tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Headache Following Subarachnoid Puncture
Authors: Peter M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1972)

After hydration and analgesics had failed to alleviate symptoms in a patient with an incapacitating headache secondary to spinal puncture, the injection of autologous blood into the epidural space afforded prompt and permanent relief. "Patching" the dural hole with autologous blood is the most direct therapy available. This procedure may be considered for patients who continue to experience incapacitating symptoms following a trial of supportive therapy.
Peripheral Polyneuropathy Caused by Nitrofurantoin
Authors: Carl J. Rubenstein
Journal: JAMA (1964)

After treatment with nitrofurantoin for urinary tract infections, five patients developed peripheral polyneuropathies. Four of them had histories of chronic renal impairment. The first symptom was paresthesia, followed by muscle weakness and sensory impairment, all confined to the extremities. The symptoms appeared first in the fingers and toes and, if the drug was continued, progressed rapidly centripetally. Nitrofurantoin dosage ranged from 300 to 600 mg per day over periods of ten days to several years. Recovery was complete only when the drug was discontinued before marked muscle weakness had occurred. These cases are similar to 22 previously reported. Equal dosages of nitrofurantoin result in higher serum levels in patients with renal impairment than in those with normal renal function. In the presence of renal impairment this agent should be used with caution and discontinued at the first signs of neurotoxicity.
The labeled line / basic taste versus across-fiber pattern debate: A red herring?
Authors: Edward Alan Fox
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Why has the labeled line versus across-fiber pattern debate of taste coding not been resolved? Erickson suggests that the basic tastes concept has no rational definition to test. Similarly, however, taste neuron types, which are fundamental to the across-fiber pattern concept, have not been formally defined, leaving this concept with no rational definition to test. Consequently, the two concepts are largely indistinguishable.
Large-volume paracentesis in nonedematous patients with tense ascites: Its effect on intravascular volume
Authors: Paul C. Pinto, Jim Amerian, Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

In patients with portal hypertension and tense ascites, large-volume paracentesis improves patient comfort and may improve systemic hemodynamics. However, it has been avoided in nonedematous patients because of concern for complications, including intravascular volume depletion. In this study, 12 nonedematous patients with chronic liver disease, portal hypertension and tense ascites underwent 14 large-volume (5-liter) paracenteses for the relief of discomfort and/or respiratory distress. Plasma volume was measured directly by a dilution method with 125 I-labeled human serum albumin prior to and at 24 or 48 hr after 13 of the paracenteses. All patients felt better postparacentesis. No dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, encephalopathy or change in mean serum sodium, creatinine or blood urea nitrogen occurred. Two patients experienced a decrease in hematocrit, which was not explained by blood loss or increase in plasma volume. Mean plasma volume was 3,713 ± 129 ml (55.1 ± 1.5 ml per kg ideal body weight) preparacentesis and 3,684 ± 136 ml postparacentesis, the difference being −0.78% (p = 0.48, NS). Our results suggest that 5-liter paracentesis in nonedematous patients with tense portal hypertension-related ascites improves patient comfort and is not associated with a decrease in measured plasma volume.
Emotions and Bodily Changes: A Survey of Literature on Psychosomatic Interrelationships, 1910-1953.
Authors: H. Flanders Dunbar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

The object of this work is well described in its subtitle, "A Survey of Literature on Psychosomatic Interrelationships." It is a bibliography of the literature of the subject between 1910 and 1933, with penetrating critical comments. It first considers the problems of the subject and the methods of their study, then the influences of the psyche on various organs and tissues of the body. These sections constitute the main part of the book. A brief survey of its therapeutic considerations follows, and finally there is a bibliography with comments, which takes up no less than 120 pages. The work is thus an extensive summary of this interesting and important but highly difficult subject. The interest of dermatologists is especially in the chapter on the skin, in which is given an intelligent review of the present knowlege of this field. While Dunbar is naturally inclined to see all
Abstract 1530: The obligate role of microglia in tumorigenesis in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis-1 optic glioma
Authors: Winnie W. Pong, Samantha B. Higer, Scott M. Gianino, David H. Gutmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Brain tumors (gliomas) are composed of heterogeneous populations of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. While the neoplastic cells have classically been the target of therapeutic drug design, recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for non-neoplastic cells in brain tumor growth. The importance of non-neoplastic (stromal) cells is underscored by genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) models of Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated optic glioma. Whereas mice lacking Nf1 gene expression in GFAP+ glial cells do not develop brain tumors, nearly 100% of Nf1+/− mice with GFAP+ cell Nf1 inactivation form optic gliomas. These observations establish an obligate role for Nf1+/− non-neoplastic cells in gliomagenesis. One of the non-neoplastic cell types found in both mouse and human NF1-associated gliomas is microglia, a resident population of macrophage-like cells. To prove that microglia are essential drivers of glioma formation, we generated Nf1 optic glioma mice with reduced expression of the microglial chemokine receptor CX3CR1 (Nf1+/−GFAPCKO-cx3cr1+/GFP mice). Consistent with the critical role of CX3CR1 in microglial function, Nf1+/−GFAPCKO-cx3cr1+/GFP mice had reduced numbers of Iba1+ microglia in the optic nerve. Moreover, Nf1+/−GFAPCKO-cx3cr1+/GFP mice had optic glioma proliferative indices and optic nerve volumes comparable to those found in wild-type mice, demonstrating that microglia are necessary for optic nerve gliomagenesis. Collectively, these findings establish an obligate role for microglia in glioma formation and suggest that CX3CR1 is a potential target for future therapeutic drug design. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1530. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1530
Metabolism of High-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoproteins in Tangier Disease
Authors: Ernst J. Schaefer, Conrad B. Blum, Robert I. Levy, Leslie L. Jenkins, Petar Alaupovic, David M. Foster, H. Bryan Brewer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To define the metabolic defect in Tangier disease, we studied the kinetics of [125I]-high-density lipoprotein apolipoproteins (apolipoproteins A-I and A-II) in 11 normal subjects, two obligate heterozygotes, and two homozygotes. Mean synthesis of apolipoproteins A-1 and A-11 was 8.24 mg per kilogram per day in the normal group, 7.94 in heterozygotes and 3.66 in homozygotes. The mean plasma-residence time for both apolipoproteins was 5.21 days in the normal subjects, 3.41 days in heterozygotes, and 0.52 days in homozygotes. In normal subjects and heterozygotes the apolipoproteins were catabolized at similar rates, whereas in homozygotes apolipoprotein A-I was catabolized at a much greater fractional rate than apolipoprotein A-II. These findings indicate that the deficiency of these apolipoproteins in Tangier disease is largely due to rapid and altered catabolism.
Abstract 1639: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans potently inhibit invasion and serve as a central organizer of the brain tumor microenvironment.
Authors: Daniel J. Silver, Florian A. Siebzehnrubl, Michela J. Schildts, Anthony T. Yachnis, George M. Smith, Amy A. Smith, Bjorn Scheffler, Brent A. Reynolds, Jerry Silver, Dennis A. Steindler
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite tremendous effort, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most pervasive and lethal of all brain malignancies. One factor that contributes to this exceedingly poor prognosis is the highly invasive character of the tumor. GBM is characterized by microscopic infiltration of tumor cells throughout the otherwise healthy brain, whereas non-neural metastases, as well as select lower-grade gliomas develop as self-contained and clearly delineated lesions. Illustrated by rodent xenograft tumor models as well as pathological human patient specimens, we present evidence that one fundamental switch between these two distinct pathologies - invasion and non-invasion - is mediated through the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). Specifically, non-invasive lesions are associated with a rich matrix containing substantial amounts of glycosylated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), whereas glycosylated CSPGs are essentially absent from diffusely infiltrative tumors. CSPGs, acting as a central organizer of the tumor microenvironment, dramatically influence resident reactive astrocytes, inducing their exodus from the tumor mass and the resultant encapsulation of non-invasive lesions. Additionally, CSPGs induce activation of tumor-associated microglia. We demonstrate that the astrogliotic barrier can directly inhibit tumor invasion, and its absence from GBM presents an environment favorable to diffuse infiltration. We also identify the LAR phosphatase receptor as a putative intermediary between extracellular CSPGs and the tumor cells themselves. In all, we present CSPGs as critical regulators of brain tumor histopathology and help to clarify the role of the tumor microenvironment in brain tumor invasion. Citation Format: Daniel J. Silver, Florian A. Siebzehnrubl, Michela J. Schildts, Anthony T. Yachnis, George M. Smith, Amy A. Smith, Bjorn Scheffler, Brent A. Reynolds, Jerry Silver, Dennis A. Steindler. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans potently inhibit invasion and serve as a central organizer of the brain tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1639. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1639
DO COUNTRIES OR HOSPITALS WITH LONGER STAYS HAVE LOWER READMISSION RATES? FINDINGS FROM THE ASCEND-HF TRIAL
Authors: Zubin Eapen, Shelby Reed, Yanhong Li, Paul Armstrong, Randall Starling, John McMurray, Barry Massie, Karl Swedberg, Justin Ezekowitz, Gregg Fonarow, John Teerlink, Marco Metra, David Whellan, Christopher O&apos;Connor, Robert Califf, Adrian Hernandez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Diagnosis of Silent Myocardial Ischemia During the Staging of HIV-Associated Lymphoma With FDG PET/CT
Authors: Denis Mariano-Goulart, Diana Ilonca, Aurélie Bourdon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Fasting 18F fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography examinations are routinely performed for the staging of HIV-associated lymphomas. In addition to possible comorbidity factors, the chronic inflammation that occurs in HIV-infected patients together with the metabolic side effects of antiretroviral therapy increases the risk for coronary artery disease. Moreover, HIV-infected patients are likely to develop polyneuropathies due to the viral infection or to the side effects of long-term protease or nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor treatments.We report a case that illustrates the need to suspect the diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia among HIV-positive patients with myocardial F-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose uptake involving a coronary artery territory.
Functional Analysis and Transcriptomic Profiling of iPSC-Derived Macrophages and Their Application in Modeling Mendelian Disease
Authors: Hanrui Zhang, Chenyi Xue, Rhia Shah, Kate Bermingham, Christine C. Hinkle, Wenjun Li, Amrith Rodrigues, Jennifer Tabita-Martinez, John S. Millar, Marina Cuchel, Evanthia E. Pashos, Ying Liu, Ruilan Yan, Wenli Yang, Sager J. Gosai, Daniel VanDorn, Stella T. Chou, Brian D. Gregory, Edward E. Morrisey, Mingyao Li, Daniel J. Rader, Muredach P. Reilly
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Rationale: An efficient and reproducible source of genotype-specific human macrophages is essential for study of human macrophage biology and related diseases. Objective: To perform integrated functional and transcriptome analyses of human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived macrophages (IPSDMs) and their isogenic human peripheral blood mononuclear cell–derived macrophage (HMDM) counterparts and assess the application of IPSDM in modeling macrophage polarization and Mendelian disease. Methods and Results: We developed an efficient protocol for differentiation of IPSDM, which expressed macrophage-specific markers and took up modified lipoproteins in a similar manner to HMDM. Like HMDM, IPSDM revealed reduction in phagocytosis, increase in cholesterol efflux capacity and characteristic secretion of inflammatory cytokines in response to M1 (lipopolysaccharide+interferon-γ) activation. RNA-Seq revealed that nonpolarized (M0) as well as M1 or M2 (interleukin-4) polarized IPSDM shared transcriptomic profiles with their isogenic HMDM counterparts while also revealing novel markers of macrophage polarization. Relative to IPSDM and HMDM of control individuals, patterns of defective cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein-3 were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in IPSDM and HMDM of patients with Tangier disease, an autosomal recessive disorder because of mutations in ATP-binding cassette transporter AI. Tangier disease-IPSDM also revealed novel defects of enhanced proinflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide stimulus. Conclusions: Our protocol-derived IPSDM are comparable with HMDM at phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic levels. Tangier disease-IPSDM recapitulated hallmark features observed in HMDM and revealed novel inflammatory phenotypes. IPSDMs provide a powerful tool for study of macrophage-specific function in human genetic disorders as well as molecular studies of human macrophage activation and polarization.
Dangers from mercury
Authors: K. Choudhury, J. Morris, H. Harrison, E. O'Moore
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In <b><i>Portfolio Construction and New Energy Infrastructure Investing</i></b>, from the Winter 2021 issue of <b><i>The Journal of Impact and ESG Investing</i></b>, authors <b>Christian Andersson</b>, <b>Christian Broberg</b>, <b>Kerim Kaskal</b>, and <b>Martin Sonesson</b> (all of <b>Worthwhile Capital Partners</b>) argue for diversifying away from traditional assets and into renewable-energy infrastructure. Historically high stock price-to-earnings ratios (P/Es) and low bond yields, plus increasing correlation between stock and bond performance, make it unlikely that traditional assets will provide the risk-adjusted returns life insurers and pension funds need to cover long-term liabilities. The authors demonstrate that renewable energy generation is newly ready for investment at scale and has political tailwinds behind it. Wind and solar power have become so efficient that they operate at lower costs than coal-fired power plants, and governments worldwide are funding conversion of energy grids to renewable power. It is time to reallocate assets into renewable-energy infrastructure, but investors must carefully manage risks specific to this sector. This requires diversifying across three renewable-energy asset subclasses—generation, flexibility, and connectivity—whose revenue streams can vary and do not correlate with one another. By reallocating to a carefully constructed renewable-energy portfolio, institutional investors can diversify their holdings and improve risk-adjusted returns.
Abstract LB-221: PI3K-independent, Rheb-mediated mTOR activation promotes lapatinib resistance
Authors: Samuel W. Brady, Jian Zhang, Ming Horng Tsai, Dihua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Acquired resistance to HER2 kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib, presents an unmet clinical need among the 20% of breast cancers with HER2 amplification. To identify mechanisms of lapatinib resistance, we generated a lapatinib resistance model by extended exposure of the AU565 HER2-amplified breast cancer cell line to lapatinib (AU565 LapR cell line), which was highly resistant to lapatinib compared to AU565 parental cells. AU565 LapR cells maintained mTORC1 activation (indicated by p-P70 S6K and p-S6) after lapatinib treatment, whereas mTORC1 was completely inhibited in lapatinib-treated parental cells. Moreover, HER2 was inhibited equally well by lapatinib in parental and LapR cells, suggesting that mTORC1 activation in LapR cells was HER2-independent. Interestingly, mTORC1 activation in LapR cells was PI3K/Akt-independent, as p-Akt was completely inhibited by lapatinib in parental and LapR cells, while mTORC1 activation was maintained in LapR cells only. LapR cells were sensitive to mTORC1 and mTORC1/2 inhibition, but not to PI3K inhibition. Knockdown of the GTPase Rheb, which is known to promote mTORC1 activation, abolished mTORC1 activity in lapatinib-treated LapR cells, indicating that Rheb was required for mTOR activation in LapR cells. Surprisingly, several known mediators of Rheb/mTOR activation, such as TSC1/2, AMPK, the β-catenin pathway, and PRAS40, were not altered in their activation status in LapR cells compared with parental cells. This suggests that a potentially novel mechanism of mTOR activation may promote lapatinib resistance. These findings suggest the use of mTOR inhibitors in lapatinib-resistant breast cancers, and also may lead to novel basic mechanistic insights into mTOR signaling, which is commonly dysregulated in cancer. Citation Format: Samuel W. Brady, Jian Zhang, Ming Horng Tsai, Dihua Yu. PI3K-independent, Rheb-mediated mTOR activation promotes lapatinib resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-221. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-221
WEIGHTY PROBLEMS: SPORT INJURIES IN OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE ACTIVE CANADIAN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: A Ezzat, A Schneeberg, M Koehoorn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Despite the multitude of benefits of sport participation, it is the leading cause of injury requiring medical attention in Canadian youth. Previous research found both increased exposure to sport and body mass index (BMI) are injury risk factors. As a modifiable risk factor, further examination of the association between being obese or overweight and sport injury is warranted, accounting for sport exposure level. Objective To examine the relationship between sport injury and overweight and obese weight, versus normal weight, among a sub-sample of adolescents. It is hypothesized that overweight and obese adolescents will have increased odds of sport injury. Design Cross-sectional analysis of the national population-based Canadian Community Health Survey (2009/10) by Statistics Canada. Setting Canada. Participants Nationally representative sample (n=6163) of Canadian adolescents aged 12–19 years, classified ‘active’ by daily energy expenditure in physical activity minimum 3 METS (Kcal/kg/day). Risk factor assessment BMI was calculated using self-report data. Using Coles Classification System, participants were grouped: normal, overweight, or obese categories. Other variables (sex, ethnicity, daily physical activity, socio-economic status) were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis to control for confounding. Main outcome measurements Sport injury: an injury in the past 12 months while engaged in sport or exercise. Results Among the sample of active adolescents, 25% (n=1 529) reported a sport injury in the past 12 months. In the final adjusted model, no significant relationship was found between being overweight and sport injury (OR=1.05 95% CI=0.90–1.22). A significantly reduced odds of sport injury was observed among obese adolescents (OR=0.72 95% CI=0.53–0.99) compared to their normal weight counterparts. Conclusions Overweight or obese active adolescents do not appear to be at increased risk of sports injury in this sample. The decreased odds among obese adolescents may be because of differences in intensity of sport participation or type of sporting activity.
Some problems of permanent artificial pacing.
Authors: M. S. Gotsman, L. W. Piller, W. Beck, C. N. Barnard, V. Schrire
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDIBALJOURNAL 343 hours immediately preceding death were not made, and further evidence is required before their effect can be assessed adequately.We are grateful to the Registrar General for providing us with copies of the death entries relating to young persons who had died of asthma, to the many doctors and coroners who replied to our questions
The Portal Circulation
Authors: Charles G. Child
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

AS part of the pleasant task of preparing this, the sixty-fifth George Cheyne Shattuck Lecture, I reviewed the provisions of Dr. Shattuck's bequest to this society. These state that this lecture should be given "by some suitable person... on the climate of the Commonwealth, on the diseases of its inhabitants, and on such other subjects as the said society may select." Needless to say, I have entertained a number of misgivings about the suitability of the person selected for the honor this year, for as I review the accomplishments of my illustrious predecessors, mine seem meager indeed. Because my short . . .
Is the wearing of elastic stockings for half a day as effective as wearing them for the entire day?
Authors: C.E.Q. Belczak, J.M.P. De Godoy, R.N. Ramos, M.A. De Oliveira, S.Q. Belczak, R.A. Caffaro
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background There is good evidence for the use of compression for some clinical indications but little is known about dosimetry in compression. Objective The aim of this work was to evaluate whether or not the use of compression stockings during part of the day would help in the reduction of evening oedema in patients with clinical, epidemiological, anatomical and physiopathological (CEAP) classifications C0 and C1. Methods The effects of elastic compression stockings on volumetric variations during the working day were evaluated for the legs of two men and 18 women (40 legs). The inclusion criterion was classification as C0 (10 legs) or C1 (30 legs) according to the CEAP criteria. Participants used three-quarter-length elastic compression stockings (20–30 mmHg) on three consecutive days for the entire day or only for the morning or they did not use the stockings at all. Volumetry using the water displacement technique was performed in the morning and in the evening. When the patients wore the stockings only during the morning, volumetry was also performed at 13:00 h. Results Significant increases in volume were observed for both legs when stockings were not used compared with the use of stockings in the morning only. After removing the stockings, both legs had significant increases in volume in the afternoon. However, use for half the day was better than not using the stockings at all. Conclusions The use of elastic compression stockings can reduce volumetric variations during working hours, with the use of stockings for the entire day being better than for just half the day.