tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction: Lead and Cognitive Performance in Children
Authors: Herbert L. Needleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: In 1979 my colleagues and I had an article published in the Journal that reported that asymptomatic children with elevated dentine lead levels had significant cognitive and behavioral deficits after covariate adjustment1. I wish to correct certain errors of reporting that I made. In my study, we used lead levels in teeth as the measure of lead exposure and attempted to collect multiple specimens from each subject. I reported that if three teeth from a given subject were analyzed, the lead levels in all three had to be in agreement for the subject to be included . . .
Abstract 4485: Anticancer properties of novel rhenium compounds against human cancer cell lines.
Authors: Hirendra N. Banerjee, Deidre Vaughan, Jewe Medley, Gwyn Hyman, Christopher Krauss, Carl Parson, Santosh Mandal, Pola Olczak, Michael Mbagu, Divine Kebulu, Saroj Pramanik, Fazlul Sarkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and related metallodrugs are extensively being used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Unfortunately these drugs are highly toxic and tumor becomes drug-resistance. These circumstances have led researchers to look for new cytotoxic agents that may exhibit less toxicity and devoid of drug resistance. It is believed that cisplatin and related drugs directly bind to genomic DNA through purine bases. Synthesis of new metallodrugs which does not follow the above mechanism of action might yield better drugs with less toxicity and devoid of drug resistance. Recently we have demonstrated that several anticancer rhenium compounds do not directly bind to DNA. We have synthesized numerous rhenium pentylcarbonato and acetylsalicylato complexes which include (CO)3(2,2’-Bipyridyl)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-1), (CO)3(1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-2), (CO)3(5-Methyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)Re ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-3), (CO)3(2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-4), (CO)3(5,6-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-5), (CO)3(4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-6), (CO)3(2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)Re ReOC(O)OC5H11 (PC-7), (CO)3(2,2’-Bipyridyl)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-1), (CO)3(1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3, (ASP-2), (CO)3(5-Methyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-3), (CO)3(2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-4), (CO)3(5,6-Dimethyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-5), (CO)3(4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-6), (CO)3(2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-Diphenyl-1,10-Phenanthroline)ReOC(O)C6H4·C(O)OCH3 (ASP-7). The anticancer properties of the compounds were evaluated using human prostate, alveolar lung, brain, colon, and leukemia cancer cell lines and normal bone marrow cell lines. The results of this study demonstrate that these complexes have significant anticancer properties. Therefore, these complexes can potentially find applications in the treatment of these cancers. Acknowledgment. The work at MSU was partially supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. G11HD038439) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Grant No. NRC-HQ-12-G-27-0086). The work at ECSU-UNC was partially supported by grant from the Department of Energy (TMCF/DOE grant). Citation Format: Hirendra N. Banerjee, Deidre Vaughan, Jewe Medley, Gwyn Hyman, Christopher Krauss, Carl Parson, Santosh Mandal, Pola Olczak, Michael Mbagu, Divine Kebulu, Saroj Pramanik, Fazlul Sarkar. Anticancer properties of novel rhenium compounds against human cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4485. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4485
An Address ON THE CLINICAL TYPES OF CONVULSIVE SEIZURES IN VERY YOUNG BABIES: With a Special Consideration of the so-called "Idiopathic Convulsions of Early Infancy," and their Treatment
Authors: J. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1921)

FOR SICK CHILDREN.THERE are few clinical phenomena more familiar to us as medical practitioners tllan the convulsions of infancy, and very few wlhich present more features of interest.We have learned many tlhings about their causation and results, but there is still a great deal waiting for us to find out by careful clinical observation, as well as by the, to some extent, more exact methods of the laboratory.You will therefore, I hope, agree witlh me that they form a theme to which we may profitably turn our thoughts for a short time.As the subject of infantile convulsions in general is ratlher large and many-sided to be considered adequately in one lecture, I propose to limit my remarks to a consideration of the causation, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of those varieties of convulsive -seizure which may be met with in very young children-those of three months old and under-and to draw your attention particularly to the clinical features, treatment and etiology of a type of so-called "idiopatlhic convulsions" in little babies which presents a number of points of especial interest.One small detail regarding the incidence of fits in infants at tlhis age may be noticed in passing-namely, that, in spite of the frequency of birth injury to the brain, wlhich acts as a cause of convulsions mainly in the first week, and the occurrence of certain other forms of convul- sions in young babies which are rarely present in later infancy, fits are less common in tlle early weeks of life than in older infants.Probably the main reason of this is that spasmophilia, which has sucli a strong effect in producing a convulsive tendency, is never seen before the third and only rarely before the fifth month.The accompanying table and chart show the frequency with wlhich fir-st convulsions occurred at different age periods in 4,348 clhildren under 4 who attended my out.patient clinic many years ago.Percentage of Cases of Convilsions beginning in different Six-month Periods, amiong 4,348 Out-patients uinder Four Years old.
Non-pharmacological options may have role in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: P. Alonso-Coello
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Cranney's editorial thoroughly covered the pharmacological options available for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.1 Non-pharmacological treatments may also have a role, given the uncertainties in managing osteoporosis.

Exercise is a simple intervention that can be advised for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and is beneficial for other health …
A CONSIDERATION OF SOME OF THE SO-CALLED OBSCURE CAUSES OF STERILITY
Authors: GERARD L. MOENCH
Journal: JAMA (1930)

While in many married couples the cause of sterility is easy enough to determine, and aspermia, azoospermia or closed fallopian tubes at once explain the childlessness, there are other cases in which the source of the disturbance of fertility is much harder to locate. In such cases, if nothing else can be found wrong with either the husband or the wife, the so-called obscure causes of sterility are often invoked. It is these causes that I will consider here. Generally they are classified as selective fertility and incompatibility of the sexual partners due to (<i>a</i>) cervical secretions; (<i>b</i>) vaginal acidity; (<i>c</i>) sperm immunity, or (<i>d</i>) psychic causes. <h3>SELECTIVE FERTILITY</h3> Selective fertility has also been called relative infertility, or relative sterility and incompatibility of the sexual partners. Since sterility and fertility are practically always relative and rarely absolute, I have coined the term selective fertility as being, I believe, more descriptive
Membrane Ganglioside Enrichment Lowers the Threshold for Vascular Endothelial Cell Angiogenic Signaling
Authors: Yihui Liu, James McCarthy, Stephan Ladisch
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Malignant tumor progression depends on angiogenesis, requiring vascular endothelial cell migration, and proliferation, triggered by tumor-derived vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). We show that gangliosides, which are actively shed by tumor cells and bind to normal cells in the tumor microenvironment, have the potential to sensitize vascular endothelial cells to respond to subthreshold levels of VEGF: Ganglioside enrichment of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) caused very low, normally barely stimulatory, VEGF concentrations to trigger robust VEGF receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation, as well as activation of downstream signaling pathways, and cell proliferation and migration. Thus, by dramatically lowering the threshold for growth factor activation of contiguous normal stromal cells, shed tumor gangliosides may promote tumor progression by causing these normal cells to become increasingly autonomous from growth factor requirements by a process that we term tumor-induced progression of the microenvironment. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10408-14)
Hilar Mossy Cell Degeneration Causes Transient Dentate Granule Cell Hyperexcitability and Impaired Pattern Separation
Authors: Seiichiro Jinde, Veronika Zsiros, Zhihong Jiang, Kazuhito Nakao, James Pickel, Kenji Kohno, Juan E. Belforte, Kazu Nakazawa
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Tumor specificity and therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizer-encapsulated glycol chitosan-based nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: So Jin Lee, Kyeongsoon Park, Yu-Kyoung Oh, Seung-Hae Kwon, Songwook Her, In-San Kim, Kuiwon Choi, Sung Jun Lee, Hoyoung Kim, Se Geun Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Clinical Evaluation of a New Oral Anticoagulant "Sintrom"
Authors: EMMETT C. NEILL, RICHARD Y. MOON, JOSEPH B. VANDER VEER
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The clinical results in 100 patients treated for thromboembolic disorders were compared with 100 similar patients treated with Dicumarol. The rate of induction, ability to maintain a constant therapeutic level, and duration of action were especially considered. Induction and maintenance dosage were determined by clinical trial.
"Benign" Hematuria with Focal Glomerulitis in Adults
Authors: ELIZABETH D. LABOVITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Pediatricians have reported benign hematuria owing to focal glomerulitis of unknown cause in children with normal blood pressure and glomerular filtration rates. Because a few reports have suggested that a similar benign syndrome occurs in adults, we undertook a prospective and retrospective study of 21 patients, ages 14 to 41 years, who initially fulfilled the following criteria: recurrent or persistent gross or microscopic hematuria, normal blood pressure, normal serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance, 24-hour urine protein excretion not exceeding 1 g, absence of known causes of glomerulonephritis or nonglomerular causes of hematuria, and renal biopsy changes of focal, local glomerular hypercellularity. Eighteen patients were reevaluated 0.83 to 11 years after the first episode of hematuria. Of these, 13 had persistent hematuria, but in only 1 patient had 24-hour protein excretion risen, from 790 mg to 2.2 g. Five of those re-evaluated had normal urinalyses and protein excretion. In all patients reevaluated blood pressure, serum creatinine levels and creatinine clearance were normal. The short-term prognosis (2 to 10 years) is therefore excellent for adults with hematuria, minimal proteinuria, and idiopathic focal glomerulitis who have normal blood pressure and renal function.
Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Altered Nasal Responses to Live Attenuated Influenza Virus
Authors: Terry L. Noah, Haibo Zhou, Jane Monaco, Katie Horvath, Margaret Herbst, Ilona Jaspers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Epidemiologic evidence links tobacco smoke and increased risk for influenza in humans, but the specific host defense pathways involved are unclear.We developed a model to examine influenza-induced innate immune responses in humans and test the hypothesis that exposure to cigarette smoke alters nasal inflammatory and antiviral responses to live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV).This was an observational cohort study comparing nasal mucosal responses to LAIV among young adult active smokers (n = 17), nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS; n = 20), and unexposed controls (n = 23). Virus RNA and inflammatory factors were measured in nasal lavage fluids (NLF) serially after LAIV inoculation. For key end points, peak and total (area under curve) responses were compared among groups.Compared with controls, NLF interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses to LAIV (peak and total) were suppressed in smokers. Virus RNA in NLF cells was significantly increased in smokers, as were interferon-inducible protein 10:virus ratios. Responses in SHS-exposed subjects were generally intermediate between controls and smokers. We observed significant associations between urine cotinine and NLF IL-6 responses (negative correlation) or virus RNA in NLF cells (positive correlation) for all subjects combined.Nasal inoculation with LAIV results in measurable inflammatory and antiviral responses in human volunteers, thus providing a model for investigating environmental effects on influenza infections in humans. Exposure to cigarette smoke was associated with suppression of specific nasal inflammatory and antiviral responses, as well as increased virus quantity, after nasal inoculation with LAIV. These data suggest mechanisms for increased susceptibility to influenza infection among persons exposed to tobacco smoke.
Abstract 4193: Treatment of malignant gliomas with systemic rapamycin and convection-enhanced delivery of nanoliposomal CPT-11
Authors: Mendiburu-Eliçabe Marina, Piotr Hadaczek, John Forsayeth, Krystof Bankiewicz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Combined therapy of rapamycin and nanoliposomal irinotecan (nLs-CPT-11) was used in the treatment of U87-MG intracranial brain tumor model looking for an improvement in the survival in comparison to animals that received only single-agent therapy. The prognosis for patients with malignant gliomas has remained dismal, and the median survival for patients with glioblastomas is still less than one year after prognosis despite multidisciplinary use of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Combination of two agents had start to be an encouraging option to treat glioblastomas giving better results when two different molecules implicate in tumor progress are inhibited instead than only one. Clinical trials with convection-enhanced delivery (CED) have opened a new window in neuro-oncology to the direct delivery of chemotherapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS), circumventing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reducing side effects. In this study, we evaluated a combination of nLs-CPT-11 and rapamycin to enhance efficacy in brain tumor xenograft models, and to establish a combination treatment (systemic rapamycin and CED nLs-CPT-11) capable of improving survival from malignant brain tumors. CPT-11 suppress activity of a key enzyme involved in tumor cell replication, topoisomerase I. Rapamycin inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway implied in the regulation of the cell proliferation, cell growth, differentiation, migration and survival. In vitro toxicity experiments were carried out with U87-MG and U251-MG cells. An in vivo survival study was performed for intracranial brain tumor xenograft. The combination displayed excellent efficacy in a survival study 7 days after tumor implantation. Animals in the control group had a median survival of less than 20 days, whereas the combination group triplicates the median survival, surviving at least 70 days all the animals. We conclude that CED of nLs-CPT-11 and systemic rapamycin may be an effective treatment option for malignant gliomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4193.
809. Suppression of Human Pancreatic Cancer Growth by Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor (PEDF)
Authors: Pranay D. Khare, Nils Loewen, Eric M. Poeschla
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Most patients are diagnosed after metastasis to adjacent organs and blood vessels. Angiogenesis, which is required to for solid tumor growth beyond 1-2 mm3, plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been identified as the main inhibitor of retinal angiogenesis. Subsequently, PEDF has been shown to critically regulate the vasculature and mass of the pancreas. Here we examined the feasibility of using lentiviral vector-expressed human PEDF gene to treat human pancreatic tumor cell line-derived tumors in a murine model. Mono-cistronic FIV vectors encoding human PEDF or a control protein (eGFP) with each gene linked to neoR via an IRES, were used. PEDF protein produced from transduced cells and direct application of PEDF vector significantly reduced angiogenesis (63% inhibition compared to control) in a capillary formation assay using human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay (14% angiogenesis index compared to control index of 64%). Enhanced HUVEC apoptosis was also observed. We examined the therapeutic efficacy of injected PEDF and control vectors on established human pancreatic tumor xenografts in nude mice. Significant anti-tumor effects and prolonged overall survival benefit was observed in PEDF vector-treated mice (> 80% tumor reduction after 1- 2 × 10^7 TU at day 30 post injection). PEDF vector-treated animals survived 52±2 days compared to 30±3 days with control vector, n = 16 in each group. Tumors treated with PEDF vector had enhanced apoptosis and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 expression. We also studied tumor formation by stable pancreatic cell lines derived by transduction with PEDF and control vectors and G418 selection. PEDF secreted from these stable tumor cell lines was shown to be biologically active in the in vitro assays and a significant antitumor effect and prolonged overall survival benefit was seen. However, injection of vectors into established tumors had a better therapeutic effect than pre-transducing and selecting cells prior to establishing tumors, and this correlated with up-regulation of VEGFR-1 in the stable tumor cell lines. PEDF is a promising transgene for pancreatic cancer gene therapy.
Reading, Writing and Arithmetic — Some Thoughts on Medical Journalism
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

WE physicians will have medical journals with us for some time, for like newspapers, they give us each week or month the promise of something new. Like a newspaper, a journal can be held close, embraced even,1 and does not keep as remote as television screen or microfiche; the journal belongs to the reader alone. In the East at least, the New England Journal of Medicine is like the New York Times, whose arrival breaks the day's activities. As soon stop breathing as leave the Times on the front walk or the Journal brown-wrapped on the desk. I must . . .
Urine Arsenic Concentrations and Species Excretion Patterns in American Indian Communities Over a 10-year Period: The Strong Heart Study
Authors: Ana Navas-Acien, Jason G. Umans, Barbara V. Howard, Walter Goessler, Kevin A. Francesconi, Ciprian M. Crainiceanu, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Eliseo Guallar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Arsenic exposure in drinking water disproportionately affects small communities in some U.S. regions, including American Indian communities. In U.S. adults with no seafood intake, median total urine arsenic is 3.4 microg/L.We evaluated arsenic exposure and excretion patterns using urine samples collected over 10 years in a random sample of American Indians from Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota who participated in a cohort study from 1989 to 1999.We measured total urine arsenic and arsenic species [inorganic arsenic (arsenite and arsenate), methylarsonate (MA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and arsenobetaine] concentrations in 60 participants (three urine samples each, for a total of 180 urine samples) using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/ICPMS, respectively.Median (10th, 90th percentiles) urine concentration for the sum of inorganic arsenic, MA, and DMA at baseline was 7.2 (3.1, 16.9) microg/g creatinine; the median was higher in Arizona (12.5 microg/g), intermediate in the Dakotas (9.1 microg/g), and lower in Oklahoma (4.4 microg/g). The mean percentage distribution of arsenic species over the sum of inorganic and methylated species was 10.6% for inorganic arsenic, 18.4% for MA, and 70.9% for DMA. The intraclass correlation coefficient for three repeated arsenic measurements over a 10-year period was 0.80 for the sum of inorganic and methylated species and 0.64, 0.80, and 0.77 for percent inorganic arsenic, percent MA, and percent DMA, respectively.This study found low to moderate inorganic arsenic exposure and confirmed long-term constancy in arsenic exposure and urine excretion patterns in American Indians from three U.S. regions over a 10-year period. Our findings support the feasibility of analyzing arsenic species in large population-based studies with stored urine samples.
The Royal Society of Medicine — The Ban on Heroin
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN the year 1773 the Medical Society of London was created so that physicians might exchange views and compare their observations with those of others. Many similar societies were formed at about the same time, and although the Medical Society of London still flourishes as one of the most honorable of the profession, it is because of a few stormy passages in its early days that the Royal Society of Medicine can trace its origin to the year 1805.It seems that the influence of a certain Dr. James Sims began to dominate the activities of the Medical Society of . . .
Sex, Lives, and Chlamydia Rates
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Perhaps the oldest recorded instance of infertility is recounted in Genesis 16:2, "Now Sarah, Abraham's wife, bore him no children...." Sarah eventually gave birth at the biblical age of 90 years, and it was unlikely that her earlier inability to become pregnant was the result of a sexually transmitted disease (STD). However, for an estimated 5% to 40% of women today who have experienced pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility will be the likely sequelae to a sexually transmitted infection.<sup>1</sup> "Pelvic inflammatory disease" poorly describes a number of infectious conditions, namely, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, salpingo-oophoritis, peritonitis, or perihepatitis. Although PID results from infection with a variety of organisms, it is<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>that has raised recent concern, because of its apparent epidemic rise in the last decade, accounting for 40% of hospitalized cases of PID in the United States,<sup>2</sup>because of the increase in PID itself (an incidence of