tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antipyretic drugs for children
Authors: Alastair D Hay, Niamh Redmond, Margaret Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (2006)

key objective over the next two or three years is to create a dynamic environment for research and development within which doctors can work with suppliers and others on the new electronic services, can continue to innovate after the initial services have been delivered, and can, if necessary, take part in decisions to amend or stop unsuccessful developments.Staff working on the programme face a dilemma, however.How can they retain the advantages of the central procurement arrangements while at the same time encouraging localism?The answer may be for Connecting for Health, the agency responsible for the programme, to become a regulator.The agency could stop directing implementation centrally and could become responsible for encouraging good working relationships between suppliers and clinicians.In this way the agency would retain its role in monitoring compliance with multibillion pound contracts while letting clinicians and suppliers get on with development.It would also have an ongoing role in protecting the wider public interest on matters such as patient confidentiality.This arrangement might help to allay some clinicians' natural fears that their concerns will not be taken into account in the rush to computerisation.
Drainage sous échoendoscopie des pseudokystes, abcès et collections pancréatiques. Résultats d'une étude rétrospective chez 142 patients
Authors: M Giovannini, E Bories, C Pesenti, F Caillol, JR Delpero
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Le traitement des pseudokystes et collections pancréatiques est le plus souvent non chirurgical. Récemment l'échoendoscopie thérapeutique a permis de traiter des collections qui n'entrainaient pas de compression du tube digestif. Nous rapportons ici notre expérience sur une importante série de 142 drainages sous échoendoscopie.
Ustekinumab Associated With Flares of Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Emily F. Stamell, Allison Kutner, Kate Viola, Steven R. Cohen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the shared p40 subunit of interleukin (IL) 12 and IL-23. It is approved in the United States for adults (>18 years) with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy. In 1 phase 2 trial of ustekinumab for treatment of psoriatic arthritis, joint disease improved.We report 4 cases of ustekinumab monotherapy for plaque psoriasis that resulted in disabling flares of known psoriatic arthritis or unmasked previously occult joint disease. In all of our cases, psoriasis improved dramatically with ustekinumab therapy while psoriatic arthritis flared.Despite early results of a phase 2 ustekinumab trial suggesting efficacy for both plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, our case series raises concern that ustekinumab may unmask or aggravate joint disease in selected patients. These data underscore the need for further investigation of ustekinumab's effects on psoriatic arthritis.
A common cold virus, rhinovirus 16, potentiates airway inflammation after segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in allergic subjects.
Authors: W J Calhoun, E C Dick, L B Schwartz, W W Busse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Many patients with asthma have increased wheezing with colds. We hypothesized that rhinovirus colds might increase asthma by augmenting airway allergic responses (histamine release and eosinophil influx) after antigen challenge. Seven allergic rhinitis patients and five normal volunteers were infected with rhinovirus type 16 (RV16) and evaluated by segmental bronchoprovocation and bronchoalveolar lavage. Segmental challenge with saline and antigen was performed 1 mo before infection, during the acute infection, and 1 mo after infection. Lavage was performed immediately and 48 h after antigen challenge. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance, and a P value of < or = 0.05 was considered to be significant. All volunteers inoculated with RV16 developed an acute respiratory infection. BAL fluid obtained from allergic rhinitis subjects during the acute viral infection, and 1 mo after infection, showed the following significant RV16-associated changes after antigen challenge: (a) an enhanced release of histamine immediately after local antigen challenge; (b) persistent histamine leak 48 h afterwards; and (c) a greater recruitment of eosinophils to the airway 48 h after challenge. These changes were not seen in non-allergic volunteers infected with RV16 and challenged with antigen, nor in allergic volunteers repetitively challenged with antigen but not infected with RV16, nor in RV16 infected allergic volunteers sham challenged with saline. We conclude that rhinovirus upper respiratory infection significantly augments immediate and late allergic responses in the airways of allergic individuals after local antigen challenge. These data suggest that one mechanism of increased asthma during a cold is an accentuation of allergic responses in the airway which may then contribute to bronchial inflammation.
Ultrasound guided core biopsy in AIDS: experience in six patients
Authors: J. J Donald, A Coral, P J Shorvon, W R Lees
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Presentation d'un appareil (Biopty gun) permettant de prelever des biopsies localisees precisement sous guidage par ultrasons. Presentation de 6 cas: biopsies de ganglions (4 cas) et autres tissus. Les renseignements obtenus ont modifie le traitement pour les 6 malades
Intraoperative Endoscopic Sphincterotomy During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: H. Nakajima, H. Okubo, Y. Masuko, S. Osawa, K. Ogasawara, M. Kambayashi, Y. Hata, T. Oku, T. Takahashi
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)
Roentgen Diagnosis, Vol 3, Spinal Column, Skull, Nervous System, Eye, Temporal Bone, Paranasal Sinuses, Teeth and Jaws, Tropical Diseases
Authors: Martin W. Donner
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In the past decade much progress has been made in the design and application of roentgenographic techniques to neurological disorders. As a result, neuroradiology has become a firmly established subspecialty of diagnostic roentgenology. This volume is devoted chiefly to discussing roentgenographic findings in clinical neuroradiology.  There is excellent organization of material, so often overwhelming in its amount and confusing in its complexity. Each of the 12 main chapters introduces its subject by presenting the normal roentgen anatomy and its variations, generally followed by a discussion of developmental malformations. Subsequent sections analyze the effects on the central nervous system or the underlying bones produced by trauma, degenerative and inflammatory disease, vascular lesions, and tumors. Most of the methods of examination employed in neuroradiology had already been described in vol 1. Discussed here are roentgenographic technique of stereotactic operations, brain tumor diagnosis with radioactive isotopes, roentgenographic technique in disorders involving the orbit
THE ROLE OF THE CHEEK POUCH IN EFFECTING TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY IN THE HAMSTER
Authors: David Shepro, Nora Kula, James A. E. Halkett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The cheek pouch of the hamster is alymphatic. Molecules, too large to penetrate the vascular endothelium, reach general circulation by slowly diffusing through the cheek pouch membrane to vessels found in the connective tissues in the neck and these vessels drain primarily into the superficial cervical node. The tissues of the cheek pouch membrane limit the diffusion of large particles and it is this "barrier" which explains, in part, the "privilege" conferred by the cheek pouch.
Telomere stability and carcinogenesis: an off-again, on-again relationship
Authors: Jennifer J. Wanat, F. Brad Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Previous studies in mice have demonstrated antagonistic effects of telomerase loss on carcinogenesis. Telomere attrition can promote genome instability, thereby stimulating initiation of early-stage cancers, but can also inhibit tumorigenesis by promoting permanent cell growth arrest or death. Human cancers likely develop in cell lineages with low levels of telomerase, leading to telomere losses in early lesions, followed by subsequent activation of telomerase. Mouse models constitutively lacking telomerase have thus not addressed how telomere losses within telomerase-proficient cells have an impact on carcinogenesis. Using a novel transgenic mouse model, Begus-Nahrmann et al. demonstrate in this issue of the JCI that transient telomere dysfunction in telomerase-proficient animals is a potent stimulus of tumor formation.
Lipid Level Alterations in the Helsinki Heart Study-Reply
Authors: Vesa Manninen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Drs Emmerich and Jacotot have expressed their interest in our study and raise several interesting points, which we hope to be able to clarify. (1) The reduction in end points was statistically significant only for Fredrickson type IIB men, although a declining trend was observed in all subjects. Only about 9% of the whole series were type IV subjects, hence the number of end points is insufficient for a meaningful statistical analysis. (2) The associations between the various lipid level changes and other CHD risk factors divided into above and below the median value were only trends, but were controlled for in multivariate analyses (neither hypertension nor diabetes had any effect on the results). (3) The decrease in triglyceride levels was taken into account in the Cox models in several different ways, ie, analyzed as the sole change or in concert with the other lipid level changes,
Why are children admitted to hospital?
Authors: J Wynne, D Hull
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The criteria for admitting children to hospital for medical care were examined in 399 consecutive, non-planned admissions to the Nottingham Children9s Hospital between October 1975 and January 1976. Sixty-one per cent of the children were referred direct to the casualty department by their parents. Over 20% were admitted primarily for social reasons, and many of the remainder came from homes judged to be at a disadvantage. The hospital medical services for children should be aware of the needs of parents as well as of the needs of sick children in their catchment area.
Abstract 2970: Interference with DNA repair through inhibition of Wee1
Authors: Malgorzata Krajewska, Yvette Bisselink, Marcel A. van Vugt
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In response to DNA damage, the so-called ‘DNA damage response’ provokes a cell cycle arrest to facilitate DNA repair. Recently, it has become clear that cells can respond to DNA damage throughout the cell cycle, except during mitosis. Specifically, the mitotic kinases Cdk1 and Plk1 were shown to be responsible for the inactivation of key DNA damage checkpoint proteins, including Claspin and 53BP1. Here we have addressed the possibilities to exploit the mitotic inactivation of the DNA damage response with the purpose to block proper cellular responses to DNA damage during interphase. We hypothesized that mimicking the ‘mitotic’ state of the DNA damage response could potentially inhibit DNA repair and could sensitize cancer cells to genotoxic therapy. To this end, we employed chemical inhibition of the Wee1 kinase. Wee1 is known to prevent unscheduled Cdk1 activation and inhibition of Wee1 has previously been shown to provoke Cdk1 activity. We could show that chemical Wee1 inhibition indeed leads to upregulation of Cdk1 activity. Importantly, we furthermore showed that recruitment of critical repair factors, such as BRCA1 were no longer recruited to sites of DNA damage. Furthermore, we show that DNA repair kinetics were decreased after inhibition of Wee1. Finally, we could show that inhibition of Wee1 sensitized cells to genotoxic chemotheapeutics and irradiation. Thus, forced activation of mitotic kinase interferes with normal DNA damage responses and can be used for radio/chemosensitization. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2970. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2970
Abstract 2145: PSMA-specific anti-tumor activity of the targeted-tubulysin conjugate, EC1169.
Authors: Joseph A. Reddy, Alicia Bloomfield, Ryan Dorton, Melissa Nelson, Marilynn Vetzel, Spencer Hahn, Iontcho Vlahov, Christopher Leamon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a biomarker that is overexpressed on prostate cancer, and it's also present on the neovasculature within many non-prostate solid tumors. We previously reported on EC0652, a 99mTc-labeled small molecule that specifically binds to PSMA-positive tumors and is currently being clinically evaluated for diagnostic imaging applications. Herein, we report on the construction and biological testing of novel tubulysin B-containing, companion therapeutic agents for the treatment of PSMA-expressing cancer. One of these compounds, EC1169, recently emerged as a lead candidate for preclinical development. This water-soluble conjugate was shown to have high affinity for PSMA-positive cells. When tested in vitro, EC1169 was found to inhibit the growth of PSMA-positive cells, but it displayed no activity against PSMA-negative cells. Brief treatment of nude mice bearing PSMA-positive LNCaP human xenografts with EC1169 led to complete remissions in 5/7 mice, and cures (i.e. tumor free &amp;gt;90 days post implantation) in 2/7 mice. Furthermore, this activity occurred in the absence of weight loss or major organ tissue degeneration. In contrast, the non-targeted tubulysin B drug proved to be inactive against the LNCaP tumor model when administered at doses near to or greater than the maximum tolerated level. PSMA-negative KB tumors did not appreciably respond to EC1169 therapy, thereby confirming this compound's targeted specificity for PSMA-expressing cells. Finally, treatment of LNCaP-bearing mice with docetaxel (the most active chemotherapeutic agent approved for prostate cancer), was found to produce only modest anti-tumor activity (2/4 partial responses, 1/4 cures), and this outcome was also associated with severe weight loss (18%). Taken together, these results strongly indicate that PSMA-positive tumors may be more effectively treated using highly potent, PSMA-targeted small-molecule drug conjugates using regimens that do not cause unwanted toxicity. Citation Format: Joseph A. Reddy, Alicia Bloomfield, Ryan Dorton, Melissa Nelson, Marilynn Vetzel, Spencer Hahn, Iontcho Vlahov, Christopher Leamon. PSMA-specific anti-tumor activity of the targeted-tubulysin conjugate, EC1169. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2145
Angiocardiography with iridium-191m: an ultrashort-lived radionuclide (T1/2 4.9 sec).
Authors: S Treves, S Kulprathipanja, D J Hnatowich
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Iridium-191m is a potential tracer for angiocardiography and may be of particular value in the evaluation of heart disease in children. It possesses a short half-life (4.9 sec), suitable photon energy (129 keV) and may be obtained as a generator product by decay of its long lived (15.3 day) parent 191 Os. An 191Os leads to 191mIr generator capable of providing 15 mCi of 191mIr in 1.5 ml of eluant is described. The separation of 191mIr from 191Os is achieved by absorbing 191OsC16-2 on an anion exchange resin. The generator employs an additional resin column which is replaced to prevent 191Os breakthrough to become excessive. By this procedure, the breakthrough may be kept below 0.001% over a period of at least one month and after multiple elutions.
Lowering Lipids Improves Coronary Arterial Anatomy-Reply
Authors: David H. Blankenhorn
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) was designed to test lipid-lowering therapy by studying changes in the angiographic anatomy of the coronary arteries and was not designed to test effects on clinical events. It enrolled 188 subjects, an adequate number for a coronary angiographic end point but an insufficient number to evaluate treatment effects on clinical coronary events. The CLAS showed statistically strong and consistent treatment benefit to coronary anatomy after 2 years of treatment<sup>1</sup>and again after 4 years of treatment, as reported in our study. Other studies designed to test lipid-lowering effects on clinical coronary event rates have shown clear evidence for benefit. The Lipid Research Clinics Primary Prevention Trial (3806 randomized subjects)<sup>2</sup>and the Helsinki Heart Study (4801 randomized subjects)<sup>3</sup>both demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in clinical coronary events with lipid-lowering therapy. The Coronary Drug Project (2789 placebo, 1119 niacin-treated subjects)
Climate Change and the Monitoring of Vector-borne Disease
Authors: Stephen Y. Liang, Kenneth J. Linthicum, Joel C. Gaydos
Journal: JAMA (2002)

PREDICtion, little noted at the time, that anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide would trap the radiative energy of the sun within the earth's atmosphere and raise surface temperatures. 1 An early investigation of this "greenhouse effect" concluded that a "large-scale geophysical experiment" began ever since the Industrial Revolution wed civilization to fossil fuels. 2 The recent data of several international consortia show that global warming is accelerating at a rate far greater than that predicted a century ago and is due in large part to combustion of fossil fuels. 3 This issue of MSJAMA brings together several lines of published evidence that global warming has emerged as a public health challenge requiring serious, concerted action.Jonathan Patz and Mahmooda Khaliq survey the immediate threats posed by climate change as well as some of the more insidious ones.Kent Bransford and Janet Lai find grounds for a common approach to both climate change and air pollution.Stephen Liang and colleagues describe technologies that can help track the spread of climate-sensitive infectious disease vectors.Finally, William Burns discusses public policy tools to respond and adapt to these challenges.Unfounded alarmism has no place either in clinical practice or in the legislative process.On the other hand, we cannot simply ignore extensive, peer-reviewed data on the causes and impacts of climate change.Lending a sense of urgency to this seemingly distant and abstract threat may well require us to link its consequences to our quality of life.In the absence of domestic leadership on global warming, one way to accomplish this goal might be to summon health care professionals to nontraditional advocacy roles.A similar approach helped give birth to the Montreal Protocol of 1987.Parties to the convention that produced the treaty identified depletion of the UV-absorbing ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as a public health threat of potentially catastrophic proportions requiring immediate action, namely, the phasing out of CFCs and related compounds. 4 A role for health care professionals in global environmental policy is a natural extension of a growing ethos of preventive medicine, the sort that has, for instance, reduced the prevalence of smoking in the United States and led to improvements in food, highway, and gun safety.Similarly, it is not too late and none too soon for the health care community to advocate policies that wean us from fossil fuels and ultimately mitigate the extent of human-induced climate change.
THE CURE OF TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS.
Authors: ROBERT L. PITFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It has long been known that if a case of primary tuberculosis of the peritoneum is operated on, the peritineal cavity merely opened and then closed, the disease undergoes a retrograde change, the patient sometimes recovering permanently. At one time it was supposed that the iodoform sprinkled in the cavity of the peritoneum had something to do with the cure. Again, others thought that the simple entrance of air was a factor. It has occurred to me after aiding in the opening of the peritoneum in a case of primary tuberculosis of that cavity, that the surgeon unwittingly performed Pfeiffer's phenomenon. After simply opening the peritoneum evacuating some fluid and closing it the patient began to improve and now, after three months, is nearly well. Instead of the air doing any good, the improvement may have been wrought by the access of some of the patient's blood to the serous
Local Delivery of Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells Augments Collateral Perfusion Through Paracrine Mechanisms
Authors: T. Kinnaird, E. Stabile, M.S. Burnett, M. Shou, C.W. Lee, S. Barr, S. Fuchs, S.E. Epstein
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Bone marrow cell therapy is reported to contribute to collateral formation through cell incorporation into new or remodeling vessels. However, the possible role of a paracrine contribution to this effect is less well characterized. Methods and Results— Murine marrow-derived stromal cells (MSCs) were purified by magnetic bead separation of cultured bone marrow. The release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was demonstrated by analysis of MSC conditioned media (MSC-CM). MSC-CM enhanced proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner; anti-VEGF and anti-FGF antibodies only partly attenuated these effects. Balb/C mice (n=10) underwent distal femoral artery ligation, followed by adductor muscle injection of 1×10 6 MSCs 24 hours later. Compared with controls injected with media (n=10) or mature endothelial cells (n=8), distal limb perfusion improved, and mid-thigh conductance vessels increased in number and total cross-sectional area. MSC injection improved limb function and appearance, reduced the incidence of auto-amputation, and attenuated muscle atrophy and fibrosis. After injection, labeled MSCs were seen dispersed between muscle fibers but were not seen incorporated into mature collaterals. Injection of MSCs increased adductor muscle levels of bFGF and VEGF protein compared with controls. Finally, colocalization of VEGF and transplanted MSCs within adductor tissue was demonstrated. Conclusions— MSCs secrete a wide array of arteriogenic cytokines. MSCs can contribute to collateral remodeling through paracrine mechanisms.