tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PR Interval and the Response to Enzyme-Replacement Therapy for Fabry's Disease
Authors: Stephen Waldek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

generating.Given the strong suggestion of the efficacy as well as the safety and low expense of heparin, a prospective trial is warranted to compare low-dose heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, or both with placebo and activated protein C in order to assess the relative contributions of these agents to the survival of patients with sepsis.We apologize for the oversight but wish to disclose that Drs.Davidson and Geerts have served as clinical investigators, consultants, or both for one or more of the following manufacturers of low-molecular-weight heparin: Aventis, Sanofi, and Pharmacia.
Association between beta-blockers, other antihypertensive drugs and psoriasis: population-based case–control study
Authors: Y.B. Brauchli, S.S. Jick, F. Curtin, C.R. Meier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Several case reports have associated use of beta-blockers with an increased risk of psoriasis or psoriasiform drug eruptions. Objectives To study the association between use of beta-blockers and other antihypertensive drugs and the risk of developing a first-time diagnosis of psoriasis. Methods We conducted a case–control analysis on the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database. We identified cases with an incident psoriasis diagnosis between 1994 and 2005 and matched them to one control patient on age, sex, general practice, calendar time (same index date) and years of history in the database. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of developing a first-time psoriasis diagnosis in relation to previous exposure to antihypertensive drugs, stratified by exposure timing (current vs. past use) and exposure duration based on the number of prescriptions. Results The study encompassed 36 702 cases with a first-time psoriasis diagnosis and the same number of matched controls. Adjusted ORs for current use of 1–4, 5–19 or ≥ 20 prescriptions for beta-blockers, as compared with nonuse, were 0·93 (95% CI 0·76–1·13), 1·10 (95% CI 0·97–1·24), and 1·10 (95% CI 1·01–1·20), respectively. The risk estimates for current use of other antihypertensives at any exposure duration were all close to 1·0. Conclusions This large population-based case–control analysis does not support the current proposition that beta-blocker use is associated with an increased risk of psoriasis, nor did we find evidence for a substantially altered psoriasis risk for other antihypertensive drugs.
Oral Sodium Cromoglycate Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Related to Food Allergy
Authors: P. S. Daugbjerg, N. Bach‐Mortensen, O. ØSterballe
Journal: Allergy (1984)

Thirty-two children and two adults with chronic atopic dermatitis related to food allergy entered this double-blind crossover study comparing oral sodium cromoglycate (200-1600 mg/24 h) with placebo. Each treatment period comprised 6 weeks: 4 weeks on elimination diet, and 2 weeks on a normal, i.e. unrestricted diet. The diagnosis of food allergy was made after clinical improvement with elimination diet and relapse after challenge. Overall analysis of skin symptoms evaluated by means of clinical assessments and diary cards, opinions of treatment, and use of concomitant medication gave no evidence of any difference between sodium cromoglycate and placebo. Unusual symptoms were reported by 18 patients. In one case the patient was withdrawn during the sodium cromoglycate period because of side effects. The majority of symptoms with both treatments were stomach problems. Overall analysis of the laboratory data gave no significant differences between treatments.
Ten Haematological Topics
Authors: M. C. G. Israels
Journal: BMJ (1971)

present book, but there are a few surprising omissions.It is odd, for instance, to find no adequate discussion of thymus-derived and bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes, and fuller treatment of antilymphocyte serum would also have been welcome.But in general terms this book provides an invaluable survey of current knowledge in the field of inflammation and immunology and it is warmly recommended.
Presidential Address ON A PLEA FOR GRADUATION IN LARYNGO-OTOLOGY ON A BROAD BASIS: Delivered before the Section of Laryngology of the Royal Society of Medicine
Authors: P. W. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1910)

n 'vePL'Taoos Nos ov $LTc?rs.(Life without examination is not worth living.)Plato.COMING from Bristol, where, as you are aware, we have recently developed a university, my thoughts have perforce been turned in the direction of educational matters, and as a lecturer on diseases of the nose, throat, and ear, I have given much consideration to the position of our own speciality in medical eduoation, which, in the interests of practitioners and of patients, leaves something to be desired.We hear it said that this is a day of specialism, and speoialism in modicine and surgery is thought to be a modern development.Yet we learn from the Ebers papyras that in the thirteenth century B.C. patients applying for relief to the medical temple at Thebes had to state their complaint, and that it was left to the principal of the medical staff to send the specialist best suited for the case.We find that the practice of surgery was distinguished from medicine even earlier than the thirteenth century B C., and it is recorded that in Egypt each physician treated a single disorder and no more, some devoting themselves to the eye, others to the teeth (they made artificial teeth, and some have asserted that they have found traces of gold stoppings in the mummies), and others again devoted themselves to disorders of the intes.
VINCENT'S INFECTION, WITH REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: William Thomas Wilkins
Journal: JAMA (1933)

For several months before the onset of a severe illness, a white man, aged 36, had recurring single canker sores on the tongue which would last a day or two and disappear without treatment. He was a man of cleanly oral habits, and dentists had repeatedly assured him that there were no pockets or ulcerated areas on his gums. A small canker was present in the mouth when the lower lip became chapped and cracked while the patient was on a fishing excursion. The ulcer of the tongue disappeared but the crack became deeper and quite tender. After a few days this soreness subsided. About two days later, however, the lip again became sore and the region of the submaxillary glands was tender on chewing and on pressure. For the next five days the lip became increasingly tender, the crack became deeper and the adjacent mucous membrane took on a
Depression and other psychiatric morbidity in carers of elderly people living at home
Authors: G. Livingston, M. Manela, C. Katona
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To describe the mental health of a community sample of carers of elderly people with dementia, depression, or physical disability and to compare that with the mental health of other adults living in the household and of those living alone. <b>Design</b>: Assessment of psychiatric morbidity and physical disability with standardised questionnaire in randomly selected enumeration districts; subjects were interviewed at home. <b>Setting</b>: London Borough of Islington. <b>Subjects</b>: 700 people aged &gt;/=65 and other coresidents. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Depression measured with standardised interview. <b>Results</b>: The prevalence of depression was not significantly higher in carers overall (15%) than in coresidents (11%). Being a woman carer was a significant predictor of psychiatric illness. Depression was more common in the carers of people with a psychiatric disorder than in coresidents (24% v 11%, P&lt;0.05) and in those living alone (19%). Depression was most common (47%) in women carers of people with dementia. <b>Conclusion</b>: The increase in psychiatric morbidity reported in carers of people with psychiatric disorders may reflect the lack of a confiding relationship. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Although in clinical practice carers seem psychologically vulnerable, studies of representative community samples provide little evidence to support this This study shows that being a carer of an older person is not in itself a risk factor for psychiatric illness or for important psychological symptoms Carers of older people with psychiatric disorders (particularly women carers of people with dementia) have an increased risk of depression Increased psychiatric morbidity in carers of people with psychiatric (rather than physical) illness may be mediated by the lack of a confiding relationship
PT-08 * VERY ENCOURAGING LONG TERM SURVIVAL AND NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOME OF YOUNG CHILDREN TREATED FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA WITH SEQUENTIAL HIGH DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: L. Lafay-Cousin, S. Chi, A. Smith, E. Wells, J. Madden, A. Margol, V. Ramaswamy, E. Owen, D. Strother, G. Dhall, N. Foreman, R. Packer, E. Bouffet
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: High dose chemotherapy strategies were developed to avoid craniospinal irradiation and prevent unacceptable neurotoxicity in young children. However, long-term outcome, including neurocognitive outcome, of this approach has not been widely described. METHODS: This retrospective study collected data from 7 institutions, on young children with medulloblastoma who received high-dose Carboplatin, Thiotepa according to the protocol CCG99703 between 1998-2012. Data on pathology, molecular subgrouping, chemotherapeutic, radiation, ototoxicity, neurognitive evaluations and survival were collected. RESULTS: There were 53(30 males) patients diagnosed at a median age of 24 months(2.9-63.2). Twenty(37.7%) had metastatic disease and 35(66%) underwent gross total resection(GTR). Seventeen(32.1%) had nodular desmoplastic(ND) subtype. Twenty two(56.4%) out the 39 patients with molecular subtyping belong to the SHH group. Three patients received intrathecal chemotherapy, 6 received HD MTX during induction and 7 underwent maintenance chemotherapy. Seventeen patients received radiation, including only 9(16.9%) in an adjuvant setting. Complete continuous remission(CCR) after induction and consolidation were respectively 73.6% and 77.4 %. Two patients died of treatment related toxicity. Forty-two patients are alive at a median follow-up of 3.7 years from diagnosis with a projected 5-year PFS and OS of respectively 69.2%(±7) and 76.1%(±6.5). ND histology, SHH subgroup and CCR were significantly associated better PFS, but only CCR post induction remained significant for better OS. Non irradiated children had a better PFS compare to those who received radiation(5y PFS 84.6% versus 42.2%p = 0.007). Severe ototoxicity(≥ Brock grade 3) was present in 13.2% of 31 evaluable patients. Thirteen required hearing support. Neurocognitive assessements were available in 24 survivors(57%). Mean FSIQ for the cohort was 91(range 67-119). CONCLUSION: Young children with MB treated with this strategy have a very encouraging OS (76.4 %) while only 17% of the patients who received adjuvant radiation. Although the ototoxicity was significant, neurocognitive profile of the survivors appears to be within normal range.
Randomised trial of personalised computer based information for cancer patients
Authors: R. Jones, J. Pearson, S. McGregor, A. J Cawsey, A. Barrett, N. Craig, J. M Atkinson, W H. Gilmour, J. McEwen
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare the use and effect of a computer based information system for cancer patients that is personalised using each patient9s medical record with a system providing only general information and with information provided in booklets. <b>Design:</b> Randomised trial with three groups. Data collected at start of radiotherapy, one week later (when information provided), three weeks later, and three months later. <b>Participants:</b> 525 patients started radical radiotherapy; 438 completed follow up. <b>Interventions:</b> Two groups were offered information via computer (personalised or general information, or both) with open access to computer thereafter; the third group was offered a selection of information booklets. <b>Outcomes:</b> Patients9 views and preferences, use of computer and information, and psychological status; doctors9 perceptions; cost of interventions. <b>Results:</b> More patients offered the personalised information said that they had learnt something new, thought the information was relevant, used the computer again, and showed their computer printouts to others. There were no major differences in doctors9 perceptions of patients. More of the general computer group were anxious at three months. With an electronic patient record system, in the long run the personalised information system would cost no more than the general system. Full access to booklets cost twice as much as the general system. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients preferred computer systems that provided information from their medical records to systems that just provided general information. This has implications for the design and implementation of electronic patient record systems and reliance on general sources of patient information.
Wet combing for head lice: feasibility in mass screening, treatment preference and outcome
Authors: R H Vander Stichele, L Gyssels, C Bracke, F Meersschaut, I Blokland, E Wittouck, S Willems, J De Maeseneer
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

There is no scientific consensus on the best way to control head louse infestation in schoolchildren. A study was conducted to test the feasibility and acceptability of a screening campaign by wet combing and a community approach to head-louse control with home visits, and to explore parents' treatment preferences and treatment outcomes. A non-controlled intervention (advice on treatment options offered to all positive children) was nested within an epidemiological prevalence study. All children in three primary schools in Ghent, Belgium, were invited to take part in screening by wet combing (n=677, 3-11 years). Positive children were offered structural treatment advice, a home visit on day 7, and a check by wet combing on day 14. 83% of the children were screened. The prevalence of active infestation (living moving lice) was 13.0% in school 1 and 19.5% in school 3. In school 2, prevalence of signs of active and past infestation was 40.7%. A home visit was made to 58% of the positive children. 85% of the positive children were screened again on day 14. Wet combing was the most widely used treatment, followed by chemical treatment and a combination of the two. In school 1 and 3 51% were cured, and in school 2 24% became nit-free. A wet combing screening campaign and a community-oriented approach to head-louse control is feasible though resource-intensive. The prevalence of head lice was high and the cure rate was low, with either topical treatments or wet combing.
The mallory body: Theories on development and pathological significance (part 2 of a literature survey)
Authors: Kenneth Jensen, Christian Gluud
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Drawing on data from a previously published literature survey on the clinical and experimental epidemiology of the Mallory body, we discuss current theories on its development in a pro et contra manner. Conclusions have been largely left open to the interpretations of the reader because many are still speculative. The main results of this study characterize Mallory bodies as stereotypical histological byproducts to diverse hepatic injuries (mostly alcohol associated) of questionable pathogenic importance. The temporal characteristics of Mallory bodies cast doubt on their role in hepatic neoplasia both as a disease marker and a causative agent, and prognosis studies suggest that they may be considered preterminal markers in some nonalcoholic liver diseases but remain prognostically unimportant in most studies on alcoholic patients. By similar line of inquiry, no consistent relationships may be found with disease severity or duration in alcoholic liver diseases. The roles of vitamin A deficiency and protein-calorie malnutrition are circumstantial. Drugs known to have calcium-antagonist properties and the physiological characteristics of the stress-response protein ubiquitin support the concept of defective protein systems in Mallory body pathogenesis. Disproportionate hepatic copper accumulation seems both epidemiologically and topographically associated with Mallory bodies, but these connections are largely unsupported by exposure studies. Many arguments still downplay the importance of uncoordinated changes in hepatic oxygen delivery and consumption, but ischemia-reperfusion studies suggest a role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the liver injuries under scrutiny. Finally, the role of Mallory bodies in the control system of hepatocyte function is addressed, and indirect evidence lends credence to a cybernetic approach in future study designs. It is reasonable to assume that different elements of a multifactorial setting operate with varying intensity over time as this may account for some of the controversies that exist. In conclusion, the biological significance of Mallory bodies is still mystery. It is not known whether Mallory bodies represent an epiphenomenon or play a role themselves in the initiation and continuation of liver damage.
Ready! Fire! . . . Aim! An inquiry into laboratory test ordering
Authors: E. T. Wong
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Informal test-ordering protocols that do not follow a physiological rationale are common in teaching hospitals and represent part of the folklore of resident practice. Such faulty test-ordering routines increase the cost of care, waste resources, may fail to answer diagnostic questions, or may generate false leads. They prove to be part of a broader set of issues in information management not restricted to medicine. Clinically appropriate algorithms for diagnostic testing can be constructed to replace folkloric protocols. This should represent a major area of professional concern in clinical pathology.
THE EFFECT OF ADULT CHICKEN ORGAN GRAFTS ON THE CHICK EMBRYO
Authors: James B. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

The explanation of the wide-spread changes in the embryo after grafting with adult organs offers a problem of considerable interest. Just what factors are responsible for them we are unprepared to say. They occur only after the grafting of certain adult homologous organs and are absent after grafting with such tissues as the chicken sarcoma, adult muscles, bone, and cartilage. Likewise no systemic changes have been observed after grafting of various tissues from foreign species, such as rat and mouse embryos, rat and mouse tumors of various sorts, or the normal organs of an adult animal of a foreign species. Whether or not this extensive proliferation of the white blood cell elements is to be looked on as a stimulation of a center with metastasis in the membranes and organs, or whether it is a general stimulation to the anlage of the various cells, is a point difficult to determine. Judging from the distribution and character of the proliferation, the latter seems the more plausible view. Moreover, the reaction may be of the same type as that observed by Da Fano in mice after immunization against cancer by means of tissue injections. The changes he describes, however, were not so pronounced in character and were for the most part confined to the plasma cell in the connective tissues. The possibility of the action of infection must also be considered. Smears from the embryo spleen and the scattered nodules failed, however, to show microorganisms, and cultures taken on the ordinary media were negative for bacteria. If the reaction was a result of bacterial invasion, we should expect to find the changes occurring after the implantation of some of the transplantable rat and mouse tumors, for it is well known that they become highly contaminated. But such is not the case. A possible explanation of the necrosis is that the nutrition supply does not keep pace with the growth, so that a condition develops analogous to that of the central necrosis in rapidly growing tumors. We conclude, therefore, that grafts of adult spleen, bone marrow, liver, and kidney placed in the outer membrane of a chick embryo cause stimulation of the embryo spleen and lead to proliferation of certain leukocytic elements in the mesoderm, subcutaneous tissues, and around vessels in the liver and kidney.
Exogenous surfactants in a piglet model of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: S L Sood, V Balaraman, K C Finn, B Britton, C F Uyehara, D Easa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Evidence for surfactant dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) suggests a role for exogenous surfactant which contains apoprotein for resistance to protein inhibition. We compared the effects of KL-4-Surfactant, an artificial preparation containing a synthetic 21 amino acid peptide with SP-B-like activity, with Exosurf, an artificial protein-free surfactant, and Survanta, a bovine protein-containing surfactant, in a saline lung lavage model of ARDS in neonatal piglets. Two sequential series of lung lavages were performed to lower PaO2 < 100 mm Hg, each followed by administration of surfactant or air and a 90-min observation period. Progressive lung injury was demonstrated by deterioration in pulmonary function, increasing bronchoalveolar lavage protein, and changes in histopathology. All surfactants improved oxygenation, although oxygenation was generally better with Survanta and KL-4-Surfactant. Further, Survanta and KL-4-Surfactant groups showed improvement in ventilation, with decreases in PaCO2 and increases in FRC. Only KL-4-Surfactant demonstrated greater pressure-volume characteristics and lower bronchoalveolar protein than those of Controls. We conclude that the physiologic effects of KL-4-Surfactant are more like Survanta in this model. We speculate that KL-4-Surfactant may improve pulmonary function, reduce alveolar protein leak, and thus be efficacious in the treatment of ARDS.
Assessment of the opening angle of implanted Björk-Shiley prosthetic valves.
Authors: G Verdel, R M Heethaar, G Jambroes, T van der Werf
Journal: Circulation (1983)

A method has been developed in which cineradiography is used for the assessment of the opening angle of implanted Bjork-Shiley prosthetic valves. The method is based on the fact that the ring and the disc, which are known to be circular, appear to be elliptical on x-ray films. The spatial position of the valve can be retrieved from the characteristics of these ellipses when vectoranalysis is applied. The method's accuracy does not depend on the position of the patient with respect to the direction of the x-ray beam. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated with the use of a phantom valve. The difference between the measured and the real opening angle was -0.7 +/- 1.8 degrees (mean +/- SD). Results were reproducible in patients to within -0.1 +/- 1.8 degrees. In 18 patients with normally functioning valves it could be demonstrated with frame-by-frame analysis (interval between frames 20 msec) that the valves opened very rapidly up to about 60 degrees. Closing patterns varied. In one of our patients with valvular thrombosis insufficient valvular opening could be demonstrated by our method before the patient's complaints drew attention to the valvular dysfunction.
Post-transcriptional regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase in rats with subtotal nephrectomy
Authors: William M. Pandak, Z. Reno Vlahcevic, D.M. Heuman, Richard J. Krieg, James D. Hanna, James C.M. Chan
Journal: Kidney International (1994)