tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Opioid Agonist Therapy With Lower Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Young Adult Injection Drug Users
Authors: Judith I. Tsui, Jennifer L. Evans, Paula J. Lum, Judith A. Hahn, Kimberly Page
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Injection drug use is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Prior studies suggest opioid agonist therapy may reduce the incidence of HCV infection among injection drug users; however, little is known about the effects of this therapy in younger users.To evaluate whether opioid agonist therapy was associated with a lower incidence of HCV infection in a cohort of young adult injection drug users.Observational cohort study conducted from January 3, 2000, through August 21, 2013, with quarterly interviews and blood sampling. We recruited young adult (younger than 30 years) injection drug users who were negative for anti-HCV antibody and/or HCV RNA.Substance use treatment within the past 3 months, including non-opioid agonist forms of treatment, opioid agonist (methadone hydrochloride or buprenorphine hydrochloride) detoxification or maintenance therapy, or no treatment.Incident HCV infection documented with a new positive result for HCV RNA and/or HCV antibodies. Cumulative incidence rates (95% CI) of HCV infection were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit adjusting for age, sex, race, years of injection drug use, homelessness, and incarceration.Baseline characteristics of the sample (n = 552) included median age of 23 (interquartile range, 20-26) years; 31.9% female; 73.1% white; 39.7% who did not graduate from high school; and 69.2% who were homeless. During the observation period of 680 person-years, 171 incident cases of HCV infection occurred (incidence rate, 25.1 [95% CI, 21.6-29.2] per 100 person-years). The rate ratio was significantly lower for participants who reported recent maintenance opioid agonist therapy (0.31 [95% CI, 0.14-0.65]; P = .001) but not for those who reported recent non-opioid agonist forms of treatment (0.63 [95% CI, 0.37-1.08]; P = .09) or opioid agonist detoxification (1.45 [95% CI, 0.80-2.69]; P = .23). After adjustment for other covariates, maintenance opioid agonist therapy was associated with lower relative hazards for acquiring HCV infection over time (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.18-0.87]; P = .02).In this cohort of young adult injection drug users, recent maintenance opioid agonist therapy was associated with a lower incidence of HCV infection. Maintenance treatment with methadone or buprenorphine for opioid use disorders may be an important strategy to prevent the spread of HCV infection among young injection drug users.
Transesophageal Echocardiography for Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Steven L. Hersch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 January 1992Transesophageal Echocardiography for Aortic AneurysmSteven L. Hersch, MDSteven L. Hersch, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-2-170_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The recent reports by Tunick and colleagues (1, 2) showing how transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can implicate aortic arch atheromata in the causation of systemic emboli without previously known sources were interesting. The discovery of the cause of a previously mysterious event is intellectually satisfying.However, I am concerned about how TEE will be used—if it is not already on its way to becoming a "standard of care." The evaluation of embolic strokes now includes computed tomography (or magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain, cardiac echocardiography, and carotid noninvasive studies and may grow to include TEE to search...References1. TunickPerezKronzon PJI. Protruding atheromatas in the thoracic aorta and systemic embolization. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115: 423-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TunickCullifordLamparelloKronzon PAPI. Atheromatosis of the aortic arch as an occult source of multiple systemic emboli. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:391-2. LinkGoogle Scholar1. TunickPerezKronzon PJI. Protruding atheromas in the thoracic aorta and systemic embolization. Ann Intern Med. 1991 ;115: 423-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TunickKronzon PI. Protruding atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic arch of patients with systemic embolization: a new finding seen by transesophageal echocardiography. Am Heart J. 1990;120:658-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KaralisChandrasekaranVictorRossMintz DKMJG. The recognition and embolic potential of intraaortic atherosclerotic debris. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17:73-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KatzTunickRibakoveSpencerKronzon EPGFI. Protruding aortic atheromas predict stroke in older patients during heart surgery: an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic study [Abstract]. Circulation. 1991;84:11-688. Google Scholar5. TunickCullifordLamparelloKronzon PAPI. Atheromatosis of the aortic arch as an occult source of multiple systemic emboli. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:391-2. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 13320 Riverside Drive, Suite 102 Sherman Oaks, CA 91423 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1992Volume 116, Issue 2Page: 170-170KeywordsAneurysmsBrainComputed axial tomographyEchocardiographyMagnetic resonance imagingStroke Issue Published: 15 January 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ulnar nerve compression in the cyclist's hand: two case reports and review of the literature.
Authors: C Maimaris, H G Zadeh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

Compression of the ulnar nerve in the hand is well recognized; over 20 causes have been reported'.They can be subdivided into two major groups: compress- ion secondary to space occupying lesions, the commonest being ganglia, and compression secon- dary to trauma.Traumatic causes include hand lacerations, carpal bone fractures and direct trauma such as in karate2.Ulnar neuropathy also occurs in those who suffer constant or repeated blows to the base of the palm, such as in construction workers and carpenters who use pneumatic drills or other vibrating tools3.It can follow sports activities such as video game playing4, motor cycling and cycing5.Cyclists experience symptoms after prolonged riding .Burke suggested that in cyclists it is an over-use injury7.
Methods of endometrial assessment.
Authors: V Sele
Journal: BMJ (1978)

data).Under these circumstances the usual effects of noradrenaline, causing marked reductions in heart rate and cardiac output, do not occur.Thus atropine, alone or after beta-blockers, can raise blood pressure and heart rate while maintaining cardiac output.From these observations therefore we would endorse the use of atropine in doses of at least 3 mg as bolus injections.Furthermore, as an alternative to isoprenaline in patients still hypotensive we would recommend graded infusions of noradrenaline to restore blood pressure provided atropine has been given previously.Under these circumstances heart rate and cardiac output are likely to be satisfactorily maintained and blood pressure restored.
Re-Fracture of the Patella
Authors: H. Parson
Journal: BMJ (1883)

1i for examination can only be made to flow with great difficulty; and.whenitis examined, fewor nomicrococci will be found free in the blood, all present being either in the zooglcea-stage, or, if single, firmly adherent to the red corpuscles, so as to make them, even in freshly, Irawn specimens, look like mulberries.If currents be produced under the cover by pressing on it with a needle, some of these may occasionally be seen to become detached, and to float about free; but the moment they happen to come into contact with some corpuscle, they adhere to and are carried about by it.Now, the pneumonia seen here often runs an extremely rapid course, death sometimes taking place in as little as twelve hours, with signs of pulmonary engorgement; but with no pronounced dulness on percussion, and,post mortem, with only deep congestion of the lungs, and often extensive pulmonarv apoplexy.It is inl such,
Machines and the Physician
Authors: Edward J. Volpintesta
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> That the patient is coming to see the physician's role preempted by technology is probably true. I think that the physician himself sees his role being usurped. But something else is happening that is worse than both of these put together—the patient is becoming more and more aware that the physician is practicing defensive medicine. The average patient is well aware of the malpractice maelstrom and perceives the overuse of technology as a defensive act that often does nothing or very little to alleviate the patient's suffering or improve his sense of well-being. So, if there is going to be concern over the machine becoming the physician, there should be at least equal concern over our medicolegal system, which<i>encourages</i>the machine to preempt the physician's role by oftentimes penalizing the doctor for<i>not</i>using the available technology. The end result, as Dr Grouse<sup>1</sup>aptly put it,
Correlation of Clinical Risk Scores with Angiographic Extent and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Burçak Kılıçkıran Avcı, Barış İkitimur, Özge Özden Tok, Murat Cimci, Emre Ertürk, İlkin Babayev, Timur Bigmourad, Bilgehan Karadağ, Vural Ali Vural, Zeki Öngen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Anaesthesia for thoracic sympathectomy.
Authors: A N Graham, K G Lowry, J A McGuigan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

numbers by making bids for staff grade posts and increasing the allocation of junior staff to medicine, all of which had been blocked by senior manage- ment.After my dismissal all the plans were imple- mented.The defendants apologised unreservedly to me and my family and stated that they wished publicly to vindicate fully my reputation both as a doctor and as a departmental manager.They agreed to pay my full costs and substantial damages.This case shows how vulnerable doctors can be in undertaking a significant management role and how the most senior managers can use their power to blame a doctor manager unjustifiably for their own inadequacies.The result also shows that, at present, consultants may have a more secure position in a trust than managers, whose short term rolling contracts may encourage them to scapegoat doctors to preserve their own position.
Scintigraphic Study of Extra-adrenal Ganglioneuroma in a Patient with Overlap between Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Types 1 and 2
Authors: EUGENIO RESCHINI, ANNA CATANIA, LORENA AIRAGHI, MARIA GRAZIA MANFREDI, PIER GIORGIO CROSIGNANI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 27-year-old woman was diagnosed with a pituitary prolactinoma. Seven years later, when she was 34, an abdominal mass was incidentally discovered and ascribed to the right adrenal gland on the basis of evidence from ultrasonography, computed tomography, and arteriography. Adrenal scintigraphy with Se-75 selenomethylcholesterol imaged both adrenal glands, but the right gland was distorted, suggesting external compression. 1-131 MIBG was not taken up by the mass. At surgery, an extra-adrenal ganglioneuroma was found and excised. This case represents an overlap between multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1 and 2. The failure of the ganglioneuroma to concentrate MIBG was likely caused by secretory inactivity of a biologically mature tumor.
Super-Superscan on a Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Yiyan Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Superscans on bone scintigraphy have been described mostly in metastatic and metabolic bone diseases, with different patterns and appearances of radiotracer uptake. This is a report of bone scintigraphy demonstrating superimposed metastatic and metabolic superscan in a patient with prostate cancer, who subsequently developed renal osteodystrophy. Two years after the first bone scintigraphy showing multiple metastases, the patient developed renal insufficiency, hyperphosphoremia, and hypocalcemia. Repeat bone scintigraphy demonstrates significantly different appearance from that of the first study. Caution should be exercised when interpreting a bone scintigraphy in patients with known malignancy and coexisting renal failure or metabolic bone disease. Superimposed appearances of metastatic and metabolic superscan may obscure recognition of osseous metastases.
Doxycycline reduces fibril formation in a transgenic mouse model of AL amyloidosis
Authors: Jennifer Ellis Ward, Ruiyi Ren, Gianluca Toraldo, Pam SooHoo, Jian Guan, Carl O'Hara, Ravi Jasuja, Vickery Trinkaus-Randall, Ronglih Liao, Lawreen H. Connors, David C. Seldin
Journal: Blood (2011)
Rheumatoid arthritis in Ugandan Africans.
Authors: B R Kanyerezi, H Baddeley, D Kisumba
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Until recently rheumatoid arthritis has been con- sidered to be rare in the tropics.Gelfand (1957), in his extensive review of disease in Africans, stated that he had rarely seen a true case in a native of Central Africa.Goodall (1956) described two atypical cases amongst ninety patients with polyarthritis in Malawi.Since then eight cases have been reported from Kenya (Harries, 1962;Hall, 1966), three from Liberia (Hijmans, Valkenburg, Muller, and Gratama, 1964), 39 from Uganda (Kanyerezi, 1969), and 71 from Western Nigeria (Greenwood, 1969).Lawrence, Bremner, Ball, and Burch (1966) con- ducted a survey of rheumatoid arthritis in Jamaica (a sub-tropical zone) and concluded that the disease 'occurs at least as frequently as in a Caucasian population in the United Kingdom'.Material and methods 120 new patients attended the Arthritis Clinic, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, over a period of one year, and 65 of them were diagnosed as cases of rheumatoid arthritis.The Rome diagnostic criteria (Kellgren, Jeffrey, and Ball, 1963) were used to classify these cases, so that the findings may be compared easily with those of a projected population survey.The authors have been con- servative in including cases in this analysis and this is reflected in the relatively small number of 'probable' cases.Patients with a past history of urethritis alone were not excluded, as venereal infection is so very common in Uganda.However, five young men with a history of co- existent urethritis and arthritis were excluded as cases of Reiter's disease.
Inducible Release of TRAIL Fusion Proteins from a Proapoptotic Form for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Khalid Shah, Ching-Hsuan Tung, Katherine Yang, Ralph Weissleder, Xandra O. Breakefield
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can selectively kill neoplastic cells and control of its activity could enhance tumor therapy. We have developed means to control the secretion of a novel recombinant (r) TRAIL fusion protein using a viral protease. This system uses the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a storage depot for rTRAIL, because TRAIL acts by binding to its cognate receptors on the cell surface. We have engineered two TRAIL variants: (a) a secretable form that enhances apoptosis via a bystander effect; and (b) an ER-targeted TRAIL that is retained in the ER until selectively released by the viral protease. Gene delivery can be monitored in vivo by systemic administration of a near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe activated by the protease. This study serves as a template for design of recombinant proteins to enhance and control apoptosis of tumor cells via specific viral proteases and for use of viral proteases as in vivo reporters for cancer therapy.
The link between parental allergy and offspring allergic and nonallergic rhinitis
Authors: M. Westman, I. Kull, T. Lind, E. Melén, P. Stjärne, E. Toskala, M. Wickman, A. Bergström
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Background Parental allergy-related disease increases the risk for rhinitis, but it remains unknown how different phenotypes of parental allergy affect this risk. The aim of this study was to investigate how parental hay fever, asthma, and eczema affect the risk of allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) at 8 years of age. Methods Information on 2413 children from a population-based birth cohort was used combining questionnaire data and IgE to inhalant allergens. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between parental allergy-related disease and AR and NAR. In addition, cluster analysis was used to search for latent phenotypes of heredity likely to be associated with AR and NAR. Results At age 8 years, 13.8% of the children had AR, while 6.4% had NAR. Parental isolated hay fever increased the odds of AR (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6–3.2), whereas isolated asthma or eczema did not. The odds of NAR increased when one parent had two or more allergy-related diseases. In the cluster analysis, the highest proportion of AR, 37.5%, was seen in a cluster where both parents had hay fever and pollen allergy and that of NAR, 11.0%, in a cluster where one parent had hay fever, pollen allergy, and eczema. Conclusions Parental allergy-related disease may be an important risk factor for NAR as well as AR, and the risk is comparable for maternal and paternal allergy. Parental hay fever seems to be the dominating hereditary risk factor for AR.
Induction and autoinduction properties of rifamycin derivatives: a review of animal and human studies.
Authors: M Strolin Benedetti, P Dostert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Animal studies have demonstrated that the mouse and rabbit are far more responsive to the inductive properties of rifamycin derivatives than the rat and guinea pig. The rat hepatic cytochrome P450 system seems to be resistant to the action of rifampicin unless very high doses are used. Mouse hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity is markedly increased by repeated dosing with rifampicin, whereas administration of rifabutin may be ineffective. In humans, both rifampicin and rifabutin are extensively metabolized and induce their own metabolism. The induced metabolic pathways remain essentially unknown. Under autoinduction conditions, the elimination half-life of rifampicin decreases, whereas that of rifabutin is not altered. Although the effects of repeated administration of rifampicin and rifabutin on the various forms of cytochrome P450 in humans have not been extensively examined, there is convincing evidence that the P4503A subfamily is induced by either drug, whereas the P4501A subfamily and P4502D6 do not appear to be affected by rifampicin. Limited reliable information is available concerning the induction of human glucuronyltransferase activities by rifampicin and rifabutin which, however, do not seem to influence zidovudine glucuronide formation in healthy subjects.
Effects of Writing About Stressful Experiences on Symptom Reduction in Patients With Asthma or Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Joshua M. Smyth, Arthur A. Stone, Adam Hurewitz, Alan Kaell
Journal: JAMA (1999)

5][6] A brief written emotional expression exercise developed by Pennebaker and Beall 7 has been tested in studies of health benefits in healthy persons.It calls for participating subjects to write an essay, typically during a 3-day period, expressing their thoughts and feelings about a traumatic experience.Differences have been found between control subjects (who write about innocuous topics) and experimental subjects in frequency of subsequent health center visits, subjective well-being, and immune function. 8-10A recent metaanalysis of this written emotional expression exercise concluded that the procedure reliably improved health outcomes. 11rior studies have not addressed the clinical relevance of these findings, in part because their samples were physically healthy people.It is not clear that the effects extend to individuals with medical conditions.
Public Health Effects of Occupational and Environmental Radiation Exposure
Authors: Barry J. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the article by Wing et al,<sup>1</sup>citing an increase in cancer risk of 5% per 10 mSv of cumulative radiation exposure in workers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We are unable to translate this into practical terms, however. For example, how many extra deaths would this represent per 100 000 population exposed to this total dose (10 mSv) over their lifetimes? How can we relate this to other, self-inflicted risks; eg, diagnostic radiology,<sup>2</sup>smoking one cigarette per day, riding a bicycle, traveling in a jet plane, or visiting New York City? Can the authors express these risks as shortening of the average life span? In view of the benefits that nuclear workers may derive from their employment (better than normal health care, for example), what is the outcome of a risk-benefit analysis in these workers compared with similar workers in non-nuclear-related
Graduate Medical Education Research in the 21st Century and &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;JAMA&lt;/EMPH&gt; On Call
Authors: Joseph K. Lim, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of a molecular signature predictive of sensitivity to differentiation induction in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: E Tagliafico, E Tenedini, R Manfredini, A Grande, F Ferrari, E Roncaglia, S Bicciato, R Zini, S Salati, E Bianchi, C Gemelli, M Montanari, T Vignudelli, T Zanocco-Marani, S Parenti, P Paolucci, G Martinelli, P P Piccaluga, M Baccarani, G Specchia, U Torelli, S Ferrari
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
The influence of alumina and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene particles on osteoblast–osteoclast cooperation
Authors: D. Granchi, G. Ciapetti, I. Amato, S. Pagani, E. Cenni, L. Savarino, S. Avnet, J.L. Peris, A. Pellacani, N. Baldini, A. Giunti
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN PREGNANCY
Authors: R. H. Kampmeier
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  After reading the paper entitled Bronchial Asthma as a Complication of Pregnancy, by Dr. Bradford Green (The Journal, February 3, p. 360), I feel that a comment made from a different angle is proper. The obstetrician is naturally struck by the aggravation of asthma during pregnancy, for it offers a disturbing complication to him. This may lead him to a broad conclusion, as  a patient with true bronchial asthma of anaphylactic origin, the attacks are markedly exacerbated by  However, to the internist interested in allergy, cases of equal interest are those in which allergic manifestations disappear during pregnancy.  That this occurs was first demonstrated to me nine years ago while supervising the allergy work in the department of internal medicine at the University of Michigan. The first patient with such a story was a highly educated, intelligent woman who had been through four or five