tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mental health problems at work.
Authors: F Creed
Journal: BMJ (1993)

in organising the randomised trials that are needed to evaluate the numerous interventions that have been sug- gested and are in current use.Finally, venous thromboembolism.Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are avoidable and treatable risks for all ill patients.Yet few hospitals provide a coherent and informed preventive service, or a good treatment service, of the sort that has been pioneered at McMaster University Medical School in Ontario.There is surely a gap here which medical angiologists could fill, because both prevention and treatment are almost entirely medical rather than surgical, much is known.and can be done, and certainly more research is needed.There is therefore a good argument to develop medical services for patients with peripheral vascular disease in collaboration with vascular surgeons and services for venous thromboembolism.Physicians with an interest in such disorders-medical angiologists-might also take on Raynaud's disease and other vasospastic disorders, perhaps contribute to vascular prevention clinics, and possibly plug gaps in services for coronary heart disease and stroke.But they cannot spread themselves too thinly because to cover all vascular disorders would require training and competence in general medicine, cardiology, neurology, and haematology -which would be completely unrealistic.At present there are perhaps five physicians in Britain who would admit to being medical angiologists, though I suspect that they are counted as general physicians.The European working group's proposal for one or two per 100 000 population is so unrealistic that it undermines the group's case.It would mean as many as 1000 medical angiologists in Britain.To start with it would be best to train and appoint some general physicians with an interest in angiology in a few teaching hospitals and large district general hospitals.Eventually, however, medical angiologists would have to convince purchasers to buy their services-so someone somewhere needs to show that the outcome for patients with peripheral vascular disease would be improved and that the incidence and ravages of venous thromboembolism could be reduced.Here, then, is the challenge to medical angiologists: prove that we need you.
Induction of sustained patency after clot-selective coronary thrombolysis with Hybrid-B, a genetically engineered plasminogen activator with a prolonged biological half-life.
Authors: C J Weinheimer, H L James, N K Kalyan, J Wilhelm, S G Lee, P P Hung, B E Sobel, S R Bergmann
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Despite the utility of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in eliciting coronary thrombolysis clinically, early reocclusion remains a problem, occurring despite anticoagulation in 5-30% of patients with initially successful recanalization. This study evaluated the utility of Hybrid-B, a molecular variant of t-PA with a prolonged half-life in the circulation, in eliciting coronary thrombolysis and maintaining patency in the presence of a continuing thrombogenic stimulus.In intact, anesthetized dogs, either 18 mg Hybrid-B over 30 minutes (n = 15) or 50 mg t-PA (Activase) over 60 minutes (n = 8) was administered starting 60 minutes after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion was induced with a thrombogenic copper coil. Time to lysis averaged 54 +/- 26 (means +/- SD) minutes and 64 +/- 34 minutes with Hybrid-B and t-PA, respectively (p = NS). When Hybrid-B was administered as a bolus (20 mg over 1 minute) to induce a high initial concentration in blood, time to lysis was shortened markedly and averaged 15 +/- 5 minutes. Dogs given Hybrid-B by either infusion or bolus exhibited prolonged time to reocclusion (337 +/- 192 minutes compared with 192 +/- 125 minutes in dogs given t-PA, p less than 0.03), reflecting maintenance of a subthrombolytic but persistently active concentration of activator in blood. Despite the persistence of Hybrid-B in blood, concentrations of fibrinogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin were not depleted markedly and remained at 77 +/- 25 and 56 +/- 24%, respectively, of control values.Thus, Hybrid-B, a novel variant of t-PA with unique pharmacokinetic properties, elicits prompt, sustained, and clot-selective coronary thrombolysis.
A macroregenerative nodule containing multiple foci of hepatocellular carcinoma in a noncirrhotic liver
Authors: Neil D. Theise, Jonathan D. Lapook, Swan N. Thung
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We report an incidental small hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis. The existence of portal triads and the Meyenburg complexes within the lesion and atypical subnodules suggests that the carcinoma has arisen in the context of a macroregenerative nodule rather than the whole nodule being an early, spreading carcinoma. A growing body of evidence supports macroregenerative nodules as being precursor lesions in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although they are generally thought of as being large cirrhotic nodules, this case suggests that they may be lesions that develop in the context of chronic liver disease, parallel to, but independently of, cirrhosis. Moreover, the development of carcinoma within the nodule suggests that macroregenerative nodules may play a role in carcinogenesis in noncirrhotic livers.
Corticosteroids in Latent Amoebiasis
Authors: V. R. Mody
Journal: BMJ (1959)

<h3>Objective</h3> Mechanical evaluation of dyssynchrony by echocardiography has not replaced ECG in routine cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) evaluation because of its complexity and lack of reproducibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential correlations between electromechanical parameters (atrioventricular, interventricular and intraventricular from the dyssynchrony model presented in 2000), their ability to describe dyssynchrony and their potential use in resynchrony. <h3>Methods</h3> 455 sets of the 18 parameters of the model obtained in 91 patients submitted to various pacing configurations were evaluated two by two using a Pearson correlation test and then by groups according to their ability to describe dyssynchrony, using the Column selection method of machine learning. <h3>Results</h3> The best parameter is duration of septal contraction, which alone describes 25% of dyssynchrony. The best groups of 3, 4 and ≥8 variables describe 59%, 73% and almost 100% of dyssynchrony, respectively. Left pre-ejection interval is highly and significantly correlated to a maximum of other variables, and its decrease is associated with the favourable evolution of all other correlated parameters. Increase in filling duration and decrease in duration of septum to lateral wall contraction difference are not associated with the favourable evolution of other parameters. <h3>Conclusions</h3> No single electromechanical parameter alone can fully describe dyssynchrony. The 18-parameter model can be simplified, but still requires at least 4–8 parameters. Decrease in left pre-ejection interval favourably drives resynchrony in a maximum of other parameters. Increase in filling duration and decrease in septum–lateral wall difference do not appear to be good CRT targets.
Novel drugs for treating angina
Authors: D. A. Jones, A. Timmis, A. Wragg
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To assess pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) for early signs of homeostatic and functional abnormalities in conventional (T<sub>con</sub>) and regulatory T cells (T<sub>reg</sub>). <h3>Methods:</h3> We studied the composition of the peripheral T-cell compartment and T<sub>reg</sub> function in a cross-sectional study with 30 pediatric MS (pMS) patients by multicolor flow cytometry and proliferation assays. Data were compared to those obtained from adult patients (n = 26) and age-matched control donors (n = 67). <h3>Results:</h3> Proportions of naive T cells were 10%–20% higher in children than in adults, reflecting the age-related decline. pMS patients, however, had clearly lower numbers of naive T cells, among them recent thymic emigrants (RTE), whereas percentages of memory T cells were increased. In the T<sub>reg</sub> compartment, reduced RTE numbers coincided with markedly dampened suppressive capacities of total T<sub>reg</sub>. These homeostatic changes in circulating T cells precisely paralleled the pattern seen in adult MS. As in adults, treatment with immunomodulatory drugs attenuated these alterations. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The homeostatic changes detected in the T-cell compartment in pMS are similar to those in adult-onset disease. With ratios between naive and memory T-cell subsets matching those of 20- to 30-years-older controls, signs of early thymic involution are already found in pMS, suggesting that an intrinsic compromise in thymic-dependent T-cell neogenesis might contribute to MS pathogenesis.
Post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (Sudeck's atrophy): effects of regional guanethidine infusion and salmon calcitonin.
Authors: N N McKay, N J Woodhouse, A K Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1977)

severe vaginal discharge and recurrent labial abscesses, she agreed to an examination under anaesthetic, and a rectovaginal fistula was identified.She refused surgical excision of the rectum and was treated with oral pred- nisolone.The patient was re-admitted to hospital as an emergency in August 1976 with a three-day history of malaise, rigors, suprapubic pain, and four months' amenorrhoea.Her temperature was 39 0 C and pulse rate 112/minute.There was definite lower abdominal tenderness but no evidence of peritonitis.Investigations disclosed a haemoglobin of 9-7 g/dl and a white cell count of 16 x 109/1.Plain x-ray films of the abdomen showed a pelvic soft tissue mass
Cerebral blood flow and vasodilatory capacity in anemia secondary to chronic renal failure
Authors: Yasuo Kuwabara, Masayuki Sasaki, Hideki Hirakata, Hirofumi Koga, Makoto Nakagawa, Tao Chen, Koichiro Kaneko, Kouji Masuda, Masatoshi Fujishima
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
The Cast Syndrome
Authors: Marvin H. Dorph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE purpose of this paper is to call attention to the dangers of pernicious vomiting in connection with the application of a body cast. Cases of acute gastric dilatation abound in both textbooks and periodic literature, but there is remarkably little material concerning the application of a body cast as a cause. No detailed description of acute gastric dilatation (gastrectasia) is given, but a brief background is offered.Acute gastric dilatation was first mentioned by von Rokitansky1 in 1861, and his theory of its etiology still holds. He believed, and his theory is substantiated by Conner2 and others, that the . . .
Impaired insulin-induced sympathetic neural activation and vasodilation in skeletal muscle in obese humans.
Authors: P Vollenweider, D Randin, L Tappy, E Jéquier, P Nicod, U Scherrer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The sympathetic nervous system is an important regulatory mechanism of both metabolic and cardiovascular function, and altered sympathetic activity may play a role in the etiology and/or complications of obesity. In lean subjects, insulin evokes sympathetic activation and vasodilation in skeletal muscle. In obese subjects such vasodilation is impaired and, in turn, may contribute to insulin resistance. To examine the relationship between sympathetic and vasodilatory responses in skeletal muscle to hyperinsulinemia, we simultaneously measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and calf blood flow at basal and during a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (6 pmol/kg per min) euglycemic clamp in eight lean and eight obese subjects. The major findings of this study are twofold: obese subjects had a 2.2 times higher fasting rate of MSNA, and euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, which more than doubled MSNA and increased calf blood flow by roughly 30% in lean subjects, had only a minor vasodilatory and sympathoexcitatory effect in obese subjects. In contrast, two non-insulin-sympathetic stimuli evoked comparably large increases in MSNA in lean and obese subjects. We conclude that insulin resistance in obese subjects is associated with increased fasting MSNA and a specific impairment of sympathetic neural responsiveness to physiological hyperinsulinemia in skeletal muscle tissue.
Tufted folliculitis in a 10-year-old child
Authors: S A Grabczynska, C A Holden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Tufted folliculitis in a 10‐year‐old child Get access S A Grabczynska, S A Grabczynska Dermatology Department, St Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 1AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C A Holden C A Holden Dermatology Department, St Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 1AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 5, 1 May 1999, Pages 975–976, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02846.x Published: 01 May 1999
Brief Psychotherapy of Psychiatric Reactions to Physical Illness
Authors: EDWARD H. STEIN, JESSICA MURDAUGH, JOHN A. MACLEOD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Physical illness or trauma often leads to psychiatric complications sufficiently complex to require psychotherapeutic intervention. The authors have found brief psychotherapy to be especially suitable in such cases. They emphasize three techniques they have found to be useful: 1) a focus upon denial as the primary defense; 2) attention to the narcissistic injury which is so frequently created by the illness or trauma; and 3) exploration of the patient's cognitive understanding of the illness, with a particular search for cognitive blocks that retard recovery until detected and resolved. A case report is presented to illustrate these techniques.
Shades of Dry — Curing Urinary Stress Incontinence
Authors: Kris Strohbehn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Urinary incontinence is a common condition affecting 20 to 40% of older women.1 The two most common types of urinary incontinence are stress incontinence, the involuntary loss of urine resulting from increased abdominal pressures (such as with a cough or Valsalva's maneuver), and urge incontinence, the involuntary loss of urine after an unwanted contraction of the detrusor muscle.2 Some patients have mixed incontinence with both types of conditions.The frequency of both types of urinary incontinence increases with age, with peaks in prevalence around menopause and after the age of 65 years.3,4 Obesity and multiparity are recognized risk factors . . .
Current versus future, not genes versus parenting
Authors: James S. Chisholm, David A. Coall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Gangestad &amp; Simpson's model of the evolution of within-sex differences in reproductive strategies requires a degree of female choice that probably did not exist because of male coercion. We argue as well that the tradeoff between current and future reproduction accounts for more of the within-sex differences in reproductive strategies than the “good-genes-good parenting” tradeoff they propose.
"TRANSPLANTING THE EYE"
Authors: A. J. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —In view of the communication of Dr. Joseph Imre (The Journal, October 4, p. 1097), I ask space for the following statements:   Dr. Theodor Koppanyi has been on the research staff of our laboratory since January 1 of this year. Some weeks ago there appeared in the Chicago daily papers statements of alleged reports made and results obtained by Dr. Koppanyi in transplanting eyes in mammals. No such statements or information was given to the press by Dr. Koppanyi. They were not authorized by the laboratory. The editors of the Chicago papers did not refer the stories either to Dr. Koppanyi or to the laboratory for verification.  In view of Dr. Imre's insinuations against Dr. Koppanyi personally and his remarkable dictum that the regeneration of the optic nerve is a biologic absurdity, I feel compelled, in advance of publication, to state briefly the results so
1210 ABT-267 COMBINED WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALPHA-2A/RIBAVIRIN IN GENOTYPE 1 (GT1) HCV-INFECTED TREATMENT-NAIVE SUBJECTS: 12 WEEK ANTIVIRAL AND SAFETY ANALYSIS
Authors: G.J. Sullivan, M. Rodriques-Torres, E. Lawitz, F. Poordad, M. Kapoor, A. Campbell, C. Setze, W. Xie, A. Khatri, E. Dumas, P. Krishnan, T. Pilot-Matias, L. Williams, B. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Global Push: Multicontinent Project Assesses Particulate Matter and Birth Weight
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Matter and Birth WeightMaternal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, defined as a full-term infant weighing less than 2,500 g (about 5 lb, 8 oz) at birth.But it's been difficult to translate these findings into health-protective policies because of inconsistencies across studies-something the International Collaboration on Air Pollution and Pregnancy Outcomes (ICAPPO) is working to remedy.This worldwide, multicenter project used a common analysis protocol to derive combined effect estimates of maternal exposure to coarse and fine particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively) and to assess differences in how the centers conducted their individual studies Dadvand et al.].ICAPPO researchers at 14 centers in 9 countries generated effect estimates for ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 in relation to more than 3 million live, singleton, term births.For this analysis, the authors used a meta-analysis approach to synthesize contributing factors such as study setting, availability of air pollutant data, birth data, and maternal socioeconomic status.They estimated combined effects across centers and used meta-regression analysis to determine how each center's particular characteristics and exposure assessment methods influenced differences in effect estimates among centers.All these factors can contribute to variation in results across studies.Higher maternal exposure to PM 10 and PM 2.5 was associated with lower birth weight across the study population.The © Kangah
Notch Receptor Activation Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Differentiation
Authors: Songli Wang, Andrei D Sdrulla, Guy diSibio, Gay Bush, Donna Nofziger, Carol Hicks, Gerry Weinmaster, Ben A Barres
Journal: Neuron (1998)

In this study, we show that oligodendrocyte differentiation is powerfully inhibited by activation of the Notch pathway. Oligodendrocytes and their precursors in the developing rat optic nerve express Notch1 receptors and, at the same time, retinal ganglion cells express Jagged1, a ligand of the Notch1 receptor, along their axons. Jagged1 expression is developmentally regulated, decreasing with a time course that parallels myelination in the optic nerve. These results suggest that the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination is controlled by the Notch pathway and raise the question of whether localization of myelination is controlled by this pathway.
Abstract 10598: Persistently Worsened Diastolic Dysfunction Score Evaluated by Multiple Echocardiographic Parameters Predicts Poor Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Shintaro Sasaki, Tetsu Watanabe, Harutoshi Tamura, Satoshi Nishiyama, Masahiro Wanezaki, Takanori Arimoto, Hiroki Takahashi, Tetsuro Shishido, Takehiko Miyashita, Takuya Miyamoto, Isao Kubota
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Road signs guiding leukocytes along the inflammation superhighway
Authors: Bruce S. Bochner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)

The term inflammation is used to describe the localized tissue changes, including leukocyte extravasation, that occur as part of the response to tissue damage, infection, or other immunologic responses. This carefully orchestrated series of events requires the existence of highly specific, regulated mechanisms for control of leukocyte recruitment and is dependent on both the inciting event and organ involved. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of how adhesion molecules and chemokines interact to facilitate tissue-specific and leukocyte subtype–specific influx during inflammation. Novel mechanisms believed to be responsible for capture and compartmentalization of B and T lymphocytes within lymph nodes are discussed, along with a description of adhesion molecule– and chemokine-mediated pathways that are believed to be involved in selective recruitment of lymphocytes and eosinophils to a variety of tissues, including the skin, gut, and lung. This growing knowledge and its potential importance provide enthusiasm for future anti-inflammatory therapies that target these recruitment pathways. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:817-28.)
Avoiding midazolam overdose: summary of a safety report from the National Patient Safety Agency
Authors: T. Lamont, L. Matthew, D. Cousins, J. Green
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Midazolam is often used intravenously in single doses of between 0.5 mg and 2.5 mg for conscious sedation of patients for endoscopy or minor surgery as well as for dentistry. Its potential for oversedating patients is well documented by gastroenterologists and others.1 2 Between November 2004 and November 2008, healthcare staff reported 498 dosing errors for midazolam to the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) in England and Wales through the agency’s web based surveillance system; in three cases the patient died. Part of an entry in the report from one healthcare professional read: “Patient given intravenous midazolam 7 mg and 5 mg =12 mg by Dr [staff name] and during the procedure (gastroscopy and colonoscopy) then was unrousable. There has been a trend of incidents related to this procedure and this matter has been raised with the unit manager.” 

This summary is based on the safety report (known as a “rapid response report” or “RRR”) from the NPSA on how to prevent overdose of midazolam. The RRR highlights …
New Therapies for Fabry's Disease
Authors: William A. Gahl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The treatment of a genetic disorder requires in-depth understanding of a biochemical aberration, clinical expertise in treating the target disease, and customized approaches to caring for individual patients. Recent advances in the treatment of Fabry's disease illustrate these points and show that enzyme-replacement therapy can be safe and efficacious for certain rare inborn errors of metabolism.Fabry's disease, an X-linked lysosomal-storage disorder, is due to a deficiency of α-galactosidase A.1 In the glycosphingolipid catabolic pathway, this enzyme removes the third sugar residue, a galactose, attached to ceramide. Without this enzyme, globotriaosylceramide (Figure 1) accumulates within the vascular epithelium, heart, kidneys, . . .
Mantle cell lymphoma presenting as multiple lymphomatous polyposis spreading widely to the small intestine and diagnosed by double-balloon endoscopy
Authors: K. Hotta, T. Oyama, Y. Kitamura, A. Tomori, Y. Miyata, T. Mitsuishi
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

It is well recognized that gastrointestinal spread of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) frequently involves the colorectum and the stomach [1]. However, involvement of the small intestine has not yet been sufficiently studied. This is a first report of MCL in which involvement of the entire small intestine was studied by double-balloon endoscopy (DBE).