tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Overexpression of the Na <sup>+</sup> -Ca <sup>2+</sup> Exchanger on [Ca <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> Transients in Murine Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Atsushi Yao, Zhi Su, Akihiko Nonaka, Iram Zubair, Liyan Lu, Kenneth D. Philipson, John H. B. Bridge, William H. Barry
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

We measured [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i in isolated transgenic (TG) mouse myocytes overexpressing the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger and in wild-type (WT) myocytes. In TG myocytes, the peak systolic level and amplitude of electrically stimulated (ES) [Ca2+]i transients (0.25 Hz) were not significantly different from those in WT myocytes, but the time to peak [Ca2+]i was significantly prolonged. The decline of ES [Ca2+]i transients was significantly accelerated in TG myocytes. The decline of a long-duration (4-s) caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transient was markedly faster in TG myocytes, and [Na+]i was identical in TG and WT myocytes, indicating that the overexpressed Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is functionally active. The decline of a short-duration (100-ms) caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transient in 0 Na+/0 Ca2+ solution did not differ between the two groups, suggesting that the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase function is not altered by overexpression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. There was no difference in L-type Ca2+ current density in WT and TG myocytes. However, the sensitivity of ES [Ca2+]i transients to nifedipine was reduced in TG myocytes. This maintenance of [Ca2+]i transients in nifedipine was inhibited by Ni2+ and required SR Ca2+ content, consistent with enhanced Ca2+ influx by reverse Na+-Ca2+ exchange, and the resulting Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from SR. The rate of rise of [Ca2+]i transients in nifedipine in TG myocytes was much slower than when both the L-type Ca2+ current and the Na+-Ca2+ exchange current function together. In TG myocytes, action potential amplitude and action potential duration at 50% repolarization were reduced, and action potential duration at 90% repolarization was increased, relative to WT myocytes. These data suggest that under these conditions, overexpression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in TG myocytes accelerates the decline of [Ca2+]i during relaxation, indicating enhanced forward Na+-Ca2+ exchanger function. Increased Ca2+ influx also appears to occur, consistent with enhanced reverse function. These findings provide support for the physiological importance of both these modes of Na+-Ca2+ exchange.
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Regulates Synaptic and Behavioral Plasticity to Repeated Cocaine Administration
Authors: Laura N. Smith, Jakub P. Jedynak, Miles R. Fontenot, Carly F. Hale, Karen C. Dietz, Makoto Taniguchi, Feba S. Thomas, Benjamin C. Zirlin, Shari G. Birnbaum, Kimberly M. Huber, Mark J. Thomas, Christopher W. Cowan
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Drug company chiefs accept the need for more openness
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Officials from two major pharmaceutical companies—GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca—have accepted that the public needs more openness from the industry.

Dr John Patterson, executive vice president for product strategy, licensing, and business development at AstraZeneca (UK) and Eddie Gray, senior vice president and general manager at GlaxoSmithKline Pharma (UK), were among the witnesses questioned by the House of Commons health select committee last week. They were giving evidence as part of the committee's ongoing inquiry into the influence of the pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom.

“There is a feeling that expectations have shifted,” said Mr Gray. “It's like trying to catch a train that is already moving,” he admitted.

Both accepted …
Polysensory response characteristics of dorsal root ganglion neurones that may serve sensory functions during myocardial ischaemia
Authors: M.H. Huang, M. Horackova, R.M. Negoescu, S. Wolf, J.A. Armour
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

To determine the response characteristics of dorsal root ganglion neurones that may serve sensory functions during myocardial ischaemia.Extracellular recordings were made from 54 spontaneously active and 5 normally quiescent dorsal root ganglion neurones (T2-T5) in 22 anaesthetized open-chest dogs under control conditions and during epicardial mechanical or chemical stimulation and myocardial ischaemia.The activity of 78% of spontaneously active and all quiescent neurones with left ventricular sensory fields was modified by left ventricular ischaemia. Forty-six spontaneously active neurones (85%) were polysensory with respect to mechanical and chemical stimuli. The 5 quiescent neurones responded only to chemical stimuli. Spontaneously active neurones associated with left ventricular mechanosensory endings (37 neurones) generated four different activity patterns in response to similar mechanical stimuli (high or low pressure active, high-low pressure active, high-low pressure inactive). A fifth group generated activity which was not related to chamber dynamics. Adenosine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, substance P and bradykinin modified 72, 61, 65 and 63% of the spontaneously active neurones, respectively. Maximum local mechanical or chemical stimuli enhanced activity to similar degrees, as did ischaemia. Each ischaemia-sensitive neurone displayed unique activity patterns in response to similar mechanical or chemical stimuli.Most myocardial ischemia-sensitive dorsal root ganglion neurones associated with epicardial neurites sense mechanical and multiple chemical stimuli, a small population sensing only mechanical or chemical stimuli. Activity patterns generated by these neurones depend on their primary sensory characteristics or those of other neurones that may converge on them, as well as the type and magnitude of the stimuli that impinge upon their sensory fields, both normally and during ischaemia.
Relationship between occupations and asbestosfibre content of the lungs in patients with pleural mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other diseases
Authors: F. Whitwell, J. Scott, M. Grimshaw
Journal: Thorax (1977)

<b>Whitwell, F., Scott, Jean, and Grimshaw, Myra (1977).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>32,</b> 377-386. <b>Relationship between occupations and asbestos-fibre content of the lungs in patients with pleural mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other diseases.</b> The light-visible asbestos-fibre content of 300 lung specimens has been measured using a potash-digestion and phase-contrast microscopy technique, and the results have been correlated with the occupations of the patients. Among 100 pleural mesothelioma specimens were 88 where the patients had been exposed to asbestos, and in 73 of these (83%) the lung tissue contained over 100 000 asbestos fibres per gram of dried lung, and only one specimen showed less than 20 000 fibres per gram. When asbestosis was present, the lungs nearly always showed over 3 million fibres per gram. In 100 control lungs (those without industrial disease or lung cancer) there were less than 20 000 fibres per gram of dried lung in 71% of specimens. Lungs from 100 patients with lung cancer but no industrial disease contained less than 20 000 fibres per gram of dried lung in 80% of cases. Patients with parietal pleural plaques nearly all had over 20 000 fibres per gram in their lungs. The number of asbestos fibres found in the lungs was closely related to the occupations of the patients but not to their home environment. Patients who had lived near likely sources of atmospheric asbestos pollution did not have higher asbestos fibre counts than the rest of the patients. It is concluded that there is a definite dose relationship between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma formation but that9 `sub-asbestosis9 levels of asbestos exposure do not contribute to the formation of lung cancer in those not subjected to industrial asbestos exposure.
Inactivation of the IL-6 gene prevents development of multicentric Castleman's disease in C/EBP beta-deficient mice.
Authors: I Screpanti, P Musiani, D Bellavia, M Cappelletti, F B Aiello, M Maroder, L Frati, A Modesti, A Gulino, V Poli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Castleman's disease is a lymphoproliferative disorder thought to be related to deregulated production of IL-6. We have previously shown that mice lacking the trans-acting factor C/EBP beta, a transcriptional regulator of IL-6 and a mediator of IL-6 intracellular signaling, develop a pathology nearly identical to multicentric Castleman's disease, together with increasingly high levels of circulating IL-6. We describe here how the simultaneous inactivation of both IL-6 and C/EBP beta genes prevents the development of pathological traits of Castleman's disease observed in C/EBP beta-deficient mice. Histological and phenotypic analysis of lymph nodes and spleen of double mutant mice did not show either the lymphoadenopathy and splenomegaly or the abnormal expansion of myeloid, B and plasma cell compartments observed in C/EBP beta-/- mice, while B cell development, although delayed, was normal. Our data demonstrate that IL-6 is essential for the development of multicentric Castleman's disease in C/EBP beta-/- mice.
Abstract 3996: ErbB4 is critical for tumor suppressive HPP1/STAT signaling in colon cancer.
Authors: Abul Elahi, Whalen Clark, Jonathan Hernandez, Leigh Ann Humphries, Jian Wang, Abidemi Ajidahun, David Shibata
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: HPP1 (also known as TMEFF2) encodes a cleavable transmembrane protein that is thought to be a tumor suppressive EGF-like ligand that activates STAT1 and 2-associated pathways. From phylogenetic analyses, it is postulated that HPP1 exerts its effects via erbB4. We sought to characterize the role of erbB4 in the context of the HPP1/STAT tumor suppressive signaling axis. Methods: Transient knockdown of erbB4 was achieved using siRNA in stable HPP1-overexpressing HCT116 transfectants. The impact of erbB4 manipulation on STAT signaling was assessed by expression and activation analyses using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Subsequent alterations in cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth were evaluated by MTT and soft agar assays, respectively. Results: We have previously demonstrated that HPP1’s tumor suppressive effects are associated with activation of suppressive STAT1 and 2 and downregulation of oncogenic STAT3 and 5. Abrogation of erbB4 expression resulted in a reversal of this profile with a reduction in activated STAT1 and 2 and increased phosphorylation of STAT3 and 5. Moreover, inhibition of ErbB4 receptor in HPP1 over-expressing transfectants resulted in an attenuation of tumor suppressive behavior with increased cell proliferation (Optical Density: 0.12±0.11 vs. 0.35 ±0.040; p≤0.001) and colony formation in soft agar (385±25 vs. 66±30 colonies; p≤0.001) as compared to scrambled siRNA control transfectants. Conclusion: The EGF-like domain of HPP1 via erbB4 receptor signaling is essential for its tumor suppressive effects. Knockdown of erbB4 elicits a reversal of HPP1-mediated effects on cell behavior and STAT-family activation status. Therapeutic targeting of the erbB family of receptors is of great interest and our findings may lead to a greater understanding of the complex nature of their associated signaling pathways. Citation Format: Abul Elahi, Whalen Clark, Jonathan Hernandez, Leigh Ann Humphries, Jian Wang, Abidemi Ajidahun, David Shibata. ErbB4 is critical for tumor suppressive HPP1/STAT signaling in colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3996. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3996
The role of L-arginine in ameliorating reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia in the cat.
Authors: A S Weyrich, X L Ma, A M Lefer
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion results in endothelial dysfunction characterized by a reduced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Because EDRF has been characterized as nitric oxide, we examined the ability of L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, to protect in a feline model of myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of L-arginine were investigated in a 6-hour model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. A bolus administration (30 mg/kg) of L-arginine, or its enantiomer D-arginine, was given followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/min for 1 hour starting 10 minutes before reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion in cats receiving D-arginine resulted in severe myocardial injury and endothelial dysfunction characterized by marked myocardial necrosis, high cardiac myeloperoxidase activity in ischemic cardiac tissue, and loss of acetylcholine- and A-23187-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary artery rings. In contrast, myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion cats treated with L-arginine exhibited a reduced area of cardiac necrosis (16 +/- 2% versus 41 +/- 5% of area at risk, p less than 0.01), lower myeloperoxidase activity in the ischemic region (0.3 +/- 0.08 versus 0.8 +/- 0.10 units/100 mg tissue, p less than 0.05), and significant preservation of acetylcholine- (p less than 0.01) and A-23187- (p less than 0.01) induced endothelial-dependent relaxation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the ability of L-arginine to reduce necrotic injury in a cat model of myocardial ischemia plus reperfusion, and this reduction in infarct size is associated with the preservation of endothelial function and attenuation of neutrophil accumulation in ischemic cardiac tissue.
Circulatory Diseases of the Limbs: A Primer
Authors: Irving S. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Dr Abramson has provided a primer of peripheral vascular diseases for students and general physicians. While most of the patients with peripheral vascular disease do not require surgery, those patients who do, present the more exciting and sensational material for publication, and, therefore the literature, both in journals and book form, is somewhat preponderated by surgical examples and techniques. These are useful for the skilled vascular surgeon but fail to help the student and general physician with day-to-day problems. While many vascular diseases are not agerelated, the majority of patients with these problems do have conditions either related or aggravated with the passage of years. This volume makes no pretense of being encyclopedic but contains solid advice for those not expert in the field on diagnosis and initiates the best conservative therapy when it is possible to avoid a surgical approach. Chapters are devoted to the collecting of diagnostic clinical
Anatomy of the Mitral Valvular Complex and Its Implications for Transcatheter Interventions for Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Nicolo Piazza, Robert H. Anderson, Apostolos Tzikas, Koen Nieman, Lotte E. De Laat, Jackie S. McGhie, Marcel L. Geleijnse, Ted Feldman, Patrick W. Serruys, Peter P. de Jaegere
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Radiology of Emergency Medicine
Authors: Robert A. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The first edition of<i>The Radiology of Emergency Medicine</i>rapidly became a classic in the field. This second edition has upheld that level of excellence. The authors, a radiologist and an orthopedic surgeon, have again produced a practical handbook, useful for all those who treat the acutely ill or injured patient. The revised addition has been expanded to include the application of newer techniques, such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). The organization of the book is unchanged from the first edition, with chapters arranged according to major organ groups and divisions of the skeletal system. The chapters each offer general considerations, normal anatomy and variations, and discussions of various pathological conditions. Each subject is covered well without being exhaustive or esoteric. The skeletal topics are covered in somewhat more detail than the chest and abdomen organ systems, but this is not a serious deficiency. The applicability of ultrasound or
THE PHENOL-CAMPHOR TREATMENT OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS
Authors: BENTLEY PHILLIPS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1944)

Journal Article THE PHENOL‐CAMPHOR TREATMENT OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS Get access BENTLEY PHILLIPS, M.B., Ch.B. BENTLEY PHILLIPS, M.B., Ch.B. Captain, Royal Army Medical Corps Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 56, Issue 11-12, 1 November 1944, Pages 219–227, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1944.tb10799.x Published: 01 November 1944
New York makes progress in fight against tuberculosis
Authors: F. B. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

New York City is gaining ground in its battle against tuberculosis, with a 15% fall in the number of new cases reported last year. The city still has three times as many new cases of tuberculosis as any other city in the US, but these latest figures--which show a drop from 3811 cases in 1992 to 3235 last year--represent the first decrease in a decade.

The rate of tuberculosis in New York City is 44 cases per 100 000 population--more than four times the national average. The city's health commissioner, Margaret Hamburg, said that one reason for the recent drop in new cases was an eightfold …
Personalizing Cancer Care: American Society of Clinical Oncology Presidential Address 2009
Authors: Richard L. Schilsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

I would like to welcome you all to Orlando, FL, and the 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting. This has been a challenging year for people everywhere due to the global economic recession and the resulting unemployment and loss of health care benefits. But it has also been a year of great hope for a new administration in Washington, DC, that is very supportive of biomedical research and committed to curing cancer. I am pleased to see so many of you gathered here to share our common goal to improve the outcomes of cancer patients through research and the delivery of high-quality care. The next few days will present an extraordinary array of educational sessions and scientific presentations that focus on our vision to deliver the right care to the right person at the right time. We hear much today about “personalized medicine.” Thus, as the theme of this year’s Annual Meeting, I have chosen “Personalizing Cancer Care,” and you will see it, in its many dimensions, in every session of the Meeting. Personalization is the new buzzword in health care and health policy— but what does it mean for cancer patients and oncologists? For the next few minutes, I’ll share with you what I think this means for our community, why it’s important, and how ASCO members can bring this concept to life for our patients.
Career preferences of doctors qualifying in 1975.
Authors: J Parkhouse, M K Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Career preferences of doctors graduating in 1975 were investi- gated in the same way as for 1974 graduates.1As with earlier reports1 2 the figures and percentages shown include a weighted allowance for tied choices-for example, medicine bracketed with another specialty as first choice of career would contribute half a first choice for medicine; when bracketed with two other specialties it would contribute one-third.The actual number of doctors expressing a particular preference, alone or tied with an alternative, cannot therefore be derived directly from the tables.Variations from the study of 1974 graduates NAMES AND ADDRESSES For this study names and addresses were not obtained directly from medical schools but were derived from the GMC's fortnightly lists of provisionally registered doctors.These lists give the university of graduation (or specify the conjoint diploma) but do not distinguish individual London medical schools.Responders were asked to give their preclinical and clinical schools but 37 replies did not include this information.At the conclusion of the study figures were obtained from the University Grants Committee (UGC) for graduates from each medical school during 1975.There were slight differences from our figures, particularly in relation to London-based clinical students graduating at Oxford or Cambridge.The total UGC figure for graduates was 2752; the number of questionnaires sent out was 2734, and we received 2218 replies (81 %).The response rates for individual
Radiology of the Skull and Brain: Angiography
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Although the 47 chapters of these four books are not arranged alphabetically, they constitute an encyclopedia of angiography of the head (including the face and eye). The contributors from North America, Europe, Australia, and Japan have reported on their areas of special interest in detail. The inevitable repetition is welcome, and makes it unnecessary to move back and forth too much between different volumes. Book 1 is devoted to technical matters (how to do angiography, what materials to use, what complications occur, what views are best to take, etc). The use of serial angiography in the evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics, a historical introduction to angiography, and embryologic and developmental analysis lead into the second, thickest, volume, which begins with anatomy of the aortic arch and the brachiocephalic arteries. Each of the major vessels is described in detail complemented by diagrams, anatomical dissections, and angiograms. The orbital veins and cavernous sinus
THE EFFECT OF INCREASED HEART RATE DUE TO THE INJECTION OF ATROPINE ON THE OXYGEN SATURATION OF THE ARTERIAL AND VENOUS BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE
Authors: Harold J. Stewart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1926)

The present study was undertaken in an attempt to contribute to the solution of the problem of the effect of rapid heart rate on the oxygen satu'ration of the arterial blood.In 1921 Barcroft, Bock and Roughton (1) reported that they had found normal saturation of the arterial blood in a patient during an attack of paroxysmal-tachycardia.Carter and Stewart (2) later reported a case in which there was a marked decrease in the oxygen saturation of the arterial blood during attacks of paroxysmal auricular tachycardia, and Dieuaide (3) had the same experience in a patient during attacks of paroxysmal.ventricular tachycardia.Meakins (4) found normal saturation of the arterial blood with oxygen during regular and irregular tachycardia artificially induced in dogs.These dogs were under paraldehyde anesthesia and since the chests were open they were kept alive by artificial respiration.The author has had occasion to repeat these experiments under the same conditions and has confirmed these obser- vations (5).More recently, Stewart, Crawford and Hastings (6) in their study of the effect of rapid heart rate on the blood flow in normal unanesthetized dogs found that the oxygen saturation of the arterial blood remained unchanged during rapid auricular fibrillation and was usually unchanged during regular tachycardia. METHODSThe following observations were made in cardiac patients who had been in the hospital at absolute rest for a long while and who, at the time the observations were made, showed no signs of decompensation.Patients having auricular fibril- lation as well as those having normal rhythms were available; in one patient the
The Pharmacology of Tardive Dyskinesias
Authors: HAROLD L. KLAWANS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The activity of dopamine at certain striatal dopamine receptors is related to the appearance of tardive dyskinesias in man. By analogy to Huntington's chorea and L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonism, it appears that tardive dyskinesias are related to increased responsiveness of dopamine receptor sites as a result of neuroleptic-induced denervation hypersensitivity. It has been demonstrated that anticholinergic drugs worsen tardive dyskinesias in patients who have this disorder. It also appears that anticholinergic drugs decrease the threshold for tardive dyskinesias and thereby increase the incidence of this disorder. This implies that centrally active anticholinergic agents should not be used as a routine adjunct to neuroleptic therapy.