tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increasing mortality by living kidney donation?: The devil is in the details
Authors: Hatem Amer, Mikel Prieto, Julie K. Heimbach, Stephen C. Textor, Sandra J. Taler
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

To the Editor: We commend Dr Mjøen et al.1Mjøen G. Hallan S. Hartmann A. et al.Long-term risks for kidney donors.Kidney Int. 2014; 85 (e-pub ahead of print)Google Scholar for reviewing their donor experience. We, however, do have concerns regarding both the methodology and conclusions. The investigators used a control group derived from a community-based survey in one county in Norway. The fact that the vintage of the control group was limited to 1985–1987 while kidney donations occurred between 1963 and 2007 introduces a significant bias. The first donor would have been identified up to 22 years before the first control subject. Changing definitions of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, and improvements in primary and secondary prevention, and the long lead-in time for the living donors likely contributed to the observed increased risk of mortality, independent of kidney donation. This is supported by the observation that mortality decreased for both donors and controls as a function of the year of donation in adjusted and nonadjusted models. The majority of the donors were first-degree relatives of the recipients. This may have allowed more individuals with genetic predispositions to renal disease to donate, as reported by the investigators. Supporting this claim is the observation that immunologic glomerular disease was the major cause of renal failure in those donors developing kidney disease, something not reported in any other series of kidney donors. Perhaps the most important finding is the relative absence of renal failure attributed to secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. On a theoretical basis, hyperfiltration related to reduced renal mass has been among the most feared consequences of living kidney donation. Hence, these data support other donor studies suggesting that careful selection of donors leads to little adverse risk related directly to reduced renal mass.
Dynamic exercises in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A P Anandarajah
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Are they friend or foe?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of synovial inflammation and destruction of bone and cartilage. This matrix degradation leads to reduced physical function. Indeed, up to 50% of patients display a decreased range of movement at initial presentation to a rheumatologist.1 The presence of widespread synovial inflammation, coupled with impaired mobility and function, results in a low bone mass.

Two distinct forms of bone loss—localised and generalised—have been described.2 Localised bone loss in the form of bone erosions and periarticular osteopenia is an important component of the radiographic criteria for the diagnosis of RA.3 More severe disease activity is usually associated with the presence of extensive erosions. Erosions typically develop within the first 2 years of diagnosis of RA.4 The rate of progression of these erosions is, however, less clear. Whereas some studies suggest that radiographic progression continues at a constant rate throughout the disease,5 others report a variable course.6,7 Synovial inflammation is an important determinant of progression of erosive changes in RA; however, radiological progression does not strongly correlate with other clinical measures.8

“Rheumatologists often recommend non-weightbearing exercise” 

Exercise is an essential component of medical and surgical management of inflammatory joint diseases. Nevertheless, rheumatologists traditionally have recommended exercise restriction or exercise programmes limited to non-weightbearing isometric exercises and range of motion exercises owing to concerns about aggravating joint inflammation and accelerating joint damage in patients with RA.9–11 In contrast with the standard regimens, dynamic exercises promote muscle movement during joint motion or aerobic activities, or both. Examples of dynamic exercise activities include swimming, walking, cross-country skiing, bicycling, weight training, and house cleaning.

Several studies have demonstrated that dynamic exercises improve muscle function and aerobic capacity12–16 without negatively …
Bleeding peptic ulcer.
Authors: J A Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Health Conference referred to the Public Health Commit- tee a motion on family planning involving "identification and follow up (italics mine) . . . of individuals who may fail to pro- vide satisfactory parental care."The intentions are clear.One speaker, Dr. J. T. Clow, was perhaps more percipient than the Con- ference, considering it unwise "in terms of the freedom of the individual."Pregnancies may be unwanted but they can hardly be said to be unforeseeable.Unplanned pregnancies are now equated far too readily with unwanted babies and con- genital delinquency, etc.Mr. Douglas Houghton' obviously believes the State should intervene to require family limitation, though he acknowledges the difficulty of reconciling this with declarations of human rights.If this resolution is accepted by the B.M.A.
CHANGES IN THE BODY WEIGHT OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS FOLLOWING PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY
Authors: C. W. BUCK, H. B. CARSCALLEN, G. E. HOBBS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

1. In this series of schizophrenic patients there was no consistent group change in weight prior to the 6th month after lobotomy. 2. At the 6th postoperative month the patients as a group showed a small but significant weight increase. This arose principally from a marked weight gain on the part of a small group of patients. 3. The marked weight gains that occurred in certain patients postoperatively led, for the most part, to a resumption of a normal weight rather than to the development of obesity 4. Separate analyses of the improved and unimproved groups indicated a trend toward weight gain in the improved patients, and a trend toward weight loss in the unimproved patients. 5. The postoperative retraining program did not appear to be responsible for the weight changes after lobotomy. 6. These findings indicate an increase in weight does not necessarily follow the operation of prefrontal lobotomy. It is suggested that those patients who do gain weight on a controlled diet do so as a result of the improverd appetite that accompanies amelioration of their mental symptoms. There is no indication from these observations that lobotomy produces any metabolic change leading to abnormal weight increase. The findings instead, would confirm the prevalent belief that obesity following lobotomy results from uncontrolled eating during the postoperative period.
THE RELATION OF PARANASAL SINUS INFECTION TO DISEASE OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: W. V. MULLIN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

There is abundant clinical and some experimental evidence in support of the statement that certain types of disease of the paranasal sinuses tend to produce peribronchial infections, with resultant chronic bronchitis, asthma and bronchiectasis. Experimental investigations have been principally directed, as one would suppose, to identifying the lymph channels that drain the sinuses. To this end André, Grünwald and Most endeavored to work out the lymph drainage in cadavers. This work, while very thorough, is open to the criticism that injections were made under great pressure and also that it was necessarily limited in its scope. In my own investigations in association with Ryder, living animals were used—rabbits for the investigation of the maxillary sinus, and cats for the frontal sinus. It was essential to use some substance that would permit us to follow the routes very clearly, and india ink was selected for this purpose. This fluid is a
IMPROVED INTERPRETATION OF TECHNETIUM 99m RBC GATED EXERCISE ANGIOGRAPHIC DATA USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS (MVA)
Authors: Jack H. Paldi, David A. Goodwin, Julio C. Milanes, Yu Li Wu, Michael L. Goris
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Paldi, Jack H.; Goodwin, David A.; Milanes, Julio C.; Wu, Yu Li; Goris, Michael L. Author Information
THE NEW ERA IN PEDIATRICS; ITS CAUSES AND SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS.
Authors: GODFREY ROGER PISEK
Journal: JAMA (1907)

A revolution has been and is still taking place in pediatrics. It is progressing slowly, but nevertheless surely. Those who have not watched its development closely may not have appreciated its trend or its significance. This department of medicine, formerly disorganized and chaotic, is now clearing up rapidly, and is bound to be greatly simplified and more easily grasped by the general practitioner. <h3>CAUSES.</h3> In pediatrics, as in every new field of investigation, there have been a few brilliant workers to whom great honor is due; they have gone ahead and worked out some general rules that have been attended with a considerable degree of success when correctly applied, and naturally the tendency has been to incorporate these rules into the teachings of the medical student, whose training up to within a few years has been mainly didactic. But there are now coming to the front a new set of
Detection of Myocardial Injury by CMR After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Won-Keun Kim, Andreas Rolf, Christoph Liebetrau, Arnaud Van Linden, Johannes Blumenstein, Jörg Kempfert, Georg Bachmann, Holger Nef, Christian Hamm, Thomas Walther, Helge Möllmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
How MSF is mapping the world's medical emergency zones
Authors: J. Feinmann
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A mammoth project to map the addresses of 200 million people aims to help Médecins Sans Frontières to deliver better medical care worldwide, writes <b>Jane Feinmann</b>. The charity has decades of experience in bringing volunteer doctors to where they are needed in emergency situations and longer term humanitarian projects. This is why <i>The BMJ</i> has chosen MSF for its Christmas charity appeal this year. Please give generously
Letter: Tests of hearing in school.
Authors: L Fisch
Journal: BMJ (1974)

|P.A.O.I Peak Acid Output (mEq/hr) x 100 Sex Age (Years) P.A.O.Histalog Insulin Hg F 34 18 5 0-88 5 M 66 1-24 0 0 M 63 17-58 9 54 54 results of gastric secretion tests8 are shown in the table.These results could be interoreted as showing absence of impairment of vagal innervation of the stomach in these three patients with peripheral and autonomic neuropathy.Kassander9 had originally sug- gested that "a diabetic patient at some point in the progression of his diabetes may 'vagotomize' himself."Myelin degeneration has been seen in the vagal nerves of diabetics as well as in their peripheral nerves.10Taken together these histological .abnormalities10 and the gastric secretory studies5 7 8 support this concept of the diabetic vagotomizing himse,lf,9 analogous to achalasia of the oesophagus.In 32 patients with achalasia vagal nerve function was considered absent in eight because of failure of acid response to insulin but adeauate response to maxi- mum Histalog stimulation.'1Autovagotomy should be considered as part of a spectrum of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, so that it is not surprising that the incidence of duodenal ulcer in diabetics is only one-third of that of the normal population.11-Iam, etc.,
The Shorr Regimen for Prevention of Calculi
Authors: Victor F. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was sorry that Lynwood H. Smith did not mention the Shorr regimen (<i>JAMA</i><b>144</b>::1549, 1950) in his answer to the question about the prevention of renal lithiasis (<b>195</b>:708, 1966). I believe that this regimen is being unfortunately overlooked. I have found it highly effective in the prevention of phosphatic stones, even in cases of reduced renal function and alkalinizing infection. This is not to say that the regimen is easily applied, but in my hands it has been valuable just in the cases in which it is most needed (<i>Ann Surg</i><b>162</b>:366, 1965).
Carboxylesterase Isoform 2 mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is a Predictive Marker of the Irinotecan to SN38 Activation Step in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Erika Cecchin, Giuseppe Corona, Sara Masier, Paola Biason, Giulio Cattarossi, Sergio Frustaci, Angela Buonadonna, Annamaria Colussi, Giuseppe Toffoli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Irinotecan (CPT11) is a prodrug activated in humans mainly by carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) generating the SN38 metabolite responsible for the drug efficacy and toxicity. The interpatients variability in CPT11 activation step could cause unpredictable toxicity. To identify a predictive molecular marker for CPT11 activation in cancer patients, we investigated the CES2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and correlated it to CPT11 activation rate, toxic effects, and response.Forty-five colorectal cancer patients were treated with a CPT11-including regimen (FOLFIRI). CES2 mRNA expression in PBMC was quantified by reverse transcription-PCR in real time. Plasma concentrations of CPT11, SN38, and SN38-glucuronide were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the pharmacokinetic variables calculated adopting the noncompartmental model. Toxicity was evaluated by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria scale and response by the WHO criteria.A high interindividual variability in CES2 mRNA relative expression was observed (median, 1.45; range, 0.01-28.21). CES2 mRNA expression level was significantly associated with CPT11 activation ratio [(AUC(SN38) + AUC(SN38G))/AUC(CPT11)]. Patients with CES2 mRNA expression above the median cutoff value presented an activation ratio higher (median, 0.25; range, 0.15-0.42) than those with CES2 mRNA below the median (median, 0.20; range, 0.10-0.40; P = 0.013). This was associated with a nonsignificant trend of 1.34-fold increase of SN38 AUC in the group of patients with high CES2 mRNA expression (mean, 1.03 +/- 0.62 versus 0.77 +/- 0.32 micromol/L hour). Eight of 23 high CES2 mRNA-expressing patients (34.8%) developed grade 3 to 4 neutropenia or diarrhea compared with 2 of 22 (9.1%) in the low CES2-expressing group (P = 0.071).Our data support a predictive power of CES2 mRNA expression in PBMC for the activation rate of CPT11.
Symptom networks and psychiatric categories
Authors: Nick Haslam
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract The network approach to psychiatric phenomena has the potential to clarify and enhance psychiatric diagnosis and classification. However, its generally well-justified anti-essentialism views psychiatric disorders as invariably fuzzy and arbitrary, and overlooks the likelihood that the domain includes some latent categories. Network models misrepresent these categories, and fail to recognize that some comorbidity may represent valid co-occurrence of discrete conditions.
Toward the Best Treatment for Uncomplicated Patients With Type B Acute Aortic Dissection : A Consideration for Sound Surgical Indication
Authors: A. Marui, T. Mochizuki, N. Mitsui, T. Koyama, F. Kimura, M. Horibe
Journal: Circulation (1999)

In the treatment of type B acute aortic dissection without complications, better results are obtained if surgery is performed before enlargement of the aorta in patients who are predicted to show aortic enlargement and if drug-based treatment is continued for patients who are predicted to show no enlargement. The purpose of this study was to predict the acute-phase factors that may affect chronic-phase aortic enlargement by studying chronic-phase enlargement of dissections in patients without complications during the acute phase.In 101 patients with type B acute dissection who had no complications, univariate and multivariate factor analyses were performed to determine the predictors for chronic-phase enlargement (>/=60 mm) of the dissected aorta. The independent predominant predictors for aortic enlargement in the chronic phase were a maximum aortic diameter of >/=40 mm and a patent false lumen during the acute phase. The values of actuarial freedom from aortic enlargement for the patients with a maximum aortic diameter of 40 mm and a patent false lumen at 1, 5, and 10 years were 43%, 33%, and 22%, respectively, whereas in patients with a maximum aortic diameter of <40 mm and a closed false lumen, the values were 97%, 94%, and 84%, respectively.These results suggest that patients with type B acute aortic dissection who show a maximum aortic diameter of >/=40 mm and a patent false lumen should undergo surgery earlier during the chronic phase before enlargement of aorta, whereas patients with a maximum aortic diameter of <40 mm and a closed false lumen should continue to receive hypotensive therapy.
Syrian doctor expelled from Hungary for allegedly supporting Hamas
Authors: C. Kovac
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A Syrian doctor was summarily expelled from Hungary late last month after the National Security Office said that he had illegally made a contribution to the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas.

The Hungarian Helsinki Committee, a member of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, plans to contest the expulsion, contending that Dr Kinan Haddad, 31, a surgeon on the staff at the Pecs Medical University Clinic, was not afforded due process of law and that the action was taken without a proper investigation.

Mr Ferenc Koszeg, executive director …
Care of Pregnant Women Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Howard L. Minkoff
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The Centers for Disease Control and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have recommended that pregnant women who are at increased risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome be tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus. When this recommendation is implemented, some clinicians who undoubtedly have had limited experience with patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus will be responsible for the care of pregnant women found to be asymptomatically infected with human immunodeficiency virus. There is, therefore, a need for information that will ensure that adequate counseling is provided and that appropriate medical and infection control measures are instituted. This article will review issues related to counseling and antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care of seropositive pregnant women. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:2714-2717)
How to Keep Up with the Medical Literature: VI. How to Store and Retrieve Articles Worth Keeping
Authors: R. BRIAN HAYNES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The human mind is not well suited to storing and retrieving large amounts of infrequently used information. An effective personal filing system is needed if good articles that we encounter in our efforts to keep up to date are to be kept handy for future reference. Many options exist for the creation of a personal filing system. In this article, we assist the reader in the development of a tailormade system that is based on making key decisions that strike a balance between filing needs and the lack of enthusiasm that most of us have for filing. The complexity of the system should match the number of purposes that your file must serve. Important additional considerations include how much time and effort you are willing to spend; where and how you will house your collection; how many articles you want to keep in the file; what standards you will apply in selecting material for your file; what subject headings are most appropriate for your articles; whether you will need to cross-reference; and what access you will have to personal computers.
THE CHA2DS2-VASC SCORE IDENTIFIES AF PATIENTS WITH A CHADS2 SCORE OF 0 OR 1 TREATED WITH ANTIPLATELET THERAPY WHO ARE UNLIKELY TO BENEFIT FROM ORAL ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
Authors: Michiel Coppens, John Eikelboom, Robert Hart, Salim Yusuf, Gregory Lip, Paul Dorian, Olga Shestakovska, Stuart Connolly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
NEW VACCINE PRODUCTS FOR THE THIRD WORLD
Authors: Anthony Robbins
Journal: The Lancet (1989)

Dutch and Nordic public health representatives met in the Netherlands in March 1989 to plan collaborative efforts to create new improved vaccines for use in developing countries.  The limitations of commercial vaccine development to meet the needs of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) have become a major concern.  Biotechnology has made new powerful vaccines possible but vaccines against additional diseases will be produced commercially only if hard currency is forthcoming.  The Task Force for Child Survival has endorsed the notion of front-end funding for vaccines--to pay the cost of development in return for a future low price that would not include development costs.  The Task Force is currently reviewing the status of vaccine research to determine which of the most urgently needed new vaccines against diseases in the developing world could be developed tested and produced most quickly.  The 5 Dutch-Nordic institutes that are participating in this effort are focusing on 4 new vaccines:  A conjugated polysaccharide vaccine to protect against group A meningococcal disease; an outer membrane protein vaccine for group B meningococcal disease; a conjugated polysaccharide vaccine to protect against pneumonococcal pneumonia and sepsis in infants; and a new Japanese encephalitis B vaccine produced with microcarrier techniques.
Watch Your Step
Authors: J. J. Weisskopf
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> May I take serious exception to the cruel joke perpetrated by Dr. Inayat I. Lalani (220:1499, 1972) in which he proposes prevention of injury in the automobile accident by "reversing the direction the passengers face in the moving vehicle. Cars should be so designed that all passengers (including the driver) face away from the direction in which the car is running..." One could just as well recommend walking on your head to prevent leg fractures! The entire effort in preventing the slaughter on the highways is directed toward making cars safer to drive instead of making drivers drive safely. Horse sense instead of horsepower is my answer.
Thyroid Cancer After lodine-131 Therapy
Authors: I. Ross McDougall
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The patient of Kreps et al (226:774,1973) developed a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid 20 years after treatment of hyperthyroidism with iodine 131. Reports of this relationship, some of which the authors did not cite (Table) include only documented cases; almost certainly, others have gone unreported.  Three factors about these patients are apparent. Six were less than 30 years of age at the time of treatment, an incidence higher than anticipated, since considerably more middle-aged and elderly patients receive radioiodine therapy. This argues strongly in favor of a conservative age limit (eg, 40 years of age) below which therapeutic radioactive iodine is prescribed only for especial reasons.  The original dose of iodine 131 prescribed for six of the patients was less than 5.0 millicuries, probably insufficient to kill or sterilize the follicular cell population. The reason for the introduction of low-dose iodine 131 therapy was to eliminate