparison of Naprosyn (naproxen) 750 mg daily and Butacote (enteric-coated phenylbutazone) 300 mg daily was carried out in a multi-centre trial. Twenty-five patients, mostly male and under 40 years of age, were entered. After a 2-week period in which any existing anti-inflammatory drugs were tailed off, patients were entered into the trial and treated for 1 month with each drug. Patients were assessed at 4-weekly intervals. Both drugs significantly reduced morning stiffness. Morning pain and discomfort and wall-tragus distance were also significantly reduced by both drugs during the trial. Results of the Schober test showed improvement during both treatment periods. There were no overall statistically significant differences between the effects of the 2 drugs on objective parameters. However, overall subjective assessment of symptoms showed a greater improvement on Butacote. Treatment preferences by physician and subjective assessment by the patient both favoured Butacote but the difference between the 2 drugs was not statistically significant. Side effects were mostly of a minor nature. One patient had to discontinue the trial, due to indigestion while taking Butacote.
Electrophysiologic characterization and postnatal development of ventricular pre-excitation in a mouse model of cardiachypertrophy and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Authors: Vickas V Patel, Michael Arad, Ivan P.G Moskowitz, Colin T Maguire, Dorothy Branco, J.G Seidman, Christine E Seidman, Charles I Berul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Expansion of Screening Mammography in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Charlotte L. Kvasnovsky, Susan B. Kesmodel, Josephine L. Gragasin, Valsamma Punnoose, Pamela A. Johnson, Rakhi Goel, Srinevas K. Reddy, Richard N. Pierson, Ajay Jain
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Women represent the fastest-growing demographic in the Veterans Health Administration. In 2008, we implemented programmatic changes to expand screening mammography, develop on-site breast care resources, and better coordinate care with non-Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities.To determine whether the programmatic changes would increase patient volumes, decrease time to definitive treatment, and increase the rate of breast conservation therapy (BCT).We performed a retrospective cohort study of all breast cancer cases treated from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2012, at the Baltimore VA Medical Center.We compared process-of-care metrics before and after 2008, when programmatic changes were implemented. Metrics evaluated included the number of mammograms performed annually, sex shift, the interval from clinical suspicion to tissue diagnosis and definitive treatment, and the rate of BCT.From 2000 to 2012, a total of 7355 mammograms were performed and 76 patients with breast cancer received treatment. Most mammograms (n = 6720) were performed after 2008. A median of 1453 (interquartile range [IQR], 592-1458) mammograms were performed and 6.33 patients received cancer treatment annually after 2008, representing 1200% and 49% increases, respectively, compared with the 2000 to 2007 interval. Most patients (86.7%) received screening and diagnostic imaging, biopsy, and surgery between multiple institutions. The interval between screening mammography and tissue diagnosis was 34 days (IQR, 20-52), with no significant difference between study intervals (P = .18). Time from tissue diagnosis to initiation of definitive treatment increased from 33 days (IQR, 26-51) to 51 days (IQR, 36-75) (P = .03) between 2008 and 2012. Thirty-three patients eligible for BCT (67.3%) received it, while 16 patients (32.7%) underwent mastectomy.Our institution has rapidly and successfully expanded screening mammography. Higher mammography volumes have been associated with increased use of non-VA breast care services and increased time to definitive treatment. Appropriate counseling regarding BCT was consistently documented, and mastectomy in BCT-eligible patients was largely the result of patient preference or clinical/social factors. Our data suggest that as patient volumes increase with intensified screening, VA hospitals may benefit from acquiring a full complement of on-site breast care services rather than improving flow between VA hospitals and non-VA breast care centers having specialized resources.
RETRACTED: Targeting MEK induces myeloma-cell cytotoxicity and inhibits osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Yu-Tzu Tai, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Teru Hideshima, Weihua Song, Merav Leiba, Xian-Feng Li, Matthew Rumizen, Peter Burger, Aileen Morrison, Klaus Podar, Dharminder Chauhan, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Paul Richardson, Nikhil C. Munshi, Irene M. Ghobrial, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2007)
Clinical Lectures on Anatomy and Morbid Anatomy in Clinical Surgery: Delivered at St. Bartholomew's Hospital
Authors: C. B. Lockwood
Journal: BMJ (1911)

f THICJOBmN« 239 himself, each one for his brother, must work it out here.Duly used, this society is a rock of salvation against those sins of the heart which so easily beset us-mutual distrust and mistrust and jealousy, breeding discord and the strife of tongues; and duly used, the county hospital is a way of salvation from those sins of the head-intellectual apathy, complacent self-sufficiency, and the careless habits into which even the best of us are only too prone to fall.
Serum pancreatic lipase activity in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: D Junglee, A Penketh, A Katrak, M E Hodson, J C Batten, P Dandona
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Patients with cystic fibrosis have been found to have abnormal serum concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin and abnormal activities of pancreatic isoamylase. A study was undertaken to discover whether activity of pancreatic lipase is also altered in cystic fibrosis. Serum from 23 patients with cystic fibrosis was assayed for immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic lipase. Median serum pancreatic lipase activity was significantly lower in patients with cystic fibrosis than in controls, as was immunoreactive trypsin concentration (p less than 0.0001). Some patients had supranormal lipase concentrations but these were not always associated with absence of malabsorption. Serum pancreatic lipase activity is considerably changed in cystic fibrosis.
Questions concerning environmental mobility of arsenic: needs for a chemical data base and means for speciation of trace organoarsenicals.
Authors: F E Brinckman, G E Parris, W R Blair, K L Jewett, W P Iverson, J M Bellama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Biomethylation of metals, including arsenic, apparently occurs as a global process. Health control strategies therefore depend on accurate analysis of arsenic's environmental mobility. Determining to what extent biotransformations occur and how resultant organometal(loids) are sequestered in food chains requires sophistication beyond present-day total element determinations. Rather, active molecular forms of arsenic must be speciated for each environmental compartment, and it is necessary to quantify the dynamics of arsenic's mobility. Thus, new chemical facts are needed yielding rates of methylation or demethylation of arsenic; partition coefficients of organoarsenicals between air, water, and organic phases; and arsenic redox chemistry in polar media. NBS research in this context is reviewed with examples of recent results emphasizing speciation methodology. Topic areas discussed are: the nature of aquated methylarsenic species (NMR and laser-Raman spectroscopy); transport of methylarsenicals from aqueous media (gas chromatography-graphic furnace AA detection applied to metabolic Me3As formation); and speciation of involatile organoarsenicals in aqueous media (demonstration of HPLC utilizing element-specific AA detection and appraisal of electrochemical detectors).