tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary care staff should work with prison teams on mental health
Authors: Oona Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A new model of primary mental health care for prisons should be developed, a report published by the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health has concluded. The report was published this week, to coincide with the transfer of responsibility for health care in prisons in England and Wales to the NHS on 1 April.

The model, which should be piloted, would be designed to treat patients with what the report defines as common mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. Staff providing the service would work alongside specialist prison mental health staff, known as “inreach teams,” …
Stroke in Users of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Diana B. Petitti, Stephen Sidney, Allan Bernstein, Sheldon Wolf, Charles Quesenberry, Harry K. Ziel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Previous studies have linked the use of oral contraceptive agents to an increased risk of stroke, but those studies have been limited to oral contraceptives containing more estrogen than is now generally used.
Neurologic Disorders in Renal Failure
Authors: Neil H. Raskin, Robert A. Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Uremic NeuropathyNeuropathy occurs in at least 65 per cent of patients who are about to begin dialysis for chronic renal failure,70 and is perhaps the most common neurologic consequence of chronic uremia. It was described by Asbury and his colleagues71 as a distal, symmetrical, mixed, sensorimotor polyneuropathy, affecting the lower limbs to a greater extent than the upper limbs. It is clinically indistinguishable from the neuropathies associated with chronic alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, and lupus erythematosus, to name but a few. The rate of progression, severity, prominence of motor or sensory signs, and prevalence of dysesthesia are quite variable. . . .
The Frail, the Old, and Diagnosis Related Groups
Authors: Milford Fulop
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The present diagnosis related groups recognize the greater difficulty and cost of caring for elderly patients by providing higher reimbursement in some diagnostic categories for those over 70 years of age than for younger patients. That permits hospitals the option of either providing more nursing care (or other support) for patients over 70 years of age or else keeping them longer. However, that does not go far enough. Physicians who care for elderly patients know that they are often weaker, more fragile, and slower than younger people. Those difficulties are<i>far</i>greater in patients over 75 to 80 years of age. Just as it is more difficult to care for the average 70-year-old than the average 50-year-old who has the same illness, it is far more difficult and time-consuming to care for the average 80-year-old. Such patients are usually much more difficult and slower to return to
Novel anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies separate human immunodeficiency virus infection and fusion of CD4+ cells from virus binding.
Authors: D Healey, L Dianda, J P Moore, J S McDougal, M J Moore, P Estess, D Buck, P D Kwong, P C Beverley, Q J Sattentau
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) binds to cells via an interaction between CD4 and the virus envelope glycoprotein, gp120. Previous studies have localized the high affinity binding site for gp120 to the first domain of CD4, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with this region compete with gp120 binding and thereby block virus infectivity and syncytium formation. Despite a detailed understanding of the binding of gp120 to CD4, little is known of subsequent events leading to membrane fusion and virus entry. We describe two new mAbs reactive with the third domain of CD4 that inhibit steps subsequent to virus binding critical for HIV infectivity and cell fusion. Binding of recombinant gp120 or virus to CD4 is not inhibited by these antibodies, whereas infection and syncytium formation by a number of HIV isolates are blocked. These findings demonstrate that in addition to virus binding, CD4 may have an active role in membrane fusion.
Concomitant Infection with HTLV-I and HTLV-III in a Patient with T8 Lymphoproliferative Disease
Authors: Mary E. Harper, Mark H. Kaplan, Lisa M. Marselle, Savita G. Pahwa, Karen J. Chayt, M.G. Sarngadharan, Flossie Wong-Staal, Robert C. Gallo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

All currently known human retroviruses are T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) and primarily infect T4 cells (reviewed by Wong-Staal and Gallo1). HTLV-I immortalizes normal T lymphocytes in vitro, and in vivo is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma2 3 4 5 as well as other T4 neoplasms with various clinicopathological names.6 HTLV-II also transforms T4 cells, but has been detected only rarely in milder forms of leukemia7 (and Salahuddin Z, Gallo RC: unpublished data). In contrast, HTLV-III (human immunodeficiency virus) is cytopathic to its target T4 cell and is the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).8 9 10 11 12 HTLV-IV, more . . .
HUMAN INFECTION WITH PASTEURELLA LEPISEPTICA FOLLOWING A RABBIT BITE
Authors: Paul L. Boisvert
Journal: JAMA (1941)

We wish to describe an example of human infection with Pasteurella lepiseptica. The reason for making the report is that few such cases have been described and in this instance the source of infection was believed to be a rabbit. In 1938 Lévy-Bruhl<sup>1</sup>reviewed the literature in a discussion of pasteurellosis in man. Subsequent reports are as follows: Foerster<sup>2</sup>found an organism with the properties of animal pasteurella in the pleural exudate and in the lungs in 2 cases of pneumonia; Mulder<sup>3</sup>repeatedly isolated the organism from the sputum of a child with bronchiectasis; Plette<sup>4</sup>cultured Pasteurella from the pleural fluid of a man with pleural and pericardial effusion and Le Chuiton, Bideau and Pennanéac'h<sup>5</sup>recovered a strain from the spinal fluid of a patient with meningitis following a skull fracture. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.—</h3> N. C., a white man aged 53, the caretaker
MEDICINE AND SURGERY OF THE QUEEN CITY.
Authors: JAMES T. WHITTAKER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Cincinnati has always had an honored name. We have furnished our quota of statesmen, of soldiers, of artists and skilled artisans. We have had able editors, eminent jurists, eloquent divines. Ascending in the scale of genius, we had one astronomer and two real poets. If we have fallen short it has been in the trades and commercial life, for it is said that some of the railroads have put us on a side track, and one or two of the younger cities about us have left us behind. But no city in this country has ever surpassed us in medicine. Perhaps there may have been times when a better sermon could be heard, or a higher legal opinion obtained in New York, or some other Eastern city, but there never was a time when a diagnosis of a disease could be better made or an operation be better done elsewhere
THE TECHNIQUES OF THE INITIAL INTERVIEW AND METHODS OF TEACHING THEM
Authors: FLORENCE POWDERMAKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

The development of methods of conducting the initial interview are of strategic importance in the treatment of the patient. This includes the effect of the reactions of the doctor on his techniques and on the patient. The teaching of these factors by the seminar method is illustrated as a way of allowing students to discover and receive help for their particular needs and weaknesses, to arrive at their own conclusions, and thus to further their development. This is best accomplished through a cooperative group spirit in which the leader and students investigate problems together as colleagues. This makes for frankness and prevents defensiveness. Since teaching is concerned with interpersonal relationships and not only with the dissemination of facts and experiences, it is capable of, and needs, further exploration of methods. This could perhaps be preceded by a searching criticism of the effectiveness of present-day practices. Observations and statements of students would indicate that there are apparently not enough "born" teachers to go around.
Case of Hydrocephalus; Treatment by Puncture and Seton; Autopsy: with Remarks
Authors: G. Chater
Journal: BMJ (1845)

OASt OlR HYDROCEPHALtS.599 my directing another enema to be given, she thought she should not require it, as she felt as thoughi she should shortly have an evacuation.Has passed miiore urine
Department sets out framework for commissioning in English NHS
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The framework for commissioning health care by primary care trusts and GPs from local providers, published by the Department of Health last week, has provoked both opprobrium and approval.

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London GP Dr Chaand Nagpaul: the document does not tackle the obstacles to practice based commissioning

The document, Health Reform in England: Update and Commissioning Framework , sets out the proposed future arrangements for commissioning services for local communities—a role carried out mainly by primary care trusts until now, although increasingly individual GP practices are going to be encouraged to take on this role as well.

The department has considered initially the commissioning—or purchasing—of hospital services. It intends to encourage what it calls “open tendering” by a variety of providers from the public, private, and voluntary sectors, which, it says, will ensure innovation, value for money, and choice.

Increasingly, services will be offered in the …

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Intravascular ultrasound assessment of angiographic filling defects in native coronary arteries: Do they always contain thrombi?
Authors: Jun-ichi Kotani, Gary S. Mintz, Prithviraj B. Rai, Chrysoula K. Pappas, Natalie Gevorkian, Anh B. Bui, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, William O. Suddath, Ron Waksman, John R. Laird, Kenneth M. Kent, Neil J. Weissman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Lead Poisoning in Blind Children
Authors: A. C. Ames, P. N. Swift
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Many partially sighted children use the mouth, lips, and tongue as an aid in identifying objects-this has been termed discriminatory pica. Investigation of a case of lead poisoning in a pupil at a residential school for the blind led to the discovery of others with asymptomatic lead poisoning, all of whom had the same habit.All the children recovered without treatment when they abandoned their habit of discrimination by use of the mouth. Authorities responsible for schools for the blind should be aware of this risk.
Endoscopic Finding of a Large Vanishing Tumor
Authors: K. Fujisawa, T. Matsumoto, R. Yoshimura, S. Ayabe, M. Tominaga
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

A 59-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital in March 1998 due to an acute onset of upper abdominal pain, which had occurred a few hours after ingesting raw mackerel. The physical examination showed epigastric tenderness. Upper endoscopy identified a reddish tumor, 65 mm in its largest diameter, in the gastric fundus (Figure [1]). The tumor had a smooth surface, with irregular and shallow ulcers covered by blood coagula. The patient’s abdominal pain subsided immediately, without any treatment. An upper endoscopic examination carried out two weeks later revealed that the tumor had regressed (Figure [2]). At this time, the patient’s serum IgGI-A antibody titer to Anisakis larvae increased to 2.09 (normal: < 1.50). On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of gastric anisakiasis was established. The patient has been free of any gastrointestinal symptoms during a subsequent follow-up period of 26 months.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
Authors: Kenneth L. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters18 January 2005Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health CareKenneth L. Cohen, MDKenneth L. Cohen, MDFrom Montebello, CA 90640.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-2-200501180-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The position paper on racial and ethnic disparities in health care (1) certainly has considerable merit and contains many recommendations that are very proper and appropriate. However, I feel compelled to comment on the section titled "Minorities in Medical School," since I vehemently disagree with it. Indeed, I am appalled, embarrassed, disappointed, and saddened that the American College of Physicians would take such an inappropriate position. While the other positions and recommendations in the article are certainly valid, admissions to medical school should be based on merit and achievement and should reflect quality. They should not be ...References1. Groman R, Ginsburg J; American College of Physicians. Racial and ethnic disparities in health care: a position paper of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:226-32. [PMID: 15289223] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Cohen KL. The many nuances of diversity [Letter]. Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc. 2001;64:46; author reply 46-7. [PMID: 12517090] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kenneth L. Cohen, MDAffiliations: From Montebello, CA 90640. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Health CareAmerican College of Physicians*Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care Charles K. Francis Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care M. E. Nassar Metrics Cited byPregnancy and parental leave among neurosurgeons and neurosurgical traineesDissecting disparity: improvements towards gender parity in leadership and on the podium within the Canadian Orthopaedic Association 18 January 2005Volume 142, Issue 2Page: 153KeywordsHealth disparitiesRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 18 January 2005 Issue Published: 18 January 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Researching the health needs of elderly people
Authors: C K Cassel
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Life expectancy is increasing dramatically throughout the world, more visibly in developed countries, where unprecedented falls in mortality have led to increasing numbers and proportions of elderly people. Although the increase in life expectancy during the first half of the 20th century has been attributed to public health measures rather than to medical interventions (the McKeown hypothesis), many experts believe that the continuing increases in life expectancy in the second half of the century are due to advances in medical science and health care. Whatever the reasons, people live longer and many of them have more years of healthy, active, and independent life. For this group and their carers, maintaining vigour and independence is a therapeutic goal at least as important as further reductions in mortality.1

Britain's Medical Research Council recently reviewed the health of elderly people to identify opportunities and priorities for further research.2 Elderly' was defined as over 65; the report did not stratify people by age beyond this. Examining separately the young old ( 85)3 would have had important implications for policy because by the researchers' own analysis some dramatic demographic and epidemiological differences exist between them. …
Abstract P6-07-23: Proportion of invasive micropapillary carcinoma lesion and primary breast cancer prognosis
Authors: J Takei, K Nakayama, H Yagata, N Hayashi, A Yoshida, S Ohde, K Suzuki, S Nakamura, H Yamauchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) has been classified as a special type of breast cancer and has a high incidence of lymph node metastases and lymphatic invasion with poor prognosis. IMPC is often mixed with other histological types. This study examined whether the prognosis is correlated with proportion of the IMPC. Methods: The subjects included 124 patients with IMPC that were surgically resected at St. Luke's International Hospital between February 2000 and January 2011. The resected specimens were reviewed histopathologically to determine the proportion of IMPC lesion. Patients were classified into two groups based on three cut-points of the proportion of IMPC lesion, 25%, 50%, and 75%. For each of these dichotomous classifications, we examined overall survival (OS), recurrence rate (RR) and pathological histology between the two groups. We used the Kaplan-Meier curve method and log-rank test to evaluate overall and disease-free survival time and the chi-squared test for pathological histology. Results: The subjects were 124 cases, and two of them were male breast cancer. The patient's age at presentation ranged from 29 to 83 years (mean 54.5 years). At a median follow-up of 52 months (interquartile range, 7 to 115 months). For all cut off points, there was no significant difference in survival rate and recurrence rate. We observed high-rates of lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis even in patients with a low proportion of IMPC lesion. Conclusion: Our results provide no evidence to support a relationship between proportion of IMPC lesion and breast cancer prognosis. However, lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis was a high frequency with low proportion of the IMPC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-23.
Drug Abuse and Viral Hepatitis in Marines
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Sporadic viral hepatitis occurred at Camp Lejeune, NC in 1970. One hundred eight patients were studied and 48 (44%) had sera positive for hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA), 23 of whom admitted to repeated parenteral drug abuse. This history was not useful in distinguishing viral types since 29 patients with HAA-negative sera also used drugs parenterally. All patients with HAA-positive sera were of the same serological subgroup (Y) and had a more severe disease than those with HAA-negative sera in terms of hospitalization time and liver-function tests. A semiquantitative measure of HAA helped distinguish between apparently transient and relatively persistent carriers. It is likely that viral hepatitis is becoming endemic on the military base, and that the HAA-positive viral pool is increasing because of drug abuse.
In Herpes or Chlamydial Infections, Immune Response May Be Key Factor in Lost Vision
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

OF ALL the infectious agents causing corneal blindness, herpes simplex virus is the most common in the United States: half a million cases of ocular herpes infection occur annually. On a worldwide basis,<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>is the most frequent cause of blindness: an estimated 6 million people are sightless because of this bacterium. However, it may be the body's own immune response that destroys vision. <h3>Lymphocyte Reaction</h3> At the Research to Prevent Blindness science writers' conference in Arlington, Va, Robert L. Hendricks, PhD, of the University of Illinois (Chicago) Department of Ophthalmology, described how this was demonstrated by his group. They induced cellular immune tolerance specifically to herpes simplex virus by inoculating the anterior chamber of the eyes of mice with that virus. A control group had intact cellular immunity. The researchers infected all mice by applying a suspension of herpes simplex virus topically and rubbing it into a previously
Novel peptide-based vaccines efficiently prime murine ?help?-independent CD8+ T cell responses in the liver
Authors: Nektarios Dikopoulos, Petra Riedl, Reinhold Schirmbeck, Jörg Reimann
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Vaccines for the prophylactic and/or therapeutic immunization against hepatotropic pathogens ( e.g. , hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus) should establish long-lasting, specific antiviral effector/memory CD8 + T cell immunity in the liver. We describe a novel peptide-based vaccine in which antigenic major histocompatibility complex Class I-binding peptides are fused to a cationic ( e.g. , human immunodeficiency virus tat-derived) domain and complexed to immune-stimulating oligonucleotides. This vaccine formulation efficiently primes liver-homing, Class I-restricted CD8 + effector/memory T cell responses. In different antigen systems, this formulation was more potent in priming liver-homing CD8 + T cell responses than DNA-based vaccines delivering the same epitopes. CD8 + T cell priming was independent of CD4 + T cell “help” but submitted to regulatory control by CD25 + CD4 + T cells. The vaccine efficiently primed memory/effector CD8 + T cells detectable in the liver for more than 3 months after a single injection. With increasing time after priming, the phenotype of these specific memory CD8 + T cells shifted from an effector memory to a central memory type. The vaccine could override T cell tolerance in mice expressing the relevant antigen from a transgene in the liver. The CD8 + T cell immunity in the liver primed by this peptide formulation could be boosted by challenge injections. In conclusion , we describe a simple and potent vaccine formulation that has the potential to generate or reconstitute specific CD8 + T cell immunity to hepatotropic pathogens in the liver. (Hepatology 2004;40:300-309.)