tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clearance by the liver in cirrhosis. I. Relationship between propranolol metabolism in vitro and its extraction by the perfused liver in the rat
Authors: Daphna Fenyves, Louise Gariépy, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

To delineate the factors responsible for impaired clearance in cirrhosis, we examined propranolol disposition in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and compared it with that in control animals, rats treated with chlorpromazine (an inhibitor of propranolol metabolism) and rats with acute liver injury. We measured the extraction ratio of propranolol by the isolated perfused liver and related it to estimates of propranolol drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in homogenates of the same livers. In control animals, drug-metabolizing enzyme activity (measured as the ratio Vmax/Km) averaged 5,319 +/- 1,193 ml/min; the extraction ratio in the perfused liver was close to 1.0 (0.97 +/- 0.01). Important decreases of microsomal enzyme activity were observed in rats treated with chlorpromazine (30 +/- 27 ml/min, p < 0.001) and in rats with acute liver injury (724 +/- 401 ml/min, p < 0.001), accounting for the decrease in the hepatic extraction ratio by the perfused liver (0.33 +/- 0.09 and 0.71 +/- 0.04, respectively, p < 0.01). In cirrhotic livers, enzyme activity was not significantly different from that of controls (3,592 +/- 1,857 ml/min) and could not account for the observed decrease in extraction (0.66 +/- 0.14, p < 0.01). The extraction of antipyrine by the isolated perfused liver was also measured as an index of microsomal enzyme activity and related to propranolol extraction. Antipyrine extraction was decreased by 90% in acute liver injury, compared with 33% in cirrhosis, suggesting a much greater reduction of microsomal enzyme activity in the former group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: UTE PORN, ROBERT HOWMAN-GILES, ELLA ONIKUL, ROGER UREN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

PORN, UTE M.D.*; HOWMAN-GILES, ROBERT M.D., F.R.A.C.P.*; ONIKUL, ELLA M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.R.†; UREN, ROGER M.D., F.R.A.C.P.* Author Information
Breathing pattern, ventilatory drive and respiratory muscle strength in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: N Ambrosino, C Opasich, P Crotti, F Cobelli, L Tavazzi, C Rampulla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether chronic heart failure (CHF) may induce changes in breathing pattern and ventilatory neural drive. We studied 45 male inpatients with CHF, (25 patients in NYHA class II, 20 in class III) and 22 sex-matched post myocardial infarction patients without left ventricular dysfunction who served as controls. CHF patients underwent right heart catheterization and assessment of cardiac output by thermodilution technique. Patients and controls underwent evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction by 2D echocardiography, spirometry, diffusion capacity, blood gases, breathing pattern, mouth occlusion pressure and respiratory muscle strength determination. Results of CHF patients were compared to controls and evaluated for differences according to the degree in severity of functional impairment. CHF patients showed a slight reduction in lung volumes and in diffusion capacity. In CHF neural drive, as assessed by mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1), was significantly increased in comparison to controls (P0.1 = 1.86 (0.7) and 1.4 (0.6) cmH2O in CHF and controls respectively). Analysis of breathing pattern showed only a slight yet significant increase in respiratory frequency while respiratory muscle strength, as assessed by measurement of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP respectively) was slightly reduced (MIP = 79(27) and 104(28); MEP = 111(32) and 142(33) cmH2O respectively). Observed changes were more relevant in patients with advanced NYHA functional classes whereas no relationship among indices of cardiac and respiratory function was found. We conclude that chronic heart failure induces changes in neural ventilatory drive and respiratory muscle strength related to the severity of the disease.
Salt-sensitive hypertension is triggered by Ca2+ entry via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger type-1 in vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Takahiro Iwamoto, Satomi Kita, Jin Zhang, Mordecai P Blaustein, Yuji Arai, Shigeru Yoshida, Koji Wakimoto, Issei Komuro, Takeshi Katsuragi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PURIFICATION
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. Quantitative data are given on the effect of changes in hydrogen ion concentration and of salt solutions of high concentration on certain immune precipitates obtained at lower salt concentration. 2. Advantage is taken of the shift in reaction equilibrium brought about by the salt in the case of pneumococcus carbohydrate-anti-carbohydrate precipitates to enable the preparation, in a single step from unconcentrated serum, of antibody solutions in which up to 93 per cent of the total nitrogen is immune nitrogen. The method permits successive absorptions of a serum to be made with the same specific precipitate. 3. A modification of Felton's alkaline earth hydroxide dissociation procedure is proposed which yields highly purified antibody with precipitates which have been subjected to several successive salt dissociations.
Ombitasvir plus paritaprevir plus ritonavir with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus infection (PEARL-I): a randomised, open-label trial
Authors: Christophe Hézode, Tarik Asselah, K Rajender Reddy, Tarek Hassanein, Marina Berenguer, Katarzyna Fleischer-Stepniewska, Patrick Marcellin, Coleen Hall, Gretja Schnell, Tami Pilot-Matias, Niloufar Mobashery, Rebecca Redman, Regis A Vilchez, Stanislas Pol
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
BIODEGRADABLE IMPLANTS IN FRACTURE FIXATION: EARLY RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE ANKLE
Authors: P. Rokkanen, S. Vainionpää, P. Törmälä, J. Kilpikari, O. Böstman, K. Vihtonen, J. Laiho, M. Tamminmäki
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
REPORT OF UNIQUE CASE OF APPENDICITIS, WITH SOME REMARKS ON TREATMENT.
Authors: JAMES T. JELKS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

On the night of April 26 I received a note from Dr. A. S. Garnett, asking me to see a patient with him, in consultation, a woman with the following history: On the Friday previous she was feeling very well indeed and climbed Hot Springs Mountain with a party of friends. Saturday night she was taken ill with pains in the abdomen, which demanded relief. Dr. G. A. Hebert was called and found her suffering with the pain and a temperature of 100 F. He gave her a dose of morphin hypodermically, which relieved her. Sunday she had some pain, with a temperature of 101 F., and this lasted through that day and night. Monday found her free from fever, with normal pulse, but slightly irritable stomach, and vomiting whatever she took. Her bowels responded to a cathartic Sunday night and Monday morning. Tuesday they refused to move, nausea increased,
Compliance with treatment in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: S. P. Conway, M. N. Pond, T. Hamnett, A. Watson
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic disease comply with about 50% of their treatment. The complex and time consuming daily drug regimens needed in the care of adult patients with cystic fibrosis encourage non-compliance with prescribed treatments. Understanding the reasons for, and the extent of, non-compliance is essential for a realistic appraisal of the patient9s condition and sensible planning of future treatment programmes. METHODS: Patients were invited to complete a questionnaire which asked about their compliance with daily treatment. The data were used to calculate a compliance score, the percentage of prescribed treatment taken, and to examine patient attitudes to each individual prescription. An assessment score derived from consultant, cystic fibrosis research fellow, specialist nurse, and physiotherapist ratings of patient compliance was compared with the compliance score. Both scores were correlated with patient characteristics and disease severity, and the compliance score was also correlated with the patient9s knowledge of cystic fibrosis. RESULTS: More than half the patients claimed to take more than 80% of their treatments. Compliance with individual treatments varied according to their perceived unpleasantness and degree of infringement on daily activities. The most common reason given for omitting treatment was forgetfulness. Professional carers were poor judges of patient compliance. There was no correlation between compliance and patients9 sociodemographic characteristics or their knowledge about cystic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Non-compliance is universal and should be recognised as normal behaviour. There are no reliable criteria for predicting any patient9s level of compliance. Treatment protocols should be planned around individual patient9s requirements, modifying treatment ideals where necessary according to the exigency and pattern of that patient9s lifestyle.
Inquiries after Homicide
Authors: A M P Kellam
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Jill Peay Duckworth, £13.99, pp 182 ISBN 0 7156 2724 4

Are psychiatrists paranoid when they feel that they are expected to accept responsibility for their patients' misdeeds while cynically being denied both the resources and the legal powers to control them? High on the list of factors inducing such feelings are the subjects of this book. Based on a seminar, Inquiries after Homicide explores in detail the many problems associated with such inquiries and suggests some possible solutions.

The various types of inquiry are discussed by several eminent lawyers. They all seem to agree that there is a conflict between fact finding and the protection of …
COMPARISONS OF ONE-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF EVEROLIMUS- VERSUS SIROLIMUS- VERSUS PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Kang-Yin Chen, Seung-Woon Rha, Yong-Jian Li, Guang-Ping Li, Amro Elnagar, Byoung Geol Choi, Sung il Im, Sunwon Kim, Jin Oh Na, Seongwoo Han, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Hong-Seog Seo, Chang Gyu Park, Dong Joo Oh, Myung Ho Jeong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Biopsychobehavioral Model of Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia
Authors: Linda Gonder-Frederick, Daniel Cox, Boris Kovatchev, David Schlundt, William Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

Severe hypoglycemia (SH) is a significant problem for many patients with type I diabetes and presents a major barrier to optimal diabetes control. A critical task facing diabetes research is to understand, predict, and reduce the risk of SH in insulin-treated patients. The purpose of this article is to propose a biopsychobehavioral model of SH risk that integrates and extends previously proposed models. Current biological and psychological models of SH risk, which focus on hormonal counterregulation and symptom awareness, are reviewed. The limitations of these models are also discussed, including their failure to recognize important psychological and behavioral processes that contribute to SH risk. Specifically, the biopsychobehavioral model includes patients' decision-making, judgment, and behavioral responses as significant predictors of SH risk. The proposed model is comprised of seven steps: 1) physiological and behavioral precursors to low blood glucose (BG), 2) low BG occurrence, 3) hormonal and neurological responses to low BG, 4) awareness of symptoms caused by hormonal and neurological changes, 5) detection of low BG, 6) decision-making and judgment, and 7) behavioral response. The model has several advantages, including the ability to mathematically calculate the transitional probabilities from each step to the next as well as the ability to describe SH risk in both hypoglycemia-aware and hypoglycemia-unaware patients. Research findings supporting the biopsychobehavioral model are presented, and its empirical and clinical implications are discussed.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in 200 ascitic cirrhotics: Prevalence, Outcome and recurrence
Authors: D. Conte, P. Bolzoni, C. Mandelli, P. Bodini, A. Cesana, M. Borzio, A. Pisani, G. Minoli, P.A. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF LY3015014, A NEW MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 (PCSK9) WITH AN INHERENTLY LONGER DURATION OF ACTION, IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA: A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, DOSE-RANGING, PHASE 2 STUDY
Authors: John Kastelein, Steven Nissen, Daniel Rader, Kathryn Krueger, Ming-Dauh Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
TIM-4 Glycoprotein-Mediated Degradation of Dying Tumor Cells by Autophagy Leads to Reduced Antigen Presentation and Increased Immune Tolerance
Authors: Muhammad Baghdadi, Akihiro Yoneda, Tsunaki Yamashina, Hiroko Nagao, Yoshihiro Komohara, Shigenori Nagai, Hisaya Akiba, Marc Foretz, Hironori Yoshiyama, Ichiro Kinoshita, Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita, Motohiro Takeya, Benoit Viollet, Hideo Yagita, Masahisa Jinushi
Journal: Immunity (2013)

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by myeloid cells has been implicated in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. In this study, we found that T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin domain-containing molecule-4 (TIM-4) repressed tumor-specific immunity triggered by chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death. TIM-4 was found to be highly expressed on tumor-associated myeloid cells such as macrophages (TAMs) and dendritic cells (TADCs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from chemotherapy-damaged tumor cells induced TIM-4 on tumor-associated myeloid cells recruited from bone marrow-derived precursors. TIM-4 directly interacted with AMPKα1 and activated autophagy-mediated degradation of ingested tumors, leading to reduced antigen presentation and impaired CTL responses. Consistently, blockade of the TIM-4-AMPKα1-autophagy pathway augmented the antitumor effect of chemotherapeutics by enhancing tumor-specific CTL responses. Our finding provides insight into the immune tolerance mediated by phagocytosis of dying cells, and targeting of the TIM-4-AMPKα1 interaction constitutes a unique strategy for augmenting antitumor immunity and improving cancer chemotherapy.
Quality of Care for Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Known Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Adrian F. Hernandez, David Dai, Eric D. Peterson, Subhash Banerjee, Gregg C. Fonarow, Christopher P. Cannon, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Patients with prior atherosclerosis in 1 or more vascular territories (coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral arterial) who present with acute coronary syndromes have high cardiovascular risk and may benefit significantly from evidence-based therapies, yet whether these are used consistently is unknown. Methods and Results— The Get With the Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease database was queried to determine whether compliance with quality-of-care treatments for acute coronary syndrome patients was associated with the extent of prior vascular disease. A total of 143 999 patients enrolled at 438 sites between January 2000 and January 2008 were classified according to the absence (n=98 136; 68%) or presence of known preexistent atherosclerosis (before admission) in 1, 2, or 3 vascular territories (n=37 633 [26%], n=7369 [5%], and n=861 [0.6%], respectively). Overall in-hospital mortality was 5.3%, and mean length of stay was 5.6±6.7 days. Compared with patients without prior vascular disease, patients with prior vascular disease were older and had more comorbidities. They were less likely to undergo coronary revascularization and had longer duration of hospital stay and higher in-hospital mortality. After adjustment for clinical and hospital characteristics, compared with patients without prior vascular disease, patients with prior vascular disease had higher mortality and were less likely to receive 3 particular treatments (lipid-lowering therapy, smoking cessation counseling, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for left ventricular dysfunction). Conclusions— Compared with acute coronary syndrome patients without prior vascular disease, those with prior atherosclerosis had higher in-hospital mortality yet were paradoxically less likely to receive specific evidence-based acute coronary syndrome treatments, which can form the basis for targeted intervention.
1138 THE FN14/TWEAK RECEPTOR-LIGAND SYSTEM REGULATES HEPATIC STELLATE CELL FUNCTION IN LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: A. Wilhelm, C. Weston, E. Humphreys, E. Shepherd, B. Stephenson, M. Munir, D. Adams, V. Aldridge, L. Burkly, S. Afford
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Cholera — Still Teaching Hard Lessons
Authors: Richard L. Guerrant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

At first glance, the report by Saha et al.1 in this issue of the Journal demonstrates the important finding that a single dose of azithromycin is effective in the treatment of cholera in adults. The study reported that within 48 hours after being treated with azithromycin, 73 percent of patients had a cessation of watery diarrhea, as compared with 27 percent of patients who received ciprofloxacin (a drug previously shown to be effective for cholera in adults), and 78 percent had a bacteriologic cure, as compared with only 10 percent of patients who received ciprofloxacin.Indeed, this dramatic reduction in . . .
NON-ADHERENCE WITH CLOPIDOGREL AFTER CORONARY STENTING IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Jehangir Din, Christian Janssen, Simon D. Robinson, Reginald Smith, Ronald Carere, W. Peter Klinke, J. David Hilton, Anthony Della Siega, Nicholas Cruden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: is it a paradominant trait?
Authors: R. Happle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome: is it a paradominant trait? Get access R. Happle R. Happle Department of Dermatology, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 9, W‐3550 Marburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 4, 1 April 1993, Page 465, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00214.x Published: 01 April 1993
Diaphragmatic Hernia Producing a Perfusion Defect and Diffuse Pulmonary Vascular Hypoplasia on Lung Imaging
Authors: QAISAR H. SIRAJ, SUE E. M. CLARKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 20-month-old boy was referred for ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) imaging. Antenatal ultrasonography showed right diaphragmatic hernia, which was confirmed on a postnatal scan. The hernia was surgically repaired and the patient made good progress, although there was tendency for recurrent chest infection. Chest roentgenography at the time of V/Q imaging showed a hypoplastic right lung with a rounded opacity tenting the right hemidiaphragm. Pulmonary perfusion imaging showed generalized reduction of perfusion in the right lung consistent with vascular hypoplasia and a photon-deficient defect at the base, which was seen on ultrasonography to correspond to the site of liver eventration through the diaphragm.
Complex dermoscopic pattern: a potential risk marker for melanoma
Authors: J.B. Lipoff, A. Scope, S.W. Dusza, A.A. Marghoob, S.A. Oliveria, A.C. Halpern
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Dysplastic naevi have repeatedly been shown to be an independent risk factor for melanoma; however, risk estimates vary. Dermoscopy has allowed for more elaborate classification of naevi based on global patterns.To assess dermoscopic images of naevi from patients with melanoma and controls to explore dermoscopic patterns that are associated with melanoma risk.Dermoscopic images of naevi from the backs of 20 patients with melanoma and 20 age- and sex-matched controls were reviewed for dermoscopic patterns and structures. An unblinded review of 187 naevi of patients and 150 naevi of controls was completed. Complex global dermoscopic pattern was defined in naevi presenting both network and globules, with or without structureless areas.Complex global dermoscopic pattern was observed more frequently in melanoma patients than controls (odds ratio, OR 2.9, P = 0.003). As for specific dermoscopic structures, presence of globules was observed more frequently in patients than controls (OR 2.3, P = 0.0001), whereas presence of dots was inversely associated with case status (OR 0.5, P = 0.002).These pilot data suggest that dermoscopic pattern may serve as a more robust and specific marker of melanoma risk than clinical naevus phenotype.
The Dismantling of Tuberculosis Control Programs
Authors: Lee B. Reichman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 January 1993The Dismantling of Tuberculosis Control ProgramsLee B. Reichman, MD, MPHLee B. Reichman, MD, MPHUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; 150 Bergen Street; Newark, NJ 07103Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-1-199301010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Outbreaks of multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis are tragedies that are predictable and preventable [1, 2]. The editorial by Dooley and colleagues [3] calls attention to several aspects of the problem but omits the most serious root cause—the systematic decimation of our health care delivery system by the inaction and neglect of our health establishment [2].Most of their solutions to control future outbreaks should have been implemented long ago. One such solution, “intensified research to. identify new therapies.” (emphasis mine), is invariably stressed by public health officials, politicians, and the media. However, new drug development may cost hundreds of ...References1. Reichman LB. The U shaped curve of concern (Editorial). Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991; 144:741-2. Google Scholar2. Brudney K, Dobkin J. Resurgent tuberculosis in New York City; HIV, homelessness, and the decline of TB control programs. Am Respir Dis. 1991; 144:745. Google Scholar3. Dooley S, Jarvis WR, Martone WJ, Snider DE. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1992; 177:257-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; 150 Bergen Street; Newark, NJ 07103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1993Volume 118, Issue 1Page: 77KeywordsCommunication in health careDrug delivery system preparationDrug regulationDrugsForecastingHealth carePrevention, policy, and public health Issue Published: 1 January 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Structure and expression of the gene responsible for the triplet repeat disorder, dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)
Authors: Shigeo Nagafuchi, Hiroko Yanagisawa, Emiko Ohsaki, Takefumi Shirayama, Keiko Tadokoro, Tadashi Inoue, Masao Yamada
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)