tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between protective efficacy of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies and suppression of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6. Comparison of O side chain-specific antibodies with core LPS antibodies.
Authors: J D Baumgartner, D Heumann, J Gerain, P Weinbreck, G E Grau, M P Glauser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Two-core LPS antibodies, the rabbit J5 polyclonal antiserum and the human anti-lipid A IgM mAb HA-1A, did not improve the survival of mice challenged with E. coli O111 or P. aeruginosa 3, or with the LPS extracted from them, and did not decrease the incidence of Shwartzman reactions in rabbits challenged with O111 LPS. In contrast, O side chain-specific rabbit antisera were protective in these models. The protection afforded by O side chain-specific antisera against endotoxin lethality was associated with decreased LPS-induced serum TNF and IL-6 levels, whereas core LPS antibodies had no effect on TNF or IL-6 levels. The absence of reduction of LPS-induced cytokines levels by core LPS antibodies suggests that these antibodies are not able to prevent the interactions between LPS and target cells.
HTLV-III/LAV Antibodies in Contacts of Hemophiliacs
Authors: José A. Girón
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Jason et al 1 state that household contacts of hemophiliacs with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/AIDS-related complex (ARC) or who test positive for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/ lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) antibody had significantly lower numbers of total lymphocytes, T-helper lymphocytes, and T-suppressor lymphocytes when compared with household contacts of hemophiliacs with negative test results for HTLV-III/LAV antibody. The authors fail, however, to provide information as to whether the individual household contacts with lower lymphocyte numbers (AIDS/ARC households and households of hemophilia A participants who were HTLV-III/LAV antibody positive) were also sexual or nonsexual contacts of the hemophiliac patients. Such information would be useful in attempting to understand the statistically significant difference presented in this report. Would the authors provide these basic data?
Marine Animals in Medical Research
Authors: Albert C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1979)

PHAGOCYTOSIS, probably everyone would agree, is a key component in the defense armamentarium of man. Yet its importance was first realized in studies with a marine creature, the starfish larva.<sup>1</sup>This discovery was exceptional. In general, few researchers until recently were cognizant of the value of marine animals in studying fundamental processes of relevance to man. Within the last decade, however, there have been a number of articles describing the special attributes of these animals and forecasting noteworthy benefits from their increased use in medically oriented research.<sup>2-5</sup>At the national level, it was recognized that there is a need for more scientists trained in the combination area of marine biology and health science.<sup>6</sup> <h3>Cause for Underuse</h3> Yet today, despite this generally stimulating literature, it is rare to find marine animals being used in substantial numbers by the medical researcher, and the question is why. A probable basic
Abstract 4449: Effects of endocrine therapy on mRNA- and microRNA expression profiles in prostate cancer
Authors: Saara Lehmusvaara, Timo Erkkilä, Harri Lähdesmäki, Paula Kujala, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Tapio Visakorpi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction &amp; Objectives: The gold standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer is endocrine therapy either by castration (surgical or chemical) or with antiandrogens. Although endocrine therapy has been used for decades, the molecular consequences of androgen deprivation are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate how endocrine therapy affects genome-wide gene expression and to ascertain whether chemical castration or antiandrogen use leads to unique gene expression profiles. Methods: 30 patients were randomized equally into three groups: no treatment, bicalutamide (antiandrogen) 150 mg daily, and goserelin (GnRH agonist) 3.6 mg every 4 weeks. Following the neoadjuvant treatment for 12 weeks, patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Freshly frozen specimens were collected for expression profiling of both protein (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNAs) coding genes using Illumina (probes for ∼25 000 mRNAs) and Agilent (723 miRNAs) microarrays, respectively. The amount of cancer, benign epithelium, and stroma in the specimens was assessed using H&amp;E stained slides. Statistical analyses were first done without taken into account the tissue composition of specimens. Subsequently, tailor-made in silico Bayesian modeling tool was used to predict the mRNA and miRNA expression patterns in the different cellular compartments. mRNA expression from microarray data and in silico predictions were validated with qPCR from microdissected tissue samples. Results: In unsupervised hierarchical clustering of mRNA profiles, specimens from bicalutamide and goserelin arms were clustered separately from control samples, but not separately from each other. Out of 600 significantly differently expressed mRNAs between control and treatment arms (p&amp;lt;0.05), only 56 were unique for bicalutamide treatment and 13 for goserelin treatment. Interestingly, tissue compartment analysis showed that bicalutamide affects more specifically cancer cells while goserelin has more effect to stroma and normal epithelium. In the miRNA profiles, there were only minor changes in the bicalutamide and goserelin treatment arms compared with control arm. Only 6 miRNAs were significantly differently expressed (p&amp;lt;0.05). Also, there was more variety in miRNA expression between different tissue compartments than treatment arms. Conclusions: In conclusion, androgen deprivation had more effect on mRNA than miRNA expression. Most of the differentially expressed genes behaved similarly after GnRH agonist and antiandrogen treatments. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4449.
The PTEN/Akt Pathway Dictates the Direct αVβ3-Dependent Growth-Inhibitory Action of an Active Fragment of Tumstatin in Glioma Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Tomohiro Kawaguchi, Yoji Yamashita, Masayuki Kanamori, Raelene Endersby, Krystof S. Bankiewicz, Suzanne J. Baker, Gabriele Bergers, Russell O. Pieper
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The collagen type IV cleavage fragment tumstatin and its active subfragments bind to integrin αVβ3 and inhibit activation of focal adhesion kinase, phophoinositol-3 kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in what is thought to be an endothelial cell–specific manner. The resultant endothelial cell apoptosis accounts for the ability of tumstatin to function as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and an indirect suppressor of tumor growth. We hypothesized that the inability of tumstatin to directly suppress tumor cell growth might be the result of the constitutive activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway commonly seen in tumors. Consistent with this idea, several integrin αVβ3–expressing glioma cell lines with PTEN mutations and high levels of phospho-Akt (pAkt) were unaffected by exposure to an active fragment of tumstatin (T3), whereas αVβ3-expressing glioma cell lines with a functional PTEN/low levels of pAkt exhibited T3-induced growth suppression that could be bypassed by small interfering RNA–mediated suppression of PTEN, introduction of a constitutively expressed Akt, or introduction of the Akt and mTOR target eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. The direct tumor-suppressive actions of T3 were further shown in an αVβ3-deficient in vivo mouse model in which T3, while unable to alter the tumstatin-insensitive vasculature contributed by the αVβ3-deficient host, nonetheless suppressed the growth and proliferative index of i.c. implanted αVβ3-expressing PTEN-proficient glioma cells. These results show that tumstatin, previously considered to be only an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, also directly inhibits the growth of tumors in a manner dependent on Akt/mTOR activation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(23): 11331-40)
Abstract LB-190: Soluble E-Cadherin promotes cell invasion but not proliferation in prostate cancer
Authors: Xiaolan Fang, K. C. Balaji, Bita NickKholgh, Kenneth Gyabaah
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metastasis is responsible for the majority of prostate cancer-related deaths. Despite progress in early detection and management, there remains no effective, long-term cure for metastatic prostate cancer, partially due to the unclear molecular mechanism of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Clinical reports discovered that soluble E-cadherin (sE-Cad, the cleaved ectodomain of human E-Cadherin protein) was elevated in body fluids and serum of patients with a variety of cancers, and its serum levels have been shown to correlate positively with metastatic cancers and disease invasiveness. However, little is known about the role of sE-Cad in metastasis, or the molecular mechanism of its abnormal accumulation in cancerous microenvironment. Our lab generated C4-2 prostate cancer cell lines which would secret synthetic sE-Cad by Doxycycline induction. We found that increased sE-Cad in the conditioned medium promotes cell invasion, but not cell proliferation. We analyzed the protein subcellular localizations in different cell compartments (membrane, cytoskeleton, nucleus and cytoplasm) and observed increased binding of synthetic sE-Cad to membrane E-Cadherin, indicating that sE-Cad could promote cell motility by interacting with membrane proteins and possibly disrupting the cell-cell adhesion. This work is supported by Wake Forest University institutional funds to KC Balaji and by NIH grant CA079448 to X Fang. Citation Format: Xiaolan Fang, K. C. Balaji, Bita NickKholgh, Kenneth Gyabaah. Soluble E-Cadherin promotes cell invasion but not proliferation in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-190. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-190
The Chest Film in Massive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Charles M. Nice
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Embolism refers to blockage of an artery, whereas infarction denotes necrosis of the pulmonary tissue resulting from inadequate blood supply. Embolism is associated with a minimal pulmonary physical finding and very few roentgenographic findings other than the loss of vascular pattern in the region involved. Embolism and infarction occur in different clinical settings, although the two may coexist. A suggestion is raised that a relatively small pulmonary embolism may cause sufficient arteriospasm to give rise to anxiety and dyspnea, thus mimicking a larger occlusion. Embolism of one of the main pulmonary arteries is less common than multiple lobar or smaller occlusions. When one of the main pulmonary arteries contains a large embolus, usually there are emboli in the other lung and it is the latter episode which results in death. One might argue that this small monograph could easily have been condensed into a rather large single article in a
Parasites likely to have plagued Louis XIV
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It is surprising that Louis XIV survived to the ripe old age of 77 as a recent investigation has shown that he, along with many members of his court, is likely to have been plagued with various parasites.

Louis XIV, known as the Sun King, came to the throne at the age of 5 and reigned for 72 years, from 1643 to 1715. Paleoparasitologists have …
Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone-Releasing Hormone Test in Patients with Hypothalamic Pituitary-Gonadal Dysfunction
Authors: C. H. Mortimer, G. M. Besser, A. S. McNeilly, J. C. Marshall, P. Harsoulis, W. M. G. Tunbridge, A. Gomez-Pan, R. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A standard intravenous 100 mug luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) test was used to assess the pituitary gonadotrophin responses in 155 patients with a variety of diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In all but nine patients there was an increase in circulating levels of either LH or FSH in response to the releasing hormone though 137 (88%) were clinically hypogonadal. It was not possible with this test to distinguish between hypothalamic and pituitary causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, since a variety of LH and FSH responses emerged within the disease groups. However, primary gonadal failure characteristically resulted in exaggerated gonadotrophin response. The potential therapeutic use of the gonadotrophin releasing decapeptide is suggested in certain patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
Index-based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in a Large Cohort Study
Authors: Wen–Qing Li, Yikyung Park, Jennifer W. Wu, Jian–Song Ren, Alisa M. Goldstein, Philip R. Taylor, Albert R. Hollenbeck, Neal D. Freedman, Christian C. Abnet
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
A CASE OF BLINDNESS FROM DRINKING BAY RUM, COMPARED WITH THE REPORTED CASES DUE TO METHYL ALCOHOL AND TO ESSENCE OF JAMAICA GINGER, ETC.
Authors: H. MOULTON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

For some time the idea has been entertained that wood alcohol is the toxic agent in cases of amblyopia following the drinking of essence of Jamaica ginger and similar preparations. Dr. Hiram Woods thought of, but seems to have rejected the idea which Dr. Jackson more lately advocates. † We will remember that reports of these cases began to appear nearly at the same time with reports of the cases due to wood alcohol. While bay rum and various essences have been long used as substitutes for whisky in prohibitory districts without accident, there have recently occurred several fatalities. I personally know this fact to apply in the Indian Territory, where the United States prohibition is very rigid. Within a year or two there have been several deaths in that country from drinking these things as well as wood alcohol. Ordinary wood alcohol has a characteristic odor and taste so
AEG-1 Promoter–Mediated Imaging of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Akrita Bhatnagar, Yuchuan Wang, Ronnie C. Mease, Matthew Gabrielson, Polina Sysa, Il Minn, Gilbert Green, Brian Simmons, Kathleen Gabrielson, Siddik Sarkar, Paul B. Fisher, Martin G. Pomper
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We describe a new imaging method for detecting prostate cancer, whether localized or disseminated and metastatic to soft tissues and bone. The method relies on the use of imaging reporter genes under the control of the promoter of AEG-1 (MTDH), which is selectively active only in malignant cells. Through a systemic, nanoparticle-based delivery of the imaging construct, lesions can be identified through bioluminescence imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography in the PC3-ML murine model of prostate cancer at high sensitivity. This approach is applicable for the detection of prostate cancer metastases, including bone lesions for which there is no current reliable agent for noninvasive clinical imaging. Furthermore, the approach compares favorably with accepted and emerging clinical standards, including PET with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and [18F]sodium fluoride. Our results offer a preclinical proof of concept that rationalizes clinical evaluation in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 74(20); 5772–81. ©2014 AACR.
Arthritis as a complication of intravesical BCG vaccine
Authors: M Devlin, A Deodhar, M Davis
Journal: BMJ (1994)

dependency unit might permit improved care and provide an acceptably economic option owing to reduced complications, earlier discharges, and reduced use of intensive care facilities.A study of substantial proportions is needed to examine this question, which could have major implications for the organisation of postoperative care.The continuing study of the trauma unit at Staffordshire Royal Infirmary has set a precedent for such research.Similar foresight applied to the question of provision of postoperative care might permit a major and widespread advance in a relatively neglected part of the perioperative period.
Phenotyping asthma, rhinitis and eczema in <scp>M</scp>e<scp>DALL</scp> population‐based birth cohorts: an allergic comorbidity cluster
Authors: J. Garcia‐Aymerich, M. Benet, Y. Saeys, M. Pinart, X. Basagaña, H. A. Smit, V. Siroux, J. Just, I. Momas, F. Rancière, T. Keil, C. Hohmann, S. Lau, U. Wahn, J. Heinrich, C. G. Tischer, M. P. Fantini, J. Lenzi, D. Porta, G. H. Koppelman, D. S. Postma, D. Berdel, S. Koletzko, M. Kerkhof, U. Gehring, M. Wickman, E. Melén, J. Hallberg, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, E. Eller, I. Kull, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, K.‐H. Carlsen, B. N. Lambrecht, M. Kogevinas, J. Sunyer, F. Kauffmann, J. Bousquet, J. M. Antó
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Asthma, rhinitis and eczema often co-occur in children, but their interrelationships at the population level have been poorly addressed. We assessed co-occurrence of childhood asthma, rhinitis and eczema using unsupervised statistical techniques.We included 17 209 children at 4 years and 14 585 at 8 years from seven European population-based birth cohorts (MeDALL project). At each age period, children were grouped, using partitioning cluster analysis, according to the distribution of 23 variables covering symptoms 'ever' and 'in the last 12 months', doctor diagnosis, age of onset and treatments of asthma, rhinitis and eczema; immunoglobulin E sensitization; weight; and height. We tested the sensitivity of our estimates to subject and variable selections, and to different statistical approaches, including latent class analysis and self-organizing maps.Two groups were identified as the optimal way to cluster the data at both age periods and in all sensitivity analyses. The first (reference) group at 4 and 8 years (including 70% and 79% of children, respectively) was characterized by a low prevalence of symptoms and sensitization, whereas the second (symptomatic) group exhibited more frequent symptoms and sensitization. Ninety-nine percentage of children with comorbidities (co-occurrence of asthma, rhinitis and/or eczema) were included in the symptomatic group at both ages. The children's characteristics in both groups were consistent in all sensitivity analyses.At 4 and 8 years, at the population level, asthma, rhinitis and eczema can be classified together as an allergic comorbidity cluster. Future research including time-repeated assessments and biological data will help understanding the interrelationships between these diseases.
Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Rodger L. Bick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Thrombosis was identified as a complication of cancer by Trousseau in 1865, and the combination of the two conditions is still often called Trousseau's syndrome. Arterial and, more commonly, venous thrombosis is a frequent complication of cancer and sometimes a harbinger of occult cancer. Moreover, the use of new and aggressive therapy for cancer increases the risk of thrombosis.There are many causes of thrombosis in cancer. Cancer itself is often the underlying mechanism. When cells of the monocyte or macrophage lineage interact with malignant cells, they release tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6, causing endothelial damage and sloughing of . . .
Is it traffic type, volume, or distance? Wheezing in infants living near truck and bus traffic
Authors: Patrick H. Ryan, Grace LeMasters, Jocelyn Biagini, David Bernstein, Sergey A. Grinshpun, Rakesh Shukla, Kimberly Wilson, Manuel Villareal, Jeff Burkle, James Lockey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Severe Facial Injuries to Infants due to Unprovoked Attacks by Pet Ferrets
Authors: John W. Paisley
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Three infants were attacked by pet ferrets and sustained severe facial injuries. Two of the children had their ears bitten off and required reconstructive surgery. The attacks were unprovoked. Two of the children were asleep in their cribs when they were bitten. Although ferrets are increasingly popular pets, we believe that they are not suitable pets for families with small children. Physicians should be aware that ferrets may unpredictably injure infants and that no effective rabies vaccine for ferrets is yet available.
A Celebration of Medical History: The Fiftieth Anniversary of The Johns Hopkins Institute of the History of Medicine and the Welch Medical Library
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This volume, which "celebrates" medical history, has a twofold thrust and, as a result, a rather schizoid character. One part truly celebrates the 50th anniversary of The Johns Hopkins Institute of Medicine, with its Welch Medical Library, and brings into relief the famous former heads of the Institute—Welch, Sigerist, Shryock, and Temkin. In this part of the book, five papers deal with libraries, library science, and particularly with the Welch Library. These papers, in the aggregate, form a unified contribution that will have a wide and enduring interest. Those who were privileged to attend the program in person saw, in addition, films and taped interviews that made a pleasurable and indelible impression. The film presentations, of course, could not be incorporated into the book. The second part of the volume would seem to be directed toward "medical history" in general rather than the Hopkins achievement in particular. For this part
The Incidentalome
Authors: Isaac S. Kohane, Daniel R. Masys, Russ B. Altman
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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HLA and Immune Response
Authors: Candace C. McCombs
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the article by Weissman et al that reports an association of HLA-DR3, DR4, and DR7 with nonresponsiveness to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.<sup>1</sup>These same HLA-DR antigens have an increased prevalence of celiac disease, a disorder in which an immune response to dietary gliadin seems to underlie the intestinal damage. HLA-DR3 and DR7 have in common a frequent association with the allele DQ2. It now seems that the "primary" association with celiac disease may be that of HLA-DQ2.<sup>2-5</sup>It would be interesting to see if the nonresponders with HLA-DR3 and DR7 in the study by Weissman et al also have HLA-DQ2. In the case of celiac disease, a collaborative study by the Ninth Histocompatibility Workshop found that in a group of patients with celiac disease who lacked either DR3 or DR7, some had DQ2 in the absence of DR3 or DR7, while