tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Zafirlukast improves asthma symptoms and quality of life in patients with moderate reversible airflow obstruction☆☆☆★★★♢
Authors: Robert A. Nathan, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Leonard Bielory, Catherine M. Bonuccelli, William J. Calhoun, Stanley P. Galant, Laura A. Hanby, James P. Kemp, Jelle W. Kylstra, Anjuli S. Nayak
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Acutely Ill Patients Will Likely Benefit From More Monitoring, Not Less
Authors: Wen Dombrowski
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
THE RELATIONS OF THE INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG TO THE PRODUCTION OF AN INTERNAL SECRETION BY THE MAMMALIAN TESTIS
Authors: Frederic M. Hanes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

addition to the formation of sperm, furnish an internal secretion essential to the normal development of the organism?"and, "If so, which cells of the testicle have this func-
Pharmacologic treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces glomerular injury in rat 5/6 nephrectomy model of chronic renal failure.
Authors: B L Kasiske, M P O'Donnell, W J Garvis, W F Keane
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The role of lipid abnormalities in the pathogenesis of focal glomerulosclerosis was investigated in the rat remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure. Rats subjected to right nephrectomy and two-thirds segmental infarction of the left kidney (5/6 nephrectomy) were treated for 10 weeks with the lipid-lowering agent clofibric acid. Both serum cholesterol and urine albumin excretion were significantly reduced by clofibric acid. At 10 weeks, the percent of glomeruli with focal glomerulosclerosis was 5 +/- 2% in clofibric acid-treated and 24 +/- 5% in untreated 5/6 nephrectomy rats (p less than 0.01). Inulin clearance was greater in clofibric acid-treated than in untreated 5/6 nephrectomy rats (0.28 +/- 0.02 versus 0.22 +/- 0.02 ml/min 100 g body wt, p less than 0.05). Body weight, kidney weight, and systemic blood pressure were not significantly altered by clofibric acid. Micropuncture studies, performed in separate groups of clofibric acid-treated and untreated 5/6 nephrectomy rats, demonstrated elevated single nephron glomerular filtration rates and glomerular capillary pressures 4 weeks after surgery. However, clofibric acid did not significantly alter single nephron glomerular filtration rates (95 +/- 2.1 nl/min in treated versus 97.0 +/- 6.2 nl/min in untreated, p greater than 0.05) or glomerular capillary pressures (56.6 +/- 1.5 mm Hg in treated versus 57.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg in untreated, p greater than 0.05) in 5/6 nephrectomy rats. In a separate set of experiments, 5/6 nephrectomy rats were treated with the specific cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, mevinolin. Mevinolin improved serum lipid levels and reduced albuminuria in 5/6 nephrectomy rats without causing significant alterations in blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
P and the Null Hypothesis
Authors: ANITA K. BAHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 April 1972P and the Null HypothesisANITA K. BAHN, SC.D.ANITA K. BAHN, SC.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-4-674_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the article, "Digital Capillary Blood Flow in Clubbing" (Ann Intern Med 75:933-935, 1971), Table 1 has the following footnote: "P = probability that difference between the means is caused by chance."This is a common misconception that I believe should be corrected for your readers. Since the misstatement is very similar to one of the exercises in my textbook, "Basic Medical Statistics," I thought it might be instructive to quote this problem and the answer to it.P = .01 means that the probability is one in a hundred that the observed difference is due... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ANITA K. BAHN, SC.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Teaching of Statistics in the Biological, Medical and Health Sciences: Some Comments and a Selected Bibliography 1 April 1972Volume 76, Issue 4Page: 674-674KeywordsBlood flowCapillariesExercise ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
DETECTION OF HYPEROXIA-INDUCED LUNG INFLAMMATION IN RATS
Authors: B. Goins, S. K. Aggarwal, R. Klipper, Y. D. Awasthi, R. A. Lawrence#, S. G. Jenkinson#, W. T. Phillips
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Goins, B.; Aggarwal, S. K.; Klipper, R.; Awasthi, Y. D.; Lawrence#, R. A.; Jenkinson#, S. G.; Phillips, W. T. Author Information
US presidential ethics commission grapples with synthetic biology
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The risks and rewards of synthetic biology are minimal as long as it remains in the laboratory, but the potential for both expands enormously when it crosses the threshold into commercial application, experts told the newly reconstituted US Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues at its 8-9 July meeting.

The nascent field is the next step beyond genetically modified organisms. It moves from simply transferring genes from one organism to another to digitising that genetic information, with the capacity to reassemble it molecule by molecule in new combinations to create new organisms.

“We need new tools to make vaccines a lot faster,” the geneticist J Craig Venter told the commission. “NIH [National …
Enalapril and metoprolol in diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: P Sawicki, L Heinemann, I Muhlhauser
Journal: BMJ (1990)

hypertension may be compared.It is still common to use a too high a dose, making the new treatment look superior.We agree that some new drugs do not have any adverse metabolic effects, even in high doses.It should be remembered, however, that there are no clinical data showing that such new drugs reduce the mortality and morbidity of hypertension.Thiazides in doses that we consider high affect the risk of stroke in hypertensive patients-we now need to know whether lower doses of thiazides also prevent mvocardial infarction and decrease related mortality.
Direct-Current Defibrillation During Pregnancy
Authors: John H. K. Vogel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

LOWN and associates, in 1962, introduced the technique of synchronized direct-current countershock for the reversion of cardiac arrhythmias.<sup>1</sup>Since that time, a number of papers have appeared attesting to the usefulness of this technique,<sup>2,3</sup>not only in adults but also in infants.<sup>4</sup> This paper presents the case report of a patient with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation who underwent successful mitral valvotomy followed by direct current countershock during the fifth month of her pregnancy, with subsequent delivery of a normal full-term infant. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 37-year-old white married woman was admitted to Colorado General Hospital for the first time July 22, 1963, for a mitral commissurotomy. She had had acute rheumatic fever at the age of 13 years and a heart murmur had first been noted at 19 years of age during her first pregnancy. Only mild fatigability was noted during her first three pregnancies.
Reproducibility of histamine challenge tests in asthmatic children.
Authors: D Hariparsad, N Wilson, C Dixon, M Silverman
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The measurement of bronchial reactivity by histamine challenge testing is of increasing clinical importance in paediatrics. By means of a simple tidal breathing technique for the measurement of histamine sensitivity (expressed as PC20--the concentration of histamine which produces a 20% fall in peak flow rate) in childhood asthma, the reproducibility of pairs of tests was estimated over one hour and 24-hour intervals in 22 children. Under carefully controlled conditions the 95% confidence limits of PC20 were 0.8-1.25 X baseline PC20 after one hour and 0.36-2.8 X baseline PC20 after 24 hours.
Hereditary sideroblastic anemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in a negro family
Authors: Ananda S. Prasad, Liborio Tranchida, Edward T. Konno, Lawrence Berman, Samuel Albert, Charles F. Sing, George J. Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Detailed clinical and genetic studies have been performed in a Negro family, which segregated for sex-linked sideroblastic anemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-DP) deficiency. This is the first such pedigree reported. Males affected with sideroblastic anemia had growth retardation, hypochromic microcytic anemia, elevated serum iron, decreased unsaturated iron-binding capacity, increased (59)Fe clearance, low (59)Fe incorporation into erythrocytes, normal erythrocyte survival ((51)Cr), normal hemoglobin electrophoretic pattern, erythroblastic hyperplasia of marrow with increased iron, and marked increase in marrow sideroblasts, particularly ringed sideroblasts. Perinuclear deposition of ferric aggregates was demonstrated to be intramitochondrial by electron microscopy. Female carriers of the sideroblastic gene were normal but exhibited a dimorphic population of erythrocytes including normocytic and microcytic cells. The bone marrow studies in the female (mother) showed ringed marrow sideroblasts. Studies of G-6-PD involved the methemoglobin elution test for G-6-PD activity of individual erythrocytes, quantitative G-6-PD assay, and electrophoresis. In the pedigree, linkage information was obtained from a doubly heterozygous woman, four of her sons, and five of her daughters. Three sons were doubly affected, and one was normal. One daughter appeared to be a recombinant. The genes appeared to be linked in the coupling phase in the mother. The maximum likelihood estimate of the recombination value was 0.14. By means of Price-Jones curves, the microcytic red cells in peripheral blood were quantitated in female carriers. The sideroblast count in the bone marrow in the mother corresponded closely to the percentage of microcytic cells in peripheral blood. This is the second example in which the cellular expression of a sex-linked trait has been documented in the human red cells, the first one being G-6-PD deficiency. The coexistence of the two genes in doubly heterozygous females has made it possible to study correlations in cell counts; our studies showed a strong positive correlation except in the probable recombinant in which a reciprocal relation held which indicated that X-inactivation was at least regional, rather than locus by locus.
Premature Birth Complications Top Cause of Death in Children Younger Than 5 Years
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Non-attendance or non-invitation?: Authors' reply
Authors: S. Frankel, R. West, A. Farrow
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Some patients were given volume loading to improve cardiac output after the application of positive end expiratory pressure.Without measurements of wedge pressure the volume of fluid required is difficult to assess, and clinical indicators of volume state in this type of patient are not accurate.In addition, to maintain optimal oxygen delivery and cardiac output in the face of a high positive end expiratory pressure it mav be necessary to utilise vasoactive drugs.These drugs have unpredictable and sometimes deleterious effects on oxygen transport and respiratory func- tion (particularly pulmonary venous admixture).Unless mixed venous oxygen saturation and oxygen consumption are monitored these effects, which may make tissue hypoxia worse, will be missed.We agree that the study of Drs Singer and Bennett confirms the need for haemodynamic monitoring.Measurements should also be made to ensure that optimal global oxygen transport has been achieved, which, with our present under- standing and technical skill, will necessitate pulmonary artery catheterisation.
Charles Janeway, Jr.
Authors: Polly Matzinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Charlie Janeway passed away on April 12, 2003 and with him went a good chunk of immunological creativity.Because several tributes relating to his official accomplishments have already been written, I will focus on the man and scientist as I knew him.Charlie and I met in 1977 in Cambridge, when I was a graduate student visiting a friend and he was a young assistant professor at Yale.Having just read a paper of his in the April edition of Nature, and having decided (with the arrogance of a third-year grad student) that it was wrong, I asked him if it had been an April fool's joke.Without batting an eye, and ignoring my rudeness, Charlie asked me why I thought that.The three of us then spent the next few hours in a pub discussing that paper (which turned out to be right, of course) and many other aspects of immunology, Charlie treating me throughout as an equal despite the differences in our immunological knowledge.This was one of his great features.He loved students and treated us, if we were capable, as colleagues without ever hinting that we should hold our tongues and not argue with the "adults".As well as being a great teacher, Charlie was a pioneer in several immunological fields, tackling problems that mattered, rather than
Atypical Pyoderma Gangrenosum With Leukemia
Authors: Stanley J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) has been increasingly reported in association with myeloproliferative disorders. Monoclonal gammopathy, myeloma, myeloid metaplasia, and polycythemia have all been found in association with PG. Recently, seven cases of PG in association with leukemia have been described: three cases with acute myeloblastic leukemia, two cases with chronic myelogenous leukemia, one case with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and one case with acute leukemia of either plasma cell or myeloblast origin. To these we add two cases of PG with acute myeloblastic leukemia. These patients often have an atypical clinical presentation for PG, with bullae and relatively superficial involvement obscuring the correct diagnosis. (<i>JAMA</i>239:935-938, 1978)
Arsenic Exposure Is Associated with Decreased DNA Repair <i>in Vitro</i> and in Individuals Exposed to Drinking Water Arsenic
Authors: Angeline S. Andrew, Jefferey L. Burgess, Maria M. Meza, Eugene Demidenko, Mary G. Waugh, Joshua W. Hamilton, Margaret R. Karagas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The mechanism(s) by which arsenic exposure contributes to human cancer risk is unknown; however, several indirect cocarcinogenesis mechanisms have been proposed. Many studies support the role of As in altering one or more DNA repair processes. In the present study we used individual-level exposure data and biologic samples to investigate the effects of As exposure on nucleotide excision repair in two study populations, focusing on the excision repair cross-complement 1 (ERCC1) component. We measured drinking water, urinary, or toenail As levels and obtained cryopreserved lymphocytes of a subset of individuals enrolled in epidemiologic studies in New Hampshire (USA) and Sonora (Mexico). Additionally, in corroborative laboratory studies, we examined the effects of As on DNA repair in a cultured human cell model. Arsenic exposure was associated with decreased expression of ERCC1 in isolated lymphocytes at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, lymphocytes from As-exposed individuals showed higher levels of DNA damage, as measured by a comet assay, both at baseline and after a 2-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene (2-AAAF) challenge. In support of the in vivo data, As exposure decreased ERCC1 mRNA expression and enhanced levels of DNA damage after a 2-AAAF challenge in cell culture. These data provide further evidence to support the ability of As to inhibit the DNA repair machinery, which is likely to enhance the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of other directly genotoxic compounds, as part of a cocarcinogenic mechanism of action.
Medical courses in the Czech Federal Republic: Ask the GMC before applying
Authors: S. Lowry
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Two drugs are better than one EDITOR,-We disagree with some of D E Price's views on managing erectile dysfunction in diabetes.'The erectile dysfunction is not always organic in origin since psychogenic factors based on anxiety are as common in diabetic patients as in the general population.A total lack of erections under all circumstances, including during sleep and on waking, may indeed be due to neurogenic impotence, but patients with this are a minority.Patients more commonly complain of a partial erection during sexual activity, which suggests a vasculogenic rather than a neurogenic cause.Intracavernous injection of a vasoactive agent is a simple means of distinguishing vasculogenic from psychogenic and neurogenic impotence.More sophisticated investigations are rarely neces- sary except to investigate the possibility of occult neurological problems or of arterial disease worth treating surgically-that is, in young non-smoking men under 40 who do not have diabetes or hypertension.The use of intracavernous agents for erectile dysfunction has indeed revolutionised the management of this problem, but, at least in theory, papaverine should not now be used alone because of the occurrence of penile fibrosis and priapism.The incidence of these complications is diminished by the addition of phentolamine, but prostaglandin E1 is safer, although a suitable formulation for general use is not yet available.
Value of Molecular Epidemiologic Analysis in a Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Outbreak
Authors: Ferric C. Fang, Michael McClelland, Donald G. Guiney, Marguerite M. Jackson, Alan I. Hartstein, Virginia H. Morthland, Charles E. Davis, Diana C. McPherson, John Welsh
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To evaluate two molecular epidemiologic methods used in the analysis of a nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak.Restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA (REAP) was used in the analysis of 45 MRSA isolates. After termination of the outbreak, isolates were retrospectively analyzed in a blind fashion using the newly described technique of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Molecular analyses were compared with epidemiologic and antimicrobial susceptibility data.Tertiary care university hospital.Twenty-eight patients and 12 employees infected or colonized with MRSA during a 6-week period.A clonal relationship demonstrated among isolates from burn unit patients and staff was clearly distinguishable from MRSA isolates arising from other hospital wards. The combination of REAP and AP-PCR provided complementary information in several instances. Aggressive measures to isolate infected patients and eradicate colonization from patients and staff terminated the outbreak.Although traditional epidemiologic methods retain their central role in modern hospital infection control, molecular epidemiologic analysis can significantly enhance the ability of infection control officers to analyze and terminate hospital epidemics. The combination of AP-PCR and REAP may prove to be a particularly informative means of tracking the nosocomial spread of microbial strains and their mobile genetic elements.
Lung fluid balance in lambs before and after premature birth.
Authors: R D Bland, D P Carlton, R G Scheerer, J J Cummings, D L Chapman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The purpose of this study was to see if lung vascular protein permeability is greater in preterm lambs with respiratory distress than it is in lambs without lung disease. We measured pulmonary vascular pressures, lung lymph flow, and concentrations of protein in lymph and plasma of 10 chronically catheterized preterm lambs (gestation 133 +/- 1 d) for 2-4 h before and for 4-8 h after delivery by cesarean section. All lambs were treated with mechanical ventilation after birth and received a constant intravenous infusion of glucose-saline solution at an hourly rate of 10 ml/kg. Respiratory failure developed in six lambs, in which there was a sustained threefold postnatal increase in lung lymph flow and lymph protein flow, with an even greater increase in pleural liquid drainage. Concentrations of protein in lymph and pleural liquid were almost identical, averaging approximately 75% of the plasma protein concentration. In the four preterm lambs without lung disease, lymph flow and lymph protein flow were either near or below fetal values by 6-8 h after birth, and there was little or no pleural liquid drainage. Extravascular lung water averaged 7.3 +/- .8 g/g dry lung in lambs with respiratory failure compared to 4.8 +/- .5 g/g dry lung in lambs without lung disease. Thus, pulmonary edema with abnormal leakage of protein-rich liquid from the lung microcirculation into the interstitium is an important pathological feature of the respiratory disease that often occurs after premature birth.