tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcome of endoscopic resection for nonampullary duodenal tumors
Authors: Satoru Nonaka, Ichiro Oda, Kazuhiro Tada, Genki Mori, Yoshinori Sato, Seiichiro Abe, Haruhisa Suzuki, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Takeshi Nakajima, Takahisa Matsuda, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Yutaka Saito, Iruru Maetani
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Compared with any other location in the gastrointestinal tract, the duodenum presents the most challenging site for endoscopic resection. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of duodenal endoscopic resection and to assess the feasibility of the technique as a therapeutic procedure. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A total of 113 consecutive patients with 121 nonampullary duodenal tumors underwent endoscopic resection by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), or polypectomy between January 2000 and September 2013. Long-term outcomes were investigated in patients with more than 1 year follow-up. <b>Results:</b> The median tumor size was 12 mm (range 3 – 50 mm). Lesions consisted of 63 adenocarcinomas/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias (53 %) and 57 adenomas/low-grade intraepithelial neoplasias (48 %). Endoscopic resection included 106 EMRs (87 %), 8 ESDs (7 %), and 7 polypectomies (6 %). En bloc resection was achieved in 77 lesions (64 %), and 43 lesions (35 %) underwent piecemeal resection; one procedure was discontinued due to perforation. There were 14 cases of delayed bleeding after EMR (12 %), 1 perforation (1 %) during ESD, and 1 delayed perforation (1 %) after ESD, which required emergency surgery. Of the 76 patients who were followed for more than 1 year, none of the patients died from a primary duodenal neoplasm, and there were no local recurrences during the 51-month median follow-up period (range 12 – 163 months). <b>Conclusions:</b> Duodenal endoscopic resection was feasible as a therapeutic procedure, but it should only be performed by highly skilled endoscopists because of its technical difficulty. Piecemeal resection by EMR is acceptable for small lesions, based on these excellent long-term outcomes.
Tyrosine kinase inhibition ameliorates the hyperdynamic state and decreases nitric oxide production in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension and ascites.
Authors: J C López-Talavera, A Levitzki, M Martínez, A Gazit, R Esteban, J Guardia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) causes vasodilatation and a hyperdynamic state by activating nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Tyrphostins, specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), block the signaling events induced by TNF and NO production. A hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome (HCS) is often observed in portal hypertension (PHT). TNF and NO seem to mediate these hemodynamic changes. The aim of this work was to study the effect of PTK inhibition on the systemic and portal hemodynamics, TNF and NO production, in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension. Rats with liver cirrhosis induced by chronic inhalation of carbon tetrachloride were used. Animals were treated daily with tyrphostin AG 126 (alpha-cyano-(3-hydroxy-4-nitro) cinnamonitrile) or placebo for 5 d. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and portal pressure (PP) were measured by indwelling catheters. Cardiac output (CI) and stroke volume (SV) were estimated by thermodilution, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was calculated (MAP/CI), and portal systemic shunting (PSS) was quantitated using radioactive microspheres. Serum and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) TNF levels were measured using an immunoassay kit, and serum NOx was determined photometrically by its oxidation products. The AG 126-treated group showed a statistically significant increase in MAP and SVR, and decreases in CI, SV, MLN TNF, and serum NO oxidation products nitrite and nitrate (NOx) in comparison with the placebo-treated rats. No significant differences were noticed in HR, PP, PSS, or serum TNF. Significant correlations were observed between MAP and NOx, MAP and MLN TNF, PSS and NOx, and serum TNF and serum NOx. The HCS observed in PHT seems to be mediated, at least in part, by TNF and NO by the activation of PTKs and their signaling pathways. PTK activity inhibition ameliorates the hyperdynamic abnormalities that characterize animals with cirrhosis and PHT.
Going for Broca? I wouldn't bet on it!
Authors: Alan A. Beaton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The role of Broca's area is currently unclear even with regard to language. Suggestions that this area was enlarged on the left in certain of our hominid ancestors are unconvincing. Broca's area may have nothing to do with a lateralized gestural or vocal system Handedness may have evolved more than four million years ago.
HIV Monoclonal Antibodies: A New Opportunity to Further Reduce Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission
Authors: Yegor Voronin, Lynne M Mofenson, Coleen K Cunningham, Mary G Fowler, Pontiano Kaleebu, Elizabeth J McFarland, Jeffrey T Safrit, Barney S Graham, William Snow
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Yegor Voronin and colleagues explore how monoclonal antibodies against HIV could provide a new opportunity to further reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV and propose that new interventions should consider issues related to implementation, feasibility, and access. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
P783 SERUM miR-122 MAY SERVE AS A BIOMARKER FOR RESPONSE TO DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRALS: EFFECT OF ABT-450/r WITH ABT-333 OR ABT-267 ON miR-122 IN HCV-INFECTED SUBJECTS
Authors: J.F. Waring, E. Dumas, E. Coakley, D. Cohen, T. Podsadecki, S. Dutta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Small Primary Adenocarcinomas of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: John S. Spratt
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The authors reviewed the biological characteristics of 20 primary carcinomas of the colon and rectum, all 2 cm. or less in diameter at the time of their discovery. None of these cancers could be shown to arise from an adenomatous polyp but rather all of them seemed to arise primarily from the colonic mucosa. The cancers were of 3 gross morphological types: pedunculated, sessile, and ulcerated. The pedunculated cancers were least and the ulcerated cancers most frequently associated with lymph node metastases. The proposition is presented that the most lethal variant of colonic and rectal cancers begins as an infiltrating malignant ulcer similar to the malignant ulcers of the stomach and other epithelial surfaces rather than as polypoid growths. More attention should be directed to the discovery of small sessile and ulcerated tumors.
Abstract 3917: Utilizing optical imaging technologies to screen candidate ADC antibodies.
Authors: Xin Lin, Norman Peterson, George Wilson, Adeela Kamal, Jay Harper
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising new therapeutic option to treat cancer where powerful cytotoxic compounds are conjugated to antibodies targeting a tumor-associated antigen. Molecular imaging allows relatively quick, non-invasive assessment of biological and biochemical processes in living subjects and when applied to research and development of ADC therapeutics, it has the potential to expedite the drug development process. The current study aims to evaluate optical imaging as a tool to aid in the selection of antibody candidates by using imaging data to predict in vivo efficacy of ADC therapeutics. In this study, candidate antibodies with engineered cysteines for site-specific conjugation of payloads were successfully labeled with the near-infrared fluorescent dye, alexa fluor 750, to achieve a degree of labeling of 2 dyes per antibody. Mice bearing target-positive tumors were treated with the dye-labeled antibodies, and were imaged at 1, 2, and 6 days post-injection using a fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) in vivo imaging system. The tumor and major organs were subjected to ex vivo optical imaging and confirmatory immunofluorescence staining. Differences were observed in the tumor uptake, biodistribution profiles, and penetration of the four candidate antibodies. Concurrently, in vivo efficacy studies are being conducted with ADCs comprised of these lead antibodies, and the imaging data, along with the binding affinity and internalization rate of each antibody, will be compared to the pharmacology data to determine if a predictive correlation exists. Once established, correlations between the imaging data and efficacy results would justify the use of molecular imaging to screen large panels of antibodies to aid in the lead selection for ADCs, thus enabling significant time and cost reduction for the development of ADC therapeutics. Citation Format: Xin Lin, Norman Peterson, George Wilson, Adeela Kamal, Jay Harper. Utilizing optical imaging technologies to screen candidate ADC antibodies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3917. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3917
Effect of smoking cessation on plasma ascorbic acid concentration
Authors: J. Lykkesfeldt, H. Prieme, S. Loft, H. E Poulsen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Numerous studies have shown that cigarette smokers have a lower plasma concentration of ascorbic acid than non-smokers, but only a few have considered the antioxidant status of ex-smokers.1 We report the first controlled study monitoring the early effect of smoking cessation on the concentration of ascorbic acid in plasma.

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the local ethics committee. Two hundred volunteers were recruited through local advertisement and gave signed informed consent. Eligible subjects of both sexes (aged 35 to 65 years) had smoked at least 15 cigarettes a day for one year and declared motivation to stop. Exclusion criteria were known presence of disease; daily intake of drugs, including hormonal contraceptives; antioxidant supplements within the last month; …
ENCEPHALITIS AS A COMPLICATION OF MEASLES
Authors: J. H. MUSSER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

During the past winter at the Charity Hospital of New Orleans, a large number of patients were admitted to the contagious disease wards with a diagnosis of measles. During the epidemic of this disease, 351 cases in all were seen by one of us, who was struck by the occurrence in some of the patients of various, rather irregular, neurologic symptoms. These symptoms were almost entirely observed in small children. They seemed to depend on irritation of the meninges with a concomitant increase in the intracranial pressure, or to be the result of pathologic processes in the encephalon. Eight of these cases came to autopsy.  It is our purpose to report briefly the clinical observations in two of the cases as illustrative of the course of the causative condition, encephalitis, and to report the protocols of the autopsy records in each case. In addition to these eight cases of encephalitis
Case 40-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A sixty-nine-year-old man entered the hospital because of dyspnea. For approximately forty years before entry the patient had bronchitis and asthma and a chronic cough productive of a moderate amount of yellowish sputum, but without blood streaking. He smoked one or more packages of cigarettes daily for fifty years. He worked for seven years as a forester, for several years in a factory where fluorescent fixtures were made and for fifteen years in a rubber-manufacturing plant, where he was exposed to dusts and clay. Four years previously he stopped working after an episode of squeezing precordial chest . . .
Effect of Exposure to Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles on Production of Free Fatty Acids and Lipid Metabolites in the Mouse Small Intestine
Authors: Rongsong Li, Kaveh Navab, Greg Hough, Nancy Daher, Min Zhang, David Mittelstein, Katherine Lee, Payam Pakbin, Arian Saffari, May Bhetraratana, Dawoud Sulaiman, Tyler Beebe, Lan Wu, Nelson Jen, Eytan Wine, Chi-Hong Tseng, Jesus A. Araujo, Alan Fogelman, Constantinos Sioutas, Mohamed Navab, Tzung K. Hsiai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Exposure to ambient ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the effects of air pollution on gastrointestinal disorders.We sought to assess whether exposure to ambient UFP (diameter < 180 nm) increased free fatty acids and lipid metabolites in the mouse small intestine.Ldlr-null mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or UFP collected at an urban Los Angeles, California, site that was heavily affected by vehicular emissions; the exposure was carried out for 10 weeks in the presence or absence of D-4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide with antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties on a high-fat or normal chow diet.Compared with FA, exposure to UFP significantly increased intestinal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), including 15-HETE, 12-HETE, 5-HETE, as well as hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), including 13-HODE and 9-HODE. Arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) as well as some of the lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) in the small intestine were also increased in response to UFP exposure. Administration of D-4F significantly reduced UFP-mediated increase in HETEs, HODEs, AA, PGD2, and LPA. Although exposure to UFP further led to shortened villus length accompanied by prominent macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the intestinal villi, administration of D-4F mitigated macrophage infiltration.Exposure to UFP promotes lipid metabolism, villus shortening, and inflammatory responses in mouse small intestine, whereas administration of D-4F attenuated these effects. Our findings provide a basis to further assess the mechanisms underlying UFP-mediated lipid metabolism in the digestive system with clinical relevance to gut homeostasis and diseases.
Fever: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Philip A. Mackowiak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 December 1994Fever: Blessing or Curse?Philip A. Mackowiak, MDPhilip A. Mackowiak, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00041 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I am grateful to each of the authors for their interest in my article and for their thought-provoking reflections on theories of evolution. Of the questions they raise in their letters, the most perplexing concerns the basic unit of evolution.Dr. Schwam maintains that the basic unit of evolution is the gene. Genes certainly play a fundamental role in the process; however, the proposition that “genes making copies of themselves” is the essence of evolution, although provocative in its simplicity, does nothing to enhance our understanding of why some genetic traits survive and others disappear during evolution. It ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Philip A. Mackowiak, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 12 Page: 984 Keywords Bacillus Fevers Genetics Mortality Sepsis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Review: Nicotine replacement therapy increases CVD events; bupropion and varenicline do not
Authors: Kate Rowland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Mills EJ, Thorlund K, Eapen S, Wu P, Prochaska JJ. Cardiovascular events associated with smoking cessation pharmacotherapies: a network meta-analysis. Circulation. 2014;129:28-41. 24323793
Childbirth, Continence, and the Pelvic Floor
Authors: John O.L. DeLancey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Since the beginning of recorded medical history, vaginal delivery has been known to damage the pelvic floor. Vesicovaginal fistulae, fecal incontinence, and uterine prolapse were often the dreaded price of bearing children. In the past few centuries, trained midwives and obstetricians learned to intervene before prolonged pressure of the fetal head on the pelvic floor destroyed a mother's continence, her marriage, or even her life. Despite the progress that modern obstetrical care has made in reducing these problems, vaginal delivery remains a traumatic event with respect to the maternal perineum. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the mechanism of . . .
Adolescent and Young Adult Psychedelic Drug Abuse: An Overview.
Authors: William F. Kiely
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Adolescent and Young Adult Psychedelic Drug Abuse: An Overview.William F. Kiely, M.D., F.A.C.P.William F. Kiely, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1142_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe potential for serious mental disorganization, both acute and enduringly persistent, from indiscriminate abuse of psychedelic drugs, particularly lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and related compounds, is real and in our opinion the commonest precipitant of acute psychotic illness among teen-agers and young adults presenting in emergency rooms of general hospitals in San Francisco and Los Angeles at the present time. A review of the experience with 62 adolescents and young adults hospitalized with acute psychotic reactions as a result of the use of psychedelic drugs of this type reveals that many such youngsters were potentially suicidal or examples of borderline... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1142-1143KeywordsAdolescentsDrug abuseDrugsEmergency departmentLysergic acid diethylamideYoung adults Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Toxicity and Pharmacodynamics of Cy317HuXCy, A Surrogate for AMG 317, in Cynomolgus Monkeys: 4-week and 13-Week Repeated-Dose Studies
Authors: M HORNER, L CARLOCK, R CALDWELL, A MOULD, R ARMITAGE, J BUSSIERE
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
The Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation in Children
Authors: Robert H. Ramsey, Herbert E. Pedersen
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Fifteen cases of fracture of the ulnar shaft associated with dislocation of the radial head in children were studied. The injury is most common in the age range of five to nine years and consists almost entirely of the anterior or lateral type of dislocation. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment permit satisfactory stable reduction by closed methods in most cases. Although general anesthesia is sometimes necessary, many such injuries may be reduced with local anesthesia or no anesthesia. Immobilization for 5 or 6 weeks is sufficient, and recovery of full function in 2 to 4 weeks after cast removal is common.
Do MDL-1+ cells play a broad role in acute inflammation?
Authors: Peter A. Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Dengue virus (DV) reacts with myeloid DAP12-associating lectin-1 (MDL-1) on immature polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Interaction of DV with MDL-1+ cells triggers systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), with subsequent multi-organ failure. In this issue of the JCI, Cheung et al. find that sterile acute liver injury in mice is associated with the accumulation of MDL-1+ cells and that triggering of these cells by DV or an MDL-1-specific agonist antibody leads to SIRS, shock, and death. These findings may have broad mechanistic and therapeutic implications for the development of SIRS, sepsis, and shock in humans exposed to a wide array of infectious and non-infectious conditions.
Vitamin E Deficiency and Neurologic Disease in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: MICHAEL D. SITRIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

We report the cases of two adult patients with cystic fibrosis affecting the pancreas and liver, who also had severe vitamin E deficiency and neurologic disease. The most prominent clinical features were abnormal eye movements, diminished reflexes, decreased vibratory and position sense, ataxia, and muscle weakness. Treatment with intramuscular injections of vitamin E partially corrected the neurologic deficits. Vitamin E absorption tests documented severe malabsorption, which was later alleviated by the addition of dessicated ox bile to the regimen of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. These studies suggest that a decreased intraluminal concentration of bile salts is an important factor in the development of severe vitamin E deficiency and in the poor response to oral replacement therapy that is seen in some patients with cystic fibrosis.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Serotypes: Infection of Newborn Through Mother
Authors: H. W. Ocklitz, E. F. Schmidt
Journal: BMJ (1957)

IRRADIATED ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITISBwDfrrNAL an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, being, of course, fufly aware of the difficulty of classifying very primitive and atypical cells.The series of related events in our case might be expressed as Renal failure Amyloidosis7 / <Ankylosing Renal Deth spondylitis phlebothrombosis Deth Irradiation -, Leukaemia Summary A case of ankylosing spondylitis complicated by amyloid disease and renal vein thrombosis is de- scribed.Treated by irradiation, the patient subsequently developed acute leukaemia, probably lymphatic, and succumbed.The interrelation of the various conditions is discussed.We wish to thank Dr.
Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Cytokines in Ventricular Myocytes Is Necessary but Not Sufficient to Decrease Contractile Responsiveness to β-Adrenergic Agonists
Authors: Dan Ungureanu-Longrois, Jean-Luc Balligand, William W. Simmons, Ikutaro Okada, Lester Kobzik, Charles J. Lowenstein, Steven L. Kunkel, Thomas Michel, Ralph A. Kelly, Thomas W. Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Recent evidence has documented that increased activity of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; type 2 NO synthase) in primary isolates of adult rat ventricular myocytes after exposure to soluble mediators in medium conditioned by lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages is associated with a decrease in their contractile responsiveness to β-adrenergic agonists. It remained unclear which specific inflammatory cytokines in this medium contribute to the induction of iNOS activity in myocytes and whether induction of iNOS would result in an obligatory decline in contractile function. Interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were both present in the lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage-conditioned medium. However, only IL-1 receptor antagonist and not an anti–rat TNF-α antiserum diminished the extent of iNOS induction in myocytes exposed to this medium and prevented a decline in contractile responsiveness to isoproterenol. When recombinant cytokines were used, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ each induced iNOS activity in cardiac myocytes at 24 hours. However, only the combination of IL-1β and IFN-γ reproducibly caused contractile dysfunction in cardiac myocytes. Among the constituents of the defined medium routinely used for maintenance of adult rat ventricular myocytes in primary culture, it was noted that insulin (10 −7 mol/L) was required for NO production, as detected by nitrite release in cytokine-pretreated myocytes, although insulin had no effect on the extent of induction of iNOS mRNA or maximal enzyme activity in myocyte cell lysates. Insulin was also required for the decrease in contractile responsiveness to isoproterenol to be manifest. Thus, induction of iNOS is necessary but not sufficient to cause inflammatory cytokine-induced contractile dysfunction in cardiac myocytes.