tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attenuated forearm vasodilative response to intra-arterial atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure.
Authors: Y Hirooka, A Takeshita, T Imaizumi, S Suzuki, M Yoshida, S Ando, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1990)

It has been shown that renal responses to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are markedly attenuated in patients with heart failure. This study aimed to determine if vasodilative response to ANP is altered in patients with heart failure. In patients with heart failure (n = 7) and age-matched normal subjects (n = 7), forearm blood flow was measured using a strain-gauge plethysmograph during intra-arterial infusion of alpha-human ANP (50, 100, 200, and 400 ng/min) or nitroglycerin (100, 200, 400, and 600 ng/min). Forearm vasodilatation evoked with intra-arterial alpha-human ANP in patients with heart failure was considerably less (p less than 0.01) than that in normal subjects. In contrast, nitroglycerin produced comparable forearm vasodilatation in the two groups. Plasma ANP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) levels at rest were higher in patients with heart failure than in normal subjects (p less than 0.05 for both), but the increases in plasma ANP and cyclic GMP in the venous effluents during intra-arterial ANP infusion did not differ between the two groups. These results indicate that the direct vasodilative effect of ANP on forearm vessels was attenuated in patients with heart failure as compared with that in normal subjects. The mechanisms responsible for this alteration are not clear but might involve mechanisms other than down-regulation of the ANP receptors because the increases in venous plasma cyclic GMP caused by intra-arterial ANP were comparable between patients with heart failure and normal subjects.
What are the odds?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Researchers investigated the effects of adding an oxytocin infusion to bolus oxytocin on blood loss during elective caesarean sections. A double blind placebo controlled randomised trial was performed. The intervention was bolus oxytocin (intravenous slow 5 IU oxytocin bolus over one minute) and infusion oxytocin (additional 40 IU oxytocin infusion in 500 mL of 0.9% saline solution over four hours). The control treatment was bolus oxytocin (5 IU oxytocin bolus over one minute) and placebo infusion (500 mL of 0.9% saline solution over four hours). The setting was five maternity hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. Participants were women aged over 18 years with a singleton pregnancy who were booked for elective caesarean section at term. In total, 2069 women were recruited and randomised to the intervention (bolus and infusion; n=1037) or control (bolus and placebo infusion; n=1032). Of those women allocated to the intervention, 1007 completed treatment, as did 994 of those allocated to control.1

The primary outcome measures included major obstetric haemorrhage (blood loss >1000 mL) and the need for an additional uterotonic agent. In the intervention group, 158 (15.7%) women experienced a major obstetric haemorrhage, whereas 849 did not. In the control group, 159 (16.0%) women experienced a major obstetric haemorrhage, whereas 835 did not. The unadjusted odds ratio for the occurrence of a major obstetric haemorrhage for the intervention compared with the control was 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.24; P=0.85). When adjusted for hospital and previous caesarean section, the odds ratio was 0.98 (0.77 to 1.25; P=0.86). The need for an additional uterotonic agent was significantly lower in the intervention group than …
Doctors charged with ensuring dignity for older patients
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors and other NHS staff in England will be subject to closer scrutiny to ensure they are treating older patients with greater dignity and respect, the government has been announced.

The government said last week that it intended to make dignity for older people a priority and was asking the NHS watchdog—the Healthcare Commission—to expand its inspections to include dignity.

Unveiling the second five year phase of its national service framework for older people—the government's plan to improve services for older people in England—health minister …
Aseptic Meningitis Due to Type 19 Echo Virus Infection
Authors: Ruth S. Faulkner, R. L. Ozere
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DURING the summer of 1955, in a survey of 56 children under four years of age who were admitted to Cincinnati hospitals with diarrhea as the chief symptom, Ramos-Alvarez1 isolated a range of viral agents. These included poliovirus Type 1; Coxsackie viruses Group A, Type 9, Group B, Types 1 and 2, Echo viruses Types 2, 8, 11 and 12, adenovirus Type 3; and 6 other unclassified agents. Some of these unclassified strains were shown to be antigenically distinct Echo viruses, and were later adopted as the prototypic Echo 18 and 19 viruses.2 The prototype 19 Echo virus was isolated . . .
Oral Glucocorticoid-Sparing Effect of Mepolizumab in Eosinophilic Asthma
Authors: Elisabeth H. Bel, Sally E. Wenzel, Philip J. Thompson, Charlene M. Prazma, Oliver N. Keene, Steven W. Yancey, Hector G. Ortega, Ian D. Pavord
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Many patients with severe asthma require regular treatment with oral glucocorticoids despite the use of high-dose inhaled therapy. However, the regular use of systemic glucocorticoids can result in serious and often irreversible adverse effects. Mepolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and inactivates interleukin-5, has been shown to reduce asthma exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.
Biological comparison of isomers and chemical forms of vitamin A (retinol)
Authors: R. I. C. SPEARMAN, A. JARRETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

The effects were comparcd on mouse tail scale epidermis of vitamin A acid, acetate and alcohol (all as the trans isomer) and the cis aldehyde by regular topical applications. Increases in epidermal thickness produced by different doses were compared statistically, and the induction of a granular layer and of epidermal alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated. The different forms and isomers of vitamin A have similar effects on the epidermis, but vary individually in activity, Retinoic acid and trans‐retinyl acetate were very similar in their action when used in a water solubilizing vehicle. The fact that retinyl acetate is very much cheaper than retinoic acid is a point in favour of its use for the treatment of psoriasis.
Biomarkers of gene expression: growth factors and oncoproteins.
Authors: P W Brandt-Rauf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This article reviews the literature on the application of methods for the detection of growth factors, oncogene proteins, and tumor-suppressor gene proteins in the blood of humans with cancer or who are at risk for the development of cancer. The research summarized here suggests that many of these biomarker assays can be used to distinguish between diseased and nondiseased states and in some instances may be able to predict susceptibility for future disease. Thus, these biomarkers could be valuable tools for monitoring at-risk populations for purposes of disease prevention and control.
Improving surgical resection rate in lung cancer
Authors: C. Laroche, F. Wells, R. Coulden, S. Stewart, M. Goddard, E. Lowry, A. Price, D. Gilligan
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Surgical resection is the recognised treatment of choice for patients with stage I or II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the UK surgical resection rates have remained far lower (&lt;10%) than those achieved in Europe and the USA (&gt;20%), despite the recent introduction of fast access investigation units. It remains unclear therefore why UK surgical resection rates lag so far behind those of other countries. <h3>METHODS</h3> A new quick access two stop investigation service was established at Papworth in November 1995 to investigate all patients presenting to any of three surrounding health districts with suspected lung cancer. Once staging was complete, all patients with confirmed lung cancer were reviewed by a multidisciplinary team which included an oncologist and a thoracic surgeon. Time from presentation to definitive treatment and surgical resection rates were reviewed. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Two hundred and nine (76%) of a total of 275 consecutive patients investigated had confirmed lung cancer (28 small cell, 181 non-small cell). Of the remainder, eight patients (2%) had metastatic disease, four (1%) had other thoracic malignancy (thymoma, mesothelioma), four patients (1%) had benign thoracic tumours, and 50 (18%) had other non-malignant diseases. Of the 181 patients with non-small cell primary lung cancer, 47 (25%) underwent successful surgical resection, of whom 59% had stage I and 21% stage II disease. The failed thoracotomy rate was 11%. Median time from presentation at the peripheral clinic to surgical resection was 5 weeks (range 1–13). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Quick access investigation, high histological confirmation rates, routine CT scanning, and review of every patient with confirmed lung cancer by a thoracic surgeon led to a substantial increase in the successful surgical resection rate. These results support the growing concern that many patients with operable tumours are being denied the chance of curative surgery in our present system.
Induction of Adrenal Suppression by Megestrol Acetate
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer, Jesse C. Krakauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 March 1996Induction of Adrenal Suppression by Megestrol AcetateCharles L. Loprinzi, MD, Rafael Fonseca, MD, and Michael D. Jensen, MDCharles L. Loprinzi, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905Search for more papers by this author, Rafael Fonseca, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905Search for more papers by this author, and Michael D. Jensen, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-6-199603150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Leinung and colleagues [1] provided the first convincing report of a patient who became Addisonian after abrupt discontinuation of therapy with megestrol acetate. It has been well established that patients receiving megestrol acetate have markedly suppressed serum cortisol levels and decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, consistent with a central suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis [2]. This suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis appears to be asymptomatic in most patients receiving megestrol acetate. Patients generally do not become Cushingoid while receiving megestrol acetate, and previous episodes of Addisonian crises with abrupt discontinuation of megestrol acetate therapy have not been reported ...References1. Leinung MC, Liporace R, Miller CH. Induction of adrenal suppression by megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:843-5. Google Scholar2. Loprinzi CL, Jensen MD, Jiang NS, Schaid DJ. Effect of megestrol acetate on the human pituitary-adrenal axis. Mayo Clinic Proc. 1992; 67:1160-2. Google Scholar3. Rowland KM, Jett JR, Jung SH, Loprinzi CL, Washburn HJ, Shaw EG. Phase III randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of cisplatin and etoposide plus megestrol acetate/placebo in extensive stage small cell lung. A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study. Proc ASCO. 1994; 13:330. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles L. Loprinzi, MD; Rafael Fonseca, MD; Michael D. Jensen, MDAffiliations: Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMegestrol acetate—associated adrenal insufficiencyAssociation between megestrol acetate treatment and symptomatic adrenal insufficiency with hypogonadism in male patients with cancerA comparison of megestrol acetate, nandrolone decanoate and dietary counselling for HIV associated weight loss 15 March 1996Volume 124, Issue 6Page: 613KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneBreast cancerCancer treatmentClinical trialsCorticosteroid therapyCortisolDrugsLung and intrathoracic tumorsToxicity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
India's food bill will not provide the security it claims
Authors: Veena S Rao
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The International Food Policy Research Institute terms India’s position in the global hunger index “alarming”—67th in 2011 compared with 65th in previous years, indicating worsening food and nutritional insecurity.1 This index measures hunger using three combined, equally weighted, indicators: the proportion of people who are calorie deficient, the proportion of people who are underweight, and the mortality rate among children under 5. 

About a third of India’s adult population has low body mass index, suggesting they are calorie deficient; 43% of children below 5 are underweight and 48% stunted; and the under 5 mortality rate is 74 per 1000 live births (two fifths of which is directly related to malnutrition).2 As alarming are the 30% of babies born with low birth weight; the 47% of adolescent girls underweight3; and the prevalence of anaemia of 56%, 57%, and 75% in girls, women, and children, respectively.4

Successive governments in the past decade have promised food and nutritional security but could not reform the ailing governmental public distribution system, which provides subsidised grain to poor families—because of leakages and corruption it covers …
Australia suspends seasonal flu vaccination of young children
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Australia has extended a suspension of vaccination of children aged 5 years and under against seasonal flu, pending further investigations into an apparent spike in febrile convulsions associated with the vaccine.

A temporary suspension was first announced on 23 April, after concerns emerged in Western Australia about an increase in the number of young children presenting to hospitals with febrile convulsion after receiving the trivalent seasonal flu vaccine.

The federal government’s chief medical officer, Jim Bishop, announced on 30 April that more time was needed to complete epidemiological and scientific investigations.

“Given the ongoing and incomplete scientific and clinical case review, the moratorium on the use of seasonal influenza vaccine in children 5 years and less will continue,” he said.

Figures released by the national Department of Health and Ageing show that 77 cases of febrile convulsion in children aged 5 or under and associated with the vaccination have recently been reported to the Therapeutic Goods …
High Levels of Heat Shock Protein Hsp72 in Cancer Cells Suppress Default Senescence Pathways
Authors: Julia A. Yaglom, Vladimir L. Gabai, Michael Y. Sherman
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The major heat shock protein Hsp72 is constitutively expressed in many tumor cell lines and biopsies, and its expression correlates with poor prognosis in several types of cancer. Hsp72 was suggested to play an important role in neoplastic transformation and tumor development. We addressed the role of Hsp72 in cancer cells by investigating the consequences of specific depletion of Hsp72 using small interfering RNA. Down-regulation of Hsp72 in certain cancer lines triggered cell senescence associated with activation and stabilization of p53 and induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. Effects of Hsp72 depletion on senescence and p53 did not result from a proteotoxic stress, DNA instability, or activation of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related pathways. Instead, depletion of Hsp72 reduced stability and activity of the p53 inhibitor Hdm2. In addition, Hsp72 depletion triggered a p53-independent senescence program through inhibitory phosphorylation and down-regulation of the cell cycle kinase Cdc2. Therefore, Hsp72 provides a selective advantage to cancer cells by suppressing default senescence via p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2373–81]
An embodied theory in search of a body: Challenges for a dynamic systems model of infant perseveration
Authors: Yoke Munakata, Sarah Devi Sahni, Benjamin E. Yerys
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

In this commentary, we question (1) how embodied Thelen et al.'s model is relative to their aims, and (2) how embodied the behavior of children is in particular response systems, relative to how much dynamic systems theory emphasizes this idea. We close with corrections to mischaracterizations of an alternative, neural network perspective on infant behavior.
Intensive care after minimally invasive and conventional coronary surgery: a prospective comparison
Authors: E. Kilger, F.C. Weis, A.E. Goetz, L. Frey, K. Kesel, A. Schütz, P. Lamm, P. Überfuhr, A. Knoll, T.W. Felbinger, K. Peter
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Proton Beam Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Deborah Tolmach Sugerman, Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Prostate cancer can be treated either by surgical removal of the prostate gland or by radiation therapy. Radiation therapy kills cancer cells by delivering large amounts of energy to tumors. External radiation is usually given by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), which sends many small radiation (x-ray) beams to the tumor in a way that maximizes the amount of radiation that reaches the cancer and minimizes radiation exposure of tissues around the tumor. IMRT has been proven to work and most men tolerate the side effects.
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Altered modulation of WNT–β-catenin and PI3K/Akt pathways in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Sharon N. Cox, Fabio Sallustio, Grazia Serino, Paola Pontrelli, Raffaella Verrienti, Francesco Pesce, Diletta D. Torres, Nicola Ancona, Patrizia Stifanelli, Gianluigi Zaza, Francesco P. Schena
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Alpha-fetoprotein in primary liver cancer and other diseases.
Authors: M Kew
Journal: Gut (1974)

Progress report Alpha-fetoprotein in primary liver cancer and other diseases Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an alpha1 globulin normally present in high concentration in fetal serum but in only very small amounts thereafter.Although many of its physico-chemical properties have been determined1, the role of AFP in ontogenesis is not yet known.In 1963 Abelev and his associates2'3 noted the occurrence of a fetus-specific alpha globulin in the serum of adult mice with chemically induced hepatomas.When, shortly afterwards, Tatarinov4,5 found AFP in the serum of patients with primary hepatocellular cancer, the exciting prospect appeared of an immunochemical marker which could be used in the diagnosis of this tumour.Its value in this regard has since been conclusively demonstrated and extensively documented in studies from many parts of the world6-17.However, relatively little is known about the dynamics of the protein during the course of the disease, and even less about the reason for the resumption of its synthesis by the tumour.Early on it became apparent that AFP could also be demonstrated in the serum of some patients with malignant teratoblastomas of the testis and ovary6'18, and later a minority of tumours of entodermal origin were found to share this property8'19-29.Moreover, with the introduction of more sensitive methods for its detection, raised levels of the globulin have also been shown in a variety of other liver diseases, so that its specificity for primary hepatocellular cancer is far from absolute. AFP in Primary Hepatocellular CancerUsing Ouchterlony double diffusion, AFP is demonstrable in the serum of between 28 and 87% of patients with primary hepatocellular cancer6-17.Its occurrence shows a striking geographical variation, the highest positivity rates being found in those areas where the tumour occurs most commonly, eg, 78 % in South Africa1", 72% in Senegal8, 73 % in Taiwan17, and 87% in Indonesia15, compared with 29% in Britain11 and 28-50% in the United States14'30, the latter being examples of countries in which primary hepato- cellular cancer is rare.It is perhaps fortunate that the diagnostic usefulness of the test is least in those countries where primary hepatocellular cancer is rarely encountered.The reason for the geographical variation in the proportion of AFP- positive primary hepatocellular cancer is not known.It may reflect differences in the aetiology ofthe tumour in endemic and non-endemic parts of the world, but may be explained, at least in part, by technical differences in carrying out the test, by the fact that AFP is more likely to be positive in younger and male patients with primaryhepatocellularcancer8 12,31-33, who predominate in those 814 on July 11, 2023 by guest.
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis induced in mice lacking decay-accelerating factor in T cells
Authors: Lihua Bao, Mark Haas, Jeffrey Pippin, Ying Wang, Takashi Miwa, Anthony Chang, Andrew W. Minto, Miglena Petkova, Guilin Qiao, Wen-Chao Song, Charles E. Alpers, Jian Zhang, Stuart J. Shankland, Richard J. Quigg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Heritable and acquired diseases of podocytes can result in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We modeled FSGS by passively transferring mouse podocyte–specific sheep Abs into BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice deficient in the key complement regulator, decay-accelerating factor (DAF), but not WT or CD59-deficient BALB/c mice developed histological and ultrastructural features of FSGS, marked albuminuria, periglomerular monocytic and T cell inflammation, and enhanced T cell reactivity to sheep IgG. All of these findings, which are characteristic of FSGS, were substantially reduced by depleting CD4+ T cells from Daf–/– mice. Furthermore, WT kidneys transplanted into Daf–/– recipients and kidneys of DAF-sufficient but T cell–deficient Balb/cnu/nu mice reconstituted with Daf–/– T cells developed FSGS. In contrast, DAF-deficient kidneys in WT hosts and Balb/cnu/nu mice reconstituted with DAF-sufficient T cells did not develop FSGS. Thus, we have described what we believe to be a novel mouse model of FSGS attributable to DAF-deficient T cell immune responses. These findings add to growing evidence that complement-derived signals shape T cell responses, since T cells that recognize sheep Abs bound to podocytes can lead to cellular injury and development of FSGS.
The Doctor Explains to His Patient
Authors: Arthur J. Nahill
Journal: JAMA (1991)

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