tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endocytoscopy provides an in vivo virtual histopathological diagnosis of Whipple's disease
Authors: D. Watanabe, S. Kudo, S. Hayashi, Y. Mori, K. Kodama, K. Wakamura, H. Miyachi, F. Yamamura, K. Ohtsuka, T. Mikogami, S. Kimura, K. Fukuchi, N. Ikehara
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Whipple's disease is a rare multisystem malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Whipple's disease shows pathognomonic findings on endoscopy, previously described as pale yellow shaggy mucosa [1]. Histopathology often reveals widening and flattening of the villi and infiltration of dilated lacteals. Recently, other studies have reported further endoscopic characteristics of Whipple's disease [2] [3] [4].
Administrative Overload as a Cause of Diagnostic Error
Authors: Edward Volpintesta
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Diverse effects of Glut 4 ablation on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in red and white skeletal muscle.
Authors: A E Stenbit, R Burcelin, E B Katz, T S Tsao, N Gautier, M J Charron, Y Le Marchand-Brustel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The ability of muscles from Glut 4-null mice to take up and metabolize glucose has been studied in the isolated white EDL and red soleus muscles. In EDL muscles from male or female Glut 4-null mice, basal deoxyglucose uptake was lower than in control muscles and was not stimulated by insulin. In parallel, glycogen synthesis and content were decreased. Soleus muscles from male Glut 4-null mice took up twice more deoxyglucose in the absence of insulin than control muscles, but did not respond to insulin. In females, soleus deoxyglucose uptake measured in the absence of hormone was similar in Glut 4-null mice and in control mice. This uptake was stimulated twofold in Glut 4-null mice and threefold in control mice. Basal glycogen synthesis was increased by 4- and 2.2-fold in male and female null mice, respectively, compared to controls, and insulin had no or small (20% stimulation over basal) effect. These results indicate that while EDL muscles behaved as expected, soleus muscles were able to take up a large amount of glucose in the absence (males) or the presence of insulin (females). Whether this is due to a change in Glut 1 intrinsic activity or targeting and/or to the appearance of another glucose transporter remains to be determined.
The Influence of Age, Duration of Diabetes, Cataract, and Pupil Size on Image Quality in Digital Photographic Retinal Screening
Authors: Peter Henry Scanlon, Chris Foy, Raman Malhotra, Stephen J. Aldington
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the effect of age, duration of diabetes, cataract, and pupil size on the image quality in digital photographic screening. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Randomized groups of 3,650 patients had one-field, nonmydriatic, 45° digital retinal imaging photography before mydriatic two-field photography. A total of 1,549 patients were then examined by an experienced ophthalmologist. Outcome measures were ungradable image rates, age, duration of diabetes, detection of referable diabetic retinopathy, presence of early or obvious central cataract, pupil diameter, and iris color. RESULTS—The ungradable image rate for nonmydriatic photography was 19.7% (95% CI 18.4–21.0) and for mydriatic photography was 3.7% (3.1–4.3). The odds of having one eye ungradable increased by 2.6% (1.6–3.7) for each extra year since diagnosis for nonmydriatic, by 4.1% (2.7–5.7) for mydriatic photography irrespective of age, by 5.8% (5.0–6.7) for nonmydriatic, and by 8.4% (6.5–10.4) for mydriatic photography for every extra year of age, irrespective of years since diagnosis. Obvious central cataract was present in 57% of ungradable mydriatic photographs, early cataract in 21%, no cataract in 9%, and 13% had other pathologies. The pupil diameter in the ungradable eyes showed a significant trend (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the three groups (obvious cataract 4.434, early cataract 3.379, and no cataract 2.750). CONCLUSIONS—The strongest predictor of ungradable image rates, both for nonmydriatic and mydriatic digital photography, is the age of the person with diabetes. The most common cause of ungradable images was obvious central cataract.
Multiple aggressive squamous skin cancers in association with nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
Authors: V.L. Brown, P.B.J. Farrant, R.J. Turner, M.L. Price, S.M. Burge
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBCIE) is one of the autosomal recessive inherited non-syndromic ichthyoses and is currently diagnosed on clinical grounds alone. Skin cancer is not a recognized complication of NBCIE. We report here two NBCIE patients who have developed multiple aggressive nonmelanoma skin cancers, predominantly cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. NBCIE may be a risk factor for skin cancer development.
Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Roger Chou, Jennifer M. Croswell, Tracy Dana, Christina Bougatsos, Ian Blazina, Rongwei Fu, Ken Gleitsmann, Helen C. Koenig, Clarence Lam, Ashley Maltz, J. Bruin Rugge, Kenneth Lin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Screening can detect prostate cancer at earlier, asymptomatic stages, when treatments might be more effective. Purpose: To update the 2002 and 2008 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evidence reviews on screening and treatments for prostate cancer. Data Sources: MEDLINE (2002 to July 2011) and the Cochrane Library Database (through second quarter of 2011). Study Selection: Randomized trials of prostate-specific antigen–based screening, randomized trials and cohort studies of prostatectomy or radiation therapy versus watchful waiting, and large observational studies of perioperative harms. Data Extraction: Investigators abstracted and checked study details and quality using predefined criteria. Data Synthesis: Of 5 screening trials, the 2 largest and highest-quality studies reported conflicting results. One found that screening was associated with reduced prostate cancer–specific mortality compared with no screening in a subgroup of men aged 55 to 69 years after 9 years (relative risk, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.98]; absolute risk reduction, 0.07 percentage point). The other found no statistically significant effect after 10 years (relative risk, 1.1 [CI, 0.80 to 1.5]). After 3 or 4 screening rounds, 12% to 13% of screened men had false-positive results. Serious infections or urine retention occurred after 0.5% to 1.0% of prostate biopsies. There were 3 randomized trials and 23 cohort studies of treatments. One good-quality trial found that prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer decreased risk for prostate cancer–specific mortality compared with watchful waiting through 13 years of follow-up (relative risk, 0.62 [CI, 0.44 to 0.87]; absolute risk reduction, 6.1%). Benefits seemed to be limited to men younger than 65 years. Treating approximately 3 men with prostatectomy or 7 men with radiation therapy instead of watchful waiting would each result in 1 additional case of erectile dysfunction. Treating approximately 5 men with prostatectomy would result in 1 additional case of urinary incontinence. Prostatectomy was associated with perioperative death (about 0.5%) and cardiovascular events (0.6% to 3%), and radiation therapy was associated with bowel dysfunction. Limitations: Only English-language articles were included. Few studies evaluated newer therapies. Conclusion: Prostate-specific antigen–based screening results in small or no reduction in prostate cancer–specific mortality and is associated with harms related to subsequent evaluation and treatments, some of which may be unnecessary. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Myocardial Infarction following Surgical Operations
Authors: P. R. Hunter, P. Endrey-Walder, G. E. Bauer, F. O. Stephens
Journal: BMJ (1968)

One hundred and forty-one randomly selected surgical patients, aged 35 years or over, were studied preoperatively, followed through their operative procedures, and reassessed during the first post-operative week for evidence of myocardial ischaemia associated with surgical operations under general anaesthesia. Of these patients 38% were found to have preoperative clinical evidence of heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes; 45% had abnormal preoperative E.C.G. patterns.Three patients experienced myocardial infarction during or within 36 hours of operation, all of the occult type; all were in the preoperative abnormal groups. Non-specific postoperative E.C.G. changes were equally common in the groups of patients with normal or abnormal preoperative electrocardiograms.A relationship existed between a rise in serum lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H.) concentration and the field of the operation, but the diagnosis of infarction was not confused provided serum L.D.H. isoenzyme patterns and a rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase (S.G.O.T.) levels were consistent with the diagnosis.
Practice guidelines on NAFLD
Authors: Melissa Palmer
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

I read with interest the practice guidelines on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),1 in which the authors fail to reference the association between high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and NAFLD. The intake of HFCS, a combination of glucose and fructose, has increased over time and parallels both the obesity and NAFLD epidemics.2 Numerous studies demonstrate that the mechanism by which HFCS causes NAFLD is due to fructose. In animal models, fructose causes steatosis and fibrosis3, 4 by either increasing hepatic lipogenesis, causing activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase,5 activating inflammatory pathways,6 or up-regulating the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP).7 In humans, excessive fructose intake can lead to increased hepatic lipid deposition, greater insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia.8 NAFLD patients have been found to drink more HFCS soft drinks compared with healthy controls.9 A retrospective analysis of 341 NAFLD adults found that those consuming high fructose diets had more fibrosis than those consuming low fructose diets.10 A prospective controlled trial with histologic endpoints is needed to define the amount of HFCS safe for NAFLD patients and to determine the extent to which fructose contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. However, there are currently sufficient data to recommend that NAFLD patients refrain from excessive consumption of HFCS. Melissa Palmer M.D.*, * New York University, Dix Hills, NY.
Yellow nail syndrome: not a genetic disorder? Eleven new cases and a review of the literature
Authors: S.R. Hoque, S. Mansour, P.S. Mortimer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is characterized by the triad of characteristic nail changes, chronic respiratory disorders and primary lymphoedema. Over 100 cases have been published, most of which have been sporadic. Despite this, YNS is classified as a dominantly inherited lymphoedema with variable expression. There have been only a few published reports where a positive family history (FH) has been documented in cases of YNS.To conduct a retrospective survey investigating the genetic basis of YNS.The notes of 11 patients diagnosed with YNS were examined for documentation of a positive FH, and in addition a postal questionnaire was sent to these patients.Only one of the 11 patients had a relevant FH. In addition, four patients had complete recovery of their nail changes.This is the first retrospective study of YNS to document clear remission of nail changes. The lack of a positive FH in the majority of patients in our study, the late onset of the disease and recovery of nail changes in our patients suggest that YNS may not be primarily a genetic disease as it is currently classified.
Heat shock proteins induce T cell regulation of chronic inflammation
Authors: F Hauet-Broere, L Wieten, T Guichelaar, S Berlo, R van der Zee, W Van Eden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

The significance of immune responses to certain heat shock proteins (HSPs) that develop in virtually all inflammatory diseases is only now becoming clear. In experimental models, HSPs prevent or arrest inflammatory damage, and initial clinical trials in chronic inflammatory disease have shown HSP peptides to promote production of anti-inflammatory cytokines—indicating immunoregulatory potential. HSPs are ubiquitous self-antigens that are highly expressed in inflamed tissues. The prokaryotic homologous proteins, present in every bacterial species, are dominantly immunogenic. This is striking, especially as these proteins have large areas of sequence homologies with the host (mammalian) counterparts. In several experimental models of autoimmune diseases, immunisation with bacterial HSPs inhibited disease development, as did oral/nasal administration. Based on the experimental evidence so far, it is tempting to speculate that: firstly, exposure to homologues of these self-antigens, as present in, for instance, the bacterial intestinal flora, has a decisive impact on the regulation of self-tolerance at the level of T cells; and secondly, such proteins or their derivative peptides may have a role in an antigen specific immunotherapy approach involving modulation of relevant T cells, without the immediate necessity of defining disease specific autoantigens. Recent findings in experimental asthma and atherosclerosis have indicated that the field of application of such immunotherapy can be broader than just autoimmunity.
Test Your Knowledge: Ten Questions about Abnormal Cerebrospinal Fluid Results
Authors: Gavin Yamey, William Lynn, Susan Lightman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2004)

Online Quiz Question 1. Which of the following is an abnormal cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) fi nding?A glucose level that is less than 50% of the plasma glucose level A protein level of less than 0.5 g/l A cell concentration of 0-5 cells/µl Question 2. Which of the following CSF results suggests fungal meningitis?Elevated CSF neutrophil count, raised protein, and low glucose Elevated protein, 20 lymphocytes/µl, and normal glucose Moderately elevated CSF lymphocyte count of 200 cells/µl, raised protein, and low glucose
Effects of NCPAP therapy on fibrinogen levels in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Authors: K Chin, M Ohi, H Kita, T Noguchi, N Otsuka, T Tsuboi, M Mishima, K Kuno
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the blood coagulation system may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, which occur most frequently in the morning. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) treatment can improve the mortality of patients with OSAS. We measured the plasma fibrinogen concentration, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, in the afternoon (3:30 P.M.) and the next morning upon awakening (8:30 A.M.) in 11 patients with OSAS (apnea and hypopnea index > 20) before and after NCPAP therapy. We also measured the hematocrit, the C-reactive protein, and the total plasma protein at the same time. The plasma fibrinogen and hematocrit levels in the morning (298 +/- 16 mg/dl and 48.5 +/- 1.5%, mean +/- SEM) were significantly higher than on the previous afternoon (275 +/- 14 mg/dl and 46.6 +/- 1.3%) (fibrinogen, p < 0.02; hematocrit, p < 0.005). The whole blood viscosity (WBV) at a shear rate of 208 inverse seconds, which can be predicted based on the hematocrit and total plasma protein, was also significantly higher in the morning (4.98 +/- 0.20/s) than in the afternoon (4.73 +/- 0.17/s) (p < 0.005). These increases in the plasma fibrinogen concentration and the WBV in the morning disappeared after NCPAP treatment. The attenuation of morning increases in the plasma fibrinogen concentration and WBV induced by NCPAP treatment may contribute to an overall improvement in the mortality from cardiovascular events in patients with OSAS.
Fluctuations of serum and bile lipid concentrations during the menstrual cycle.
Authors: T S Low-Beer, A C Wicks, K W Heaton, P Durrington, J Yeates
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We measured fasting serum and bile lipid concentrations at three intervals during the normal menstrual cycles of 11 healthy women not taking oral contraceptives. In nine of them cholesterol saturation of bile, and therefore presumably the risk of developing gall stones, was higher nine days after midcycle than at the end of menstruation. This change in bile cholesterol saturation was preceded by a significant fall in serum lipid concentrations: during the nine days after mid-cycle serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations fell in nine and eight of the 11 women respectively. Changes in the composition of serum and biliary lipids during the menstrual cycle are presumably due to a direct effect of sex hormones on the liver.
Comparative study of photosensitizer loaded and conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles for cancer therapy
Authors: So Jin Lee, Heebeom Koo, Hayoung Jeong, Myung Sook Huh, Yongseok Choi, Seo Young Jeong, Youngro Byun, Kuiwon Choi, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Detection of<i>APC</i>Mutations in Fecal DNA from Patients with Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Giovanni Traverso, Anthony Shuber, Bernard Levin, Constance Johnson, Louise Olsson, David J. Schoetz, Stanley R. Hamilton, Kevin Boynton, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Noninvasive methods for detecting colorectal tumors have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease. The mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that initiate colorectal tumors theoretically provide an optimal marker for detecting colorectal tumors. The purpose of our study was to determine the feasibility of detecting APC mutations in fecal DNA with the use of newly developed methods.
Quantitative assessment of circulatory changes in the fetal aortic isthmus during progressive increase of resistance to umbilical blood flow.
Authors: P Bonnin, J C Fouron, G Teyssier, S E Sonesson, A Skoll
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of impairment to placental flow on flow patterns through the aortic isthmus because in the fetus, this vascular segment is the link between the parallel vascular systems perfused by the left and right ventricles. METHODS AND RESULTS A progressive increase in resistance to blood flow through the placenta was created in seven exteriorized fetal lambs by mechanical umbilical vein compression. Blood flows were measured in the ascending aorta, pulmonary artery, aortic isthmus, and umbilical artery at baseline and at each compression level. The severity of the levels of compression was determined by changes in the flow profile through the umbilical artery. An increase in placental resistance causing a fall in umbilical blood flow of approximately 50% was associated with a retrograde diastolic flow through the aortic isthmus even though the diastolic flow through the umbilical artery remained forward. Because of the systolic predominance, however, the net flow in the isthmus was forward. With a more severe increase in placental resistance corresponding to a decrease of 75% in umbilical blood flow, the net flow through the isthmus approached zero. A strong positive correlation was found between the umbilical blood flow and the net flow through the aortic isthmus (r = .89). CONCLUSIONS Variations in Doppler blood flow velocity waveforms and integrals of the aortic isthmus can be used as a sensitive indicator of the state of the umbilical circulation.
Coverage for cancer treatment extended to poor women in US
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The US House of Representatives has overwhelmingly passed a bill that will provide medical coverage to women on low incomes seeking treatment for breast and cervical cancer.

The bill, which would become the Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Act, still has to be passed by the Senate. It drew widespread bipartisan support and was passed by the House with a vote of 421-1. It grew out of the recognition that federally financed breast and cervical cancer screening programmes for poor women were available but that if these cancers were diagnosed, no coverage was provided …
Colonoscopy and polypectomy with a side-viewing endoscope
Authors: E. Frimberger, S. Delius, T. Rösch, R. Schmid
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Some colorectal polyps cannot be adequately viewed using forward-viewing colonoscopes because of their location behind mucosal folds or bends in the bowel. We performed polypectomy using side-viewing duodenoscopes for these problematic polyps in order to avoid incomplete polypectomy or the need for surgical intervention.Between April 2000 and August 2003, polypectomy with a side-viewing endoscope was intended in 15 patients (seven men, eight women; mean age 63.7 years, median age 59 years, range 38-88 years) at our institution. In all these patients, polypectomy had been attempted previously with a forward-viewing colonoscope by at least one experienced endoscopist without success. The duodenoscope was advanced with slight bending of the tip to achieve a sloped forward view.Colorectal polyps were macroscopically completely removed in 11/15 patients. One polyp near the ileocecal valve could only be partially removed with the side-viewing endoscope; and one large flat rectal adenoma, one recurrent rectal polyp (after a previous incomplete conventional polypectomy), and one polyp near the ileocecal valve could not be removed. We observed no procedure-related complications. Endoscopic follow-up was possible in seven of the 11 patients in whom the polyps were successfully resected, with no evidence of recurrence (mean follow-up 27 months).Polypectomy with the side-viewing duodenoscope is a safe and effective method. It is a therapeutic option when polyps are not adequately accessible using a conventional approach.
Regulation of TMPRSS6 by BMP6 and iron in human cells and mice
Authors: Delphine Meynard, Valentina Vaja, Chia Chi Sun, Elena Corradini, Shanzhuo Chen, Carlos López-Otín, Lovorka Grgurevic, Charles C. Hong, Marit Stirnberg, Michael Gütschow, Slobodan Vukicevic, Jodie L. Babitt, Herbert Y. Lin
Journal: Blood (2011)