tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of CD11b/CD18 to the neutrophil surface and adherence-dependent cell locomotion.
Authors: B J Hughes, J C Hollers, E Crockett-Torabi, C W Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Chemotactic stimulation of neutrophils results in translocation of CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) from intracellular storage pools to the cell surface. Though results from several laboratories indicate that the newly arrived surface Mac-1 is not involved in the adherence induced by the initial stimulus, the present study addresses the hypothesis that this Mac-1 plays a role in subsequent adherence-dependent functions. The response of human neutrophils to changing concentrations of a chemotactic stimulus was evaluated by determining the amount of newly arrived surface Mac-1, and Mac-1-dependent adhesion and locomotion. Small step-wise increases in the concentration of f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) resulted in proportional stepwise increases in surface Mac-1 that plateaued within 2-4 min. This newly arrived Mac-1 supported adhesion to protein-coated surfaces only when the cells were exposed to an additional increase in the FMLP stimulus level. Adherence-dependent cellular locomotion was evaluated in chambers that allowed rapid changes in the stimulus concentration. Repeated small increments in the stimulus level at 200-s intervals resulted in significantly longer migration paths than a single-step increase in the stimulus. The results support the hypothesis that small increments in the chemotactic stimulus bring Mac-1 to the cell surface, and this newly mobilized Mac-1 is available for adherence-dependent locomotion with subsequent increases in the concentration of the stimulus.
"Hardly worth the effort"? Medical journals' policies and their editors' and publishers' views on trial registration and publication bias: quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: E. Wager, P. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Autoxidation of <i>para</i>-aminophenol (PAP) has been proposed to account for the selective nephrotoxicity of this compound. However, other studies suggest that hepatic metabolites of PAP rather than the parent compound may be responsible for renal damage. These studies were designed to investigate PAP metabolism in isolated hepatocytes. We synthesized several proposed metabolites for analysis by HPLC/mass spectrometry and compared those results with HPLC/mass spectrometric analyses of metabolites found after incubating hepatocytes with PAP. Hepatocytes prepared from male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37°C for 5 h with 2.3 mM PAP under an atmosphere of 5% CO<sub>2</sub>/95% O<sub>2</sub>. Aliquots were withdrawn at 0.1 h of incubation and then hourly through 5 h of incubation. Reactions were terminated by the addition of acetonitrile. Hepatocyte viability was unaltered with PAP present in the incubation medium. We found that hepatocytes converted PAP to two major metabolites (PAP-GSH conjugates and PAP-<i>N</i>-acetylcysteine conjugates) and several minor metabolites [PAP-<i>O</i>-glucuronide, acetaminophen (APAP), APAP-<i>O</i>-glucuronide, APAP-GSH conjugates, and 4-hydroxyformanilide]. Preincubating hepatoyctes with 1-aminobenzotriazole, an inhibitor of cytochromes P450, did not alter the pattern of PAP metabolism. In conclusion, we found that PAP was metabolized in hepatocytes predominantly to PAP-GSH conjugates and PAP-<i>N</i>-acetylcysteine conjugates in sufficient quantities to account for the nephrotoxicity of PAP.
Abstract 1458: Hyperthermia and radiotherapy in combination with curcumin prevent tumor cell migration and progression of breast cancer
Authors: Mohan Natarajan, Sheeja Aravindan, Terence S. Herman, Natarajan Aravindan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We have demonstrated that hyperthermia (HT)-induced nitric oxide regulates NF-kB, and that potentiates radiotherapy (RT)-induced breast cancer cell death. As a follow-up, in this study we investigated the efficacy of pharmacologically-safe bioactive curcumin (CUR) in combination with HT and therapeutic doses of radiation in regulating breast cancer progression. Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells were either mock-irradiated, exposed to 2Gy (IR), exposed to HT (43oC for 1 h) and /or treated with CUR in the presence or absence of radiation exposure. The treated/irradiated cells were examined for (i) transcriptional modulations of ninety three molecules that are directly involved in tumor invasion and metastasis; (ii) cellular localization of cMYC, p65, p53, MMP2 and MMP9; (iii) cellular migration; (iv) metabolic activity and (v) cell death. Compared to mock-IR control, QPCR profiling demonstrated a significant modulation of tumor invasion and metastasis molecules in IR exposed cells. Conversely, combinations like ‘HT with IR’, ‘CUR with IR’ or ‘CUR with HT’ robustly inhibited IR-induced and in parallel conferred IR suppressed tumor invasion and metastasis molecules in this setting. More importantly, CUR combined with both HT and IR significantly inhibited (through blocking seventy four genes) tumor invasion and metastasis molecules. Scratch wound assay demonstrated complete inhibition of tumor cell migration in CUR-HT-IR exposed cells as opposed to every stand alone and combinations investigated. Likewise, cytotoxic assay, MTT showed a significant cell killing with CUR-HT-IR exposure compared to all other groups. Furthermore, we observed significant and robust apoptotic characteristics in CUR-HT-IR exposed cells. These data together with our earlier report clearly demonstrate that CUR in combination with HT and IR may significantly inhibit breast cancer progression through combinatorial regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis molecules. The findings further imply that CUR may significantly enhance the IR dose reduction factor at least for the treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1458. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1458
Remembering childhood atopic dermatitis as an adult: factors that influence recollection
Authors: C. Moberg, B. Meding, B. Stenberg, Å. Svensson, M. Lindberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is common in the population, and studies have shown that the disease is on the increase. Studies based on hospital records reflect selected populations and may miss less severe cases of AD, and the use of self‐reported questionnaires has the drawback of recall bias. Objectives To investigate some possible factors influencing recall bias when questionnaires are used to establish the prevalence of childhood eczema in an adult population. Methods A questionnaire regarding past and present eczema was sent to 557 cases (with signs suggesting the diagnosis AD) and 554 matched controls (subjects lacking signs of AD) born during 1960–1969 and identified in school health medical records. Cases and controls were aged 31–42 years at the time of the study and 70·5% returned the questionnaire. Results Of 403 cases, 29% did not report childhood eczema in the questionnaire. There was a difference between those who did recall their childhood AD (remembering group, RG), and those who did not (forgetful group, FG) in who had documented the diagnostic signs in the school health records. In the RG the signs were reported by both parents and school health personnel in 51% of cases, and in the FG this was true of only 16%. The RG had a higher prevalence of eczema after 15 years of age and of hand eczema. The RG also reported more visits to physicians after the age of 15 years and more time taken as sick leave due to eczema. Conclusions Several factors influence how well people remember their AD in childhood. These factors include disease activity in adult life, disease severity, and who noticed the eczema in childhood.
The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure
Authors: Nicholas Murphy, Georg Auzinger, William Bernel, Julia Wendon
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare condition characterized by the development of encephalopathy in the absence of chronic liver disease. Cerebral edema occurs in up to 80% of patients with Grade IV encephalopathy. In the current prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, we examined the effect of induced hypernatremia on the incidence of intracranial hypertension (IH) in patients with ALF. Thirty patients with ALF and Grade III or IV encephalopathy were randomized. Patients in Group 1 ( n = 15) received the normal standard of care. Patients in Group 2 ( n = 15) received standard care and hypertonic saline (30%) via infusion to maintain serum sodium levels of 145-155 mmol/L. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored in all patients with a subdural catheter (Camino Systems, San Diego, CA) for up to 72 hours after inclusion. Serum sodium levels became significantly different from the levels observed in the control group at 6 hours ( P &lt; .01). Over the first 24 hours, norepinephrine dose increased relative to baseline in the control group ( P &lt; .001; 13 patients) but not in the treatment group. ICP decreased significantly relative to baseline over the first 24 hours in the treatment group ( P = .003; 13 patients) but not in the control group. The incidence of IH, defined as a sustained increase in ICP to a level of 25 mm Hg or greater, was significantly higher in the control group ( P = .04). In conclusion, induction and maintenance of hypernatremia can reduce the incidence and severity of IH in patients presenting with ALF. (Hepatology 2004;39:464-470.)
Disease in children infected with HIV in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
Authors: S. B Lucas, C. S Peacock, A. Hounnou, K. Brattegaard, K. Koffi, M. Honde, J. Andoh, J. Bell, K. M De Cock
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To document the range of disease in African children infected with HIV. <b>Design</b>: Necropsy results in consecutive children aged 1 month or more who were HIV positive and in children who were HIV negative for comparison; IgA western blots on serum samples from children under 2 years of age who were positive for HIV-1 to test the validity of routine HIV serology. <b>Setting</b>: Largest hospital in Abidjan, Cote d9Ivoire. <b>Subjects</b>: 78 children who were HIV positive and 77 children who were HIV negative on whom a necropsy was performed; their median ages at death were 18 and 21 months respectively. 36 HIV positive children and 29 HIV negative children were 1-14 months old; 42 HIV positive and 48 HIV negative children were &gt;/=15 months old. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Cause of death and prevalence of diseases confirmed pathologically. <b>Results</b>: Respiratory tract infections were more common in HIV positive than in HIV negative children (73 (94%) v 52 (68%); P&lt;0.05), and were aetiologically heterogeneous. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was found in 11 out of 36 (31%) HIV positive children aged &lt;15 months, but in no HIV negative children. Among older children measles was more common in HIV positive children (8/42 (19%) v 2/48 (4%); P&lt;0.06). Pyogenic meningitis was present in similar proportions of HIV positive and HIV negative children aged &lt;15 months (7/36 (19%) and 7/29 (24%)). In HIV positive children tuberculosis (1/78), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (1/78), and HIV encephalitis (2/78) were rare. <b>Conclusions</b>: There is greater overlap between diseases associated with HIV infection and other common health problems in African children than there is in adults. Compared with adults, HIV positive children had a high prevalence of P carinii pneumonia and a low prevalence of tuberculosis. Measles, but not malaria, was associated with HIV infection. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages In regions with a poor clinical infrastructure necropsy provides information that cannot be obtained otherwise This survey of children aged under 1 month to 12 years who died in Abidjan, Cote d9Ivoire, found that a fifth were positive for HIV infection with a median age at death of 18 months Almost a third of HIV positive children under 15 months old had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a rate similar to that found in affected children in industrialised countries but much higher than the rate in affected adults in Abidjan Measles was more common in children who were HIV positive, suggesting that vaccination would be a feasible intervention
French doctors criticise new bioethics law
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The French medical association the Conseil de l'Ordre des Medecins has issued a statement criticising bioethics legislation adopted last July for not recognising the legal status of the embryo. The association claims that under the new law an embryo could be regarded as an object that could be disposed of and subjected to manipulations.

Dr Olivier Dubois, secretary general of the association, said that the decision to issue a statement reflected a concern that the legislation had not given a satisfactory answer to a problem that preoccupied many physicians who may be involved in abortion, embryo …
Diagnosing Endocarditis in Patients With<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia—Reply
Authors: Thomas L. Holland, Vance G. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atrophic Skin Patches With Abnormal Elastic Fibers as a Presenting Sign of the MASS Phenotype Associated With Mutation in the Fibrillin 1 Gene
Authors: Reuven Bergman, Mariela Judith Nevet, Hadas Gescheidt-Shoshany, Allen L. Pimienta, Eyal Reinstein
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a dominantly inherited disorder of connective tissue caused by mutations in the fibrillin 1 gene (FBN1). The most common skin finding in MFS is striae distensae. Particular individuals referred for suspected MFS who do not completely fulfill the MFS diagnostic criteria are classified as having a MASS phenotype. The acronym represents the following manifestations: a prolapsed mitral valve, myopia, aortic root enlargement, and skeletal and skin manifestations. Mutations in FBN1 have been shown to be associated in some cases with the MASS phenotype. Skin manifestations may be an important clue to the diagnosis of these disorders.We studied a patient referred for unusual atrophic skin patches on the buttocks. Results of histopathological examination and electron microscopy demonstrated markedly abnormal elastic fibers. Subsequent medical genetics evaluation led ultimately to the diagnosis of the MASS phenotype and the discovery of an underlying FBN1 mutation.Although the clinical suspicion and diagnosis of MFS and related disorders are usually established by its main associated clinical features, including ophthalmologic, skeletal, and vascular involvement, clinicians should be aware of the associated skin manifestations, including unusual atrophic patches with abnormal elastic fibers that can sometimes be the first noted sign of the genetic disorder.
Glucocorticoid-regulated microRNAs and mirtrons in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: J Rainer, C Ploner, S Jesacher, A Ploner, M Eduardoff, M Mansha, M Wasim, R Panzer-Grümayer, Z Trajanoski, H Niederegger, R Kofler
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
A View From South of the Border
Authors: James E. Greer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

JUST who are the American men and women who study medicine in Guadalajara? Why are they here, what sort of education are they receiving, and how do they feel about living and studying in Mexico? Most important, what will become of them when they complete their studies and return home? A great deal of attention has been given to these questions of late in an attempt to evaluate this potential source of medical manpower, and the results have not always been clear. This is a view from the inside. The only common factor uniting the American students at the Autonomous University of Guadalajara (UAG) is a desire to learn medicine so strong that they have left their homes to study in a foreign land and an unfamiliar language. This may entail hardships that would be considered extraordinary for a medical student at home, but this experience may also result in
Clinical Cardiogenic Shock. Vasopressor Versus Corticoid Therapy.
Authors: Leonard S. Schultz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Clinical Cardiogenic Shock. Vasopressor Versus Corticoid Therapy.Leonard S. Schultz, M.D., Ronald H. Dietzman, M.D., George J. Motsay, M.D., Lloyde Romero, M.D., Charles Beckman, M.D., Richard C. Lillehei, M.D., Ph.D.Leonard S. Schultz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ronald H. Dietzman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, George J. Motsay, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Lloyde Romero, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles Beckman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard C. Lillehei, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-867_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNinety-five patients in clinical cardiogenic shock (Group I: cardiac index, ≤ 2 litre/min·m2body surface area; systolic blood pressure, ≤ 90 mm Hg) and 20 in impending cardiogenic shock (Group II: cardiac index, ≤ 3.0 litres/min·m2body surface area; systolic blood pressure, ≤ 90 mm Hg) were studied. Sixty-seven patients in Group I were given massive corticoid treatment (methylprednisolone (M-P), intravenously, mg/kg body weight) as primary therapy, whereas the rest received methylprednisolone with a vasopressor infusion of levarteranol, 4 μg/kg body weight·min. Therapy was either randomly selected or specifically requested by the patient's personal physician. Group II was given intravenous... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBeneficial metabolic effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in acute myocardial ischemia 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 867-868KeywordsBlood pressureBody surface areaBody weightShockSystolic pressureVasopressors Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Use of Transient Elastography and FibroTest for Monitoring Hepatotoxicity in Patients Receiving Methotrexate for Psoriasis
Authors: Maeve Lynch, Eleanor Higgins, P. Aiden McCormick, Brian Kirby, Niamh Nolan, Sarah Rogers, Aoife Lally, Akke Vellinga, Haniza Omar, Paul Collins
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> There is a need for noninvasive tools to monitor hepatotoxicity in patients with psoriasis who are receiving methotrexate sodium. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the use of transient elastography (TE) and FibroTest (FibroSURE in the United States), an indirect serum marker of fibrosis, in this population. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Patients receiving methotrexate therapy for psoriasis between January 2008 and September 2009 were recruited from a dermatology outpatient department. Transient elastography and FibroTest were performed, and patients with abnormal results were considered for liver biopsy. Serial procollagen III peptide (PIIINP) results were recorded. <h3>Interventions</h3> Transient elastography uses pulse-echo ultrasonography to measure liver stiffness, and this result is an indirect measure of hepatic fibrosis. FibroTest is an indirect serum marker of hepatic fibrosis. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Procollagen III peptide, TE, and FibroTest results, as well as the need for liver biopsy in this cohort. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy-seven patients (41 male [53%]) were included. Fifty (65%) patients had a valid TE assessment, and 9 (18%) had an abnormal result (range, 7.1-11.3 kPa). Being overweight or obese increased the possibility of obtaining an invalid TE result significantly (<i>P</i> = .01). On univariate analysis body mass index (<i>r</i> = 0.40,<i>P</i> = .005) and age (<i>r</i> = 0.52,<i>P</i> = .005) were correlated with abnormal TE results. Seventy-one patients received a FibroTest and 11 of 70 analyzed (16%) had an abnormal result (METAVIR score &gt;F1). Age (<i>r</i> = 0.31,<i>P</i> = .009), cumulative methotrexate dose (<i>r</i> = 0.31,<i>P</i> = .01), and duration of methotrexate therapy (<i>r</i> = 0.36,<i>P</i> = .002) were correlated with abnormal FibroTest results. There was no correlation between PIIINP levels and TE results or between PIIINP levels and FibroTest results. Steatosis was demonstrated in all 5 patients who received liver biopsies during the study. Two patients had hepatic fibrosis, with 1 showing a sinusoidal pattern of fibrosis attributed to steatohepatitis. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Transient elastography and FibroTest are effective noninvasive tools for monitoring hepatotoxicity in patients receiving methotrexate for psoriasis. We propose that the need for liver biopsy could be reduced if abnormalities in at least 2 tests (serial PIIINP, TE, or FibroTest) are required before biopsy is considered. This strategy should be evaluated in prospective studies.
The Importance of Variant Insertions of the Ligamentum Teres Hepatis in the Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Authors: K. Friedrich, H.-M. Vogel, H. Henning
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

Within the framework of a prospective study, we were able to establish that in 50 per cent of 220 patients submitted to laparoscopy, the ligamentum teres hepatis did not run from the porta hepatis directly to the umbilicus, but to a point of insertion craniad to the umbilicus in the median line of the anterior abdominal wall.
Cost-effectiveness study of outpatient physiotherapy after medial meniscectomy.
Authors: D P Forster, C E Frost
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In a randomised controlled trial comparing the outcome of two groups of men aged 16-45 one group received outpatient physiotherapy after medial meniscectomy and the other did not. In clinical aspects of knee function there was no significant difference between the test group and control group measured at specified intervals up to 26 weeks postoperatively. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the groups in the time taken to return to work or in the mean fall in take-home pay as a result of meniscectomy. The mean cost per patient of providing outpatient physiotherapy in the test group was 23 pounds at 1976 prices. Thus the least costly way of returning male patients aged 16-45 to activity is by not providing routine outpatient physiotherapy after medial meniscectomy. Further randomised controlled trials are, however, required to determine the value of physiotherapy in other age groups and other conditions.