tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Albumin, Bilirubin, and Uric Acid and the Anatomic Site-Specific Incidence of Colon Cancer
Authors: W.-F. Ko, K. J. Helzlsouer, G. W. Comstock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Serum Albumin, Bilirubin, and Uric Acid and the Anatomic Site-Specific Incidence of Colon Cancer Get access Wei-Fang Ko, Wei-Fang Ko Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Kathy J. Helzlsouer Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, Md Correspondence to : Kathy J. Helzlsouer, M.D., M.H.S., Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George W. Comstock George W. Comstock Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 24, 21 December 1994, Pages 1874–1875, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.24.1874 Published: 21 December 1994 Article history Received: 03 June 1994 Revision received: 12 September 1994 Accepted: 21 September 1994 Published: 21 December 1994
Survival of liver failure pigs by transplantation of reversibly immortalized human hepatocytes with Tamoxifen-mediated self-recombination
Authors: Toshinori Totsugawa, Chen Yong, Jorge David Rivas-Carrillo, Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez, Nalú Navarro-Alvarez, Hirofumi Noguchi, Teru Okitsu, Karen A. Westerman, Michinori Kohara, Michael Reth, Noriaki Tanaka, Philippe Leboulch, Naoya Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Comparison of the frequency and outcomes of investigator assessed recurrent mi versus Clinical Event Committee (CEC) adjudicated recurrent mi in acute MI trials: a TIMI 14 and TIMI 9 substudy
Authors: Sabina A. Murphy, Robert P. Giugliano, Graham Wong, Christopher P. Cannon, Elliott M. Antman, Michael Gibson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Internet doctor put patients at risk, GMC is told
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A GP who became one of Britain's first doctors to offer consultations over the internet was this week accused at a GMC hearing of irresponsible prescribing.

Julian Eden, of St John's Wood, London, was interviewed by the BBC in 2000 as “the first doctor in the UK to offer both a diagnosis and prescriptions to patients over the internet.” He is the founder and medical director of e-med (http://e-med.co.uk), a website offering private medical services online.

But Dafydd Enoch, counsel for the GMC, said the service put patients at risk. “In this case you will hear that Dr Eden was consulted by highly vulnerable patients,” he told the hearing. “The striking similarity is the complete lack of any appropriate questions and the lack of any face to face consultation.”

“While his pockets were being lined, the patients were being drawn into dependency and …
Tomorrow's Doctors
Authors: Toni Martin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ABSTRACT Tomorrow's Doctors is a video produced for the lay audience, which explores changes in the medical school curriculum over the last 20 years. The writer-producer Jamie Guth attributes some of these changes to the increasing diversity of the students themselves: older, more women, more minorities.In the first part of the video we meet four of the new students, two women who chose a part-time pathway at Dartmouth Medical School because of their families, a Chinese student from Brooklyn, and a fourth-year male student weighing the time commitments required in surgery and family practice. There is a discussion of the influence of educational debt on specialty choice. The average student owes $42 000 at graduation, some up to $100 000.In the second part of the video, Guth, who narrates, travels to Harvard, Dartmouth, and the University of Massachusetts to demonstrate how medical schools are adapting to the twin challenges
Screening Mammography and Risk of Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: Karla Kerlikowske
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —The letter by Dr Werneke emphasizes several important points of our recent publication. 1 Our study addressed the ability of mammography to detect breast cancer and not whether undergoing screening mammography reduces death from breast cancer. In other words, it provides information for patients and their physicians on how well breast cancer shows up on mammography, but does not address whether finding these cancers actually saves lives. Since our study addressed the detection of breast cancer and not the efficacy of mammography, we explicitly did not make a recommendation about screening for women aged 40 to 49 years, as misconstrued by some news agencies. We stated that fewer interval cancers may be missed with annual screening mammography rather than biennial examinations and that this needs to be weighed against the increased chance of false-positive examinations. We did not infer that fewer interval cancers will result in saved lives. Among women
Hepatitis C–related cirrhosis: A predictor of diabetes after liver transplantation
Authors: Dave L. Bigam, Jason J. Pennington, Andre Carpentier, Ian R. Wanless, Alan W. Hemming, Ruth Croxford, Paul D. Greig, Leslie B. Lilly, Jenny E. Heathcote, Gary A. Levy, Mark S. Cattral
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has recently been suggested to be a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the prevalence of diabetes is increased among liver transplant recipients infected with HCV. We compared the prevalence of diabetes among 278 liver transplant recipients whose original cause of liver failure was HCV infection (110 patients), hepatitis B virus infection (HBV; 53 patients), and cholestatic liver disease (CLD; 115 patients). The pretransplantation prevalence of diabetes was higher in the HCV group (29%) compared with the HBV (6%) and CLD (4%) groups (P <.001). The prevalence of diabetes remained higher in the HCV group 1 year after transplantation: 37%, 10%, and 5% in the HCV, HBV, and CLD groups, respectively (P <.001). The cumulative steroid dose during the first year of transplantation was significantly lower in the HCV group compared with the CLD group. Multivariate analysis revealed that HCV-related liver failure (P =.002), pretransplantation diabetes (P <.0001), and male sex (P =.019) were independent predictors of the presence of diabetes 1 year after transplantation. The high prevalence of diabetes persisted in the HCV group, with 41% diabetic at 5 years. The majority of patients with diabetes mellitus (89%) required insulin therapy after transplantation. Patient and graft survival rates were similar among patients with and without diabetes. In conclusion, our study shows that there is a high prevalence of diabetes among liver transplant recipients infected with HCV both before and after transplantation.
Subclinical Seizures as a Pitfall in 18F-FDG PET Imaging of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Bashir Akhavan Tafti, Mark Mandelkern, Gholam Reza Berenji
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 61-year-old man with history of heroin abuse, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hypertension was evaluated for seizures. MRI findings were concerning for temporal epilepsy. A brain 18F-FDG PET study showed a hypermetabolic focus in the left temporal lobe, although the patient was asymptomatic during the scan. Later review of electroencephalography recordings revealed a subclinical seizure during imaging. A whole-body 18F-FDG PET scan performed 4 days later for cancer screening purposes, during which the electroencephalography tracings were normal, showed no abnormal metabolic activity in the brain.
Statins protect against fulminant pneumococcal infection and cytolysin toxicity in a mouse model of sickle cell disease
Authors: Jason W. Rosch, Angela R. Boyd, Ernesto Hinojosa, Tamara Pestina, Yunming Hu, Derek A. Persons, Carlos J. Orihuela, Elaine I. Tuomanen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by intravascular hemolysis and inflammation coupled to a 400-fold greater incidence of invasive pneumococcal infection resulting in fulminant, lethal pneumococcal sepsis. Mechanistically, invasive infection is facilitated by a proinflammatory state that enhances receptor-mediated endocytosis of pneumococci into epithelial and endothelial cells. As statins reduce chronic inflammation, in addition to their serum cholesterol-lowering effects, we hypothesized that statin therapy might improve the outcome of pneumococcal infection in SCD. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in an experimental SCD mouse model and found that statin therapy prolonged survival following pneumococcal challenge. The protective effect resulted in part from decreased platelet-activating factor receptor expression on endothelia and epithelia, which led to reduced bacterial invasion. An additional protective effect resulted from inhibition of host cell lysis by pneumococcal cholesterol-dependent cytotoxins (CDCs), including pneumolysin. We conclude therefore that statins may be of prophylactic benefit against invasive pneumococcal disease in patients with SCD and, more broadly, in settings of bacterial pathogenesis driven by receptor-mediated endocytosis and the CDC class of toxins produced by Gram-positive invasive bacteria.
Percutaneous Implantation of the CoreValve Self-Expanding Valve Prosthesis in High-Risk Patients With Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Eberhard Grube, Jean C. Laborde, Ulrich Gerckens, Thomas Felderhoff, Barthel Sauren, Lutz Buellesfeld, Ralf Mueller, Maurizio Menichelli, Thomas Schmidt, Bernfried Zickmann, Stein Iversen, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The morbidity and mortality of surgical aortic valve replacement are increased in elderly patients with multiple high-risk comorbid conditions. Therefore, a prospective, single-center, nonrandomized study was performed in high-risk patients with aortic valve disease to evaluate the feasibility and safety of percutaneous implantation of a novel self-expanding aortic valve bioprosthesis (CoreValve).Symptomatic high-risk patients with an aortic valve area <1 cm2 were considered for enrollment. CoreValve implantation was performed under general anesthesia with extracorporeal support using the retrograde approach. Clinical follow-up and transthoracic echocardiography were performed after the procedure and at days 15 and 30 after device implantation to evaluate short-term patient and device outcomes. A total of 25 patients with symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (mean gradient before implantation, 44.2+/-10.8 mm Hg) and multiple comorbidities (median logistic EuroScore, 11.0%) were enrolled. Device success and procedural success were achieved in 22 (88%) and 21 (84%) patients, respectively. Successful device implantation resulted in a marked reduction in the aortic valve gradients (mean gradient after implantation, 12.4+/-3.0 mm Hg; P<0.0001). The mean aortic regurgitation grade was unchanged. Major in-hospital cardiovascular and cerebral events occurred in 8 patients (32%), including mortality in 5 patients (20%). Among 18 patients with device success surviving to discharge, no adverse events occurred within 30 days after leaving the hospital.Percutaneous implantation of the self-expanding CoreValve aortic valve prosthesis in high-risk patients with aortic stenosis with or without aortic regurgitation is feasible and, when successful, results in marked hemodynamic and clinical improvement.
Anesthesia and Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Richard G. Belatti
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  The recent CONSENSUS CONFERENCE entitled Prevention of Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 1 is an admirable review of what is known concerning perioperative risk and management of a potentially life-threatening complication. It may interest the authors and readers, however, to learn that the choice of anesthetic may have a significant influence on the development of thromboembolic complications in surgical patients.  Several authors 2-5 have investigated the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients undergoing hip surgery or prostatectomy and receiving either general or regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural). In patients receiving general anesthesia, venous thromboses were detected by iodine 125-fibrinogen scanning or phlebography in 51% to 77%. Clinically identifiable pulmonary emboli were evident in 33% to 47%. In comparison groups of patients receiving regional anesthesia, the incidence of DVT and PE fell to 12% to 40% and 10% to 13%, respectively. In
Nuchal translucency---screening without consent
Authors: J. Venn-Treloar
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It was during a pregnancy four years ago that I became aware of nuchal translucency. As a doctor with postgraduate training in obstetrics, I thought that I would understand quite a lot about my obstetric care.

During a scan I became aware that the ultrasonographer was spending a lot of time viewing round the back of the baby's head. “I'm just measuring fluid around the back of the neck,” was the not unreasonable response to my question. It was only after the baby's birth that I learnt what was being measured and studied.

I realised how close I had been to the receipt of non-specific information from a test that I had not consented to. If the baby had had Down's syndrome I could have …
Blockade of cardiac inflammation in Mg2+ deficiency by substance P receptor inhibition.
Authors: W B Weglicki, I T Mak, T M Phillips
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

In previous work we reported the elevation of circulating inflammatory cytokines in rodents maintained on a Mg(2+)-deficient diet. Within the first week of Mg2+ deficiency, significant elevation of the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) occurs. The present study was designed to assess the effects of SP receptor blockade by CP-96,945 and its inactive enantiomer CP-96,344 on tissue cytokine levels and in vivo oxidative indexes. CP-96,345 had no significant effect on circulating levels of SP or CGRP; however, at the tissue level, a significant decrease (P &lt; .01) in myocardial accumulation of SP occurred; the inactive enantiomer was only slightly effective. In addition, CP-96,345 significantly reduced (by 53%) the accumulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (but not interleukin-1 and interleukin-6) within the lesions; the effect of the enantiomer was insignificant. We conclude that treatment with CP-96,345 inhibits SP and TNF-alpha tissue levels in cardiac lesions, indicating a linkage between this neuropeptide and TNF-alpha. Both SP and TNF-alpha can trigger free radical production; plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive materials were elevated 2.5-fold and red blood cell reduced glutathione was reduced 55% during Mg2+ deficiency. In the presence of CP-96,345, both indexes of in vivo oxidation were significantly attenuated; the enantiomer was ineffective. These latter observations point to a neuropeptide/TNF-alpha/free radical-triggered mechanism that may be the major pathway of systemic oxidative injury inducing the cardiomyopathic lesions seen during Mg2+ deficiency.
Israeli cancer patients resume hunger strike
Authors: Merav Sarig
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Patients with colorectal cancer and their families have renewed a hunger strike in front of the Knesset building in Jerusalem to protest against the exclusion of Erbitux (cetuximab) from the health insurance benefits package. They maintain that when they ended their previous strike they were promised that the drug would be included.

Four months ago, patients with colorectal cancer mounted the strike to protest at the exclusion of Avastin (bevacizumab) and cetuximab from a package of treatments which included only “life saving” rather than “life prolonging” chemotherapy alongside preventive measures ( BMJ 2006;332:1352, 10 Jun). Politicians …
The Knife Man: The Extraordinary Life and Times of John Hunter, Father of Modern Surgery
Authors: Jonathan Goddard
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Wendy Moore is a journalist and she begins with a racy story of the saving of a coachman's leg from the amputation knife. 'The coachman's knee' is the first of the sensational chapter titles, which include 'The professor's testicle' and 'The surgeon's penis'. But don't let these put you off: her writing style makes the book an easy and exciting read. Furthermore, for those of us greedy for details and explanations, the 70 pages of references and notes show this to be a scholarly and well-researched work. Ms Moore possesses not only the skills of a journalist but also those of a medical historian; she holds a Diploma in the History of Medicine from The Society of Apothecaries.

The book takes you into the dirty, seedy and bad world of the eighteenth century; the world of John Hunter. What you find in him is not the scholarly stuffy professor you might expect but a cantankerous quick-tempered grave robber, an overworked and bitter army surgeon and a science addict who almost bankrupted himself with his obsessive collections. John Hunter's life style, we learn, was the inspiration for Dr Dolittle and Dr Jekyll and perhaps even Mr Hyde.

Looking back now at John Hunter we tend to see a hero of progressive surgery. In his time, however, he was an irritant to many and frankly hated by some—a thorn in the establishment's side with only a select few seeing him as the great scientist he was. Moore uses the works of previous biographers carefully and well, in particular the writings of Jesse Foot. Foot truly hated Hunter; every negative point seems to come from his pen. I still see Hunter as a hero, but I can't wait to add Foot's biography to my library. That is in fact what Moore's book does for me; it makes me want to know more. I want to go to the newly refurbished Hunterian museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, I want to go to his brother William's museum in Glasgow and I want to read more about John Hunter and his times.

If you have an interest in Hunter, medical history or the eighteenth century, you should read this book. Even if not, read it for the good story it is.
Police look abroad for expert to advise on case of alleged salt poisoning
Authors: Jonathan Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Wiltshire police investigating unspecified allegations against a paediatrician at Southampton General Hospital are seeking expert medical evidence outside the UK.The case concerns a paediatrician who was involved in the care of a child whose mother was later charged with murder.Marianne Williams, then 22, was charged in 2004 with the murder of her 15 month old son, Joshua Taylor, whom she was alleged to have poisoned with salt.She was found not guilty in October last year after a six week trial at Winchester Crown Court.Wiltshire police officers are also under investigation for their role in the case.The Independent Police Complaints Commission said that it was "midway through" an investigation into a complaint about the conduct of the criminal investigation.Six officers had been served with official notice of the inquiry, although "this in no way implies guilt or wrongdoing on the part of any officer," the commission said.Detective Superintendent James Vaughan, the officer leading the Wiltshire force's inquiry into the allegations against the doctor, confirmed that Wiltshire Police would not be seeking medical advice in the case from any British doctors-a claim posted on the website forum Mothers Against Munchausen Allegations."In order to maintain the confidence of Joshua's family, and to identify an independent specialist who has had no connection with this or any other similar sets of circumstances in the United Kingdom, it has been necessary to seek assistance from overseas," Detective Superintendent Vaughan said.This was, he insisted, "not a reflection on the Wiltshire police's confidence in the United Kingdom experts."However, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said it was "confident that we have eminent experts in the UK who can offer an independent and authoritative opinion." Police look abroad for salt case expertUK NEWS Remedy UK loses court case, p1134
CN-14 * RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ISCHEMIC CEREBRAL STROKES IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH A GLIOBLASTOMA DURING THE COURSE OF A BEVACIZUMAB TREATMENT
Authors: C. Maurice, W. P. Mason
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Bevacizumab is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor approved in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. It prolongs progression-free survival, improes radiologic response and contributes to reduce the dose of dexamethasone required to control peritumoral edema. Arterial and venous thromboembolic events represent significant toxicities related to the use of angiogenesis inhibitors. Various mechanisms could be implicated in bevacizumab-related strokes, as cardioembolic, lacunar stroke related to hypertension, deep venous thrombosis passing through a patent foramen ovale, pro-coagulant effect of the underlying glioblastoma and radiation-induced damages on peritumoral vessels. The characterization of the risk factors and stroke mechanisms is primordial since bevacizumab is currently used in the treatment of glioblastoma and VEGF receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors are actually in clinical trials for malignant gliomas. The prevention and optimal treatment of strokes depend on a precise description of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved. This retrospective study is performed with the collaboration of Roche to evaluate in detail risk factors and stroke mechanisms in the population of patients diagnosed with a glioblastoma who presented an ischemic cerebral stroke during the course of a bevacizumab treatment. The impact of the stroke on the overall survival and the location of the infarct in relation to the tumor emplacement will also be evaluated. This project will be completed in time for the SNO meeting, since we received the official approval from Roche and the ethics committee of Princess Margaret Hospital.
Conjoined thoracopagus twins.
Authors: W D Edwards, D R Hagel, J Thompson, C M Whorton, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1977)

A case of vaginally delivered stillborn female thoracopagus conjoined twins is presented. Each twin had a cleft lip and cleft palate. They shared a common pericardial sac and a common abdominal cavity. The liver was conjoined, and the small bowel was common to both twins. One twin was asplenic. Although the twins were monozygotic, their viscera were neither identical nor mirror-image to each other, and the visceral anomalies were unique to each twin. The hearts were fused, and communications existed between the circulations at the atrial and ventricular levels. One twin had single atrium, solitary (right) ventricle, malposed great arteries, pulmonary valvular atresia and infundibular stenosis, right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery and with left ductus arteriosus, and atresia of the common pulmonary vein. The other twin had two atrial septal defects of the fossa ovalis and sinus venosus types, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, persistent left superior vena cava to coronary sinus, solitary (left) ventricle, malposed great arteries, and left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery and with left ductus arteriosus. There was atrial and ventricular fusion. On hypothetical grounds, and in a comparable anatomic situation, salvage of one twin might be possible by surgical means, while the other twin was sacrificed.