tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sorting Out Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Patrick Linsel-Nitschke, Nilesh J. Samani, Heribert Schunkert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A genomewide association study published in the Journal 3 years ago reported the identification of a DNA variant on chromosome 1p13 that increased the relative risk of coronary artery disease by 29% per allele.1 A few months later, the same genetic variant was also found — again through a genomewide association approach — to increase serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.2 At that time, little was known about the genes at the 1p13 locus, so the functional link between the DNA variant and the increase in LDL cholesterol and coronary risk was puzzling. Basic research carried out by Musunuru . . .
Management of Septic Shock-Reply
Authors: William Schumer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Reich's comments concerning my recommendations for the management of septic shock are duly noted. Regarding the placement of a comma after pneumonitis, this is an editorial error wrongly implying that all pneumonias are caused by Gramnegative bacteria. I did not intend to recommend aminoglycosides as a single-agent therapy and hope that other readers did not infer this type of information. The recommended antibiotic regimen of a primary dosage of 9 mg/kg/day until serum gentamicin levels can be examined is not excessive. Please refer to the study by Zaske and associates' study on increased gentamicin dosage requirements in burn patients with<i>Pseudomonas</i>infections. To treat these virulent Gram-negative bacteria effectively, high dosages of gentamicin were needed to maintain serum levels between 8 γ/mL and 12 γ/mL. The possibility of renal insufficiency developing in septic shock patients because of the high antibiotic dosage is not as critical as the
Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis of the Impact of Lesion Length on the Efficacy of Intracoronary γ-Irradiation for Preventing Recurrent In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Javed M. Ahmed, Gary S. Mintz, Ron Waksman, Neil J. Weissman, Borjanka Leiboff, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The relation between lesion length and effectiveness of brachytherapy is not well studied. Methods and Results —We compared serial (postintervention and follow-up) intravascular ultrasound findings in 66 patients with native coronary artery in-stent restenosis (ISR) who were treated with 192 Ir (15 Gy delivered 2 mm away from the radiation source). Patients were enrolled in the Washington Radiation for In-Stent Restenosis Trial (WRIST; ISR length, 10 to 47 mm; n=36) or Long WRIST (ISR length, 36 to 80 mm; n=30). External elastic membrane, stent, lumen, and intimal hyperplasia (IH; stent minus lumen) areas and source-to-target (intravascular ultrasound catheter to external elastic membrane) distances were measured. Postintervention stent areas were larger in WRIST and smaller in Long WRIST patients ( P &lt;0.0001). At follow-up, maximum IH area significantly increased in both WRIST and Long WRIST patients ( P &lt;0.0001 for both), but this increase was greater in Long WRIST patients ( P =0.0006). Similarly, minimum lumen cross-sectional area significantly decreased in both WRIST and Long WRIST patients ( P &lt;0.05 and P &lt;0.0001, respectively), but this decrease was more pronounced in Long WRIST patients ( P =0.0567). The maximum source-to-target distance was longer in Long WRIST than in WRIST, and it correlated directly with ISR length ( r =0.547, P &lt;0.0001). Overall, the change in minimum lumen area and the change in maximum IH area correlated with the maximum source-to-target distance ( r =0.352, P =0.0038 and r =0.523, P &lt;0.0001 for WRIST and Long WRIST, respectively). The variability (maximum/minimum) in IH area at follow-up also correlated with the maximum source-to-target distance ( r =0.378, P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions —Brachytherapy may be less effective in longer ISR lesions because of the greater variability and longer source-to-target distances in diffuse ISR.
Chemotherapy for Teratoma With Malignant Transformation
Authors: Alessia C. Donadio, Robert J. Motzer, Dean F. Bajorin, Philip W. Kantoff, Joel Sheinfeld, Jane Houldsworth, Raju S.K. Chaganti, George J. Bosl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Teratoma with malignant transformation (MT) is a well-described entity that refers to the MT of a somatic teratomatous component in a germ cell tumor (GCT) to a histology that is identical to a somatic malignancy (eg, rhabdomyosarcoma [RMS]). Surgical resection has been the mainstay of therapy for localized transformed disease because these tumors are thought to be resistant to standard treatment. We report that chemotherapy has a role in selected patients with MT, determined by cell type.Chemotherapy was administered to 12 patients with MT of GCT limited to a single cell type (two patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumors, five with undifferentiated RMS, one with anaplastic small-cell tumor, two with adenocarcinoma, and two with leukemia); 10 patients had measurable disease. GCT origin was confirmed by molecular cytogenetics in five patients. Each patient received chemotherapy regimens based on the specific malignant cell observed in the transformed histology.Seven patients with measurable disease achieved a partial response, with the duration of response ranging between 1 month and 7 years. Three of those patients are alive. Three patients did not respond to treatment, and all of those patients died as a result of their disease.Chemotherapy for MT limited to a single cell type may result in major responses and long-term survival in selected patients. Local therapy after chemotherapy is an important component of treatment to achieve maximum response.
COMPARISON OF BONE-MARROW DERIVED CD133&amp;plus;-CELLS AND CELLS OBTAINED FROM CAROTID ARTERY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS TISSUE ENGINEERED PULMONARY VALVED STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Anja Metzner, Jessica Boldt, Judith Pohanke, Gunther Fischer, Jan Schoettler, Jochen Cremer, Georg Lutter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Increased mortality in septic shock with the 4G/4G genotype of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in patients of white descent
Authors: Gloria García-Segarra, Gerard Espinosa, Dolors Tassies, Josep Oriola, Jesús Aibar, Albert Bové, Pedro Castro, Joan-Carles Reverter, Josep-Maria Nicolás
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
A family with multiple musculoskeletal abnormalities.
Authors: K E Barber, P J Gow, K M Mayo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

A family with multiple musculoskeletal abnormalities is reported. The disorder is characterised by platyspondyly, abnormality of the upper femoral epiphyses, and the development of precocious osteoarthritis. It is proposed that this family represents an example of autosomal dominantly inherited spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SED tarda).
Effects of Leukotriene D on the Airways in Asthma
Authors: Marilyn Griffin, J. Woodrow Weiss, A. Gordon Leitch, E. R. McFadden, E. J. Corey, K. Frank Austen, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

One characteristic of patients with asthma is that their airways are exquisitely sensitive to a variety of inhaled stimulants. For example, their airways regularly become obstructed after inhalation of bronchoconstrictor substances at 1/100 to 1/300 of the concentration required to produce a similar response in normal persons.1 2 3 4 This airway hyperresponsiveness is nonspecific: patients react to low concentrations of agents of different chemical classes as well as to substances that are not smooth-muscle constrictors.5 The recent identification of a new family of bronchoconstrictors, the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes C, D, and E (previously termed slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, or SRS-A),6 7 8 allows further study . . .
Insulin regulates SOCS2 expression and the mitogenic effect of IGF-1 in mesangial cells
Authors: Keiji Isshiki, Zhiheng He, Yasuhiro Maeno, Ronald C. Ma, Yutaka Yasuda, Tatsuya Kuroki, Gregory S. White, Mary E. Patti, Gordon C. Weir, George L. King
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Abstract C69: Elastic properties of highly metastatic cells using nano-capillary wrinkling
Authors: Cedric Hurth, Divya Pratap, Jianing Yang, Frederic Zenhausern
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract We have adapted an existing emerging method to characterize elastic properties of thin (30–150 nm) polystyrene (PS) films based on the observation of the wrinkling patterns of the film (J. Huang et al, Science 2007, 317, 650–653). Our goal is to evaluate the stiffness of cell layers cultured on top of such polystyrene films when they enter metastasis as compared to healthy epithelial cells. Recent reports using atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggest differences in cell stiffness at the local single cell level (J.K. Gimzewski et al, Nature Nanotechnology 2007, 2, 780–783). We plan to measure similar properties when cells are arranged in a sheet and compare them to AFM measurements. A relevant system is the melanoma cell lines such as A 375 and SK-Mel28, for instance. We characterized the wrinkling patterns obtained using a stereomicroscope to provide a first straightforward assessment of the elastic properties by counting the number of wrinkles and measuring their average lengths. By comparing the wrinkling pattern when either healthy or melanoma cells are grown on top of the thin PS films to that obtained when bare thin PS film floats on water and developing a theoretical model based on 2 films of different but close Young moduli associated in parallel, one can extract quantities of interest to characterize the elastic properties of normal vs. cancer cells. In addition, we propose to use digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to improve the observation of the wrinkling patterns and allow access to other relevant viscoelastic information such as relaxation of the films. Because we propose an innovative technique coupled with an emerging form of microscopy yet unexplored for cancer research, i.e. DHM, to study the mechanical elastic forces within an interconnected assembly of metastatic cells with the goal of complementing current methods of clinical diagnostic, we hope to answer the current need for new ways of studying the mechanisms of cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C69.
Effective elimination of fludarabine-resistant CLL cells by PEITC through a redox-mediated mechanism
Authors: Dunyaporn Trachootham, Hui Zhang, Wan Zhang, Li Feng, Min Du, Yan Zhou, Zhao Chen, Helene Pelicano, William Plunkett, William G. Wierda, Michael J. Keating, Peng Huang
Journal: Blood (2008)
THE PROBLEMS OF CANCER
Authors: E. F. Bashford
Journal: BMJ (1903)

fMEDAL JOURNAL 127 necropsies have been made, and I have examined the records of all the cases of malignant disease of the pancreas.In the following table I have included all the cases in which malig- nant disease was primary in the pancreas, and I have classified them into those in which secondary growths were present and those in which secondary growths were not present.Table showing Number of Cases described as Primary Careinoma of the Pancreas in the Post-mortem Theatre of Guy's Hospital from 1861 to 1901, both Inclusive, and Classified into those with and those waithout Secondary Deposits.Number of Number of Number of' Number of Cases of Cases of Cases of Cases of Malignant Dis-Malignant Dis- Malignant Dis-Malignant DisYear. ease of Panease of Pan-Year.ease of Pancase of Pancreas with creas witlhout creas witlh creas without
Merchants of Immortality: Chasing the Dream of Human Life Extension
Authors: P. J. Hornsby
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 298: Mutant PIK3CA increases the expression of individual tubulin isoforms and promotes resistance to anti-mitotic chemotherapy drugs
Authors: Jeffrey J. Wallin, Jane Guan, Yang Xiao, Tom O'Brien, Marcia Belvin, Lori S. Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Resistance to many anti-cancer agents has been attributed to increased PI3K/PTEN pathway signaling. Hence, inhibitors of the pathway have potential utility in combination with these therapies. To investigate chemotherapy drug sensitivities downstream of mutant PIK3CA in a controlled and patient-relevant context we utilized human non-tumorigenic MCF10A parental and isogenic knock-in cell lines that harbor a common activating PIK3CA kinase domain mutation (H1047R). We found the mutant cells to be least sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs, but the resistance could be overcome in combination with GDC-0941, a Class I PI3K inhibitor currently being evaluated in clinical trials. To understand the mechanism of resistance we analyzed microarray data for expression of known anti-mitotic resistance genes. We found that a subset of tubulin isoforms were increased with PI3K pathway signaling, but were reduced with GDC-0941 treatment. The changes in mRNA expression were confirmed at the protein level and were extended to additional cell lines. RNAi knockdown of TUBB2, the isoform we found to be most influenced by PI3K pathway signaling, increased the sensitivity of both parental and H1047R clones to anti-mitotic drugs, but did not influence GDC-0941 potency. Thus, reduced expression of the target increases the potency of the anti-mitotic drug. Overall, these findings suggest a mechanism of action for anti-mitotic drugs in combination with inhibitors of PI3K. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 298.
Treatment of Patients with Lupus Nephritis with Prednisone and Combined Prednisone-Azathioprine.
Authors: J. V. Donadio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Treatment of Patients with Lupus Nephritis with Prednisone and Combined Prednisone-Azathioprine.J. V. Donadio, M.D., F.A.C.P., R. D. Wagoner, M.D., F.A.C.P., R. H. Ferguson, M.D., F.A.C.P., F. C. McDuffie, M.D., F.A.C.P., K. E. Holley, M.D.J. V. Donadio, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. D. Wagoner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. H. Ferguson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, F. C. McDuffie, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, K. E. Holley, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-873_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is unclear whether treatment of patients with lupus nephritis with combined corticoid and cytotoxic drugs is more effective than treatment with corticoids alone. Two treatment programs were evaluated for 6 months in patients with active lupus glomerulonephritis. Group A (9 patients) received prednisone (mean, 40 mg/day) and Group B (7 patients) received prednisone (same dosage) and azathioprine (2 to 3 mg/kg body weight-day). Renal biopsy activity was scored by a semiquantitative method based on the presence and extent of glomerular proliferation, necrosis, karyorrhexis, fibrinoid deposition, hyaline thrombi, and vasculitis. According to activity scores patients were randomly assigned to Group... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDiffuse proliferative lupus nephritisEfficacy of immunosuppressive drugs in rheumatic diseases 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 873-874KeywordsBiopsyDrugsLupus nephritisNecrosisPatientsVasculitis Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Recent advances: Recent advances in intensive care
Authors: S. Stott
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Intensive care medicine has had its fair share of publicity over the past few years but mainly for reasons of shortness of resources rather than major medical advances. Despite this and the difficulty of doing research in this heterogeneous and relatively small population group, there have been several significant advances in the past few years. This article discusses some of these as well as the advances in training that have recently taken place.

I wrote this review using information from articles found through the Medline database on topics that I selected. Because of space restrictions it cannot be a comprehensive review of all recent advances. Key words used in the database search included nutrition, intensive care, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and tracheostomy

It is now over 30 years since the acute respiratory distress syndrome was described, and it is now known to be the extreme end of a continuum of lung injury. A consensus definition in 1994 (box)1 has allowed accurate classification of lung injury and better standardisation in clinical research. The early reported mortality of 60% now seems to be falling, with recent reports of 30-40% from both the United States2 and the United Kingdom,3 but the reasons for this improvement are still unclear. As these patients usually do not die of respiratory failure but of the development of multiple organ failure, no single treatment that may attenuate the lung injury is likely to be responsible for the increased survival. The improvement in general care, attention to areas such as infection and nutrition, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease process have contributed substantially to the improved survival. Several areas, however, deserve mention.

#### Recent advances

Mortality from the acute respiratory distress syndrome is decreasing as increased understanding of its pathophysiology leads to targeted treatments

A …
Poisoning with antidepressants.
Authors: C Brewer
Journal: BMJ (1977)

normal breakfast, before his daily digoxin dose, and after at least 15 minutes' rest.Patients had become familiar with the technique during the period on digoxin prior to this study.Had we measured systolic time intervals in patients whose failure worsened clinically on placebo the influence of changes in ventricular volume, pre-load, after-load, etc, would have been predominant.Although Weissler and Schoen- feld found that the effect of a single intravenous dose of deslanoside in patients with severe heart failure was better reflected by the pre-ejection period (PEP) than the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), the indices (PEPI and LVETI) showed equally significant correlations with conventional haemodynamic measurements.Hoeschen and Cuddy,' in patients on maintenance digoxin, found that doubling the dose had no effect on the PEPI but significantly shortened the LVETI.
Natural History of Early Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma and Early Adenocarcinoma of the Gastric Cardia in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Y. Guanrei, Q. Songliang, H. He, F. Guizen
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

Ninety cases of early esophageal squamous carcinoma (EESC) and 27 patients with early adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (EAGC), who for various reasons refused surgical treatment, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, were followed up endoscopically and roentgenologically for 19 to 78 months. Of the 90 cases with EESC, 52 (58%) were still found to have superficial mucosal lesions, 8 cases progressed to an advanced stage, 27 died of cancer with an average survival time of 53.2 months, and 3 died of other non-malignant diseases. The estimated median survival time of EESC is about 75 months. Among 21 patients with EAGC, 8 (30%) were still presenting with superficial malignant changes, 6 cases progressed to advanced cancer, 11 died of carcinoma with an average survival time of 53.3 months, and 2 died of non-malignant diseases. The estimated median survival time of EAGC is about 73 months. The period for a carcinoma in situ of the esophagus and the gastric cardia to progress to an advanced stage appears to be 4-5 years.
Possible Relevance of HLA-DRB1*0403 Haplotype in Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by α-Lipoic Acid, Used as a Dietary Supplement
Authors: Tetsuya Yamada, Junta Imai, Yasushi Ishigaki, Yoshinori Hinokio, Yoshitomo Oka, Hideki Katagiri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is characterized by frequent hypoglycemic attacks associated with the presence of autoantibodies to insulin in patients who have not received insulin injections. Approximately half of IAS patients have a medication history before onset, and over 90% of the agents are sulfydryl compounds such as methimazole, mercaptopropionyl glycine, or glutathione. In addition to these compounds, α-lipoic acid (ALA), which is widely used as a health supplement, …
Myelodysplastic syndromes associated with interstitial deletion of chromosome 5q: Clinicopathologic correlations and new insights from the prelenalidomide era
Authors: Shernan G. Holtan, Rafael Santana‐Davila, Gordon W. DeWald, Rhett P. Khetterling, Ryan A. Knudson, James D. Hoyer, Dong Chen, Curtis A. Hanson, Luis Porrata, Ayalew Tefferi, David P. Steensma
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

To better estimate prognosis for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with clonal interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5 (del(5q)), we reviewed the medical records of 130 adults with del(5q) MDS seen at our institution over a 15-year period. Overall median survival of this cohort was 9.5 months, shorter than reported in earlier series. The least favorable outcomes are associated with complex cytogenetics, lack of any normal metaphases, normocytic rather than macrocytic erythrocyte indices, and low baseline lymphocyte counts. Lymphopenia but not neutropenia at the time of diagnosis appears to be a new adverse prognostic indicator. Cytogenetic breakpoints defined by G-banded karyotyping correlate poorly with particular disease features. Surprisingly, survival of patients with treatment-related MDS was equivalent to that of de novo MDS with del(5q) in this series. Morphologic features associated with del(5q) are diverse. Most patients with del(5q) MDS do not meet criteria for WHO-defined 5q-syndrome, and the presence of del(5q) does not appear to modify the clinical phenotype otherwise risk-stratified by the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). Additional important prognostic factors not taken into account by the IPSS include the baseline erythrocyte indices, lymphocyte count, and clonal burden.