tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Oregon capitation initiative: lessons and warnings, from the forefront of the backlash
Authors: M. K. Wynia
Journal: JAMA (1996)

FINANCIAL INCENTIVES that influence physician decision making are unavoidable. 1 Under the traditional fee-for-service system of physician payment, services that provide benefit to the patient also hold the promise of additional revenue for the physician. In conjunction with health insurance, this payment system strongly promotes increased use of resources, 2 and many health economists believe that fee-for-service payment of physicians has been a major contributor to the rapid growth in health care costs in the United States. 3   With annual rates of growth in health care expenditures continuing to outstrip the rate of growth of the economy, business and government have turned to alterations in physicians' financial incentives to assist in limiting health care expenditures. 4 In particular, managed care plans using capitated payments to physicians are becoming more common. 5 Under capitation, in its simplest form, physicians, either individually or in a group, receive a fixed payment
Silicone Gel Breast Implants
Authors: Ira Finegold
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I had hoped that the CSA's report on silicone gel breast implants<sup>1</sup>would have presented a cogent summary of this controversial topic. However, the chemistry of silicone is presented in great detail and amounts to about 25% of this report, while a discussion of clinical observations is virtually entirely omitted. Although double-blinded prospective controlled studies are the desired criterion standard, currently none is available on this subject. However, there are a number of clinical reports in the literature that cannot be completely dismissed because they do not meet these criteria. Dr Kessler and colleagues have correctly noted in their Commentary<sup>2</sup>that there are significant doubts as to the safety of gel breast implants. The fact that 2111 reports concerning implants have been filed by patients and clinicians from January 1992 to October 1993 also should not be ignored. Even if the CSA dismisses these reports,
The Effect of Alternative Summary Statistics for Communicating Risk Reduction on Decisions about Taking Statins: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Cheryl L. L. Carling, Doris Tove Kristoffersen, Victor M. Montori, Jeph Herrin, Holger J. Schünemann, Shaun Treweek, Elie A. Akl, Andrew D. Oxman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Carling and colleagues carry out a trial evaluating different methods of communicating information to people regarding the risks and benefits of taking statins. They suggest that natural frequencies are likely to be the most appropriate summary statistic for presenting the effects of treatment.
Point mutants of forkhead box P3 that cause immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked have diverse abilities to reprogram T cells into regulatory T cells
Authors: Alicia N. McMurchy, Jana Gillies, Sarah E. Allan, Laura Passerini, Eleonora Gambineri, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Rosa Bacchetta, Megan K. Levings
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Late morbidity in long-term survivors of childhood brain tumors: a nationwide registry-based study in Finland
Authors: M. E. Gunn, T. Lahdesmaki, N. Malila, M. Arola, M. Gronroos, J. Matomaki, P. M. Lahteenmaki
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The population of long-term survivors of childhood brain tumors (BTs) is growing. The aim of our study was to evaluate late-appearing morbidity in BT survivors. Patients diagnosed with a BT at the age of 0–15 years between 1970 and 2004, and surviving at least 5 years, were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry (n = 740). Their late new morbidity ≥5 years after cancer diagnosis was assessed using the Hospital Discharge Registry containing hospitalizations and outpatient visits in specialized health care settings. The morbidity of BT survivors was compared with that of the sibling cohort (n = 3615). The 5-year survivors had a significantly increased hazard ratio (HR) for endocrine diseases (HR, 14.7), psychiatric disorders (HR, 1.8), cognitive and developmental disorders (HR, 16.6), neurological diseases (HR, 9.8), disorders of vision and hearing (HR, 10.5), and diseases of the circulatory system (HR, 2.7) compared with the sibling cohort. The HRs for disorders of musculoskeletal system (HR, 1.4) and diseases of the kidney (HR, 2.1) were not significantly increased. Radiation treatment did not explain all of the excess morbidity. Female survivors had a higher risk for disorders of vision and hearing (P = .046). Age at diagnosis did not show an effect on HRs. The HRs for endocrine diseases and disorders of vision or hearing loss were highest for survivors treated in the 1980s or later. Pediatric BT survivors had significant neurocognitive consequences. This, together with the considerable risk for endocrine morbidity, will motivate us to organize systematic follow-up procedures for pediatric BT survivors.
Clarifying Terminology for Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Jonathan R. Nebeker, Matthew H. Samore, Paul Barach
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters4 January 2005Clarifying Terminology for Adverse Drug EventsJonathan R. Nebeker, MS, MD, Matthew H. Samore, MD, and Paul Barach, MD, MPHJonathan R. Nebeker, MS, MDFrom Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, and University of Miami Medical School, Miami, FL 33136.Search for more papers by this author, Matthew H. Samore, MDFrom Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, and University of Miami Medical School, Miami, FL 33136.Search for more papers by this author, and Paul Barach, MD, MPHFrom Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, and University of Miami Medical School, Miami, FL 33136.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We oppose the recommendation of Otero and Schmitt and others to exclude events related to error from the definition of adverse drug reactions. Doing so would significantly alter the meaning of a term used for decades by the pharmacovigilance community, including regulatory agencies worldwide. Adoption of these new definitions would force agencies to revise regulations and would diminish capacity to analyze trends in rates of adverse drug reactions. The additional complexity of classification also risks exacerbating underreporting of adverse drug reactions by clinicians.The distinction proposed by Otero and Schmitt and others has logical flaws. Regardless of whether ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, and University of Miami Medical School, Miami, FL 33136. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoClarifying Adverse Drug Events: A Clinician's Guide to Terminology, Documentation, and Reporting Jonathan R. Nebeker , Paul Barach , and Matthew H. Samore Clarifying Terminology for Adverse Drug Events María-José Otero and Etienne Schmitt Metrics Cited BySafety 3.0 and the End of the Superstar ClinicianDesigning a Safe and Reliable Sedation Service: Adopting a Safety CultureTerminologia de incidentes com medicamentos no contexto hospitalar 4 January 2005Volume 142, Issue 1Page: 77-78KeywordsAdverse reactionsBehaviorDrug safetyDrugsPharmacists ePublished: 4 January 2005 Issue Published: 4 January 2005 CopyrightCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bone cancer in Wales overestimated
Authors: M Cotter
Journal: BMJ (1994)

responded, with durations of response of up to 17 months so far.This remission rate is higher than that reported in patients with all stages of disease for either interferon or psoralens and ultraviolet A alone.5 Psoralens and ultraviolet A are usually well tolerated, although interferon is limited by side effects related to the dose.2Like Mostow et al,4 however, we found that a regimen of low dose interferon was extremely well tolerated, even by an 89 year old woman.In view of the age range of patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma this is particularly relevant.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Detection During Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Robert P. Young
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
728 REACTIVATION OF HEPATITIS B OR C IN PATIENTS WITH IBD, RECEIVING IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS. A RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTRE STUDY
Authors: F. Morisco, F. Castiglione, A. Rispo, T. Stroffolini, R. Vitale, S. Sansone, A. Orlando, M. Vecchi, G. Riegler, R. Marmo, N. Caporaso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Effects of anticonvulsant agents on halothane-induced liver injury in human subjects and experimental animals
Authors: Fumio Nomura, Hitoshi Hatano, Kunihiko Ohnishi, Bunshiro Akikusa, Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

In order to evaluate the clinical implication of experimental studies on halothane-induced liver damage in phenobarbital-treated rats, we studied the clinical records of 315 consecutive patients who underwent brain surgery with halothane anesthesia. After exclusion of subjects with a history of alcoholism or antecedent chronic liver disease, clinical data of 279 patients with normal preoperative transaminase activities were analyzed. The incidence of halothane-induced liver injury was significantly higher in the subjects given phenobarbital than in those with no phenobarbital medication (7/100 vs. 1/179, p &lt; 0.01). To determine if other anticonvulsant compounds can influence halothane-induced liver injury, rats were pretreated with diphenylhydantoin or valproic acid prior to exposure to halothane under hypoxic conditions for comparison with phenobarbital. The degree of halothane hepatotoxicity assessed from ALT activities and morphological alterations was of the decreasing order of phenobarbital &gt; controls = diphenylhydantoin &gt; valproic acid, and a similar order was observed in the extent of reductive metabolism of halothane. These results indicate that patients pretreated with phenobarbital may be at a greater risk of halothane-induced liver damage, and that treatment with valproic acid and diphenylhydantoin lead to the production of toxic intermediates of halothane to a lesser extent than treatment with phenobarbital does.
Screening Tests for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Samuel Butler
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with interest the editorial entitled "A Screening Test for Pulmonary Embolism" (<b>199</b>:576, 1967). I should like, however, to refer the readers to a paper entitled "Post-Operative Changes in Regional Pulmonary Blood Flow" by Lester Bryant.<sup>1</sup>Bryant made it quite clear that the incidence of false positives was very high. Ninety-seven patients were studied with photoscans, and 12 of these patients showed evidence suggestive of pulmonary embolism. However, only two patients did indeed have an embolus. Therefore, as suggested by Bryant, the photoscan is only of value when there is a normal study, for this rules out pulmonary embolism as a diagnostic consideration. Any institution equipped for the performance or interpretation of photoscans should be, or in all likelihood is, capable of performing pulmonary arteriography. Highly specialized personnel is not a prerequisite, for even I, as a thoracic surgeon and indeed even some radiologists can
1013 IMPACT OF NEWLY DEVELOPED HIGH-SENSITIVE (I-FETOPROTEIN-L3 FRACTION ASSAY ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT EVALUATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: R. Tateishi, H. Nakagawa, S. Shiina, K. Enooku, S. Mikami, M. Sato, K. Uchino, T. Arano, R. Masuzaki, E. Goto, Y. Kondo, T. Goto, H. Fujie, H. Ikeda, M. Omata, H. Yoshida, K. Koike
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Nitroglycerin Dosage and Polyethylene Tubing
Authors: ROBERT TUCKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1982Nitroglycerin Dosage and Polyethylene TubingROBERT TUCKER, M.S., R.PH.ROBERT TUCKER, M.S., R.PH.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-4-619_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Gibson and associates (1) reported a case of methemoglobinemia induced by nitroglycerin given intravenously. I note that doses as high as 30 µg/kg body weight · min were needed before there was clinical improvement. I am not aware of cases in the medical literature in which doses above 5 to 7 µg/kg body weight · min were needed for any cardiovascular problem for which nitroglycerin given intravenously is effective. One aspect not addressed by the authors was the possibility of an effect of the intravenous delivery system. A number of reports have described drug instability and binding...References1. GIBSONHUNTERRAABEMANJONEYITTELMAN GJDDF. Methemoglobinemia produced by high dose intravenous nitroglycerin. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:615-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. COTETORCHIA DM. Nitroglycerin adsorption to polyvinylchloride seriously interferes with its clinical use. Anesth Analg. 1982;61:541-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Problems reported with I.V. nitroglycerin administration sets. ASHP Signal. 1982;6:1-2. Google Scholar4. Problems with I.V. sets reported. ASHP Newsletter. 1982;15:1-2. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pontiac General Hospital Pontiac, MI 48053 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAssociation of methemoglobinemia and intravenous nitroglycerin administration 1 October 1982Volume 97, Issue 4Page: 619-619KeywordsBody weightDrugsMethemoglobinemia Issue Published: 1 October 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Amelioration of emphysema in mice through lentiviral transduction of long-lived pulmonary alveolar macrophages
Authors: Andrew A. Wilson, George J. Murphy, Hiroshi Hamakawa, Letty W. Kwok, Sreedevi Srinivasan, Avi-Hai Hovav, Richard C. Mulligan, Salomon Amar, Bela Suki, Darrell N. Kotton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Directed gene transfer into specific cell lineages in vivo is an attractive approach for both modulating gene expression and correcting inherited mutations such as emphysema caused by human alpha1 antitrypsin (hAAT) deficiency. However, somatic tissues are mainly comprised of heterogeneous, differentiated cell lineages that can be short lived and difficult to specifically transfect. Here, we describe an intratracheally instilled lentiviral system able to deliver genes selectively to as many as 70% of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the mouse lung. Following a single in vivo lentiviral transduction, genetically tagged AMs persisted in lung alveoli and expressed transferred genes for the lifetime of the adult mouse. A prolonged macrophage lifespan, rather than precursor cell proliferation, accounted for the surprisingly sustained presence of transduced AMs. We utilized this long-lived population to achieve localized secretion of therapeutic levels of hAAT protein in lung epithelial lining fluid. In an established mouse model of emphysema, lentivirally delivered hAAT ameliorated the progression of emphysema, as evidenced by attenuation of increased lung compliance and alveolar size. After 24 weeks of sustained gene expression, no humoral or cellular immune responses to hAAT protein were detected. Our results challenge the dogma that AMs are short lived and suggest that these differentiated cells may be a possible target cell population for in vivo gene therapy applications, including the sustained correction of hAAT deficiency.
Remodeling of cortical bone allografts mediated by adherent rAAV-RANKL and VEGF gene therapy
Authors: Hiromu Ito, Mette Koefoed, Prarop Tiyapatanaputi, Kirill Gromov, J Jeffrey Goater, Jonathan Carmouche, Xinping Zhang, Paul T Rubery, Joseph Rabinowitz, R Jude Samulski, Takashi Nakamura, Kjeld Soballe, Regis J O'Keefe, Brendan F Boyce, Edward M Schwarz
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Potent Antitumor Activity of Novel Iron Chelators Derived from Di-2-Pyridylketone Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Involves Fenton-Derived Free Radical Generation
Authors: Timothy B. Chaston, Ralph N. Watts, Jun Yuan, Des R. Richardson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The development of novel and potent iron chelators as clinically useful antitumor agents is an area of active interest. Antiproliferative activity of chelators often relates to iron deprivation or stimulation of iron-dependent free radical damage. Recently, we showed that novel iron chelators of the di-2-pyridylketone isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PKIH) class have potent and selective antineoplastic activity (E. Becker, et al., Br. J. Pharmacol., 138: 819–30, 2003). In this study, we assessed the effects of the PKIH analogues on the redox activity of iron in terms of understanding their antitumor activity. Experimental Design: We tested the PKIH analogues for their ability to promote iron-mediated ascorbate oxidation, benzoate hydroxylation, and plasmid degradation. Subsequent experiments assessed their ability to bind DNA, inhibit topoisomerase I, and cause DNA damage. To measure intracellular reactive oxygen species, we used the redox-sensitive probe, 2′,7′-dichloro-fluorescein-diacetate, to measure intracellular PKIH-dependent redox activity. Results: The PKIH analogues had relatively little effect on ascorbate oxidation in the presence of Fe(III) but stimulated benzoate hydroxylation and plasmid DNA degradation in the presence of Fe(II) and H2O2. These ligands could not inhibit DNA topoisomerase I or cause DNA damage in intact cells. PKIH markedly increased the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, and this was inhibited by catalase. This enzyme also decreased the antiproliferative effect of PKIH, indicating H2O2 played a role in its cytotoxic activity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the antiproliferative effects of these chelators relates to intracellular iron chelation, followed by the stimulation of iron-mediated free radical generation via the so-formed iron complex.
Population based time trends and socioeconomic variation in use of radiotherapy and radical surgery for prostate cancer in a UK region: continuous survey
Authors: G. Lyratzopoulos, J. M. Barbiere, D. C. Greenberg, K. A. Wright, D. E. Neal
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To examine variation in the management of prostate cancer in patients with different socioeconomic status.Survey using UK regional cancer registry data.Regional population based cancer registry.35 171 patients aged >or=51 with a diagnosis of prostate cancer, 1995-2006.Use of radiotherapy and radical surgery. Socioeconomic status according to fifths of small area deprivation index.Over the nine years of the study, information on stage at diagnosis was available for 15 916 of 27 970 patients (57%). During the study period, the proportion of patients treated with radiotherapy remained at about 25%, while use of radical surgery increased significantly (from 2.9% (212/7201) during 1995-7 to 8.4% (854/10 211) during 2004-6, P<0.001). Both treatments were more commonly used in least deprived compared with most deprived patients (28.5% v 21.0% for radiotherapy and 8.4% v 4.0% for surgery). In multivariable analysis, increasing deprivation remained strongly associated with lower odds of radiotherapy or surgery (odds ratio 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 0.94), P<0.001, and 0.91 (0.87 to 0.94), P<0.001, respectively, per incremental deprivation group). There were consistently concordant findings with multilevel models for clustering of observations by hospital of diagnosis, with restriction of the analysis to patients with information on stage, and with sequential restriction of the analysis to different age, stage, diagnosis period, and morphology groups.After a diagnosis of prostate cancer, men from lower socioeconomic groups were substantially less likely to be treated with radical surgery or radiotherapy. The causes and impact on survival of such differences remain uncertain.
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1 promotes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis
Authors: John J. Lehman, Philip M. Barger, Attila Kovacs, Jeffrey E. Saffitz, Denis M. Medeiros, Daniel P. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in a variety of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have identified the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) as a regulator of mitochondrial function in tissues specialized for thermogenesis, such as brown adipose. We sought to determine whether PGC-1 controlled mitochondrial biogenesis and energy-producing capacity in the heart, a tissue specialized for high-capacity ATP production. We found that PGC-1 gene expression is induced in the mouse heart after birth and in response to short-term fasting, conditions known to increase cardiac mitochondrial energy production. Forced expression of PGC-1 in cardiac myocytes in culture induced the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in multiple mitochondrial energy-transduction/energy-production pathways, increased cellular mitochondrial number, and stimulated coupled respiration. Cardiac-specific overexpression of PGC-1 in transgenic mice resulted in uncontrolled mitochondrial proliferation in cardiac myocytes leading to loss of sarcomeric structure and a dilated cardiomyopathy. These results identify PGC-1 as a critical regulatory molecule in the control of cardiac mitochondrial number and function in response to energy demands.