tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary wedge pressure in relation to spontaneously visible and recruitable collaterals.
Authors: B Meier, P Luethy, L Finci, G D Steffenino, W Rutishauser
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Coronary angiography demonstrates only collateral arteries that are already in use (spontaneously visible collaterals). Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) provides an opportunity to uncover collaterals ready to become functional in case of occlusion of the recipient artery (recruitable collaterals). The incidence of recruitable collaterals and their relation to the distal pressure in the occluded artery (coronary wedge pressure) during a 30 sec or longer balloon occlusion was assessed in 57 coronary arteries of 49 patients undergoing PTCA for a proximal coronary stenosis or occlusion. Collateral to 75% of the arteries were present. Spontaneously visible collaterals were four times as frequent as recruitable collaterals. Coronary wedge pressure was significantly higher in arteries with spontaneously visible and recruitable collaterals (41 +/- 12 and 36 +/- 12 mm Hg, respectively) than in arteries without collaterals (18 +/- 4 mm Hg). A coronary wedge pressure of 30 mm Hg or higher was found exclusively in the presence of collaterals. Electrocardiographic changes during balloon occlusion were found more frequently with arteries without collaterals than with arteries with spontaneously visible or recruitable collaterals. Chest pain was more frequent in patients without collaterals or with recruitable collaterals than in those with spontaneously visible collaterals. Major in-hospital events occurred in three patients with collaterals, with a salutary influence of the collaterals in two. The coronary wedge pressure allows prediction of recruitable collaterals. Their clinical impact remains to be investigated in long-term studies on large patient populations.
Lipids infused into the jejunum accelerate small intestinal transit but delay ileocolonic transit of solids and liquids
Authors: J Hammer, K Hammer, K Kletter
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Various nutrients are known to alter small intestinal motility patterns although their effect on transit of fluids and solids in man is not clear. Aims —To determine small intestinal transit of solids and liquids during perfusion with lipids, protein, and non-energy solutions. Methods —Twenty eight healthy volunteers received a jejunal infusion (1 ml/ minute for 30 minutes) of one of four solutions: a lipid or a protein solution (4.18 J/ml), a non-absorbable electrolyte solution containing polyethylene glycol, or 0.9% sodium chloride. As solid phase marker 1 g of amberlite resin pellets labelled with 111 InCl 3 was added; 99m Tc DTPA was used as a fluid phase marker. Images were obtained on a gamma camera at 10 minute intervals for four hours or until all radiolabel was detected in the colon. Results —Intestinal transit of solids and liquids from the duodenojejunal junction to the caecum was simultaneous, and independent of the energy content of the solution infused. Lipid infusion accelerated transit through the small intestine but delayed transport of chyme along the ileocolonic junction. After protein small intestinal transit was slowest; ileocolonic transit on the other hand was fastest with protein. Transit of the non-energy solutions was in between that of the nutrient solutions. Conclusions —Transit times through the small intestine and the ileocolonic junction were influenced by the luminal contents. In the small intestine fat induced significantly faster transit compared with proteins, but delayed ileocolonic transit. Once in the small intestine, solids and liquids transit the small bowel together, independent of the luminal content.
Measurement of Renin Activity in Human Plasma
Authors: PETER T. PICKENS, F. MERLIN BUMPUS, A. MURRAY LLOYD, ROBERT R. SMEBY, LRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

A method is described for estimating plasma renin activity by using renin substrate present in plasma. This method differs from other indirect renin assay methods by (1) incubation in the absence of ions thus establishing conditions for zero order kinetics for the reaction between endogeneous renin and substrate and (2) the use of angiotensinase inhibitors di-sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid ( EDTA ) and d-isopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Recoveries of renin added to plasma in levels similar to those occurring in plasma are 85% SD ±7%. The incubation was done at pH 5.5 which was shown to be the optimum for human renin reacting with human substrate. By incubating human plasma samples with known quantities of human renin, evidence was obtained suggesting that factors other than enzyme or total substrate concentrations affect the velocity of angiotensin formation. This variability of reaction rate may be explained by the existence of an inhibitor or activator in this system or by a variation in the type of substrate.
Psychiatry and Primary Care Forge New Bonds
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

"PRIMARY CARE physicians don't care about psychiatric problems." "Psychiatrists don't know much about somatization." Chafing under such stereotypes while conceding there is some truth to them, primary care physicians and psychiatrists alike worked to break down barriers to communication in several sessions at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). "Helping primary care physicians learn our language isn't always enough. We have to learn their language, too," asserted John Urbaitis, MD, chief of psychiatry at Sinai Hospital of Baltimore (Md), and codirector of a course on the role of psychiatrists in primary care. Although psychiatrists may be asked to consult on hospitalized medical patients, people stay in the hospital today only for acute stabilization. While in the hospital, Urbaitis said, they are too sick to do much talking or creative thinking about their psychosocial life. Psychiatrists must do more cooperative evaluations and care of patients in primary care
Abstract 3681: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor inhibited mutated epidermal growth factor receptor-driven tumors ex vivo and in vivo
Authors: Toshio Kubo, Kadoaki Ohashi, Masahiro Osawa, Hiromasa Takeda, Eiki Ichihara, Takashi Ninomiya, Nagio Takigawa, Shingo Harita, Yasunari Nakata, Mitsune Tanimoto, Katsuyuki Kiura
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We previously established a non-smoking-related lung cancer mouse model employing an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) L858R transgenic mouse using an SP-C promoter. The mice developed pulmonary atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), multifocal adenocarcinoma, and died due to multiple invasive lung tumors at 4, 7, and approximately 40 weeks of age, respectively. We demonstrated the marked chemopreventive effect of gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in a non-smoking-related lung cancer mouse model and presented a novel concept of molecular targeted chemoprevention of lung cancer in non-smokers. In this study, we focused on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) -2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a non-smoking-related lung cancer mouse model. Surprisingly, we found that VEGFR-2 and EGFR were activated in the transgenic mice at 3 weeks of age by Western blotting, before the histological detection of AAH and adenocarcinoma. And fluorescent immunostaining of lung tissues in transgenic mice showed activation of VEGFR-2 occurred in tumor cells themselves or cells in an initial stage of carcinogenesis, not only in vascular endothelial cells. We also found that VEGFR-2 was activated in the lung cancer cell lines (PC-9, H3255) harboring EGFR mutation, and that EGFR-L858R transfected 293T cells expressed more phosphorylated VEGFR-2 than non-transfected 293T cells. EGFR-L858R-transfected 293T cells were more sensitive than non-transfected 293T cells to cediranib (Recentin), a pan-VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In this mouse model, cediranib (5 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week, 12 weeks, p.o.) inhibited surface lung tumors (long axis diameter &amp;gt;1 mm, 0 ± 0.4 versus 4.9 ± 3.2, p &amp;lt; 0.01); however, cediranib could not completely suppress tumor formation microscopically. If VEGFR-2 is activated during an early phase of carcinogenesis due to EGFR mutations, these data suggest that inactivation of VEGFR-2 may be effective in preventing carcinogenesis of non-smoking-related lung cancer. These findings provide t the new concept of VEGFR-2 role in chemoprevention. Recentin (cediranib) is a trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3681. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3681
Mortally Wounded: Stories of Soul Pain, Death and Healing
Authors: C. Regnard
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Michael Kearney Mercier, £9.99, pp 191 ISBN 1 86023 033 4

This is a moving journey through the fears that face our patients and lie beneath our everyday surface. Kearney feels we live increasingly separated from the intuitive side of our nature and that our “fix it” approach fails when faced with deep fears. He believes that only by helping patients to give space to those deep fears will they achieve the dignity of accepting help. He describes how he uses imagery to help them reach down into those fears and illustrates this …
Depression and Survival Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Warren G. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study on depression and MI contains important new data.<sup>1</sup>However, I have two concerns. First of all, by choosing to dichotomize variables, the authors lost important information. Ejection fraction should have been considered as a continuous variable, and more levels of smoking, Killip class, and education should have been used. The authors' argument would be strengthened by repeating their analysis using ejection fraction as a continuous variable. The treating physicians were not made aware of the diagnosis of depression. The "Methods" section states that the data were not analyzed until 3 months after the last patient was admitted to the study. "Thus, blinding researchers and clinicians to the DIS [National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule] results did not constitute an ethical problem." Failure to analyze the data is insufficient justification for withholding potentially important information (as the authors point out, depression is frequently
Shift work is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Shift work is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, according to a meta-analysis that showed the highest risk was in men and in people working rotating shift patterns.1

Research has previously shown that, compared with working a standard daytime work schedule, shift work—which is defined as working irregular or unusual working hours—is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer …
Abstract LB-330: Therapeutic activity of a combination of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (anti-B7-H1, CD137 and OX40) on a c-myc-driven spontaneous transgenic model of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Aizea Morales-Kastresana, Miguel F. Sanmamed, Inmaculada Rodriguez, Asis Palazon, Ivan Martinez-Forero, Sara Labiano, Sandra Hervas-Stubbs, Bruno Sangro, Carmen Ochoa, Arantza Azpilikueta, Elixabet Bolaños, Ines Gütgemann, Ignacio Melero
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Several immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (ISmAbs) that derepress and unleash antitumor immune responses are showing efficacy in cancer clinical trials. MAbs anti-B7-H1 (PD-L1) block a critical inhibitory pathway for T cells, while antibodies anti-CD137 and OX40 provide intense T cell costimulation. Documenting efficacy of immunotherapies on spontaneous tumors arising in oncogene transgenic mice is considered more predictive than experiments on transplanted tumors. A combination of these ISmAbs has been tested on a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous primary liver cancer in which c-myc drives transformation and the tumor cells express ovalbumin as a surrogate transgenic antigen. The induced tumor lymphocyte infiltrates and immune mechanisms of action were studied. The triple combination of mAbs clearly extended survival of mice bearing hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and synergized with adoptive T cell therapy with activated TCR-transgenic T cells that recognize OVA. Mice undergoing therapy showed a clear increase in the tumor tissue infiltration by activated and blastic CD8 T lymphocytes expressing the ISmAb-targeted receptors. The triple combination of ISmAbs did not result in enhanced OVA-specific CTL activity but other antigens in cell lines derived from such HCC were recognized by the elicited tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes. Indeed adoptive transfer of OT-1 cells to tumor bearing mice resulted in their tolerization, unless the triple mAb therapy was instigated. Our results emphasize the role of combinational immunotherapy approaches including ISmAbs to impact on agressive and highly T cell-tolerizing hepatocellular carcinomas. Citation Format: Aizea Morales-Kastresana, Miguel F. Sanmamed, Inmaculada Rodriguez, Asis Palazon, Ivan Martinez-Forero, Sara Labiano, Sandra Hervas-Stubbs, Bruno Sangro, Carmen Ochoa, Arantza Azpilikueta, Elixabet Bolaños, Ines Gütgemann, Ignacio Melero. Therapeutic activity of a combination of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (anti-B7-H1, CD137 and OX40) on a c-myc-driven spontaneous transgenic model of hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-330. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-330
Some physiological and pathological effects of moderate carbon monoxide exposure.
Authors: P Astrup
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Carbon monoxide is produced from technological and natural sources in an estimated global amount of at least 250 million tons a year. Fuel combustion by motor vehicles is the major source. The gas is released to the air, and since the background level does not increase it is assumed that oxidation to carbon dioxide takes place in the upper atmosphere. /Author/
Antitumor Activity of the Antimicrobial Peptide Magainin II against Bladder Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Jan Lehmann, Margitta Retz, Sukhvinder S. Sidhu, Henrik Suttmann, Michael Sell, Friedrich Paulsen, Jürgen Harder, Gerhard Unteregger, Michael Stöckle
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Structural Evidence of T Cell Xeno-reactivity in the Absence of Molecular Mimicry
Authors: Rui Zhao, Douglas J. Loftus, Ettore Appella, Edward J. Collins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The T cell receptor (TCR), from a xeno-reactive murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone AHIII12.2, recognizes murine H-2Db complexed with peptide p1027 (FAPGVFPYM), as well as human HLA-A2.1 complexed with peptide p1049 (ALWGFFPVL). A commonly proposed model (the molecular mimicry model) used to explain TCR cross-reactivity suggests that the molecular surfaces of the recognized complexes are similar in shape, charge, or both, in spite of the primary sequence differences. To examine the mechanism of xeno-reactivity of AHIII12.2, we have determined the crystal structures of A2/p1049 and Db/p1027 to 2.5 A and 2.8 A resolution, respectively. The crystal structures show that the TCR footprint regions of the two class I complexes are significantly different in shape and charge. We propose that rather than simple molecular mimicry, unpredictable arrays of common and differential contacts on the two class I complexes are used for their recognition by the same TCR.
The Role of 99mTc HMPAO Functional Brain Imaging in Detection of Cerebral Radionecrosis
Authors: Simin Dadparvar, Jingbo Wang, Muhammad M. Gillan, Edward Bartolic, Sandra P. Koffler, Traci L. Minard, R. N. Walter, J. Slizofski, Curtis Miyamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Dadparvar, Simin M.D.; Wang, Jingbo M.D.; Gillan, Muhammad M. M.D.; Bartolic, Edward Ph.D.; Koffler, Sandra P. Ph.D.; Minard, Traci L.; Walter, R. N.; Slizofski, J. M.D.; Miyamoto, Curtis M.D. Author Information
872 RETROVIRAL INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS IDENTIFIED THE SERINE-THREONINE KINASE RIPK4 AS PUTATIVE NOVEL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN HUMAN HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
Authors: D. Heim, K. Cornils, B. Fehse, A.W. Lohse, T.H. Brümmendorf, H. Wege
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Improved pain, physical functioning and health status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with CP-690,550, an orally active Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: J H Coombs, B J Bloom, F C Breedveld, M P Fletcher, D Gruben, J M Kremer, R Burgos-Vargas, B Wilkinson, C A F Zerbini, S H Zwillich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of CP-690,550 in improving pain, function and health status in patients with moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to methotrexate or a tumour necrosis factor α inhibitor. Methods: Patients were randomised equally to placebo, CP-690,550 5, 15 or 30 mg twice daily for 6 weeks, with 6 weeks’ follow-up. The patient’s assessment of arthritis pain (pain), patient’s assessment of disease activity, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) were recorded. Results: At week 6, significantly more patients in the CP-690,550 5, 15 and 30 mg twice-daily groups experienced a 50% improvement in pain compared with placebo (44%, 66%, 78% and 14%, respectively), clinically meaningful reductions in HAQ-DI (⩾0.3 units) (57%, 75%, 76% and 36%, respectively) and clinically meaningful improvements in SF-36 domains and physical and mental components. Conclusions: CP-690,550 was efficacious in improving the pain, function and health status of patients with RA, from week 1 to week 6.
Is continued enthusiasm for ursodeoxycholic acid therapy for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis warranted?
Authors: Russell H. Wiesner
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

ABSTRPlCT Background. In primary biliary cirrhosis the hepatic lesions may result, at least in part, from the intracellular accumulation of potentially toxic endogenous bile acids. Preliminary work suggests that the administration of ursodiol (also called ursodeoxycholic acid), a hydrophilic bile acid without hepatotoxicity, leads to improvement in the condition of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Methods. We conducted a two–year, multicenter, double–blind trial to compare the efficacy of ursodiol with that of placebo. Patients with biopsy–proved primary biliary cirrhosis were randomly assigned to receive either ursodiol (13 to 15 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) (n = 73) or placebo (n = 73). Treatment failure was defined as a doubling of bilirubin levels to more than 70 μmol per liter or the occurrence of a severe complication (ascites or variceal bleeding) or an adverse reaction. Results. Treatment failed in 6 patients in the ursodiol group, as compared with 13 in the placebo group (P &lt; 0.01 by Cox regression model). A single patient in each group withdrew because of minor adverse effects. After two years of treatment, the proportion of patients with clinically overt disease decreased only in the ursodiol group (P &lt; 0.02). The patients treated with ursodiol had significant improvements in serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ–glutamyltransferase, cholesterol, and IgM (all P &lt; 0.001); the antimitochondrial–antibody titer (P &lt; 0.01); and the Mayo risk score (P &lt; 0.001). Follow–up analysis of 95 liver–biopsy specimens showed a significant improvement in the mean histologic score (P &lt; 0.002) and in all the characteristic histologic features except fibrosis only in the group given ursodiol. Conclusions. Ursodiol is a safe and effective treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis.
Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured
Authors: Howard Dean
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —You are to be congratulated for your outstanding edition on universal health insurance (May 15, 1991). It was well-organized and well thought out, and I deeply appreciate your attention to this topic. As one of the few politicians in this country who practices medicine, I'd like to share the following observations. There are two major faults with many of these plans. The first is that a number of them rely on continuation of the Medicare program. Any practicing physician will tell you that the Medicare program is a disaster. It underreimburses the physicians, it undercompensates the insured patients, and its bureaucracy and interference with medical practice are demoralizing. Second, the major shortcoming of many plans (including that of the American Medical Association) is the lack of serious provision for cost containment. That also applies to the Pepper Commission and many of the other plans that rely on
The influence of salt intake on the metabolic acidosis of chronic renal failure
Authors: G H Espinel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The influence of dietary salt on the levels of plasma bicarbonate and on the characteristics of bicarbonate reabsorption was studied in experimental chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure was produced in rats by sequential partial nephrectomies. The control group received a diet constant in salt content throughout the progression of renal failure; the other group (PRNa), at each stage of renal failure, received salt intake reduced in direct proportion to the fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In the steady state, the quantities of urinary sodium closely approximated intake in obth groups of animals. The adaptive increased natriuresis per nephron exhibited by the control animals was prevented in the PRNa animals. The PRNa group had (a) higher plasma bicarbonate levels, (b) increased bicarbonate thresholds, and (c) increased maximal tubular reabsorptive capacity for bicarbonate. As renal failure progresses, dietary salt can become a determining factor of the levels at which plasma bicarbonate is maintained. Proportional reduction of dietary salt results in bicarbonate conservation in rats with experimental progressive renal failure.