tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Artery Grafting
Authors: P. Martin, H. Gaylis
Journal: BMJ (1957)

FAMILIAL ULCERS AND MUTILATING LESIONS BmDISH 371 miniature feet, the tiny toes of which continued to be identifiable although reduced to the size of nipples.The reduction in girth and length extended cuff-like as far as the lower third of the forearm, and we are not acquainted with any disease in which arms and forearms as muscular as those of adults are provided with the wrists and hands of a child of 2. The nose and ears had undergone less marked changes in shape.The affected extremities showed no vascular disturbances; the pulsations disappeared on palpation of the arteries.The changes of the skin were a mixture of paper-like atrophy, keratosis, and bands of cyanosis.The nails had been reduced to a thin film and their surfaces corresponded with the size of fingers and toes.Obviously osteolysis of the extremities had taken on such a grotesque appearance in these patients because it had occurred in infancy.There is no doubt, however, that the other endocrinopathic and trophic changes of the soft tissues elsewhere described and particularly stressed in adults had also occurred in this brother and sister.These endocrine changes, however, are inconstant, for both primary and secondary sex characteristics in the brother and sister described by Hozay (1953) showed a development in keeping with their age.Changes of the skin, muscles, and vessels as well as the endocrine constitution have not been taken into account in adopting the term acro-osteolysis. ConclusionsUlcers and mutilating lesions of the extremities are due to affections of the spinal ganglia, of the spinal nerve roots, and, to a certain extent, of the peripheral nerve trunks and networks.The pathological lesions may predominate in any of these structures.Neurological
Thallium 201 kinetics in stunned myocardium characterized by severe postischemic systolic dysfunction.
Authors: C A Moore, J Cannon, D D Watson, S Kaul, G A Beller
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The hypothesis tested in this study was that despite the presence of severe postischemic myocardial dysfunction ("stunning"), the extraction and subsequent intracellular washout of thallium 201 should be preserved as long as irreversible sarcolemmal membrane injury was avoided. To produce myocardial stunning, 19 open-chested dogs with a critical left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis underwent 10 5-minute periods of total LAD occlusion, each interspersed by 10 minutes of reperfusion by reflow through the critical stenosis. In another 12 control dogs observed for the same time period, no LAD occlusions were performed after placement of the critical stenosis. Hemodynamics, regional myocardial thickening by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography, and microsphere-determined regional blood flows were serially measured. In 18 stunned dogs, systolic thickening in the LAD zone was markedly reduced to 0.4 +/- 2.4% at 40 minutes after the 10th reperfusion period compared with 32.5 +/- 2.2% thickening (p less than 0.001) in 12 control dogs at a matched time. The 201Tl first-pass extraction fraction determined by a double-isotope method using intracoronary 201Tl administration was comparable after the 10th reflow in a subgroup of 13 stunned (0.78) and six control (0.79) dogs. The T1/2 for the intracellular washout rate was also not significantly different in another group of six stunned (60 +/- 13 minutes) and six control (53 +/- 14 minutes) dogs, nor was the percentage of the 201Tl dose initially distributed in the interstitial compartment (11 +/- 3% vs. 7 +/- 2%). Systemic hemodynamics and regional flows were comparable in the two groups at 40 minutes after the 10th reflow. No dog had evidence of myocardial necrosis by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Thus, normal myocardial 201Tl extraction and washout kinetics are observed in a canine model of severe postischemic dysfunction (stunning) produced by repetitive brief LAD occlusions. These findings might have important clinical implications concerning the application of rest 201Tl scintigraphy for evaluation of perfusion and viability in patients with coronary artery disease and regional myocardial asynergy that is ultimately reversible.
Reduced Krüppel-like factor 2 expression may aggravate the endothelial injury of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Fang Zhong, Habing Chen, Chengguo Wei, Weijia Zhang, Zhengzhe Li, Mukesh K. Jain, Peter Y. Chuang, Hongyu Chen, Yongjun Wang, Sandeep K. Mallipattu, John C. He
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
HEADACHE.Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: JAMES W. PUTNAM
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Headache is a symptom arising from such a variety of constitutional and local conditions, that to treat it properly it is necessary to arrive at a just estimate of the patient's standard of health. For no other symptom is it more important to carefully' examine the patient as to heredity and constitutional taint. As to heredity, the inheritance may be direct, or it may be that the neuropathic parents, who may have been epileptic, or insane, or alcoholic, have transmitted to their offspring an instability of the nervous system which, instead of being of the same variety as that of the parent, has manifested itself as headache arising on various pretexts, as fatigue, worry, eye strain, etc. Having determined the fact of inheritance in a given case, the examination of the patient requires a correct estimate of the constitutional conditions which may be present, whether the patient has been afflicted
Current Trends in Atherosclerosis Research
Authors: LOUIS N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Obviously, crystallization of information concerning atherosclerosis will come only by the proper free interplay and adequate fusion of the three major approaches to the problem, epidemiologic, clinical and experimental. We are getting to our goal--but we have not reached it yet. We have a motif, the life span unbalanced luxus diet, rich in calories, fats and cholesterol. We must look into other aspects, as for example: (1) the causes for localization of lesions in particular sites, (2) the causes for intimal ulceration, (3) the influence of hemorrhage and thrombosis, (4) the influence of physical and psychic stresses. These are, as it were, decorations to beautify the motif, they must not be mistaken for the motif itself. We have come a long way along the road to the solution of the problem of atherosclerosis in the last two decades. The goal is dimly glimpsed through the haze ahead. But we are not there yet, considerable labor on the part of many, carried out in a truly scientific atmosphere still lies ahead. But the reward will more than repay the effort still to be employed.
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
Authors: E. Eugene Baillie
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the article entitled "Diagnosis of Secondary Forms of Hypertension: A Comprehensive Protocol" by Grims et al (237:1331-1335, 1977), I would like to compliment the authors on an excellent protocol. In reviewing the algorithm for the evaluation of secondary hypertension, I would like to make special comment about the suggestion of intravenous pyelogram (IVP) on an outpatient basis before admission and early performance of renal angiograms before results of urinary biogenic amines are available. Commonly used radiopaque x-ray contrast media interfere with laboratory procedures for metanephrines and/or catecholamines if any of the various column chromatography procedures available are used in the performance of the test.<sup>1,2</sup>It is believed that the x-ray contrast material (most commonly methylglucamine) blocks the binding sites in the column allowing the biogenic amines to pass through the column unbound. When the column is eluted, the biogenic amines will not be
Nuclear Medicine Studies Using Pharmacologic Intervention Confirm Both Renovascular Hypertension and Improvement in Cerebral Perfusion After Surgery in a Child With Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Frank Fiumara, Carolyn Louda, Monica A. Rossleigh, Andrew R. Rosenberg, Gad Kainer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an idiopathic progressive disorder associated with stenosis or occlusion of the cerebral vasculature with particular involvement of the circle of Willis and the arteries that feed it. Renal artery lesions and renovascular hypertension (RVH) in MMD have been described by many authors. Captopril renography is a sensitive screening investigation for RVH in adults and children. Basal/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT with Tc-99m HMPAO performed in MMD can disclose regions of decreased cerebral perfusion and cerebrovascular reserve, which can be improved by revascularization surgery.
Intrauterin Contraceptive Devices
Authors: J. M. Tattersall
Journal: BMJ (1965)

JoBuin facial paralysis, as did the nine patients who had no detectable impairment of taste.Of 14 patients first tested after the 14th day nine had loss of taste, of whom only five had denervation and ultimately did badly.One of the remaining five, who did not show ageusia, had fibre degeneration, and a poor final recovery.We believe that the discrepancies between these findings and those of Drs.Peiris and
Lichenoid eruption due to methyldopa.
Authors: P J Holt, A Navaratnam
Journal: BMJ (1974)

BRITISH MEDICAL jouRNAL 27 juLY 1974 who are also "clotters" who develop deep vein thrombosis, and this may explain the lower incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the smokers as a whole.None of these theories is really satisfactory but whatever the true explanation the observations are important when it comes to making decisions about which patients should be given anticoagulant therapy to prevent thromboembolic complications after myocardial infarction.Non-smokers join those with clinically significant varicose veins and those with a history of previous thromboembolism in the high-risk group, in whom prophylactic anticoagulant therapy is in- dicated (Emerson, 1974; Emerson et al., 1974).
Sex Differences in Health Status After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Viola Vaccarino, Zhen Qiu Lin, Stanislav V. Kasl, Jennifer A. Mattera, Sarah A. Roumanis, Jerome L. Abramson, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Although previous studies have shown functional improvements in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, data are conflicting on whether the gains achieved by women are similar to or less than those achieved by men. Methods and Results— We compared physical and psychological functional gains and readmission rates between 777 men and 295 women who underwent first CABG consecutively between February 1999 and February 2001. Physical function and mental health were measured by means of the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). At 6 months, both men and women showed, on average, a significant improvement in physical function and mental health, but men improved significantly more than women. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, the mean score improvement in women was half that of men for physical function (7.3 versus 14.0, P =0.0002) and 25% less than that of men for mental health (−3.0 versus 8.9, P =0.026). The absolute rates of adverse outcomes, such as hospital readmission, worsening functional status, and worsening mental health, were significantly higher in women (32.6%, 25.7%, and 17.5%, respectively) than in men (21.2%, 11.1%, and 12.6%, respectively) and remained significantly different in multivariable analysis. Conclusions— CABG surgery is associated with lower functional gains and higher readmission rates in women compared with men 6 months after operation.
FAMILY CARE: SELECTION AND PREDICTION
Authors: DONALD T. LEE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

This study of a population of 378 patients selected for family care homes revealed a predomination of older women and younger men diagnosed schizophrenic reaction who had a median hospitalization of almost 2 years. When these patients returned from family care it usually occurred in less than 3 months. One year was an adequate time lapse to evaluate successful stay out of the hospital. The variables of length of hospitalization and previous times out on convalescent leave could be combined into an index which, if for any given case was below the median, may be indicative of success. The Departure Index may be a useful conceptual instrument for the prediction of success not only in family care placement but in general.
Use of A U16 snoRNA-containing Ribozyme Library to Identify Ribozyme Targets in HIV-1
Authors: Hoshang J Unwalla, Haitang Li, Shi-Yang Li, Danny Abad, John J Rossi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Hammerhead ribozymes have been shown to silence human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gene expression by site-specific cleavage of viral mRNA. The two major factors that determine whether ribozymes will be effective for post-transcriptional gene silencing are colocalization of the ribozyme and the target RNAs, and the choice of an appropriate target site on the mRNA. An effective screening strategy for potential targets on the viral genome is the use of ribozyme libraries in cell culture. Capitalizing on previous findings that HIV-1 and ribozymes can be colocalized in the nucleolus, we created a novel hammerhead ribozyme library by inserting hammerhead ribozymes with fully randomized stems 1 and 2 into the body of the U16 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). Following three rounds of cotransfection with an HIV-1 proviral DNA harboring the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene, we selected for gancyclovir-resistant cells and identified a ribozyme sequence that could potentially target both the U5 and gag genes of HIV-1 regions on the HIV-1 genome through partial homologies with these targets. When the ribozymes were converted to full complementarity with the targets, they provided potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication in cell culture. These results provide a novel approach for identifying ribozyme targets in HIV-1.
Shortfall of equipment for neonatal intensive care and the introduction of budget holding contracts.
Authors: A C Fenton, D J Field
Journal: BMJ (1990)

As adequate allowance must be made for the costs of purchasing, maintaining, and updating equipment during the development of contracts the current standing of neonatal units with regard to available equipment was assessed. Data were collected as part of a one year prospective survey of the 17 perinatal units in the Trent region. Adequacy of provision of equipment for recognised intensive care cost was assessed using the recommendations of the British Paediatric Association and British Association of Perinatal Paediatrics. It was assumed that units without recognised intensive care cost had to be able to equip one cot to a standard of intensive care level 1 in the short term. Equipment more than 5 years old was considered likely to warrant replacement or major maintenance within the next two years. With these guidelines over 600,000 pounds would be required to provide sufficient equipment for all recognised level 1 intensive care cost and to allow units without funded cost to provide this level of care in the short term and to replace existing equipment more than 5 years old for these cost alone. This amount could be reduced by 25% by subdividing intensive care cost into levels 1 and 2, thereby reducing equipment requirements, but this would impair the units' ability to perform level 1 care at funded provision, which has already been shown to need expansion. Neither figure takes account of equipment requirements for infants requiring special care. In addition, no allowance has been made for purchase or update of ultrasound scanners or blood gas analysers. If the government's proposed reforms are to be implemented clinicians need to revise guidelines regarding essential equipment, and plans must be made to correct any existing shortfalls so that they do not become inherited financial liabilities for future budget holders.
The novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib (SCH727965) promotes apoptosis and abrogates microenvironmental cytokine protection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: A J Johnson, Y-Y Yeh, L L Smith, A J Wagner, J Hessler, S Gupta, J Flynn, J Jones, X Zhang, R Bannerji, M R Grever, J C Byrd
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Ion transport in proximal colon of the rat. Sodium depletion stimulates neutral sodium chloride absorption.
Authors: E S Foster, M E Budinger, J P Hayslett, H J Binder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The model of sodium and chloride transport proposed for the colon is based on studies performed in the distal segment and tacitly assumes that ion transport is similar throughout the colon. In rat distal colon, neutral sodium-chloride absorption accounts for the major fraction of overall sodium absorption and aldosterone stimulates electrogenic, amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption. Since we have demonstrated qualitative differences in potassium transport in proximal and distal segments of rat colon, unidirectional 22Na and 36Cl fluxes were performed under short-circuit conditions across isolated proximal colon of control and sodium-depleted rats with secondary hyperaldosteronism. In the control group, net sodium absorption (JNanet) (7.4 +/- 0.5 mu eq/h . cm2) was greater than Isc (1.4 +/- 0.1 mu eq/h . cm2), and JClnet was 0 in Ringer solution. Residual flux (JR) was -5.2 +/- 0.5 mu eq/h . cm2 consistent with hydrogen ion secretion suggesting that neutral sodium absorption may represent sodium-hydrogen exchange. 1 mM mucosal amiloride, which inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchange in other epithelia, produced comparable decreases in JNanet and JR (4.1 +/- 0.6 and 3.2 +/- 0.6 mu eq/h . cm2, respectively) without a parallel fall in Isc. Sodium depletion stimulated JNanet, JClnet, and Isc by 7.0 +/- 1.4, 6.3 +/- 1.9, and 0.8 +/- 0.2 mu eq/h . cm2, respectively, and 1 mM amiloride markedly inhibited JNanet and JClnet by 6.0 +/- 1.1 and 4.0 +/- 1.6 mu eq/h . cm2, respectively, with only a minimal reduction in Isc. Conclusions: the predominant neutral sodium-absorptive mechanism in proximal colon is sodium-hydrogen exchange. Sodium depletion stimulates electroneutral chloride-dependent sodium absorption (most likely as a result of increasing sodium-hydrogen and chloride-bicarbonate exchanges), not electrogenic chloride-independent sodium transport. The model of ion transport in the proximal colon is distinct from that of the distal colon.
Court should not allow lethal injection for patient with locked-in syndrome, lawyer says
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The High Court should not open the way for a man with locked-in syndrome to have his life ended by a lethal injection, lawyers for the Ministry of Justice told the court in London this week.

Tony Nicklinson, who is paralysed after a stroke, is seeking a declaration that if a doctor killed him with his consent he would have a defence to a …
In the United States, Black Male Children have an Increased Risk of Food Allergy: Results from NHANES 2005-2006
Authors: A.H. Liu, S.H. Sicherer, R.A. Wood, S.A. Bock, A.W. Burks, R. Jaramillo, B. Spruell, M. Massing, D.C. Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Crimes of Violence — Care of the Elderly — Death in the Furrow
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

PUBLIC opinion is becoming increasingly resentful of crime, particularly when it is associated with violence. This was acknowledged when the British Academy of Forensic Sciences recently discussed many aspects of the detection and treatment of crime. Professor Radzinowicz, professor of criminology at Cambridge, admitted that a substantial increase in crime had taken place since 1948 and that criminal behavior had assumed forms that had given rise to anxiety. But anxiety must not be allowed to develop into panic. Indeed, he claimed that London is still one of the world's most law-abiding cities, and he thought that approximately 700 robberies in . . .
Heads or tails, does it make a difference? Capsule endoscope direction in small bowel studies is important
Authors: S. Adler, Y. Metzger
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Capsule endoscopy has opened the small bowel for direct inspection. However, the diagnostic sensitivity of capsule endoscopy is not 100 %. We have observed that forward orientation and backward orientation of the camera in the small bowel provide different information on pathological findings. Double-head capsule endoscopy may offer the answer to this problem.
A holistic approach to environmental health research.
Authors: W A Suk, B E Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

One of the most formidable questions facing the environmental health research community today is how to translate basic fundamental research into a product (e.g., disease outcome) that meets the needs of its stakeholders--the medical community, regulatory agencies, and ultimately, the citizens of our nation. Historically, a successful research program could be defined as one that received continuous funding, produced high-quality publications, and was respected by scientists in related fields. However, it is now apparent that this is not sufficient for attaining improved public health--the ultimate goal of these research efforts. Research results must be transferred in a more active way to the communities and professionals who have need of this information. The link must be recognized, and the roles of the stakeholders in the entire research process must be acknowledged to ensure full impact of the research endeavors.
Immunohistochemical analysis of chronic discoid and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus—relation to immunopathological mechanisms
Authors: B. TEBBE, L. MAZUR, R. STADLER, C.E ORFANOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

An immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies was performed in 18 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE), using the alkaline phosphatase and monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase method (APAAP). The study group was subdivided on the basis of clinical criteria into 10 patients with chronic discoid LE (CDLE) and eight patients with subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE). Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies the following results were obtained: (i) ICAM-1 was expressed on epidermal keratinocytes, dermal inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells in most biopsies, whereas LFA-1 was confined to the dermis. Attachments between keratinocytes or endothelial cells and activated T lymphocytes via ICAM-1/LFA-1 may be a possible mechanism of target/effector recognition in cutaneous LE. (ii) HLA-DR was expressed on epidermal keratinocytes and cells of the dermal infiltrate, but not on endothelial cells. HLA-DR+ cells probably function as antigen-presenting cells, leading to major histocompatibility complex-restricted cellular cytotoxicity in cutaneous LE. (iii) Interleukin 2 receptor expression on dermal inflammatory cells was weak, indicating non-specific activation of T lymphocytes. (iv) The dermal inflammatory cells were T lymphocytes, mainly of the helper/inducer subtype. B lymphocytes were rarely found in the dermis. In general, no significant immunohistochemical differences were found between CDLE and SCLE, suggesting that these variants represent clinical subtypes rather than different pathogenetic entities.
Book Review Saving Sickly Children: The Tuberculosis Preventorium in American Life, 1909–1970 (Critical Issues in Health and Medicine.) By Cynthia A. Connolly. 182 pp., illustrated. New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 2008. $39.95. 978-0-8135-4267-6
Authors: C. Robert Horsburgh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)