tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aspirin Use and Survival After Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Andrew T. Chan
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Aspirin reduces risk of colorectal neoplasia in randomized trials and inhibits tumor growth and metastases in animal models. However, the influence of aspirin on survival after diagnosis of colorectal cancer is unknown.<h3>Objective</h3>To examine the association between aspirin use after colorectal cancer diagnosis on colorectal cancer−specific and overall survival.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Prospective cohort study of 1279 men and women diagnosed with stage I, II, or III colorectal cancer. Participants were enrolled in 2 nationwide health professional cohorts in 1980 and 1986 prior to diagnosis and followed up through June 1, 2008.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Colorectal cancer−specific and overall mortality.<h3>Results</h3>After a median follow-up of 11.8 years, there were 193 total deaths (35%) and 81 colorectal cancer−specific deaths (15%) among 549 participants who regularly used aspirin after colorectal cancer diagnosis, compared with 287 total deaths (39%) and 141 colorectal cancer−specific deaths (19%) among 730 participants who did not use aspirin. Compared with nonusers, participants who regularly used aspirin after diagnosis experienced a multivariate hazard ratio (HR) for colorectal cancer−specific mortality of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.95) and for overall mortality of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65-0.97). Among 719 participants who did not use aspirin before diagnosis, aspirin use initiated after diagnosis was associated with a multivariate HR for colorectal cancer−specific mortality of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.33-0.86). Among 459 participants with colorectal cancers that were accessible for immunohistochemical assessment, the effect of aspirin differed significantly according to cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression (P for interaction = .04). Regular aspirin use after diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer−specific mortality among participants in whom primary tumors overexpressed COX-2 (multivariate HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20-0.76), whereas aspirin use was not associated with lower risk among those with primary tumors with weak or absent expression (multivariate HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.36-4.18).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Regular aspirin use after the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer−specific and overall mortality, especially among individuals with tumors that overexpress COX-2.
Equipment for multiple breath washout
Authors: S. I. Fuchs, M. Gappa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors: 

We read with interest the article “Paediatrics in Berlin” 1 in a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal , which summarised the paediatric topics of the European Respiratory Society’s Annual Congress in Berlin.

In this article, inert gas multiple breath washout (MBW) technique was highlighted as a promising tool for assessing parameters of ventilation inhomogeneity, such as the …
Patients are being discharged to die in care homes, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Experts have called for more funding for research into care at the end of life and have urged close scrutiny of the “increasing” number of deaths in care homes.

John Ellershaw, director of the Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute, Liverpool, said that more research was needed as part of the effort to resolve the “unacceptable variation” across the country in the quality of end of life care.

For every £100 (€130; $150) spent on cancer research, just 24 pence was spent on research into end of life, around 0.3%, he said. “With this level of funding we will not move forward fast enough, if at all. I would like to see this increased to 10%. It might sound a lot, but with our aging population it is vital.”

Ellershaw, who is also a professor of palliative medicine at Liverpool University, was speaking at a …
CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES AND THYROID-STIMULATING IMMUNOGLOBULINS BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER ANTITHYROID DRUG THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH GRAVES' DISEASE
Authors: DaanVan Der Heide, JanH. Bolk, TjerkW.A. De Bruin, LeendertA. Van Es, MohamedR. Daha, JacobaK. Bussemaker, BernardM. Goslings, Andries Querido
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
Why Do Pathological Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinomas Vary from Prognosis?: A Clinicopathologic Study of 176 Patients with Pathological Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on the IASLC/ATS/ERS Classification
Authors: Jie Zhang, Jie Wu, Qiang Tan, Lei Zhu, Wen Gao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Quantitative histological analysis of the human sinoatrial node during growth and aging.
Authors: I Shiraishi, T Takamatsu, T Minamikawa, Z Onouchi, S Fujita
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Fibrosis or fatty infiltration of the human sinoatrial (SA) node is generally believed to represent replacement of the SA nodal cells by connective tissue. Quantitative analysis, however, has not been performed precisely to validate the interpretation of such histological changes. METHODS AND RESULTS The actual volume of the SA node and its components were calculated according to the sum of the pixel number representing the colors of SA nodal cells and connective tissue in serial sections using a digital color image analyzer. Average volume occupied by the total SA nodal cells in adolescents and adults (n = 7) was 3.55 +/- 0.45 mm3, which was 2.4 times greater than that in infants (n = 3). The rate of increase was smaller than that of the total SA node (4.2 times, 16.68 +/- 2.56 mm3 in adolescents and adults). The considerable discrepancy in the growth ratio between the SA nodal cells and the total SA node resulted from an increase in the volume of connective tissue (7.4 times). In the elderly (n = 9), the volume of total SA node and SA nodal cells actually decreased (13.10 +/- 1.85 mm3 and 2.18 +/- 0.44 mm3), whereas that of fibrous connective tissue remained unchanged. Constant DNA ploidy patterns of SA nodal cells determined by cytofluorometry indicated that SA nodal cells never synthesize DNA during growth. CONCLUSIONS Until adulthood, the actual volume of SA nodal cells does not decrease, although the increase in volume ratio of the interstitial tissue to the total SA node has merely given a false impression of involution of SA nodal cells. Atrophy of SA nodal cells, however, occurs during aging together with reduction of the SA node and/or infiltration of fatty tissue.
Surfactant protein A in chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis: Table 1–
Authors: Martina Sterclova, Martina Vasakova, Peter Paluch, Milan Paulik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

To the Editors:

The chronic form of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) may have some common features with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The clinical, radiological and histopathological presentation of both diseases may be similar. Surfactant protein (SP)-A can be detected in serum of patients with IPF and concentrations of SP-A were found to be elevated in these patients [1]. The aim of the present study was to compare serum SP-A concentrations in IPF and chronic EAA patients and detect possible relationships between SP-A levels, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid differential cell counts, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns and pulmonary function tests in both diseases.

13 patients with chronic EAA and seven patients with IPF were enrolled in the retrospective study after informed consent was obtained. The mean±sd age of IPF patients was 63.7±12.4 yrs and the mean±sd age of the EAA group 60.3±11.3 yrs. Only one IPF patient was a smoker, all others were nonsmokers.

All of the enrolled subjects underwent a diagnostic programme including history assessment, physical examination, pulmonary function tests, blood tests including evaluation of SP-A serum concentrations, HRCT of the chest, bronchoscopy with BAL and transbronchial biopsy. HRCT alveolar and interstitial scores were …
Fractionated Electrograms From a Computer Model of Heterogeneously Uncoupled Anisotropic Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: Willard S. Ellis, David M. Auslander, Michael D. Lesh
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The relation between heterogeneously coupled myocardium and fractionated electrograms is incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to use a detailed computer model of nonuniformly anisotropic myocardium to test the hypothesis that spatial variation of morphology of electrograms recorded simultaneously from multiple sites increases with increasing heterogeneity of intercellular coupling. Methods and Results A sheet of elements with Beeler-Reuter ionic kinetics was coupled with cytoplasmic resistivity to model cells. Gap junctional resistance values were assigned by recursive randomization to produce a fractal pattern of heterogeneous coupling, simulating damage resulting from infarction. The correlation dimension of the pattern, D, measured heterogeneity of intercellular coupling. The peak-to-peak amplitude, duration, minimum derivative (steepest downslope), number of inflections, frequency of peak power, and bandwidth of unfiltered unipolar electrograms were calculated. Linear regressions indicate ( P &lt;.001) that the coefficient of variation of five electrogram metrics increases with increasing substrate heterogeneity and that the distance over which electrogram morphology decorrelates decreases with increasing heterogeneity of intercellular coupling. Conclusions These findings confirm our hypothesis that the spatial variation of morphology of electrograms recorded simultaneously from multiple sites increases with increasing heterogeneity of intercellular coupling.
Empyema in Rheumatoid Lung Disease
Authors: SHELDON P. BLAU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 September 1971Empyema in Rheumatoid Lung DiseaseSHELDON P. BLAU, M.D.SHELDON P. BLAU, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-3-476 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We reviewed with interest the article by Drs. Jones and Blodgett, "Empyema in Rheumatoid Pleuropulmonary Disease," in the May 1971 ANNALS. We have a monthly Rheumatology Club, which includes all of the rheumatologists in Nassau and Suffolk counties. In polling the number of pleural effusions that we have seen and tapped, we have found no empyema in over 75 pleurocenteses of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We wonder if faulty laboratory techniques might not explain the unprecendented percentage reported by Drs. Jones and Blodgett.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SHELDON P. BLAU, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of pleural empyemaThe Non-ILD Pulmonary Manifestations of RARheumatoid Pleural EffusionLarge pleural effusions in rheumatoid arthritis 1 September 1971Volume 75, Issue 3 Page: 476-476 Keywords Lungs Pleural effusion Research laboratories Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparison of immediate invasive, delayed invasive, and conservative strategies after tissue-type plasminogen activator. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II-A trial.
Authors: W J Rogers, D S Baim, J M Gore, B G Brown, R Roberts, D O Williams, J H Chesebro, J D Babb, F H Sheehan, F J Wackers
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To assess the value and timing of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 586 patients in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Study Phase II-A were randomized among three treatment strategies, one using immediate coronary arteriography followed by PTCA if appropriate (immediate invasive strategy group, n = 195), a second that deferred angiography and PTCA for 18-48 hours (delayed invasive strategy group, n = 194), and a third, more conservative, approach in which PTCA was used only if ischemia occurred spontaneously or at the time of predischarge exercise testing (conservative strategy group, n = 197). Predischarge contrast left ventricular ejection fraction, the primary study end point, was similar among the patients in all three treatment groups and averaged 49.3%. The finding of a patent infarct-related artery at the time of predischarge arteriography was equally common among the patients in the three groups (mean, 83.7%); however, the mean residual infarct artery stenosis was greater in the patients in the conservative strategy group (67.2%) as compared with the patients in the immediate invasive (50.6%) and the delayed invasive strategy groups (47.8%) (p less than 0.001). Immediate invasive strategy led to a higher rate of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) after PTCA (7.7%) than did delayed invasive and conservative strategies (2.1% and 2.5%, respectively; p less than 0.01). Furthermore, among patients not undergoing CABG during the first 21 days, blood transfusion of more than 1 unit was used in 13.8% of the patients in the immediate invasive strategy group, 3.1% of the patients in the delayed invasive strategy group, and 2.0% of the patients in the conservative strategy group (p less than 0.001). At 1-year follow-up, the three treatment groups had similar cumulative rates of mortality (8.7%, pooled over all groups), fatal and nonfatal reinfarction (8.5%), combined death and reinfarction (14.5%), and CABG (17.2%), although the cumulative performance rate of PTCA remained higher in the invasive groups (immediate invasive strategy group, 75.8%; delayed invasive strategy group, 64.3%; and conservative strategy group, 23.9%; p less than 0.001). Thus, because conservative strategy achieves equally good short- and long-term outcome with less morbidity and a lower use of PTCA, it seems to be the preferred initial management strategy.
A clinical scoring system for predicting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in morbidly obese patients
Authors: Guilherme M. Campos, Kiran Bambha, Eric Vittinghoff, Charlotte Rabl, Andrew M. Posselt, Ruxandra Ciovica, Umesh Tiwari, Linda Ferrel, Mark Pabst, Nathan M. Bass, Raphael B. Merriman
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is common in morbidly obese persons. Liver biopsy is diagnostic but technically challenging in such individuals. This study was undertaken to develop a clinically useful scoring system to predict the probability of NASH in morbidly obese persons, thus assisting in the decision to perform liver biopsy. Consecutive subjects undergoing bariatric surgery without evidence of other liver disease underwent intraoperative liver biopsy. The outcome was pathologic diagnosis of NASH. Predictors evaluated were demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables. A clinical scoring system was constructed by rounding the estimated regression coefficients for the independent predictors in a multivariate logistic model for the diagnosis of NASH. Of 200 subjects studied, 64 (32%) had NASH. Median body mass index was 48 kg/m2 (interquartile range, 43-55). Multivariate analysis identified six predictive factors for NASH: the diagnosis of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1-5.6), type 2 diabetes (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.3), sleep apnea (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.3-12.2), AST &gt; 27 IU/L (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.0), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) &gt; 27 IU/L (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-8.0), and non-Black race (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 1.9-37.1). A NASH Clinical Scoring System for Morbid Obesity was derived to predict the probability of NASH in four categories (low, intermediate, high, and very high). Conclusion: The proposed clinical scoring can predict NASH in morbidly obese persons with sufficient accuracy to be considered for clinical use, identifying a very high-risk group in whom liver biopsy would be very likely to detect NASH, as well as a low-risk group in whom biopsy can be safely delayed or avoided.
Addressing Food Insecurity
Authors: Samuel Bitton, Jesse Roth
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Academic medicine: who is it for?
Authors: Rebecca J Bailey, Rick Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—One of Abbasi's four pillars of global academic medicine is teaching.1 Learners need an appropriate environment and various learning activities that include opportunities to practise and receive feedback on their performance. Education is more effective when expected outcomes build on existing knowledge, skills, and attitudes, are relevant to the future tasks of healthcare providers, correspond to the health needs of a society, and are supported by policies and practices in governments and at healthcare facilities. Because the needs of healthcare consumers are diverse, education should focus on preparing healthcare providers who can function in several roles, including the key roles of clinician, communicator, educator, counsellor, administrator, and manager.

Health systems evolve and adapt to the current and anticipated health needs of individuals and societies, and to continuing advances in knowledge and technology, so healthcare providers who enter the profession this year may not be those who are needed next year. Undergraduate education, therefore, has the dual task of preparing healthcare providers to enter professional practice and continue learning and improving their practice throughout their professional careers. Educators need to define carefully a feasible set of core or essential competencies that graduates must achieve in an academic programme.

Designing educational programmes for healthcare providers entails several challenges. Common challenges for all institutions are many students, limited opportunities for relevant practical experiences, and a growing amount of information that needs to be covered. The World Health Organization's Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development and JHPIEGO Corporation, a non-profit affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, have recently developed a learning package on effective teaching that recognises these common challenges and proposes practical approaches that educators who plan and conduct courses can use to improve the effectiveness of their teaching.
Daniel M. Albert Becomes Editor of AMA's Archives of Ophthalmology in Its 125th Year
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

DANIEL M. ALBERT, MD, becomes editor of the American Medical Association's (AMA)<i>Archives of Ophthalmology</i>this month, succeeding Morton F. Goldberg, MD, who completed his 10-year term with the June issue. <i>Archives of Ophthalmology</i>, which this year is marking its 125th anniversary of continuous publication, is circulated within and from the United States in its monthly English-language edition to readers in more than 40 countries, is also published in English in India for ophthalmologists there, and has foreign-language editions in China and Spain. The journal was founded in 1869 by Herman Knapp, MD, and became an AMA publication in 1929. Daniel Albert, the new editor, is Frederick A. Davis Professor and chair, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, where he also is professor, Department of the History of Medicine. Morton Goldberg, whom he succeeds, is director and William Holland Wilmer Professor, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University
The "David" Of Michelangelo or (Why The Foreskin?)
Authors: P. Ciaglia
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Harnes (<b>217</b>:1241, 1971) reminded me of a visit to Florence, Italy. In this city, famous for its art treasures, the "David" of Michelangelo towers over all of them. Although I am far from a "conoscente," this 17-foot statue of "David" filled me with awe and admiration. Nevertheless, I immediately made an observation that aroused my curiosity and I whispered it to my wife—who was immediately outraged. I had merely pointed out that "David" was not circumcised. To me this detail was of great social, political, and religious significance. Was Michelangelo so ignorant that he did not realize his error? We think not! Michelangelo was thoroughly versed in the Testaments. Did he fear the displeasure of the Church, since the statue would bear a visible sign of Judaism? The ideal of manhood would be presented as not even being a Christian! Or was it
Surveillance of Acute Complications of New Therapies
Authors: Steven M Teutsch, William H Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

In its essence, surveillance is the continuous gathering, analysis, and dissemination of data to those who need to know for the purposes of disease control. To understand the complications of new therapies, data concerning the type and number of complications (numerator) and the population at risk for complications (denominator) must be gathered. Information about the expected rates of complications among comparison populations must be known to place the observed rates into perspective. Such data may be developed through active or passive reporting systems, clinic-based surveillance, follow-up of sentinel events, and registries. An investigation of mortality among users of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps is used as an example.