tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Household Income and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in U.S. Children and Young Adults
Authors: Mohammed K. Ali, Kai McKeever Bullard, Gloria L. Beckles, Mark R. Stevens, Lawrence Barker, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Giuseppina Imperatore
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To assess the cardiovascular risk profile of youths across socioeconomic groups in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Analysis of 1999–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) including 16,085 nonpregnant 6- to 24-year-olds to estimate race/ethnicity-adjusted prevalence of obesity, central obesity, sedentary behaviors, tobacco exposure, elevated systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, non-HDL cholesterol (non–HDL-C), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein according to age-group, sex, and poverty-income ratio (PIR) tertiles. RESULTS Among boys aged 6–11 years, 19.9% in the lowest PIR tertile were obese and 30.0% were centrally obese compared with 13.2 and 21.6%, respectively, in the highest-income tertile households (Pobesity &amp;lt; 0.05 and Pcentral obesity &amp;lt; 0.01). Boys aged 12–17 years in lowest-income households were more likely than their wealthiest family peers to be obese (20.6 vs. 15.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.05), sedentary (14.8 vs. 9.3%, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and exposed to tobacco (19.0 vs. 6.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Compared with girls aged 12–17 years in highest-income households, lowest-income household girls had higher prevalence of obesity (17.9 vs. 13.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.05), central obesity (41.5 vs. 29.2%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), sedentary behaviors (20.4 vs. 9.4%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and tobacco exposure (14.1 vs. 5.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Apart from higher prevalence of elevated non–HDL-C among low-income women aged 18–24 years (23.4 vs. 15.8%, P &amp;lt; 0.05), no other cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence differences were observed between lowest- and highest-income background young adults. CONCLUSIONS Independent of race/ethnicity, 6- to 17-year-olds from low-income families have higher prevalence of obesity, central obesity, sedentary behavior, and tobacco exposure. Multifaceted cardiovascular health promotion policies are needed to reduce health disparities between income groups.
Language in Medical Documentation—Reply
Authors: C. Jason Wang
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Magnetic Resonance–Compatible Robotic and Mechatronics Systems for Image-Guided Interventions and Rehabilitation: A Review Study
Authors: Nikolaos V. Tsekos, Azadeh Khanicheh, Eftychios Christoforou, Constantinos Mavroidis
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2007)

The continuous technological progress of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as its widespread clinical use as a highly sensitive tool in diagnostics and advanced brain research, has brought a high demand for the development of magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible robotic/mechatronic systems. Revolutionary robots guided by real-time three-dimensional (3-D)-MRI allow reliable and precise minimally invasive interventions with relatively short recovery times. Dedicated robotic interfaces used in conjunction with fMRI allow neuroscientists to investigate the brain mechanisms of manipulation and motor learning, as well as to improve rehabilitation therapies. This paper gives an overview of the motivation, advantages, technical challenges, and existing prototypes for MR-compatible robotic/mechatronic devices.
Radiolabeled WBC Scintigraphy in the Diagnostic Workup of Patients With Suspected Device-Related Infections
Authors: Paola A. Erba, Martina Sollini, Umberto Conti, Francesco Bandera, Carlo Tascini, Salvatore M. De Tommasi, Giulio Zucchelli, Roberta Doria, Francesco Menichetti, Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Elena Lazzeri, Giuliano Mariani
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Modeling the hepatitis C virus epidemic in france
Authors: Sylvie Deuffic, Laurent Buffat, Thierry Poynard, Alain-Jacques Valleron
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

A backcalculation approach allows a reconstruction of the history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in France and predictions of mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to the virus. The model uses information from the literature about the natural history of the disease, epidemiological data about infected subjects in three French cohorts, and mortality data from national statistics. It seeks to determine the annual transition probabilities from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and the HCV incidence per year in the past. These unknowns are found by fitting the observed deaths from HCC that are attributable to HCV. Optimal values for these unknowns then allow to project the number of HCC deaths attributable to HCV for each year through 2025 (for patients infected before 1996). The model traces the HCV epidemic in France back to around the 1940s. It predicts that HCC mortality related to HCV will continue to increase through 2020 in the absence of treatment, with a 150% increase in the yearly incidence among men and 200% among women. The model also confirms that progression to cirrhosis depends strongly on sex and age. At any age, the annual probability of progression is 10 times greater for men than for women. Moreover, for men aged between 61 and 70 years, this probability is 300 times greater than that for men aged between 21 and 40 years.
TOOTH GROWTH IN EXPERIMENTAL SCURVY
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf, Celia Zall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. The incisor teeth of guinea pigs have a constant rate of growth in health. 2. Deprivation of Vitamin C causes the teeth to cease growing. Readministration of the vitamin restores the growth. 3. Administration of small amounts of antiscorbutic substance results in rates of growth roughly proportional to dosage. 4. Under standard experimental conditions used in the testing of foodstuffs for antiscorbutic value, the rate of tooth growth would appear to be a precise indication of the degree of scurvy, being more delicate than the Sherman score, and more constant as well as more simple, than the Höjer method. 5. Stress in terms of usage appears to exaggerate the scorbutic lesions in the teeth.
BENIGN OR NONMALIGNANT TUMORS
Authors: Howard Lilienthal
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —It is time to discard the old fashioned and misleading terms  benign or benignant in speaking  neoplasms. The word nonmalignant or, possibly, innocent could well be substituted.  An abnormal growth may be innocent or nonmalignant at a certain stage  its presence; but it is the modern tendency to regard all new growths as possibly malignant until they have been removed and histologically proved otherwise.  In any case, an expression describing a morbid condition as of good influence should not be permitted in scientific English.
POLYPOSIS GASTRICA (POLYADENOMA)
Authors: JESSE S. MYER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Although many instances of the presence of polyps in the gastro-intestinal tract are reported in the literature, they are not altogether common in the stomach. Reports of the existence in the stomach of a sufficient number to justify the term "gastric polyposis'' are meager, indeed. In a search of the literature it has been rather surprising to see how lightly the subject of gastric polyps has been touched on in text-books on diseases of the stomach, as well as those on its pathologic anatomy. Indeed, the only text-books on diseases of the stomach which do more than mention the subject are those of Bouvert, Hemmeter and Deaver and Ashhurst. Chosrojeff finds a dearth of information on benign tumors of the stomach in general, and attributes it to the fact that they present the picture of malignant disease and are thus overlooked. As a result of his investigation, Alfred Tilger in 3,500
Cases of Poisoning
Authors: C. M. Durrant
Journal: BMJ (1850)

POISONING BY TARTAR EMETIC: RECOVERY. of tartar emet the result dep AN individual having suspected a servant girl, aged ing and purgi.13, who waited upon him, of purloining his sugar, was dose upon re induced, at the recommendation of a druggist, and with administered a view to detect and check the propensity, to mix tartar five and three
PC Cell-Derived Growth Factor Mediates Tamoxifen Resistance and Promotes Tumor Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Wisit Tangkeangsirisin, Jun Hayashi, Ginette Serrero
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract PC cell-derived growth factor, also known as progranulin, is an Mr 88,000 growth factor (referred as PCDGF/GP88) overexpressed in human breast cancer. Antisense inhibition of PCDGF/GP88 expression in MDA-MB-468 cells inhibited tumor formation in nude mice. In estrogen receptor-positive cells, PCDGF/GP88 was expressed in response to estradiol and shown to mediate its mitogenic effect. Pathologic studies indicated that PCDGF/GP88 was expressed in 80% of invasive ductal carcinomas in correlation with parameters of poor prognosis. In the present article, the relationship between PCDGF/GP88 expression and tamoxifen resistance was examined in MCF-7 cells. PCDGF/GP88 overexpression rendered MCF-7 cells able to proliferate in the absence of estrogen and in the presence of tamoxifen. The PCDGF/GP88-overexpressing cells formed tumors in ovariectomized nude mice in the absence of estradiol and in its presence, in contrast to MCF-7 cells. Tumor growth of the overexpressing cells was increased significantly when the mice were treated with tamoxifen. PCDGF/GP88 blocked tamoxifen-induced apoptosis by preventing down-regulation of bcl-2 expression and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. In addition, PCDGF/GP88-overexpressing cells presented higher level of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 than MCF-7 control cells. Tamoxifen treatment additionally increased the level of vascular endothelial growth factor. These studies suggest that PCDGF/GP88 plays a critical role in breast cancer tumorigenesis and in the transition to estrogen independence and tamoxifen resistance, a hallmark of poor prognosis. On the basis of the in vivo studies, it is postulated that tamoxifen treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors overexpressing PCDGF/GP88 could have adverse clinical consequences.
An Experience in Submarine Psychiatry
Authors: JONATHAN L. SERXNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The psychiatric experience of a medical officer on two submerged Polaris submarine patrols, each lasting two months, is presented. One psychiatric emergency—an acute paranoid schizophrenic reaction—was managed, and some minor anxiety reactions and depressions were treated. The author suggests the nature of the submarine's psychological atmosphere by means of a brief discussion of the submarine as a physical entity, the patrol cycle, and the procedures of personnel selection and training.
Primary Prevention With Metoprolol in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Terry A. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Wikstrand et al<sup>1</sup>makes an important contribution to the role of β-blockers or nondiuretic therapy in the primary prevention of mortality from hypertension. However, several limitations of their study design need to be pointed out and their results need to be more closely compared with those of previous primary prevention trials. It is difficult to address mortality without also considering morbidity. Although morbidity also includes unwarranted side effects of medicines and quality of life considerations, the more disease-specific morbid events, such as the numbers of nonfatal myocardial infarctions and nonfatal strokes, need to be addressed. It is possible that patients taking β-blockers experienced more nonfatal myocardial infarctions and strokes and that the "cardioprotective" effects of β-blockade occur after a nonfatal event, as in most post-myocardial infarction β-blockade studies. Therefore, although total mortality is reduced, patients are left with significant morbidity. Other methodological problems
Considerations in Assessing the Evidence and Implications of Aid Displacement from the Health Sector
Authors: Rajaie Batniji, Eran Bendavid
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Questions about whether, and how, giving health aid to governments leads to a reduction in health financing from domestic sources are essential to decisions about which countries receive aid, and whether aid is directed to governments.A 2010 analysis by Lu et al. made the case that for every additional US dollar of development assistance for health (DAH) from 1995 to 2006, government health expenditures from domestic sources fell by at least US$0.43 [1].Similarly, Farag and colleagues found that each US dollar in DAH to low-income countries was associated with a US$0.14 decrease in those low-income countries' government health spending [2].The methods used by Lu et al. have been scrutinized carefully, but their findings have led to concerns that recipient governments may waste donor resources [3].Our previous essay in PLOS Medicine also questioned the analysis by Lu et al., but we have retracted it due to errors in our statistical model and reporting [4].However, here we reaffirm the importance of understanding aid displacement and in particular, an exploration of where the money goes.
Over the counter drugs
Authors: J. G Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Meanwhile, proposed changes in the organisation of another subspecialty, gynaecological oncology, cast further doubt on the appropriateness of the existing surgical bias in gynaecology.The Calman proposals for cancer centres in Britain highlight the need for highly trained surgeons with access to a large enough throughput of cases to maintain their surgical skills.8If the most difficult surgery is to be undertaken by a smaller number of expert surgeons, training the rest to such a high level will not be neces- sary.
Put health and environment first at G20 meeting, say development workers
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Public health professionals in developed countries need to lobby their governments to take action to reduce the impact of the economic recession and climate change on poor countries, an international conference in London heard last week.

Mark Malloch-Brown, minister of state for Africa, Asia, and the United Nations Foreign and Commonwealth Office, warned about the adverse impact of the recession on the health of vulnerable populations in developing countries. “We are heading for a crisis in nutrition where we will be unable to provide enough food aid,” he said.

Estimates suggest that child deaths will increase by up to 400 000 a year, he said, and the imperative to improve health care in poor countries has never been more urgent.

Josette Sheeran, executive director of the UN World Food Programme …
CT scanning: too much of a good thing
Authors: Steven Birnbaum
Journal: BMJ (2007)

On 30 August 2005, coming off a mostly sleepless night of on-call which mainly involved reading computed tomography (CT) scans in the emergency room, I received the phone call all parents dread. My ex-wife was on the phone, sobbing and telling me that our 23 year old daughter had been hit by a car while jogging and was in intensive care in a large, prestigious hospital with a head injury.

When I arrived at the intensive care unit, Molly was conscious but suffering from altered sensorium. Given the miracles of modern picture archiving and communication (PACS), I was able to review her radiological studies at her bedside with her nurse almost immediately. I realised that her injuries, although serious, would not be life threatening. She had had a basilar skull fracture, a severe concussion, pubic rami fractures, and a severe left knee injury. No immediate intervention would be required except for semi-elective knee surgery, and, given her age and excellent physical condition, a full recovery would be anticipated. CT scanning had been key in determining this prognosis. Molly had had a scan of the head and of the cervical spine, an arteriogram of her intracranial vessels, and a chest scan and abdominal scan that day; all …
Nitric oxide pathway and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hossein A Ghofrani, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Joan A Barbera, Richard Channick, Anne M Keogh, Miguel A Gomez-Sanchez, Meinhard Kneussl, Friedrich Grimminger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Does This Patient Have Clubbing?
Authors: K A Myers, D R Farquhar
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The association between digital clubbing and a host of diseases has been recognized since the time of Hippocrates. Although the features of advanced clubbing are familiar to most clinicians, the presence of early clubbing is often a source of debate.To perform a systematic review of the literature for information on the precision and accuracy of clinical examination for clubbing.The MEDLINE database from January 1966 to April 1999 was searched for English-language articles related to clubbing. Bibliographies of all retrieved articles and of standard textbooks of physical diagnosis were also searched.Studies selected for data extraction were those in which quantitative or qualitative assessment for clubbing was described in a series of patients. Sixteen studies met these criteria and were included in the final analysis.Data were extracted by both authors, who independently reviewed and appraised the quality of each article. Data extracted included quantitative indices for distinguishing clubbed from normal digits, precision of clinical examination for clubbing, and accuracy of clubbing as a marker of selected diseases.The profile angle, hyponychial angle, and phalangeal depth ratio can be used as quantitative indices to assist in identifying clubbing. In individuals without clubbing, values for these indices do not exceed 176 degrees, 192 degrees, and 1.0, respectively. When clinicians make a global assessment of clubbing at the bedside, interobserver agreement is variable, with kappa values ranging between 0.39 and 0.90. Because of the lack of an objective diagnostic criterion standard, accuracy of physical examination for clubbing is difficult to determine. The accuracy of clubbing as a marker of specific underlying disease has been determined for lung cancer (likelihood ratio, 3.9 with phalangeal depth ratio in excess of 1.0) and for inflammatory bowel disease (likelihood ratio, 2.8 and 3.7 for active Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, respectively, if clubbing is present).We recommend use of the profile angle and phalangeal depth ratio as quantitative indices in identifying clubbing. Clinical judgment must be exercised in determining the extent of further evaluation for underlying disease when these values exceed 180 degrees and 1.0, respectively.
Subendocardial and subepicardial segmental function changes in the dog heart due to gradual coronary flow reduction by an acutely developing thrombus
Authors: B. G BERTHA, J. D FOLTS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article Subendocardial and subepicardial segmental function changes in the dog heart due to gradual coronary flow reduction by an acutely developing thrombus Get access BRIAN G BERTHA, BRIAN G BERTHA From the Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue H6I338, Madison, WI 53792, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN D FOLTS JOHN D FOLTS * From the Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue H6I338, Madison, WI 53792, USA * Address for reprint requests: John D Folts, Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue H6/338 Madison, WI 53792, USA. Phone: 608-263-1543. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 8, August 1985, Pages 495–506, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.8.495 Published: 01 August 1985
Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin (EXCEL) study results. Effect of patient characteristics on lovastatin-induced changes in plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins.
Authors: C L Shear, F A Franklin, S Stinnett, D P Hurley, R H Bradford, A N Chremos, D T Nash, A Langendorfer
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Lovastatin produces consistent dose-related reductions in plasma levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol along with variable decreases in triglycerides and increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Patient characteristics from the Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin (EXCEL) study were examined to determine their association with the magnitude of lovastatin-induced changes in these lipids and lipoproteins. METHODS AND RESULTS After a baseline period consisting of dietary therapy, 8,245 patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomized to five groups that received 48 weeks of treatment with either placebo or daily doses of lovastatin ranging from 20 to 80 mg. By use of linear statistical models, 20 different patient characteristics were examined for modification of the dose-dependent responses observed. For LDL cholesterol, the following were associated with enhanced lowering (p less than 0.05; percent changes are placebo-corrected, adjusted mean changes from baseline for the 80-mg/day lovastatin group): full drug compliance (-41.9%) versus 80% compliance (-20.3%); an age of 65 (-43.4%) versus 45 years (-38.1%) for women; white race (-40.9%) versus black race (-38.0%); and 4.5-kg weight gain (-42.6%) versus 4.5-kg weight loss (-37.9%). Similar relations for enhanced triglyceride lowering were found with older age and weight gain. Patients with initially low HDL cholesterol (less than 0.91 mmol/l) and high triglycerides (greater than 2.26 mmol/l) had enhanced responses for these parameters: placebo-corrected percent changes at 80 mg/day were -27.4% for triglycerides and +12.3% for HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Overall, patient characteristics had very little impact of clinical importance on the dose-dependent LDL cholesterol lowering found with lovastatin. In patients with initially high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL cholesterol, the elevation of HDL cholesterol produced by lovastatin appears to be enhanced.