tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vision screening in preschool children.
Authors: M. M. Madlom
Journal: BMJ (1992)

commercially interested parties for the use of likely to find many false positive referrals.Though or squint identified by programmes to screen expensive drug combinations should be resisted.'the measurement of binocular function is quoted as children's vision before they start school.'Bolger For many years the standard treatment has been one of the advantages of screening by orthoptists and colleagues rightly suggest that the effectiveness castration by surgical orchidectomy or, more compared with screening by clinical medical of treatment should be assessed by a randomised recently, analogues of luteinising hormone releas-officers, no data are provided.Did many of the controlled trial.I suggest that very many children ing hormone.children with 6/9 and 6/12 vision have good would have to be entered into such a trial to have Oral oestrogen treatment has been largely binocular function?Were they amblyopic at all? any hope of clarifying this issue in a reasonable abandoned because of the thromboembolism and Many of the children we see who have been time and that a multicentre trial would be neces- fluid retention that attend the use of conventional referred with 6/9 or 6/12 vision turn out to have sary.As some form of preschool vision screening doses necessary to suppress testosterone concen-only slight ametropia.In the absence of good is, unfortunately, already being carried out in some trations in all patients to the castrate range.Yet the longitudinal studies of such children the parents districts, would it not be sensible for some official castrate range of plasma testosterone concentration cannot be counselled properly, and it may not be body, such as the British Orthoptic Society, to in the context of subtotal androgen blockade was true to say that these children inevitably become coordinate collection of the results of treatment in only arbitrarily chosen, long ago, as the lowest amblyopic.the form of a randomised trial?that could be conveniently achieved.A smallerThe economic analysis provided is too simple.In Bolger and colleagues report false positive reduction of plasma androgen concentrations may most areas patients are referred to consultant referrals, but their study did not extend to identify- well provide optimal palliation.'As thrombo-ophthalmologists for further assessment, and in a ing false negative referrals-that is, children who, embolic complications are dose dependent a lower cash limited service this means that fewer patients having "passed" their preschool test, present after dose of oestrogen will often control prostatic from other sources of referral can be seen.In school entry with amblyopia and squint.These cancer with less risk of such complications.addition, it ignores the additional cost to the children undoubtedly exist,2 and it will be necessary Clinical trials by the Veterans Administration parents of a further screening visit to see the for any trial to take account of them.and more recently the European Organisation for orthoptist.
Large (&amp;gt;4 cm) Solitary Pulmonary Mass
Authors: Maurice M. Reeder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>Common</h3> Abscess Metastasis (eg, from sarcoma or Wilms tumor) <h3>Uncommon</h3> Arteriovenous malformation Cyst, fluid-filled (bronchogenic, hydatid) Granuloma (tuberculosis or fungus disease, especially cryptococcosis) Hematoma Inflammatory pseudotumor: organized pneumonia (types: fibroxanthoma, fibroma, plasma cell granuloma, sclerosing hemangioma) [Loculated interlobar or pleural fluid] Lymphoma [Mediastinal mass] Pulmonary sequestration Sarcoma or blastoma (embryoma) of lung. (Entities in brackets can be confused roentgenographically with pulmonary masses.) <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Inflammatory pseudotumor of lung.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Comment</h3> After an uneventful medical workup, thoracotomy was performed with excision of a firm 6-cm mass from the right lower lobe. The mass was discrete and separate from the adjacent compressed lung parenchyma but not truly encapsulated. The histologic pattern was pleomorphic, with an admixture of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, histiocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and foamy macrophages. In discussing the differential diagnosis of a large, solitary, pulmonary mass in an asymptomatic child, only a few
TELEMEDICINE TO EXPEDITE MEDICAL CONTACT FOLLOWING SYMPTOM ONSET
Authors: Eran Leshem-Rubinow, Eyal Ben Assa, Yacov Shacham, Avivit Zaletman, Ayelet Oren Shamir, Nomi Malov, Michal Golovner, Arie Roth
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
MODIFIED KEIDEL TUBE FOR COLLECTING BLOOD SPECIMENS
Authors: C. C. Young
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our modification of the ordinary vacuum tube which was devised by Keidel for the collecting of blood specimens, and which has demonstrated its usefulness in the hands of the practicing physician, will undoubtedly receive enthusiastic support from the laboratory technician. From the laboratorian's point of view, the old form of Keidel tube is a nuisance for the reasons that: It does not fit the standard centrifuge tubes of the International Centrifuge Company. It is very difficult to gain access to its contents without risk of contamination. There is constant danger of accidental cuts from jagged fragments of glass. The design of tube shown in the accompanying illustration is constricted and scored so that the top of the tube can be removed under aseptic conditions without danger to the operator. It holds approximately 8 cc. to the first shoulder, and fits both the long and short types of brass centrifuge tube
Alex: a tribute
Authors: M. Steeper, C. Steeper
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Alex Steeper died in January, a few weeks short of his 5th birthday. He suffered from Angelman syndrome, a disorder causing severe learning difficulties and a susceptibility to seizures. Alex's death resulted from convulsive status epilepticus, a rare complication among children with the condition. The passage below is an abridged form of Alex's funeral tribute, written by his parents.

Here are some of our fondest thoughts about Alex. They're a bit unstructured and haphazard, just like he was. They seem to us to be both simple and profound, just like he did. Most of all, they're happy thoughts, because Alex was happiness in human form.

We haven't come here today to grieve for Alex. Nor should you have done, because none of us has really lost him. He's part of everyone he ever …
Human Experimentation: A Guided Step Into the Unknown
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

I recently had the pleasure of reviewing Alvan Feinstein's monumental<i>Clinical Epidemiology: The Architecture of Clinical Research</i>, which explained medical statistics and clinical research in a most accessible fashion. Now comes this shorter book, which should be read in tandem with Feinstein's book.<i>Human Experimentation</i>explores the historical and philosophical basis of clinical research. With examples drawn from aphorisms and even jokes, it provides a guide to the avoidance of error in clinical research. The classic joke not included in this book tells of the little boy who brings a failing grade home from school. Upon query by the parent, he explains that the teacher disagreed with his experimental conclusions: "I put a frog down on the ground and shouted, 'Jump.' I measured the distance, which was 3 ft. Then I tied his front legs together and again said, 'Jump.' The distance jumped now measured 1 ft. I then tied
Enteral stenting in the management of obstructing colonic cancer: the city hospital experience
Authors: E. A. Mozdiak, M. J. V. Lewis
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic colonic stenting has an emerging role in the non-operative management of patients with obstructing lesions.1 The use of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery has decreased the requirement for emergency surgery which has a high morbidity and mortality.2 It also reduces the need for colostomy formation. It can provide palliation for patients unsuitable for surgery3 and has a useful role in benign disease. City Hospital in Birmingham, has been performing colonic stenting since 2004. We reviewed the success rates and complications at our site, and compared with the literature. <h3>Methods</h3> 61 patients were listed for colonic stenting between March 2004 and November 2010. After case-note review, data was collected on demographics, indication for stent, success rates, complications, further treatment and 30-day plus 90-day mortality. A literature search was undertaken to ascertain the published success and complication rates, and compare with our results. <h3>Results</h3> 66% were male, average age 75 (49–95) years. 76% of patients required palliative stenting. 87% had left-sided tumours, the majority (54%) in the sigmoid colon. 46 patients had a successfully placed stent. 30 and 90-day mortality was 16% and 44% respectively. Median survival was 124 days. Perforation occurred in 2 (4.5%) patients, stent migration occurred in 1 (2.25%). 9 (15%) patients underwent stenting as a bridge to surgery, 77% of these underwent elective surgery at a later date. 31% of patients underwent palliative chemotherapy/radiotherapy after successful stenting, 29% had no further treatment. 19% of the stented group went on to have a stoma formed, compared with 54% of the non-stented group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Colonic stenting is safe and effective at alleviating the symptoms of obstructing colonic cancer.4 It provides acute decompression avoiding emergency surgery in often frail, high-risk patients.5 It has a palliative role in non-operable disease.3 Stoma formation is associated with higher morbidity rates. Our data indicates a much lower stoma formation rate in the stented group. The literature documents perforation rates of 2–10% and stent migration rate of 4–10%.67 Colonic stenting at City Hospital is successful, with low complication rates. It should be considered more readily in appropriate patients.
Which behavioral consequences matter? The importance of frame of reference in explaining addiction
Authors: Gene M. Heyman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The target article emphasizes the relationship between a matching law-based theory of addiction and the disease model of addiction. In contrast, this response emphasizes the relationship between the matching law theory and other behavioral approaches to addiction. The basic difference, I argue, is that the matching law specifies that choice is governed by local reinforcement rates. In contrast, economics says that overall reinforcement rate controls choice, and for other approaches there are other measures or no clear prediction at all. The response also differs from the target article in that there is more emphasis on the finding that stimulus conditions determine whether choice is under local or overall reinforcement rate control.
Rituximab‐induced interstitial lung disease
Authors: Stephanie A. Wagner, Apurva C. Mehta, Damian A. Laber
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

The aim of this study is to characterize rituximab-induced interstitial lung disease (R-ILD). The information on all reported cases of R-ILD was reviewed. This analysis focused on patient characteristics, underlying disease, rituximab dosing schedule, and R-ILD characteristic-like symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Sixteen cases of R-ILD, including our two cases, have been reported in the literature. Commonalities include older age, clinical presentation, computerized tomography findings, pulmonary function tests, and biopsy findings. Therapy included corticosteroids and broad spectrum antibiotics. Prognosis has been variable. Patients who worsen despite corticosteroids have a poor outcome. The pathogenesis of R-ILD is largely unknown. Potential explanations for R-ILD may include the induction and release of cytotoxic substances. R-ILD is a rare but potentially fatal pulmonary toxicity due to rituximab. R-ILD should be considered in patients who present with dyspnea, fever, and cough, and there is no clear evidence of infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids is essential.
Response to: ‘Paracetamol: is all the concern valid?’ by Schwarz and Mullins
Authors: Emmert Roberts, Philip G Conaghan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

We thank Drs Schwarz and Mullins for their comments1 on our paper,2 and we agree with many of their points. The absolute risks of the studied adverse events were small, and paracetamol still has a better adverse event profile than traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids. However, we would like to highlight that there are also non-pharmacological alternatives for chronic pain conditions, especially those of the musculoskeletal system: muscle strengthening, increased activity and weight loss if overweight.3 …
The Newer Approach to Immunity in Its Bearing on Medicine and Biology
Authors: M. Burnet
Journal: BMJ (1954)

To investigate the application of Tl-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at rest in the confirmation of coronary heart disease (CHD), we studied 95 patients who had all undergone coronary angiography and cineventriculography. We separated three groups, patients with (a) prior myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 45), (b) no history of MI (n = 40), and (c) no abnormality of coronary angiogram (n = 23). The results of planar imaging with computer-assisted evaluation (scintimetry, SCM) and of SPECT with a three-plane reconstruction (transverse, sagittal, frontal) were compared with the invasive, arteriographic findings. SPECT yielded a higher sensitivity (93 %) than SCM (68 %) in the detection of defects in both infarcted and noninfarcted groups. The specifity was found to be almost equal in the two imaging modalities. A significant (p ≤0.01) increase in accuracy was found in SPECT in the assessment of the posterior wall (54 % compared with 88 %) as well as in the general detection of defects (68 % compared with 88 %). Applying the SPECT imaging technique increases both the diagnostic accuracy of Tl-201 myocardial imaging and the anatomical association of CHD.
Analysis of aneuploidy in first-cleavage mouse embryos fertilized in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: L R Fraser, I Maudlin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

First-cleavage mouse embryos, fertilized in vitro and in vivo, provide ideal material for chromosomal analysis. With the appropriate incubation in a mitotic inhibitor, syngamy is prevented and the sperm- and egg-derived chromosomes remain as separate clusters. Because the latter chromosomes undergo condensation sooner than those from the spermatozoon, the parental source of chromosome sets can be identified even without a marker chromosome. Thus these embryos can be analyzed both for the primary incidence and the parental source of a number of chromosomal anomalies, including aneuploidy. By using fertilization in vitro to obtain the embryos, the synchrony of fertilization and nuclear development is such that 80% or more of the chromosomal preparations are suitable for analysis, compared with about 50% for embryos fertilized in vivo.
Enhanced Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells in Vitro and Tumors in Vivo
Authors: Huanzhang Lu, Yufeng Zhang, David D. Roberts, C.Kent Osborne, Nancy Smyth Templeton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Gene therapy clinical trials for cancer frequently produce inconsistent results. Some of this variability could result from differences in transcriptional regulation that limit expression of therapeutic genes in specific cancers. Systemic liposomal delivery of a nonviral plasmid DNA showed efficacy in animal models for several cancers. However, we observed large differences in the levels of gene expression from a CMV promoter-enhancer between lung and breast cancers. To optimize gene expression in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, we created a new promoter-enhancer chimera to regulate gene expression. Serial analyses of gene expression data from a panel of breast carcinomas and normal breast cells predicted that the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) promoter is highly active in breast cancers. Furthermore, GAPDH is up-regulated by hypoxia, which is common in tumors. We added the GAPDH promoter, including the hypoxia enhancer sequences, to our in vivo gene expression plasmid. The novel CMV-GAPDH promoter-enhancer showed up to 70-fold increased gene expression in breast tumors compared to the optimized CMV promoter-enhancer alone. No significant increase in gene expression was observed in other tissues. These data demonstrate tissue-specific effects on gene expression after nonviral delivery and suggest that gene delivery systems may require plasmid modifications for the treatment of different tumor types. Furthermore, expression profiling can facilitate the design of optimal expression plasmids for use in specific cancers.
Liver transplantation in HCV-infected patients: An 8 year single center experience
Authors: J.R. Nery, G.W. Neff, M. Montalbano, C. Nery, K. Safdar, S. Britto, T. Kato, D. Levi, S. Nishida, J. Madariaga, P. Bejerano, P. Ruitz, E.R. Schiff, A.G. Tzakis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Bilateral Breast Cancer and Radiotherapy for Asthma
Authors: RICHARD R. LOVE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1985Bilateral Breast Cancer and Radiotherapy for AsthmaRICHARD R. LOVE, M.D., MICHAEL J. HAWKINS, M.D.RICHARD R. LOVE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MICHAEL J. HAWKINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-132_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Breast cancer occurs with greater frequency in women who have received breast irradiation during courses of radiotherapy or fluoroscopy for tuberculosis, mastitis, and acne (1). A recent patient of ours had been given radiation treatment at age 7 for "chronic asthmatic bronchitis." The radiation was administered with a 200 KV machine in two treatments given to anterior and posterior chest fields, with a total of 240 rad in air given anteriorly and 200 rad in air given posteriorly. The estimated total dose to each breast was 440 rad. At ages 28 and 32 she developed separate primary...References1. SCANLONBERKKHANDEKAR ERJ. Post irradiation neoplasia: a symposium. Curr Prob Cancer. 1978;6:3-45. Google Scholar2. Third National Cancer Survey: Incidence Data. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1975;41:122. Google Scholar3. ASHIKARHUVOSURBAN RAJ. Infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. Cancer. 1973;31:110-16. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. TOKUNAGALANDYAMAMOTO MLT. Breast cancer in Japanese A-bomb survivors. [Letter] Lancet. 1982;2:924. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BOICE J. Cancer following medical irradiation. Cancer. 1981;47:1081-90. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center Madison, WI 53792 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPreparation of pressure-sensitive adhesives for the production of sticky foam at ambient temperature 1 January 1985Volume 102, Issue 1Page: 132-133KeywordsAcneAsthmaBreast cancerBronchitisThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Muscle diffusion of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole in critically ill burn patients receiving continuous hemodialysis
Authors: Quentin Ressaire, Christophe Padoin, Marc Chaouat, Veronique Maurel, Alexandre Alanio, Axelle Ferry, Sabri Soussi, Mourad Benyamina, Blandine Denis, Maurice Mimoun, Alexandre Mebazaa, Matthieu Legrand
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
PET/CT imaging reveals a therapeutic response to oxazolidinones in macaques and humans with tuberculosis
Authors: M. Teresa Coleman, Ray Y. Chen, Myungsun Lee, Philana Ling Lin, Lori E. Dodd, Pauline Maiello, Laura E. Via, Youngran Kim, Gwendolyn Marriner, Veronique Dartois, Charles Scanga, Christopher Janssen, Jing Wang, Edwin Klein, Sang Nae Cho, Clifton E. Barry, JoAnne L. Flynn
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

PET/CT imaging in macaques and humans with TB shows a beneficial therapeutic response to linezolid and a new oxazolidinone antibiotic, AZD5847.
Serum B-type natriuretic peptide in the initial workup of patients with new onset ascites: A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Alberto Q. Farias, Odilson M. Silvestre, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Luis F.B. da Costa Seguro, Daniel F. de Campos Mazo, Fernando Bacal, José L. Andrade, Luciana L. Gonçalves, Célia Strunz, Danusa S. Ramos, Demerson Polli, Vincenzo Pugliese, Ana C.T. Rodrigues, Meive S. Furtado, Flair J. Carrilho, Luiz A.C. D'Albuquerque
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Heart failure (HF) is, after cirrhosis, the second-most common cause of ascites. Serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) plays an important role in the diagnosis of HF. Therefore, we hypothesized that BNP would be useful in the differential diagnosis of ascites. Consecutive patients with new onset ascites were prospectively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All patients had measurements of serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG), total protein concentration in ascitic fluid, serum, and ascites BNP. We enrolled 218 consecutive patients with ascites resulting from HF (n = 44), cirrhosis (n = 162), peritoneal disease (n = 10), and constrictive pericarditis (n = 2). Compared to SAAG and/or total protein concentration in ascites, the test that best discriminated HF-related ascites from other causes of ascites was serum BNP. A cutoff of >364 pg/mL (sensitivity 98%, specificity 99%, and diagnostic accuracy 99%) had the highest positive likelihood ratio (168.1); that is, it was the best to rule in HF-related ascites. Conversely, a cutoff ≤ 182 pg/mL had the lowest negative likelihood ratio (0.0) and was the best to rule out HF-related ascites. These findings were confirmed in a 60-patient validation cohort. Serum BNP is more accurate than ascites analyses in the diagnosis of HF-related ascites. The workup of patients with new onset ascites could be streamlined by obtaining serum BNP as an initial test and could forego the need for diagnostic paracentesis, particularly in cases where the cause of ascites is uncertain and/or could be the result of HF.