tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vitro toxicity and transformation potency of nickel compounds.
Authors: K Hansen, R M Stern
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

An in vitro bioassay utilizing BHK-21 cells in culture is used to determine the relative transformation potential of a number of nickel compounds including, as relatively insoluble particulates a known carcinogen (Ni3S2) and several oxides either of commercial interest or found in the working environment in the metal industry (e.g., NiO), and a soluble salt [Ni(CH3COO)2]. Although a wide range of transformation potency is found as a function of the dose of Ni per area of culture, all substances produce the same number of transformed colonies at the same degree of toxicity (e.g., 50% survival). If toxicity is a direct measure of intracellular concentration, then apparently nickel per se is the ultimate transforming agent independent of source or uptake mechanism.
Roentgenologic Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip
Authors: Gene G. Hunder, Patrick J. Kelly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Editorial Notes1 September 1968Roentgenologic Transient Osteoporosis of the HipGENE G. HUNDER, M.D., F.A.C.P., PATRICK J. KELLY, M.D.GENE G. HUNDER, M.D., F.A.C.P., PATRICK J. KELLY, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-3-633_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA recent report by Lequesne (1) adds more evidence to previous studies (2-4) predicating that roentgenologic transient osteoporosis of the hip can be recognized as a definite syndrome. His paper is the third in the past 3 years to focus attention on this previously unrecognized entity and to suggest that it may be relatively common. It is important to be aware of this syndrome because it appears to resolve without specific treatment and because roentgenograms may initially suggest an infectious or neoplastic lesion.The findings in the patients described in all reports are strikingly similar. All patients had the cardinal...References1. LEQUESNE M: Algodystrophy of the hip: a description of ten cases. Presse Med. 76: 973, 1968. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. DE MARCHISANTACROCESOLARINO EAGB: Su di una peculiare artropatia rarefacente dell'anca. Arch. Putti 21: 62, 1966. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. HUNDERKELLY GGPJ: Roentgenologic transient osteoporosis of the hip: a clinical syndrome? Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 539, 1968. LinkGoogle Scholar4. CURTISSKINCAID PHWE: Transitory demoralization of the hip in pregnancy: a report of three cases. J. Bone Joint Surg. [Amer.] 41: 1327, 1959. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByConventional Radiography of the Hip RevisitedImaging of OsteoporosisTransient osteoporosis of the hip: long-term outcomes in men and nonpregnant womenCalcitonin in the Treatment of Transient Osteoporosis of the HipRegional migratory osteoporosis of the lower extremities with vertebral osteoporosisRegional migratory osteoporosis. 1 September 1968Volume 69, Issue 3Page: 633-633KeywordsHipLesionsOsteoporosis Issue Published: 1 September 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Endocarditis Caused by a Pasteurella-like Organism
Authors: Daniel N. Tucker, Irving J. Slotnick, Elizabeth O. King, Bayard Tynes, James Nicholson, Lamar Crevasse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

NUMEROUS bacterial species have been described as etiologic agents in endocarditis.1 This report is to implicate, as a previously unrecognized cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis, a closely related group of bacteria currently designated as group "II-D" by the Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Georgia. The strains involved are gram-negative pleomorphic bacteria that grow optimally in an elevated carbon dioxide atmosphere (Fig. 1). Isolation of the organisms in the 4 cases†† that make up this report occurred within a ten-month period and over a wide geographic area, suggesting that this organism is widespread and the cause of endocarditis in a small but . . .
Differences between Type I Autoimmune Inhibitors of Fibrin Stabilization in Two Patients with Severe Hemorrhagic Disorder
Authors: S. Lopaciuk, K. Bykowska, J. M. McDonagh, R. P. McDonagh, W. J. Yount, C. R. Fuller, L. Cooperstein, A. Gray, L. Lorand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Inhibitors of fibrin stabilization of apparently autoimmune origin, found in two severely bleeding unrelated patients (W. G. and G. A.), were compared with regard to their biological target specificities, potencies and immunological characteristics. Both interfered only with the activation of fibrin stabilizing factor (coagulation Factor XIII) and, while totally preventing the conversion of this zymogen to the functional transamidating enzyme, fibrinoligase (Factor XIII(a)), they showed very little inhibition toward the enzyme itself. Thus, according to the classification of Lorand concerning biological specificities, both can be characterized as Type I inhibitors of fibrin stabilization. Potencies of the two inhibitors were quite similar when measured in conjunction with the plasma zymogen, but they differed remarkably in tests with platelet Factor 13. The inhibitor of patient W. G. prevented the activation of the zymogen from platelets, but that of G. A. had no effect on the platelet factor. It may therefore be concluded that the inhibitor of W. G. is directed exclusively against the a subunit which is a common constituent of plasma as well as platelet factors. The inhibitor of G. A., however, must be targeted against determinants uniquely characteristic for the ab ensemble of the plasma zymogen including the b subunit. On the basis of this difference in target specificity, the inhibitor of W. G. is designated as Type I-1 and that of G. A. as Type I-2. The inhibitors of both patients were isolated as immunoglobulins, and neutralization tests revealed that the antibody of W. G. comprised mainly heavy chains of the IgG1 and light chains of the kappa class. The antibody of G. A. proved to be considerably more heterogeneous and contained IgG1 and IgG3 heavy chains as well as kappa- and lambda-light chains. The finding that the antibody of W. G. inhibited conversion of platelet Factor 13 and also its thrombinmodified form, but had no effect on the thrombin and Ca(2+)-activated factor, is an indication that antigenic determinants existing both on the native zymogen and on its hydrolytically modified form become buried in the Ca(2+)-dependent step of activation. This is clear evidence for the occurrence of a significant conformational change in the protein structure attendant to the process of unmasking of its enzymic activity.
Intensive chemotherapy does not benefit most older patients (age 70 years or older) with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hagop Kantarjian, Farhad Ravandi, Susan O'Brien, Jorge Cortes, Stefan Faderl, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Elias Jabbour, William Wierda, Tapan Kadia, Sherry Pierce, Jianqin Shan, Michael Keating, Emil J. Freireich
Journal: Blood (2010)
Nobel Prize Honors Immunity Researchers
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2613: Prostate cancer stem/initiating cells are targets of both innate and adaptive immunity and elicit potent immune responses against autochthonous prostate tumors.
Authors: Elena Jachetti, Stefania Mazzoleni, Matteo Grioni, Alessia Ricupito, Chiara Brambillasca, Luca Generoso, Arianna Calcinotto, Massimo Freschi, Anna Mondino, Rossella Galli, Matteo Bellone
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose. Objectives of this study were to investigate if prostate cancer stem/initiating cells (CSC) obtained from autochthonous tumors possess the molecular characteristics that allow their in vitro and in vivo recognition by cells of the innate and/or adaptive arms of the immune system, and if CSC are source of antigens for the induction of tumor-specific immune responses. Material and Methods. CSC lines established from the prostate of transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice were assessed in vitro for the expression of tumor-associated antigens and susceptibility to NK and T cell killing. We also investigated NK and T cells immune surveillance against CSC by measuring the frequency of CSC-induced tumors in immunocompetent and selectively immunodeficient mice. Finally, we assessed if vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with CSC induced a tumor-specific immune response able to delay the growth of both transplantable and autochthonous prostate tumors. Results. CSC expressed prostate cancer associated antigens, MHC I and MHC II molecules and ligands for natural killer (NK) cells. Indeed, CSC were targets of NK and cytotoxic T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with apoptotic CSC induced a tumor-specific immune response that delayed tumor growth in mice challenged with prostate CSC, and caused tumor regression in TRAMP mice. Conclusions. CSC are targets of both innate and adaptive immune responses and could be exploited for the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer. Citation Format: Elena Jachetti, Stefania Mazzoleni, Matteo Grioni, Alessia Ricupito, Chiara Brambillasca, Luca Generoso, Arianna Calcinotto, Massimo Freschi, Anna Mondino, Rossella Galli, Matteo Bellone. Prostate cancer stem/initiating cells are targets of both innate and adaptive immunity and elicit potent immune responses against autochthonous prostate tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2613. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2613
Effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-no donor (NO) on LPS-induced vascular hyporeactivity and expression of inducible no synthase (NOS II) in cirrhotic rats
Authors: P. Lefilliatre, P. Sogni, V. Bertrand, P. Del Soldato, D. Pateron, R. Moreau, D. Lebrec
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Children and toxic substances: confronting a major public health challenge.
Authors: M Schaefer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Despite early warnings of lead toxicity, until recently this metal was added to a variety of consumer and industrial products. Today, thousands of children in the United States, and probably tens of thousands more worldwide, are suffering the consequences of exposure to lead. The lead story looms as major public policy failure that will eventually cost billions of dollars to remedy. Little is known about the toxicological properties of the more than 70,000 chemicals in commerce. Consequently, it seems likely that other "leads" are finding their way into our food, water, and air. Inadequate testing of chemicals to which the public is exposed presents a serious public health risk, particularly to children whose nervous systems are still developing. The Federal government should expand toxicological testing programs for existing and new chemicals, requiring increased developmental toxicological, particularly neurotoxicological, testing of chemicals to which the public is significantly exposed. In keeping with the concept of full-cost pricing, the costs of these tests should be incurred by the manufacturer, not the government, and should be considered a routine cost of product development.
Prescribing bevacizumab off-label contravenes GMC advice
Authors: G. Kyle
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Jackson and Kirkpatrick recommend adopting cheaper bevacizumab over more expensive ranibizumab to treat wet age related macular degeneration.1 However, their cost projections “do not consider any potential differences in safety, medicolegal risk, treatment burden, or patient preference . . . .”

The medicolegal risks of such an adoption are considerable, not least for …
Comparison of cimetidine 800 mg once daily and 400 mg twice daily in acute duodenal ulceration.
Authors: L Capurso, P R Dal Monte, F Mazzeo, G Menardo, A Morettini, A Saggioro, G Tafner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A double blind trial was conducted in seven centres to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cimetidine 800 mg given at night compared with 400 mg given at breakfast and at bedtime. Altogether 197 patients with active duodenal ulcer confirmed by endoscopy entered the study, of whom 187 were eligible for analysis. After four weeks' treatment the ulcer was healed in 76 of 91 patients (84%) receiving the once daily regimen and in 65 of the 96 patients (68%) receiving the twice daily regimen (p less than 0.05). Both dosage regimens were equally effective in reducing ulcer pain and consumption of antacids. Pain relief was considerable within the first two weeks, and most of the patients were free of symptoms by the end of treatment. No patients were withdrawn because of adverse events as these were few and mild, consistent with the proved safety profile of cimetidine. Cimetidine 800 mg given at night is as effective as 400 mg twice daily; the single dose regimen may improve patient compliance, thus facilitating treatment.
Abstract B49: Molecular characterization of breast tumor-associated adipose
Authors: William C. Yarina, Lori A. Field, Brenda Deyarmin, Ryan van Laar, Jeffrey A. Hooke, Craig D. Shriver, Rachel E. Ellsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Long thought to function only as an inert energy storage depot, the role of adipose tissue in breast tumorigenesis has been largely ignored. In light of increasing rates of obesity and use of breast conserving therapy and autologous fat grafting, improved understanding of the role of adipose in tumor etiology is crucial. Methods: Adipose adjacent to and distant from invasive breast tumors (n=20), or adjacent to non-malignant diagnoses (n=20) was laser microdissected from post-menopausal women. Gene expression data were generated using microarrays and data analyzed to identify significant patterns of differential expression between adipose groups, at the individual gene and molecular pathway level. Results: Pathway analysis revealed significant differences in immune response between non-malignant, distant and tumor adjacent adipose, with the highest response in tumor-adjacent and lowest in non-malignant adipose. Adipose from invasive breasts exhibits increased expression in anti-inflammatory genes, such as MARCO and VSIG4, while genes differentially expressed between tumor-adjacent and distant adipose such as SPP1, RRM2 and MMP9, are associated with increased cellular proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Conclusions: Gene expression levels differ in breast adipose, depending on presence of or proximity to tumor cells. Heightened immunotolerance in adipose from invasive breasts provides a microenvironment favorable to tumorigenesis. In addition, tumor-adjacent adipose demonstrates expression of genes associated with tumor growth and progression. Together, these data suggest that adipose is not an inert component of the breast microenvironment but plays an active role in tumorigenesis. Citation Format: William C. Yarina, Lori A. Field, Brenda Deyarmin, Ryan van Laar, Jeffrey A. Hooke, Craig D. Shriver, Rachel E. Ellsworth. Molecular characterization of breast tumor-associated adipose. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B49. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B49
Abstract 4394: Salinomycin downregulates PDGFRβ and c-Myc in human medulloblastoma.
Authors: Erxi Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common childhood brain tumor and approximately one-third of patients with MB tumors remain incurable. In a goal of search for more effective therapeutic agents to treat MB, we tested the effects of salinomycin, an anti-coccidial drug showing inhibitory effects on breast cancer stem cells with more than 100-fold potency than paclitaxel, in MB cells in vitro. In this study, we first determined the cytotoxicities of salinomycin in MB cells in vitro using cell based assays and demonstrated that salinomycin inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell death and cell cycle arrest in MB cells. We then analyzed the effects of salinomycin on the expression of some key mediators involved in cell death and cell cycle progression and demonstrated that salinomycin up-regulates the expression of cyclin A and down-regulates the expression of Bcl-2 and p21 in MB cells. Finally, we examined the effects of salinomycin on the expression of PDGFRβ and c-Myc, two potential critical therapeutic targets in MB, and found that it suppresses the expression of c-Myc and PDGFRβ in MB cells. Our data suggest that salinomycin may be used as a novel therapeutic agent to treat patients with MB. Citation Format: Erxi Wu. Salinomycin downregulates PDGFRβ and c-Myc in human medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4394. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4394
Prognosis in obesity: Author's reply
Authors: M E J Lean
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Prognosis in obesity Older people should not be misinformed about being overweightEditor-With reference to the editorial by Lean on prognosis in obesity, 1 advising apparently overweight older people to lose weight may do more harm than good.Evidence suggests that the risks of being "overweight" decrease with increasing age.On the basis of mortality, the ideal body mass index (BMI) is higher in older than young adults, with an optimum BMI for people older than 65 in the young adult "overweight" range of 27-30 kg/m 2 . 2 In a systematic review, Heiat et al concluded that the relation between BMI and mortality in people older than 65 is a flat bottomed, Ushaped curve, with mortality rising only at BMI > 31 kg/m 2 and perhaps not at any BMI in people older than 75. 2 Weight loss is more common than weight gain in older people, and associated with poor outcomes, even when the weight loss is intentional and the person was "overweight" at baseline. [3]4][5] In the prospective cardiovascular health study of some 4700 community dwelling people older than 65, weight loss of more than 5% over three years was substantially more common than weight gain of more than 5%. 3 Weight loss, but not weight gain, was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality (relative risk 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 2.15). 3 The association of increased mortality with weight loss persisted even at the highest third of baseline weight. 3 In a study of older men with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , intentional weight loss was associated (P < 0.001) with a greater rate of hip bone loss ( -1.7%/year) than in men with no weight loss ( -0.1%/year) or weight gain (0.5%/year). 5 The indiscriminate application of evidence from studies in younger adults to the management of older people is hazardous.We believe that many older people are trying to lose weight inappropriately.There is a need to ensure that most of our elders are given appropriate advice: "Keep physically active, eat sensibly, and maintain weight."
Abstract 15385: Acute Intravenous Infusion of Bendavia (MTP-131), a Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Improves Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Dogs with Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Hani N Sabbah, Mengjun Wang, Kefei Zhang, Ramesh C Gupta, Sharad Rastogi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background:  Bendavia (MTP-131) is a novel mitochondria-targeting peptide that improves the efficiency of mitochondria electron transfer chain and improves mitochondria respiration and ATP synthesis. This study examined the acute effects of intravenous Bendavia on left ventricular (LV) systolic function in dogs with advanced heart failure (HF).   Methods:  Studies were performed in 12 anesthetized dogs with intracoronary microembolization-induced HF. Seven dogs, selected at random, received intravenous Bendavia at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg/hr for 2 hours and 5 dogs received a volume matched placebo control (normal saline) also administered over 2 hours. Hemodynamic and ventriculographic measurements were made at baseline, prior to drug administration, and at the end of 2 hours of drug or placebo infusion. Measurements included heart rate (HR), mean aortic pressure (mAoP), LV ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), LV peak +dP/dt and systemic vascular resistance (SVR).   Results:  Data are shown in the table (mean ± SEM). Compared to baseline, saline infusion over 2 hours had no effect on HR, mAoP, EF, ESV, SV, peak +dP/dt and SVR. Infusion of Bendavia also had no effect on HR, mAoP or SVR but significantly increased EF, SV, CO and +dP/dt.   Conclusions:  In dogs with advanced HF, acute intravenous administration of Bendavia improved LV systolic function without increasing heart rate or decreasing systemic pressure and SVR. The improvement of LV function is likely the result of improved cardiac energetics. The findings support the continued development of Bendavia for the treatment of patients with acute HF syndromes.