tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diseases in Antiquity: A Survey of the Diseases, Injuries and Surgery of Early Populations
Authors: Saul Jarcho
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In their introduction, the editors mention two deterrents to the progress of paleopathology, viz the poverty of many collections of recent osseous lesions and the scattered distribution of specimens. They state correctly that "the time has come for some form of paleopathological stock-taking and pooling of recently collected data." For this purpose they have assembled 57 papers, widely diversified as to geographical, temporal, and substantive scope. Included among them are a dozen essays reprinted from the writings of Moodie, Ruffer, Ackerknecht, Schultz, and others. The text has been divided into seven sections: introductory studies, parasitology, geographic studies, individual somatic diseases, regional and systemic somatic diseases, trauma and surgery, and mental abnormality. One of the best essays is the opening paper, "Pseudopathology," by Dr. Calvin Wells. This salutary contribution discusses the errors that may arise in interpreting paleopathologic specimens, especially the failure to recognize such postmortem changes as warping, erosion,
Insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease is ameliorated by spironolactone in rats and humans
Authors: Kozi Hosoya, Hitoshi Minakuchi, Shu Wakino, Keiko Fujimura, Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Motoaki Komatsu, Ayumi Yoshifuji, Koji Futatsugi, Keisuke Shinozuka, Naoki Washida, Takeshi Kanda, Hirobumi Tokuyama, Koichi Hayashi, Hiroshi Itoh
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Swiss hospitals admit to allowing assisted suicide on their wards
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The ocular barriers (cornea, blood–retinal barrier, and blood–aqueous humor barrier) make treating eye diseases with therapeutic drugs challenging. The tight capillary endothelium of the iris and the ciliary body epithelium form the blood–aqueous humor barrier. The iris and ciliary body (iris-ciliary body) express a variety of drug transporters in the ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier (SLC) families. ATP-binding cassette family drug transporters that are present in the iris-ciliary body include P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and several multidrug resistance–associated proteins. SLC family drug transporters that are present in the iris-ciliary body include organic anion transporters, organic anion transporting polypeptides, bile acid transporters (apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter and sodium taurocholate cotransporter), organic cation transporters (novel organic cation transporter and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter) and peptide transporters. Freshly dissected iris-ciliary body preparations actively accumulate a variety of substrates of SLC drug transporters that are expressed in the tissue. The ciliary body in vitro supports active transport in the aqueous humor-to-blood direction of several substrates of organic anion transporters and multidrug resistance–associated proteins, consistent with the subcellular localization of these transporters in the ciliary body epithelium. In vivo data suggest that drug transporters in the iris-ciliary body reduce the permeation of drugs in the direction of blood-to-aqueous humor, thereby reducing ocular drug bioavailability, and are also involved in active drug elimination from the aqueous humor. An understanding of the influence on pharmacokinetics of drug transporters in the blood–aqueous humor barrier should help improve drug delivery and efficacy in the eye.
Surface-Rendering Imaging of Gastrointestinal Lesions by Three-Dimensional Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: J. Yoshino, S. Nakazawa, K. Inui, Y. Katoh, T. Wakabayshi, T. Okushima, T. Kobayashi, S. Watanabe
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

In three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasonography (3D-EUS), a surface-rendering method can provide both a surface image and a cross-sectional ultrasonographic image. We evaluated the usefulness of this imaging method for digestive tract lesions.A total of 30 patients underwent 3D-EUS with surface-rendering using a 3D probe system which arranged individual radial scanning images into 128 points on a computer monitor to outline the surface of a lesion. A complete surface image of the lesion was displayed on the computer monitor using lines obtained from 40 radial scanning images.Surface-rendering images of lesions were similar to endoscopic images. The surface-rendering method permitted precise correlation of two-dimensional images depicting a slice of a lesion with the corresponding surface of the lesion. Unlike conventional endoscopy, this approach permitted observations of lesions at any desired angle. Complete images of lesions were achieved in 14 patients and were half-completed in another five, but could not be obtained in 11 patients: in six the distance between the lesion and the 3D probe was too short to avoid artifacts, while in five the lesion was larger than the longitudinal scanning length of 4 cm or greater than 90 in extent in radial scanning images. Artifacts caused by heartbeat led to irregular images in four patients, including three with esophageal cancer and one with gastric cancer.Despite some problems, surface-rendering imaging should prove useful for diagnosis, and the method will improve as software is perfected.
Abnormal flow properties of white blood cells in patients with severe ischaemia of the leg
Authors: G B Nash, P R S Thomas, J A Dormandy
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The possible role of white blood cells in tissue ischaemia has attracted recent interest. White blood cells can block narrow vessels, particularly if perfusion pressure is reduced or if the cells become activated. To investigate the role of white blood cells in ischaemia microfiltration techniques were used to measure the flow properties of these cells in patients with severe leg ischaemia before and after amputation. Compared with controls white blood cells from patients showed impaired ability to flow through 8 μm and 5 μm pore filters. This applied to fractionated granulocytes and mononuclear cells as well as to unfractionated mixed white blood cells. White blood cells from blood draining the ischaemic leg had worse filterability than those from arm blood of the same patients. After amputation of the ischaemic leg there was definite improvement, the flow properties of the cells being no longer significantly different from controls. These abnormalities detected in white blood cells probably reflect activation of the cells by factors released in the ischaemic tissue. As activation alters the mechanical and adhesive properties of white blood cells, a vicious cycle of microcirculatory trapping at low perfusion pressure, activation, tissue damage, and further activation and trapping might contribute to the progressive worsening of tissue ischaemia.
Abstract 370: MHY7, TNNT2, SCN5A, CSRP3, LBD3, And TCAP Mutations Identified In 313 Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ray E Hershberger, Sharie B Parks, Jessica D Kushner, Duanxiang Li, Susan Ludwigsen, Petra Jakobs, Deirdre Nauman, Donna Burgess, Mike Litt
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Orbital Infarction Syndrome
Authors: Frangois-Xavier Borruat, Julien Bogousslavsky, Sylvie Uffer, Georges Klainguti, Norman J. Schatz
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)

Background: The authors define orbital infarction as ischemia of all intraorbital and intraocular structures. It is a rare disorder due to the rich anastomotic vascularization of the orbit. Patients: The authors report three patients with orbital infarction with similar clinical presentations: acute blindness, orbital pain, total ophthalmoplegia, and anterior and posterior segment ischemia. Results: Etiologies of orbital infarction syndrome include occlusion of the common carotid artery (case 1), giant-cell arteritis (case 2), and mucormycosis (case 3). Conclusion: Three cases discussed in this article illustrate that orbital infarction is a disorder that can occur secondary to different mechanisms such as (1) acute perfusion failure (e.g., common carotid artery occlusion [possibly combined with anomalous orbital anastomotic channels]), 2) systemic vasculitis (e.g., giant-cell arteritis), and (3) orbital cellulitis with vasculitis (mucormycosis). The blindness and retinal and optic nerve damage were permanent, whereas the other signs of orbital ischemia (ophthalmoplegia and anterior segment ischemia) resolved. Therefore, diagnosis of orbital infarction can best be made during the acute phase. Background: The authors define orbital infarction as ischemia of all intraorbital and intraocular structures. It is a rare disorder due to the rich anastomotic vascularization of the orbit. Patients: The authors report three patients with orbital infarction with similar clinical presentations: acute blindness, orbital pain, total ophthalmoplegia, and anterior and posterior segment ischemia. Results: Etiologies of orbital infarction syndrome include occlusion of the common carotid artery (case 1), giant-cell arteritis (case 2), and mucormycosis (case 3). Conclusion: Three cases discussed in this article illustrate that orbital infarction is a disorder that can occur secondary to different mechanisms such as (1) acute perfusion failure (e.g., common carotid artery occlusion [possibly combined with anomalous orbital anastomotic channels]), 2) systemic vasculitis (e.g., giant-cell arteritis), and (3) orbital cellulitis with vasculitis (mucormycosis). The blindness and retinal and optic nerve damage were permanent, whereas the other signs of orbital ischemia (ophthalmoplegia and anterior segment ischemia) resolved. Therefore, diagnosis of orbital infarction can best be made during the acute phase.
The Park Nicollet Experience
Authors: Richard B. Freese
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters16 November 1999The Park Nicollet ExperienceRichard B. Freese, MDRichard B. Freese, MDPark Nicollet Clinic HealthSystem Minnesota; St. Louis Park, MN 55416 (Freese)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-10-199911160-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Patient acceptance was our biggest concern, and we monitored this carefully. One hundred ninety-eight patients discharged between 1 September 1993 and 30 November 1993 (before the implementation of the hospital system) were surveyed with a mailed questionnaire and a reminder postcard. We also sent a subsequent additional mailing to nonrespondents. These persons made up the baseline inpatient group. The identical questionnaire was mailed to 214 patients discharged between 9 January 1994 and 1 March 1994 (just after the start of the hospital service). Finally, 368 patients discharged 18 months after the inception of the hospital service were surveyed ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard B. Freese, MDAffiliations: Park Nicollet Clinic HealthSystem Minnesota; St. Louis Park, MN 55416 (Freese) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Park Nicollet Experience in Establishing a Hospitalist System Richard B. Freese Implementation of a Hospitalist System in a Large Health Maintenance Organization: The Kaiser Permanente Experience Diane E. Craig , Liz Hartka , William H. Likosky , William M. Caplan , Paul Litsky , and Jannalee Smithey The Park Nicollet Experience Michael J. Dawson Metrics 16 November 1999Volume 131, Issue 10Page: 792KeywordsInpatientsQuestionnaires ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 November 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hostile Personality Characteristics and Prostaglandins in Essential Hypertension
Authors: S. Aritzi, J. Demakis, G. Demakis, J. Fareed, R. Reid, N. Dunkas, S.C. Richardson, G.C. Lyketsos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

The hostile personality characteristic of dominance was shown to be significantly lower in a group of 34 male patients with essential hypertension than in a general illness control group (n = 17) in the USA. This replicates a previous finding from research in Greece into this and other conditions of presumably psychogenic origin. Nonspecific neurotic syndromes (as identified by the Present State Examination, a semistructured interview) were more prevalent in hypertensives than in controls, but no clear neurotic cases were found. Levels of the prostaglandins 6-keto prostaglandin F1A and thromboxane B2 did not differ significantly between groups, but the former was positively correlated with dominance in the control group. An interpretation of these results in terms of the repressed hostility theory is offered.
Multiple Cytokine-Producing Plasmablastic Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone With Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinology, Monoclonal Protein, and Skin Changes Syndrome
Authors: Shoko Nakayama-Ichiyama, Taiji Yokote, Yuji Hirata, Kazuki Iwaki, Toshikazu Akioka, Takuji Miyoshi, Uta Nishiwaki, Yuki Masuda, Nobuya Hiraoka, Ayami Takayama, Motomu Tsuji, Toshiaki Hanafusa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)
389. Testing the Oncogenic Potential of Retroviral and Lentiviral Vector Integration
Authors: Eugenio Montini, Daniela Cesana, Francesca Sanvito, Sergi Sergi Lucia, Benedicenti Fabrizio, Ponzoni Maurilio, Claudio Doglioni, Luigi Naldini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Retroviral Vectors (RVs) expressing therapeutic genes have been used to transduce Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and successfully treat hematological diseases in mice and humans. Unfortunately, RVs also triggered oncogenesis, raising concerns for the use in gene therapy. Such concerns also apply to other integrative vectors, such as Lentiviral Vectors (LVs). We have established a mouse HSC transplantation model sensitive to genotoxic stress to measure the tumorigenic potential of RVs and LVs in vivo. In mice, chronic retroviral infection triggers leukemias by insertional activation of cellular proto-oncogenes. Tumor-prone mice with specific genetic mutations develop malignancies with earlier onset after MuLV infection. We transduced HSCs from leukemia-prone Ckdn2a-/- mice with different LV and RV doses and transplanted them into lethally irradiated, syngeneic wild-type recipients. We used conventional RV expressing GFP from the LTR and a self inactivating (SIN)-LV expressing GFP from an internal PGK promoter. Three groups of mice were transplanted with BM-derived lin- Cdkn2a-/- cells, transduced with either RV or LV or untransduced. Transduction protocols were similar to those used in clinical gene therapy settings. The kinetics of tumor onset and tissue histopathology were monitored and compared for each group.
Biochemical Abnormalities during Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Stanley E. Bradley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

DURING recent years the theory of metabolism has undergone an extensive revision as a result of the work of Borsook and Keighley,1 Tarver and Schmidt,2 Schoenheimer3 and others. This new point of view, summarized by Schoenheimer, has had a profound influence on thinking in biochemistry and physiology. In particular, it has been necessary to reassess the part played by the kidney in the body economy and to reconsider — in terms of the organism as a whole — the biochemical abnormalities that arise during renal insufficiency.According to modern theory, the components of the body are in a state of . . .
Residency Overwork and Changing Paradigms of Service
Authors: Paul F. Griner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Editorials1 October 1995Residency Overwork and Changing Paradigms of ServicePaul F. Griner, MDPaul F. Griner, MDUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-7-199510010-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In this issue, Green [1] reviews key issues in residency overwork, including the effect of overwork on patients, on the residents themselves, and on the hospitals that sponsor the residents' training. He concludes that residency overwork is both prevalent and harmful and that the most persuasive argument against long hours is the negative effect they have on the professional and personal growth of residents at a critical time in their development.Green reviews several studies that either support or reject the thesis that overwork harms patients. These studies include indirect measures of performance among sleep-deprived and rested residents and self-reported ...References1. Green MJ. What (if anything) is wrong with residency overwork? Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:512-7. Google Scholar2. Hawkins MR, Vichick DA, Silsby HD, Krizich DJ, Butler R. Sleep deprivation and performance of house officers. J Med Educ. 1985; 60:530-5. Google Scholar3. Wu AW, Folkman S, McPhee SJ, Lo B. Do house officers learn from their mistakes? JAMA. 1991; 265:2089-94. Google Scholar4. Casner PR. Preventing adverse effects [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:963. Google Scholar5. Peabody FW. The care of the patient. JAMA. 1927; 88:877-82. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul F. Griner, MDAffiliations: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642Corresponding Author: Paul F. Griner, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoWhat (If Anything) Is Wrong with Residency Overwork? Michael J. Green Metrics Cited byLa dépendance chimique et comportementale chez les étudiants en médecine. Étude comparative chez une population d’étudiants libanaisLevels of autonomy of nurse practitioners in an acute care settingMinimizing excessive resident hours in surgical training programs 1 October 1995Volume 123, Issue 7Page: 547-548KeywordsFatigueInformation technologyNursesPatientsPopulation statisticsQuality of lifeResidencySleep deprivationSubstance abuseSuicide ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A week of hectoring the NHS
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Some weeks there is an embarrassment of riches in the Com- mons, and the first week back after the summer recess for the spill-over period before next week's State opening was such a week.Lots of sound and fury, in other words, but just what it all added up to is difficult to say because the rowing was over the pay dispute in the National Health Service and that is out- side Parliament's control.The week opened, as always after a holiday break, with a state- ment bringing MPs up to date on the industrial dispute of the day.The trouble was that Mr Norman Fowler, the Social Services Secretary, had little to say, apart from reporting on past
Systematic Review: Vitamin D and Cardiometabolic Outcomes
Authors: Anastassios G. Pittas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Vitamin D may modify risk for cardiometabolic outcomes (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease). Purpose: To examine the association between vitamin D status, including the effect of vitamin D supplementation, and cardiometabolic outcomes in generally healthy adults. Data Sources: English-language studies in MEDLINE (inception to 4 November 2009) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (fourth quarter of 2009). Study Selection: 11 reviewers screened citations to identify longitudinal cohort studies that reported associations between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic outcomes, including randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation. Data Extraction: 5 independent reviewers extracted data about study conduct, participant characteristics, outcomes, and quality. Differences were resolved by consensus. Data Synthesis: 13 observational studies (14 cohorts) and 18 trials were eligible. Three of 6 analyses (from 4 different cohorts) reported a lower incident diabetes risk in the highest versus the lowest vitamin D status groups. Eight trials found no effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemia or incident diabetes. In meta-analysis of 3 cohorts, lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with incident hypertension (relative risk, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.3 to 2.4]). In meta-analyses of 10 trials, supplementation nonsignificantly reduced systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference, −1.9 mm Hg [CI, −4.2 to 0.4 mm Hg]) and did not affect diastolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference, −0.1 mm Hg [CI, −0.7 to 0.5 mm Hg]). Lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with incident cardiovascular disease in 5 of 7 analyses (6 cohorts). Four trials found no effect of supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. Limitations: Studies included primarily white participants. Observational studies were heterogeneous. Several trials reported post hoc analyses. Conclusion: The association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic outcomes is uncertain. Trials showed no clinically significant effect of vitamin D supplementation at the dosages given. Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and Public Health Agency of Canada.
Ankle injuries in football academies: a three-centre prospective study
Authors: David J Cloke, Phil Ansell, Peter Avery, David Deehan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Background Injuries are common in youth soccer, of which ankle injuries form a significant proportion. However, there is a lack of prospective data on the epidemiology and nature of these injuries. Aim To prospectively study the incidence of ankle injuries in three Football Association (FA) academies, with particular emphasis on severe injuries and factors associated with increased injury rate. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods All 419 players within three FA youth academies during the 2007–2008 season were included, between under 9 and under 18 age groups. Ankle injuries causing a loss of more than 48 h training were studied, along with the setting and mechanism of injury, the diagnosis, time to rehabilitate, any investigations and surgical treatment. The incidence of injury per 1000 h exposure in match, training and in total was calculated. Results A total of 56 (incidence 14%) new ankle injuries were identified during this 1-year study period. Twenty-six (46%) of these occurred in competition, 24 (43%) were by contact, and eight (14%) had a severe injury diagnosed. The incidence was higher in the competitive setting. Ten injuries (18%) missed more than 6 weeks' training. Of these, seven were diagnosed as ‘sprain’ or ‘strain,’ of whom only three had been further investigated. There was a significant relationship between injury incidence and age group for total and match exposure, but not for training exposure. Conclusions The incidence of ankle injury in youth soccer is higher in competition, and increases with age in competition. 17.5% of ankle injuries missed more than 6 weeks' training, but the authors found a subgroup of players with delay in returning to sport in whom there was no further investigation to establish the diagnosis. This group may harbour occult injury to the chondral surfaces, and earlier investigation could minimise secondary joint damage in this ‘at risk’ age group.