tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First do no harm: does the Hippocratic Oath extend to developing countries?
Authors: Louise Woolrich-Burt
Journal: BMJ (2002)

From November 2000 until May 2001, I worked at a remote primary healthcare clinic in the Chitwan region of Nepal. The clinic serves a rural community of fishermen and subsistence farmers and is supported financially by a charity registered in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar.

Half of the population is under 5 years of age, with infant mortality running at 82 per 1000. There is a 1 in 10 lifetime chance of death in childbirth (compared with 1 in 5100 in the United Kingdom and 1 in 3500 in the United States).

The clinic aimed to improve the health of the local population by providing affordable health care and health education. But it soon became clear to me that, however laudable, this aim was not being met.

My introductory visit to the onsite pharmacy provided me with first hand evidence of the inappropriate nature and naivety of first world donations. Many drugs were out of date and …
Gene gun immunization effectively protects woodchucks from woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection
Authors: R. García, B. Blanco Urgoiti, E. Ziordia, A. Vales, R. Sánchez de la Rosa, J.J. Lasarte, S. Hervás-Stubbs, F. Borrás-Cuesta, J. Ruiz, J. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Don't Crowd Your Slides!
Authors: Dale E. Hammerschmidt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

When I was a trainee, my division head stressed two simple rules in preparing papers for presentation at scientific meetings: (1) don't overload your slides, and (2) put explanatory titles on your data slides. The first rule promoted legibility; the second allowed the viewer to get the general message even if unfamiliar with the techniques used and helped the wandering mind to rediscover the path. I have just attended a national scientific meeting and been impressed anew that these two simple rules are seldom observed, with the result that many speakers' slides proved a distraction from rather than a supplement to the spoken presentation. Although guidelines for slide preparation and presentation are published by manufacturers of photographic materials and equipment, by graphics departments at universities, by the educational divisions of various professional societies, and by the authors of texts for graphics courses, they constitute a body of largely ignored information,
Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Ellen Caldwell, Eve Peabody, Jim Weaver, Diane P. Martin, Margaret Neff, Eric J. Stern, Leonard D. Hudson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Acute lung injury is a critical illness syndrome consisting of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates that are not attributed to left atrial hypertension. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism and treatment of acute lung injury, its incidence and outcomes in the United States have been unclear.
Similar Insulin Sensitivity in NIDDM Patients With Normo- and Microalbuminuria
Authors: Søren Nielsen, Ole Schmitz, Hans Ørskov, Carl Erik Mogensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

To investigate whether insulin resistance and microalbuminuria are associated in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).Insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in 11 normoalbuminuric and 9 microalbuminuric NIDDM patients matched for sex, age, body composition, glycemic control, diabetes duration, and therapy.Isotopically determined glucose disposal was similar in normo- and microalbuminuric patients in the basal state (mean +/- SD; 3.30 +/- 1.01 vs. 3.46 +/- 0.82 mg.kg lean body mass [LBM]-1.min-1; NS) and during hyperinsulinemia (7.16 +/- 2.65 vs. 6.63 +/- 2.88 mg.kg LBM-1.min-1;NS). No difference was observed in nonoxidative glucose disposal or lipid oxidation. Endogenous glucose production was equally suppressed by insulin (-0.08 +/- 0.99 vs. 0.30 +/- 1.12 mg.kg-1 LBM.min-1; NS). Glucose oxidation tended to be lower in the normoalbuminuric patients in the basal state (1.16 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.36 mg.kg LBM-1.min-1) and during hyperinsulinemia (2.35 +/- 0.72 vs. 2.90 +/- 0.77 mg.kg LBM-1.min-1; both P < 0.15). Urinary albumin excretion rate correlated with the insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation rate (r = 0.59, P = 0.0064), and a similar trend was seen in the basal state (r = 0.42, P = 0.063). Protein oxidation was higher in normoalbuminuric patients (1.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.4 mg.kg LBM-1.min-1; P = 0.017) and correlated inversely with albuminuria (r = -0.70, P = 0.0007). Serum growth hormone increased during insulin infusion; however, the increase was significantly greater in microalbuminuric patients. Plasma lipoproteins, maximal aerobic capacity, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were similar in the two groups.Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptakes are comparable in carefully matched normo- and microalbuminuric NIDDM patients, and glucose oxidation may be positively related to albuminuria. The inverse relation between protein oxidation and albuminuria may be due to higher growth hormone levels during daily life perturbations in glucose in microalbuminuric patients.
The chemokine receptor CCR8 mediates human endothelial cell chemotaxis induced by I-309 and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-encoded vMIP-I and by lipoprotein(a)-stimulated endothelial cell conditioned medium
Authors: Nasreen S. Haque, John T. Fallon, Mark B. Taubman, Peter C. Harpel
Journal: Blood (2001)
Dealing in extremes
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In Michael Moore's film Sicko , reviewed this week (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39262.638588.59), a woman in Britain is surprised to be asked how much the birth of her baby cost. She has no idea. Meanwhile, the threat of a $60 000 bill forces a man in America to choose which of his severed fingers will be reattached. Moore wants the US to have a single payer system, and the response to his film (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39258.421111.DB) shows that he is far from alone. His polemic exposes the damage to individuals and society that is caused by a …
Personal Accounts of the Negative and Adaptive Psychosocial Experiences of People With Diabetes in the Second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study
Authors: Heather L. Stuckey, Christine B. Mullan-Jensen, Gérard Reach, Katharina Kovacs Burns, Natalia Piana, Michael Vallis, Johan Wens, Ingrid Willaing, Søren E. Skovlund, Mark Peyrot
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To identify the psychosocial experiences of diabetes, including negative accounts of diabetes and adaptive ways of coping from the perspective of the person with diabetes.Participants were 8,596 adults (1,368 with type 1 diabetes and 7,228 with type 2 diabetes) in the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study. Qualitative data were responses to open-ended survey questions about successes, challenges, and wishes for improvement in living with diabetes and about impactful experiences. Emergent coding developed with multinational collaborators identified thematic content about psychosocial aspects. The κ measure of interrater reliability was 0.72.Analysis identified two negative psychosocial themes: 1) anxiety/fear, worry about hypoglycemia and complications of diabetes, depression, and negative moods/hopelessness and 2) discrimination at work and public misunderstanding about diabetes. Two psychosocial themes demonstrated adaptive ways of coping with diabetes: 1) having a positive outlook and sense of resilience in the midst of having diabetes and 2) receiving psychosocial support through caring and compassionate family, friends, health care professionals, and other people with diabetes.The personal accounts give insight into the psychosocial experiences and coping strategies of people with diabetes and can inform efforts to meet those needs and capitalize on strengths.
Role of endogenous opioids in modulating HSC activity in vitro and liver fibrosis in vivo
Authors: S De Minicis, C Candelaresi, M Marzioni, S Saccomano, T Roskams, A Casini, A Risaliti, R Salzano, N Cautero, F di Francesco, A Benedetti, G Svegliati-Baroni
Journal: Gut (2007)

Endogenous opioids modulate the growth of nervous and non-nervous cells. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main cell phenotype involved in liver fibrogenesis, display molecular markers of neuronal cells and respond to neurotransmitters.To evaluate the role of endogenous opioids on liver fibrogenesis.Activated rat HSCs (passage 1-3) were used to evaluate cell proliferation and intracellular signalling pathway activation. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) administration.Opioid receptors showed a different pattern of expression when measured in quiescent and activated (in vitro and in vivo) HSCs. The activation of opioid receptors increased HSC proliferation and collagen accumulation. Opioid receptor stimulation induced a calcium-dependent protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation that mediated the effect of endogenous opioids on HSC proliferation and collagen synthesis. In DMN-treated rats, the opioid antagonist naloxone reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression (as a marker of HSC activation) and collagen deposition, both measured by morphometry after 5 weeks of treatment. In both DMN-treated rats and human liver biopsies from chronic liver diseases, opioid receptors were observed in HSCs in area of active fibrogenesis. The endogenous opioid met-enkephalin increased its expression in zone 3 hepatocytes close to the area of necrosis after DMN administration and in the cellular target of chronic liver injury in human biopsies, and stimulated HSC proliferation and collagen synthesis.Endogenous opioids released during chronic liver injury participate in the process of liver fibrogenesis by stimulating HSC proliferation and collagen production in a paracrine manner.
Prognosis of Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marwan Refaat
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nuclear medicine in district general hospitals.
Authors: D Croft
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Nuclear medicine is a recognised clinical specialty both nationally and internationally. Compared with other countries, it is inadequately developed in Britain, particularly in district general hospitals. To create clinical radioisotope services at district level physicians or radiologists with experience in nuclear medicine need to be trained and appointed. Such appointments would allow facilities to evolve that would provide either a comprehensive nuclear medicine service formed around a physician or an imaging service based on a radiologist. Such units would improve the care of patients at a reasonable recurring cost of 15 pounds--30 pounds per investigation.
Reinterpretation of G-banded complex karyotypes by fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific DNA painting probes and alpha-satellite centromere-specific DNA probes in malignant hematological disorders
Authors: Guangping Shi, Hans Josef Weh, Dieter Kurt Hossfeld
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

In this study, we have performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific DNA painting probes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 and centromere-specific DNA probes 7, 10, 12, 17, 18, and X after G-banding on the same metaphase spreads from four patients with malignant hematological disorders to more precisely interpret their complex karyotypes. The findings demonstrated that the application of combined G-banding and FISH can more accurately explain complex karyotypes of hematological malignancies. FISH can detect not only the origin of marker chromosomes, but also the complex rearrangements that cannot be identified by routine banding techniques. This approach is very important to complement the cytogenetic analysis of malignant disorders and to evaluate the role of chromosome change in the development, progression, and prognosis of tumors. Am. J. Hematol. 55:69-76, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Familial combined cellular and humoral immune defect with multisystem granulomata.
Authors: W H Perks, I S Petheram
Journal: Thorax (1978)

A brother and sister presented with recurrent respiratory infections. Investigations showed combined cellular and humoral immune defects and non-caseating granulomata in lungs, liver, lymph nodes, and skin. Despite antimycobacterial chemotherapy and corticosteroids in the brother and the additional treatment of human immunoglobulin injections in the sister both patients deteriorated with pulmonary and hepatic involvement.
STUDIES WITH INAGGLUTINABLE ERYTHROCYTE COUNTS. VI. ACCELERATED DESTRUCTION OF NORMAL ADULT ERYTHROCYTES IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA; CONTRIBUTION OF HEMOLYSIS TO THE OLIGOCYTHEMIA 12
Authors: Henry E. Hamilton, Elmer L. DeGowin, Raymond F. Sheets, Clinton D. Janney, Jason A. Ellis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

0 ei) u L) '0 eq 0 O g CS~e
A Community Hospital Payment Experiment Outperforms National Experience
Authors: James A. Block
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Since January 1980, the hospitals in the Rochester, NY, area have been operating under a community-wide revenue cap. This prospective payment system features local administration and control and is the first time a group of hospitals have committed themselves to a comprehensive regional financing system. This system differs from other prospective payment programs in that it covers both inpatient and outpatient care and offers incentives for ambulatory treatment whenever clinically appropriate. In the first five years of this program, the increase in Rochester area hospital expenses was 46%, compared with 52% for New York State hospitals and 68% for US hospitals at large. Further, the financial position of the Rochester hospitals improved, showing an operating margin of 2.6%, compared with a figure of-15.8% for New York State hospitals at large. A community-wide assessment showed no evidence of a reduction in the quality of or access to care. This community system for hospital payment and planning merits serious consideration for areas wishing to realize high-quality care at an affordable cost through a balanced combination of self-regulation, cooperation, and competition.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Monosomy 7 in a Hiroshima Survivor 37 Years After the Bomb
Authors: Raphael B. Stricker
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed in a 53-year-old survivor of the Hiroshima bomb blast. Chromosomal analysis disclosed a single abnormality, deletion of chromosome 7. This deletion has been reported in patients with radiation exposure, but it is uncommon in adults with ALL. The karyotypic abnormality suggests that our patient's leukemia may be related to prior radiation exposure despite a 37-year hiatus. The findings raise further questions about the persistent risk of leukemia among atomic bomb survivors.
TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION FOR SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS - A NEW PARADIGM FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION.
Authors: Rafal Dworakowski, Philip MacCarthy, Mark Monaghan, Simon Redwood, Ahmed El-Gamel, Christopher Young, Vinayat Bapat, Jane Hancock, Karen Wilson, Beth Brickham, Kailasam Rajagopal, Emma Alcock, Olaf Wendler, Martyn R. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Computer controlled repeat prescribing used to analyse drug management.
Authors: F Difford
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In a practice that has been using a computer routinely for more than two years to print, monitor, and audit repeat prescriptions a program was written to analyse combinations of drug treatments. A method is described in which for given diagnoses the computer can identify the appropriate drugs and add them together in a systematic way to produce detailed printouts of the drug management in the practice. A technique by which the computer user can analyse them further on a pharmacological basis is shown.
Regional Uptake of Radioactive Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide in the Lungs of Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: C. T. DOLLERY, J. B. WEST
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Using radioactive oxygen (O 15 ), carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with external counting over the chest, it is possible to measure perfusion and diffusion per unit of lung volume. Patients with mitral stenosis, particularly those with high pulmonary artery pressures, may show a higher blood flow through the upper zone of the lung than the lower. This distribution of blood flow is the reverse of that found in normal subjects. The observed changes in blood flow are consistent with the radiological and pathological changes in the pulmonary vascular tree in mitral stenosis.
Pathophysiological insights into the cardiomyopathy of Chagas' disease.
Authors: S A Morris, H B Tanowitz, M Wittner, J P Bilezikian
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The evidence gained from both human and animal studies of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy suggests that the disease occurs as a consequence of several discrete and progressive pathophysiological processes occurring after infection, the ultimate expression of which depends on a host of unidentified factors. Collectively, the infection-associated events compromise microvasculature function and result in hypoperfusion, with consequences indistinguishable from those observed in other, nonparasitological cardiomyopathic diseases secondary to hypoperfusion. Therefore, chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy may share similar pathophysiological abnormalities with other chronic congestive cardiomyopathic states.
943. Anti-alpha-Synuclein scFv Study
Authors: Chun Zhou, Anne Messer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Alpha-Synuclein (a-syn) has been identified as the major component of Lewy bodies that characterize neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. Overexpression of a-syn, and prefibrillar a-syn oligomers, has been implicated in these pathologies; therefore, prevention of prefibril accumulation, and inhibition of other aberrant effects of overexpressed a-syn, could provide novel treatments. Recent studies revealed the critical motif in non-Ab component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC) responsible for a-syn aggregation and toxicity. We previously selected a human single-chan Fv (scFv) antibody that stabilizes detergent-soluble monomeric a-syn and inhibits the formation of detergent-insoluble high-molecular-weight a-syn species. Here, we further selected human anti-NAC scFv antibodies from a naive yeast scFv library. Among the set of antibodies, we have identified scFv's with high specificity to the critical motif of NAC (aa 61-78 of a-syn). The anti-aggregation and anti-toxicity effects are currently under investigation. Given the important role of a-syn pathology, and the facility with which intrabodies can be further engineered in vitro, anti-a-syn intrabodies may represent novel molecular therapeutics for synucleinopathies, with implications for other neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolded accumulated proteins.
Notable Medical Books From the Lilly Library, Indiana University
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The Lilly Library, which holds many treasures in the history of medicine, has here published an unusual volume that pays tribute to the founder of the Lilly Library and at the same time provides sidelights on medical history as exemplified by the particular volumes in the collection. Discussed, with appropriate illustrations, is a wide range of important texts from the 15th century through the 20th. There are two pages for each volume, one of text, one of illustrations. The text, which gives minimal bibliographic data, provides individualized discussion that ranges widely in the presentation. Sometimes it comments principally on the author, sometimes on the book itself, sometimes on the contemporary medical scene, sometimes on all three aspects. In all cases the significance of the author and of his publication emerge clearly, with variable amount of general and medical background. The illustrations, handsomely reproduced, have varying origins. Some are taken directly
The role of 2 FOXP3 isoforms in the generation of human CD4+ Tregs
Authors: S. E. Allan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Little is known about the molecules that control the development and function of CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Recently, it was shown that the transcription factor FOXP3 is necessary and sufficient for the generation of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in mice. We investigated the capacity of FOXP3 to drive the generation of suppressive CD4+CD25+ Tregs in humans. Surprisingly, although ectopic expression of FOXP3 in human CD4+ T cells resulted in induction of hyporesponsiveness and suppression of IL-2 production, it did not lead to acquisition of significant suppressor activity in vitro. Similarly, ectopic expression of FOXP3Δ2, an isoform found in human CD4+CD25+ Tregs that lacks exon 2, also failed to induce the development of suppressor T cells. Moreover, when FOXP3 and FOXP3Δ2 were simultaneously overexpressed, although the expression of several Treg-associated cell surface markers was significantly increased, only a modest suppressive activity was induced. These data indicate that in humans, overexpression of FOXP3 alone or together with FOXP3Δ2 is not an effective method to generate potent suppressor T cells in vitro and suggest that factors in addition to FOXP3 are required during the process of activation and/or differentiation for the development of bona fide Tregs.