tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A role for coagulation factor Xa in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Martina Delbeck, Katrin F. Nickel, Elisabeth Perzborn, Peter Ellinghaus, Julia Strassburger, Raimund Kast, Volker Laux, Stefan Schäfer, Ralph T. Schermuly, Georges von Degenfeld
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the therapeutic benefit of anticoagulation has not yet been demonstrated experimentally or clinically. Here, rivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, was compared with warfarin and enoxaparin in the prevention of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and hypertrophy in the monocrotaline (MCT) model of pulmonary hypertension.Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10 per group) were randomized to receive rivaroxaban, warfarin, enoxaparin, or placebo before receiving a subcutaneous injection of MCT 60 mg/kg or saline. Rivaroxaban and enoxaparin were administered for 28 days starting 4 h before MCT injection; warfarin was given for 35 days initiated 7 days before MCT injection. RV haemodynamics and hypertrophy were assessed 28 days after MCT administration. Rivaroxaban dose-dependently reduced systolic and end-diastolic RV pressure increase and RV hypertrophy. Warfarin reduced RV pressure increase only. Enoxaparin had no effect on either parameter. Severe bleeding occurred in four and five rats treated with warfarin and enoxaparin, respectively, whereas no overt bleeding was observed in rats treated with rivaroxaban.Selective, direct inhibition of FXa by rivaroxaban effectively prevented RV dysfunction and hypertrophy in MCT-injected rats, indicating a role for coagulation factors in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Clinical investigation of the impact of early and continued administration of a specific FXa inhibitor such as rivaroxaban on the course of PAH should be considered.
Comparison of terbutaline and placebo from a pressurised metered dose inhaler and a dry powder inhaler in a subgroup of patients with asthma.
Authors: O Selroos, A B Lofroos, A Pietinalho, H Riska
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Reversibility after administration of an inhaled bronchodilator is not always demonstrable in patients with asthma. Bronchodilator aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction has also been reported to occur in some patients. METHODS--Fifteen selected patients showing &lt; 10% improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) when tested with four doses of salbutamol (0.1 mg/dose) or terbutaline (0.25 mg/dose) from a pressurised metered dose inhaler (MDI) participated in two randomised, double blind studies. They received 2.0 mg terbutaline (4 x 2 doses of 0.25 mg) or a corresponding placebo from an MDI connected to a 750 ml spacer, and 1.0 mg (2 x 0.5 mg) terbutaline or placebo from a multidose dry powder inhaler free of additives (Turbohaler). RESULTS--Inhalation of placebo MDI resulted in a mean (SD) decrease in FEV1 of 20.5 (14.1)% (range -42.9% to +2.6%). In 14 patients inhalation of 2.0 mg terbutaline MDI with spacer resulted in &lt; 10% improvement (mean increase 3.1 (6.0)%). One mg of terbutaline via a Turbohaler resulted in improvements in FEV1 of &gt; 15% in eight patients (mean increase 16.0 (9.7)%). The improvement was &lt; 10% in four patients. Use of placebo Turbohaler did not affect airway calibre (mean change 0.2 (2.9)%). CONCLUSIONS--Additives of MDIs may cause bronchoconstriction in some patients with asthma. In these patients inhalation from a pressurised metered dose inhaler is more likely to decrease the bronchodilator response than inhalation from an additive-free inhaler. The frequency of this phenomenon is unknown.
Skinned cardiac fibres of diabetic rats: contractile activation and effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) and caffeine
Authors: N. Khandoudi, A. C. Guo, M. Chesnais, D. Feuvray
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to examine contractile properties of skinned cardiac fibres from rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes and to compare the effects of two agents, caffeine and 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), on myocardial contractile characteristics of normal and diabetic cardiac fibres. Methods: Small fibre bundles dissected from papillary muscles of the left ventricle were chemically skinned by exposure to Triton X-100. The tension–pCa (pCa = −log10, [Ca2+]) relationships were determined under isometric conditions. Results: In skinned fibres from diabetic rats maximum Ca2+ activated force was unchanged in comparison with normal rats, but a significant, though small, increase in the Ca2+ sensitivity [pCa for one half maximal activation (pCa50)] of contraction was shown. Caffeine (5-20 mM) increased Ca2+ sensitivity in a dose dependent manner and to the same extent in the two groups of preparations. Up to 10 mM caffeine, maximum force was not affected. On the other hand, BDM (2 and 5 mM) decreased Ca2+ sensitivity in both normal and diabetic fibres, but the rightward shift of the tension–pCa relationship induced by BDM was more pronounced in diabetic than in normal fibres: pCa50 was 5.55(SEM 0.02), 5.51(0.01), and 5.46(0.01) in normal fibres, and 5.62(0.01), 5.51(0.02), and 5.45(0.02) in diabetic fibres for 0, 2, and 5 mM BDM, respectively. Maximum tension was similarly decreased by BDM in the two groups of fibres. Conclusions: (1) No change is induced by diabetes in the site of action of caffeine; (2) some drugs that affect myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, such as BDM, may act differently in diabetic and control myocardium. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:447-452
DEFORMITY OF THE THORAX SECONDARY TO PLEURAL OR PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: CARL A. HEDBLOM
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The thoracic wall is part of the respiratory mechanism. Deformity of its bony framework lessens its mobility and so the respiratory capacity. Atelectasis or compression of the lung also lessens respiratory capacity and increases the cardiac load particularly of the right side of the heart. Deformity of the thoracic cage follows a marked grade of scoliosis or kyphosis from any cause. This presentation is limited to that type of thoracic deformity which is secondary to disease of the pleura or lungs. Such thoracic deformity may or may not involve the spine. When a marked grade of secondary deformity of the spine does develop it may produce marked increased deformity of the ribs and other bony structures. The diseases of the pleurae or lungs which produce thoracic deformities are chiefly the chronic inflammatory processes which result in extensive scar tissue contraction. The type of change in the bony framework varies, it
A CASE OF BILATERAL MOTOR APRAXIA WITH DISTURBANCE OF VISUAL ORIENTATION
Authors: S. Smith, G. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1916)

IThas beea only within the last feW years that the umotor disturbance known as "apraxia " h&s claimed much atten- tion, o1 been fully 'ivestigated, and 'even yet very few well-markel instat669of cendition have been described in English literature.In fact; it is 'mainly tlhrough the careful summary oftheworkof Continental authors, pub- lished seven years ago by Dr.S&A.K.
O26 NAFLD IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF EARLY CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS: RESULTS FROM A LARGE TRANSVERSAL STUDY AND LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP VALIDATION COHORT
Authors: R. Pais, P. Giral, H. Perazzo, J.F. Khan, P. Lebray, D. Rosenbaum, M. Munteanu, T. Poynard, V. Ratziu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Spraying<i>n</i>-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) might be a simple and final technique for bleeding gastrointestinal lesions
Authors: T. Shida, S. Takano, M. Miyazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Histoacryl (n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) is widely used for the management of bleeding gastric varices. Histoacryl is usually injected with lipiodol straight into the varices. This method has been shown to be more effective and safer than band ligation [1]. Furthermore, there are some reports that show the efficacy of this method for the management of peptic ulcer hemorrhage when conventional endoscopic hemostatic treatment has failed [2] [3]. In these reports, Histoacryl is injected directly into the point of bleeding. However, injection of Histoacryl to the vessels may lead to severe complications due to embolization [4] [5].
Endoscopic treatment of intraluminal duodenal (“windsock”) diverticulum: varying techniques from five cases
Authors: R. Law, M. Topazian, T. Baron
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The optimal endoscopic approach to intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (IDD) has not been established. We report on our experience of endoscopic resection of symptomatic IDD in five patients (three men, two women; mean age 37 years) who were treated between August 2004 and April 2012. Four patients underwent endoscopic diverticulectomy using a standard polypectomy snare. Following diverticulectomy, the remaining duodenal septum was incised using a needle-knife in two patients. The fifth patient underwent endoscopic diverticulotomy using a needle-knife. In four cases the IDD was resected and reviewed histologically and demonstrated substantial vascularity. All patients developed clinically significant, post-procedural bleeding, which was managed endoscopically. Endoscopic management of symptomatic IDD can be achieved using various approaches. Post-procedural bleeding appears to be a common adverse event, but this complication can be managed endoscopically.
AID IN HEARING
Authors: Garry R. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —A few days ago a patient came into my office to consult me. She gave a history of deafness for the last nine years following discharging ears, the result of sea bathing. She had an ingenious way of using bone conduction for hearing which she said that she had learned from a countryman peddling canes two years ago. By placing one end of a wooden cane firmly between her teeth and the other end under the lower jaw of the person with whom she wished to speak, she could hear everything spoken even when a low voice was used. I have tried it on a number of my friends after plugging the external auditory canal, and I find that it works the same. I have never seen this method used, nor have I ever read of it, although it seems obvious now that it is called to
777 ROLE OF RAPAMYCIN AS MTOR INHIBITOR IN VITRO AND ITS USE IN THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: J.A. Del Campo, A. Bonnel, M. Cuaresma, O. Shaked, M. García-Valdecasas, K. Rajender Reddy, M. Romero Gómez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes
Authors: Harry F. Klinefelter
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the Questions and Answers section ofThe Journal, Dec. 10, 1960, page 2001, there is a discussion of diabetic screening. This brings up the general problem of when it is advisable to check blood sugar levels in outpatients. During the years that I have been in practice, I have found it of great value<i>not</i>to check fasting specimens, but to check the blood sugar level after the patient has eaten. In this way, one can often pick up early diabetes which would be missed if only a fasting blood sugar level were obtained. In the regulation of diabetics, it is much better for blood sugar levels to be determined before lunch or before dinner rather than during fasting; blood sugar levels at the former times give the physician a much better idea of the patient's true regulation. The glucose tolerance test is rarely necessary to
CHANGES IN THYROIDAL FUNCTION DURING ADAPTATION TO LARGE DOSES OF IODIDE*
Authors: Lewis E. Braverman, Sidney H. Ingbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Studies were conducted to determine the mechanism whereby the acute inhibitory effect of large doses of iodide on the organic binding of thyroidal iodide (Wolff-Chaikoff effect) is overcome during prolonged iodide administration (adaptation or escape phenomenon). Thyroids of control rats and of rats adapted to iodide in vivo were freed of inorganic iodide by in vivo administration of thiocyanate and in vitro leaching, and were then incubated in media containing inorganic I/sup 131/ of widely varying specific activity. In vitro, when exposed to low concentrations of extracellular iodide, thyroids of control animals accumulated and organically bound more iodine than did adapted glands. As the extracellular iodide concentration was increased, the total iodine accumulation in control thyroids increased; however, the quantity of iodine bound organically ultimately declined. At this point, ratios of labeled mono- to diiodotyrosine rose. Thus, a Wolff-Chaikoff effect was induced in vitro in control glands. In adapted thyroids, far less iodine entered the thyroid, but especially at higher concentrations of extracellular iodide, the percentage of accumulated iodide bound organically did not decline so rapidly as in controls. As a result, total organic binding rose progressively and, at high iodide concentrations in the medium, exceeded that in control glands.more » Mono- to diiodotyrosine ratios did not increase. Thus, escape from the inhlbitory effects of iodide was evident in vitro in adapted thyroids. At each concentration of extracellular iodide, far less inorganic iodide was found in adapted than in control glands, and the concentration of thyroidal iodide achieved by adapted thyroids at the highest medium iodide concentratl ons used was far less than that sufficient to induce the Wolff-Chaikoff effect in control glands. In the presence of blocking concentrations of methimazole, the iodidetransport capacity of adapted thyroids was far lower than that of control glands. Qualitatively similar data were obtained in studies of the thyroids of control and adapted hypophysectomized rats. Administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone to adapted rats did not alter their in vitro iodine metabolism, or their ability to resist the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of extracellular iodide. These data suggest that adaptation to the inhibitory effects of large doses of iodide occurs through an intrinsic thyroidal mechanism that reduces the thyroidal iodidetransport capacity and thereby allows intrathyroidal iodide to decline to concentrations insufficient to sustain the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. (auth)« less
Inositol Polyphosphate 4-Phosphatase B as a Regulator of Bone Mass in Mice and Humans
Authors: Mathieu Ferron, Maya Boudiffa, Michel Arsenault, Mohamed Rached, Monica Pata, Sylvie Giroux, Latifa Elfassihi, Marina Kisseleva, Philip W. Majerus, François Rousseau, Jean Vacher
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Commentary: Changing the culture of out of hours care
Authors: L. Hallam
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The Department of Health and the GMSC have breathed collective, but possibly premature, sighs of relief following the settlement reached on out of hours care. The agreed package of structural and financial measures provides the opportunity for major changes in the way in which general practitioner services are delivered out of hours. However, the extent to which the potential for change is realised depends on a broad range of factors which either did not or could not form part of the negotiating agenda. Court and colleagues' findings on factors influencing decisions to visit out of hours are an example of the latter and should be considered in the light of the settlement that was agreed.

The rewording of clause 13 of general practitioners' terms and conditions of service1 has reinforced general practitioners' right to determine whether …
Bill to regulate some OTC drugs fails
Authors: May Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A bill slated to keep certain drugs under the pharmacist's jurisdiction, even after their status is changed from prescription to over-the-counter (OTC) by the Food and Drug Administration, was recently defeated in the California legislature. Senate Bill 1045, passed by the Senate but stopped in the Health Committee of the Assembly, was introduced at the request of the California Pharmacists Association by Senator John Garamendi of the 13th District. It provided that "whenever a prescription drug is authorized to be sold without a prescription by the federal government or any federal agency, such drug shall be sold in this state only by a pharmacist for a period of one year and would require such pharmacist to continue giving any information relating to harmful effects of the drug. The bill would require the Board of Pharmacy to make a determination, effective for three years, as to whether such drug should be
Human hair greying is linked to a specific depletion of hair follicle melanocytes affecting both the bulb and the outer root sheath
Authors: S. Commo, O. Gaillard, B.A. Bernard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Although hair greying is a very common phenomenon characterized by loss of pigment in the hair shaft, the events that cause and control natural hair whitening with age in humans are still unclear.To decipher the origin of natural hair whitening.Human hair melanocytes were immunohistochemically characterized at different stages of whitening.Loss of hair shaft melanin was found to be associated with a decrease in both bulb melanin content and bulb melanocyte population. Although few melanocytes were present in the bulbs of grey hair, they still expressed tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, synthesized and transferred melanins to cortical keratinocytes as seen by the presence of melanin granules. In white hair bulbs, no melanocytes could be detected either with pMel-17 or vimentin labelling. Pigmented hair follicles are known to contain inactive melanocytes in the outer root sheath (ORS), and grey and white hairs were also found to contain some of these quiescent melanocytes. However, their population was decreased compared with pigmented hair follicles, ranging from small to nil. This depletion of melanocytes in the different areas of white hairs was detected throughout the hair cycle, namely at telogen and early anagen stages. In contrast, the infundibulum and sebaceous gland of both pigmented and white hairs showed a similar distribution of melanocytes. Furthermore, other distinct cell populations located in the ORS, namely putative stem cells, Merkel cells and Langerhans cells were equivalently identified in pigmented and white hairs.Thus, hair greying appears to be a consequence of an overall and specific depletion of bulb and ORS melanocytes of human hair.
Sugar and Amino Acid Transport by Cells in Culture — Differences between Normal and Malignant Cells
Authors: Daniel Deykin, Christine Balko, Kurt J. Isselbacher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IN the last few years, studies of malignant cells have provided increasing evidence that there are important alterations in the structure and function of the malignant cell-surface membranes. Most of these investigations have been carried out on cells in culture and have compared the behavior of normal cells with those transformed into a malignant state by DNA or RNA viruses. Some of the phenomena reflecting alterations in the cell surfaces of malignant cells are as follows: loss of contact inhibition of movement and density-dependent inhibition of growth; decreased cell adhesiveness; appearance of tumor-specific antigens; "uncovering" of cryptic carbohydrate hapten sites; . . .
Industrial exposure to hydrogen cyanide: implications for treatment.
Authors: N R Peden, A Taha, P D McSorley, G T Bryden, I B Murdoch, J M Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Industrial exposure to hydrogen cyanide: implications for treatment We had the opportunity of studying nine patients exposed to hydrogen cyanide in a single incident at an industrial plant and three other patients exposed in separate incidents.We believe that our observations have important implications for treatment of such patients.
Deficiency of the Mouse Complement Regulatory Protein mCd59b Results in Spontaneous Hemolytic Anemia with Platelet Activation and Progressive Male Infertility
Authors: Xuebin Qin, Nicole Krumrei, Luciano Grubissich, Martin Dobarro, Huseyin Aktas, Graciela Perez, Jose A Halperin
Journal: Immunity (2003)
The potential of various lipopolysaccharides to release monocyte chemotactic activity from lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts
Authors: S. Koyama, E. Sato, H. Nomura, K. Kubo, M. Miura, T. Yamashita, S Nagai, T Izumi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Although the cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i.e. Limulus amoebocyte lysate activity, is less potent than that from Escherichia coli 0127:B8, P. aeruginosa induces prominent sustained lung inflammation, as in cystic fibrosis. The present study was designed to examine the potential for several LPSs obtained from E. coli and P. aeruginosa to release monocyte chemotactic activity (MCA) from lung cells. LPSs differentially stimulated A549 cells, BEAS-2B cells and lung fibroblasts to release MCA (P. aeruginosa &gt;E. coli 0127:B8 from Difco &gt;055:B5 from Sigma &gt;026:B6 (Sigma)). E. coli 0127:B8 (Sigma) and 0111:B4 (Sigma) did not stimulate these cells. MCA was determined by means of checkerboard analysis. Molecular sieve column chromatography revealed four chemotactic peaks. The release of MCA was inhibited by cycloheximide and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Experiments with blocking antibodies suggested that much of the MCA was secondary to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Thus, the concentrations of these chemoattractants were examined and it was found that the potency of the various LPSs to stimulate MCA closely paralleled their potency in releasing MCP-1 and GM-GSF. Serum augmented the release of MCP-1 and GM-CSF. However, the differences among LPSs from E. coli and P. aeruginosa in stimulating A549 cells were observed. These data suggest that Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide may stimulate lung cells to release more monocyte chemotactic activity than lipopolysaccharides derived from Escherichia coli, leading to sustained prominent lung inflammation.
371 HAPS HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) CAPSID INHIBITORS AFFECT CORE PROTEIN INTERACTION WITH THE MINICHROMOSOME AND TARGET cccDNA FUNCTION
Authors: L. Belloni, L. Li, G.A. Palumbo, S.R. Chirapu, L. Calvo, M. Finn, A. Zlotnick, M. Levrero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abuse of Alcoholism Research Funds
Authors: WILLIAM G. CHAFFEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1978Abuse of Alcoholism Research FundsWILLIAM G. CHAFFEE, M.D.WILLIAM G. CHAFFEE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-3-434_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: After reading the article by Kaunitz and Lindenbaum, "The Bioavailability of Folic Acid Added to Wine" (Ann Intern Med 87:542-545 1977), I can understand the criticism of medical research from certain segments of our government a ad the public. I noted that this study was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.The motive for doing such a study escapes me; perhaps it was the fun of performing the research. Preventing folic acid deficiency in wine-consuming alcoholics may thwart an unusual type of anemia in this unfortunate group; however, these persons need far more... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 2200 North Third Street; Phoenix, AZ 85004 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1978Volume 88, Issue 3Page: 434-434KeywordsAlcoholicsAlcoholismAnemiaFolic acidResearch fundingWine Issue Published: 1 March 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...