tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peptic Ulceration: A Symposium for Surgeons
Authors: Hans H. Zinsser
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The foreword by Dr. Dragstedt adds immeasurably to this volume which contains more highly polished contributions to a symposium than it has been my good fortune to see in many other symposiums. In common with other British publications it has entrancing exotic touches such as the discussion of gastric dysfunction in California seals and a translation of Billroth's letter written on the fifth postoperative day with regard to his own first gastrectomy. If the volume contained no more than the excellent discussion of postoperative late complications, it would be well worth having. The section on the management of the duodenal stump is unusually clear and open-minded. Other articles, while adequate, are not as outstanding as they are well written and reasonably complete. Apparently the authors are not aware of the syndrome described several years ago by Dr. Wermer into which group many of their cases quoted on the cause of
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Clara Raven
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Smith and Cho (233:861, 1975) reported cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis in a case of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and referred to two other cases from the literature. I can add two more cases (unpublished) from Wayne County, Michigan. Cytomegalovirus is known to cause respiratory tract infections in the first year of life (<i>Proc Soc Exp Biol Med</i>132:957, 1969). I agree with the authors that some may be missed in SIDS. Virus isolations from postmortem material in SIDS have been unrewarding and inconclusive. During the same period and time when SIDS incidence is at a peak, however, infants hospitalized for respiratory tract infections have yielded a high rate of respiratory pathogens.<sup>1</sup>Double virus infections are not uncommon. In infants less than 1 year of age, the respiratory syncytial virus was more frequently isolated, and with lesser frequency, rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza, enterovirus, and influenza virus.<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>
Effect of implementation of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness programme on treatment seeking practices for morbidities in infants: cluster randomised trial
Authors: S. Mazumder, S. Taneja, R. Bahl, P. Mohan, T. A. Strand, H. Sommerfelt, B. R. Kirkwood, N. Goyal, H. Van Den Hombergh, J. Martines, N. Bhandari
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the effect of implementation of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness strategy on treatment seeking practices and on neonatal and infant morbidity. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> Haryana, India. <b>Participants</b> 29 667 births in nine intervention clusters and 30 813 births in nine control clusters. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The pre-specified outcome was the effect on treatment seeking practices. Post hoc exploratory analyses assessed morbidity, hospital admission, post-neonatal infant care, and nutritional status outcomes. <b>Interventions</b> The Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness intervention included home visits by community health workers, improved case management of sick children, and strengthening of health systems. Outcomes were ascertained through interviews with randomly selected caregivers: 6204, 3073, and 2045 in intervention clusters and 6163, 3048, and 2017 in control clusters at ages 29 days, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively. <b>Results</b> In the intervention cluster, treatment was sought more often from an appropriate provider for severe neonatal illness (risk ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.38 to 2.24), for local neonatal infection (4.86, 3.80 to 6.21), and for diarrhoea at 6 months (1.96, 1.38 to 2.79) and 12 months (1.22, 1.06 to 1.42) and pneumonia at 6 months (2.09, 1.31 to 3.33) and 12 months (1.44, 1.00 to 2.08). Intervention mothers reported fewer episodes of severe neonatal illness (risk ratio 0.82, 0.67 to 0.99) and lower prevalence of diarrhoea (0.71, 0.60 to 0.83) and pneumonia (0.73, 0.52 to 1.04) in the two weeks preceding the 6 month interview and of diarrhoea (0.63, 0.49 to 0.80) and pneumonia (0.60, 0.46 to 0.78) in the two weeks preceding the 12 month interview. Infants in the intervention clusters were more likely to still be exclusively breast fed in the sixth month of life (risk ratio 3.19, 2.67 to 3.81). <b>Conclusion</b> Implementation of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness programme was associated with timely treatment seeking from appropriate providers and reduced morbidity, a likely explanation for the reduction in mortality observed following implementation of the programme in this study. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00474981; ICMR Clinical Trial Registry CTRI/2009/091/000715.
Baboon Renal Grafts
Authors: Claude R. Hitchcock, Joseph C. Kiser, Robert L. Telander, Edward L. Seljeskog
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IN OCTOBER, 1960, experiments were begun testing the usefulness of the large Kenya baboon for renal grafting. Previously reported studies<sup>1,2</sup>had indicated a physiological closeness of the Kenya baboon (<i>Papio doguera</i>) to man which was unusual in the animal world. Atherosclerosis had been shown to occur naturally in about 5% to 10% of older baboons,<sup>3</sup>and electrophoretic tracings of baboon sera made in our own laboratories could be superimposed on similar tracings of human sera. The initial studies with baboon kidney autografts and homografts were promising, and on Feb 16, 1963, the right kidney of a male baboon was implanted into the left thigh of an Indian woman suffering from terminal uremia secondary to severe pyelonephritis. The kidney functioned well for 41/2 days and served to dialyze the patient to near normal blood chemistry levels. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old Indian woman (hospital No. A-18785) had
Block of the Rapid Component of the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current by the Prokinetic Agent Cisapride Underlies Drug-Related Lengthening of the QT Interval
Authors: Benoit Drolet, Majed Khalifa, Pascal Daleau, Bettina A. Hamelin, Jacques Turgeon
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Lengthening of the QT interval and torsades de pointes resulting in cardiac arrests and deaths have been noticed during treatment with cisapride, a newly developed gastrointestinal prokinetic agent. The rapid ( I Kr ) and slow ( I Ks ) components of the delayed rectifier current ( I K ) are candidate ionic currents to explain cisapride-related toxicity because of their role in repolarization of cardiac ventricular myocytes. Our objectives were to (1) characterize effects of cisapride on two major time-dependent outward potassium currents involved in the repolarization of cardiac ventricular myocytes, I Kr and I Ks , and (2) determine action potential–prolonging effects of cisapride on isolated hearts. Methods and Results —A first set of experiments was performed in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes with the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Cells were held at −40 mV while time-dependent outward currents were elicited by depolarizing pulses lasting either 250 ms ( I K250 ) or 5000 ms ( I K5000 ). Effects of cisapride on the I Kr component were assessed by measurement of time-dependent activating currents elicited by short pulses (250 ms; I K250 ) to low depolarizing potentials (−20, −10, and 0 mV). Time-dependent activating currents elicited by long pulses (5000 ms; I K5000 ) to positive potentials (&gt;+30 mV) were recorded to assess effects of the drug on the I Ks component. A second set of experiments was conducted in isolated guinea pig hearts buffer-perfused in the Langendorff mode to assess effects of the drug on monophasic action potential duration measured at 90% repolarization (MAPD 90 ). Hearts were exposed to cisapride 100 nmol/L at decremental pacing cycle lengths of 250, 225, 200, 175, and 150 ms to determine reverse frequency-dependent effects of the drug. Overall, 112 myocytes were exposed to seven concentrations of cisapride (10 nmol/L to 10 μmol/L). Cisapride inhibited I Kr , the major time-dependent outward current elicited by short pulses ( I K250 ) to low depolarizing potentials, in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC 50 of 15 nmol/L (therapeutic levels, 50 to 200 nmol/L). Conversely, block of I Ks by the drug was less potent (estimated IC 50 &gt;10 μmol/L). In isolated hearts (n=9 experiments), cisapride 100 nmol/L increased MAPD 90 by 23±3 ( P &lt;.05) at a basic cycle length of 250 ms but by only 7±1 ms ( P &lt;.05) at a basic cycle length of 150 ms. Conclusions —Block of I Kr gives an explanation to lengthening of cardiac repolarization observed in isolated guinea pig hearts. Potent block of I Kr is also likely to underlie prolongation of the QT interval observed in patients receiving clinically recommended doses of cisapride as well as severe cardiac toxicity (torsades de pointes) observed in patients with increased plasma concentrations of the drug.
Lack of efficacy of finasteride in postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Vera H. Price, Janet L. Roberts, Maria Hordinsky, Elise A. Olsen, Ronald Savin, Wilma Bergfeld, Virginia Fiedler, Anne Lucky, David A. Whiting, Frances Pappas, Jennifer Culbertson, Paul Kotey, Alan Meehan, Joanne Waldstreicher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)
Oxygen carrying microbubbles for enhanced sonodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumours
Authors: Conor McEwan, Joshua Owen, Eleanor Stride, Colin Fowley, Heather Nesbitt, David Cochrane, Constantin.C. Coussios, M. Borden, Nikolitsa Nomikou, Anthony P. McHale, John F. Callan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Hybrid SPECT/CT Imaging for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Daniel S. Levine, Allan S. Belzberg, Sam M. Wiseman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

The utility of hybrid single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism is both intuitive and becoming increasingly apparent clinically, particularly for patients with prior failed surgery and for those with suspected ectopic adenomas. Second generation imaging equipment, capable of superimposing functional information on highly detailed anatomic images is proving useful in surgical planning, permitting the successful application of minimally invasive techniques. The clinical background and hybrid imaging modality are discussed, together with a selection of illustrative case images. Special emphasis is placed on the use of the technique for imaging ectopic parathyroid adenomas.
ACETANILID POISONING FROM THE USE OF PROPRIETARY HEADACHE POWDERS.
Authors: A. E. AUSTIN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The use of "patent medicines" by the laity has grown to such proportions that it has come to be looked on by physicians as a necessary evil. Many such medicines are inert, in which case their deleterious influence is exerted chiefly on the pocket of the purchaser. Unfortunately, patent medicines containing potent drugs are often sold without the slightest warning concerning excessive doses, and the experienced physician who has not seen injurious effects from them is either hopelessly blind or hopelessly prejudiced. Warnings against overdoses are rarely seen on the labels of such remedies, for the reason that the public would take alarm and the sale be diminished. No class of remedies is subject to more abuse than the so-called headache cures. In no class is caution more needed, for the chief ingredient is almost always acetanilid. The reason for the wide use of this drug is easily seen when
The depigmenting effect of ?-tocopheryl ferulate on human melanoma cells
Authors: None Funasaka, None Chakraborty, None Komoto, None Ohashi, None Ichihashi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Oral vitamin E (α-tocopherol, α-T) supplementation has been reported to improve facial hyperpigmentation. α-Tocopheryl ferulate (α-TF) is a compound of α-T and ferulic acid connected by an ester bond; ferulic acid is also an antioxidant, and could scavenge free radicals induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus maintain the long-lasting antioxidative effect of α-T. Our aim was to see whether α-TF might be useful as a whitening agent and an antioxidant to improve and prevent facial hyperpigmentation following UV exposure. In this study, the inhibitory effect of α-TF on melanogenesis was examined biochemically using human melanoma cells in culture. The results show that α-TF, solubilized in ethanol or in 0.5% lecithin, inhibited melanization significantly, as did α-T at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, without inhibiting cell growth. This phenotypic change was associated with inhibition of tyrosinase and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid polymerase activities, and the degree of inhibition was dose dependent. No significant effect on DOPAchrome tautomerase activity was observed. α-TF did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity of the large granule fraction extracted from human melanoma cells, and Western blotting revealed that there were no changes in protein content or in molecular size of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 or TRP-2. Therefore, the inhibition of tyrosinase activity by α-TF might be due to effects at the post-translational level, and possibly by a secondary molecule activated by α-TF. These results suggest that α-TF is a candidate for an efficient whitening agent which suppresses melanogenesis and inhibits biological reactions induced by reactive oxygen species.
BIFURCATION ANGLE IS AN INDISPENSABLE FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY OSTIAL LESION: A MULTISLICE CT 3D ANALYSIS
Authors: Takayoshi Toba, Shinichiro Yamada, Takatoshi Hayashi, Yasuyo Taniguchi, Sachiyo Iwata, Tomofumi Takaya, Naoki Miyoshi, Akira Shimane, Katsunori Okajima, Kiminobu Yokoi, Gaku Kanda, Yukio Mizuguchi, Shogo Oishi, Keiko Yodoi, Hiroyuki Shibata, Teishi Kajiya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sex Ignorance of Physicians
Authors: H. Paul Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Having read many of the old classics, I am impressed with how little the fundamental knowledge of interrelations of humans has changed. Much of what passes for new today can be found in Montaigne, to say nothing of Plato and Aristotle, and all of the other ancients. Much of what passes for the newer knowledge, be it art, sex, or what have you, is merely the same ideas made unrecognizable by sloppy discipline. Reference to primitive societies such as the Eskimos fails to take into account the innate discipline which must be acquired for mere survival under such rigorous environment. If our lives, in modern times, contained an equal amount of inescapable challenge, there would be little time for preoccupation with problems born of lack of it. Are anxiety, fear, want, or any of the other unpleasant experiences detrimental to the development of character and personality? It
S38 Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy on sputum from lung cancer patients, healthy controls and a high-risk cohort
Authors: R. Ghosal, K. E. Lewis, P. Kloer, S. Bayliss, L. Mur, P. D. Lewis
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> New cheap and high throughput technologies may allow earlier diagnosis and cost-effective screening programmes for lung cancer (LC). We have shown that sputum is a feasible biofluid for FTIR spectroscopy analysis1 and now further evaluate FTIR in diagnosing LC. <h3>Methods</h3> Sputum was taken from three groups: a) 54 patients (mean age 66.6±8.7 years) with a histological diagnosis of LC (39 NSCLC, 9 small cell, 1 carcinoid, 5 clinical diagnosis). b) 24 patients (mean age 65.1±13.6 years) having bronchoscopy for possible LC but no evidence of cancer was found after 1-year follow-up (high-risk). c) 54 healthy controls (HC) (mean age 51.1±15.3 years) who had no history or symptoms of LC or known respiratory disease. Sputum was self-expectorated and frozen immediately at −80°C, thawed in batches, mucolytics were added then samples centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min to form pellets. FTIR was performed using the VERTEX 70 spectrometer (Bruker Optics Ltd, Banner Lane, Coventry, UK). Median absorbance values for each wavenumber for the LC and HC cohorts were compared, then principal component analysis (Abstract S38 Figure 1) and logistical regression identified the wavenumbers that provided the greatest accuracy in differentiating the two groups; the high-risk cohort was then applied to the predictive model to see if they could be correctly identified. <h3>Results</h3> 126 light absorbance wavenumbers were significantly different between the LC and HC groups (each <i>p</i>&lt;0.05). Two wavenumbers, 1031.7 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 1409.7 cm<sup>−1</sup> were used to develop a predictive model providing a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 91%. This model then predicted 17 of the 24 high-risk cohorts as LC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> FTIR spectroscopy can distinguish LC from HC with high accuracy but had reduced specificity when applying high-risk patients, tending to over-diagnose LC. Follow-up will determine if these 17/24 people are indeed false positives or have pre-cancerous molecular changes not identifiable by current methods.
AntonChekhov. The physician and major writer
Authors: A. Macdonald
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Chekhov, in the brief 44 years of his life, combined active medical work with the creation of many of the world's literary masterpieces. His extraordinary expedition to the penal island of Sakhalin showed both his humanitarian sensibility and his remarkable foresight as a medical investigator. His sure insight into the selection of appropriate practical measures for dealing with famine and a threatened cholera epidemic further illustrates a unique combination of qualities. But above all, it is his imaginative empathy for all men, in all the vagaries of human experience that makes reading his works so rewarding for those who care for the troubled and for the sick.  ( JAMA 229:1203-1204, 1974)
Review: Polyethylene glycol is more effective than lactulose for chronic constipation in children and adults
Authors: Shahnaz Sultan, Baharak Moshiree
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club21 December 2010Review: Polyethylene glycol is more effective than lactulose for chronic constipation in children and adultsShahnaz Sultan, MD, MHSc, Baharak Moshiree, MDShahnaz Sultan, MD, MHScUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (S.S., B.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Baharak Moshiree, MDUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (S.S., B.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-12-201012210-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationLee-Robichaud H, Thomas K, Morgan J, Nelson RL. Lactulose versus polyethylene glycol for chronic constipation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(7):CD007570. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20614462Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Gastroenterology: References1 Higgins PD, Johanson JF. Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:750-9. [PMID: 15089911] Google Scholar2 Faigel, DO. A clinical approach to constipation. Clin Cornerstone. 2002;4:11-21. [PMID: 12739323] Google Scholar3 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al; GRADE Working Group. What is “quality of evidence” and why is it important to clinicians? BMJ. 2008;336:995-8. [PMID: 18456631] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (S.S., B.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 December 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 December 2010Volume 153, Issue 12Page: JC6-5KeywordsAbdominal painChildrenConstipationForecastingGastroenterology and hepatologyHealth care utilizationQuality of lifeSystematic reviews ePublished: 21 December 2010 Issue Published: 21 December 2010 CopyrightCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Quantum dots-based molecular classification of breast cancer by quantitative spectroanalysis of hormone receptors and HER2
Authors: Chuang Chen, Sheng-Rong Sun, Yi-Ping Gong, Chu-Bo Qi, Chun-Wei Peng, Xue-Qin Yang, Shao-Ping Liu, Jun Peng, Shan Zhu, Ming-Bai Hu, Dai-Wen Pang, Yan Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Surgery with disc prosthesis versus rehabilitation in patients with low back pain and degenerative disc: two year follow-up of randomised study
Authors: C. Hellum, L. G. Johnsen, K. Storheim, O. P. Nygaard, J. I. Brox, I. Rossvoll, M. Ro, L. Sandvik, O. Grundnes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To compare the efficacy of surgery with disc prosthesis versus non-surgical treatment for patients with chronic low back pain.A prospective randomised multicentre study.Five university hospitals in Norway.173 patients with a history of low back pain for at least one year, Oswestry disability index of at least 30 points, and degenerative changes in one or two lower lumbar spine levels (86 patients randomised to surgery). Patients were treated from April 2004 to September 2007.Surgery with disc prosthesis or outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation for 12-15 days.The primary outcome measure was the score on the Oswestry disability index after two years. Secondary outcome measures were low back pain, satisfaction with life (SF-36 and EuroQol EQ-5D), Hopkins symptom check list (HSCL-25), fear avoidance beliefs (FABQ), self efficacy beliefs for pain, work status, and patients' satisfaction and drug use. A blinded independent observer evaluated scores on the back performance scale and Prolo scale at two year follow-up.The study was powered to detect a difference of 10 points on the Oswestry disability index between the groups at two years. At two years there was a mean difference of -8.4 points (95% confidence interval -13.2 to -3.6) in favour of surgery. In the analysis of prespecified secondary outcomes, there were significant differences in favour of surgery for low back pain (mean difference -12.2, -21.3 to -3.1), patients' satisfaction (63% (n = 46) v 39% (n = 26)), SF-36 physical component score (mean difference 5.8, 2.5 to 9.1), self efficacy for pain (mean difference 1.0, 0.2 to 1.9), and the Prolo scale (mean difference 0.9, 0.1 to 1.6). There were no significant differences in return to work, SF-36 mental component score, EQ-5D, fear avoidance beliefs, Hopkins symptom check list, drug use, and the back performance scale. One serious complication of leg amputation occurred during surgical revision of a polyethylene dislodgement. The drop-out rate was 20% (34) and the crossover rate was 6% (5).Surgical intervention with disc prosthesis for chronic low back pain resulted in a significantly greater improvement in the Oswestry score compared with rehabilitation, but this improvement did not clearly exceed the prespecified minimally important clinical difference between groups of 10 points, and the data are consistent with a wide range of differences between the groups, including values well below 10 points. The potential risks of surgery and the substantial amount of improvement experienced by a sizeable proportion of the rehabilitation group also have to be incorporated into overall decision making. Trial registration NCT 00394732.