tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A unique pulmonary venous abnormality: with associated pulmonary arterial anomaly and arteriovenous malformation.
Authors: M Honey, M C Pearson, J N Pattinson
Journal: Thorax (1976)

A man aged 29 was first seen at the age of 11, when he was found to have a congenital anomaly of the pulmonary veins which follow an abnormal course to the hilum. On the left side, two large veins descend peripherally before turning medially towards the left atrium; on the right, several smaller veins follow a similar circuitous route from the periphery, before uniting into two main veins which enter the left atrium. The proximal pulmonary arteries are normal in their pattern of branching and distribution but are dilated and tortous and taper abruptly: the left lower lobe artery is abnormally large almost down to the diaphragm. There is also a systemic arterio/pulmonary venous fistula. There is no haemodynamic disturbance, but gas transfer is slightly impaired, and there is slight arterial desaturation. The congenital anomaly is unique. Reported cases described as having pulmonary venous varices are a heterogeneous group, but one patient described as such shows resemblances to our case.
Ultrasound dating and birth weight at term
Authors: J Gardosi, T Mul, M Mongelli, M Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (1994)

address the issue of selection bias in their study population.Hypertension in black people may be diagnosed at a more advanced stage than in the general population, and referrals to a specialist clinic may also differ by ethnic group.This would mean that the true degree of hypertension was greater in the black people studied.These selection biases can be overcome by a population based study.In such a study we showed that average resting systolic blood pressure is 6 mm Hg higher in men of black African descent and 17 mm Hg higher in women of black African descent than in the general population.2Further, we showed that the nocturnal fall in blood pressure is less in black than white people, even when resting blood pressure is taken into account.The overall burden of hypertension for a similar blood pres- sure would therefore be greater in black than in white people.People of black African descent have a greater mortality from stroke,3 more left ventricular hypertrophy,4 and more renal damage5 than white people.Racial differences in cardiac structure alone cannot account for this.A more plausible explanation is that ethnic differences in hypertensive load are inadequately characterised by current methods of blood pressure measurement.
Lincomycin in Larger Doses
Authors: Burton A. Waisbren
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  We have been using large doses of lincomycin hyd o-chloride monohydrate (Lincocin) for the treatment of endocarditis (Arch Intern Med120:361, 1967) and severe staphylococcal infections and wish to bring to the immediate attention of fellow practitioners the fact that large doses of lincomycin, given rapidly, seem to be associated with cardiopulmonary arrest. We have observed four cases in which this has occurred. On the other hand, the same dosages given slowly have been tolerated by hundreds of patients.  I therefore suggest that when more than 4 gm of lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate are given intravenously that they should be diluted in at least 500 ml of fluid. This infusion should be run in at a maximum rate of 100 ml/hr.
Rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow. Pattern of joint involvement, and results of synovectomy with excision of the radial head.
Authors: H Stein, R A Dickson, G Bentley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Thirty-two rheumatoid elbow joints in 25 patients which had undergone synovectomy and excision of the radial head have been studied from the point of view of pattern of joint involvement and the efficacy of surgery. In this group of patients there was a significant trend towards affection of proximal joints occurring earlier in the course of the disease than distal joints. There was a high incidence of involvement of wrist and knee. There was a positive relationship between dominance and the elbow affected. Pain diminished in all cases after surgery, and there was a significant improvement in hinge movement but no significant improvement in range of forearm rotation though it was less painful. Single lateral approach gave satisfactory exposure and is favoured. Complciations of the procedure were few.
A Simple and Accurate Form of Sphygmometer or Arterial Pressure Gauge Contrived for Clinical Use
Authors: L. Hill, H. Barnard
Journal: BMJ (1897)

Tuis instrument consists of: (I) A broad armlet, which is strapped round the upper arm. The armlet is formed of a flexible steel band, on the inside of which there is fastened a bag of thin indiarubber. The rubber bag is connected by a Y-tube with (2) a small compressing air pump fitted with a valve and (3) a pressure gauge. The pressure gauge is of special construction. Roughly, it consists of a metal tambour, the expansion of which is
Assessment of Splanchnic Oxygenation by Gastric Tonometry in Patients With Acute Circulatory Failure
Authors: Nicholas Maynard
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To investigate the importance of splanchnic ischemia in patients with acute circulatory failure by comparing gastric intramucosal pH as measured by tonometry with conventional methods of assessing adequacy of tissue oxygenation.Prospective cohort of patients with acute circulatory failure in first 24 hours after admission to the intensive care unit.Two general intensive care units in London, England.Consecutive sample of 83 patients of varying diagnostic categories that required pulmonary artery catheterization.Gastric intramucosal pH and hemodynamic, oxygen transport, and metabolic variables were measured on admission and at 12 hours and 24 hours after admission. Prediction of outcome (death or survival) by each measurement was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, and logistic regression analysis.Mean 24-hour Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score was 20.3. There were significant differences in mean gastric intramucosal pH between survivors and nonsurvivors on admission and at 24 hours, (7.40 vs 7.28, 7.40 vs 7.24, respectively; P < .001). Admission heart rate was higher (116 vs 101 beats per minute; P < .003) and mean arterial pressure lower (82 vs 97 mm Hg; P < .01) in nonsurvivors. There were no consistent differences in cardiac index, oxygen delivery, and oxygen uptake between survivors and nonsurvivors. Admission arterial pH was significantly lower (7.3 vs 7.36; P < .003), base excess more negative (-5.3 vs -1.9; P < .001), and lactate concentration higher (3.14 vs 1.91 mmol/L; P < .03) in nonsurvivors. Gastric intramucosal pH had a sensitivity of 88% for predicting death and a likelihood ratio of 2.32, higher than for any other variable. Only gastric intramucosal pH at 24 hours independently predicted outcome.Gastric intramucosal pH was the most reliable indicator of adequacy of tissue oxygenation in this group of patients. Inadequate regional blood flow as detected by a reduction in gastric intramucosal pH, but not by systemic measures, is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in intensive care units.
Underneath The Nutmegge Tree
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Did you know that nutmeg and peach trees are similar in design, although not in the edibility of their fruits? Peach stones are thrown away, but the dried kernel of the nut of the nutmeg tree Myristica fragrans which groweth on the isle of Molucca is a widely used remedy for the cup custard, and the egge-nogge.  In the more romantic past, pharmacopeias included nutmeg and its oils as a carminative, or as an odorkiller in ointments, noting that in large doses nutmeg excites the motor cortex and produces a species of epileptiform convulsion. Still, nutmeg parties were unusual, and the toxic properties not sought as a relief for ennui of the young.  Now the whole situation has changed! Some California scientists have discovered that nutmeg contains psychotropic substances. Morning glory, peyotl, mescal, and tlitliltzen are joined by nutmeg! ( Nature  210 :380, 1966). Nutmeg snuffs are secretly
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of primary liver cancer in the United States: A study in the SEER-medicare database
Authors: Tania M. Welzel, Barry I. Graubard, Stefan Zeuzem, Hashem B. El-Serag, Jessica A. Davila, Katherine A. McGlynn
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have increased in the United States. Metabolic syndrome is recognized as a risk factor for HCC and a postulated one for ICC. The magnitude of risk, however, has not been investigated on a population level in the United States. We therefore examined the association between metabolic syndrome and the development of these cancers. All persons diagnosed with HCC and ICC between 1993 and 2005 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. For comparison, a 5% sample of individuals residing in the same regions as the SEER registries of the cases was selected. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome as defined by the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and other risk factors for HCC (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease) and ICC (biliary cirrhosis, cholangitis, cholelithiasis, choledochal cysts, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease) were compared among persons who developed cancer and those who did not. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The inclusion criteria were met by 3649 HCC cases, 743 ICC cases, and 195,953 comparison persons. Metabolic syndrome was significantly more common among persons who developed HCC (37.1%) and ICC (29.7%) than the comparison group (17.1%, P<0.0001). In adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses, metabolic syndrome remained significantly associated with increased risk of HCC (odds ratio=2.13; 95% confidence interval=1.96-2.31, P<0.0001) and ICC (odds ratio=1.56; 95% confidence interval=1.32-1.83, P<0.0001).Metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for development of HCC and ICC in the general U.S. population.
Transplantation of stromal cells transduced with the human IL3 gene to stimulate hematopoiesis in human fetal bone grafts in non-obese, diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency mice
Authors: N Brouard, A Chapel, TMA Neildez-Nguyen, C Granotier, I Khazaal, B Péault, D Thierry
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
A CRITICAL SURVEY OF THE RETINAL LESIONS IN CHRONIC GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS
Authors: EDWARD W. CANNADY
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The large number of patients visiting the renal clinic of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital during the past seventeen years has afforded an unusual opportunity for the observation of the progressive changes in the ocular fundi in cases of Bright's disease and for their correlation with clinical and laboratory observations. The majority of reports in the literature on the retinal manifestations of chronic glomerular nephritis have consisted of cases in which single or relatively few ophthalmoscopic observations had been made. The patients comprising this series have had frequent examinations over an average period of nearly four years. It was our original purpose in this investigation to determine the prognostic significance of the severe retinal lesions of chronic glomerular nephritis. We soon found that our group of cases revealed information of even greater significance, several of the features differing from those previously reported by others. These concerned the incidence of the
Sensitivity of Scrotal Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Varicocele
Authors: M J E VAN DER VIS-MELSEN, R J M BAERT, F J VAN DER BEEK, TH P J DE WRINGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Scrotal scintiangiography was performed in 136 infertile males. Thirty patients (22%) were clinically suspected of varicocele. Scintigraphically, the number of abnormal observations was much higher (52 patients, 38%). Correlation of scintigraphic findings with results of clinical examination, surgical data, and sperm analysis indicated a sensitivity of 86 to 92% for scrotal scintigraphy, whereas the sensitivity for clinical evaluation is only 50%.
Effort under way to enlist more primary care physicians in treatment of substance abuse
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

AN EFFORT is under way to provide even better care for the patient with alcohol or other substance abuse problems. One of the principal ways being explored is to enlist more primary care physicians into the army of social workers, counselors, and others who currently treat the majority of those with addiction to alcohol and other drugs, including addicted persons who may be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The latter group is included because of the high rate of substance abuse among this population. The effort has the backing of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Bush administration. Burton J. Lee III, MD, President Bush's personal physician, cochaired a national steering committee that laid the groundwork. <h3>Barriers to Care?</h3> A series of workshops was held around the country to look at barriers to providing more quality care for the drug-abusing patient and to suggest ways
Evidence for a novel human-specific xeno-auto-antibody response against vascular endothelium
Authors: Tho Pham, Christopher J. Gregg, Felix Karp, Renee Chow, Vered Padler-Karavani, Hongzhi Cao, Xi Chen, Joseph L. Witztum, Nissi M. Varki, Ajit Varki
Journal: Blood (2009)
Abstract 2705: Glycoprotein 90K's antitumor effects through activation of the dendritic cells
Authors: Ji Hee Lee, Myong Suk Park, Mi Ra Park, Woo Kyun Bae, Jun Eul Hwang, Jae Hyuk Lee, Ik Joo Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The secreted glycoprotein, 90K is also known as Mac-2 binding protein belonging to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily that is implicated in immune defense and immune regulation. We examined the relation between over-expressed 90K in tumor cells and immune activation. Here, we investigated whether over-expressed 90K enable the activation of signal transduction pathways and subsequent modulation of DC-maturation status. In vitro cell functional assay, transduction of 90K to dendritic cells was achieved by adenoviral system. Also, we tried to make a mouse model with cancer overexpressing 90K and cancer knockdowned 90K. Then, we analyzed the infiltrated immune cell into tumor region and splenocytes of tumor bearing mice. Dendritic cells transfected with 90K showed IL12p70 and IFN-gamma incensement in DC-cytokine profile and induction of Th1 responses. Tumor infiltrating cells (TIL) into splenocytes were increased in tumor bearing mice knockdowned 90K. Our data indicate that 90K can induce robust maturation of dendritic cells and tumor regression through recruiting TIL. We suggest that 90K may play role in a new target for the treatment of cancer by immune modulation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2705. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2705
Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Zoledronic Acid for Osteoporosis in Frail Elderly Women
Authors: Susan L. Greenspan, Subashan Perera, Mary Anne Ferchak, David A. Nace, Neil M. Resnick
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Eighty-five percent of institutionalized elderly people have osteoporosis and bone fracture rates 8 to 9 times higher than rates observed among community-dwelling elderly people. Nevertheless, most of these persons are left untreated and are excluded from pivotal osteoporosis trials.To determine the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid to treat osteoporosis in frail elderly women in long-term care facilities.We conducted a 2-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study from December 2007 through March 2012. Included were 181 women 65 or older with osteoporosis, including those with cognitive impairment, immobility, and multimorbidity, who were living in nursing homes and assisted-living facilities.One 5-mg dose of zoledronic acid or placebo intravenously and daily calcium and vitamin D supplementation.Hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 and 24 months and adverse events.There were no baseline differences in mean (SE) age (85.4 [0.6] years), BMD, or functional or cognitive status, but the treatment group included more participants with frailty, falls history, diabetes, and anticonvulsant medication use. Values for BMD were available for 87% of participants at 12 months and 73% at 24 months. Mean (SE) BMD changes were greater in the treatment group: 3.2 (0.7) and 3.9 (0.7) percentage-point differences in the total hip at 12 and 24 months, respectively (P < .01 for both comparisons), and 1.8 (0.7) and 3.6 (0.7) percentage-point differences at the spine (P < .01); adjusted analyses were similar. The treatment and placebo groups' fracture rates were 20% and 16%, respectively (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.61-2.78); mortality rates were 16% and 13% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.54-2.86). Groups did not differ in the proportion of single fallers (28% vs 24%; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.64-2.42; P = .52), but more participants in the treatment group had multiple falls (49% vs 35%; OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.01-3.33; P = .047); however, this difference was no longer significant when adjusted for baseline frailty.In this group of frail elderly women with osteoporosis, 1 dose of zoledronic acid improved BMD over 2 years. The clinical importance of nonsignificant increases in fracture and mortality rates in the treatment group needs further study. Since it is not known whether such therapy reduces the risk of fracture in this cohort, any change in nursing home practice must await results of larger trials powered to assess fracture rates.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00558012.
427 IRS-4 DETERMINES SURVIVAL IN A HUMAN HEPATOCARCINOMA CELL LINE (HEPG2) SUBJECTED TO TNF-ALPHA PLUS ACTINOMYCIN D THERAPY
Authors: E.P. Cuevas, I.D. Roman, O. Escribano, A. Chiloeches, J. Monserrat, A.A. Arias, M.D. Fernandez-Moreno, L.G. Guijarro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Ufd1 Is a Cofactor of gp78 and Plays a Key Role in Cholesterol Metabolism by Regulating the Stability of HMG-CoA Reductase
Authors: Jian Cao, Jiang Wang, Wei Qi, Hong-Hua Miao, Jing Wang, Liang Ge, Russell A. DeBose-Boyd, Jing-Jie Tang, Bo-Liang Li, Bao-Liang Song
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Pre-retrieval reperfusion decreases cancer recurrence after rat ischemic liver graft transplantation
Authors: Graziano Oldani, Lindsey A. Crowe, Lorenzo A. Orci, Florence Slits, Laura Rubbia-Brandt, Claudio de Vito, Philippe Morel, Gilles Mentha, Thierry Berney, Jean-Paul Vallée, Stéphanie Lacotte, Christian Toso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Liver transplantation from marginal donors is associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions, which may increase the risk of post-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. Graft reperfusion prior to retrieval (as for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation--ECMO) can prevent I/R lesions. The impact of I/R on the risk of cancer recurrence was assessed on a syngeneic Fischer-rat liver transplantation model.HCC cells were injected into the vena porta of all recipients at the end of an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Control donors were standard heart-beating, ischemic ones (ISC), underwent 10 min or 30 min inflow liver clamping prior to retrieval, and ischemic/reperfused (ISC/R) donors underwent 2h liver reperfusion after the clamping.I/R lesions were confirmed in the ISC group, with the presence of endothelial and hepatocyte injury, and increased liver function tests. These lesions were in part reversed by the 2h reperfusion in the ISC/R group. HCC growth was higher in the 10 min and 30 min ISC recipients (p = 0.018 and 0.004 vs. control, as assessed by MRI difference between weeks one and two), and was prevented in the ISC/Rs (p = 0.04 and 0.01 vs. ISC). These observations were associated with a stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in the ISC recipients only, and the expression of hypoxia and HCC growth-enhancer genes, including Hmox1, Hif1a and Serpine1.This experiment suggests that ischemia/reperfusion lesions lead to an increased risk of post-transplant HCC recurrence and growth. This observation can be reversed by graft reperfusion prior to retrieval.
A discrete event modelling framework for simulation of long-term outcomes of sequential treatment strategies for ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: A. Tran-Duy, A. Boonen, M. A. F. J. van de Laar, A. C. Franke, J. L. Severens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To develop a modelling framework which can simulate long-term quality of life, societal costs and cost-effectiveness as affected by sequential drug treatment strategies for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). <h3>Methods</h3> Discrete event simulation paradigm was selected for model development. Drug efficacy was modelled as changes in disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)) and functional status (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI)), which were linked to costs and health utility using statistical models fitted based on an observational AS cohort. Published clinical data were used to estimate drug efficacy and time to events. Two strategies were compared: (1) five available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (strategy 1) and (2) same as strategy 1 plus two tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors (strategy 2). 13 000 patients were followed up individually until death. For probability sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo simulations were performed with 1000 sets of parameters sampled from the appropriate probability distributions. <h3>Results</h3> The models successfully generated valid data on treatments, BASDAI, BASFI, utility, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs at time points with intervals of 1–3 months during the simulation length of 70 years. Incremental cost per QALY gained in strategy 2 compared with strategy 1 was €35 186. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of €80 000, it was 99.9% certain that strategy 2 was cost-effective. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The modelling framework provides great flexibility to implement complex algorithms representing treatment selection, disease progression and changes in costs and utilities over time of patients with AS. Results obtained from the simulation are plausible.