tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER: CURRENT RESULTS IN PHASE I PROTOCOLS
Authors: S J DeNardo, L F O??Grady, E L Kramer, C M Rlchman, K A Warhoe, Q A Salako, S L Mills, R L Ceriani, G L DeNardo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

DeNardo, S. J.1; O'Grady, L. F.1; Krame, E. L2; Richman, C. M.1; Warhoe, K. A.1; Salako, Q. A.1; Mills, S. L.3; Ceriani, R. L.4; DeNardo, G. L.1 Author Information
The Infected Health Care Provider
Authors: Julie Louise Gerberding
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known to have been transmitted during invasive procedures from 34 infected health care providers to at least 350 patients in the United States and elsewhere since the early 1970s.1 All the health care providers who were tested had hepatitis B e antigen, a marker of a high titer of virus. Five of the 11 infected surgeons who resumed performing surgery after they had received the diagnosis subsequently transmitted HBV to additional patients. The circumstances were similar in the outbreak described by Harpaz et al. in this issue of the Journal. 2 In contrast, there has been . . .
The Role of Therapeutic Endoscopy Associated with Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy and Bile Acid Treatment in the Management of Caroli's Disease
Authors: F. X. Caroli-Bosc, J. F. Demarquay, M. Conio, E. P. Peten, M. J. M. Buckley, O. Paolini, J. R. Armengol-Miro, J. P. Delmont, R. Dumas
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Caroli's disease causes relapsing episodes of cholangitis due to the presence of intrahepatic lithiasis. Strategies for cholangitis prevention are still widely debated. Ursodeoxycholic acid, hepaticojejunostomy, partial hepatectomy, or transplantation, have all been proposed as therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of therapeutic endoscopy, and especially endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), in the management of Caroli's disease.Between 1983 and 1995, six patients with Caroli's disease (mean age 52, range 17-75) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for acute cholangitis. Sphincterotomy was performed if common bile duct stones were present. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, (ESWL) or intraductal electrohydraulic lithotripsy (IEL) were performed if necessary.The mean number of endoscopic sessions per patient was four (range three to seven). Sphincterotomy was performed in five patients and cholangioscopy in three. ESWL was performed twice in each of four patients. A Strecker expandable metal stent was placed in one patient to maintain sphincterotomy patency. In one patient, two sessions of IEL and pulsed laser were carried out. Complete clearance of intrahepatic stones was achieved in four of the six subjects (66.6%) and partial clearance in two patients. No morbidity or mortality was observed. During the follow-up (mean 6.2 years; range: 2.1-16.3), only two patients had acute cholangitis at nine months and three years, respectively, after the endoscopic treatment. Both had residual intrahepatic stones left after the initial endoscopic attempt at clearance.ERCP is a necessary diagnostic procedure which should always be carried out in patients with Caroli's disease. Our experience shows that ES does not result in an increased incidence of cholangitis and that therapeutic endoscopy allows complete clearance of intrahepatic stones in the majority of patients with unresectable symptomatic Caroli's disease. Nevertheless, the oncological risk in these patients remains unchanged, and they still have an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma.
FASCIAE OF THE UROGENITAL TRIANGLE
Authors: MILEY B. WESSON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Before proceeding to a discussion of the anatomy of the perineum, it is interesting to note that the pure anatomist has no counterpart for some of the terms used by the surgeon. Denonvilliers' fascia, the rectourethralis muscle, Buck's fascia and Colles' fascia are surgical terms used to designate conveniently certain anatomic landmarks which to the anatomist are not definite structures. The lack of liaison between the dissecting room and the operating amphitheater is responsible for much of our inaccurate knowledge and bizarre perineal surgery. Probably because of the hardened fasciae in embalmed bodies, there is a tendency for the dissector to consider the urogenital diaphragm as the keystone of the perineum, the other structures being formed secondarily, and to discredit all theories that do not presuppose the presence of a primary rigid double walled triangular membrane perforated by the urethra. This is largely an assumption which the embryologic facts as
A Fail-safe Mechanism for Negative Selection of Isotype-switched B Cell Precursors Is Regulated by the Fas/FasL Pathway
Authors: Jane Seagal, Efrat Edry, Zohar Keren, Nira Leider, Ofra Benny, Marcelle Machluf, Doron Melamed
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

In B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin (Ig)M receptors drive development and construction of naive repertoire, whereas IgG receptors promote formation of the memory B cell compartment. This isotype switching process requires appropriate B cell activation and T cell help. In the absence of T cell help, activated B cells undergo Fas-mediated apoptosis, a peripheral mechanism contributing to the establishment of self-tolerance. Using Igμ-deficient μMT mouse model, where B cell development is blocked at pro-B stage, here we show an alternative developmental pathway used by isotype-switched B cell precursors. We find that isotype switching occurs normally in B cell precursors and is T independent. Ongoing isotype switching was found in both normal and μMT B cell development as reflected by detection of IgG1 germline and postswitch transcripts as well as activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression, resulting in the generation of IgG-expressing cells. These isotype-switched B cells are negatively selected by Fas pathway, as blocking the Fas/FasL interaction rescues the development of isotype-switched B cells in vivo and in vitro. Similar to memory B cells, isotype-switched B cells have a marginal zone phenotype. We suggest a novel developmental pathway used by isotype-switched B cell precursors that effectively circumvents peripheral tolerance requirements. This developmental pathway, however, is strictly controlled by Fas/FasL interaction to prevent B cell autoimmunity.
Dual Function of Pancreatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase in Tumor Cell Growth Arrest and Survival
Authors: Aparna C. Ranganathan, Shishir Ojha, Antonis Kourtidis, Douglas S. Conklin, Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eIF2α signaling, a component of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, has been proposed as a therapeutic target due to its importance to cell survival in hypoxic tumors. In this study, we show that in addition to promoting survival, PERK can also suppress tumor growth of advanced carcinomas. Our results show that in squamous carcinoma T-HEp3 cells, which display low PERK-eIF2α signaling, inducible activation of an Fv2E-PERK fusion protein results in a strong G0-G1 arrest in vitro. Most importantly, Fv2E-PERK activation, in addition to promoting survival in vitro, inhibits T-HEp3 and SW620 colon carcinoma growth in vivo. Increased PERK activation is linked to enhanced p-eIF2α levels, translational repression, and a decrease in Ki67, pH 3, and cycD1/D3 levels, but not to changes in angiogenesis or apoptosis. Experimental reduction of PERK activity, or overexpression of GADD34 in a spontaneously arising in vivo quiescent variant of HEp3 cells that displays strong basal PERK-eIF2α activation, reverts their quiescent phenotype. We conclude that the growth-inhibitory function of PERK is preserved in tumors and upon proper reactivation can severely inhibit tumor growth through induction of quiescence. This is an important consideration in the development of PERK-based therapies, as its inhibition may facilitate the proliferation of slow-cycling or dormant tumor cells. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3260–8]
Late-onset post-pneumonectomy empyema.
Authors: W F Kerr
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Nine cases of empyema developing more than three months after pneumonectomy are presented. Diagnosis is difficult; with one exception, all the patients had been ill for at least three weeks and some for several months before the cause was discovered. In four, the radiological demonstration of gas in a previously opaque hemithorax led to the diagnosis. One of these had a bronchial fistula, two had oesophageal fistulae, and one had both. The remaining patients had no fistulae and the diagnoses were not made until empyema necessitatis had developed. Two from this group yielded pure cultures of pneumococci and one a pure culture of Streptococcus viridans. Except for one patient admitted moribund, all were treated in the first instance by rib resection and open drainage without tubes and all survived. Four of the five without fistulae subsequently had their drainage sinuses successfully closed after the infection of the chest wall had cleared. The belief that a pneumonectomy space normally becomes obliterated is challenged. The history and mode of onset of some of these cases suggested that infection of the residual fluid was bloodborne.
HISTORY OF AN OUTBREAK OF TYPHUS FEVER AT WOODHOUSE EAVES, LEICESTERSHIRE
Authors: J. Barclay
Journal: BMJ (1856)

beore Sir B. Brodie wrote, were looked upon as even malignant; more ceful modern inquiry, however, shows that there may be pulpy thickening of these tissues, chronic inflammation of the synovia capsule, or even a third form of disease, scrofulous destruction of the heads of the bones-in fsct, the anomalous conditions known as " white swelling"- and yet the disease may be curable.Mr. Stanley places great reliance on the use of chloro- form, as enabling the surgeon to break up fibrinous bands in and around the joint that impede its motion, as well as on the careful use of cod-liver oil, shampooing under certain restrictions, sea air, iron, iodine, etc., in restoring the patient's general health.The patient must be fully under the effects of chloroform, then the limb forcibly, but steadily bent, when loud snaps, or a crunching in the knee- joint, for instance, will be felt.The whole limb must be kept very quiet, and put up in a straight splint.Evaporating lotions are applied if necessary; and, in some obstinate cases of white swelling of the knee, or simple inflammatory disease, the hamstring tendons may be cut.In the prac- tice of Mr. Paget, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Cock, and Mr.Erichsen, we have also observed the good effects of this line of treatment, even in limbs that have not been put to the ground for years in consequence of anchylosis.Mr. Stanley related to his class recently a very remarkable case of a medical man, a provincial practitioner, who had become incapacitated for his usual employment in consequeuce of this sort of anchylosis of all his joints from rheumatism, but where the chloroform treatment succeeded to perfec- tion, allowing him to return to his professional duties quite restored to health.
Marital Sexual Dysfunction: Introductory Concepts
Authors: STEPHEN B. LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The concepts presented in this overview of marital sexual dysfunction are derived from increasing clinical experience with couples who seek help for their sexual problems. These couples, in marked contrast to couples with good sexual functioning, usually report a steady state of emotional dissatisfaction and minimal physical pleasure from sex. The effectual and behavioral consequences of persistent dysfunction are reviewed. Sexual therapy is discussed in terms of its two elements, sensate focus and psychotherapy. The various tasks which the sexual therapist may have to accomplish with individual couples are described. Consideration is given to the specific hypotheses usually offered as explanation for sexual dysfunction—i.e., organic factors, varying degrees of relationship failure, poor communication, sexual ignorance, performance anxiety, and intrapsychic residua of past experience. A protocol for the screening physician to use in the formulation of a reasonable clinical plan for dysfunctional couples is included.
Injury potential evaluation of the upper extremity and torso of three tennis serve types using a novel markerless motion system
Authors: G Abrams, A Sheets, S Corazza, T Andriacchi, M Safran
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The tennis serve is the most common stroke in tennis and is the single stroke most associated with musculoskeletal injury in tennis. Previous investigations have utilised marker-based systems which are prone to error and also have not evaluated all three types of serves. Objective Utilise a novel markerless video system to determine whether the kick and slice serves produced greater forces/torques about the torso and upper extremity versus the flat serve. Design Single recording session. Setting Outdoor regulation tennis court. Participants Seven NCAA Division I male tennis players. Interventions Three successful flat, kick, and slice serves. Main outcome measurements Back extension angle; total forces at back, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Results Maximum back extension angle was significantly higher for the kick serve versus the slice (40.5 vs 37.3°; p=0.01) while there was a trend towards significance in the kick compared to the flat serve (40.5 vs 38.6°; p=0.096). Maximum external rotation of the shoulder was not significantly different between flat, kick, and slice serves (89.8 vs 90.1 vs 91.5°; p&gt;0.67). The kick serve showed greater total back force (2974 vs 2138 vs 2568 N; p&lt;0.05) and posterior shoulder force (1370 vs 809 vs 741 N, p&lt;0.05) versus the flat and slice. The slice serve demonstrated lower torques at the elbow (71.1 vs 87.0 vs 89.3 N-m; p&lt;0.05) and wrist (20.9 vs 33.5 vs 27.9 N-m; p&lt;0.05) compared to the flat and kick serves. Conclusion The kick serve places higher stresses on the back and shoulder while the slice is the least injurious to the elbow and wrist. This data may help provide guidelines for injury prevention, rehabilitation, and possibly for return to play after injury or surgery.
Screening for pulmonary embolism with a D-dimer assay: do we still need to assess clinical probability as well?
Authors: C. J Hammond
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Clinical risk stratification and D-dimer assay can be of use in excluding pulmonary embolism in patients presenting to emergency departments but many D-dimer assays exist and their accuracy varies. We used clinical risk stratification combined with a quantitative latex-agglutination D-dimer assay to screen patients before arranging further imaging if required. Retrospective analysis of a sequential series of 376 patients revealed that no patient with a D-dimer of <275 ng/mL was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, irrespective of clinical probability. We conclude that a latex-agglutination assay could be used to exclude pulmonary embolism without the necessity for clinical risk stratification. If these findings are borne out by further work, D-dimer strategies to exclude pulmonary embolism could substantially reduce imaging workload.
In older adults, high- vs standard-dose influenza vaccine reduced laboratory-confirmed influenza
Authors: Calvin Hirsch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

ACP Journal Club20 January 2015In older adults, high- vs standard-dose influenza vaccine reduced laboratory-confirmed influenzaCalvin Hirsch, MDCalvin Hirsch, MDUniversity of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA (C.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2015-162-2-002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationDiazGranados CA, Dunning AJ, Kimmel M, et al. Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:635-45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25119609Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Geriatrics: Infectious Disease: References1. Gorina Y, Kelly T, Lubitz J, Hines Z. Trends in influenza and pneumonia among older persons in the United States. Aging Trends: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; February 2008. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ahcd/agingtrends/08influenza.pdf (accessed 3 Nov 2014). Google Scholar2. Ferguson M, Risi G, Davis M, et al. Safety and long-term humoral immune response in adults after vaccination with an H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine with or without AS03 adjuvant. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:733-44. [PMID: 22315336] Google Scholar3. Falsey AR, Treanor JJ, Tornieporth N, Capellan J, Gorse GJ. Randomized, double-blind controlled phase 3 trial comparing the immunogenicity of high-dose and standard-dose influenza vaccine in adults 65 years of age and older. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:172-80. [PMID: 19508159] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Calvin Hirsch, MDAffiliations: University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA (C.H.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 January 2015. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 January 2015Volume 162, Issue 2Page: JC2KeywordsBreathingElderlyH1N1PharyngitisPneumoniaRelative riskSneezingSputumTemperatureVaccines ePublished: 20 January 2015 Issue Published: 20 January 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COOMBS' TEST
Authors: JOEL M. SEIDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 May 1968SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COOMBS' TESTJOEL M. SEIDMAN, M.D.JOEL M. SEIDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1137_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: I read with interest the article by Bohnen and associates on the clinical significance of the Coombs' test. (Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 19, 1968). However, the concepts put forth by the authors might be more helpful if they could supply a bit more data.First, the authors do not break down the number of patients according to sex, thus making it difficult for the reader to interpret the statement on p. 21 that they found ". . . a positive Coombs' reaction in 11 women of whom 6 had malignant and 5 had benign tumors of the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOEL M. SEIDMAN, M.D.Affiliations: Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1137-1137KeywordsBenign tumors ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE OCCURRENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION WITH A SCARLATINIFORM RASH
Authors: FRANKLIN A. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Considerable advance has been made in the last few years in the diagnosis of scarlet fever. While the typical case has seldom confused the experienced clinician, the diagnosis of many borderline cases has been difficult. These atypical exanthems have fallen into two groups. The first group comprises cases resembling scarlatina in many respects yet with sufficient deviation from the usual signs and symptoms to render the diagnosis questionable. Filatow 1 and Dukes 2 have described epidemics of such peculiar exanthems. Sporadic instances of infection also occur. The second group includes the exanthems associated with surgical infections. Malfatti 3 described puerperal scarlatina in 1801, and Paget 4 noted in 1864 that scarlet fever might accompany the infection of wounds. Since the etiology of scarlet fever has been established, we know that puerperal and surgical scarlatina occur; but clinical diagnosis is difficult unless the infection follows intimate contact with known cases of
Tracking Navigation Imaging of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Three-Dimensional Cone-Beam CT Angiography
Authors: Yasunori Minami, Yukinobu Yagyu, Takamichi Murakami, Masatoshi Kudo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purpose: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;New tracking navigation imaging software was used to evaluate the usefulness of three dimensional (3D) CT angiography for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Fifty-two patients with 73 HCCs were enrolled in this study retrospectively. Rotational angiography was performed from the hepatic artery for evaluation of the tumor feeding vessels. Arteries feeding the tumor were traced automatically by adjusting the region of interest around the targeted tumor on axial and coronal images using tracking navigation imaging with 3D cone-beam CT angiography. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Using final selective angiographic findings as the gold standard, the detection of feeding vessels was 90.4% (66/73) for tracking navigation imaging and 50.7% (37/73) for celiac trunk angiography. This difference was statistically significant (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p &lt; 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the detection of feeding arteries were 97.1% (66/68), 80.0% (4/5), 98.5% (66/67), and 66.7% (4/6), respectively. The kappa coefficient had a value of 0.638 (95% CI: 0.471-0.805), which is considered to indicate a good degree of agreement. With the assistance of tracking navigation imaging, the disease control rate of TACE for HCC was 67.3% (35/52) according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. During follow-up periods of 1-11 months, 10 patients (19.2%) remained cancer-free after TACE. Conclusion: Tracking navigation imaging with 3D cone-beam CT angiography should be useful for TACE in HCC patients with complicated feeding arteries.
Disease amelioration in the K/BxN mouse model of spontaneous chronic arthritis after CD8 T cell depletion
Authors: B R Raposo, A M Agua-Doce, J A Pereira da Silva, L Graca, M M Souto-Carneiro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

CD8 T cells are part of the T cell pool infiltrating the rheumatoid synovial membrane. Moreover, CD8 T cells have been linked to the formation of synovial ectopic germinal centres in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and they produce proinflammatory cytokines. Hence, CD8 T cells appear to be intimately involved in initiating and maintaining the chronic inflammation in the RA synovium. Nevertheless, studies on animal models of …
Endogenous sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport inhibitor in congestive heart failure
Authors: Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé, Olivier Montagne, Miriam Alvarez-Guerra, Corinne Nazaret, Bertrand Crozatier, Pascal Gueret, Alain Castaigne, Ricardo P. Garay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)