tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 178: A novel mechanism of hypoxia mediated cell cycle dysregulation: miR-134 targets CDKN2A
Authors: Rajesha Rupaimoole, Chad V. Pecot, Sherry Y. Wu, Justin Bottsford-Miller, Cristina Ivan, Robert L. Coleman, Wei Zhang, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Among the various factors in the tumor microenvironment influencing tumor growth and progression, hypoxia plays a key role in promoting tumor growth and resistance to therapeutics. However, a mechanistic understanding of the complicated biological interplay between the stromal framework (hypoxia context) and malignant regions of the same tumor remains an unmet need. In this study, we examined the molecular networks of interplay between hypoxia and miRNA deregulation. Study methods and results: In this study, we profiled the expression of miRNAs in ovarian cancer cells upon exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) using microRNA microarray (Agilent v14). We found that significant numbers of miRNAs are dysregulated. In A2780 and Skov3 ovarian cancer cells, using a statistical cutoff (p&amp;lt;0.05 and fold change &amp;gt;1.5), normoxia v/s short term (48hrs) and long term (6 days) hypoxia exposure, we found that 23 MicroRNAs were down regulated whereas 11 were upregulated. Among these, miR-134 validated to be overexpressed under hypoxia by 3 - 4 fold in A2780 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells consistently across the short and long term time points. Upon bioinformatics analyses for target sites of commonly up regulated miRNAs, we found that miR-134 was predicted to target CDKN2A (Miranda, microT, PITA, RNA22, TargetScan). CDKN2A is a protein involved in cell cycle control, precisely regulating cell cycle G1 control through complexing with CDK4. Considering the fact that CDKN2A expression is lost in several cancer types and its correlation with the aggressive tumor growth, we checked expression of CDKN2A under hypoxic conditions. CDKN2A was down-regulated under hypoxia by 55% and was inversely correlated with miR-134 expression in cell lines tested. Upon transfection of A2780 ovarian cancer cells with miR-134 microRNA mimics, we observed consistent down regulation of CDKN2A by &amp;gt;40%, compared to scrambled control transfected cells. This further proves the role of miR-134 in deregulating CDKN2A expression in ovarian cancer. Discussion: This study provides new insights into miRNA-134's role in regulating cell cycle in the context of hypoxia mediated signaling. These findings may have implications for new approaches targeted at curbing the deleterious effects of hypoxia on tumor growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 178. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-178
STUDIES ON THE RENAL CONCENTRATING MECHANISM. III. EFFECT OF HEAVY EXERCISE
Authors: Lawrence G. Raisz, William Y. W. Au, Robert L. Scheer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Heavy exercise decreases urine flow, sodium excretion, glomerular filtration rate and effec- tive renal blood flow in man (1-8).In addition, albumin, casts and red blood cells are often found in the urine sediment after exercise (9-12).Since the renal concentrating ability is a sensi- tive measure of renal impairment, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of exercise on this function.Heavy exercise was found to impair concentrating ability in hydropenic normal men.This impairment was ob- served when the subjects exercised without prior solute loading and also during a small osmotic diuresis, but was not found when the subjects exercised during a large osmotic diuresis. METHODSThe subjects were six paid volunteer medical students and two physicians.The medical students were selected for their ability to pass the "bladder emptying test" de- scribed in the preceding paper (13).Urine was collected by voluntary voiding in all experiments.The subjects took no fluid after lunch of the day prior to the experiment and ate a dry supper.The following experiments were performed: I. Heavy exercise without solute loading A. Stair-running exercise.After three to four pre- liminary half-hour urine collection periods four subjects (G.C., L.G., R.L. and J.P.) began running up and down three flights of stairs at 8:00 or 8:30 a.m.In 30 min- utes-they completed 15 trips and were exhausted.Since the subjects could not void immediately after exercise the first period was one hour long.Thereafter the sub- jects collected.urine at half-hour intervals for three hours.In a repeated experiment, Subject R.L. received 100 mU of vasopressin intravenously just prior to ex- ercise since an infusion could not be given during stair-
Palliative Management of Fatigue at the Close of Life
Authors: Sriram Yennurajalingam, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Fatigue is the most common chronic symptom associated with cancer and other chronic progressive diseases. The assessment and treatment of fatigue at or near the end of life can be complex. Some of the challenges include its subjective nature, with great variability in its source, how it is expressed, and how it is perceived, requiring treatment to be based on patient report of frequency and severity; its multidimensional character; and the limited understanding of its pathophysiology. Using the case of an 82-year-old retired nurse with fatigue that could be explained by a number of concurrent conditions, including anemia, weight loss, depression and isolation, dyspnea, deconditioning, and medications, the authors illustrate the clinical approach to assess and treat fatigue at the end of life.
Pheochromocytoma of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Louis M. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

ALTHOUGH the clinical picture, laboratory diagnosis, and surgical management of pheochromocytoma are well described in the literature,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 unusual sites of origin of these tumors are of interest. The following case concerns a pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder that produced symptoms and signs associated with urination.Case ReportA 37-year-old Negress was first seen on February 18, 1957, because of intractable headaches of 8 weeks' duration. She had been in apparent good health until 1947, when intermittent "sweating spells" associated with a feeling of apprehension developed; these occurred when she was emotionally upset. In 1952 she noted the onset of continuous . . .
IMPAIRED ABILITY OF PEROXISOMES TO ACTIVATE VERY-LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY
Authors: R.J.A. Wanders, C.W.T.Van Roermund, R.B.H. Schutgens, H. Van Den Bosch, J.M. Tager
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Medical Informatics and the Need for General Internists
Authors: Marvin E. Gozum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 May 1993Medical Informatics and the Need for General InternistsMarvin E. Gozum, MDMarvin E. Gozum, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The position paper of the Federated Council for Internal Medicine (FCIM) [1] left out an important discipline, medical informatics, which is more a tool for practicing general internists than for those in health services research, epidemiology, and educational sciences. Much existing software can aid the internist in daily clinical tasks. By itself, informatics offers a solution to major problems that make general medicine unattractive: maintaining a knowledge base and tracking information.Through such tools as on-line literature searching, CD-ROM, and diagnosis software the need for memorizing enormous amounts of medical information becomes less important than the need ...References1. Federated Council for Internal Medicine. General internal medicine and general internists: recognizing a national need. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:778-9. Google Scholar2. Cervia JS. Examination scores fall with time, but so what? (Letter) JAMA. 1992; 267:366. Google Scholar3. Weed LL. Knowledge coupling, medical education and patient care. Crit Rev Med Inform. 1986; 1:55-79. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marvin E. Gozum, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 9Page: 750-751KeywordsElectronic medical recordsEpidemiologyHealth services researchLiteracyMedical educationSoftware tools ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lecture on the Sounds of the Heart, Delivered in the Liverpool Royal Infirmary School of Medicine
Authors: A. T. H. Waters
Journal: BMJ (1857)

pect changed in a remarkable manner to the depressed look of fever.She complained of pain over the cecum, and the bowels were relaxed.Wine, and starch and opium injections were or- dered.This depressed and listless appearance increased, and profuse perspiration with vomiting and abdominal tenderness came on.On the 23rd, she had several rigors, and complained of acute pain in the right hip and thigh.The urine was scanty and albuminous.Every day up to the 3rd of May, the shiver-
Somatostatin in paroxysmal supraventricular and junctional tachycardia.
Authors: A V Greco, G Ghirlanda, C Barone, A Bertoli, S Caputo, L Uccioli, R Manna
Journal: BMJ (1984)

While she was in hospital the "itching spots" developed: thesewere pink, slightly raised papules of 1-5-2-5 mm in diameter scattered over the whole body.Skin biopsy specimens were immediately taken from a new lesion and from nearby normal skin.Immunofluorescence staining showed the presence of tiny deposits of IgM and complement around small vessels in the upper dermis and slight mononuclear-perivascular infiltrate.In the normal skin the reaction was far less pronounced.Traces of IgM were present perivascularly, but there was little complement.These changes were considered to be compatible with the deposition of circulating IgM immune complexes and activation of complement causing vasculitis.
Insulin stimulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Use of the euglycemic clamp technique.
Authors: C N Sadur, R H Eckel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The role of insulin in the regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in humans was investigated in 11 normal subjects and compared with the effects of 0.9% saline infusions in five control subjects. After a basal adipose tissue biopsy for lipoprotein lipase activity, insulin was rapidly infused to achieve and maintain serum levels of approximately 70 microunits/ml while plasma glucose was kept at basal concentrations. Free fatty acids in serum fell to 27 +/- 3% of basal by 20 min (t = 5.19, P less than 0.001) and triglycerides decreased to 77 +/- 3% of basal by 80 min (t = 3.76, P less than 0.01). Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity failed to increase significantly above that measured in controls by the first 3 h of the study. By 6 h of the infusion a stimulatory effect of insulin on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase was found (t = 3.94, P less than 0.01). There was no relationship between the amount of glucose infused and the insulin effect on the enzyme. The increase in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity at 6 h, however, was inversely related to the basal lipase activity (r = -0.690, P less than 0.02). Thus, insulin appears to stimulate adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in humans. This effect of insulin is delayed when compared with antilipolysis and the fall in plasma triglyceride. The inverse relationship between insulin-stimulated adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and basal enzyme activity suggests that adipose tissue itself is the main regulator of the lipase response to insulin.
Impairment of Neural Nitric Oxide-mediated Relaxation after Antigen Exposure in Guinea Pig Airways<i>in vitro</i>
Authors: MOTOHIKO MIURA, HIDEYUKI YAMAUCHI, MASAKAZU ICHINOSE, YUZURU OHUCHI, NATSUKO KAGEYAMA, MASAFUMI TOMAKI, NAOMI ENDOH, KUNIO SHIRATO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO), a neurotransmitter of inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (iNANC) nerves in airways, is a radical with a short half-life, and its function may be modified by airway inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether airway allergic inflammation affects iNANC responses mediated by NO in guinea pigs in vitro. Animals sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) were challenged with 0.03% OA (OA group) or saline (saline group) by inhalation on 3 consecutive days. On the day after the final challenge, iNANC responses elicited by electrical field stimulation (2 to 16 Hz) or relaxation responses to 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), 10− 8 to 10− 4 M, were obtained in the tracheal strips precontracted by histamine (3 × 10− 6 M) in the presence of atropine and propranolol (both 10− 6 M). The iNANC responses of the OA group were significantly attenuated compared with those of the saline group (p < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect of a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, on the iNANC responses was abolished in the OA group. SIN-1-induced tracheal smooth muscle relaxation was also significantly affected by antigen exposure (p < 0.05), the effect of which disappeared in the presence of a NO scavenger, carboxy PTIO (3 × 10− 6 M). The impairment of the iNANC responses after antigen exposure was significantly restored by superoxide dismutase (1,000 U/ml), especially at lower frequencies. Histochemical demonstration of NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerves representing neural NOS density was not different between the two groups. These results suggest that allergic airway inflammation impairs neural NO-induced relaxation, presumably by inhibiting the access of neural NO to the airway smooth muscle.
Nephrosonography in Infants and Children: A New Technique
Authors: E. A. Lyons, J. E. E. Fleming, G. C. Arneil, A. V. Murphy, E. M. Sweet, I. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A technique has been developed for the ultrasonic investigation of renal disease in infants using a specially designed water-bath with a conventional ultrasonic scanner. This permits ultrasonic studies of the renal tract from the neonatal period onwards; the procedure does not distress the child and the water acts as an excellent coupling medium.
Does Hepatitis C Virus Infection Increase the Risk of HIV Disease Progression?
Authors: Stephen J. Rossi
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Markers of HTLV-III in patients with end stage renal failure treated by haemodialysis.
Authors: M Goldman, C Liesnard, J L Vanherweghem, N Dolle, C Toussaint, S Sprecher, J Cogniaux, L Thiry
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Patients and members of staff from a haemodialysis unit were tested for markers of infection with human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the virus associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed eight of 100 patients to have antibodies to HTLV-III. In five of these patients past or present infection with HTLV-III was confirmed by Western blot analysis or detection of HTLV-III antigens in lymphocyte cultures, or both. Investigation of other risk factors for AIDS showed that the putative source of HTLV-III was unrelated to dialysis in two patients whereas blood transfusion was the most likely cause of contamination in the others. No member of staff gave a positive result in the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Nosocomial transmission of HTLV-III seems unlikely if precautions similar to those recommended for the control of hepatitis B infection are applied.
Insecticide-Treated Nets for the Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Carol Gamble, Paul J Ekwaru, Paul Garner, Feiko O. ter Kuile
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Protection from malaria with insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) during pregnancy is widely advocated, but evidence of benefit has been inconsistent. We undertook a systematic review of randomised trials.Three cluster-randomised and two individually randomised trials met the inclusion criteria; four from Africa (n = 6,418) and one from Thailand (n = 223). In Africa, ITNs compared to no nets increased mean birth weight by 55 g (95% confidence interval [CI] 21-88), reduced low birth weight by 23% (relative risk [RR] 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.98), and reduced miscarriages/stillbirths by 33% (RR 0.67, 0.47-0.97) in the first few pregnancies. Placental parasitaemia was reduced by 23% in all gravidae (RR 0.77, 0.66-0.90). The effects were apparent in the cluster-randomised trials and the one individually randomised trial in Africa. The trial in Thailand, which randomised individuals to ITNs or untreated nets, showed reductions in anaemia and fetal loss in all gravidae, but not reductions in clinical malaria or low birth weight.ITNs used throughout pregnancy or from mid-pregnancy onwards have a beneficial impact on pregnancy outcome in malaria-endemic Africa in the first few pregnancies. The potential impact of ITNs in pregnant women and their newborns in malaria regions outside Africa requires further research.
Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organochlorines and Childhood Obesity in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project
Authors: Lea A. Cupul-Uicab, Mark A. Klebanoff, John W. Brock, Matthew P. Longnecker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

In some previous studies, prenatal exposure to persistent organochlorines such as 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p´-DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in children.Our goal was to evaluate the association of maternal serum levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), p,p´-DDE, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p´-DDT), dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, HCB, trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, and PCBs with offspring obesity during childhood.The analysis was based on a subsample of 1,915 children followed until 7 years of age as part of the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). The CPP enrolled pregnant women in 1959-1965; exposure levels were measured in third-trimester maternal serum that was collected before these organochlorines were banned in the United States. Childhood overweight and obesity were defined using age- and sex-specific cut points for BMI as recommended by the International Obesity Task Force.Adjusted results did not show clear evidence for an association between organochlorine exposure and obesity; however, a suggestive finding emerged for dieldrin. Compared with those in the lowest quintile (dieldrin, < 0.57 μg/L), odds of obesity were 3.6 (95% CI: 1.3, 10.5) for the fourth and 2.3 (95% CI: 0.8, 7.1) for the highest quintile. Overweight and BMI were unrelated to organochlorine exposure.In this population with relatively high levels of exposure to organochlorines, no clear associations with obesity or BMI emerged.
Doxycycline Treatment and Desert Storm-Reply
Authors: Gareth M. Green
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The NIH Technology Assessment Workshop "The Persian Gulf Experience and Health" evaluated published scientific literature, progress of ongoing studies reported by the responsible investigators, and the testimony of afflicted veterans. The panel concluded that unexplained illness seemed real, was not definable as a single clinical entity with the information available, and most probably was not caused by a single agent but rather represented multiple overlapping etiologies. The suggestion by Drs Nicolson and Rosenberg-Nicolson of a mycoplasmal origin seems plausible for some of these illnesses but should be confirmed by rigorous clinical investigation. Of course, the customary principles of sound medical management require individual patient diagnosis before prescription of treatment, especially with drugs effective against other unrecognized microorganisms.
Cognitive Dysfunctions in Bipolar Disorder: Evidence of Neuropsychological Disturbances
Authors: Anabel Martínez-Arán, Eduard Vieta, Francesc Colom, María Reinares, Antoni Benabarre, Cristòbal Gastó, Manel Salamero
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

Although cognitive dysfunctions in psychosis have classically been associated with schizophrenia, there is clinical evidence that some bipolar patients show cognitive disturbances either during acute phases or in remission periods. The authors critically review the data on cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. The main computerized databases (Medline, Psychological Abstracts, Current Contents) have been consulted crossing the terms ‘cognitive deficits’, ‘neuropsychology’, ‘intellectual impairment’, ‘mania’, ‘depression’ and ‘bipolar disorder’. Changes in the fluency of thought and speech, learning and memory impairment, and disturbances in associational patterns and attentional processes are as fundamental to depression and mania as are changes in mood and behavior. Moreover, a significant number of bipolar patients show persistent cognitive deficits during remission from affective symptoms. However, there are several methodological pitfalls in most studies such as unclear remission criteria, diagnostic heterogeneity, small sample sizes, absence of longitudinal assessment, practice effect and poor control of the influence of pharmacological treatment. Most studies point at the presence of diffuse cognitive dysfunction during the acute phases of bipolar illness. Most of these deficits seem to remit during periods of euthymia, but some of them may persist in approximately one third of bipolar patients. Methodological limitations warrant further research in order to clear up the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and clinical, demographic and treatment variables in bipolar disorder.
Stroke, Spasticity, and Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Lewis P Rowland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Botulinum toxin is in the news these days. First came September 11 and fears of chemical terrorism. One gram of this “most poisonous poison” could kill a million people were it not for problems of delivery. Then, in April 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of “frown lines” at the glabella, between and above the eyes. This cosmetic use of the toxin has already attracted the interest of countless people who want to look younger. The toxin is also used to erase “crow's feet” — wrinkles at the lateral margin . . .