tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapy for Depression in Diabetes
Authors: Andrew F. Shorr, Franklin G. Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters6 July 1999Psychotherapy for Depression in DiabetesAndrew F. Shorr, MD, MPH and Franklin G. Miller, PhDAndrew F. Shorr, MD, MPHWalter Reed Army Medical Center; Washington, DC 20307 (Shorr)University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA 22903 (Miller)Search for more papers by this author and Franklin G. Miller, PhDWalter Reed Army Medical Center; Washington, DC 20307 (Shorr)University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA 22903 (Miller)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Lustman and colleagues (1) compared CBT to no specific antidepressant treatment in diabetic patients with depression. Antidepressant medical therapy is the standard of care for the treatment of depression, and in an earlier study Lustman and colleagues reported that nortriptyline is effective for depression in diabetic patients (2). The design of this recent study is therefore ethically problematic in that the investigators withheld treatment from half of the participants. Although the investigators state that pharmacotherapy for depression may be poorly tolerated or insufficient in diabetic patients, this fact does not justify lack of treatment. Rather, as a ...References1. Lustman PJ, Griffith LS, Freedland KE, Kissel SS, Clouse RE. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:613-21. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lustman PJ, Griffith LS, Clouse RE, Freedland KE, Eisen SA, Rubin EH, et al . Effects of nortriptyline on depression and glycemic control in diabetes: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychosom Med. 1997;59:241-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Rothman KJ, Michels KB. The continuing unethical use of placebo trials. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:394-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Walter Reed Army Medical Center; Washington, DC 20307 (Shorr)University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA 22903 (Miller) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patrick J. Lustman , Linda S. Griffith , Kenneth E. Freedland , Sarah S. Kissel , and Ray E. Clouse Psychotherapy for Depression in Diabetes Patrick J. Lustman , Kenneth E. Freedland , and Ray E. Clouse Psychotherapy for Depression in Diabetes William Rifkin Metrics 6 July 1999Volume 131, Issue 1Page: 70KeywordsClinical trialsCognitive behavior therapyDrug research and developmentDrug therapyPatientsPsychiatry and mental health Issue Published: 6 July 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Physician's records and the chiropractor
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Science, debate, and compassion
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two meta-analyses in this week’s journal evaluate topics of particular interest to surgeons: anaesthesia and wound closure. Natalie Cooper and colleagues ask which is the best form of anaesthesia for women undergoing hysteroscopy as outpatients (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1130). From their meta-analysis of 15 randomised controlled trials, they conclude that neither instilling local anaesthetic into the vaginal cavity nor applying it topically to the cervix does much to reduce pain from the procedure. By comparison, intracervical injection works, but most effective of all is paracervical injection. We can have some confidence in their conclusions since the significant difference was most marked when only a sub-group …
Negativity bias and political preferences: A response to commentators
Authors: John R. Hibbing, Kevin B. Smith, John R. Alford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract A broad, multidisciplinary empirical literature reports that individual-level differences in psychology and biology map onto variation in political orientation. In our target article we argued that negativity bias can explain a surprisingly large share of these findings. The commentators generally support the negativity bias hypothesis but suggest theoretical and empirical revisions and refinements. In this response, we organize these proposals, suggestions, and criticisms into four thematic categories and assess their potential for furthering theories and empirical investigations of the bases for individual-variation in political ideology.
Indian doctors demand more specialisation seats and recognition for rural practice
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors and medical students in India have launched a nationwide campaign demanding that the number of postgraduate specialist training seats (or places) matches that of undergraduate seats at medical schools. 

The “Save the Doctors” campaign was launched in Bangalore on 29 July by the Indian Medical Association, the largest association of doctors in India, and the Association of Healthcare Providers in India, which represents about 4000 hospitals in the country. It urges the government to equalise the number of medical undergraduate and postgraduate seats and to include rural posts as part of internship and postgraduate courses.1

India produces more than 46 000 medical graduates every year and 22 000 specialist doctors, although only 12 000 specialists qualify in a clinical discipline. Speaking in 2012, prime minister Manmohan …
Differential regulation of antigen-induced IL-4 and IL-13 generation from T lymphocytes by IFN-α
Authors: David M. Essayan, Guha Krishnaswamy, Alfonso Oriente, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, Shau-Ku Huang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <b>Background:</b> IL-4 and IL-13 are related cytokines with similar functional properties. Differential regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 has not been described. <b>Objective:</b> We have examined the effects of IFN-α on antigen-driven proliferation, IL-4 generation, and IL-13 generation from human PBMCs and T-cell clones. <b>Methods:</b> Proliferation was assessed by <sup>3</sup>H-thymidine incorporation. Cytokine generation was assessed by reverse transcription PCR and ELISA. Messenger RNA stability was assessed in the presence of actinomycin D. <b>Results:</b> IFN-α induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of antigen-driven proliferation of T<sub>H1</sub> and T<sub>H2</sub> clones (median effective concentration, 150 to 200 U/mL); the sensitivity of T<sub>H1</sub> and T<sub>H2</sub> clones to IFN-α was not significantly different (<i>P</i> = .6). IFN-α induced an analogous concentration-dependent inhibition of antigen-driven IL-13 generation from T<sub>H1</sub> and T<sub>H2</sub> clones (median effective concentration, 100 U/mL); this effect was evident by 12 hours of culture and persisted beyond 48 hours. However, IL-4 generation from T<sub>H2</sub> clones was insensitive to IFN-α at all concentrations and times tested (1 to 10,000 U/mL). A similar inhibitory effect of IFN-α on mitogen-driven proliferation and IL-13 generation from PBMCs was demonstrated; once again, IL-4 generation from PBMCs was insensitive to IFN-α. IL-13 mRNA stability was unaffected by IFN-α, suggesting transcriptional regulation. <b>Conclusion:</b> IFN-α differentially regulates antigen-stimulated IL-4 and IL-13 generation. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:451-7.)
The challenge of disentangling reportability and phenomenal consciousness in post-comatose states
Authors: Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse, Marie-Aurélie Bruno, Serge Brédart, Alain Plenevaux, Steven Laureys
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Determining whether or not noncommunicative patients are phenomenally conscious is a major clinical and ethical challenge. Clinical assessment is usually limited to the observation of these patients' motor responses. Recent neuroimaging technology and brain computer interfaces help clinicians to assess whether patients are conscious or not, and to avoid diagnostic errors.
Analytical isomorphism and Marilyn Monroe
Authors: Robert Van Gulick
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Pessoa, Thompson &amp; Noë present compelling evidence in support of their central claims about the diversity of filling-in, but they embed those claims within a larger framework that rejects analytical isomorphism and uses the personal/subpersonal distinction to challenge the explanatory importance of filling-in. The latter views seem more problematic.
Recent Advances in Treatment of the Cancer Patient
Authors: Warren H. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1960)

More progress in the treatment of cancer has been made in the past 15 or 20 years than in many preceding decades. It has been shown that improving the nutritional status of the patient preoperatively will decrease morbidity and mortality. The tumor must be handled gently at the operating table as well as preoperatively. Soap-and-water preparation of the skin over a palpable tumor should be avoided. Irrigation of the wound with anticancer agents to kill cancer cells is effective in animals and deserves a trial in human beings. Blood vessels supplying the tumor area should be ligated early in the operation to prevent vascular spread of dislocated cells. Perfusion and adjuvant therapy deserve clinical trial, but better anticancer drugs must be found before dramatic results from these procedures can be expected.
The Abuse of Man: An Illustrated History of Dubious Medical Experimentation
Authors: P. Weindling
Journal: BMJ (2003)

After the Nuremberg trials Nazi experiments on humans were brushed aside as pseudoscience and as having nothing to do with mainstream medical research. Abuses in other countries could not be so dismissed, but here the culprit was generally held to be the state. If only, so the argument runs, the doctor would be free from the corrupting pressures of the state and ideology, the ethos of the doctor's duty of care would ensure that patients could never be exploited as human guinea pigs. Wolfgang Weyers Ardor Scribendi, $35, pp 756 ISBN 189335721X Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> But what if we accept that experimental abuses had plausible rationales? Some experiments might have more valid scientific reasons than others, but what if even the most gruesome research had some basis in medical science? Wolfgang Weyers offers an overview of human experiments from their origins in ancient medicine to modern times, written … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
A subpopulation of cells with unique electrophysiological properties in the deep subepicardium of the canine ventricle. The M cell.
Authors: S Sicouri, C Antzelevitch
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Recent studies have shown that canine ventricular epicardium and endocardium differ with respect to electrophysiological characteristics and pharmacological responsiveness and that these differences are in large part due to the presence of a prominent transient outward current Ito and a spike-and-dome morphology of the action potential in epicardium but not endocardium. In attempting to quantitate these differences and assess their gradation across the ventricular wall, we encountered a subpopulation of cells in the deep subepicardial layers with electrophysiological characteristics different from those of either epicardium or endocardium. These cells, which we have termed M cells, display a spike-and-dome morphology typical of epicardium but a maximal rate of rise of the action potential upstroke that is considerably greater than that of either epicardium or endocardium. Using the restitution of the amplitude of phase 1 of the action potential as a marker for the reactivation of Ito, we showed M cells to possess a prominent 4-aminopyridine-sensitive Ito with a reactivation time course characterized by two components with fast and slow time constants. The rate dependence of action potential duration of M cells was considerably more accentuated than that of epicardium or endocardium and more akin to that of Purkinje fibers (not observed histologically in this region). Phase 4 depolarization was never observed in M cells, not even after exposure to catecholamines and/or low [K+]o. In summary, our study presents evidence for the existence of a unique subpopulation of cells in the deep subepicardium of the canine left and right ventricles with electrophysiological features intermediate between those of conducting and myocardial cells. Although their function is unknown, M cells may facilitate conduction in epicardium and are likely to influence or mediate the manifestation of electrocardiographic J waves, T waves, U waves, and long QT intervals and contribute importantly to arrhythmogenesis.
THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN THE CELLS OF CANCEROUS AND OTHER HUMAN TUMORS
Authors: John Belling
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It has been stated that in certain human or mammalian tumors the number of chromosomes is much decreased, even to half. It has also been stated that the number of chromosomes is greatly increased in other tumors. But the correct number of chromosomes in man has been known only during the last few years, chiefly through the accurate microscopic work of de Winiwarter and of Painter. It is now certain that there are twenty-four pairs in the human female, including two sex chromosomes, and twenty-three pairs and one sex chromosome in the human male. (Painter believed that he had found also a small Y chromosome in the male. This Y, if present, is possibly blank for purposes of inheritance.) In view of the conflicting results of previous attempts at counting the chromosomes in dividing cells of malignant and benign human tumors, chromosomal counts are being
Resuscitating clinical research in the United Kingdom
Authors: J. Bell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Clinical research in Britain is in decline.A new report from the Academy of Medical Sciences sets out the action urgently needed to revitalise it Our knowledge of the basic mechanisms of disease has increased greatly over the past 20 years.A substantial gulf remains, however, between basic discoveries and converting such discoveries into innovations that can be applied to patients.This translational barrier can be bridged only through clinical research.Concerned at the state of clinical research in the United Kingdom, the Academy of Medical Sciences established a working group to identify the problems and suggest solutions.
A conditional piggyBac transposition system for genetic screening in mice identifies oncogenic networks in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Roland Rad, Lena Rad, Wei Wang, Alexander Strong, Hannes Ponstingl, Iraad F Bronner, Matthew Mayho, Katja Steiger, Julia Weber, Maren Hieber, Christian Veltkamp, Stefan Eser, Ulf Geumann, Rupert Öllinger, Magdalena Zukowska, Maxim Barenboim, Roman Maresch, Juan Cadiñanos, Mathias Friedrich, Ignacio Varela, Fernando Constantino-Casas, Aaron Sarver, Jelle ten Hoeve, Haydn Prosser, Barbara Seidler, Judith Bauer, Mathias Heikenwälder, Emmanouil Metzakopian, Anne Krug, Ursula Ehmer, Günter Schneider, Thomas Knösel, Petra Rümmele, Daniela Aust, Robert Grützmann, Christian Pilarsky, Zemin Ning, Lodewyk Wessels, Roland M Schmid, Michael A Quail, George Vassiliou, Irene Esposito, Pentao Liu, Dieter Saur, Allan Bradley
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Hospitals fail to check dementia patients' nutritional and mental status
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Nearly a third (30%) of hospital patients with dementia in England and Wales do not receive a nutritional assessment on admission and more than half (59%) do not have their mental status tested, according to the interim national audit of dementia in general hospitals.

The figures contrast with the fact that 96% of the hospitals surveyed said their policy was to provide nutritional assessments for people with dementia and 74% had a similar policy for checking mental status.

The audit was commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership and conducted by the Royal …
Lumen diameter of normal human coronary arteries. Influence of age, sex, anatomic variation, and left ventricular hypertrophy or dilation.
Authors: J T Dodge, B G Brown, E L Bolson, H T Dodge
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Precise knowledge of the expected "normal" lumen diameter at a given coronary anatomic location is a first step toward developing a quantitative estimate of coronary disease severity that could be more useful than the traditional "percent stenosis." METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-three arteriograms were carefully selected from among 9,160 consecutive studies for their smooth lumen borders indicating freedom from atherosclerotic disease. Of these, 60 men and 10 women had no abnormalities of cardiac function, seven men had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and six men had left ventricular hypertrophy associated with significant aortic stenosis. Lumen diameter was measured at 96 points in 32 defined coronary segments or major branches. Measurements were scaled to the catheter, corrected for imaging distortion, and had a mean repeat measurement error of 0.12 mm. When sex, anatomic dominance, and branch length were accounted for, normal lumen diameter at each of the standard anatomic points could usually be specified with a population variance of +/- 0.6 mm or less (SD) and coefficient of variation of less than 0.25 (SD/mean). For example, the left main artery measured 4.5 +/- 0.5 mm, the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) 3.7 +/- 0.4 mm, and the distal LAD 1.9 +/- 0.4 mm. For the LAD, lumen diameter was not affected by anatomic dominance (right versus left), but for the right coronary artery, proximal diameter varied between 3.9 +/- 0.6 and 2.8 +/- 0.5 mm (p less than 0.01) and for the left circumflex, between 3.4 +/- 0.5 and 4.2 +/- 0.6 mm (p less than 0.01). Women had smaller epicardial arterial diameter than men (-9%; p less than 0.001), even after normalization for body surface area (p less than 0.01). Branch artery caliber was unaffected by the anatomic dominance but increased with branch length, expressed as a fraction of the origin-to-apex distance (p less than 0.001). Lumen diameter was not affected by age or by vessel tortuosity but was significantly increased among men with left ventricular hypertrophy (+ 17%; p less than 0.001) or dilated cardiomyopathy (+ 12%; p less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is a reference normal data set against which to compare lumen dimensions in various pathological states. It should be of particular value in the investigation of diffuse atherosclerotic disease.
Cholesterol and Cancer
Authors: Siegfried Heyden
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The readers of the recent editorial "Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, and Cancer" by Richard J. Jones, MD (1981;245:2060), deserve to know more details about some studies that have led him to a warning with which he "reinforces doubts that we yet know enough about the consequences of lowering the serum cholesterol level to consider its reduction in the general population by either drug or dietary means." Dr Jones is citing the Los Angeles Veterans Administration study<sup>1</sup>as evidence of an increased risk "of both respiratory and gastrointestinal malignant neoplasms in the treatment group" without mentioning the obvious explanation of the difference in cancer mortality between the diet and the control group. Twelve cancer cases were recorded in men who adhered less than 20% of the time to the diet (adherence, calculated from attendance records, was expressed as a percentage of the maximum number of meals that could
Potentiation of the generation of reactive oxidants by human phagocytes during exposure to benoxaprofen and ultraviolet radiation in vitro
Authors: R. ANDERSON, H.A. EFTYCHIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the spontaneous membrane‐associated oxidative metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and mononuclear leukocytes (MNL), co‐incubated in the presence and absence of the non‐steroidal, anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) benoxaprofen at various concentrations, were investigated in vitro. Assays of superoxide generation and luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) were used to detect the production of reactive oxidants by PMNL and MNL. Benoxaprofen in the absence of UV radiation caused a dose‐related activation of superoxide production and CL by PMNL. Exposure of PMNL to UV radiation in the absence of benoxaprofen caused a slight increase in superoxide generation and an unsustained slight increase in CL within 10s. Exposure of both MNL and PMNL to UV radiation in the presence of benoxaprofen had a marked synergistic effect on both superoxide generation and CL. These effects were also achieved with UVA irradiation but were not detected when adherent cell depleted MNL or sodium fluoride (NaF) (10‐2 M) pulsed PMNL, or PMNL from children with chronic granulomatous disease, were used. The pro‐oxidative effects of benoxaprofen and UV radiation alone and in combination are dependent on intact phagocyte membrane‐associated oxidative metabolism. It is postulated that the pro‐oxidative interactions which occur between human phagocytes, benoxaprofen and ultraviolet radiation cause the dermatological side‐effects of benoxaprofen.