tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in suicide and unemployment in Scotland, 1976-86.
Authors: I. K. Crombie
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To establish whether a correlation exists between unemployment and suicide the trends in the rates of both among men in Scotland during 1976-86 were studied. Both rates showed rapid increases in the late 1970s and then much slower increases after 1982. In contrast, among women, although the rate of unemployment followed a similar pattern, there was a gradual fall in the rate of suicide. The trends in regional unemployment for men during 1971-81 were compared with the suicide rates for the period before the increase (1974-7) and the period after the rapid increase (1983-6). No association was observed between trends in suicide and unemployment when analysed by health board areas or aggregates of local government districts. These data do not support the hypothesis that the rise in unemployment is a direct cause of the rise in suicide rates among men.
LG-06 * EFFECTS OF TORC1/2 INHIBITOR MLN0128 ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH MEK INHIBITION IN BRAF MUTATED GLIOMA CELLS
Authors: S. Mueller, R. Dik, X. Yang, O. Aleksandra, C. Gustafson, S. DuBois, W. Weiss, A. Waanders, A. Resnick, D. Haas-Kogan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: First generation allosteric inhibitors of mTORC1 have shown clinical benefit for the treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG). MEK inhibition has shown great promise in early phase clinical trials for PLGG with the hypothesis that tumors carrying the KIAA1549:BRAF are particularly sensitive to such treatment. MLN0128, a second-generation, ATP-competitive, pan-mTOR kinase inhibitor, acts on both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Herein we investigate the effects of MLN0128 monotherapy as well as in combination with MEK inhibition in models of PLGG. METHODS: We used human glioma cell lines containing BRAFV600E (AM38), wild-type BRAF (LN229, TN98, SF188) and isogenic systems of KIAA1549:BRAF-expressing NIH3T3 cells. Signaling inhibitors included MLN0128, everolimus, BRAFV600E specific inhibitor PLX4720 and MEK specific inhibitors AZD6244 and GSK1120212. Cell proliferation was determined using an ATP-based assay. Biochemical effects were assessed using western blot analysis. In vivo activity of these inhibitors are ongoing using the BT40 PLGG xenograft mouse model. RESULTS: MLN0128 monotherapy shows stronger anti-proliferative effects compared to everolimus across cell lines independent of BRAF status. As expected, treatment with MLN0128 leads to down-regulation of p-AKT and p-4EBP1, whereas treatment with everolimus only reduces expression of p-S6. MEK inhibition with AZD6244 effectively decreases p-ERK expression in all lines; however, the addition of MLN0128 to AZD6244 causes a rebound in p-ERK expression in BRAFWT gliomas but not in gliomas expression BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF alterations. In cells carrying either the BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF alteration, combined treatment with MLN0128 and GSK1120212 or AZD6244 leads to synergistic anti-proliferative effects whereas such synergy is not present in BRAFWT gliomas. In vivo studies in the PLGG xenograft model BT40 are ongoing. CONCLUSION: MLN0128 has synergistic effects with MEK inhibition in gliomas bearing BRAFV600E or KIAA1549:BRAF. In BRAF wild-type cells such synergy is not present, perhaps due to rebound in p-ERK when MLN0128 is combined with AZD6244.
IMPACT OF DIALYSIS-DEPENDENT END STAGE RENAL DISEASE AND ADVANCED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Puja Parikh, Luis Gruberg, Allen Jeremias, Srihari S. Naidu, Richard A. Shlofmitz, Sorin J. Brenner, Thomas Pappas, Kevin P. Marzo, David L. Brown
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Non-Venereal Bubo
Authors: C. C. Godding
Journal: BMJ (1897)

Contrary to what is generally stated, I never observed the rash on the face, thougli a suffused blush at the commence- ment of the illness was common.The white line which -remains for a few seconds on drawing the fingernail across the skin, and which is spoken of as " typical " in scarlet fever, I invariably failed to produce.If this line be pathogno- -monic of the scarlet fever rash, as some say it is, its absence would be a valuable sign to rely on in distinguishing the two rashes.Enlargement of the posterior cervical glands was a con- stant and marked feature, I think, without exception, in all the cases.In the great majority of the cases little complaint {of illness was made, and that only transitory, seldom lasting beyond the first or second day; and, with rare exceptions, the appetite was scarcely, if at all, impaired.In some few, however, convalescence was not established for a week or ten days.In one case, that of a child aged 5, the temperature rose to I00 on three or four successive days; there was considerable delirium ; pulse as rapid as 130, and there was very abundant rash, followed by conspicuous desquamation, which was general over the body, and was not completed till some weeks had elapsed.There were several other cases which resembled this one, though of lessened severity.Many of the children, including the child above-mentioned, were, despite the precautionary orders to the contrary, allowed to play in the open air during the desquamation stage, yet no harm resulted.In all the cases which were at all severe the urine was examined for albumen on different occasions, yet in not one instance was albumen present.In two cases pains in the
Protective Effects of B Vitamins and Antioxidants on the Risk of Arsenic-Related Skin Lesions in Bangladesh
Authors: Lydia B. Zablotska, Yu Chen, Joseph H. Graziano, Faruque Parvez, Alexander van Geen, Geoffrey R. Howe, Habibul Ahsan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundAn estimated 25–40 million of the 127 million people of Bangladesh have been exposed to high levels of naturally occurring arsenic from drinking groundwater. The mitigating effects of diet on arsenic-related premalignant skin lesions are largely unknown.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of the vitamin B group (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and cobalamin) and antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E) on arsenic-related skin lesions.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS), 2000–2002, with individual-level, time-weighted measures of arsenic exposure from drinking water. A total of 14,828 individuals meeting a set of eligibility criteria were identified among 65,876 users of all 5,996 tube wells in the 25-km2 area of Araihazar, Bangladesh; 11,746 were recruited into the study. This analysis is based on 10,628 subjects (90.5%) with nonmissing dietary data. Skin lesions were identified according to a structured clinical protocol during screening and confirmed with further clinical review.ResultsRiboflavin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and vitamins A, C, and E significantly modified risk of arsenic-related skin lesions. The deleterious effect of ingested arsenic, at a given exposure level, was significantly reduced (ranging from 46% reduction for pyridoxine to 68% for vitamin C) for persons in the highest quintiles of vitamin intake.ConclusionsIntakes of B-vitamins and antioxidants, at doses greater than the current recommended daily amounts for the country, may reduce the risk of arsenic-related skin lesions in Bangladesh.
Do the poor sue more? A case-control study of malpractice claims and socioeconomic status
Authors: H. R. Burstin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate whether socioeconomic status is associated with risk of malpractice claims, particularly among those who have suffered medical injury. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Fifty-one hospitals in New York State. <h3>Methods.</h3> —The presence and severity of medical injury, defined as disability at the time of discharge or prolongation of the hospitalization caused by medical treatment as opposed to the disease process, were assessed through review of approximately 31 000 hospital records in New York in 1984. These sampled records were then linked to formal malpractice claims. To estimate the risk of malpractice claims by age, gender, race, insurance status, and income, we conducted a case-control study of claimant cases matched with nonclaimant controls. The cases were all those patients who filed malpractice claims referring to alleged malpractice during a sampled hospitalization. Physician reviewers had previously judged the level of disability that resulted from the medical injury. Claimants (n=51) were each matched with five nonclaimant controls on the basis of injury. Noninjured cases were matched with noninjured controls and injured cases were matched with injured controls. <h3>Results.</h3> —We found that poor patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.2; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.03 to 0.8) and uninsured patients (OR, 0.1; 95% Cl, 0.005 to 0.9) were significantly less likely to file malpractice claims, after controlling for the severity of medical injury. Among patients who suffered medical injury, the elderly (OR, 0.2; 95% Cl, 0.03 to 0.9) were also less likely to file claims. Gender and race were not independently associated with risk of malpractice claims. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Poor and uninsured patients are significantly less likely to sue for malpractice, even after controlling for the presence of medical injury. Fear of malpractice risk should not be a significant factor in the decision to serve the poor. Tort reforms that would protect physicians who serve the medically indigent from malpractice suits may not be warranted. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1697-1701)
CD14 and NFAT mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced skin edema formation in mice
Authors: Ivan Zanoni, Renato Ostuni, Simona Barresi, Marco Di Gioia, Achille Broggi, Barbara Costa, Roberta Marzi, Francesca Granucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Inflammation is a multistep process triggered when innate immune cells - for example, DCs - sense a pathogen or injured cell or tissue. Edema formation is one of the first steps in the inflammatory response; it is fundamental for the local accumulation of inflammatory mediators. Injection of LPS into the skin provides a model for studying the mechanisms of inflammation and edema formation. While it is known that innate immune recognition of LPS leads to activation of numerous transcriptional activators, including nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) isoforms, the molecular pathways that lead to edema formation have not been determined. As PGE2 regulates many proinflammatory processes, including swelling and pain, and it is induced by LPS, we hypothesized that PGE2 mediates the local generation of edema following LPS exposure. Here, we show that tissue-resident DCs are the main source of PGE2 and the main controllers of tissue edema formation in a mouse model of LPS-induced inflammation. LPS exposure induced expression of microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1), a key enzyme in PGE2 biosynthesis. mPGES-1 activation, PGE2 production, and edema formation required CD14 (a component of the LPS receptor) and NFAT. Therefore, tissue edema formation induced by LPS is DC and CD14/NFAT dependent. Moreover, DCs can regulate free antigen arrival at the draining lymph nodes by controlling edema formation and interstitial fluid pressure in the presence of LPS. We therefore suggest that the CD14/NFAT/mPGES-1 pathway represents a possible target for antiinflammatory therapies.
Landmark article March 25, 1922. Medicolegal application of human blood grouping. Second communication. By R. Ottenberg
Authors: R. Ottenberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The best technic for the tests is the open slide method. The sources of error are: (1) deteriorated serums; (2) weak serums; (3) hemolysis; (4) incubation at 37 C.; (5) drying; (6) settling of cells; (7) microscope observation; (8) dense cell emulsions; (9) undeveloped group characters, and (10) autoagglutination. On account of these, the following precautions must be observed: (a) Every test must be done in duplicate, using different sets of test serums. (b) Test serums must be shown to be active at the time of the tests. (c) Wherever there is the possibility of doubt, both serum and cells of the individual must be tested. (d) The cell emulsion without addition of test serum must also be examined. In studies of human heredity, the accidental inclusion of cases of illegitimacy can best be avoided if the mother of each family fully understands the object of the examinations and consents to them. Buchanan's failure to confirm the hereditary nature of the blood groups is apparently the result of errors of observation. He disagrees with all other authors, who are unanimous in their findings and have recorded almost a thousand cases.
1149 GUT MICROBIOTA MIGHT BE A KEY FACTOR ON THE SEVERITY OF ACUTE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Authors: M. Llopis, A.-M. Cassard-Doulcier, T. Le Roy, S. Naveau, H. Agostini, S. Prévot, A.-S. Dobrin, D. Emilie, P. Gérard, G. Perlemuter
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Prevention of cardiovascular events in end-stage renal disease: Results of a randomized trial of fosinopril and implications for future studies
Authors: F. Zannad, M. Kessler, P. Lehert, J.P. Grünfeld, C. Thuilliez, A. Leizorovicz, P. Lechat, None for the Fosidial Investigators
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
A PLEA FOR THE MEDICAL EXPERT.
Authors: L. HARRISON METTLER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Ever since Bacon and Descartes overthrew the deductive method of scientific investigation founded by Aristotle and practiced by the mediæval schoolmen, a. more rigid exactness has been demanded by mankind in the statement of scientific facts. "Give us facts and away with theories" is the modern battlecry of practical science. A mathematical precision only is worthy of its dignity. Mathematics itself and chemistry and astronomy are upheld as the models, and all knowledge that falls short of their exactness is looked upon with a gentle suspicion, and perhaps a sympathetic pity. Civil and mechanical engineering, architecture, steam manufacturing, and all the other arts and sciences based upon geometrical principles have taught us to be so rigid in our demands that we have very little patience left for what cannot be demonstrated by the rule of three or solved by the theorems of Euclid. We want so much to know the
CDK Inhibitor p18INK4c Is a Downstream Target of GATA3 and Restrains Mammary Luminal Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Xin-Hai Pei, Feng Bai, Matthew D. Smith, Jerry Usary, Cheng Fan, Sung-Yun Pai, I-Cheng Ho, Charles M. Perou, Yue Xiong
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
SOME THOUGHTS ON OVERCROWDING AND TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: S. A. KNOPF
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I have been requested by the Secretary of the Committee on Tuberculosis, appointed by the President ofThe American Medical Association, to write a few words on the etiology of tuberculosis, more particularly on the relation which overcrowding bears to the frequency of consumption. To offer something new in this line is really difficult, for the subject has been treated so many times by abler minds than my own. In some of my previous publications<sup>1</sup>I have spoken of numerous visits made to the tenements of New York, of the heartrending conditions I have found there among consumptives, and of the sweatshops as agents in the propagation of disease, but, after all, I presume it can not be repeated too often that the tuberculosis problem, especially in our large cities, will never be solved unless we begin by improving the sanitary condition of the tenements. There should be laws
Plasma Nicotine Levels in Pipe Smokers
Authors: Kevin McCusker
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The lower morbidity and mortality of pipe smokers compared with cigarette smokers may be due to different inhaling patterns of pipe smokers. Plasma nicotine levels were determined in three groups of pipe smokers: (1) primary pipe smokers, (2) persons who smoke both pipes and cigarettes, and (3) secondary pipe smokers, ie, former cigarette smokers who now smoke pipes only. Primary pipe smokers inhaled minimally, as evidenced by low plasma nicotine concentrations after pipe smoking. In contrast, persons who smoke cigarettes and also pipes had high plasma nicotine levels after pipe smoking (mean, 22 ng/mL) and, hence, must have inhaled. Secondary pipe smokers (former cigarette smokers) had mostly low levels of plasma nicotine (mean, 6 ng/mL), suggesting that not all cigarette smokers continue to inhale when converting to pipe smoking. Pipe smoking may be safer than cigarette smoking in certain individuals. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:577-578)
Syndrome of Fever, Anaemia, and High Sedimentation Rate with an Atrial Myxoma
Authors: G. A. MacGregor, R. A. Cullen
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Within the last five years 15 cases have been reported in which a myxoma of the left atrium was diagnosed during life.In one instance the diagnosis was suggested by the clinical findings alone (Kirkeby and Leren, 1952), and in the others it was ultimately made either by angiocardiography (Steinberg et al., 1953;Crafoord, 1954;van Buchem and Eerland, 1957) or during cardiotomy for suspected mitral stenosis.In 12 cases an attempt was made to excise the tumour, but the operation was successful in only four of them (Crafoord, 1954;Scannell et al., 1956;Bigelow et al., 1956;Chin and Ross, 1957).The myxoma was found unexpectedly during exploration of the mitral valve in at least two of the successful cases, and a second operation with a different anatomical approach was then necessary.Pre-operative diagnosis of these tumours is therefore desirable, but their extreme rarity and their tendency to imitate mitral-valve lesions makes this difficult.On this account we report the case below.which, although extensively investigated, was not diagnosed during life.Differentiating features have been described, but they do not usually appear until the tumour has grown dangerously large.Alterations in symptoms and signs with changes in posture, recurrent syncope simulating Stokes-Adams attacks, systemic embolism without bacteriaemia, variability of the heart murmurs, and progressive failure with rapid cardiac enlargement are recognized as characteristic of this condition (Yater, 1931).Several of these features apeared in the case reported here, together with other abnormalities which have received less attention.
Effects of chronic treatment with the c-kit ligand, stem cell factor, on immunoglobulin E-dependent anaphylaxis in mice. Genetically mast cell-deficient Sl/Sld mice acquire anaphylactic responsiveness, but the congenic normal mice do not exhibit augmented responses.
Authors: A Ando, T R Martin, S J Galli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We treated genetically mast cell-deficient WCB6F1-Sl/Sld mice and the congenic normal (WCB6F1(-)+/+) mice with the c-kit ligand recombinant rat stem cell factor164 (rrSCF164; 100 micrograms/kg per d, subcutaneously) or with vehicle for 21 d, then passively sensitized the mice with anti-dinitrophenol30-40 immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, and 1 d later measured the changes in heart rate, pulmonary dynamic compliance, and pulmonary conductance, and assessed the death rates associated with intravenous challenge of these animals with specific antigen. rrSCF164 treatment induced the development of mast cells in Sl/Sld mice, and these mice exhibited tachycardia, but not death, after challenge with IgE and antigen. rrSCF164 treatment induced mast cell hyperplasia in +/+ mice, but the cardiopulmonary changes associated with passive anaphylaxis in these mice were virtually indistinguishable from those observed in control +/+ mice treated with vehicle instead of rrSCF164. Moreover, the highest dose of antigen challenge produced significantly fewer fatalities in rrSCF164-treated than in vehicle-treated +/+ mice (1/11 vs. 8/11, respectively, P < 0.01). Thus, in normal mice, chronic treatment with rrSCF164 induces mast cell hyperplasia but does not increase, and in certain respects diminishes, the severity of IgE-dependent anaphylactic reactions.
GLAUCOMA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MEDICAL ASPECTS AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Authors: H. M. Traquair
Journal: BMJ (1935)

The reference in the title of this discussion is very wide, and this paper is concerned only with clinical experience in connexion with that form of primary glaucoma known as chronic or simple glaucoma.By primary glaucoma is meant increased intraocular pressure of unknown ctausation.The forms of glaucoma referred to as subacute, acute, congestive, or inflammatory are to be regarded as
THE EFFECT OF THYROXIN UPON THE METABOLISM OF ISOLATED NORMAL AND MALIGNANT TISSUE
Authors: Ovid O. Meyer, Claire McTiernan, Joseph C. Aub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

In the course of an extended study of the influence of the internal secretions upon tissue metabolism, the thyroid influence seemed particularly significant.Here, therefore, is presented a detailed report of its effect not only upon a parasitic tumor tissue, but also upon the liver tissue of the host.The effect of the hormones upon tumor growth has been investigated extensively by others but the effect upon the metabolism of the tumor has received little or no attention.Several reports of the effect of thyroxin upon the metabolism of various normal isolated tissues have been made since 1924, but the results have been somewhat contradictory.Ahlgren (1) reported that thyroxin increased the metabolic rate of tissues of frogs in vitro as measured by acceleration of the reduction of methylene blue.In 1925 he reported that thyroxin increased the oxygen consumption of thy- roid-deprived muscle, and pituitrin in proper concentration acted similarly.Reinwein and Singer (2) found an increase in the oxygen consumption of surviving liver cells after addition in vitro of thyroid extract but Paasch and Reinwein (3) found no effect upon the surviving diaphragm of the rat.Wohlgemuth and Klopstock (4) noted very striking increases in the oxygen consumption of skin with inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis after adminis- tration in vitro of thyroid.Hopping (5) reported increase in the metabo- lism of alligator blood of 150 to 190 per cent after injection of thyroxin but no effect from the direct addition of this substance to the blood.
Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: Richard O. Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Drs White and Thompson and Dr Weinberg and Mr Paturas for their thoughtful letters and congratulate Drs White and Thompson for their important work on CPR. Dr Stolfi has added an interesting historical footnote to this topic. Each year in the United States millions of people learn the potentially lifesaving skill of CPR. National organizations such as the American Heart Association and the American Red Cross invest much time, energy, and money in CPR training activities. Are these people and organizations wasting their time learning and teaching a possibly ineffective technique? Our position is that enough clinical experience and evidence exists to enthusiastically and unequivocally encourage widespread training in the skills of basic life support. In the past decade a "renaissance of research"<sup>1</sup>into the physiology of CPR has occurred that has been stimulating, exciting, and, as we stated in our article, "a challenge to
Genome-wide DNA profiling of marginal zone lymphomas identifies subtype-specific lesions with an impact on the clinical outcome
Authors: Andrea Rinaldi, Michael Mian, Ekaterina Chigrinova, Luca Arcaini, Govind Bhagat, Urban Novak, Paola M. V. Rancoita, Cassio P. De Campos, Francesco Forconi, Randy D. Gascoyne, Fabio Facchetti, Maurilio Ponzoni, Silvia Govi, Andrés J. M. Ferreri, Manuela Mollejo, Miguel A. Piris, Luca Baldini, Jean Soulier, Catherine Thieblemont, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Valter Gattei, Roberto Marasca, Silvia Franceschetti, Gianluca Gaidano, Alessandra Tucci, Silvia Uccella, Maria Grazia Tibiletti, Stephan Dirnhofer, Claudio Tripodo, Claudio Doglioni, Riccardo Dalla Favera, Franco Cavalli, Emanuele Zucca, Ivo Kwee, Francesco Bertoni
Journal: Blood (2010)