tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytokine-induced differentiation of multipotent adult progenitor cells into functional smooth muscle cells
Authors: Jeffrey J. Ross, Zhigang Hong, Ben Willenbring, Lepeng Zeng, Brett Isenberg, Eu Han Lee, Morayma Reyes, Susan A. Keirstead, E. Kenneth Weir, Robert T. Tranquillo, Catherine M. Verfaillie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Smooth muscle formation and function are critical in development and postnatal life. Hence, studies aimed at better understanding SMC differentiation are of great importance. Here, we report that multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) isolated from rat, murine, porcine, and human bone marrow demonstrate the potential to differentiate into cells with an SMC-like phenotype and function. TGF-β1 alone or combined with PDGF-BB in serum-free medium induces a temporally correct expression of transcripts and proteins consistent with smooth muscle development. Furthermore, SMCs derived from MAPCs (MAPC-SMCs) demonstrated functional L-type calcium channels. MAPC-SMCs entrapped in fibrin vascular molds became circumferentially aligned and generated force in response to KCl, the L-type channel opener FPL64176, or the SMC agonists 5-HT and ET-1, and exhibited complete relaxation in response to the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632. Cyclic distention (5% circumferential strain) for 3 weeks increased responses by 2- to 3-fold, consistent with what occurred in neonatal SMCs. These results provide evidence that MAPC-SMCs are phenotypically and functionally similar to neonatal SMCs and that the in vitro MAPC-SMC differentiation system may be an ideal model for the study of SMC development. Moreover, MAPC-SMCs may lend themselves to tissue engineering applications.
Notes on Health Resorts: X.--Egypt
Authors: F. M. Sandwith
Journal: BMJ (1892)

IOCT. 22, 18A2.the thirty cases of cholera treated in his hospital.In every case the source of infection had been traced to the water used for drinking.Fifteen cases were cured, and, of these, five had such slight symptoms that but for the bacteriological test they would never have been taken for cholera patients.On the other hand, many cases of cholera nostras observed by Guttmann were of an extremely severe type, with symptoms in every way resembling those of Asiatic cholera.Here, too, it was the bacteriological examination that fixed the diagnosis.Guttmann spoke favourably of subcutaneous injection of salt solution, which, though by no means a " cure " (Heilmittel), were useful in tiding over the dangerous stage.ofasphyxia.Salol and creolin had proved useless.Careful bacteriological examinations proved that recovered cases were free from bacilli between the fifth and tenth day.FRUIT AND THE CHOLERA BACILLI.The Imperial Cholera Commission has been carrying on ex- periments with a view to finding out how long cholera bacilli can live in fruit, vegetables, and various, drinks.They have found that, at ordinary temperature, the bacilli die in from one to two hours in the substance of fruit, the acidity of which is more than 2 per cent.(for instance, red and white currants).In Italian peaches, sour cherries, plums, apples, and some sorts of pears, they lived from three to six hours, whilst in apricots, strawberries, gooseberries, and greengages they lived for twenty to twenty-four hours, and for several days in sweet cherries, pears, some kinds of plums, and cucumbers.On the outside of fruit and cucumber cholera bacilli live much longer, and, if the surface be damp, they will live as long as from five to seven days on currants, cherries, etc., unless ex- posed to direct sunlight, when they die in a few hours.Wine -claret or hock-was found to kill the bacilli in a few minutes, and cold infusions of tea and coffee, beer, and boiled milk iri periods varying from one hour (for tea) to several days.On salt and smoked herring the bacilli lived almost twenty-four hours, and on fresh fish almost two days.THE RHINE.Examination stations have been established for the Rhine waterways at Mannheim, Ludwigshafen, and Mayence, and also at various places in the Oder district.OLD CLOTHES.
A Spanish version of the skin cancer index: a questionnaire for measuring quality of life in patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: M. de Troya-Martín, F. Rivas-Ruiz, N. Blázquez-Sánchez, I. Fernández-Canedo, M. Aguilar-Bernier, J.B. Repiso-Jiménez, J.C. Toribio-Montero, M. Jones-Caballero, J. Rhee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The Skin Cancer Index (SCI) is the first specific patient-reported outcome measure for patients with cervicofacial nonmelanoma skin cancer. To date, only the original English version has been published.To develop a Spanish version of the SCI that is semantically and linguistically equivalent to the original, and to evaluate its measurement properties in this different cultural environment.A cross-sectional study was conducted of the cultural adaptation and empirical validation of the questionnaire, analysing the psychometric properties of the new index at different stages.Of 440 patients recruited to the study, 431 (95%) completed the Spanish version of the SCI questionnaire, in a mean time of 6·3 min (SD 2·9). Factor analysis of the scale revealed commonality and loading values of < 0·5 for three of the 15 items. The remaining 12 items converged into two components: appearance/social aspects (seven items) and emotional aspects (five items). Both domains presented a high level of internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values above 0·8. The convergent-discriminant validity analysis produced correlations higher than 0·3 for the mental component of the Short Form Health Survey-12v2 Health Questionnaire (correlation coefficient 0·39) and the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (correlation coefficient -0·30). In the test-retest, nine of the 12 items produced a weighted kappa value exceeding 0·4, and for the remaining three items, the absolute agreement percentage exceeded 60%.The Spanish version of the SCI quality of life scale has been satisfactorily adapted and validated for use in Spanish-speaking countries and populations.
Computer aided teaching packages.
Authors: F T de Dombal, V Dallos, W A McAdam
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To investigate the relationship of temporal lobe hypometabolism demonstrated on PET to surgical outcome and underlying pathology, we reviewed 30 consecutive epilepsy patients who underwent interictal PET studies with <sup>18</sup>F fluorodeoxyglucose before temporal lobectomy. Two interpreters blindly reviewed the PET studies and graded them for degree, extent, and location of temporal lobe hypometabolism. Pathologic analysis of en bloc resected tissue showed mesial temporal sclerosis (n = 22), astrocytoma (n = 2), and no pathologic diagnosis (n = 6). Outcome (24 to 40 months9 follow-up) was rated as seizure-free (21 patients), significantly improved (five patients), and not significantly improved (four patients). Both the degree and extent of the temporal lobe hypometabolism demonstrated on PET were strongly associated with subsequent seizure control. Pathologic findings, however, did not correlate with degree of PET hypometabolism or subsequent outcome. These data demonstrate that in patients judged to have temporal lobe epilepsy, the presence of temporal lobe hypometabolism is associated with a positive outcome after ipsilateral temporal lobectomy.
SIROLIMUS ELUTING STENT IS SUPERIOR TO PACLITAXEL ELUTING STENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
Authors: Soe Hee Ann, Chan Joon Kim, Soo Yeon Jung, Tae Hoon Kim, Suk Min Seo, Mahn Won Park, Yun Seok Choi, Chan Seok Park, Hun Jun Park, Chul Soo Park, Keon Yoong Moon, Kiyuk Chang, Hee Yeol Kim, Ki Dong Yoo, Wook Sung Chung, Ki-Bae Seung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Resident by Moonlight: A Misguided Missile
Authors: James Robert Wendt
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Physicians in training frequently work long hours with little sleep. After being on call, many residents drive home, creating a hazard for themselves and others on the road. Of seven surgical residents in our hospitals who we interviewed, six fell asleep while driving to or from work during their internships and three were involved in motor vehicle accidents. Residents at different levels of training in the surgical program also reported falling asleep while driving home after work. In a recent Letter from Brick and Brick,<sup>1</sup>a case was reported of a busy moonlighting house officer who developed an air embolus when trying to drive while simultaneously administering intravenous fluids to himself. This case, as well as the episodes we report here, argue against allowing moonlighting by house staff for their own safety as well as that of others. This occupational hazard may be minimized in a
Immunohistochemical study of the human glomerular C3b receptor in normal kidney and in seventy-five cases of renal diseases: loss of C3b receptor antigen in focal hyalinosis and in proliferative nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: M D Kazatchkine, D T Fearon, M D Appay, C Mandet, J Bariety
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The presence and distribution of C3b receptors in normal human kidneys and in biopsies from 75 patients with renal disease were investigated by immunohistochemical techniques using monospecific rabbit antibody to the 205,000-mol wt glycoprotein that is the C3b receptor of human peripheral blood cells. Anti-C3b receptor bound exclusively to podocytes in normal renal cortex, and was homogeneously distributed on the plasma membrane of these cells. Biosynthesis of the receptor by the podocyte was suggested by the presence of antigenic activity in the Golgi apparatus. Although occupancy of receptor sites following the interaction of kidney sections with aggregated IgG preincubated with normal serum inhibited binding to glomeruli of C3b coated cells, the C3b receptor remained accessible to anti-C3b receptor antibody. No staining of podocytes was found in extra-capillary proliferating cells in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (GN). Segmental loss of staining was found in focal hyalinosis, nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis, and amyloidosis while no detectable C3b receptor antigen was found in severe proliferative nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Normal staining of podocytes was found in other nephropathies with endocapillary proliferation such as acute GN and mesangial GN and in renal diseases associated with immune deposits containing C3 such as mesangial proliferative and membranous SLE nephritis, idiopathic membranous GN, membranoproliferative GN types I and II, mesangial GN with IgA or C3 deposition and Henoch Schönlein's purpura. Loss of C3b receptor antigen in the diffuse proliferative nephritis of SLE distinguishes it both from nonproliferative lupus nephritis and other immunologically mediated proliferative GN.
Osteomyelitis Caused by β-Hemolytic Streptococcus Group B
Authors: Thomas McGuire
Journal: JAMA (1977)

BOVINE mastitis caused by<i>Streptococcus</i>was recognized long before βhemolytic<i>Streptococcus</i>group B (GBS) was characterized. It was initially termed "<i>S agalactiae</i>" or "<i>S mastitidis</i>" and was believed not to be a human pathogen. Subsequent studies demonstrated that GBS could produce serious infections in postpartum women. During the last decade, GBS has been recognized as causing neonatal sepsis and meningitis, but only recently have adult infections achieved wide recognition.<sup>1</sup>In adults, bacterial endocarditis, septicemia, pneumonia, empyema, peritonitis, meningitis, urinary tract infections, cellulitis, wound infections, and suppurative arthritis have been reported. However, osteomyelitis caused by GBS has only been reported in five neonates<sup>2-4</sup>and there has been one possible adult case.<sup>5</sup> We report the cases of two adult men who had osteomyelitis caused by GBS. One patient had osteomyelitis of the toe associated with diabetes mellitus, and the second patient had frontal sinusitis that resulted in frontal osteomyelitis
The Dying Experience
Authors: Nina Ainslie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 August 1997The Dying ExperienceNina Ainslie, MDNina Ainslie, MDKansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Kansas City, MO 64128Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-3-199708010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Lynn and colleagues [1] present, but do not discuss in depth, a paradox that I believe partially explains the failure of the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment (SUPPORT) [2]. Most patients in this study stated that they preferred comfort care, but 56% of patients received aggressive life-prolonging care in the last few days of life. nevertheless, in only 10% of cases did surrogates report that care was at odds with patient preference. The other 90% of patients wanted the care they received. This discrepancy suggests that in principle, people ...References1. Lynn J. Teno JM, Phillips RS, Wu AW, Desbiens N, Harrold J, et al. Perceptions by family members of the dying experience of older and seriously ill patients. Ann Intern Med. 1997:126:97-106. Google Scholar2. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalized patients. The study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatment (SUPPORT). The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. JAMA. 1995; 274:1591-8. Google Scholar3. Knaus WA, Harrell FE, Lynn J, Goldman L, Phillips RS, Connors AF, et al. The SUPPORT prognostic model. Objective estimates of survival for seriously ill hospitalized adults. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:191-203. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Kansas City, MO 64128 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByWhen do we stop, and how do we do it? medical futility and withdrawal of careEnd-of-life care in the intensive care unit: Where are we now?Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit: Part II 1 August 1997Volume 127, Issue 3Page: 242KeywordsPalliative carePatients Issue Published: 1 August 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Affibody modified and radiolabeled gold–Iron oxide hetero-nanostructures for tumor PET, optical and MR imaging
Authors: Meng Yang, Kai Cheng, Shibo Qi, Hongguang Liu, Yuxin Jiang, Han Jiang, Jinbo Li, Kai Chen, Huimao Zhang, Zhen Cheng
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Compulsory registration of clinical trials
Authors: A.D. Ormerod, H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The International Committee of medical journal editors (ICMJE) is a group of the editors of the world's leading medical journals whose participants meet annually to improve standards for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. In September 2004 the ICMJE adopted the bold stance that by July 2005 all clinical trials beginning enrolment must be registered in a public register in order to be eligible for submission to the 11 leading medical journals.1 Like many other journals that have followed suit, the British Journal of Dermatology supports this principle of prospective registration of trials. Although the case for prospective registration has long been argued, voluntary schemes have only met with limited success in the past.2 The incentive stems from the problems of the selective publication of positive studies by industry, clinicians, and journals. Patients participate in clinical trials on a basis of altruism and trust. When certain trials show an inferior effect or are inconclusive the excitement of the researcher, sponsor and publisher is diminished; such trials may never be published in the public domain. Other trials posing a similar research question that show a worthwhile effect are promoted and may be more attractive to publishers. The overview of the treatment in question therefore becomes biased in favour of a positive effect. Compulsory trial registration is therefore needed in order to ensure that those undertaking overviews have access to all relevant trials, whether positive, negative or inconclusive.
Plasma hypoxanthine levels in ARDS: implications for oxidative stress, morbidity, and mortality.
Authors: G J Quinlan, N J Lamb, R Tilley, T W Evans, J M Gutteridge
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults (ARDS) carries a high mortality. Patients with ARDS experience severe oxidative stress from neutrophil activation, and from treatment with high inspired oxygen concentrations (F(I)O2). Oxidative stress arises from an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which overwhelm existing antioxidant defenses. Patients who do not survive ARDS sustain much greater levels of oxidative molecular damage, suggesting that they are less able to protect themselves against increased oxidative stress. We measured plasma levels of pro-oxidant substrates for xanthine oxidase, namely hypoxanthine and xanthine, and correlated them with the loss of plasma protein thiol groups. All patients with ARDS had higher levels of hypoxanthine (37.48 +/- 3.1 microM in nonsurvivors, 15.24 +/- 2.09 microM in survivors) compared with patients undergoing pulmonary resection (9.22 +/- 1.89 microM), patients in intensive care with sepsis but no lung injury (1.12 +/- 0.69 microM) and normal healthy control subjects (1.43 +/- 0.38 microM). The difference in plasma hypoxanthine levels between survivors and nonsurvivors of ARDS was highly significant (p < 0.001) and showed a negative correlation with loss of protein thiol groups. Xanthine levels were also higher in patients with ARDS but were not significantly different between ARDS survivors and nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors of ARDS appear to experience higher levels of oxidative stress and damage than do survivors.
Spironolactone and risk of upper gastrointestinal events: Spironolactone may not be guilty
Authors: Eugene Campbell, Anthony Shonde, Stephen Foley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Where next for China?Rising inequalities in health and wealth are biggest challenge Editor-I write with reference to the editorial by Liu. 1 Life expectancy in China doubled from 35 to 71 years between 1949 and 2001. 2 China's human development index has been rising steadily, and it ranked 85th among countries with an index of 0.755 in 2003. 2According to China's human development report, the national Gini coefficient for income distribution rose to 0.45 in 2002 from 0.3 in 1982. 2 The average income of the highest income tenth is 11 times that of the lowest tenth? 2Disparities in health indicators between urban and rural areas are widening.Life expectancy is 75.2 years for urban residents and 69.6 for rural residents. 2The human development index is 0.816 in urban areas and 0.685 in rural areas.Rural infant mortality at 34% and maternal mortality at 61.9 per 100 000 births are nearly double that in urban areas (14% and 33.1/100 000, respectively).Rural areas have only 2.4 medical personnel per 1000 residents, compared with 5.2 per 1000 residents in urban areas.Regional disparities are widespread, with the western regions faring the worst.Life expectancy for rural residents is less than 65 in Tibet, Yunnan, and Guizhou.Maternal mortality is also highest in the western regions.Tibet ranked lowest in terms of life expectancy (65.81 years), literacy (47%), and human development index (0.562). 2 The region has the lowest number of doctors and hospital beds in China.Only 15% of the entire population of China can afford medical insurance. 2Only 2% of rural migrant workers currently have unemployment insurance. 2Coercive public health policies include forced abortions. 3hina's ambitious aim of building a society in which people are not rich but have adequate food, clothing, and basic necessities for a decent life 2 will require addressing these widening disparities, prioritising health opportunities for all, and acknowledging the inherent, instrumental and constructive 4 roles of freedom in achieving these goals.
Stroke prevention opportunities are being lost, study shows
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Major opportunities are being missed for the prevention of stroke, and services need reorganising to prevent unnecessary deaths, according to the largest audit of stroke prevention carried out in the United Kingdom.

Six months after their stroke a high proportion of patients were without appropriate treatment or had risk factors that were uncontrolled, say the authors of a study in Age and Ageing (2004;33:280-6).

“Major deficiencies in delivery of secondary prevention after stroke have been demonstrated. Services need reorganisation to prevent unnecessary mortality and morbidity in this group of patients. It …
A Case of Fever, with Cerebro-Spinal Arachnitis
Authors: J. W. Trotter
Journal: BMJ (1867)

bulky part of the feetal body; there need be no difficulty in detecting it, however, (I) by the sudden appearance of an abilominal tumour elevated above, and having a smaller segmental rotundity than the general uterine tumefaction; (2) by intense cutting pain in the situation of the newly fonned tumour, and its exquisite tenerness under pressure of the hand; (3) by the notable diminution in volume of pulse, and signs of sinking.It seems to be othenvise, however, as regards the foetus in idero, when the mental system of the mother becomes unbalanced by violent and sudden shocks of anguish or by prolonged and severe anxiety, attended with waste of physical power.The subject of the present case had assiduously and pertinaciously nursed an only child, twenty months old, through a severe attack of acute disease, which lasted nearly three weeks.When, at the end of this period, a favourable change in the child's condition took place, and the mother became convinced that all danger as to his safety was at an end, she fell prostrate, utterly sulxlued, and almost unable to move; an(d while she was in this state, the attack of intrauterine convulsions occurred, as already related.
Correlates of aldosterone-induced increases in Cai2+ and Isc suggest that Cai2+ is the second messenger for stimulation of apical membrane conductance.
Authors: D Petzel, M B Ganz, E J Nestler, J J Lewis, J Goldenring, F Akcicek, J P Hayslett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Studies were performed on monolayers of cultured A6 cells, grown on permeable filters, to determine the second messenger system involved in the aldosterone-induced increase in electrogenic sodium transport. Addition of aldosterone (1 microM) to the solution bathing the basal surface of cells caused both an increase in Isc and threefold transient rise in intracellular calcium Cai2+ after a delay of approximately 60 min. Because both events were inhibited by actinomycin D and cyclohexamide, they appeared to require transcriptional and translational processes. Addition of BAPTA to the bathing media to chelate Cai2+ reduced Isc and the delayed Cai2+ transient; 50 microM BAPTA inhibited Isc and the rise in Cai2+ by greater than 80%. Further studies suggested that the action of aldosterone to increase Isc may be dependent on a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, because W-7 and trifluoperazine reduced the aldosterone-induced Isc in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these observations suggest that calcium is a second messenger for the action of aldosterone on sodium transport, and suggest, for the first time, that agonists which bind to intracellular receptors can utilize, via delayed processes dependent on de novo transcription and translation, intracellular second messenger systems to regulate target cell function.