tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant, Adjuvant and Palliative Chemotherapy Have Different DNA Oxidative Damage and Repair Profiles.
Authors: V. Laura, R. MCarmen, S. Pedro, R. Cesar, G. Sergio, L. Jose, Q. Jose
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Antineoplastic agents induce oxidative stress in biological systems leading to lipid, carbohydrate, protein and DNA damage and affecting cell structure and function. These adverse effects may fuel up the acquisition of new mutations and the development of treatment resistances and secondary malignancies.Methods: We selected 90 breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant, adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy, to test the effect of this treatment on the systemic oxidative stress. The patients were distributed in equal groups and paired blood samples, before and after chemotherapy, were extracted. DNA oxidative damage was assessed by alkaline comet assay and a specific inmnoenzymoassay was employed to determine RPA and Ku86 DNA repair activity.Results: We found that neoadjuvant patients presented a marked raise in DNA damage after chemotherapy (Figure 1A). DNA repair activity of KU86 was significantly higher in the adjuvant setting and significantly lower in the neoadjuvant and metastatic settings after chemotherapy. Before chemotherapy administration, KU86 activity was higher in the metastatic and neoadjuvant groups compared to the adjuvant group (Figure 1B).Discussion: Our results show that chemotherapy induces the production of free radicals to an extent that causes a severe DNA damage. High levels of DNA damage are maintained along successive clinical interventions, due to continued production of free radicals during breast cancer treatment, despite the activation of the repair mechanisms that are not sufficient to overcome the effects of the oxidative stress at this level. Our work shows that breast cancer treatment affects the redox status of the patients and, because of its effects into cellular signaling pathways and gene expression, it must be considered as a potential therapeutic target to improve breast cancer treatment and minimize the associated toxicity.Figure legend 1.- Oxidative DNA damage and DNA repair markers in neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic patients, before and after chemotherapy. (A) Percentage of DNA in the tail of lymphocytes, as measured by comet assay. (B) DNA repair activity of KU86. Intragroup statistical differences owed to chemotherapy are indicated as ‡ (P&amp;lt;0.001) or * (P&amp;lt;0.05). Intergroup statistical differences for each period (before and after chemotherapy) (P&amp;lt;0.05) are indicated by the letters a and b, in such a way that the measures with different superscript letters, are statistically different.Figure legend 2.- Fluorescent microscope images of damaged lymphocytes from a neoadjuvant patient before (A) and after (B) chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1123.
The Checkerboard Sign
Authors: DARLENE FINK-BENNETT, KORAMBETH P. RAVIKRISHNAN, JEANETTE A. UNDERHILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Pulmonary tumor emboli, which are uncommon, are found in approximately 2.4% to 26% of autopsy cases. They can be divided into two classes: massive or submassive and multiple pulmonary tumor microemboli. Clinically, they manifest in the same way as do thromboembolic emboli. Scintigraphically, pulmonary tumor microemboli appear as small peripheral subsegmental perfusion–ventilation mismatched defects or have a checkerboard appearance (the checkerboard sign). Recognition of pulmonary tumor microemboli is important, because therapy does not involve heparin treatment, as with thromboembolic disease, but rather is chemotherapy. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: (A) Anterior, (B) posterior, and (C) left and right lateral images of the lungs reveal rectangular areas of reduced Tc-99m MAA within the upper lung fields (the checkerboard sign) and in the interlobar fissure.Figure 1: ContinuedFIGURE 2Fig. 2: (A) Anterior, (B) posterior, and (C) left and right lateral images of the lungs reveal a more homogeneous distribution of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol in the upper lung fields and within the interlobar fissure.Figure 2: ContinuedFIGURE 3Fig. 3: Histologic analysis of a lung section reveals tumor emboli within small pulmonary arteries, the findings that created the “checkerboard sign” in this patient with infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma, who came to the emergency room in acute respiratory distress (1,2).
Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: results of two personal exposure studies.
Authors: R A Jenkins, R W Counts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Personal monitoring is a more accurate measure of individual exposure to airborne constituents because it incorporates human activity patterns and collects actual breathing zone samples to which subjects are exposed. Two recent studies conducted by our laboratory offer perspective on occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from a personal exposure standpoint. In a study of nearly 1600 workers, levels of ETS were lower than or comparable to those in earlier studies. Limits on smoking in designated areas also acted to reduce overall exposure of workers. In facilities where smoking is permitted, ETS exposures are 10 to 20 times greater than in facilities in which smoking is banned. Service workers were exposed to higher levels of ETS than workers in white-collar occupations. For the narrower occupational category of waiters, waitresses, and bartenders, a second study in one urban location indicated that ETS levels to which wait staff are exposed are not considerably different from those exposure levels of subjects in the larger study who work in environments in which smoking is unrestricted. Bartenders were exposed to higher ETS levels, but there is a distinction between bartenders working in smaller facilities and those working in multiroom restaurant bars, with the former exposed to higher levels of ETS than the latter. In addition, ETS levels encountered by these more highly exposed workers are lower that those estimated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Concomitant area monitoring in the smaller study suggests that area samples can only be used to estimate individual personal exposure to within an order of magnitude or greater.
97. Translational Studies toward Optimizing In Vivo Bone Marrow Stem Cell Gene Transfer Using Lentiviral Vector
Authors: D. Nicole Worsham, Daren Wang, Christof von Kalle, David A. Williams, Dao Pan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

strategy is hampered by low efficiency of gene transfer and expression in repopulating HSC. To overcome this problem, we analyze the effect of overexpression of HoxB4, which can expand HSC, in mouse BM cells by transplantation of MLD mice. 5FU treated GFP mouse BM cells were transduced with retroviral vector expressing HoxB4 (B4) or control retroviral vector expressing GFP (MIG). After expansion of these transduced cells in vitro for five days transplantation was performed into irradiated MLD mice. High level of engraftment was observed in B4 transplanted MLD mice (B4MLD) compared to MIG transplanted MLD mice (MIGMLD)(92.4 vs. 36.5 %). ASA enzyme activity in serum was also increased in B4MLD compared to MIGMLD (19.8 vs. 10.3 nm/mg/hr). To evaluate the contribution of bone marrow cells as carriers for gene therapy of neurological disorders, we studied the fate of transplanted BM cells in the adult mouse brain. Efficient GFP positive neuronal cells were detected in B4MLD brain compared to MIGMLD brain. Immunohistochemical staining showed that most of the GFP positive cells ware IbaI positive microglia cells as we and others reported. In addition, O4 positive oligodendocyte like cells were identified only in the B4MLD brain but not in the MIGMLD brain (O4 positive/GFP positive: 6/326 vs. 0/312). This is the first demonstration indicating that systemically infused HSCc could differentiate to oligodendrocytes in adult mouse brain. It was recently suggested that HoxB4 could play a role in oligodendrocyte maturation. Our data strongly support that HSCs transduced with HoxB4 expression vector are useful for ex vivo gene therapy of CNS disorders as carriers of production of therapeutic protein and for regeneration of oligodendrocytes to treat demyelinating disorders such as MLD, Krabbe disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Transmission of a T-Cell Lymphoma by Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Karin D. Berg, Nooshin K. Brinster, Karen M. Huhn, Michael G. Goggins, Richard J. Jones, Adel Makary, Kathleen M. Murphy, Constance A. Griffin, Lynne S. Rosenblum-Vos, Michael J. Borowitz, Hossein C. Nousari, James R. Eshleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

2][3] These post-transplantation cancers are usually associated with exposure to radiation, other genotoxic agents, or Epstein-Barr virus; in rare cases, they result from the transfer of neoplastic cells in transplanted tissue. 4e describe two sisters, one the donor and the other the recipient of a bone marrow transplant, in whom subcutaneous panniculitic T-cell lymphoma 5,6 developed three years after the procedure.The finding of identical T-cell clones in the tumors of both sisters implicated the transfer of neoplastic T cells during bone marrow transplantation as the cause of the recipient's subcutaneous lymphoma.
Complete cure of HBV-HDV co-infection after 24weeks of combination therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in a patient co-infected with HBV/HCV/HDV/HIV
Authors: Joel Gozlan, Karine Lacombe, Elyanne Gault, Gilles Raguin, Pierre-Marie Girard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

Multiple hepatitis co-infections are frequent in HIV-infected patients, often resulting in severe liver diseases that are difficult to treat. We report here the complete resolution of a chronic hepatitis B and D co-infection in a patient who was also infected with HCV and HIV. This cure was observed after 24weeks of combination therapy associating pegylated-IFN and ribavirin, which was initially given to treat HCV. An unexpected and extensive HDV replication was observed in this patient after HBs Ag had cleared from the serum, which was followed by a stable halt in HDV replication. Implications of this unusual observation will be discussed.
Lymphocytes Migrate from the Blood into the Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Lung Parenchyma in the Asthma Model of the Brown Norway Rat
Authors: MARTIN SCHUSTER, THOMAS TSCHERNIG, NORBERT KRUG, REINHARD PABST
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Lymphocyte migration from the blood into the lung has been suggested as being responsible for the increase of lymphocytes, in particular CD4 T cells, in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial mucosa in human asthma, but so far there has been no direct proof. We studied lymphocyte immigration and lymphocyte subpopulations in three lung compartments in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged brown Norway (BN) rats. Increased numbers of CD4 and interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor–positive T cells were found in the BAL and lung parenchyma in treated animals, but also increased numbers of CD8 T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. For direct proof of lymphocyte migration from the blood into the lung, leukocytes were labeled with a fluorescent dye, 5- (and 6-) carboxyfluorescein-diacetate-succinimidyl-ester (CFSE), and injected intravenously immediately prior to OVA aerosol challenge. One day after challenge the number of CFSE+, i.e., newly immigrated lymphocytes, was determined by flow cytometry gated on the lymphocyte cluster. A 15 times (1.5 times) higher number of CFSE+ lymphocytes was found in the BAL (the lung parenchyma) of treated animals in comparison with control rats. In the BAL 51.8% of CFSE+ cells were CD4-positive (parenchyma 72.7%) and 29.4% IL-2 receptor–positive (parenchyma 34.2%). There was no difference whether the leukocytes for labeling and injection were obtained from untreated or from OVA-sensitized donor animals. Our data show that lymphocyte immigration is at least in part responsible for the increase in lymphocyte numbers in the BAL and lung parenchyma in this animal asthma model. Schuster M, Tschernig T, Krug N, Pabst R. Lymphocytes migrate from the blood into the bronchoalveolar lavage and lung parenchyma in the asthma model of the brown Norway rat.
AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS
Authors: HEATHER M. DICK, J. EILEEN BAIRD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS Get access HEATHER M. DICK, HEATHER M. DICK Department of Bacteriology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. EILEEN BAIRD J. EILEEN BAIRD Department of Bacteriology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue s8, 1 June 1972, Pages 28–34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb15411.x Published: 01 June 1972
Pederasty vs. Prostitution.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1897)

New York, N. Y., Sept. 20, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to Dr. Howard's article, "Pederasty vs. Prostitution," in theJournalof May 15, I would state the following facts: "In Japan, where prostitution is licensed, in some of the provinces tea girls and archery-gallery girls have assumed the position of unlicensed prostitutes. In the two provinces which have produced the greatest statesmen of that country, notably the statesmen who overthrew the old Tycoon and restored the power of the Mikado, Choishin and Tatsuma, pederasty is wide-spread and licensed prostitution was never permitted. In these provinces and among those who hail from these provinces the homo-sexual vice is shamelessly rampant; it is even theoretically defended with would be scientific arguments. In the Saigo rebellion in 1877 a Minister of the Interior was assassinated because he loved the<i>bichonen</i>of another statesman. Bichonen is the name given to the puer. The
Isolated human papillomavirus 18-positive extragenital bowenoid papulosis and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia
Authors: D. Purnell, A. Ilchyshyn, D. Jenkins, A. Salim, R. Seth, D. Snead
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We report a case of isolated extragenital bowenoid papulosis (BP) in a young man with an idiopathic low CD4 count. The lesions occurred on the dorsal aspect of his left middle finger and were not associated with genital involvement. Polymerase chain reaction studies of a biopsy demonstrated human papillomavirus 18. As far as we are aware, this is the first documented case of BP (genital or extragenital) associated with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.
105 BLOCK OF HEPATITIS DELTA INFECTION BY THE ENTRY INHIBITOR MYRCLUDEX B IN UPA MICE: ESTABLISHMENT OF AN EFFICIENT MOUSE MODEL FOR HUMAN HBV/HDV INFECTION
Authors: M. Lutgehetmann, L.V. Mancke, L. Allweiss, T. Volz, M. Helbig, A.W. Lohse, A. Alexandrov, J. Petersen, S. Urban, M. Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
OC-132 Cardiopulmonary exercise testing increases hepatectomy rate in the elderly
Authors: D Dunne, R Jones, H Malik, G Poston, D Palmer, S Jack, S Fenwick
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatectomy offers the only possibility of cure to patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and although 50% of CRLM patients are &gt;70, only 25% of those undergoing hepatectomy are &gt;70.<sup>1</sup> This is likely to be due to the higher perioperative mortality. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can identify patients at higher operative risk.<sup>2</sup> We introduced CPET on 1 October 2009. This study assesses its effect on patient selection and outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> After 1 October 2009 all patients undergoing resection of CRLM meeting one of the following criteria underwent CPET. Criteria Planned extended right/or extended left resection Over 65 Significant comorbidities Data were collected prospectively. Group (A) 1 October 2009–21 February 2011 was compared to a published historical series 1 August 1990 to 1 April 2007 (Group B). We also compared our results to a recently published series from LiverMetSuvey (LMS).<sup>1</sup> <h3>Results</h3> Group A 155 patients, Group B 654 patients. In Group A 64 (41%) patients were 70+, Group B 181 (28%) patients (p&lt;0.0001). Within the over 709s groups here was no difference in male:female ratio or postoperative complications, but there was an increased use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Group A 26 patients (40%) vs 34 patients (19%) Group B (p=0.001). In hospital mortality was 1.6% (1 patient) Group A vs 4.9% (9 patients) group B (p=0.46). Comparing Group A to LMS data<sup>1</sup> from 1/1986 to 6/2007 (7764 resections). Group A 41% aged 70+ vs 21% LMS (p&lt;0.01). No significant difference in neoadjuvant chemotherapy use (Group A 41% vs LMS 34%) (p=0.22), or 60 day mortality (Group A—1 patient (1.6%) vs 62 (3.8%) LMS) (p=0.51). <h3>Conclusion</h3> CPET enabled accurate preoperative fitness assessment and led to a significant increase in the number of patients over the age of 70 proceeding to surgery. There is a trend towards lower mortality possibly due to better preoperative assessment. We believe that the number of hepatectomies undertaken for CRLM in patients aged over 70 would rise if CPET were introduced as a standard preoperative assessment tool. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Adam R</b>, Frilling A, Elias D, <i>et al</i>; LiverMetSurvey Centres. Liver resection of colorectal metastasis in elderly patients. <i>Br J Surg</i> 2010;<b>97</b>:366–76. 2. <b>Smith TB</b>, Stonell C, Purkayastha S, <i>et al.</i> Cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a risk assessment method in non cardio-pulmonary surgery: a systematic review. <i>Anaesthesia</i> 2009;<b>64</b>:883–93.
Chronic Passive Congestion of the Liver Appearing as Focal Defects on Liver Imaging
Authors: CHARLES A. BARNETT, RONALD OLSON, ROBERT C. STADALNIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Chronic passive congestion (hyperemia) of the liver can appear as space occupying lesions as seen on the 99mTc-sulfur colloid image. This entity should be added to the list of causes for false positive liver images, and should be in the differential diagnosis when liver defects are present in a patient with intractable cardiorespiratory failure.
ONYCHOMYCOSIS TRICHOPHYTINA,WITH REPORT OF TWO CASES.
Authors: A. RAVOGLI
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The nails, like any other epidermic tissue, are exposed to the invasion of the trichophyton, yet cases of the kind occur rather rarely. Saubouraud, in the department of the ringworm affections in the Hospital St. Louis, considers onychomycosis trichophytina a rare disease. Neuberger<sup>1</sup>referred to the fact that Anderson, in Glasgow, among 11,000 cases of cutaneous diseases, of which 178 were of trichophytic nature, did not have a single case of trichophyties of the nails. White, of Boston, in 5,000 cases of diseases of the skin, with 180 cases of tinea trichophytina, did not have one case of trichophytic onychomycosis. On the other hand, Pellizzari, Arnozan, Dubruille have often seen cases of the kind, and Pick considers this affection of the nails not so rare as stated by the others. In some cases of onychomycosis trichophytina, the origin of the fungus is clearly found as patches of herpes tonsurans in
Age-Related Differences in Case-Fatality Rates Among Diabetic Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Findings from National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1979–1987
Authors: Richard S Cooper, Ivan V Pacold, Earl S Ford
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To determine age-related differences in case-fatality rates among diabetic patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Published studies have demonstrated 60% higher case-fatality rates during acute MI among diabetic patients compared with those without diabetes. However, many previous reports have been of insufficient size to examine the effect of age on mortality and have not been drawn from a representative sample of hospitals. The National Hospital Discharge Survey provides data on discharge diagnosis and vital status from a random sample of ∼ 500 short-stay American hospitals. Research Design and Methods In this analysis, people with acute MI listed as the first diagnosis on the discharge sheet were studied. Any mention of diabetes mellitus on the discharge sheet was used to stratify the patients into those with and without diabetes. Results Age-adjusted case-fatality rates were identical in patients with and without diabetes for both sexes: 16.1 vs. 16.3 in men and 18 vs. 18.2 in women, respectively. Mortality rates were, however, higher among the younger patients with diabetes. Ratios of the case-fatality percentage by 10-yr age-groups (age 35-75 yr) and ≤ 75 yr old for diabetes versus no diabetes were 1.7, 1.8, 1.2, 0.9, and 0.9 for men and 2.4, 1.2, 1.1, 1, and 0.9 for women. Conclusions Diabetes thus appears to increase the in-hospital mortality risk with acute MI disproportionately in the younger age-groups, particularly among men, and does not appear to be a marker of increased risk among the elderly.
Ureteric Calculus Causing Anuria
Authors: N. J. S. Nathan, C. Josephs
Journal: BMJ (1948)

a patient aged 12 on whom he operated for increasing ob- struction with vomiting, and in whom the duodenum was two-thirds closed.In Case 2 the obstruction was of the extrinsic variety and showed the main characteristic features-i.e., bile-stained vomiting coming on soon after birth, loss of weight, and dehydration.At operation the colon was on the left side of the abdomen with the caecum in the region of the spleen, while the small gut was on the right ,side.The main interest, however, lies in the fact that the child survived the operation of gastro-jejunostomy.Forshall tabulates in her paper the previously recorded survivals after an anastomosis and reports two further cases, making in all a total of 32.Case 2 adds another to the small list. SummaryTwo cases of duodenal obstruction in the newborn are described, one of which survived gastro-jejunostomy.The syndrome of congenital occlusion of the duodenum is clear-cut, and though rare it should be recognized when it occurs and should be diagnosed early.This is important, as the condi- tion is amenable to surgical intervention, and, contrary to general belief, the very young infant stands up extremely well to the required major surgery.
Hypersensitivity to Adrenergic Stimulation after Propranolol Withdrawal in Normal Subjects
Authors: HARISIOS BOUDOULAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The cardiac response to isoproterenol after propranolol withdrawal was studied in six normal persons. Serial isoproterenol infusions were done before and after oral propranolol administration, 160 mg daily for 2 days. Changes in electromechanical systole corrected for heart rate (QS2I) and pulse pressure were used to assess the inotropic response to isoproterenol, and changes in heart rate were used to assess the chronotropic response. As shown in previous studies, the negative inotropic effect of propranolol lasted only 12 to 15 h, while the negative chronotropic effect lasted 24 to 36 h. After the disappearance of blockade a hypersensitivity to isoproterenol was found 24 to 48 h after propranolol withdrawal in all three measured determinants. The explanation of this phenomenon most likely lies in the nature of adrenergic receptors that become activated during long-term blockade.