tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Introduction of a Neurotrophin-3 Transgene into Muscle Selectively Rescues Proprioceptive Neurons in Mice Lacking Endogenous Neurotrophin-3
Authors: D.E Wright, L Zhou, J Kucera, W.D Snider
Journal: Neuron (1997)

To clarify the role of muscle-derived neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the development of sensory neurons, we generated transgenic mice selectively overexpressing NT-3 in skeletal muscles under the control of a myogenin promoter (myo-NT-3 mice). The myo-NT-3 transgene was then bred into an NT-3 null mutant (−/−) line to generate myo-NT-3, NT-3−/− mice in which NT-3 was expressed in muscles, but not elsewhere. Transient overexpression of NT-3 in developing muscles increased the number of proprioceptive neurons as well as the density of both their central and peripheral projections, resulting in more Ia afferents in spinal cord and more spindles (end organs of Ia afferents) in muscles. NT-3 expression restricted to muscles was sufficient to secure the development of proprioceptive neurons and their central and peripheral projections in myo-NT-3, NT-3−/− mice. The loss of nonproprioceptive neurons observed in NT-3−/− mice was not reversed by the transgene, suggesting that these neurons are regulated by NT-3 from sources other than muscle. We conclude that target-derived rather than intraganglionic NT-3 is preeminent in supporting the development of proprioceptive neurons. The level of NT-3 in developing muscles may be the principal factor determining the number of proprioceptive neurons in dorsal root ganglions and spindles in skeletal muscles of adults.
Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, or Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease in the CHARISMA Trial
Authors: Deepak L. Bhatt, Marcus D. Flather, Werner Hacke, Peter B. Berger, Henry R. Black, William E. Boden, Patrice Cacoub, Eric A. Cohen, Mark A. Creager, J. Donald Easton, Christian W. Hamm, Graeme J. Hankey, S. Claiborne Johnston, Koon-Hou Mak, Jean-Louis Mas, Gilles Montalescot, Thomas A. Pearson, P. Gabriel Steg, Steven R. Steinhubl, Michael A. Weber, Liz Fabry-Ribaudo, Tingfei Hu, Eric J. Topol, Keith A.A. Fox
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Better Cancer Patient Care Requires Systemic Changes
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PMO-027 Variability in the content of oral rehydration solution used in intestinal failure may render it ineffective: Abstract PMO-027 Table 1
Authors: A Culkin
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The focus of treatment in patients with intestinal failure (IF) is to reduce intestinal losses, therefore preventing dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. This is achieved by restricting oral fluid intake and using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) with a sodium content of 90 mmol/l. Compliance can be poor and it is usual to allow patients to add a small amount of flavouring to the ORS. Research has indicated that this reduces the sodium content rendering the solution no longer suitable.<sup>1</sup> We aimed to investigate the variability in composition and the effect of adding flavouring. <h3>Methods</h3> A sample of ORS made up by the ward staff was analysed for sodium, glucose and osmolality daily over 5 days. The ORS from day 5 was then used and a further five samples were analysed after patients has added their preferred type and amount of flavouring. The mean and SD were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> There was a large variability in the sodium (mean 162±44 mmol/l, range 100–224) and glucose (105±27 mmol/l, range 85–150) content and the osmolarity (413±109 mmol/l) of the ORS made on the ward over the 5-day period. The addition of the flavourings decreased the sodium content (mean of 33±14 mmol/l, range 10–49) and increased the glucose content (mean 93±59 mmol/l, range 7–164) of the ORS. The osmolality also increased (mean 229±113 mOsmol, range 23–376). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was considerable variability in the content when ORS are made up on the hospital ward. Adding flavourings may render the ORS less effective by reducing the sodium and increasing the glucose and osmolarity. The results indicate a need for a pre-flavoured packaged ORS with a sodium content of 90 mmol/l. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Williams J</b>, <i>et al.</i> Effect of flavouring on isotonic solutions for short bowel syndrome. <i>Gut</i> 2003;<b>52</b>(Suppl 1):A10.
Abstract SY19-02: Novel models and treatments targeting the HER-AKT pathway in cancers that overexpress HER2
Authors: Soulaiman Itani, James Korkola, Joe Gray, Claire Tomlin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Dynamic treatments targeting the HER-AKT pathway in cancers that overexpress HER2 Soulaiman Itani*, James Korkola**, Joe Gray**, Claire Tomlin* The mixed performance of TKI treatment for HER2-amplified breast cancers has inspired further research of the HER-PI3K signaling pathway. This in turn has produced new insight into the feedback that allows this pathway to survive the inhibition of HER2, and the role of additional mutations in the pathway. Based on this insight, we created an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model for the pathway. The model was based on mass action kinetics, catalytic, and Michaelis-Menten models of chemical reactions, and was able to give several correct predictions about the response of different cell lines to overstimulation, their sensitivity to treatment, and their basal activity levels. The modeling also emphasized the importance of dynamic treatments, where the dosing and mixture of the drugs changes over time to drive the cancer first to susceptible states and then to death. Dynamic treatments are inspired by the steering of dynamic systems: To make a wide left turn, you go right first. Our novel dynamic treatment scheme was designed, tested, and was shown in experiment to increase the apoptosis of HER2 amplified cancers from 11% to 50%. The experiments tested the treatment on five cell lines, SKBR3, BT747, HCC1954, JIMT1, and MDAMB361. The cell lines were serum starved, then pretreated for two days with a drug that activates AKT, and then treated with Lapatinib. The pretreatment increased the efficacy of Lapatinib, which is nonintuitive since these drugs have opposite effects on AKT. Dynamic treatments focus on the idea of using the cancer's strongest asset, its adaptability, against it. *UC Berkeley **Oregon Health and Science University Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY19-02. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY19-02
Input impedance of the lower abdominal aorta in chronically instrumented fetal sheep.
Authors: H Schröder, E Cetin, B Hüneke, M Carstensen
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Five fetal sheep (gestational age, 118 to 125 days) were instrumented to measure impedances of the lower abdominal aorta. Four days after surgery, flow and pressure pulses were recorded during control conditions and during infusion of norepinephrine (0.3 to 3 micrograms.min-1.kg-1 body weight) or angiotensin II (0.2 to 3 micrograms.min-1.kg-1). The protocol was repeated after injection of hexamethonium (10 mg.kg-1). Moduli and phases of impedances for the first ten harmonics were calculated by fast Fourier transformation. During control, input resistance was 4300 +/- 940 dyne.s.cm-5 (mean +/- SD) at a mean blood flow of 13.3 +/- 2.4 cm3.s-1 and pressure of 54,960 +/- 6980 dyne.cm-2. Moduli fell to 50% of input resistance between 2 and 3 Hz and, declining continuously, reached a minimum of 20% near 10 to 12 Hz, then increased slightly to 30% at about 30 Hz. At the first three harmonics, flow was always leading pressure. Infusion of angiotensin or norepinephrine increased impedance moduli significantly. Resistance increase was largest with angiotensin (19,800 +/- 11,370 dyne.s.cm-5), but no difference was detectable between angiotensin and norepinephrine when related to the same increase of input resistance. The position of the minimum seemed to be unchanged at high resistance values, but relative impedance moduli were smaller than during control, and low-frequency phases were significantly more negative. An analog of inertance, compliance, and resistance to steady flow was used to simulate impedances, and the effect of resistance increases on flow waveforms in the fetal abdominal aorta was calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tracheal microvascular responses to inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in anesthetized rats.
Authors: M R Corboz, S T Ballard, S K Inglis, A E Taylor
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We previously demonstrated that rat tracheal arterioles and large venules constrict in response to alpha-adrenergic agonists and dilate in response to beta-adrenergic agonists. To further investigate the vasodilatory mechanisms in these vessels, we hypothesized that the vascular tone in the tracheal microcirculation is regulated in part by endogenously released nitric oxide (NO). To test this hypothesis, rat tracheal microvessels were visualized in vivo with a video microscope. The change in diameter af adventitial arteriolar (14.5 to 42.0 microm initial diameter, n = 41) and large venular (50.0 to 100.0 microm initial diameter, n = 41) microvessels following the suffusion of vasoactive drugs was measured with video calipers. Significant constriction was observed in arterioles (to 70.0% of initial diameter) and large venules (to 76.6% of initial diameter) after 20 min of suffusion with L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthesis. This constriction was in large part reversed by L-arginine, a biochemical precursor of NO, in arterioles (to 93.2% of initial diameter) and in venules (to 90.8% of initial diameter). The combination of prazosin, a selective alpha1-adrenergic antagonist, and yohimbine, a selective alpha2-adrenergic antagonist, also reduced L-NAME-induced constriction in arterioles (to 87.9% of initial diameter) and in venules (to 85.2% of initial diameter). L-arginine or the combination of prazosin and yohimbine alone did not affect the diameter of tracheal microvessels. These data suggest that NO exerts an important influence on tracheal microvascular tone in rats, and may attenuate alpha-adrenergic constriction in these vessels.
Natural history of early gastric cancer
Authors: A AXON
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 618 

This issue of Gut presents a paper from Osaka, Japan1 reporting the long term outcome of 71 patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) before 1988, but who were not immediately operated on because of age, infirmity, or refusal (see page 618). Thirty six EGCs (51%) progressed to advanced cancer. After exclusion for incomplete follow up, a Kaplan-Meier plot showed the likelihood of progression over five years to be 63%. Thirty eight of the 71 patients were never operated on. Of these, 23 (61%) died from gastric cancer. The Kaplan-Meier plot predicted a five year survival in this group ranging from 63 to 68% depending on the allocation of patients in whom the outcome was unknown.

This is an important paper because few studies have followed the natural history of early gastric cancer and it will be difficult to repeat in the future because of the development of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) which …
Periprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin Values During the Third Trimester of Normal Pregnancies
Authors: Antonio M Espinosa de los Monteros, Magdalena C Duarte, Jesús V Quijano, Esther L Casanueva
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

In order to determine the normal periprandial blood glucose values during gravidity, we studied 17 normal pregnant women, near term of gestation, in their homes using test strips and reflectometers. Results show an initial fasting level not higher than 80 mg/dl and not lower than 45 mg/dl. In all cases but one blood glucose levels were lower than 120 mg/dl, irrespective of when the measurements were taken. Insulin determinations permitted us to recognize low and high responders, although no differences could be found between them.
Biologic Concomitants of Alcoholism
Authors: Jack H. Mendelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

"THE sway of alcohol over mankind," according to William James, "is unquestionably due to its power to stimulate the mystical facilities of human nature."2 But mystical sway represents only one portion of a continuum that may extend to severe biologic and social impairment for certain unfortunate victims. The scientific study of these heterogeneous persons, designated as "alcoholics," is a relatively new undertaking in biomedical science. Until recently, most alcohol-related problems were perceived as a moral issue, and alcoholism was not regarded as an appropriate subject for either laboratory or clinical investigation.Yet, in a curious way, the early investigative work . . .
Vascular mortality in patients with gout and in their families.
Authors: L G Darlington, J Slack, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A mortality study was performed to determine death rates from coronary and cerebrovascular pathology in 180 patients with gout and their families. Lipid profiles were also analysed. Neither male nor female gout patients after presentation to hospital nor their male or female first-degree relatives were found to have an increased risk of dying from coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease. Families of hyperlipidaemic gout patients had a slightly increased incidence among males of death from coronary artery disease, a finding which may reflect the hypercholesterolaemia found among these relatives. It could have influenced the vascular mortality rate in families of hyperlipidaemic gout patients without any relationship to the diagnosis of gout itself.
Hiatus hernia and reflux oesophagitis.
Authors: G J Cole
Journal: BMJ (1969)

implants inserted as far back as 1956) kindly allowed us to examine them ; papers were read and discussed." Irreparable damage" appeared to belong to the past.I agree that intraocular implants have no place in the management of the usual run of refractive errors, assuming that appropriate spectacles or contact lenses are available.But the optical correction of aphakiaespecially unilateral-is quite another story.Where young children are concerned-and perforating wounds involving the crystalline lens are unhappily not rare-the situation is further complicated by the rapid onset of amblyopia, almost invariably irreversible in later life.Neither spectacles nor contact lenses provide a satisfactory answer, so the insertion of an intraocular lens implant, plus temporary occlusion of the uninjured eye, is the only practicable means of preventing amblyopia and restoring binocularity-as I stressed in 19591 and has been stressed by me and others' ever since.-Iam, etc., London W.I.
Winter pressure on hospital medical beds.
Authors: A S Douglas, J M Rawles, E Alexander, T M Allan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Influenza vaccination is safe and effective in reducing mortality and morbidity due to influenza, but com- pliance with the guidelines for use of the vaccine seems to be low in both the United Kingdom and The Netherlands.The aims of this study were to establish the degree to which patients who should be immunised according to official Dutch guidelines are actually immunised and to understand why some patients receive the vaccine and others do not.'
Abstract 4524: ON015640, a novel anti-cancer agent with tubulin depolymerizing activity
Authors: Benjamin S. Hoffman, Stephen C. Cosenza, Venkat Palella, Ramana Reddy, EP Reddy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Oncology drug discovery is constantly evolving by integrating new basic findings with established developmental practice. Two drug discovery platforms currently exist. One is an extension of basic research, rational drug design. Its alternative, one based on cytotoxicity, which qualifies leads by their ability to selectively kill cancer cells. Using this cytotoxicity based approach we recently discovered a novel synthetic small molecule we have called ON015640. This compound is highly effective at killing 15 different cancer cell lines with IC50 ranges from 20-90 nanomolar. The predominant phenotype associated with this compound is that of cellular rounding and detachment from substratum, a similar phenomenon to that observed during treatment of cultured cells with mitotic inhibitors like Taxol and Nocodazole. Using FACS, molecular mitotic indexing, and fluorescent microscopy we have subsequently demonstrated that ON015640 induces mitotic arrest and aberrant spindle formation. This mitotic arrest and spindle disruption can be attributed to this molecule's ability to depolymerize tubulin both in vitro and in vivo in a similar manner to Nocodazole. At effective concentrations this compound commences a program of mitotic catastrophe subsequently initiating effector caspases 3/7 and cleavage of Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase, primary steps in the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Unlike classical tubulin depolymerizing agents, ON015640 is not a substrate for the ATP binding cassette family of efflux pumps and is capable of killing Multi Drug Resistant cell lines. This characteristic and the compound's nanomolar activity make it an attractive candidate for further development and characterization. To date, the exact site where ON015640 binds to tubulin remains unknown. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of this molecule have yet to be fully characterized. Thus, current and future efforts will be focused on establishing the dynamics by which ON015640 interacts with tubulin, while also developing this molecule into a clinically relevant drug. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4524
Viruses Arm Bacteria
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differentiation of Pulmonary Vascular from Parenchymal Diseases by Ventilation/Perfusion Scintiphotography
Authors: KENNETH M. MOSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Defects observed in pulmonary perfusion scintiphotography often have been equated with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. In fact, such defects have lacked diagnostic specificity because many other disease processes can reduce regional lung blood flow. Physiologic-anatomic considerations suggest that specificity might be gained by combining ventilation with perfusion radionuclide studies. The experience of several investigators with combined ventilation/perfusion scintiphotography now has proved this to be the case. Their experience has identified two major patterns of diagnostic significance: absent or reduced blood flow to a lung zone with preservation of homogeneous ventilation; and marked reduction or absence of both blood flow and ventilation. The first pattern consistently has reflected the presence of congenital or acquired pulmonary vascular obstruction, including thromboembolic occlusion. The second pattern has indicated the presence of primary parenchymal diseases including emphysema, bullous lesions, infiltrative-consolidative processes, and endobronchial obstruction. These combined ventilation/perfusion patterns provide an interpretive framework that permits diagnostic conclusions not possible on the basis of perfusion studies alone.