tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Supranormal Renal Function in Unilateral Hydronephrotic Kidney Can Be Avoided
Authors: Jehanzeb Khan, Martin Charron, Marc P. Hickeson, Roberto Accorsi, S Qureshi, Douglas Canning
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

There are reports and controversy in the literature of supranormal (defined as >55%) differential renal function (DRF) in the hydronephrotic kidney in children with unilateral hydronephrosis. It is not confirmed whether supranormal DRF is an artifact or a true finding. In patients in whom the relative renal function deteriorates, relief of obstruction becomes surgically necessary and if this artifact can be removed. Supranormal function in an obstructed kidney is confusing and there is no consensus on how to manage these patients. There is no agreement if this is a true entity or an artifact. We wanted to address this issue by reporting our experience.We reviewed all the consecutive cases from August 2000 to October 2001 who were studied in our center with the diagnosis of unilateral renal obstruction for confirmation or evaluation of DRF. All patients had MAG-3 studies that were interpreted by experienced nuclear medicine physicians. The DRF were measured within the first to second minute of the MAG-3 injection. Regions of interest were drawn by the imaging software and the images were corrected for background counts by drawing regions of interest 2 pixels away from the edge of the renal cortex.Fifty-seven patients were confirmed to be obstructed unilaterally; 41 (72%) patients had obstructive lesions in the left kidney and 16 (28%) in the right kidney. There was no case of supranormal DRF in the obstructed kidneys in our study.The supranormal renal function, as noted in some reports in the literature, was not seen in any patients at our institution. We believe that this entity is an artifact and can be avoided by using MAG-3 and projecting regions of interest by computer software; we plan to start analyzing multiple algorithms in phantoms with different ROI selection for background analysis.
Resynchronizing Ventricular Contraction in Heart Failure
Authors: John A. Jarcho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

One quarter to one third of patients with congestive heart failure have some form of intraventricular conduction abnormality that is manifested as an increased QRS duration on the electrocardiogram.1,2 The most common pattern is left bundle-branch block. In patients with left bundle-branch block, electrical activation of the lateral aspect of the left ventricle can be substantially delayed in relation to that of the right ventricle and interventricular septum. Dyssynchronous electrical activation results in dyssynchronous contraction, which is mechanically inefficient. Regional myocardial workload is distributed unequally, and regional myocardial blood flow and metabolism may be altered. As a result, the . . .
Guide to Fitness After 50
Authors: Willibald Nagler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The book has 27 chapters, which are organized into four sections. The first, "Perspectives on Exercise and Aging," gives a well-balanced review of the various elements of aging and the effect of environment on the accentuation or mitigation of the aging process. For centuries, the unfavorable influence of inactivity on old age was recognized by many eminent physicians. In contemporary society, the increased life span has made it a problem of public health. The section "Evaluation and Physiology of Exercise" presents data indicating the beneficial effect of exercise on the fitness of the skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular systems. The section contains well-designed longitudinal studies that show that while aging itself cannot be altered, its effect on bodily functions can be softened. Much evidence is given that a high level of cardiovascular fitness is best achieved when good exercise habits are acquired in young adulthood. Stress is laid on the necessity
816 THE CLEARANCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) IN HYDRODYNAMIC INJECTION MOUSE MODEL BY POLYINOSINIC-POLYCYTIDYLIC ACID (POLYIC) TREATMENT IS DEPENDENT ON INTERFERON-GAMMA
Authors: J. Wu, M. Chen, Y. Xia, C. Sun, Y. Lin, J. Wang, Y. Guo, B. Wang, J. Song, M. Lu, D. Yang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Multifactorial T-cell Hypofunction That Is Reversible Can Limit the Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Transduced Human T cells in Solid Tumors
Authors: Edmund K. Moon, Liang-Chuan Wang, Douglas V. Dolfi, Caleph B. Wilson, Raghuveer Ranganathan, Jing Sun, Veena Kapoor, John Scholler, Ellen Puré, Michael C. Milone, Carl H. June, James L. Riley, E. John Wherry, Steven M. Albelda
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Immunotherapy using vaccines or adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is limited by T-cell functional inactivation within the solid tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a similar tumor-induced inhibition occurred with genetically modified cytotoxic T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) targeting tumor-associated antigens. Experimental Design: Human T cells expressing CAR targeting mesothelin or fibroblast activation protein and containing CD3ζ and 4–1BB cytoplasmic domains were intravenously injected into immunodeficient mice bearing large, established human mesothelin-expressing flank tumors. CAR TILs were isolated from tumors at various time points and evaluated for effector functions and status of inhibitory pathways. Results: CAR T cells were able to traffic into tumors with varying efficiency and proliferate. They were able to slow tumor growth, but did not cause regressions or cures. The CAR TILs underwent rapid loss of functional activity that limited their therapeutic efficacy. This hypofunction was reversible when the T cells were isolated away from the tumor. The cause of the hypofunction seemed to be multifactorial and was associated with upregulation of intrinsic T-cell inhibitory enzymes (diacylglycerol kinase and SHP-1) and the expression of surface inhibitory receptors (PD1, LAG3, TIM3, and 2B4). Conclusions: Advanced-generation human CAR T cells are reversibly inactivated within the solid tumor microenvironment of some tumors by multiple mechanisms. The model described here will be an important tool for testing T cell–based strategies or systemic approaches to overcome this tumor-induced inhibition. Our results suggest that PD1 pathway antagonism may augment human CAR T-cell function. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4262–73. ©2014 AACR.
FRACTURE OF OS TRIGONUM: REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Roland Meisenbach
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In reporting these two cases, it may be well to understand that an os trigonum occurs more frequently than is recognized and that its fracture is not unusual. Cases that have shown the presence of an os trigonum are usually those in which foot symptoms other than static errors are pronounced. I have seen an os trigonum mistaken for an exostosis, spur, hypertrophie exuberance or other condition and, in many cases, entirely overlooked. In a careful diagnosis of foot conditions, an os trigonum, when present, may play a more important rôle than is generally supposed. The two cases reported here clearly illustrate the points in question. These two cases have occurred in a relatively short interval among a large number of foot cases presenting definite symptoms. In these cases, the os trigonum frequently appeared in various forms, but it was fractured only in the ones reported. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3>
IMIPRAMINE THERAPY OF DEPRESSIVE SYNDROMES
Authors: LEON REZNIKOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

Forty patients suffering from various depressive syndromes had been treated with imipramine hydrochloride for a period of 3 to 12 months. Remissions and marked improvement had been obtained in 80% of cases. The effect of the drug is apparent in 2 to 4 weeks after beginning of therapy, and in some cases it is noticeable even after a few days. Imipramine is effective regardless of long duration of the depression. The relief of depressive feelings is not dramatic and sudden, as with ECT, but rather gradual. In refractory patients with a tendency to relapse, the drug had been administered in reduced dosage for 12 months, and apparently can be continued indefinitely; this is a distinct advantage over ECT, since ambulatory patients inevitably after a few courses of ECT resist further attempts at maintenance, or preventive ECT. In none of the 40 patients did imipramine have to be discontinued because of side effects, although several patients complained of dryness of the mouth, profuse perspiration, constipation, dizziness, blurred vision and hot flushes.
Experience with Silastic prostheses in the rheumatoid hand. A 5-year follow-up.
Authors: A G Kay, J V Jeffs, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who had Silastic prostheses (Swanson's) introduced into 34 metacarpophalangeal joints, were reviewed 5 years after surgery. The most important long-term advantage conferred by the introduction of prostheses was pain relief; functional benefit was marginal. The majority of prostheses eventually fractured but this did not necessarily lead to a functional deterioration. Impairment of function was usually the result of loss of flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints, but it was sometimes due to excessive instability after fracture of the prostheses. It is suggested that Silastic joint replacement may be a worthwhile procedure in rheumatoid patients with moderate destruction or deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joints when pain is a predominant feature. Significant functional improvement can be anticipated only when secondary to pain relief.
McCourt's Early Study of Cancer Treatment by Toxins
Authors: J. W. Wallheim
Journal: JAMA (1910)

To the Editor:—  A rereading of your editorial on  Hodenpyl, a True Scientist (The Journal, May 14, 1910, p. 1618), and the article of J. W. Vaughan (May 7, 1910, p. 1510) describing the treatment of cancer by the cancer residue, recalls to my mind the earlier work of Dr. P. J. McCourt. Dr. McCourt for a long time treated malignant neoplasms by a diluted glycerin solution of their toxins. The remedy was administered per os. Some very encouraging results were reported, including some apparent cures. A point much insisted on by Dr. McCourt and worthy attention of other investigators is that the remedy used should represent the toxins, not only of the neoplasm but of other complicating affections, such as syphilis, tuberculosis, etc.  At the time when Dr. McCourt began his work, the immunity theory was not distinctly worked out, so that his work appears to us
Potassium rectifier currents differ in myocytes of endocardial and epicardial origin.
Authors: T Furukawa, S Kimura, N Furukawa, A L Bassett, R J Myerburg
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments and single-channel current recordings in cell-attached patch mode were performed on enzymatically dissociated single ventricular myocytes harvested from feline endocardial and epicardial surfaces. The studies were designed to compare the characteristics of inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) and delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) between endocardial and epicardial cells and to test the hypothesis that the differential characteristics of IK1 and/or IK are responsible for the differences in action potential configuration between the two cell types. IK1 in endocardial cells displayed a distinct N-shaped current-voltage (I-V) relation, with a prominent outward current at potentials between -80 and -30 mV. In epicardial cells, an outward current region was much smaller, and the I-V relation demonstrated a blunted N-shaped I-V relation. In single-channel current recordings in cell-attached patch mode, neither unitary current amplitude of IK1 nor probability of channel opening was different between endocardial and epicardial cells, suggesting that the difference in the number of functional channels might be responsible for the differential IK1 I-V relations. The characteristics of IK also differed between endocardial and epicardial cells. The time course of growth of tail current of IK (IK,tail) (activation of IK) was significantly enhanced and that of IK,tail deactivation was delayed in epicardial cells compared with endocardial cells. The time constant of the slow component of IK activation at +20 mV was 3,950 +/- 787 msec in endocardial cells and 2,746 +/- 689 msec in epicardial cells (p less than 0.05); the corresponding values for IK deactivation at -50 mV were 1,041 +/- 387 msec and 1,959 +/- 551 msec, respectively (p less than 0.01). The voltage dependence of steady-state activation of IK,tail was similar between endocardial and epicardial cells, suggesting that the probability of channel opening at any potential was not different in the two cell types. The amplitude and density of fully activated IK (IK,full) were significantly greater in epicardial cells than in endocardial cells. At repolarization to -20 mV, IK,full amplitude was 452 +/- 113 pA in endocardial cells and 578 +/- 135 pA in epicardial cells (p less than 0.05), and the corresponding values for IK,full density were 2.86 +/- 0.73 and 4.21 +/- 0.83 microA/cm2, respectively (p less than 0.05). A nonstationary fluctuation analysis revealed that the amplitude of IK unitary current was similar between endocardial and epicardial cells (0.23 +/- 0.07 versus 0.22 +/- 0.03 pA, p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
AB0111 Development of anti–citrullinated protein antibody and rheumatoid factor isotypes in relation to smoking prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: W. Bos, L. van de Stadt, A. Sohrabian, J. Ronnelid, D. van Schaardenburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> We and others have previously shown that IgG anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) precede the development of RA.<sup>1, 2</sup> Furthermore, it was shown that other isotypes of ACPA (IgA, and to lesser extent the IgM isotype) also predate the onset of RA.<sup>3</sup> Moreover, smoking has been linked to the development of IgA ACPA in the preclinical phase.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Objectives</h3> To further assess the relationship between ACPA and RF isotypes and smoking in preclinical RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Multiple consecutive serum samples from 30 RA patients who had donated blood before disease onset were available for analysis. Per patient, 3 sequential pre-RA serum samples were selected and were tested for IgM, IgA and IgG ACPA and RF isotypes as described previously.<sup>3</sup> Smoking status (current or past smoker versus never smoked) was obtained retrospectively by chart review and was available for 24 patients. <h3>Results</h3> For IgA ACPA, 57% of the initial samples was positive. This percentage increased tot 75% in the last pre-diagnosis sample. All but one patient was positive for IgG ACPA at all time points. For IgM ACPA, only 20% of patients were initially positive, this increased to 43 % in the last pre-diagnosis sample (table 1). The median ACPA levels rose from 11 to 21, 24 to 394 and 32 to 50 AU/ml for IgA, IgG and IgM, respectively (p 0,07, 0,002 and 0,07, respectively [Kruskal Wallis Test]). For RF, 67% of the initial samples were positive for IgA, and 13% and 47% for IgG and IgM, respectively. These percentages increased in time to 87%, 37% and 83% of patients, respectively(table 1). The median RF levels rose from 15 to 47, 10 to 29 and 5 to 39 AU/ml for IgA, IgG and IgM, respectively (p 0.04, 0.009 and 0.002, respectively [Kruskal Wallis Test]). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In the preclinical phase of RA, IgG ACPA comes first, followed by IgA, and later by IgM. For RF the IgG subtype seems to appear after IgA and IgM. Furthermore, ACPA and RF levels of all isotypes rise over time prior to the clinical diagnosis of RA. Finally, smoking seems to influence both IgA APCA and IgA RF levels, which is in line with the hypothesis that smoking induces or augments an IgA response in the lungs. These data are in line with earlier studies<sup>3</sup> and suggest an ongoing anti-citrulline immune stimulation in preclinical RA patients, which does not necessarily start in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. <h3>References</h3> Rantapää-Dahlqvist et al. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:2741-2749. Nielen et al Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:380-386. Kokkonen et al. Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy 2011, 13:R13 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Low dose dobutamine ECG gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging with Technetium 99-m sestamibi predicts myocardial viability: a prospective study
Authors: M.G. Levine, C.C. McGill, R.R. Azar, D.M. Cross, M.P. White, A.W. Ahlberg, D. Waters, G.V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Counselling is not appropriate for all patients with cancer
Authors: C. Moynihan, A. Horwich, J. Bliss
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Young makes important points in stating that psychological interventions differ in theory and practice1; each intervention must be defined so that the correct terminology is used by health professionals to facilitate appropriate interventions. She claims that our evaluation of the use of adjuvant psychological therapy in patients with cancer erroneously interchanged the terms “psychotherapy,” “counselling,” and “adjuvant psychological therapy,” and that we dismissed “the benefits …
Syphilitic Affections of the Nervous System: An Abstract of the Lettsomian Lectures delivered before the Medical Society of London
Authors: J. S. Bristowe
Journal: BMJ (1893)

ARTERIAL DISEASE (continued).DR. BtISTOWE commenced his second lecture by relating two cases of syphilitic disease of the arteries of the brain.In -one, a man aged 33, the symptoms resembled those of general paralysis of the insane; in the other, a woman aged 46, the 'main symptoms were those of chronic dementia.This second case, which had been under the care of Mr. Bell-Irving, pre- -sented symptoms which pointed to softening or tumour of the pons; there was relative weakness of the right arm and leg, -and conjugate deviation of the eyes to the same side; subse-
Delta-like 4 is the essential, nonredundant ligand for Notch1 during thymic T cell lineage commitment
Authors: Ute Koch, Emma Fiorini, Rui Benedito, Valerie Besseyrias, Karin Schuster-Gossler, Michel Pierres, Nancy R. Manley, Antonio Duarte, H. Robson MacDonald, Freddy Radtke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Thymic T cell lineage commitment is dependent on Notch1 (N1) receptor–mediated signaling. Although the physiological ligands that interact with N1 expressed on thymic precursors are currently unknown, in vitro culture systems point to Delta-like 1 (DL1) and DL4 as prime candidates. Using DL1- and DL4-lacZ reporter knock-in mice and novel monoclonal antibodies to DL1 and DL4, we show that DL4 is expressed on thymic epithelial cells (TECs), whereas DL1 is not detected. The function of DL4 was further explored in vivo by generating mice in which DL4 could be specifically inactivated in TECs or in hematopoietic progenitors. Although loss of DL4 in hematopoietic progenitors did not perturb thymus development, inactivation of DL4 in TECs led to a complete block in T cell development coupled with the ectopic appearance of immature B cells in the thymus. These immature B cells were phenotypically indistinguishable from those developing in the thymus of conditional N1 mutant mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that DL4 is the essential and nonredundant N1 ligand responsible for T cell lineage commitment. Moreover, they strongly suggest that N1-expressing thymic progenitors interact with DL4-expressing TECs to suppress B lineage potential and to induce the first steps of intrathymic T cell development.
Beer, Breast-feeding, and the Wisdom of Old Wives
Authors: Elmer R. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —In the Oct 16, 1987, issue of JAMA , 1 a physician asks if there is any scientific basis for the use of beer by lactating women as a stimulant to milk production. The four consultants agree that there is no such evidence, apparently having overlooked two pertinent studies. De Rosa et al 2 gave equal amounts of beer and ethanol to 11 normal women and showed significant increases in serum prolactin from mean basal levels of 11.6 ng/mL to mean peak levels of 27.1 ng/mL within 30 minutes of drinking 1 L of 6% ethanol-containing beer. There was no significant change after drinking 6% ethanol solution or sparkling water. Carlson et al 3 gave 800 mL of beer that contained 4.5% ethanol to five men and seven women and an equal amount of nonalcoholic beer to one woman. In men, the prolactin levels increased from a mean
A SIMPLE BLOOD STAIN
Authors: Frank W. Lacy
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —Being dependent on a rather uncertain source for distilled water suitable for use with Wright's or Jenner's blood stains, I have finally found a method with which both power house distilled water and tap water may be used with success. Neither waters are filtered before use.  Webster's Diagnostic Methods, Edition 5, and Simon's Clinical Diagnosis, Edition 9, give different methods of preparing and using Pappenheim's panoptic stain, and by combining parts of each formula and method I have hit on a stain that is quick, clean and reliable (so far) for blood.  From Simon I make up Giemsa stain thus:    Dyes are ground up in the alcohol and added to the glycerin. To 150 c.c. of the foregoing solution I add 100 c.c. of Jenner's stain (1.5:1) and use thus:  I fix blood smears by immersion in this stain in a Coplin staining jar for one minute,
TRANSFER DESTINATIONS AND RISK FACTORS FOR NO FOLLOW-UP AND ‘NO APPROPRIATE FOLLOW-UP’ IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AFTER LEAVING PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY
Authors: Eva Goossens, Ine Stephani, Deborah Hilderson, Marc Gewillig, Werner Budts, Kristien Van Deyk, Philip Moons
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Structure and function of the platelet integrin IIb 3
Authors: J. S. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is required for platelet aggregation. Like other integrins, αIIbβ3 resides on cell surfaces in an equilibrium between inactive and active conformations. Recent experiments suggest that the shift between these conformations involves a global reorganization of the αIIbβ3 molecule and disruption of constraints imposed by the heteromeric association of the αIIb and β3 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. The biochemical, biophysical, and ultrastructural results that support this conclusion are discussed in this Review.