tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Lynn D. Condreay, Bernard Willems, Gilles Pomier-Layrargues, Daphna Fenyves, Marc Bilodeau, Raymond Leduc, Kevork Peltekian, Florence Wong, Mariana Margulies, Jenny E. Heathcote
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The prognosis of decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B is poor, and the benefits of treatment with interferon are outweighed by serious side effects and by the risk of fatal exacerbation of disease activity. Lamivudine rapidly reduces hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA in serum to undetectable levels. We have treated 35 patients with chronic hepatitis B and decompensated cirrhosis with lamivudine 100 mg or 150 mg orally once daily. Pretreatment, all were positive for HBV-DNA in serum. Ten had Child-Pugh class B and 25 had Child-Pugh class C liver disease. Seven patients underwent liver transplantation within 6 months of treatment initiation, 5 patients died within 6 months, and 23 patients were treated for at least 6 months (mean = 19 months). In a majority of these 23 cases, there was a slow but marked improvement in liver function, which was most apparent after 9 months of treatment, with a decrease in serum bilirubin from 67 +/- 13 to 30 +/- 4 micromol/L (P <.05, baseline vs. 9 months), an increase in serum albumin from 27 +/- 1 to 34 +/- 1g/L (P <.05), and a decrease in Child-Pugh score from 10.3 +/- 0.4 to 7.5 +/- 0.5 (P <.05). Three patients developed resistance to lamivudine because of a mutation in the YMDD motif, but liver function did not deteriorate. We conclude that inhibition of viral replication with lamivudine results in a significant improvement of liver function in patients with decompensated HBV cirrhosis, but the long-term benefits remain uncertain.
Death after inserting Hickman line was probably avoidable
Authors: S J Nixon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The death of a 15 year old girl in 1998 due to a complication of inserting a Hickman line, and the ensuing court case in December last year, highlight the considerable morbidity and occasional mortality associated with central venous access. In one year alone the Scottish audit of surgical mortality identified four deaths directly attributable to insertion of a venous line. A greater number of patients have …
Reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: B. Qumseya, C. Wolfsen, H. Wolfsen
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2011 took place in Chicago, Illinois, USA (7 – 10 May), and featured several important presentations devoted to the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of Barrett’s esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This review focuses on presentations from the plenary sessions, as well as on multicenter studies, meta-analyses, and new concepts presented at the meeting.
CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM
Authors: ELLIS FISCHEL
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In a survey of thirty-six cases of carcinoma of the rectum which have entered the surgical service of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital since 1914, and eight cases observed in private work, I have been impressed with two points which appear to be significant. The first is that the earliest most frequent symptoms—bleeding and diarrhea—are not regarded by either patient or physician as indicative of the possibly serious nature of the disease. The second point is that carcinoma of the rectum frequently remains localized to the rectum and contiguous tissues for an unexpectedly long period of time. Of the forty-four patients, twenty-three were men, and twenty-one, women. By decades, six occurred under 40 years of age; six between 40 and 49; twenty between 50 and 59; eight—all men—between 60 and 69, and four over 70. The youngest patient was a man, aged 27; the oldest, a woman, aged
Alkylpurine–DNA–N-glycosylase confers resistance to temozolomide in xenograft models of glioblastoma multiforme and is associated with poor survival in patients
Authors: Sameer Agnihotri, Aaron S. Gajadhar, Christian Ternamian, Thierry Gorlia, Kristin L. Diefes, Paul S. Mischel, Joanna Kelly, Gail McGown, Mary Thorncroft, Brett L. Carlson, Jann N. Sarkaria, Geoffrey P. Margison, Kenneth Aldape, Cynthia Hawkins, Monika Hegi, Abhijit Guha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal of all gliomas. The current standard of care includes surgery followed by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy with the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repairs the most cytotoxic of lesions generated by TMZ, O6-methylguanine. Methylation of the MGMT promoter in GBM correlates with increased therapeutic sensitivity to alkylating agent therapy. However, several aspects of TMZ sensitivity are not explained by MGMT promoter methylation. Here, we investigated our hypothesis that the base excision repair enzyme alkylpurine–DNA–N-glycosylase (APNG), which repairs the cytotoxic lesions N3-methyladenine and N7-methylguanine, may contribute to TMZ resistance. Silencing of APNG in established and primary TMZ-resistant GBM cell lines endogenously expressing MGMT and APNG attenuated repair of TMZ-induced DNA damage and enhanced apoptosis. Reintroducing expression of APNG in TMZ-sensitive GBM lines conferred resistance to TMZ in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition, resistance was enhanced with coexpression of MGMT. Evaluation of APNG protein levels in several clinical datasets demonstrated that in patients, high nuclear APNG expression correlated with poorer overall survival compared with patients lacking APNG expression. Loss of APNG expression in a subset of patients was also associated with increased APNG promoter methylation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that APNG contributes to TMZ resistance in GBM and may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Calcification in the Supraspinatus Tendon Detected on Bone Scan
Authors: JAMES D. SLAVIN, GARY M. LEVINE, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 54-year-old woman with left shoulder pain had bone scan evidence of intense focal uptake in the area of the humeral head. This corresponded to a region of calcification that moved with abduction of the humerus and was related to a site in the supraspinatus muscle tendon.
Novel mutations in the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter gene in patients with Gitelman syndrome with predominant localization to the C-terminal domain
Authors: Henny H. Lemmink, Nine V.A.M. Knoers, Lothar Károlyi, Henk van Dijk, Patrick Niaudet, Corinne Antignac, Lisa M. Guay-Woodford, Paul R. Goodyer, Jean-Claude Carel, Ad Hermes, Hansjörg W. Seyberth, Leo A.H. Monnens, Lambert P.W.J. van den Heuvel
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Arterial baroreflex sensitivity, plasma catecholamines, and pressor responsiveness in essential hypertension.
Authors: D S Goldstein
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Arterial baroreflex sensitivity, plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), and pressor and depressor responses were assessed in 25 patients with essential hypertension and 29 normotensive control subjects. Sensitivity of the cardiac limb of the baroreflex was determined by blood pressure and interbeat interval responses associated with the Valsalva maneuver, externally applied neck suction and pressure, and injection of phenylephrine and nitroglycerin. By all these techniques, patients with essential hypertension had significantly decreased baroreflex sensitivity, even after adjustment for age mismatching between the hypertensive and normotensive groups. Hypertensive patients also had significantly higher mean levels of plasma NE and E in both brachial arterial and antecubital venous blood (246 vs 154 pg/ml arterial NE, 286 vs 184 pg/ml venous NE, 99 vs 55 pg/ml arterial E, and 65 vs 35 pg/ml venous E) and significantly larger pressor responses to injected phenylephrine (30.9 mm Hg/100 micrograms vs 16.7 mm Hg/100 micrograms). When baroreflex-cardiac sensitivity values measured by the various techniques were averaged, there was a significant inverse relationship between sensitivity and venous NE and between sensitivity and pressor responsiveness. The results indicate that decreased baroreflex-cardiac sensitivity, increased sympathetic outflow, and pressor hyperresponsiveness tend to occur together in some patients with essential hypertension. Decreased arterial distensibility and altered central neural integration can account for these findings.
Less Is More and More Is Less in Health Care Proposals Offered in '92 Campaign
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE TWO Presidential candidates' health care proposals are painted, in broad brush, as less vs more. Less is promised by an administration that just instituted the most massive medical pricing system in US history, that is accused of micromanaging medicine through a maze of Medicare rules, and that now wants new controls at the National Institutes of Health aimed at steering researchers toward economically advantageous projects. More is the message from a governor who promises to limit overall health care spending, cut off tax deductions for health insurance that goes beyond the basics, and make small businesses buy insurance that some say they cannot afford. Meanwhile, his state's health department is being sued by his state's medical society, miffed that Medicaid payments were cut in Arkansas without the conscientious consultation with physician leaders that the governor had stressed when seeking a health care provider tax. Many voters of all persuasions
Pentagon-Funded Research Takes Aim at Agents of Biological Warfare
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

LAST spring, mail-room workers at the Washington, DC, headquarters of the B'nai B'rith Jewish service organization discovered a leaking package. The contents: a broken petri dish, its label indicating that it harbored deadly anthrax bacteria. In the wake of this discovery, more than 100 employees were quarantined in their offices for about 9 hours. Several city blocks were sealed off, while authorities and emergency personnel evaluated the situation. Some workers exposed to the unknown agent underwent an emergency decontamination process that involved stripping to their underwear in public to be sprayed with a bleach-and-water solution. Some hours later, however, tests revealed that the incident was a hoax: The petri dish contained only common bacteria that posed no threat. But the affair and other recent events have underscored a growing sense of vulnerability to attacks by terrorists or rogue nations wielding biological weapons rather than bombs. <h3>An Increasing Threat</h3> After the
Hyperosmotic priming of Arabidopsis seedlings establishes a long-term somatic memory accompanied by specific changes of the epigenome
Authors: Emanuela Sani, Pawel Herzyk, Giorgio Perrella, Vincent Colot, Anna Amtmann
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Abstract Background In arid and semi-arid environments, drought and soil salinity usually occur at the beginning and end of a plant's life cycle, offering a natural opportunity for the priming of young plants to enhance stress tolerance in mature plants. Chromatin marks, such as histone modifications, provide a potential molecular mechanism for priming plants to environmental stresses, but whether transient exposure of seedlings to hyperosmotic stress leads to chromatin changes that are maintained throughout vegetative growth remains unclear. Results We have established an effective protocol for hyperosmotic priming in the model plant Arabidopsis, which includes a transient mild salt treatment of seedlings followed by an extensive period of growth in control conditions. Primed plants are identical to non-primed plants in growth and development, yet they display reduced salt uptake and enhanced drought tolerance after a second stress exposure. ChIP-seq analysis of four histone modifications revealed that the priming treatment altered the epigenomic landscape; the changes were small but they were specific for the treated tissue, varied in number and direction depending on the modification, and preferentially targeted transcription factors. Notably, priming leads to shortening and fractionation of H3K27me3 islands. This effect fades over time, but is still apparent after a ten day growth period in control conditions. Several genes with priming-induced differences in H3K27me3 showed altered transcriptional responsiveness to the second stress treatment. Conclusion Experience of transient hyperosmotic stress by young plants is stored in a long-term somatic memory comprising differences of chromatin status, transcriptional responsiveness and whole plant physiology.
Self help groups for patients with chronic skin diseases
Authors: R.A. LOGAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Self help groups for patients with chronic skin diseases Get access R.A. LOGAN R.A. LOGAN St. Johns Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, 5 Lisle Street, London WC2H 7BJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 4, 1 April 1988, Pages 505–508, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02459.x Published: 01 April 1988
Movement of Strontium in the Human Body
Authors: T. E. F. Carr, G. E. Harrison, J. F. Loutit, A. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MYOCARDIAL SARCOLDOSISM degrees of heart-block, and in two cases, our own and that of Stephen (1954), dyspnoea was associated with chest pain so as strongly to mimic myocardial infarction.On clinical examination cardiac enlargement and some degree of congestive failure were often found.Five patients (25%), including our own, had persistent hypo- tension throughout their illness.Almost three-quarters of this group developed arrhythmias at some stage, and 19 of the 20 were classed as electrocardiographically abnormal.A wide range of E.C.G. abnormalities was reported, but no single abnorrmality can be said to be diagnostic.There was a wide variation in the degree of cardiac infiltration necessary to cause death.In every case, however, the heart was involved as part of a disseminated process, though in two cases granulomata were discovered in only two other sites in the body.The caw reported in this paper is almost unique in that, while the myocardirum was so extensively involved, almost no evidence of the presence of the disea-se was forthcoming from a histological examination of the remaining organs.Summary A case is reported of fatal myocardial sarcoidosis and the literature is briefly reviewed.About one-third of cases of this condition are seen in congestive heart failure, and occasionally the presentation resembles myocardial infarction.Three-quarters of the patients die suddenly-about one-fifth without premonitory symptoms-and at necropy disseminated sarcoidosis is commoniv found.In the case reported here the disease was virtually confined to the myocardium and media- stinal lymph-nodes.It is a pleasure to record our thanks to C. L. Blenkinsop, Esq., H.M. Coroner for the Borough of Rotherham, for permission to pllhtish this case; to Dr. R. S
The Serum Treatment of Tuberculosis.
Authors: F. E. Waxham
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Denver, Colo., March 29, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I note in your last issue a criticism of my report of cases, published in theJournalof March 19, by Kenneth W. Millican, M.D., B.A., M.R.C.S., which I feel deserves a reply. Dr. Millican states that antiphthisic serum T. R. (Fisch) "is recommended in the so-called pre-tubercular stage, in the first stage and the early part of the second stage prior to disintegration and in these alone." He criticises the report sharply, because all the cases were chronic cases and not applicable to serum treatment. The Doctor has forgotten that in the February 5 issue of theJournalthere appeared two articles on the treatment of tuberculosis with antiphthisic serum T. R., in which sixteen cases were reported, of which fourteen were chronic cases, having existed from one to eleven years, and yet no criticism was made on account of their
Phenotypic analysis in a case of hydroa vacciniforme-like eruptions associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease of γδ T cells
Authors: C. Tanaka, M. Hasegawa, M. Fujimoto, K. Iwatsuki, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamada, K. Kawa, Y. Saikawa, A. Toga, S. Mase, T. Wada, K. Takehara, A. Yachie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Funding sources: None. Conflicts of interest: None declared. Madam, A 3‐year‐old girl visited Kanazawa University Hospital with a history of skin lesions on her face lasting several months. At the time of her first visit in March 2007, she had umbilicated vesiculopapules with small necrotic centres and erythematous oedema on her face (Fig. 1a) and upper limbs, as well as aphthous stomatitis. The skin lesions were exacerbated by sun exposure. She also had a low‐grade fever and general malaise. Blood cell and platelet counts were normal. No atypical lymphocytes were found in peripheral blood smears. Computed tomography did not detect any abnormity. Anti‐Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antibody titres indicated a previous infection pattern of EBV, but a high amount of EBV DNA (4·4 × 105 copies per 106 white blood cells) was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Informed consent was obtained according to the Declaration of Helsinki, and approval for the study was obtained from the Human Research Committee of Kanazawa University.
Abstract P3-10-25: The Prognosis of Metaplastic Breast Cancer Patients Compare to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: DH Cho, JH Jang, SK Lee, M-Y Choi, MY Koo, SM Hur, SY Bae, SM Kim, J-H Choe, JE Lee, J-H Kim, JS Kim, SJ Nam, J-H Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Metaplastic breeast cancer (MBC) is a rare, heterogenous cancer characterized by admixture of adenocarcinoma with metaplastic elements, low hormone receptor expression and poor outcome. This study was planned to assess the clinicopathological chacteristics and immunohistochemical findings of MBC compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) including the triple-negative subtype (TN-IDC). Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 47 MBC and 1,346 IDC patients. Two hundred eighteen TN-IDC patients were included in the 1,346 IDC patients. Between 2005 and 2009, these patients were undergone surgical treatment at the Samsung Medical Center. Patients were reviewed clinicopathologic factors, immunohistochemistry of biologic factors such as ER, PR, HER-2, p53, Ki67, cytokeratine (CK) 5/6, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and treatment modalities (type of operation, use of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy). Result: The MBC patients presented with a larger tumor size (&amp;gt;T1, 66.0% vs. 44.3.%, P = 0.008), lower lymph node involvement (N0, 73.3% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.03), higher histologic (HG) and nuclear grade (NG) (HG3, 70.0% vs. 41.5%, P = 0.001; NG3,82.6% vs. 46.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), fewer estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 positivity (ER+, 4.3% vs. 69.2%, P &amp;lt; 0.001; PR+, 6.4% vs. 63.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.001; HER2+, 0% vs. 27.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), higher p53, CK5/6 and EGFR expression (p53+, 63.8% vs.38.8%, P &amp;lt; 0.001; CK5/6+, 71.9% vs.21.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.001; EGFR+, 93.9% vs.21.6%, P &amp;lt;0.001) and more TN subtypes (93.6% vs. 16.2%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) compared to the IDC group. There was no significant difference in clinicopathological characteristics with MBC and TN-IDC except EGFR over expression (EGFR+, 93.9% vs.69.0%, P = 0.017). In follow-up duration (median 30 months, range 2-56 months), seven (14.9%) MBC patients and 98 (7.2%) IDC patients recurred. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 78.1% in the MBC group and 91.1% in IDC group (P &amp;lt;0.001). The 3-year DFS rate was not significantly difference between MBC group and TN-IDC group (78.1% vs. 84.9%, P = 0.114). However, in patients with lymph node metastasis who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, the 3-year DFS rate was 44.4% in MBC group and 72.5% in TN-IDC group (P = 0.025). Discussion: In our result, MBC show poorer clinical outcome than IDC. It is not shown significant difference between MBC and TN-IDC. However, MBC patients with nodal metastasis have poorer prognosis than TN-IDC patients with metastasis despite adjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-25.
The Hemodynamic Response to Exercise in Patients With Healed Myocardial Infarction Without Angina
Authors: JOHN O. PARKER, ROXROY O. WEST, SALVATORE DI GIORGI
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Fifteen patients with coronary heart disease and previous myocardial infarction but without exertional angina were studied at rest and during exercise. The hemodynamic response to exercise varied, being normal in some patients while others showed evidence of marked depression of ventricular performance. Ten patients were restudied after nitroglycerin. During exercise after administration of this drug, ventricular performance was normal in all. The exact mechanism of action of nitroglycerin is uncertain, but it may reduce myocardial oxygen needs through reduction in left ventricular volume or increase in coronary blood flow to ischemic areas or both.
Intraindividual Response to Treatment with Pirfenidone in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Benjamin Loeh, Fotios Drakopanagiotakis, Gian Piero Bandelli, Daniel von der Beck, Silke Tello, Elisa Cordani, Elvira Rizza, Laura Barrocu, Philipp Markart, Werner Seeger, Andreas Guenther, Carlo Albera
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)
Learning from failure: the need for independent safety investigation in healthcare
Authors: Carl Macrae, Charles Vincent
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2014)

Tragedies are powerful motivators for learning and improvement. The only honourable response to the victims is to try to ensure that similar tragedies are not repeated in the future. In the NHS the report that led to the National Reporting and Learning System was entitled ‘An Organisation with a Memory’ precisely because of the ambition to capture the learning inherent in tragic incidents. The recent Berwick review into patient safety in the NHS similarly speaks of ‘A Promise to Learn’ but also, tellingly, of a ‘Commitment to Act’. We clearly need a capacity for intelligent, thoughtful reflection on the causes of tragic events and, still more, a capacity for using this hard won knowledge to build a safer healthcare system. In this paper we suggest that this would be most effectively achieved by the creation of a small, permanent independent agency charged with coordinating major inquiries and safety investigations in the NHS. Such a model, if successful, could be applied in other healthcare systems.
Leukotriene EM<sub>4</sub> plasma levels in adult asthmatic patients with variable disease severity
Authors: C. Chavis, T. van Vyve, P. Chanez, M. Farce, J. Bousquet, F. B. Michel, P. Godard
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Chavis C, van Vyve T, Chanez P, Farce M, Bousquet J, Michel FB, Godard P. Leukotriene E4 plasma levels in adult asthmatic patients with variable disease severity. Cysteinyl leukotrienes ‘C‐LTs’ are local inflammatory mediators involved in bronchial asthma. Seventeen asthmatic patients ‘FEV 1 ranging from 41 to 99.8% of predicted values’ and 11 healthy subjects were studied. The clinical severity of asthma was assessed by the Aas score. Plasma C‐LTs were measured by enzyme immunoassay ‘EIA’ after sample purification by solid‐phase extraction ‘SPE’, to investigate whether differences may exist between asthmatic and control subjects and whether leukotriene E 4 ‘LTE 4 ’ levels were related to the severity of disease. LT measurements showed that 87.6±1.2% was recovered as LTE 4 and 9.4±1.3% as LTC4. In asthmatic subjects, LTE 4 plasma levels were found to be significantly higher than those in the control group ‘1.073±0.133 and 0.53±0.19 ng/ml of plasma, respectively; P &lt; 0.002’. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between LTE 4 plasma levels and the Aas clinical score ‘ P &lt; 0.005’. These data suggest that plasma LTE 4 levels might be used to assess the severity of asthma.