tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reporting Standards and the Transparency of Trials
Authors: Aaron Levin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Current Clinical Issues16 January 2001Reporting Standards and the Transparency of TrialsAaron LevinAaron LevinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “Nobody sets out to write a bad paper,” said Curtis L. Meinert, PhD, professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health in Baltimore. Yet far too many reports of clinical trials have lacked so much vital information that they are virtually unusable as guides for treating patients or planning policy. “There is a lack of detail in published reports that is due partly to authors and partly to editors,” said Meinert.To bridge the gap between what a trial should report and what is actually published, a small group of researchers, epidemiologists, statisticians ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGetting StartedRating Methodological Quality: Toward Improved Assessment and Investigation 16 January 2001Volume 134, Issue 2Page: 169-172KeywordsClinical trial reportingClinical trialsComputersDatabasesEpidemiologyLibrariesObservational studiesResearch and reporting methodsResearch reporting guidelines ePublished: 16 January 2001 Issue Published: 16 January 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Sluggish Gallbladder of Pregnancy
Authors: Sidney Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

In recent years, studies of gallbladder disease have focused on the lipid composition of bile.1 The actual function of the gallbladder in terms of contractility, residual volume, and rate of emptying has been difficult to study because of the repeated x-ray exposure that would be required. In this issue of the Journal, Braverman and his co-workers describe the changes found on ultrasonography in gallbladder function in pregnancy.The study of gallbladder function in pregnancy is important because of the well-documented increased prevalence of gallstones in women, especially in association with pregnancy. This increased prevalence begins at pubescence and diminishes . . .
Schizophrenia: Science and Practice
Authors: Nancy C. Andreasen
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Psychiatry is the only medical speciality to take seriously the philosophical controversy between the rationalists and the empiricists. For the past two centuries, medicine generally has accepted the empirical point of view: that its appropriate province is the study of the observable and measurable. On the other hand, since the time of Freud, psychiatry (especially in America) has stressed the importance of abstract psychological constructs, such as the role of the unconscious and interpersonal dynamics. During the past ten years a Neo-Kraepelinian revival (or revolt), originating in the Midwest, has urged that psychiatry return to the medical mainstream by adopting the empirical point of view. This book, focusing on schizophrenia, documents the civil warfare (civilly conducted) that has been occurring in American psychiatry and provides interesting reading on schizophrenia and the broader philosophical controversies. The book begins with an intelligent historical introduction written by Irwin Savodnik, who clearly outlines the
Inhibition of C5a-induced inflammation with preserved C5b-9-mediated bactericidal activity in a human whole blood model of meningococcal sepsis
Authors: Tom Sprong, Petter Brandtzaeg, Michael Fung, Anne M. Pharo, E. Arne Høiby, Terje E. Michaelsen, Audun Aase, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Marcel van Deuren, Tom E. Mollnes
Journal: Blood (2003)
Genomics and the Transformation of Neurology
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The recent publication of the sequence of the human genome will accelerate the discovery of new genetic susceptibility factors for human disease, leading to the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. The exhaustive analysis of the human genome sequence will be the focus of the biomedical research community for many years to come. In particular, comparative analysis of the available eukaryotic genome sequences is an important approach to further our understanding of gene structure, function, and evolution. Our initial analysis of the human genome sequence has revealed many interesting features that are relevant to nervous system function, evolution, and disease. We analyzed the prominent features of predicted human proteins involved in neuronal function and prepared a comparative analysis of 146 human genes that have alleles (or mutations) conferring susceptibility for 168 neurologic diseases.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Inhaled Iloprost Therapy in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: D. Dunbar Ivy, Aimee K. Doran, Kelly J. Smith, George B. Mallory, Maurice Beghetti, Robyn J. Barst, Daniela Brady, Yuk Law, Donna Parker, Lori Claussen, Steven H. Abman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Subcellular localisation of vitamin B12 during absorption in the guinea-pig ileum.
Authors: W J Jenkins, R Empson, D P Jewell, K B Taylor
Journal: Gut (1981)

The subcellular distribution of vitamin B12 was studied during its absorption in the guinea-pig ileum. Animals were fed either (57Co) or (58Co) cyanocobalamin and killed two or four hours later. At two hours labelled cyanocobalamin was concentrated in brush border and lysosomal fractions of ileal homogenates, with some remaining in the sample layer. In contrast, at four hours labelled cyanocobalamin was concentrated predominantly in the cytosol with much smaller peaks in the brush border and lysosomal fractions. These findings are consistent with vitamin B12 absorption by receptor-mediated endocytosis. It is suggested that, after binding at the brush border, vitamin B12 is first sequestrated within lysosomes, and then released into the cytosol, from where it leaves the cell to enter the portal blood.
<i>ITPA</i>genotype protects against anemia during peginterferon and ribavirin therapy but does not influence virological response
Authors: Jacinta A. Holmes, Stuart K. Roberts, Rachel J. Ali, Gregory J. Dore, William Sievert, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Darrell H. Crawford, Wendy S. Cheng, Martin D. Weltman, Sara Bonanzinga, Kumar Visvanathan, Vijaya Sundararajan, Paul V. Desmond, Scott D. Bowden, Gail V. Matthews, Alexander J. Thompson
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

On-treatment anemia is associated with higher sustained virological response (SVR) rates during peginterferon plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy. Inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) variants causing ITPase deficiency have been shown to protect against RBV-induced anemia. However, ITPase activity has not been associated with SVR. To study this discrepancy, we examined the relationships between ITPase activity, on-treatment anemia, SVR, and RBV levels in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) patients from the CHARIOT study. ITPA genotype (rs7270101, rs1127354) was used to define ITPase activity in 546 patients. Plasma RBV levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Relationships between ITPase activity, on-treatment hemoglobin (Hb) levels, RBV levels, and SVR were tested using regression modeling, survival analysis, and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) plot analysis. Hb decline was independently associated with SVR ( P &lt; 0.0001). ITPase deficiency was present in 35%. ITPase deficiency strongly protected against Hb decline ( P &lt; 0.0001), but was not associated with SVR ( P = 0.28). The probability of SVR increased with lower nadir Hb for both wild-type and deficient ITPase activity, but the association curve shifted to describe a parallel relationship at higher Hb levels in patients with ITPase deficiency. In a subset (n = 203), we tested the hypothesis that the association between Hb decline and SVR reflected RBV levels rather than actual Hb level. RBV levels were associated with on-treatment Hb decline and SVR, but not ITPase activity. In regression models, adjustment for RBV levels attenuated the association between Hb decline and SVR. Conclusion : ITPase deficiency protects against RBV-induced anemia, but is not associated with SVR. Our data suggest that the relationship between Hb decline and SVR is not mechanistic, but is linked to RBV levels. (Hepatology 2014;59:2152–2160)
EXTRACORPOREAL CRP-APHERESIS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DECREASES INFARCTION SIZE AND PRESERVES LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION IN PIGS
Authors: Timo Jerichow, Birgit Vogt, Dö;rte Mans, Frank Gebauer, Hassan Abdel-Aty, Anna Christine Slagman, Malte Schrö;der, Christopher Bock, Gunnar Janelt, Sascha Ott, Franziska Wohlgemuth, Gülcan Yapici, Astrid Puppe, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Diethelm Modersohn, Ralf Schindler, Ahmed Sheriff, Martin Mö;ckel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
TRAUMATISM OF THE RIGHT KIDNEY.
Authors: CHARLES B. DYDE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>History.</h3> —G. C. F. came under my care April 28, 1905. Ten days previously he had been kicked by a horse, in the right lumbar region, while at work in a livery barn. During these ten days he had been cared for at Kersey, Colo., where the accident occurred. He was prostrated by the force and shock of the injury and for some days suffered intensely. Six or seven days later, as he was feeling much better, he dressed and walked for a few minutes. This was followed by considerable hemorrhage from the bladder, a slight trace of which was observed the day after the injury. As this complication continued, he was removed to Weld County Hospital, where I first saw him. His previous history presented some interesting and noteworthy points. Three years earlier, while in the United States Navy at Norfolk, Va., he had been operated on for appendicitis.
50 ACTIVITY OF TELAPREVIR ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE GENOTYPE 2 AND 3 HEPATITIS-C PATIENTS: INTERIM RESULTS OF STUDY C209
Authors: G.R. Foster, C. Hezode, J.-P. Bronowicki, G. Carosi, O. Weiland, L. Verlinden, R. van Heeswijk, T. Vangeneugden, G. Picchio, M. Beumont-Mauviel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Genetic variation in TNFA predicts protection from severe bacterial infections in patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplantation
Authors: Renata Senkerikova, Emmeloes de Mare-Bredemeijer, Sona Frankova, Dave Roelen, Thijmen Visseren, Pavel Trunecka, Julius Spicak, Herold Metselaar, Milan Jirsa, Jaap Kwekkeboom, Jan Sperl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Inherited thrombotic disorders: An update
Authors: Scott R. Florell, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Significant advances in identification of etiologies of inherited thrombosis have been recently reported. A point mutation in coagulation factor V (factor V Leiden) results in resistance to activated protein C and probably represents the most common genetic risk factor for venous thrombosis. A metabolic disorder, homocysteinemia, is now known to be an important risk factor for both arterial and venous thrombosis. Many patients with recurrent thrombosis will have more than one genetic risk factor identified. Recognition of these new disorders should permit a diagnosis to be achieved in at least half of patients evaluated for inherited thrombosis. Am. J. Hematol. 54:53–60, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ANATOMIC VARIATIONS OF THE NASAL CHAMBER AND ASSOCIATED PARTS.
Authors: M. H. CRYER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

No man who spends any considerable portion of his time in the study of practical anatomy, i. e., actual dissections, can fail to note how great is the number of anatomic variations he meets. So common are these variations that it can not be exactly said which is typical normal anatomy, and which are the anatomic variations. In plain words, anatomy is not a study to be classed among exact sciences. I do not mean by this that there is not such a regular basis of anatomic science that safe anatomic rules can not be made, but the more closely we study the subject the more variations as to details we are compelled to record. To be sure, given the mandible of an animal, a femur, or even a tarsal bone, the nature of associated bones, their size, positions and forms can be deduced, and by further study even an
Bcl-B Expression in Human Epithelial and Nonepithelial Malignancies
Authors: Maryla Krajewska, Shinichi Kitada, Jane N. Winter, Daina Variakojis, Alan Lichtenstein, Dayong Zhai, Michael Cuddy, Xianshu Huang, Frederic Luciano, Cheryl H. Baker, Hoguen Kim, Eunah Shin, Susan Kennedy, Allen H. Olson, Andrzej Badzio, Jacek Jassem, Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein, Michael J. Duffy, Aaron D. Schimmer, Ming Tsao, Ewan Brown, Anne Sawyers, Michael Andreeff, Dan Mercola, Stan Krajewski, John C. Reed
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Apoptosis plays an important role in neoplastic processes. Bcl-B is an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, which is known to change its phenotype upon binding to Nur77/TR3. The expression pattern of this protein in human malignancies has not been reported. Experimental Design: We investigated Bcl-B expression in normal human tissues and several types of human epithelial and nonepithelial malignancy by immunohistochemistry, correlating results with tumor stage, histologic grade, and patient survival. Results: Bcl-B protein was strongly expressed in all normal plasma cells but found in only 18% of multiple myelomas (n = 133). Bcl-B immunostaining was also present in normal germinal center centroblasts and centrocytes and in approximately half of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 48) specimens, whereas follicular lymphomas (n = 57) did not contain Bcl-B. In breast (n = 119), prostate (n = 66), gastric (n = 180), and colorectal (n = 106) adenocarcinomas, as well as in non–small cell lung cancers (n = 82), tumor-specific overexpression of Bcl-B was observed. Bcl-B expression was associated with variables of poor prognosis, such as high tumor grade in breast cancer (P = 0.009), microsatellite stability (P = 0.0002), and left-sided anatomic location (P = 0.02) of colorectal cancers, as well as with greater incidence of death from prostate cancer (P = 0.005) and shorter survival of patients with small cell lung cancer (P = 0.009). Conversely, although overexpressed in many gastric cancers, Bcl-B tended to correlate with better outcome (P = 0.01) and more differentiated tumor histology (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Tumor-specific alterations in Bcl-B expression may define subsets of nonepithelial and epithelial neoplasms with distinct clinical behaviors.
MEDICAL IDENTIFICATION IN THE "NORONIC" DISASTER
Authors: T. C. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The identification of large numbers of mutilated bodies may be among the many difficult problems to be faced in major disasters resulting from fire or explosion. Such was certainly the case when the steamship "Noronic" was gutted, while tied up at the pier in Toronto, Canada, on Sept. 17, 1949. The deaths of 119 persons were directly attributable to the disaster, and the bodies of 107 were burned beyond possible recognition. The task was undertaken by a Medical Identification Committee, composed of pathologists, radiologists, and dentists.<sup>1</sup>This group succeeded in identifying 116 of the 119, and the results have never been equalled. In these uneasy times, when extensive preparations against disaster are being made, the experiences and achievements of such a medical study deserve a place in the records. The identification of burned bodies is not a new problem, and it has been met on a large scale in
Early resolution of systemic inflammation mirrors improvement in meld score and predicts survival after first presentation of alcoholic liver disease
Authors: R. Parker
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) is a spectrum of disease, from steatosis to cirrhosis. Despite years of research it is still unclear why some patients will not progress while others develop cirrhosis and associated morbidity and mortality. The authors investigated markers of inflammation (C reactive protein, CRP) and survival after first presentation of ALD. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients presenting with ALD between 1999 and 2002 were identified retrospectively from clinical coding. Records were reviewed to exclude patients with prior episodes of ALD and viral, autoimmune, or metabolic liver disease. CRP was noted as a measure of systemic inflammation at presentation, 6 months and yearly intervals to 5 years. Cause of death after presentation was recorded and categorised as liver-related or non-liver related. <h3>Results</h3> 95 patients were included; 60 survived or died (6) of non-liver related causes, 35 died of liver disease. Groups did not differ at baseline significantly with respect to median age (48 vs 50), discriminant function (20 vs 24) or MELD score (10.7 vs 13.7) in survivors (S) and non-survivors (NS) respectively. Changes in CRP over time are shown in table 1. At 12 months there was a significant difference between groups, mirrored in the MELD score at 12 months. Beyond 12 months there was no significant difference in CRP or MELD score. Fall in CRP (defined as greater than 50%) had sensitivity of 100% and 80% at 6 and 12 months respectively in predicting survival, although this was only possible in small numbers of patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This retrospective data set has limitations but confirms that persistent inflammation in ALD relates to mortality. Medical treatment of ALD has not progressed in over 25 years despite multiple trials of novel anti-inflammatory agents. Further research is needed to define and modify the inflammatory process in ALD.
Current Issues in Cardiology: Management Strategies
Authors: R. J G Peters
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ed Jean R McEwan BMJ Publishing Group, £30, pp 245 ISBN

In this age of overwhelming medical information, it is more than welcome when knowledgeable people summarise and interpret the literature for us, even if the conclusions are personal and might have been slightly different. This book is a good example of how complex data can be synthesised to understandable formats for average users of the information, provided the authors know their business. These 15 authors, all British and 12 from London, have succeeded in …
Neighborhood Clinics for More Effective Outpatient Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Francis J. Curry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE outpatient clinic is becoming increasingly important in the effective treatment and control of tuberculosis, because currently 80 per cent or more of the medical care for the tuberculous patient is given out of the hospital. Furthermore, it is possible with modern chemotherapy to treat successfully 96 per cent or more of the newly diagnosed cases. If this is true, why are there so many reactivations, relapses and treatment failures? There is no single cause — and there is no single, all-inclusive answer. However, among the more important causes are the failure of patients to take medication and to attend . . .
Asthma Diagnosed after 11 September 2001 among Rescue and Recovery Workers: Findings from the World Trade Center Health Registry
Authors: Katherine Wheeler, Wendy McKelvey, Lorna Thorpe, Megan Perrin, James Cone, Daniel Kass, Mark Farfel, Pauline Thomas, Robert Brackbill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundStudies have consistently documented declines in respiratory health after 11 September 2001 (9/11) among surviving first responders and other World Trade Center (WTC) rescue, recovery, and clean-up workers.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to describe the risk of newly diagnosed asthma among WTC site workers and volunteers and to characterize its association with WTC site exposures.MethodsWe analyzed 2003–2004 interview data from the World Trade Center Health Registry for workers who did not have asthma before 9/11 (n = 25,748), estimating the risk of newly diagnosed asthma and its associations with WTC work history, including mask or respirator use.ResultsNewly diagnosed asthma was reported by 926 workers (3.6%). Earlier arrival and longer duration of work were significant risk factors, with independent dose responses (p < 0.001), as were exposure to the dust cloud and pile work. Among workers who arrived on 11 September, longer delays in the initial use of masks or respirators were associated with increased risk of asthma; adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–2.56) for 1 day of delay to 3.44 (95% CI, 1.43–8.25) for 16–40 weeks delay.ConclusionsThe rate of self-reported newly diagnosed asthma was high in the study population and significantly associated with increased exposure to the WTC disaster site. Although we could not distinguish appropriate respiratory protection from inappropriate, we observed a moderate protective effect of mask or respirator use. The findings underscore the need for adequate and timely distribution of appropriate protective equipment and the enforcement of its use when other methods of controlling respiratory exposures are not feasible.
Influence of Indigestible Fibers on Glucose Tolerance
Authors: L Monnier, T C Pham, L Aguirre, A Orsetti, J Mirouze
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

In eight patients exhibiting chemical diabetes mellitus with a poststimulative hypoglycemia, we observed that the pattern of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was improved when indigestible fiber was added to the oral glucose load. As compared with a standard OGTT, the peak blood glucose, expressed as per cent change from baseline, was particularly blunted by pectin or by cellulose phosphate but remained unchanged with cellulose supplementation. The time interval required to reach the blood glucose peak was significantly prolonged with pectin. The rate of blood glucose rise was reduced to a greater extent by pectin than by cellulose phosphate, which in turn was more efficient than cellulose. The blood glucose nadir expressed as per cent change from baseline was blunted by pectin, while the results were not significantly different after addition of either cellulose phosphate or cellulose. On the other hand, the plasma immunoreactive insulin did not show any significant change whether the glucose was given with or without one of the aforementioned types of fiber. From these results, it is concluded that an additional fiber intake may be of interest in the management of chemical diabetes. The use of pectin may diminish the poststimulative hypoglycemia.
TETANUS ANTITOXIN—REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: J. W. COKENOWER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

One by one the diseases which have hitherto defied the skill of physicians are yielding to the persistent attack of modern science. Since the successful treatment of diphtheria by subcutaneous injections of antitoxin serum was demonstrated, it has been confidently predicted that sooner or later all diseases resulting from the action of a poison secreted in the blood by a special and characteristic bacillus would be conquered by similar means. Tetanus has its characteristic microbe, which has been recognized, isolated, described and reproduced by artificial culture. The distinguishing symptom of tetanus is a persistent spasmodic spasm of the voluntary muscles aggravated by light, noise, or other disturbing influences to which the patient may be subjected. These spasms may affect any muscular portion of the body, but when, as is often the case, the maxillary muscles are principally involved, the result of the malady is usually known as "lockjaw." I was