tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heat stress fails to protect myocardium of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats against infarction
Authors: M Joyeux
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Protection conferred by heat stress (HS) against ischaemia-reperfusion injury, in term of mechanical function and myocardial necrosis, has been extensively studied. In contrast, the effects of disease states on this HS-induced cytoprotective response are less known. Therefore, we investigated the effects of prior heat stress on the infarct size in the isolated heart and on the myocardial heat stress protein (HSP) 72 synthesis, in a model of insulin-dependent diabetic rats.Three groups of animals were studied: D rats were rendered diabetic by 55 mg/kg streptozotocin i.v. injection. DI rats received the same treatment plus a daily injection of insulin started 2 weeks after and V rats received the vehicle of streptozotocin plus a daily injection of saline. Eight weeks later, D, DI and V rats were either heat-stressed (42 degrees C for 15 min) or sham-anaesthetised. Twenty-four hours later, their hearts were isolated, perfused using the Langendorff technique, and subjected to a 30 min occlusion of the left coronary artery followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Myocardial HSP72 content was measured 24 h after HS or sham treatment using an electrophoresis coupled with a Western blot analysis.Infarct-to-risk ratio (I/R) was significantly reduced in hearts from heat-stressed (11.7 +/- 2.0%) compared to sham (30.0 +/- 3.2%) V rats. This cardioprotection was not observed in hearts from D (I/R: 31.4 +/- 3.3 vs. 34.3 +/- 3.5%) and DI (I/R: 28.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 30.3 +/- 1.6%) rats. Risk zones were similar between all experimental groups. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion periods was not different between the six experimental groups. Western blot analysis of the myocardial HSP72 content showed a comparable heat stress-induced increase of this protein, in V, D and DI animals.These results demonstrate that myocardial protective effect induced by heat stress could not extend to a pathological animal model like the diabetic rat and seems to be unrelated to the HSP72 level. Further investigations are required to elucidate the precise role of the heat stress proteins in this adaptive response.
Evaluating the Impact of Hospitalists
Authors: Jonathan Showstack
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

The hospital-based generalist physician is a recent organizational innovation in health care in the United States. Does the hospitalist model provide improved health care? The answer to this question lies in a rigorous evaluation of the hospitalist system in the clinical setting. This paper describes key outcomes that need to be assessed and methodologic issues that need to be addressed when conducting and interpreting the results of evaluations of the hospitalist model. To provide evidence about the value of the hospitalist model, quality of care should be evaluated through the measurement of both processes and outcomes. The clinical processes assessed may include diagnostic tests and treatments that are causally linked with outcomes. A variety of outcomes can be measured, such as death, clinical or physiologic status, physical function, and psychological well-being. The analysis of resource use data can aid in an assessment of the relative costs and effectiveness of clinical services. An evaluation of the hospitalist model requires an adequate research design, which should include a precise definition of the model being studied, the selection of an appropriate comparison group, the collection of clinical and demographic information on patients, the specification of both process and outcome measures, and the use of statistical techniques that are appropriate to the questions being asked and the data being collected. The design must distinguish between outcomes attributable to the introduction of hospitalists and those attributable to other changes in medical treatments and the organization of care.
Some Methodological Comments to the Assessment of Hostility on the Level of Molar Behaviour in the Course of Psychosomatic Treatment of Functional Disorders
Authors: J.J. Diamant
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The objective assessment and evaluation of change have become very actual methodological problems in clinical psychology and psychopathology. Various approaches aiming at reducing the discrepancy between the dynamic reality and conceptualizing, and between the static systems of observation and evaluation of molar behaviour are presented. Further progress in this direction may be expected from making use of a more dynamic methodology combining basic dimensions into a multidimensional dynamic space in which molar changes of behaviour such as those appearing in the course of aggression and its treatment could be registered and evaluated.
Glioblastoma Cell Enrichment Is Critical for Analysis of Phosphorylated Drug Targets and Proteomic–Genomic Correlations
Authors: Claudius Mueller, Ana C. deCarvalho, Tom Mikkelsen, Norman L. Lehman, Valerie Calvert, Virginia Espina, Lance A. Liotta, Emanuel F. Petricoin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

The quality of cancer genomic and proteomic data relies upon the quality of the clinical specimens examined. Here, we show that data derived from non-microdissected glioblastoma multiforme tumor tissue is either masked or not accurate, producing correlations between genomic and proteomic data that lead to false classifications for therapeutic stratification. We analyzed the level of 133 key signaling proteins and phosphoproteins in laser capture microdissected (LCM) primary tumors from a study set of tissues used for the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) profiling efforts, comparing the results to tissue-matched, nontumor cell-enriched lysates from adjacent sections. Among the analytes, 44%, including targets for clinically important inhibitors, such as phosphorylated mTOR, AKT, STAT1, VEGFR2, or BCL2, differed between matched tumor cell-enriched and nonenriched specimens (even in tumor sections with 90% tumor cell content). While total EGFR protein levels were higher in tumors with EGFR mutations, regardless of tumor cell enrichment, EGFR phosphorylation was increased only in LCM-enriched tumor specimens carrying EGFR mutations. Phosphorylated and total PTEN, which is highly expressed in normal brain, was reduced only in LCM-enriched tumor specimens with either PTEN mutation or loss in PTEN copy number, with no differences observed in non-microdissected samples. These results were confirmed in an independent, non-microdissected, publicly available protein data set from the TCGA database. Our findings highlight the necessity for careful upfront cellular enrichment in biospecimens that form the basis for targeted therapy selection and for molecular characterization efforts such as TCGA.
An Answer in Search of a Question
Authors: Thomas C. King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Sound educational and social planning requires a data base from which judgments and projections can be made. When a technic that could help develop that data base is presented it should be welcomed and scrutinized. Thus, it was with high hopes that the report of the operative work load carried by a group of surgeons in community practice was received.* In this week's Journal the same technics have been used in an attempt to describe the operating-room activity of surgical residents. The development of the hernia equivalent (HE) simplifies the analysis of the professional efforts that culminate in operating-room episodes. . . .
Serum Cholesterol and Relative Body Weight of Coronary Patients in Different Populations
Authors: ANCEL KEYS, FLAMINIO FIDANZA
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Men under 66 years of age suffering from unequivocal coronary heart disease in the Twin Cities of Minnesota and in Naples, Italy, were compared with clinically healthy men matched in place of residence, age, type of occupation, and socioeconomic status. The Twin Cities patients ( N = 72) did not differ in relative body weight from their controls ( N = 338) and the average relative weight of both groups was less than either of the 2 Naples coronary groups and the upper class Naples control subjects. The average relative body weight of the upper class Naples coronary patients ( N = 54) was insignificantly greater than that of their controls ( N = 89). The Naples working class coronary patients ( N = 54) had a significant tendency to be more often overweight than their controls ( N = 144). The serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in each of the 3 groups of coronary patients than in their corresponding controls and the 3 groups, control and coronary, formed a sharp progression from high to low cholesterol values in the order: Twin Cities, Naples upper class, Naples working class. In the Naples working class, separation into manual and sedentary workers disclosed no differences in either relative body weight or serum cholesterol. The differences in serum cholesterol were accounted for by cholesterol in beta-lipoprotein. None of the 3 control groups differed in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration but in each of the 3 populations the coronary patients tended to have lower alpha values than their controls. The cholesterol data are compatible with the hypothesis that the 3 populations have different frequency distributions of cholesterol values, the coronary patients in each population tending to be drawn from the upper end of the corresponding population distribution, with no general critical level distinguishing all coronary patients as a total group. In the past several years coronary patients in the Twin Cities tend to be so frequently on diets or drugs to control cholesterol that it is increasingly difficult to find patients who may properly characterize the natural history of the disease. The patients reported here were free from this complication.
A 69-Year-Old Man With Chronic Dizziness, 1 Year Later
Authors: Richard A. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pretreatment with PKC activator protects cardiomyocytes against reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture independently of Ca2+ overload
Authors: Y Ladilov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Although several studies have shown that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in protection through ischemic preconditioning, little is known about the effects of direct PKC activation on the course of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a pretreatment with the PKC activator 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (1,2DOG). Methods: Isolated adult Wistar rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to 80 min of simulated ischemia (anoxia, pHo6.4) and 20 min of reoxygenation (pHo7.4). Cytosolic Ca2+ (fura-2), cytosolic pH (BCECF), Mg2+ (Mg-fura-2), lactate and cell length were measured and compared between control cells and cells treated with 20 μmol/l 1,2DOG before anoxia (10 min treatment and 10 min wash out). Results: 1,2DOG-pretreatment delayed the time to extreme ATP depletion, but had no effect on lactate production and cytosolic pH. The accumulation of cytosolic Ca2+ was markedly accelerated in pretreated cells that developed rigor shortening, but reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture was significantly reduced. 1,2DOG, therefore, completely abolished Ca2+-dependence of hypercontracture. The effects of pretreatment were fully abolished with 1 μmol/l bisindolylmaleimide (PKC inhibitor). We conclude that PKC preactivation leads to (1) reduction of energy demand, (2) acceleration of Ca2+ overload during anoxia and (3) prevention of reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture independent of anoxic changes in cytosolic Ca2+ and pH.
Problems of the Elderly — Public-Health Centenary — Crash Helmets and Motorcyclists
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE Minister of Health recently said that the problems of the aged should be a challenge to the public conscience. Improvements in medicine had added years to life, and he believed that the aim should now be to add life to those years.For many elderly persons the provision of suitable living accommodation presents the major problem. The census of 1951 showed that the number living entirely alone is increasing steadily and that most of such one-person households are feminine. In 1951, 3 of every 10 spinsters and widows over the age of sixty lived alone. Many other maiden aunts . . .
Non-biological factors in day to day variation of heparin requirements.
Authors: A. G. Fennerty, M. N. Levine
Journal: BMJ (1989)

disease may have been missed in those subjects who failed to attend for screening or who declined investigation once haematuria was found.Our results show that urine dipsticks, by identifying a high risk group in the male community suitable for investigation, are capable of detecting important urological disease, including bladder cancer.The introduction of less invasive methods of investigation, particularly flexible cystourethroscopy, makes screening for bladder cancer in the community more feasible.The implications for an already overloaded urological service of detecting such a wealth of disease would, however, be enormous and the true value of early detection of cancer will be shown only by a long term controlled study.
Cannabis, pneumothorax and lung bullae: Author's reply
Authors: T. Treasure
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Clinical and pathological entities have diagnostic `frames'.1 For pneumothorax we use clinical and radiological features; tuberculosis is framed by the infecting agent; and lung cancer is defined by its histological features. `Bong lung' grabs our attention2 but it leaves something to be desired as a diagnostic frame. In our review we did two things: defined exactly what entities we were writing about and sought evidence specific to each.

Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum have separate aetiologies. They infrequently co-exist. We see pneumothorax in about 150 patients a year. In the younger group, we find the characteristic apical lung blebs.3 They are from the lung and rarely cause surgical emphysema unless the parietal pleura is breached with a chest drain. In pneumomediastinum, the air is from the gastrointestinal tract or the proximal airways, tracking along the bronchi. Only in severe instances, such as ruptured oesophagus, does it burst through the mediastinal pleura. Pneumomediastinum always merits attention because of the terrible consequences of ruptured oesophagus. It can occur following severe sneezing and Ambu Bag resuscitation due to high pressure breeching the pharyngeal mucosa. This fits well with the report from Houston, Texas 30 years ago.4

Lung bullae (the subject of our review) are quite different again. They are chronic, degenerative and progressive. We used the prospective study of 241 cannabis smokers5 cautiously, to draw the weak inference that if an excess of lung bullae had been seen on the X-ray (which would be a normal part of preparation for bronchoscopy) they would have been mentioned. If there were better evidence we would have cited it.

With reference to a list of conditions Dr Gill writes `... there are too many reports for this to be a coincidence'. For what to be coincidental with what? The case reports include a gallimaufry of acute mechanical and chronic degenerative manifestations with little distinction made between aetiology specific to cannabinoids, the effects of other smoke, or the self-induced pressure changes. Perhaps `bong lung' sums it up.
Infection of Purified Nuclei by Adeno-associated Virus 2
Authors: Jonathan Hansen, Keyun Qing, Arun Srivastava
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV), a nonpathogenic human parvovirus, requires co-infection with a helper virus for its optimal replication. Although AAV possesses a broad host range, certain cell types lack the machinery necessary for efficient entry into the cell and intracellular trafficking of AAV into the nucleus, where the viral second-strand DNA synthesis must occur before gene expression. We have demonstrated that in less-permissive mouse fibroblasts, the virus fails to transport to the nucleus due to altered endocytic processing. However, relatively little is known about the intracellular site of viral uncoating and transport of the virion across the nuclear envelope. Here, we provide evidence that AAV can efficiently enter intact nuclei purified from both permissive and less-permissive cell types. Furthermore, entry into the nucleus is time- and temperature-dependent, but is not saturable and seems to occur independently of the nuclear pore complex. We also demonstrate that purified nuclei contain all of the machinery necessary for uncoating and viral second-strand DNA synthesis even in the absence of a helper virus. These studies provide new insights into the basic biology of AAV and may also have implications for the optimal use of AAV vectors in human gene therapy.
Once-Daily Treatment with Beclomethasone Dipropionate Nasal Aerosol Provides Long-Term and Sustained 24-Hour Nasal Symptom Relief in Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Eric R. Schenkel, William R. Lumry, Harold B. Kaiser, Gary D. Berman, Yu Ding, Sudeesh Tantry
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Admission Body Temperature and Mortality in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure
Authors: Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Saeed Payvar, Yongfei Wang, Mikhail Kosiborod, Frederick A. Masoudi, Edward P. Havranek, JoAnne M. Foody, S. Ward Casscells, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
BONE DENSITY VALUES 120 PERCENT OR GREATER THAN AGE MATCHED: POSSIBLE GROUP RISK FOR BREAST CANCER.
Authors: R. P. Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: I. A. Ratner, O. Swenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ALTHOUGH patients with mesenteric vascular occlusions are being encountered and operated upon more frequently, this disease is a rare entity in the pediatric age group.The first case was reported by Tiedemann1 in an adult in 1843. Four years later Virchow2 described the pathology of the disease in detail. The first recorded mesenteric vascular occlusion in childhood was reported in a five-year-old girl by Taylor3 in 1881. Trotter's4 1913 monograph on this subject reviewed 308 patients, 5 of whom were children, the youngest in his series being four years old. Frank,5 in 1923, described 3 children, eight, ten and twelve . . .
S63 Baseline Asthma Control and Severity Influences the Outcome of Virus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: DJ Jackson, M Trujillo-Torralbo, J Footitt, P Mallia, OM Kon, TT Hansel, SL Johnston
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Rhinovirus (RV) infection is the most common cause of asthma exacerbations (AE). Mechanisms underlying this remain poorly understood. A human model of experimental RV induced AE has been developed however published studies have only recruited subjects with mild, well-controlled asthma naive to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy. The influence of asthma severity and baseline control on outcome remains unknown. For these studies to be more representative of those who experience virus-induced AE there is a need to establish the safety of using this model in subjects with moderate, poorly-controlled asthma and to investigate clinical outcomes. <h3>Method</h3> 48 adults - 14 healthy, 14 mild asthmatic, and 18 moderate asthmatic (defined by GINA) were recruited and inoculated nasally with RV-16. Daily symptom scores and spirometry were recorded throughout the study. Asthma control at baseline was recorded using the ACQ. Nasal lavage (NL) for viral shedding was performed on days 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10. Clinical infection was confirmed by demonstration of RV16 RNA by RT-PCR in NL and/or serum titre of RV-16 specific antibodies greater than 1:4 on d42. <h3>Results</h3> 11/14 healthy, 11/14 mild asthmatic and 17/18 moderate asthmatic volunteers met criteria for infection. Both groups of asthmatics developed greater lower respiratory symptoms, falls in FEV1, and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) compared to healthy volunteers (all <i>P</i>=&lt;0.01). These changes were significantly greater in the moderate asthmatics than in the mild asthmatics (<i>P</i>=&lt;0.05). Poorly-controlled asthmatics experienced greater chest symptoms (<i>P</i>=&lt;0.01) and RV-induced falls in lung function (<i>P</i>=&lt;0.05) compared to subjects with well-controlled asthma. <h3>Conclusion</h3> RV infection results in more severe chest symptoms and falls in lung function in moderate asthma than in mild asthma. Within the moderate group the poorly-controlled asthmatics experienced the most severe exacerbations. This occurred despite therapy with ICS. This is the first study to experimentally inoculate both moderate, poorly-controlled and milder well-controlled asthmatics. Both severity and baseline control appear to influence the outcome of virus-induced AE. Measures to improve control will significantly reduce the likelihood of a severe virus-induced AE and lessen the healthcare costs associated with them.