tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic appearances of the rectal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease visualised with a magnifying colonoscope.
Authors: K Makiyama, M K Bennett, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1984)

The magnified endoscopic appearances of the rectum are described in 12 patients with Crohn9s disease with apparent rectal sparing on sigmoidoscopy. Five of them had minor abnormalities on colonoscopy but the remaining seven had a normal rectum. After the application of 0.2% methylene blue, examination using a magnifying endoscope (Olympus CF-HM) revealed characteristic 9worm-eaten9 appearances in 75% of the patients regardless of the activity of their disease. Histological examination of biopsy specimens from these lesions showed marked inflammatory changes, and granulomas or microgranulomas were found in 75%. Inflammatory changes were not seen in mucosa which appeared normal on magnifying colonoscopy although microgranuloma were found in three cases. These observations confirm the focal nature of Crohn9s disease and may suggest that the early lesions are mucosal and frequently contain granulomata.
Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Horses with Heaves Is Characterized by a Th2-type Cytokine Profile
Authors: JEAN-PIERRE LAVOIE, KARIM MAGHNI, MICHEL DESNOYERS, RAME TAHA, JAMES G. MARTIN, QUTAYBA A. HAMID
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Heaves in horses shares many similarities with human asthma, including lower airway inflammation, reversible airway obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Extrinsic asthma is an allergic response to environmental allergens and a similar immunologic mechanism may be implicated in heaves. It is now recognized that a Th2 subset of CD4+ lymphocytes is associated with allergic diseases such as atopic asthma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether airway inflammation in heaves is associated with a pattern of expression of cytokine suggestive of a Th2 type response. The expression of mRNA, encoding interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was measured in bronchoalveolar cells from seven horses with heaves and five control horses, using in situ hybridization and radiolabeled equine-specific cRNA probes coding for these cytokines. Bronchoalveolar cells of horses with heaves had an increased expression of IL-4 (p = 0.01) and IL-5 (p = 0.02) mRNA and a decreased expression of INF-gamma (p = 0.01) compared with control horses. Here we show that inflammatory cells in lungs from horses with heaves display a Th2-type cytokine profile that is consistent with the hypothesis that heaves is an allergic condition with similarity to human asthma.
Phase I Study of Temozolomide in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Leukemia
Authors: Karen Seiter, Delong Liu, Thomas Loughran, Ahmad Siddiqui, Paul Baskind, Tauseef Ahmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine the dose-limiting toxicity and maximum-tolerated dose of temozolomide in patients with acute leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients (16 with acute myelogenous leukemia, two with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and two with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic phase) received 43 cycles of temozolomide. Patients began treatment at two different dose levels: 200 mg/m 2 /d for 7 days or 200 mg/m 2 /d for 9 days. RESULTS: Prolonged aplasia was the dose-limiting toxicity, and the maximum-tolerated dose was 7 days of temozolomide. Overall treatment was well tolerated: hospitalization was required in only nine of 43 courses, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Two patients obtained a complete response, and two others met criteria for complete response except for platelet recovery. Overall, nine of 20 patients had a significant decrease in bone marrow blasts after temozolomide treatment. CONCLUSION: Temozolomide was well tolerated and had significant antileukemic activity when administered as a single agent. Further studies of temozolomide in hematologic malignancies are indicated.
Participation of International Medical Graduates in Graduate Medical Education and Hospital Care for the Poor
Authors: Michael E. Whitcomb
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the impact of limiting international medical graduate (IMG) participation in US graduate medical education (GME) on the delivery of hospital care to the poor. <h3>Methods.</h3> —To ascertain the pattern of IMG participation in GME and the degree to which the principal teaching hospitals with programs with large IMG enrollments provide care to the poor, we used data from the American Medical Association 1993 Annual Survey of Graduate Medical Education Programs and Teaching Institutions to analyze the pattern of IMG participation in GME in the six core specialties of internal medicine, family practice, obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, pediatrics, and psychiatry. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Programs were identified as IMG dependent if at least 50% of the resident physicians enrolled in the first year of the program were IMGs. All programs were linked to their principal teaching hospitals, and hospitals were assessed according to the number of programs based at each institution, the number of IMG-dependent programs at the institution, and whether no-pay patients and/or Medicaid/public assistance beneficiaries constituted more than 20% of the patients served. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 20170 first-year resident physicians in the six core specialties, 31.8% were IMGs. The proportion of programs dependent on IMG enrollment was 27.7%, ranging from 5.2% in obstetrics and gynecology programs to 49.5% in psychiatry programs. About 72% of all first-year IMGs were in IMG-dependent programs. Of the 688 hospitals serving as principal teaching sites for programs in at least one of the six core specialties, 106 were categorized as dependent on IMG programs, but only 77 of those provided a disproportionate amount of care to the poor. Finally, 40% of IMG-dependent GME programs and 36% of first-year IMG residents were based in hospitals that did not provide a disproportionate amount of care to the poor. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Based on this analysis, 77 hospitals can arguably be considered dependent on IMG resident physicians to provide care to the poor. Moreover, a large number of IMG residents and IMG-dependent programs are in hospitals that do not provide a disproportionate amount of care to the poor. These findings show the scale of the problem policymakers must address if they choose to limit IMG access to GME while maintaining access of the poor to needed hospital care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:696-699)
Satellite Hookup Links Major US Military Hospital With Army Physicians in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

GLOBAL TELEMEDICINE is being tested by US military medical personnel in Somalia.  As Operation Restore Hope enters its final days—at least as far as the US military playing a dominant role—a remote clinical communication system is in operation at the 86th Evacuation Hospital in Mogadishu. The hospital, which has its home base at the US Army's Fort Campbell (Ky), northeast of Nashville, Tenn, on the Kentucky-Tennessee border, thus now is linked via satellite from Somalia with Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC.  Digital Images  Physicians at Walter Reed say the system uses off-the-shelf computers, software, portable telecommunications equipment, and a computerized digital camera. The goal, they say, is to allow military physicians who encounter an unfamiliar or particularly difficult patient problem at a remote site like those in Somalia to consult with experts at a sophisticated center like Walter Reed.  This eliminates waiting until the patient has been evacuated
Myelodysplastic Syndromes — Coping with Ineffective Hematopoiesis
Authors: Mario Cazzola, Luca Malcovati
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

One of the most challenging problems in hematology is the heterogeneous group of disorders that were formally defined as myelodysplastic syndromes by the French–American–British Cooperative Group in 1982. This set of disorders includes idiopathic conditions as well as the secondary or therapy-related forms that develop after exposure to alkylating agents, radiation, or both. Idiopathic myelodysplastic syndromes occur mainly in older persons: the incidence of these syndromes is about 5 per 100,000 persons per year in the general population, but it increases to 20 to 50 per 100,000 persons per year after 60 years of age. Approximately 15,000 new cases are . . .
Mortality and Duration of Hemodialysis Treatment
Authors: Philip J. Held
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Decrease in the average duration of hemodialysis treatment time is a continuing phenomenon. We investigated the relationship of 3-year mortality to duration of dialysis in a 1984-1985 national random sample of 600 hemodialysis patients from 36 dialysis units. Mortality was negatively associated with duration of dialysis treatments, as shown by the Cox model, adjusted for other patient and dialysis unit covariates. With adjustment for other covariates, patients receiving an average dialysis treatment duration of less than 3.5 hours had relative mortality risks of 1.17 to 2.18 compared with those with treatments longer than 3.5 hours (mortality risk of 1.0). Reverse causation (the possibility that more seriously ill patients received dialysis for a shorter time) appears unlikely. We conclude that duration of the dialysis procedure is an important element in determining patient mortality as one of the factors determining the adequacy of dialysis.
Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection
Authors: Hans P. Schlecht
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE OXYGEN CONTENT OF CEREBRAL BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SYMPTOMATIC PSYCHOSES AND ACUTE DESTRUCTIVE BRAIN LESIONS
Authors: HAROLD E. HIMWICH, JOSEPH F. FAZEKAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

The cerebral arterio-venous oxygen differences were determined on three patients with mental symptoms which appeared in the course of pernicious anemia, cardiac decompensation and luetic encephalopathy. In the two patients with an extracerebral origin of the mental disturbances the oxygen content of the venous blood was subnormal while in the patient with an intracerebral process the venous oxygen content was above the normal value. These observations suggest that a determination of the oxygen content of the venous cerebral blood may indicate whether the mental symptoms are produced by inadequate oxygen supply or result from changes in the brain, provided that alterations in the rate of blood flow do not obscure these indications.
Food Exposures to Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: Albert C. Kolbye
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1972)

The PCB family of industrial chemicals has been used in a number of useful and beneficial ways for more than 40 years.PCBs have been used in capacitors, as transformer fluids, as heat transfer agents, in plasticizers and adhesives, and in sealants and printing inks.Needless to say, they have no place in the nation's food supply.The scientific community has been aware of the potential hazard of the PCBs since at least 1966.Reports in the foreign literature at that time indicated the detection of this chemical in fish and birds.However, the status of the analytical detection method for organochlorine pesticide residues in reference to PCBs was not perfected until early 1969, after it was discussed in FDA's pesticide analytical workshop and the former Division of Pesticides improved the analytical method, so that it was satisfactory for routine analysis.We know that as a toxic substance PCBs are a potential but not immediate health hazard and that their environmental background level is not high.We do not know how long-term exposure to PCBs might affect human health, and we cannot yet explain the inconsistent presence of the chemical in certain areas of the environment.We have been faced recently with PCB adulteration of food from accidental sources and from un- traceable environmental sources.The exact routes of contamination are subject to speculation.Some theories point to the industrial wastes from plants using PCB, leaching of PCB from plastic objects in waste disposal (burning at waste incineration plants or run-off from landfills into streams), and
Factor XSanto Domingo. Evidence that the severe clinical phenotype arises from a mutation blocking secretion.
Authors: H H Watzke, A Wallmark, N Hamaguchi, P Giardina, D W Stafford, K A High
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Factor X (FX) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein required for the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. FXSanto Domingo is a hereditary FX deficiency which is characterized clinically by a severe bleeding diathesis. The proposita has a FX activity of less than 1% and a FX antigen of less than 5%. We have determined the molecular basis of the defect in the FXSanto Domingo gene by amplification of all eight exons with polymerase chain reaction and subsequent sequence analysis. The patient is homozygous for a G----A transition in exon I at codon -20 (numbering the alanine at the NH2 terminus of the mature protein as +1), resulting in the substitution of arginine for glycine in the carboxy-terminal part of the signal peptide. This amino acid change occurs near the presumed cleavage site of the signal peptidase. We hypothesized that the mutation might prevent cleavage by the signal peptidase which in turn would impair proper secretion of the FX protein. To test this hypothesis, we compared the expression of wild type and mutant FX cDNA in a human kidney cell line. Wild type and mutant constructs in the expression vector pCMV4 were introduced into the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 by calcium phosphate transfection. FX antigen levels in the supernatant of the cells harboring the wild type construct were 2.4 micrograms/10(7) cells per 24 h, whereas antigen levels in media from cells containing the FXSanto Domingo construct were undetectable. No FX antigen was detected in the cell lysates of cells transfected with the mutant construct. To insure that the difference in protein levels was not due to a difference in steady state levels of mRNA, Northern analysis was performed on RNA from the cell lysates of both constructs. The results showed a transcript of the same size, present in roughly equal amounts, in both cases. Thus, the defect in the signal sequence of FXSanto Domingo exerts its effect posttranscriptionally. FXSanto Domingo is the first described example of a bleeding diathesis due to a mutation in the signal sequence.
Double Minute Chromosomes in Glioblastoma Multiforme Are Revealed by Precise Reconstruction of Oncogenic Amplicons
Authors: J. Zachary Sanborn, Sofie R. Salama, Mia Grifford, Cameron W. Brennan, Tom Mikkelsen, Suresh Jhanwar, Sol Katzman, Lynda Chin, David Haussler
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

DNA sequencing offers a powerful tool in oncology based on the precise definition of structural rearrangements and copy number in tumor genomes. Here, we describe the development of methods to compute copy number and detect structural variants to locally reconstruct highly rearranged regions of the tumor genome with high precision from standard, short-read, paired-end sequencing datasets. We find that circular assemblies are the most parsimonious explanation for a set of highly amplified tumor regions in a subset of glioblastoma multiforme samples sequenced by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium, revealing evidence for double minute chromosomes in these tumors. Further, we find that some samples harbor multiple circular amplicons and, in some cases, further rearrangements occurred after the initial amplicon-generating event. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis offered an initial confirmation of the presence of double minute chromosomes. Gene content in these assemblies helps identify likely driver oncogenes for these amplicons. RNA-seq data available for one double minute chromosome offered additional support for our local tumor genome assemblies, and identified the birth of a novel exon made possible through rearranged sequences present in the double minute chromosomes. Our method was also useful for analysis of a larger set of glioblastoma multiforme tumors for which exome sequencing data are available, finding evidence for oncogenic double minute chromosomes in more than 20% of clinical specimens examined, a frequency consistent with previous estimates.
Left Ventricular Volume Changes After Amyl Nitrite and Nitroglycerin in Man as Measured by Ultrasound
Authors: GARY W. BURGGRAF, JOHN O. PARKER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The therapeutic effect of nitrites in myocardial ischemia is considered to be due in part to a reduction of left ventricular volume but measurement of this parameter in man has been difficult. The technique of echocardiography was used to measure changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and end-systolic volume (LVESV) after administration of amyl nitrite (AN) and nitroglycerin (NG) in 20 normal subjects. Control LVEDV was 131 ± 8 ml (mean ± sem ) and LVESV 30 ± 2 ml. After AN, LVEDV fell 18 ± 2% ( P &lt; 0.001) and LVESV by 57 ± 3% ( P &lt; 0.001) in 15 sec to 1 min. Heart rate (HR) rose from 68 ± 3 to 108 ± 4 beats/min at 1 min and blood pressure (BP) fell from 119/69 ± 3/2 to 99/47 ± 4/3 mm Hg. Following NG, LVEDV fell 11 ± 2% ( P &lt; 0.001) and LVESV 21 ± 3% ( P &lt; 0.001) within 2-5 min. HR rose from 65 ± 2 to 72 ± 3 beats/min and BP fell from 111/67 ± 3/2 to 102/70 ± 5/2 mm Hg at 3 min. Cardiac output increased from 6.9 ± 0.3 to 11 ± 0.9 L/min 30 sec after AN while no significant change occurred with NG. Stroke volume decreased from 101 ± 6 to 93 ± 5 ml/beat 5 min after NG while no significant change occurred after AN. This study has shown that both AN and NG produce significant decreases in LVEDV and LVESV which may contribute to their beneficial effects in myocardial ischemia.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Biofeedback, Sham Feedback, and Standard Therapy for Dyssynergic Defecation
Authors: Satish S.C. Rao, Kara Seaton, Megan Miller, Kice Brown, Ingrid Nygaard, Phyllis Stumbo, Bridgette Zimmerman, Konrad Schulze
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Meal-Generated Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Antonio Ceriello, Nadia Bortolotti, Enrico Motz, Adriana Crescentini, Sebastiano Lizzio, Assunta Russo, Laura Tonutti, Claudio Taboga
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE Free radical production has been reported to be increased in diabetic patients and to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In this study, a standardized meal was administered to 10 type 2 diabetic patients and 10 healthy matched normal subjects to evaluate its effects on plasma oxidative stress generation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In diabetic patients, at baseline and after the meal, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, protein SH groups, uric acid, vitamin E, and total plasma radical-trapping parameter, which evaluates plasma antioxidant capacity due to known and unknown antioxidants present in the plasma as well as their mutual cooperation, were measured. RESULTS After the meal, plasma MDA and vitamin C increased, while protein SH groups, uric acid, vitamin E, and total plasma radical-trapping parameter decreased more significantly in the diabetic subjects than in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS This finding shows that in the absorptive phase, free radicals are produced in diabetic patients. Since plasma glucose, but not insulin, rose significantly more in diabetic subjects than in control subjects, hyperglycemia may play an important role in the generation of postprandial oxidative stress in diabetic patients.
Prognostic importance of plasma NT‐pro BNP in chronic heart failure in patients treated with a β‐blocker: Results from the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET) trial
Authors: Lars G. Olsson, Karl Swedberg, John G.F. Cleland, Phillip A. Spark, Michel Komajda, Marco Metra, Christian Torp‐Pedersen, Willem J. Remme, Armin Scherhag, Philip Poole‐Wilson
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Risk for Stroke
Authors: Tien Yin Wong, Ronald Klein, Cong Sun, Paul Mitchell, David J. Couper, Hong Lai, Larry D. Hubbard, A. Richey Sharrett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects 7 million persons 40 years of age and older in the United States. Risk factors for the disease are similar to those for stroke. Objective: To determine what relationship, if any, exists between AMD and incident clinical stroke. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, which was conducted in Minnesota, Maryland, Mississippi, and North Carolina. Patients: 10 405 persons between 49 and 73 years of age who had no history of stroke or coronary heart disease. Measurements: Participants had retinal photographs taken between 1993 and 1995. A standardized protocol was used to evaluate the photographs for the presence of drusen and other signs of AMD. Incident stroke events were identified and validated by reviewing case records. Results: There were 498 early-stage and 10 late-stage cases of AMD in the cohort (n = 508). Over a 10-year period, 241 persons had an incident stroke event. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and site, the authors found that persons with early-stage AMD had a higher cumulative incidence of stroke than those without the disease (4.08% vs. 2.14%). The presence of early-stage AMD was associated with a higher adjusted risk for stroke (hazard ratio, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.21 to 2.88]). Further adjustment for systolic blood pressure, diabetes, cigarette smoking, and use of antihypertensive medications did not substantially alter this association (hazard ratio, 1.85 [CI, 1.19 to 2.87]). The authors found that the association between early-stage AMD and stroke varied by study site and patient ethnicity. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 3.15 and 1.07 in samples of white patients in Minnesota and Maryland, respectively; 3.77 in a sample of African-American patients in Mississippi; and 0.33 in a sample of mostly white patients (91%) in North Carolina. No site included sufficient numbers of both African-American and white patients to determine whether ethnicity contributed to the observed differences by study site. Limitations: There were few cases of late-stage AMD, and the cohort assembly method prohibited full understanding of variation by ethnicity and site. Conclusion: Middle-aged persons with signs of early-stage AMD have a higher risk for stroke independent of traditional stroke risk factors.