tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drinking in first trimester is linked to premature birth and babies small for gestational age
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> We are frequently faced with a large collection of antibodies, and want to select those with highest affinity for their cognate antigen. When developing a first-line therapeutic for a novel pathogen, for instance, we might look for such antibodies in patients that have recovered. There exist effective experimental methods of accomplishing this, such as cell sorting and baiting; however they are time consuming and expensive. Next generation sequencing of B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires offers an additional source of sequences that could be tapped if we had a reliable method of selecting those coding for the best antibodies. In this paper we introduce a method that uses evolutionary information from the family of related sequences that share a naive ancestor to predict the affinity of each resulting antibody for its antigen. When combined with information on the identity of the antigen, this method should provide a source of effective new antibodies. We also introduce a method for a related task: given an antibody of interest and its inferred ancestral lineage, which branches in the tree are likely to harbor key affinity-increasing mutations? These methods are implemented as part of continuing development of the partis BCR inference package, available at https://github.com/psathyrella/partis. <h3>Comments</h3> Please post comments or questions on this paper as new issues at https://git.io/Jvxkn.
Policy options to reduce population salt intake
Authors: F. P. Cappuccio, S. Capewell, P. Lincoln, K. McPherson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

High dietary salt has detrimental effects on blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes. The question, say<b> Francesco Cappuccio</b> and colleagues, is not whether to reduce salt intake but how to do so. With the upcoming United Nations High Level Meeting on non-communicable diseases in mind, they make the case for population level policy interventions.
THE PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF STREPTOLYSIN S
Authors: Bernhard Cinader, Louis Pillemer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Considerable purification of streptolysin S has been achieved by fractionation of crude bacterial filtrates with methanol, under controlled conditions of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The final material (P III) consisted of two electrophoretic components. The purified material was employed for kinetic studies, the results of which were confirmed with hemolysin isolated electrophoretically from P III. The heat of activation (temperature characteristic) of streptolysin S was found to be 17,900 calories per mole. Time dilution curves of the hemolysin were found to be sigmoid. The influence of certain ions and lipids on the course of hemolysis was investigated. The significance of the prolonged lag period and of the deviation in the behavior of streptolysin S from Ponder's equation has been discussed.
Abbreviated dose rituximab for immune‐mediated hematological disorders
Authors: Helen Fairweather, Annabel Tuckfield, Andrew Grigg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract As rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, depletes B cells, there is considerable interest in its use in immune‐mediated disorders. The majority of studies employ a four‐dose regimen based on practice in lymphoma therapy. We describe our experience with one or two doses of 375 mg/m 2 of rituximab in 12 patients with relapsed and refractory immune‐mediated hematological disorders. Eleven patients (92%) achieved a complete remission that has been sustained in 7 for a median of 14.5 (10.5–22) months. Four patients (36%) relapsed after responses of 1–18.5 months. This preliminary experience suggests that one or two doses of rituximab may have response and relapse rates comparable to multidose regimens while potentially providing considerable cost savings. Further prospective studies are planned. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Promoting health equity
Authors: D. Hunter, J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

New WHO report examines the role that local government should play in Europe 

The Commission on the Social Determinants of Health brought the reduction of avoidable health inequalities between social groups to the centre of the political stage.1 Its three key recommendations—to improve daily living conditions; to tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources; and to measure and understand the problem—have been widely welcomed. As the commission itself noted, such recommendations do not by themselves create a world in which all people have the freedom to lead lives they can value. To achieve this goal, sustained and systematic work is needed at national and local levels.

Local government has a key role in delivering health equity, because it typically controls the planning or delivery of such key social determinants of health as education, transport, and spatial planning.2 A recent World Health Organization report builds on the work …
Fibrous Mesothelioma with Hypoglycemic Psychosis and Coma
Authors: Claude R. Garfield, Henry V. Belcher, John S. Shuttleworth
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The syndrome of large nonpancreatic tumors with hypoglycemia has been recognized as a clinical entity. A spindletype of cell predominates in these tumors; they are located in the thorax or abdomen and generally attain a massive size before symptoms of hypoglycemia appear. The patient here described, when admitted to the hospital, had a large abdominal mass; he was maniacal and later became comatose. Intravenous administration of glucose caused striking temporary improvement. Surgical extirpation of a large retroperitoneal mesothelioma was followed by a lasting stabilization of the blood sugar and glucose tolerance within normal limits. Biologic assay of tumor tissue and plasma in this case did not reveal any increased insulin-like activity.
ECMO Centers and Mortality From Influenza A(H1N1)
Authors: Joost D. Haeck, Dave A. Dongelmans, Marcus J. Schultz
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessing Uncertainty in Spatial Exposure Models for Air Pollution Health Effects Assessment
Authors: John Molitor, Michael Jerrett, Chih-Chieh Chang, Nuoo-Ting Molitor, Jim Gauderman, Kiros Berhane, Rob McConnell, Fred Lurmann, Jun Wu, Arthur Winer, Duncan Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Although numerous epidemiologic studies now use models of intraurban exposure, there has been little systematic evaluation of the performance of different models.In this present article we proposed a modeling framework for assessing exposure model performance and the role of spatial autocorrelation in the estimation of health effects.We obtained data from an exposure measurement substudy of subjects from the Southern California Children's Health Study. We examined how the addition of spatial correlations to a previously described unified exposure and health outcome modeling framework affects estimates of exposure-response relationships using the substudy data. The methods proposed build upon the previous work, which developed measurement-error techniques to estimate long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure and its effect on lung function in children. In this present article, we further develop these methods by introducing between- and within-community spatial autocorrelation error terms to evaluate effects of air pollution on forced vital capacity. The analytical methods developed are set in a Bayesian framework where multistage models are fitted jointly, properly incorporating parameter estimation uncertainty at all levels of the modeling process.Results suggest that the inclusion of residual spatial error terms improves the prediction of adverse health effects. These findings also demonstrate how residual spatial error may be used as a diagnostic for comparing exposure model performance.
Reversible splenial lesion on the corpus callosum in nonfulminant hepatitis A presenting as encephalopathy
Authors: Soon Young Ko, Byung Kook Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Jeong Han Kim, Won Hyeok Choe, Hee Yeon Seo, So Young Kwon
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

Reversible focal lesions on the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) have been reported in patients with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy caused by various infectious agents, such as influenza, mumps, adenovirus, Varicella zoster, Escherichia coli, Legionella pneumophila, and Staphylococcus aureus. We report a case of a reversible SCC lesion causing reversible encephalopathy in nonfulminant hepatitis A. A 30-year-old healthy male with dysarthria and fever was admitted to our hospital. After admission his mental status became confused, and so we performed electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which revealed an intensified signal on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at the SCC. His mental status improved 5 days after admission, and the SCC lesion had completely disappeared 15 days after admission. Keywords: Acute hepatitis A; Encephalopathy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Corpus callosum
No sweet surrender
Authors: Imre Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Sugar is as dangerous as tobacco and, in terms of world health, far more important. Although the ill effects of tobacco are manifold (from memory loss to poor semen, damage to the fetus, and wrinkled skin) it kills either through cancer or vascular disease, and it usually does so from the sixth decade of life onwards. Sugar is an enormous burden throughout life: it destroys children's teeth, it leads to obesity, and it exacerbates diabetes, a disease …
Court upholds force feeding for mental illness
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The British Court of Appeal last week upheld the decision of a High Court judge to allow a psychiatric patient detained under the Mental Health Act to be fed through a nasogastric tube against her will. The ruling, which may go on appeal to the House of Lords, confirms that force feeding can count as medical treatment for a mental disorder. Such treatment may be imposed on patients compulsorily detained under the act.

Lords Justices Hoffmann, Neill, and Henry dismissed an appeal by …
A randomized pilot comparative study of topical methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy versus imiquimod 5% versus sequential application of both therapies in immunocompetent patients with actinic keratosis: Clinical and histologic outcomes
Authors: Carlos Serra-Guillén, Eduardo Nagore, Luis Hueso, Victor Traves, Francesc Messeguer, Onofre Sanmartín, Beatriz Llombart, Celia Requena, Rafael Botella-Estrada, Carlos Guillén
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
An Evaluation of Long-Term Chlorpropamide Therapy
Authors: Ernest J. Benner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

For several years, chlorpropamide has been an oral hypoglycemia drug used frequently in our private practice program of diabetic management. The cases of 147 patients known to have taken this agent for more than 18 months were reevaluated. Of the 147, a total of 122 had successful diabetic control for 24 to 63 months of drug dependent management, or were in satisfactory control by means of diet alone. Twenty-one of the 25 late failures were due to intercurrent stress or failure to adhere to the prescribed nutritional patterns. Three late failures in cooperative patients appeared due to secondary drug failure. Infection, myocardial infarction, and other stresses necessitated temporary insulin therapy in 20 cases, but after termination of stress, control was reestablished with diet and chlorpropamide.
Various enzyme activities in muscle and other organs of dystrophic mice.
Authors: T Aoyagi, T Wada, F Kojima, M Nagai, H Umezawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

To elucidate the metabolic abnormality of musclar dystrophy, 27 kinds of enzyme activity in various organs of control and dystrophic mice were examined. The organs examined included muscle, bone, heart, testis, uterus, spleen, thymus, submaxillary gland, stomach, pancreas, liver, kidney, brain, and lung. The activities of 14 different aminopeptidases, 5 endopeptidases, 4 glycosidases, phosphatase, esterase, and ribonuclease were measured. Most of the enzyme activities were significantly elevated in muscles and bones of dystrophic mice. These organs were similar in their patterns of enzyme abnormality. Among the 14 kinds of aminopeptidase activity studied, the degree of increased activity was greater for the aminopeptidases (AP):Ala-AP, Leu-AP, Met-AP, Phe-AP, Trp-AP, Gly-Pro-Leu-AP. In addition to aminopeptidases, there were significant increases in activities of chymotrypsinlike enzyme, cathepsin C, cathepsin D, several glycosidases and neutral ribonuclease in the muscles of dystrophic mice. Similarly increased enzyme activity was also observed in organs other than muscle and bone. Furthermore, protein content in most organs was higher in dystrophic mice than in those of control mice. These abnormalities were seen in both males and females. The present results suggest that there are extensive abnormalities in the protein metabolism in dystrophic mice. It seems therefore that the therapeutic approach to muscular dystrophy should be studies not only from the well-known abnormality of intramuscular endopeptidases, but from other aspects as well.
Abstract 5047: Survival signal pathways as potential therapeutic targets in soft tissue sarcoma cell lines
Authors: Jung Woo Han, Bo Ram Kwon, Chan Hee Park, Gui Youn Lee, Hei-Cheul Jeung, Se-Kyu Kim, Jae Kyung Roh, Hyun Cheol Chung, Sun Young Rha
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare malignancies but have poor survival rate. Surgery with standard chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment but newer strategies are necessary to improve survival. The investigations for targeted therapy are underway but little is known about potential targets until now. We previously presented potential molecular targets in osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines (101st AACR annual meeting 2010, abstract No.2451). We tried to compare the protein and mRNA profilings between the OS and STS cell lines to suggest the feasibility for developing molecular targeted agents in STS. Methods: We examined the protein expression of c-Met, Akt, mTOR, and their phosphorylated status, and PTEN in seven OS (MG-63, HOS, KHOS/NP, SK-ES-1, U-2OS, Saos-2, and G-292) and five STS cell lines (SK-UT-1, A-673, SW-871, SW-982, HT-1080) using western blotting. The gene expression profilings of the cell lines were performed by 44K microarray (Agilent Inc.). Results: Microarray data showed that whole genome expression pattern of STS was different from OS cell lines. But, the expressions of 94 mRNAs within the signal transduction pathways, which represent the currently utilized drug targets, revealed similar pattern between two groups of cell lines. To verify the possibility of developing molecular targeted agents in STS, we examined the activation patterns of signal transduction pathway proteins in each STS cell line. All STS cell lines except A-673 with low c-Met, but high p-Met, expressed moderate level of c-Met and p-Met. PI3K was expressed in all cell lines, with higher p-PI3K in SK-UT-1 and A-673 than in other STS cell lines. All but SW-872 cell line expressed Akt, and SK-UT-1, SW-872 and HT-1080 had higher levels of p-Akt. SW872 showed negligible PTEN and high level of p-Akt. SW982 generally repressed level of p-Met, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR comparing with other STS cell lines. Meanwhile, mTOR and p-mTOR were expressed relatively even in all STS cell lines. Conclusion: We presented that STS cell lines had variously activated signal pathway status as in OS cell lines. Common potential targets such as mTOR was revealed, and the specific targets including PI3K or Akt were also presented. It suggests the possibility of developing specific molecular targeted agents in each type of STSs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5047. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5047
Organizing a Geriatric Department
Authors: L. Cosin
Journal: BMJ (1947)

the ground upwards.As an experiment I suggest that such a person should visualize that he is supported from above his ears by a chain which lifts him so that his feet just touch the ground.-SundayExpress, Nov. 30, 1947.Rabbit Pie Dr. F. R. SELBIE has now succeeded in trans.mitting the Shope papilloma virus to its 9th passage in domestic rabbits.This has been done with the aid of contaminating micro-organisms; but just which ones are responsible has yet to be decided.-Lancet, 1947, 2, 835.Wedding of the Year MARRIAGES
Trusses for Femoral Hernia
Authors: F. Welsh
Journal: BMJ (1966)

child to hospital if it seems possible that it has been deliberately injured, whether by parents or baby-minder or older sibling.The child is then in a " place of safety " and can be kept there, as the B.P.A. memorandum makes clear.But once it is there, the best interests of the baby and the rehabilitation of the parents are not contradictory aims: they are joint ones, and the apparatus for dealing with both is available.-Iam, etc.,
Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 expression in normal and fibrotic/cirrhotic human liver: different patterns of expression in hepatic stellate cells and (myo)fibroblast subpopulations
Authors: Sébastien Lepreux, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Giulio Gabbiani, Vincent Sapin, Chantal Housset, Jean Rosenbaum, Charles Balabaud, Alexis Desmoulière
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Phylogenetic analyses of the rbcL sequences from haptophytes and heterokont algae suggest their chloroplasts are unrelated
Authors: N. Daugbjerg, R. A. Andersen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Using the large subunit of RuBisCo (rbcL) sequences from cyanobacteria, proteobacteria, and diverse groups of algae and green plants, we evaluated the plastid relationship between haptophytes and heterokont algae. The rbcL sequences were determined from three taxa of heterokont algae (Bumilleriopsis filiformis, Pelagomonas calceolata, and Pseudopedinella elastica) and added to 25 published sequences to obtain a data set comprising 1,434 unambiguously aligned sites (approximately 98% of the total rbcL gene). Higher levels of mutational saturation in third codon positions were observed by plotting the pairwise substitutions with and without corrections for multiple substitutions at the same site for first and second codon positions only and for third positions only. In accordance with this finding phylogeny reconstructions were completed by omitting third codon positions, thus using 956 bp in weighted-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses. The midpoint-rooted phylogenies showed two major clusters, one containing cyanobacteria, glaucocystophytes, a phototrophic euglenoid, chlorophytes, and embryophytes (the green lineage), the other containing proteobacteria, haptophytes, red algae, a cryptophyte, and heterokont algae (the non-green lineage). In the nongreen lineage, the haptophytes formed a sister group to the clade containing heterokont algae, red algae, and the cryptophyte Guillardia theta. This branching pattern was well supported in terms of bootstrap values in weighted-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses (100% and 92%, respectively). However, the phylogenetic relationship among red algae, heterokonts, and a cryptophyte taxon was not especially well resolved. A four-cluster analysis was performed to further explore the statistical significance of the relationship between proteobacteria, red algae (including and excluding Guillardia theta), haptophytes, and heterokont algae. This test strongly favored the hypothesis that the heterokonts and red algae are more closely related to each other than either is to proteobacteria or haptophytes. Hence, this molecular study based on a plastid-encoded gene provides additional evidence for a distant relationship between haptophytes and the heterokont algae. It suggests an evolutionary scenario in which the ancestor of the haptophyte lineage engulfed a phototrophic eukaryote and, more recently, the heterokont lineage became phototrophic by engulfing a red alga.
From the authors
Authors: P. Vilmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

We read with interest the letter to the Editors by J. Janssen and coworkers regarding our editorial comment on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA), which was featured in the March issue of the European Respiratory Journal 1.

Our comment resumes the present status concerning EUS-FNA in the chest 1. All available studies indicate that EUS-FNA is promising in lung cancer (LC) staging. However, as stated several times in our comment, final conclusions have to await large blinded, randomised comparative studies. So, what do we do in the mean time when dealing with the major …
Botulinum-A Toxin Detrusor and Sphincter Injection in Treatment of Overactive Bladder Syndrome: Objective Outcome and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Heinrich Schulte-Baukloh, Catarina Weiß, Thomas Stolze, Jaqueline Herholz, Burkard Stürzebecher, Kurt Miller, Helmut H. Knispel
Journal: European Urology (2005)