tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sputum eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic protein levels in cough-variant asthma and in classic asthma, and their relationships to airway hypersensitivity or maximal airway response to methacholine
Authors: Y. Yoo, Y. Y. Koh, H. Kang, J. Yu, K. M. Nah, C. K. Kim
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The aims of this study were to compare the degree of airway inflammation in cough‐variant asthma (CVA) with that in classic asthma (CA), and to examine the relationship between airway inflammation and airway hypersensitivity or maximal airway response to methacholine in both conditions. Methods: Sputum was induced in 41 CVA patients, in 41 methacholine PC 20 ‐matched CA patients, and in 20 healthy children. The sputum samples were analyzed for total and differential cell counts, and for eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP). A high‐dose methacholine challenge test was performed in CVA and CA patients to determine PC 20 and maximal airway response. Results: Sputum eosinophil percentages and ECP levels were significantly elevated in CVA and CA vs the control, but no significant differences were found between the two asthma groups. In the two asthma groups, neither sputum parameters correlated significantly with methacholine PC 20 . However, the absence of a maximal response plateau or its higher level, when present, was associated with increased eosinophil percentages and ECP levels in the CVA group. Conclusions: The degree of eosinophilic inflammation may not be causally related to differences in presented asthma manifestations. The identification of a maximal response plateau and the level of this plateau in patients with CVA may provide information pertinent to airway eosinophilic inflammation.
Preconditioning enhances myocardial resistance to postischaemic myocardial stunning via adenosine receptor activation
Authors: K. Urabe, T. Miura, T. Iwamoto, T. Ogawa, M. Goto, J. Sakamoto, O. Iimura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aim was to test a hypothesis that ischaemic preconditioning attenuates myocardial stunning via adenosine receptor activation.Myocardial stunning was induced in male rabbits by a transient 5 or 10 min coronary artery occlusion, and alteration of regional systolic thickening fraction (TF) was measured by using an epicardial Doppler sensor before and after the regional ischaemia. Rabbits were either untreated, preconditioned with 1 min ischaemia, given 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT, 10 mg.kg-1 intravenously), or given 8-PT plus 1 min ischaemic preconditioning. Preconditioning and 8-PT were given 5 min and 20 min before stunning the heart, respectively.Postischaemic recovery of the thickening fraction was significantly improved by preconditioning with 1 min ischaemia. TF (% baseline) after 10 min ischaemia/30 min reperfusion was 84.3(SEM 5.0)% in the preconditioned group, which was significantly higher than the value of 51.3(8.1)% in the control rabbits. Treatment with 8-PT alone did not significantly alter the recovery of TF from 10 min ischaemia [TF = 45.0(7.4)%,], but 8-PT treatment completely abolished the effect of 1 min preconditioning [TF = 51.3(6.4)%]. Attenuation of myocardial stunning by 1 min preconditioning was also observed when the stunning was induced by 5 min ischaemia [92.2(1.3)% in preconditioned group v 75.9(3.2)% in controls].These findings suggest that preconditioning protects the myocardium against stunning through activation of the adenosine receptors.
The N342S MYLIP polymorphism is associated with high total cholesterol and increased LDL receptor degradation in humans
Authors: Daphna Weissglas-Volkov, Anna C. Calkin, Teresa Tusie-Luna, Janet S. Sinsheimer, Noam Zelcer, Laura Riba, Ana Maria Vargas Tino, Maria Luisa Ordoñez-Sánchez, Ivette Cruz-Bautista, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Peter Tontonoz, Päivi Pajukanta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) affects more than 1 in 3 American adults. Hypercholesterolemia is a major treatable risk factor for ASCVD, yet many individuals fail to reach target levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) through the use of statins and lifestyle changes. The E3 ubiquitin ligase myosin regulatory light chain-interacting protein (MYLIP; also known as IDOL) is a recently identified regulator of the LDL receptor (LDLR) pathway. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in populations of mixed European descent have identified noncoding variants in the MYLIP region as being associated with LDL-C levels, but no underlying functional variants were pinpointed. In order to fine-map actual susceptibility variants, we studied a population demographically distinct from the discovery population to ensure a different pattern of linkage disequilibrium. Our analysis revealed that in a Mexican population, the nonsynonymous SNP rs9370867, which encodes the N342S amino acid substitution, is an underlying functional variant that was associated with high total cholesterol and accounted for one of the previous significant GWAS signals. Functional characterization showed that the Asn-encoding allele was associated with more potent LDLR degradation and decreased LDL uptake. Mutagenesis of residue 342 failed to affect intrinsic MYLIP E3 ligase activity, but it was critical for LDLR targeting. Our findings suggest that modulation of MYLIP activity can affect LDL-C levels and that pharmacologic inhibition of MYLIP activity might be a useful strategy in the treatment of dyslipidemia and ASCVD.
Adding prompt revascularization to medical therapy did not reduce mortality or CV events in patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD
Authors: Paul Poirier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club20 October 2009Adding prompt revascularization to medical therapy did not reduce mortality or CV events in patients with type 2 diabetes and CADPaul Poirier, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FACC, FAHAPaul Poirier, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FACC, FAHAUniversité Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada (P.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-8-200910200-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationThe BARI 2D Study Group. A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2503-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19502645Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: References1 Gersh BJ, Kronmal RA, Schaff HV, et al. Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and medical therapy in patients 65 years of age or older. A nonrandomized study from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:217-24. [PMID: 3874368] Google Scholar2 Boden WE, O’Rourke RA, Teo KK, et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1503-16. [PMID: 17387127] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada (P.P.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 October 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 October 2009Volume 151, Issue 8Page: JC4-5KeywordsCardiovascular therapyInsulinMortalityMyocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionResearch laboratoriesRevascularizationStable coronary artery diseaseSurgeryType 2 diabetes ePublished: 20 October 2009 Issue Published: 20 October 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhibition of methanogenesis by human bile.
Authors: T H Florin, H J Woods
Journal: Gut (1995)

The factors that regulate methanogenesis in humans have not been established. The presence of bile acid, which is lost into the colon from the small intestine, may be an important regulatory factor of methanogenesis. To examine this possibility, the effect of human bile on methane production by faecal cultures, and the in vivo effect of biliary diversion on breath methane excretion in a methanogenic choledochostomy patient, were investigated. Faecal suspensions (0.1%) from five methanogenic humans were incubated anaerobically with bile (0.3-30%) from three choledochostomy patients, and headspace methane measured by gas chromatography. All biles inhibited headspace methane. Inhibition of methanogenesis was dose dependent, plateaued at 10-30% bile concentration, and was abolished by 0.6% cholestyramine. The maximum inhibition by bile, median (range), was 38 (0.9-56)% of control methane values. Reversal of the bile fistula in the fourth choledochostomy patient converted that subject from methanogenic to 9non-methanogenic9 status, It is concluded that inhibition of methanogens in the caecum by bile acid could significantly reduce the number of methanogens in the colon. This and the effect of transit time could explain much of the known epidemiology of 9non-methanogenesis9, which has been related to obesity, (comparatively) fast colonic transit in healthy persons, and to small intestinal Crohn9s disease.
Biomarkers of leukemia risk: benzene as a model.
Authors: M T Smith, L Zhang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Although relatively rare, leukemias place a considerable financial burden on society and cause psychologic trauma to many families. Leukemia is the most common cancer in children. The causes of leukemia in adults and children are largely unknown, but occupational and environmental factors are strongly suspected. Genetic predisposition may also play a major role. Our aim is to use molecular epidemiology and toxicology to find the cause of leukemia and develop biomarkers of leukemia risk. We have studied benzene as a model chemical leukemogen, and we have identified risk factors for susceptibility to benzene toxicity. Numerous studies have associated exposure to benzene with increased levels of chromosome aberrations in circulating lymphocytes of exposed workers. Increased levels of chromosome aberrations have, in turn, been correlated with a heightened risk of cancer, especially for hematologic malignancy, in two recent cohort studies in Europe. Conventional chromosome analysis is laborious, however, and requires highly trained personnel. Further, it lacks statistical power, as only a small number of cells can be examined. The recently developed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technologies have allowed the detection of specific chromosome aberrations. These techniques are far less time consuming and are more sensitive than classical chromosomal analysis. Because leukemias commonly show a variety of specific chromosome aberrations, detection of these aberrations by FISH and PCR in peripheral blood may provide improved biomarkers of leukemia risk.
Neil Alexander Duncan
Authors: Catriona Andrews
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Former general practitioner Horam, East Sussex, and founder Flying Doctor Development Service, Africa (b 1921; q Charing Cross Hospital 1944), died from a heart attack on 20 March 2006.

In 1954, after time in the colonial service and general practice in England, Neil joined the Royal Flying Doctor Service in Cloncurry, Australia. On returning to British general practice four years later he set up a charity with his wife, Joan, to apply the techniques used in the Australian bush to rural Africa. He used a network of two way pedal generated radios based with village dispensers initially in northern Nigeria to improve the medical care of isolated villagers. He retired in 1990. Predeceased by his wife, he leaves three children and seven grand-children.
Gene therapy is in danger of being overhyped, expert says
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Two reports published online this week by the New England Journal of Medicine have described the use of gene therapy to correct the causes of one form of congenital blindness. Although the gains in both cases were modest, media reports have greeted them with jubilation and the suggestion that the results can be extrapolated to a wide range of eye conditions.

This reaction has prompted one researcher who recognises the value of the new work to regret that, once again, enthusiasm for gene therapy may be running dangerously ahead of its actual achievements.

Infants born with Leber’s congenital amaurosis have profound visual impairment throughout childhood and become …
Retinal Detachment in Malignant Hypertension
Authors: Iqbal Tajunisah, Dinesh Kumar Patel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 37-year-old woman with no previous medical conditions presented with a 3-day history of headache and blurry vision. Her blood pressure was elevated, at 220/150 mm Hg, and visual acuity in both eyes was such that she could count fingers only and had sluggish pupil reactivity. Retinal examination revealed bilateral disk swelling with scattered cotton-wool spots (Panel A, arrow) and bilateral inferior serous retinal detachment (Panel B, arrow). Further workup revealed that the patient had renal disease, with a serum creatinine level of 14.9 mg per deciliter (1320 μmol per liter). She was treated with isosorbide dinitrate and amlodipine in . . .
Studies on the plasma membrane of normal and psoriatic keratinocytes. 3. Uptake of labelled sugars and their incorporation into glycoconjugates
Authors: H. ROELFZEMA, M. BERGERS, P.E.J. ERP, J.M. GOMMANS, P.D. MIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Studies on the plasma membrane of normal and psoriatic keratinocytes. 3. Uptake of labelled sugars and their incorporation into glycoconjugates Get access H. ROELFZEMA, H. ROELFZEMA Department of Dermatology, University of financial, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. BERGERS, M. BERGERS Department of Dermatology, University of financial, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.E.J. VAN ERP, P.E.J. VAN ERP Department of Dermatology, University of financial, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. GOMMANS, J.M. GOMMANS Department of Dermatology, University of financial, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D. MIER P.D. MIER Department of Dermatology, University of financial, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 104, Issue 6, 1 June 1981, Pages 635–640, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00749.x Published: 01 June 1981 Article history Accepted: 02 July 1980 Published: 01 June 1981
Peripheral pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma with substantial submucosal extension to the proximal bronchus.
Authors: H Inoue, A Iwashita, H Kanegae, K Higuchi, Y Fujinaga, I Matsumoto
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Abstract A rare case of a peripheral pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma is presented. Histological examination after lobectomy showed pronounced submucosal invasion of the carcinoma to proximal bronchi.
A simple assay system for examination of the inhibitory potential in vivo of decoy RNAs, ribozymes and other drugs by measuring the Tat-mediated transcription of a fusion gene composed of the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 and a gene for luciferase
Authors: Shiori Koseki, Jun Ohkawa, Rika Yamamoto, Yutaka Takebe, Kazunari Taira
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)
Collagen synthesis in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage.
Authors: L Lippiello, D Hall, H J Mankin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Collagen metabolism in osteoarthritic human articular cartilage was compared to that in normal cartilage and was also correlated with the degree of severity of the osteoarthritic lesion as determined by a histological-histochemical grading system. No correlation was apparent between the concentrations of DNA, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine and the degree of severity of the osteoarthritic lesion (except in far-advanced lesions). Similarly, there was no correlation in levels of these components in tissues from the normal vs. osteoarthritic group. The similarity of the values of the ratio hydroxylysine/hydroxyproline in osteoarthritic tissue compared with normal, and the lack of variation in these with increasing severity of the disease process argues against the possibility that osteoarthritis is associated with a major shift in the synthesis of type II collagen to type I. [3H]Proline incorporation into osteoarthritic cartilage was increased fourfold as compared to normal cartilage and varied with advancing histological-histochemical grade. Measurement of the specific activity of insolubilized hydroxyproline-containing material of the cartilage matrix, as an index of the turnover of collagen, showed a sixfold increase in osteoarthritic cartilage which also varied with grade. These data suggest that collagen synthesis in these tissues is substantially greater than in nonosteoarthritic tissues and varies directly with the severity of the disease process up to a point and then varies inversely as the lesion becomes more severe.
Aerosolized Pentamidine and Conjunctivitis
Authors: D. Alec Lindley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 December 1988Aerosolized Pentamidine and ConjunctivitisD. Alec Lindley, MD, Charles J. Schleupner, MDD. Alec Lindley, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Charles J. Schleupner, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-12-988_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Pentamidine is commonly used to treat patients withPneumocystis cariniipneumonia. Although often effective, the drug is frequently associated with adverse effects when administered parenterally. These effects include an elevation of transaminase levels, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, azotemia, anemia, fever, and leukopenia; pain at the injection site or sterile abscess formation can occur when the drug is given intramuscularly (1). The incidence of these side effects has ranged from 50% to 83% (1, 2). Aerosolized pentamidine therapy has been found efficacious in less severe cases ofP. cariniipneumonia, and significantly fewer adverse effects have been reported (2,...References1. AndersenBoedickerMaGoldstein RMME. Adverse reactions associated with pentamidine isethionate in AIDS patients: recommendations for monitoring therapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1986;20:862-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ConteHollanderGolden JHJ. Inhaled or reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:495-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MontgomeryLuceTurner AJJ. Aerosolized pentamidine as sole therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Lancet. 1987;2:480-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KarboskiGodley JP. Inhaled pentamidine and hypoglycemia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:490. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Virginia School of Medicine Veterans Administration Medical Center Salem, VA 24153 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPentamidineAerosolized Pentamidine for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeMiscellaneous antibacterial and antiviral drugsOccupational Exposure to Aerosolized PentamidineAerosolized pentamidine in HIVCorrection: Authors of LettersRichard N. Greenberg, MD 15 December 1988Volume 109, Issue 12Page: 988-988KeywordsAminotransferasesAnemiaConjunctivitisDrugsFeversHypoglycemiaNauseaPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPneumoniaVomiting Issue Published: 15 December 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
High prevalence of hepatitis G virus after liver transplantation without apparent influence on long-term graft function
Authors: Elizabeth B. Haagsma, H.Theo M. Cuypers, Annette S.H. Gouw, Margret C. Sjerps, Johannes R. Huizenga, Maarten J.H. Slooff, Peter L.M. Jansen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Antibody isotype-specific engagement of Fcγ receptors regulates B lymphocyte depletion during CD20 immunotherapy
Authors: Yasuhito Hamaguchi, Yan Xiu, Kazuhiro Komura, Falk Nimmerjahn, Thomas F. Tedder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy is effective for lymphoma and autoimmune disease. In a mouse model of immunotherapy using mouse anti–mouse CD20 mAbs, the innate monocyte network depletes B cells through immunoglobulin (Ig)G Fc receptor (FcγR)-dependent pathways with a hierarchy of IgG2a/c&amp;gt;IgG1/IgG2b&amp;gt;IgG3. To understand the molecular basis for these CD20 mAb subclass differences, B cell depletion was assessed in mice deficient or blocked for stimulatory FcγRI, FcγRIII, FcγRIV, or FcR common γ chain, or inhibitory FcγRIIB. IgG1 CD20 mAbs induced B cell depletion through preferential, if not exclusive, interactions with low-affinity FcγRIII. IgG2b CD20 mAbs interacted preferentially with intermediate affinity FcγRIV. The potency of IgG2a/c CD20 mAbs resulted from FcγRIV interactions, with potential contributions from high-affinity FcγRI. Regardless, FcγRIV could mediate IgG2a/b/c CD20 mAb–induced depletion in the absence of FcγRI and FcγRIII. In contrast, inhibitory FcγRIIB deficiency significantly increased CD20 mAb–induced B cell depletion by enhancing monocyte function. Although FcγR-dependent pathways regulated B cell depletion from lymphoid tissues, both FcγR-dependent and -independent pathways contributed to mature bone marrow and circulating B cell clearance by CD20 mAbs. Thus, isotype-specific mAb interactions with distinct FcγRs contribute significantly to the effectiveness of CD20 mAbs in vivo, which may have important clinical implications for CD20 and other mAb-based therapies.
Solving the Adrenal Lesion(S) of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: James C. Melby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Primary aldosteronism is a generic term for disorders in which chronic overproduction of aldosterone is independent of the renin-angiotensin system and results in hypertension. Estimates of the incidence of these disorders vary from 0.5 to 2.0 per cent of the hypertensive population, with a prevalence of 115,000 to 460,000 cases in the United States at present. With development and wide availability of radioimmunoassays for analysis of aldosterone and renin activity in plasma, it is possible to detect primary aldosteronism with certainty — easily and inexpensively. One need only demonstrate inappropriately raised blood aldosterone concentrations in the presence of low or . . .
Evolution of an HIV glycan–dependent broadly neutralizing antibody epitope through immune escape
Authors: Penny L Moore, Elin S Gray, C Kurt Wibmer, Jinal N Bhiman, Molati Nonyane, Daniel J Sheward, Tandile Hermanus, Shringkhala Bajimaya, Nancy L Tumba, Melissa-Rose Abrahams, Bronwen E Lambson, Nthabeleng Ranchobe, Lihua Ping, Nobubelo Ngandu, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Salim S Abdool Karim, Ronald I Swanstrom, Michael S Seaman, Carolyn Williamson, Lynn Morris
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Four-year follow-up after intracoronary gamma radiation therapy for in-stent restenosis: results from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ron Waksman, Andrew E. Ajani, R.Larry White, Edouard Cheneau, Hongsheng Wu, Dong-Hun Cha, Natalie Gevorkian, Verne Mattox, Regina Deible, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Ellen Pinnow, Joseph Lindsay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)