tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The pathophysiology of failure in acute right ventricular hypertension: hemodynamic and biochemical correlations.
Authors: G J Vlahakes, K Turley, J I Hoffman
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Acute right ventricular (RV) hypertension and failure occur clinically. In this study we examined the mechanism of RV failure. Adult dogs were studied acutely under anesthesia; dogs were instrumented for measurement of pressures and right coronary artery blood flow. Myocardial blood flow and cardiac output were determined with radionuclide-labeled microspheres, and the presence of ischemia was determined by biochemical analysis of ventricular biopsies. RV hypertension was produced by constricting the pulmonary artery and was increased until RV failure occurred, as evidenced by decreased aortic pressure and cardiac output and increased RV end-diastolic pressure. With increasing RV systolic pressure, RV myocardial blood flow failed to increase in proportion to demand. At the onset of RV failure, there was no reactive hyperemia of right coronary flow compared with control, indicating the absence of further coronary vascular reserve; biochemical analysis demonstrated that the RV free wall was ischemic; the LV free wall was not. Infusion of phenylephrine raised aortic pressure and hence, myocardial perfusion pressure; RV failure reversed as shown by decreased RV end-diastolic pressure and increased cardiac output and RV systolic pressure; reactive hyperemia of right coronary flow was restored and the biochemical indexes of ischemia were reversed, demonstrating that ischemia is the cause of failure in acute RV hypertension.
Characterization of rabbit stromal fibroblasts derived from red and yellow bone marrow.
Authors: D F Bainton, M A Maloney, H M Patt, R Stern
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Rabbit stromal fibroblasts subcultured from red and yellow bone marrow and implanted beneath the renal capsule form ossicles the hemic cellularity of which mirrors the cellularity of the marrow used for culture. Although the cultured red and yellow marrow cells are similar in fine-structural appearance, they differ strikingly in enzymatic content of alpha-naphthylbutyrate esterase, which is abundant only in the cells derived from yellow marrow. Other observers (20, 21) have proposed that stromal fibroblasts are preadipocytes, and this data suggests that those derived from yellow marrow have the phenotype of more differentiated adipocytes. On the other hand, fibroblasts derived from red and yellow bone marrow show no differences in their profiles of procollagen synthesis. Both types of fibroblasts secrete type III procollagen as the major species, with a I/III ratio of 1:3; in contrast, rabbit dermal fibroblasts have a prominent peak of type I procollagen. The similarity of stromal cells derived from red and yellow bone marrow in procollagen synthesis suggests that the collagen part of the extracellular matrix is not the only basis for their intrinsic difference in capacity for hematopoiesis.
Which is the best streptokinase regimen in ST acute myocardial infarction? A prospective study
Authors: Gabriel Tatu-Chitoiu, Cristina Teodorescu, Monica Dan, Manuela Guran, Petre Capraru, Alexandrina Tatu-Chitoiu, Aurelia Bumbu, Maria Dorobantu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Outcome of Alcohol Septal Ablation for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy”
Authors: Paul Sorajja, Uma Valeti, Rick A. Nishimura, Steve R. Ommen, Charanjit S. Rihal, Bernard J. Gersh, David R. Holmes, David O. Hodge, Hartzell V. Schaff
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Induced pluripotent stem cells: From Nobel Prizes to clinical applications
Authors: S. Tamir Rashid, Graeme J.M. Alexander
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Advances in basic hepatology have been constrained for many years by the inability to culture primary hepatocytes in vitro, until just over five years ago when the scientific playing field was changed beyond recognition with the demonstration that human skin fibroblasts could be reprogrammed to resemble embryonic cells. The reprogrammed cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), were then shown to have the capacity to re-differentiate into almost any human cell type, including hepatocytes. The unlimited number and isogenic nature of the cells that can be generated from tiny fragments of tissue have massive implications for the study of human liver diseases in vitro. Of more immediate clinical importance were recent data demonstrating precision gene therapy on patient specific iPSCs, which opens up the real and exciting possibility of autologous hepatocyte transplantation as a substitute for allogeneic whole liver transplantation, which has been an effective approach to end-stage liver disease, but one that has now been outstripped by demand. In this review, we describe the historical development, current technology and potential clinical applications of induced pluripotency, concluding with a perspective on possible future directions in this dynamic field.
The gynecologic patient; a psycho-endocrine study.
Authors: Robert N. Rutherford
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This is an extremely perceptive monograph. The Endocrine-Psychiatric Clinic, which Sturgis and his group have developed, has shown that a proper gynecologic investigative team requires the cutting gynecologist, the endocrinologist, and the psychiatrist. This monograph is divided into two parts, discussing first those gynecologic problems which cannot be extirpated with the scalpel and which are primarily psychological in nature and, second, those gynecological problems which require surgery, but which will not have a satisfactory end result unless these other talents of the modern space-age gynecologist are employed. More than 50 histories are described<i>in extenso</i>to demonstrate the complete diagnostic survey. This book is a practical working guide for those interested in providing total care for gynecologic patients of all ages. Laboratory determinations are given their due value, but are of help only when combined with the senses of the sympathetically-attuned physician. Increasing ability to diagnose completely the problems of
Causes of Death among Persons with AIDS in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: New York City
Authors: Judith E. Sackoff, David B. Hanna, Melissa R. Pfeiffer, Lucia V. Torian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Monitoring the full spectrum of causes of death among persons with AIDS is increasingly important as survival improves because of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Objective: To describe recent trends in deaths due to HIV-related and non–HIV-related causes among persons with AIDS, identify factors associated with these deaths, and identify leading causes of non–HIV-related deaths. Design: Population-based cohort analysis. Setting: New York City. Patients: All adults (age ≥13 years) living with AIDS between 1999 and 2004 who were reported to the New York City HIV/AIDS Reporting System and Vital Statistics Registry through 2004 (n = 68 669). Measurements: Underlying cause of death on the death certificate. Results: Between 1999 and 2004, the percentage of deaths due to non–HIV-related causes increased by 32.8% (from 19.8% to 26.3%; P = 0.015). The age-adjusted mortality rate decreased by 49.6 deaths per 10 000 persons with AIDS (P < 0.001) annually for HIV-related causes but only by 7.5 deaths per 10 000 persons with AIDS (P = 0.004) annually for non–HIV-related causes. Of deaths due to non–HIV-related causes, 76% could be attributed to substance abuse, cardiovascular disease, or a non–AIDS-defining type of cancer. Compared with men who have sex with men, injection drug users had a statistically significantly increased risk for death due to HIV-related causes (hazard ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.49 to 1.70]) and non–HIV-related causes (hazard ratio, 2.54 [CI, 2.24 to 2.87]). Limitations: Compared with autopsy and chart review, death certificates may lack specificity in the underlying cause of death or detailed clinical and treatment-related information. Conclusions: Non–HIV-related causes of death account for one fourth of all deaths of persons with AIDS. Cardiovascular disease, non–AIDS-defining cancer, and substance abuse account for most non–HIV-related deaths. Reducing deaths from these causes requires a shift in the health care model for persons with AIDS from a primary focus on managing HIV infection to providing care that addresses all aspects of physical and mental health.
Blood, Sweat, and Cheers
Authors: W. C. Ellerbroek
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>Reap a Destiny: Divagations of a Taoist,</h3> by Douglas Swinscow (<i>The Memoir Club</i>), 334 pp, with illus, $29, London, England,<i>British Medical Journal</i>, 1989. Both volumes are a part of an effort by the<i>British Medical Journal</i>to preserve for posterity the memoirs of famed English physicians. Sir Ian Fraser is a veteran of World War II, former president of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland and of the British Medical Association. His recollections are anecdotal, with restrained humor and much jargon from a bygone era, some of which is barely comprehensible. Current professionals may have difficulty identifying with a world in which direct transfusions were quantified for end point when the donor turned white and the recipient turned pink—but the politics of medicine will be entirely recognizable, having minimally changed. Dr Swinscow's book is more a true autobiography, showing clearly many of the tenuous threads, which, added together,
Vision screening in the under-5s.
Authors: S M Hall, A G Pugh, D M Hall
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Frailty is a clinical syndrome often present in older adults and characterized by a heightened vulnerability to stressors. The biological antecedents and etiology of frailty are unclear despite decades of research: frailty is associated with dysregulation in a wide range of physiological systems, but no specific cause has been identified. Here, we test predictions stemming from the hypothesis that there is no specific cause: that frailty is an emergent property arising from the complex systems dynamics of the broad loss of organismal homeostasis. Specifically, we use dysregulation of six physiological systems using the Mahalanobis distance approach in two cohorts of older adults to test the breadth, diffuseness, and nonlinearity of associations between frailty and system-specific dysregulation. We find clear support for the breadth of associations between frailty and physiological dysregulation: positive associations of all systems with frailty in at least some analyses. We find partial support for diffuseness: the number of systems or total amount of dysregulation is more important than the identity of the systems dysregulated, but results only partially replicate across cohorts. We find partial support for nonlinearity: trends are exponential but not always significantly so, and power is limited for groups with very high levels of dysregulation. Overall, results are consistent with – but not definitive proof of – frailty as an emergent property of complex systems dynamics. Substantial work remains to understand how frailty relates to underlying physiological dynamics across systems.
Associations Between Dietary Fiber and Inflammation, Hepatic Function, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Older Men: Potential Mechanisms for the Benefits of Fiber on Diabetes Risk
Authors: Husam Ghanim, Ajay Chaudhuri, Paresh Dandona
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

In their recent article reporting on the beneficial preventive effect of the intake of fiber on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, Wannamethee et al. (1) did not provide any mechanisms to explain this phenomenon. They also reported an association of low concentrations of C- reactive protein and interleukin-6 with high fiber consumption.

Some of our recent work provides a …
Victor Henry Warren
Authors: M. Warren
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Victor Henry Warren, who died on 20 April at 90 years old, was instrumental in the coming together of St Thomas’s and Guy’s Medical Schools to form the United Medical and Dental Schools (UMDS). This would subsequently merge with King’s College.

As secretary of St Thomas’ Medical School from 1964 to 1982 he was influential in voluntarily bringing together two of the leading medical schools in Britain at a time when consolidation was an item on the political agenda. He became secretary of the combined schools from 1982 to 1984, up to his retirement.

He was educated …
Viral Load and HIV-Associated Nephropathy
Authors: Hassane Izzedine, Marc Wirden, Vincent Launay-Vacher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

to the editor: We would like to add a historical perspective on brucellosis.B. melitensis was first isolated in 1887 by David Bruce. 1 It was the cause of Malta fever, a hitherto mysterious illness affecting a number of English soldiers serving on the Maltese islands. 2 In 1904, Bruce was instrumental in the setting up of a Mediterranean Fever Commission to investigate this disease and its mode of transmission. 3One of the team was a Maltese bacteriologist, Sir Themistocles Zammit.He worked on Maltese goats, since these were common in Malta, being bred in every village to provide the locals with a supply of fresh milk.In 1905, Zammit discovered brucella in goat blood, and Major William Horrocks, also on the Mediterranean Fever Commission, found the organism in milk. 3 This important discovery led to the total ban on consumption of goat's milk by the military.Pasteurization was introduced as a legal requirement in Malta in 1938. 4 The last documented outbreak of brucella on the island occurred in 1995.
EIGHT CASES OF SYPHILITIC STENOSIS OF THE LARYNX CAUSED BY WEB FORMATION, OPERATED BY MY METHOD OF COMBINED TUBAGE AND THE KNIFE.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: J. MOUNT BLEYER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Syphilitic stenosis of the larynx usually presents to us a pathologic narrowing of its passage, and so to a large degree acts as an interference to free respiration, and thus becomes a condition of alarming danger. Little attention was paid to the pathology of this form of stricture or stenosis, and much less special attention to its treatment in the early years of the century. Nevertheless, in 1828 we find the great Liston dilating strictures of this kind after performing preliminary tracheotomy, through the tracheal opening, and about that time, too, Bouchut and Horace Green began to operate in a similar way, believing that all forms of stenosis were amenable to treatment by dilatation by means of tubes passed through and held between the stenosed parts. Their theories and practices met with much support by the surgeons of that day. Even Trousseau once thought of practicing it, but somehow it
Changing pattern of gastric cancer in Oxfordshire.
Authors: E Rios-Castellanos, F Sitas, N A Shepherd, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1992)

This study compares the incidence rates of histologically confirmed gastric carcinoma in Oxfordshire in two five year periods (1960-64, 1984-88). Data were available for 215 patients in the first period, and 200 in the second. The overall incidence fell from 18/100,000 to 15/100,000 but when analysed for site, the incidence of antral tumours fell from 10 to 4.5/100,000. In contrast, there was an increase from 2.8 to 5.2/100,000 of tumours of the cardia. These changes were more pronounced in men. There was a marked association between smoking and tumours of the cardia (relative risk 4.5). Helicobacter pylori was associated with 37.5% of tumours in the 1960s series compared with 25% in the later series. The changing patterns of incidence of gastric carcinoma may, in part, be related to changes in smoking habits and perhaps a change in incidence of H pylori infection.
Computer Aided Data Processing for Digestive Endoscopy with the Help of a Code-System
Authors: Z. Döbrönte, J. Náfrádi, V. Varró, Sz. Benedek
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

The authors have elaborated the first computerized description of endoscopic findings, in the framework of a gastroenterological patient data-documentation system now under development. A code symbol system and a computer programme have been devised for the uniform documentation and computer processing of oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopic, laparoscopic and rectoscopic findings. The increased objectiveness of the examination findings raises their diagnostic potential, and with the computerized reporting of the findings a possibility arises for the computerized scientific processing of the information content stored in the endoscopic findings. A brief account is given of the advantages of the general use of a uniform nomenclature for the findings.
Bile leak from the duct of Luschka treated with double-balloon enteroscopy ERCP in a patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Juan Gutierrez, Ioana Smith, C. Wilcox, Klaus Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy are usually treated using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The presence of complex, surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the endoscopic treatment of these lesions. Herein, we present a patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who developed a bile leak after cholecystectomy and underwent endoscopic therapy using double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) ERCP.
Abstract 125: A novel OSM inhibition of cancer metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma through STAT1-mediated suppression of Slug
Authors: Chih-Ming Pan, Mong-Lien Wang, Cheng-Wen Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We previously reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete a multifunctional cytokine - Oncostatin M (OSM) which effectively inhibited the metastasis and growth of LAC cells, and induced the mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) pathway, as evidenced by the reduction of several epithelial-mesenchymal transition related markers, including SLUG. However, the underlying mechanism of how OSM mediates the suppression of SLUG is still unknown. To dissect the downstream effectors of OSM-dependent suppression of SLUG, we individually knocked down STAT1 (STAT1-KD) and STAT3 (STAT3-KD), the two well-known downstream transcription factors activated by OSM, in A549 and CL1-5 cells using lentiviral expressed short hairpin RNAs (shRNA). We demonstrated that knockdown of STAT1, but not STAT3, reversed the OSM suppressed SLUG level and resulted in a higher SLUG mRNA and protein in comparison to scrambled shRNA control. Consistently, knockdown of STAT1 in LAC cells rescued the OSM-mediated inhibition of cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, indicating that STAT1 is the effector of OSM-dependent induction of MET and suppression of cell motility. Moreover, we constructed SLUG promoter-driven luciferase expression reporters and test the effect of OSM and STAT1 on SLUG promoter activity. We observed that STAT1-KD cells had increased SLUG promoter activity than control cells, while OSM treatment augments this difference. A mutation in the putative STAT1 binding sequence (gamma activated sequence) mapped at -599 bp upstream of STAT1 transcriptional start site diminished the SLUG promoter activity in STAT1-KD cells. We also showed STAT1 binding to SLUG promoter region after OSM treatment by using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These data indicated that the OSM-dependent inhibition of SLUG and elevation of MET signaling is mediated, at least in part, by a STAT1-dependent pathway through a transcriptional control. Our findings revealed a novel paracrine effect of OSM and the underlying mechanism on cancer metastasis and MET in LAC. Citation Format: Chih-Ming Pan, Mong-Lien Wang, Cheng-Wen Wu. A novel OSM inhibition of cancer metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma through STAT1-mediated suppression of Slug. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 125. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-125
Effects of dimethyl propranolol (UM-272; SC-27761) on myocardial ischemic injury in the canine heart after temporary coronary artery occlusion.
Authors: D D KU, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Myocardial ischemic injury after temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 90 min followed by reperfusion was estimated from the epicardial ST-segment elevation 15 min after occlusion (ST15m), changes in QRS complex, myocardial creatine kinase (CPK) activity and nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT) staining at 24 hours. At all sites exhibiting ST15m greater than 2 mV, there was a small development of epicardial Q waves after 90 min of occlusion (sigma deltaQ = 6.94 +/- 0.52 mV) and was maintained for 24 hours. Good correlations were obtained between CPK activity at 24 hours and the development of Q waves at 24 hours as well as at 60 min after reperfusion (r = 0.49; N = 56). Pretreatment with UM-272 significantly reduced the development of Q-waves (sigma deltaQ1hr = 2.23 +/- 0.75 mV) which was correlated with less CPK depletion and smaller infarct size as determined on the bais of NBT staining for myocardial tissue dehydrogenases at 24 hours. It appears, therefore, that the assessment of pathoologic Q wave development provides an accurate and early estimate of the extent of the ultimate cardiac damage due to ischemia and that pretreatment with UM-272 exerts a protective effect on the ischemic myocardium.
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Improves Gas Exchange and Pulmonary Mechanics during Partial Liquid Ventilation
Authors: MAX KIRMSE, YUJI FUJINO, DEAN HESS, ROBERT M. KACMAREK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perflubron (PFB) has been proposed as an adjunct to the current therapies for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Because PFB has been also referred to as "liquid PEEP," distributing to the most gravity-dependent regions of the lung, less attention has been paid to the amount of applied positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). We hypothesized that higher PEEP levels than currently applied are needed to optimize gas exchange, and that the lower inflection point (LIP) of the pressure-volume curve could be used to estimate the amount of PEEP needed when the lung is filled with PFB. Lung injury was induced in 23 sheep by repeated lung lavage with warmed saline until the PaO2/FIO2 ratio fell below 150. Five sheep were used to investigate the change of the LIP when the lung was filled with PFB in increments of 5 ml/kg/body weight to a total of 30 ml/kg/body weight. To evaluate the impact of PEEP set at LIP +1 cm H2O we randomized an additional 15 sheep to three groups with different doses (7.5 ml, 15 ml, 30 ml/kg/body weight) of PFB. In random order a PEEP of 5 cm H2O or PEEP at LIP +1 cm H2O was applied. The LIP decreased with incremental filling of PFB to a minimum at 10 ml (p < 0.05). Increasing PEEP from below LIP to LIP +1 cm H2O at 15 and 30 ml/kg resulted in an improvement in PaO2 from 152 +/- 36 to 203 +/- 68 (NS) and 193 +/- 57 to 298 +/- 80 (p < 0.05), respectively. Pulmonary shunt, and ratio of dead space volume to tidal volume (VD/VT) decreased, and static lung compliance increased with PEEP at LIP +1 cm H2O (p < 0.05). No changes were observed in hemodynamics. We conclude that increasing the dose of PFB shifts the LIP to the left, and that setting PEEP at LIP +1 cm H2O improves gas exchange at moderate to high doses of PFB.