tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lactate Homeostasis and Lactic Acidosis
Authors: ROBERT A. KREISBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The roles of changes in cellular redox, interorgan lactate flux and balance, and quantitative aspects of lactate metabolism in the pathogenesis of lactic acidosis are discussed. Altered metabolism of pyruvate is central to the development of lactic acidosis and hyperlactatemia. Lactic acidosis occurs as a result of a relative or absolute imbalance in lactate production and utilization. Lactate utilization for oxidative purposes and for the resynthesis of glucose is essential for the maintenance of acid-base balance. Because of its role in lactate homeostasis the liver may play a central role in acid-base balance. Impairment of hepatic utilization of lactate may produce lactic acidosis.
Abstract 4781: EBV infection of mammary epithelial cells promotes malignant transformation.
Authors: Hai Hu, Gerburg Wulf, Ashish Juvekar, Dirk P Dittmer, Joyce Fingeroth
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Whether the human tumor virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) promotes breast cancers remains controversial and a potential mechanism has remained elusive. Herein we show EBV binds mammary epithelial cells (MECs) via CD21 and upon establishing a persistent infection triggers expansion of MEC progenitor cells (CD24low/CD44high), increases mammosphere formation, blocks differentiation and in conjunction with activated Ras accelerates formation of breast cancers in NOD/SCID mice. Similar to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), breast cancers derived from EBV-infected and Ras-transduced MECs exhibited a latency II pattern infection (LMP1 high, LMP2A positive) with a significant number of lytic transcripts. A human gene expression signature for “EBVness” was derived from these tumors and application to publicly available data sets of breast cancer patients showed “EBVness” was - associated with high grade (40 vs 13.5%) estrogen-receptor (ER)-negative status (31.8 vs. 10.5%), p53 mutation (37.5 vs 14.5%) and poor survival. Citation Format: Hai Hu, Gerburg Wulf, Ashish Juvekar, Dirk P Dittmer, Joyce Fingeroth. EBV infection of mammary epithelial cells promotes malignant transformation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4781. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4781 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Albuminuria and Vascular Damage — The Vicious Twins
Authors: Eberhard Ritz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Diabetes mellitus causes a dramatic increase in mortality, particularly from cardiovascular causes: the survival rate among persons with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes and no history of coronary heart disease was reported to be as poor as that of survivors of myocardial infarction.1 Although accounting for only approximately 10 percent of all cases of diabetes, type 1 diabetes has been investigated far more completely than other forms. Trials concerning the importance of glycemic control2,3 or the response of nephropathy to intervention with antihypertensive agents4,5 have shown, however, that with certain limitations, the results of interventional studies . . .
A CLINICAL STUDY OF ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY CASES OF HYPERPHORIA.
Authors: WENDELL REBER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

When this paper was first thought of, I went over all my records with a view of finding in what percentage of cases hyperphoria had been noted; also what lessons were to be derived from the study of these cases. After much examination I decided to limit myself to my last 700 cases, throughout which there has been almost absolute uniformity of study. The statistics resulting from any study of these 700 records will therefore be of much greater interest and more faithful to the facts than had I included my preceding 1700 records, many of which are more or less incomplete as to the muscular status. In every case painstaking correction of all refractive errors was made, the tests for hyperphoria preceding and following the refraction. Out of these 700 records 525 were refraction cases, in every one of which the muscular status was carefully estimated with the Maddox
Perforated Peptic Ulcer in the West of Scotland: a Survey of 5,343 Cases During 1954-63
Authors: C. MacKay
Journal: BMJ (1966)

materially reduce the incidence of painful side-effects.Finally, if the Gambia can be considered as representative of communi- ties in West Africa the hazard of swiftly creating widespread drug resistance in plasmodia through the result of a repository atimalarial in this area would seem to be smaller than has been feared by some authorities. SummaryThe repository antimalarial properties of single doses of cycloguanil pamoate were tested in hyperendemic field condi- tions in the Gambia, West Africa.The first subgroup of treated subjects developed pain, tenderness, induration, and swelling at the injection site in high incidence, and sterile abscess formation occurred in 27%.Change of injection site to one less closely associated with adipose tissue greatly reduced the incidence of local reaction in subjects treated subsequently.No signs indicative of systemic toxicity were detected in treated or control subjects and haemoglobin concentrations in the former tended to improve after dosage.Asexual parasitaemia existed in 65% of treated subjects befor dosage.At day 7 post therapy all were trophozoite-free, though gametocytaemia persisted.Before injection 63 % of control subjects were similarly parasitized and by day 7 55% were still infected.Chemoprophylaxis following cycloguanil administration was of substantially greater duration than would have been expected to follow a single dose of any known antimalarial.However, compared with results obtained in American volunteers its duration was disappointingly short.It is suggested that the extreme muscular activity of Gambian subjects may have increased rates of drug absorption and excretion.The occurrence of strains of plasmodia resistant to cyclo- guanil, pyrimethamine, or proguanil was not observed during the trial.The absence of signs of systemic toxicity following cycloguanil administration indicates that further field trials should be undertaken at higher dosage levels.We wish to acknowledge our gratitude to Mrs. R. Williams, for assistance of inestimable value in maintaining records and preserv- ing village relations; to Drs. S. H. 0.
REMARKS ON THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES.
Authors: R. ORTEGA
Journal: JAMA (1897)

I want to talk about a treatment or practice which gives the patient entire relief at once from pain and puts him in good condition for work as soon as the fracture is solid. As soon as a patient breaks a bone I make massage from the lower part of the fractured limb to the upper part; we commence to do the massage very gently just on the skin, with anything, oil, or soap and water, salve or vaselin to allow the hand to rub without hurting. Ten or fifteen minutes afterward we do the massage on the muscles, always from the end of the member up, never making pressure; in ten or fifteen minutes after the pain is gone and we can reduce the fracture without chloroform or pain. As soon as the fracture is reduced we roll it in a simple flannel bandage, from the end of the
Amadori glucose adducts modulate mesangial cell growth and collagen gene expression
Authors: Margo P. Cohen, Fuad N. Ziyadeh
Journal: Kidney International (1994)

Diabetic serum contains increased concentrations of glycated proteins, which are preferentially transported into the renal glomerulus. We investigated effects of Amadori glucose adducts in serum proteins, the predominant form in which circulating glycated proteins exist in vivo, on glomerular mesangial cells, where the lesion of diabetic nephropathy originates. [3H]-thymidine incorporation by murine mesangial cells was significantly inhibited when cells were grown in the presence of serum glycated by incubation for four days with 28 mM glucose or when cells were cultured in microtiter plates that had been precoated with glycated serum. This effect was prevented by a monoclonal antibody immunoreactive with Amadori adducts in glycated albumin, and unreactive with other glycated serum proteins or with advanced glycation end (AGE) products. Glycated serum stimulated Type IV collagen gene expression and increased Type IV collagen secretion, an effect also prevented by monoclonal antibodies reactive with Amadori adducts in glycated albumin. The glycation-induced changes in proliferation, collagen synthesis and collagen gene expression were observed in media containing normal glucose concentration and were exaggerated in media containing high glucose concentration. The data indicate that Amadori products of glycated serum proteins induce mesangial cell abnormalities that are highly relevant to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, and that these effects are accentuated when glycated serum proteins are presented in a hyperglycemic milieu. The data also suggest that mesangial cells specifically recognize Amadori adducts in glycated albumin.
LACK OF STATIN USE PRIOR TO PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IS COMMON AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RATES OF POST-PROCEDURAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Mohamad Kenaan, Milan Seth, Herbert Aronow, Joseph Naoum, Stephen Peck, Douglas Wunderly, Dale Leffler, Hitinder Gurm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Advance directives and suicidal behaviour
Authors: N. Kapur, C. Clements, N. Bateman, B. Foex, K. Mackway-Jones, R. Huxtable, D. Gunnell, K. Hawton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<i>Background</i>—The salivary diagnosis of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection offers attractive possibilities for the epidemiological study of infection in children. Salivary enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is less reliable then serum ELISA, owing to variable transudation of immunoglobulin. In addition, children are more difficult to study because of lower specific serum antibody concentrations to <i>H pylori</i>. The performance of salivary western blotting in comparison with serum western blotting and serum ELISA was investigated in school children. <i>Subjects and methods</i>—Paired serum and saliva specimens were obtained from 665 school children aged 9–11 in 10 British towns. All saliva and serum specimens were first analysed by ELISA; subsequently, western blotting of both specimens was performed on 31 and 34 specimens, respectively, to establish the criteria for positivity for western blotting. The remaining 121 specimens were then tested blindly and saliva was compared with the serum. <i>Results</i>—The sensitivity and specificity of salivary ELISA in the 665 specimens was 32 of 50 (64%) and 530 of 691 (87%), respectively, when compared with serum ELISA. The western blotting validation was performed on 28 subjects with positive serum and positive salivary ELISA, 28 saliva positives with negative serum, 16 saliva negatives with positive serum, and 50 doubly negative subjects. Compared with serum western blots, the sensitivity and specificity of salivary western blots was 38 of 47 (81%) and 68 of 75 (91%), respectively. Using serum ELISA as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity were 32 of 44 (73%) and 72 of 78 (92%), respectively, the specificity being significantly higher than salivary ELISA (p &lt; 0.001). <i>Conclusion</i>—Salivary western blotting for IgG is useful in the diagnosis of <i>H pylori</i> infection and is superior to ELISA. It also permits the identification of pathogenic strains.
Intracellular respiratory dysfunction and cell injury in short-term anoxia of rabbit renal proximal tubules.
Authors: T Takano, S P Soltoff, S Murdaugh, L J Mandel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The effects of short-term anoxia and hypoxia were studied in a rabbit proximal renal tubule suspension in order to avoid the hemodynamic consequences of clamp-induced ischemia. The suspension was subjected to anoxia for 10-40 min and the effects on a number of cellular transport and respiratory parameters were monitored. Cellular respiration was measured upon addition of nystatin (Nys) to maximally stimulate Na pump activity. Mitochondrial respiration was measured in the tubules by addition of digitonin and ADP to obtain the state 3 respiratory rate. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured as an index of plasma membrane damage. The cellular contents of K and Ca were also measured. Results show that 10 and 20 min of anoxia partially inhibited Nys-stimulated and mitochondrial respiration, and partially decreased the K contents, but all these effects were largely reversible after 20 min of reoxygenation. After 40 min of anoxia and 20 min of reoxygenation, all these variables remained irreversibly inhibited: Nys-stimulated respiration by 54%, mitochondrial respiration by 50%, K content by 42%, and LDH release was 40% of total. Ca content decreased slightly during anoxia, but increased up to fourfold during severe hypoxia; the excess Ca was released during the first 10 min of reoxygenation. The degree of respiratory impairment was identical during anoxia or hypoxia, suggesting that Ca accumulation was not associated with the impairment. Decreasing the extracellular Ca to 2.5 microM decreased LDH release significantly during anoxia, suggesting that plasma membrane damage during anoxia may be associated with increased intracellular free Ca. Addition of Mg-adenosine triphosphate during anoxia dramatically improved recovery of all the measured parameters after the anoxic period.
Risk Factors for Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter Complications in Children
Authors: Ketan Jumani, Sonali Advani, Nicholas G. Reich, Leslie Gosey, Aaron M. Milstone
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) are prone to infectious, thrombotic, and mechanical complications. These complications are associated with morbidity, so data are needed to inform quality improvement efforts.<h3>Objectives</h3>To characterize the epidemiology of and to identify risk factors for complications necessitating removal of PICCs in children.<h3>Design</h3>Cohort study.<h3>Setting</h3>Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland.<h3>Participants</h3>Hospitalized children who had a PICC inserted outside of the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2009.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Complications necessitating PICC removal as recorded by the PICC Team.<h3>Results</h3>During the study period, 2574 PICCs were placed in 1807 children. Complications necessitating catheter removal occurred in 534 PICCs (20.8%) during 46 021 catheter-days (11.6 complications per 1000 catheter-days). These included accidental dislodgement (4.6%), infection (4.3%), occlusion (3.7%), local infiltration (3.0%), leakage (1.5%), breakage (1.4%), phlebitis (1.2%), and thrombosis (0.5%). From 2003 to 2009, complications decreased by 15% per year (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81-0.89). In adjusted analysis, all noncentral PICC tip locations—midline (IRR 4.59, 95% CI, 3.69-5.69), midclavicular (2.15; 1.54-2.98), and other (3.26; 1.72-6.15)—compared with central tip location were associated with an increased risk of complications. Pediatric ICU exposure and age younger than 1 year were independently associated with complications necessitating PICC removal.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Noncentral PICC tip locations, younger age, and pediatric ICU exposure were independent risk factors for complications necessitating PICC removal. Despite reductions in PICC complications, further efforts are needed to prevent PICC-associated complications in children.
AN UNUSUAL ALOPECIA CAPITIS IN ACUTE LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SCLERODERMIA, AND DERMATOMYOSITIS.
Authors: CLIFFORD D. EVANS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1953)

Journal Article AN UNUSUAL ALOPECIA CAPITIS IN ACUTE LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SCLERODERMIA, AND DERMATOMYOSITIS. Get access CLIFFORD D. EVANS CLIFFORD D. EVANS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 65, Issue 6, 1 June 1953, Pages 212–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13202.x Published: 01 June 1953
HOW FAR DOES A SCIENTIFC THERAPY DEPEND UPON THE MATERIA MEDICA IN THE CURE OF DISEASE?.
Authors: ELMER LEE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

A large part of medical student life is spent in trying to memorize the contents of the materia medica and its auxiliaries. The drug catalogues sent gratis, and drug circulars and the spurious medical literature for advertising purposes comprise the auxiliaries. Names of drugs are arranged into classes for convenience, and later the names begin to keep company with other names which stand for disease. The hapless student works away for some years till he is prepared to answer examination questions pertaining to diseases and the drugs which it is affirmed cure them, he is then ready to be graduated in medicine, and soon takes up the practice of this acquired information upon other hapless ones, perchance to be found in some eleemosynary institution to which he is assigned for having shown himself specially fitted or judged by his ability to pass a medical examination in current theory and practice.
Gabapentin
Authors: Edward V. Nunes
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Clinical evaluation of <i>in vitro</i> leukocyte histamine release in allergy to muscle relaxant drugs
Authors: E. Mata, J. L. Guéant, D. A. Moneret‐Vautrin, N. Bermejo, P. Gérard, J. P. Nicolas, M. C. Laxenaire
Journal: Allergy (1992)

We have evaluated the in vitro leukocyte histamine release tests for the diagnosis of allergy to muscle relaxant drugs in 40 patients (Group A) and a control group of 44 subjects with negative leukocyte histamine release (Group B). Non‐IgE dependent histamine release, expressed as a percentage of the total blood histamine, was 3.94%± 0.49 in Group B. The upper limit of positivity was estimated to be 5% (mean + 2 SD). Leukocyte histamine release tests were positive in 65 % of the patients from Group A. The concordance between LHR and QAS‐RIA was 64%. The maximal histamine release was observed at dilutions of 10 −2 –10 −4 in 20 of the 26 positive cases. The maximal histamine release was 43.8%± 23.3. The spontaneous histamine release was as low as 1.7%± 1.1. Cross‐reactivity among the 5 different muscle relaxant drugs has been investigated and compared by intradermal testing. The muscle relaxant drugs which gave the lower skin reaction (M2) and the drug responsible for shock (M1) were selected for the study of in vitro leukocyte histamine release. Of 20 patients, 10 had, simultaneously, a positive test to Ml and a negative to M2. All of the 10 cases had negative ID tests with M2. Three of these patients subsequently underwent general anesthesia with the muscle relaxant chosen as harmless (M2) without any clinical reaction.
Planning for a good death: responding to unexpected events
Authors: Y Saunders
Journal: BMJ (2003)

When a terminally ill patient develops an acute problem, risky emergency treatment may seem futile to medical staff. But sometimes patients are not ready to die. What is a good death in such circumstances and how do we achieve it? 

In palliative care we aim to provide good symptom control and ultimately a good death. Patients and their families need time to prepare for death. Sometimes acute situations arise that can interfere with this process, leading to a distressing and undignified end. Decision making in emergency situations is difficult. We use a case history to illustrate the problems surrounding such decisions.

A 19 year old man was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate with lung metastases and bone marrow disease. He was treated with four chemotherapeutic regimens. Although the pulmonary metastases completely resolved, the disease progressed at the primary site and regional lymph nodes. He had multiple complications from the chemotherapy, which resulted in lengthy hospital admissions. Controlling his pain, particularly neuropathic pain in his left leg, was difficult.

He had many plans for the future and promising career prospects ahead of him. Despite several attempts, we were unable to open a discussion with him about his prognosis or end of life issues in the days preceding the emergency event.

While he was an inpatient on the palliative care ward at the tertiary referral unit he developed intermittent melaena sufficient to require blood transfusion. Gastroscopy showed no abnormality. Angiography was arranged for the following day at a nearby hospital to locate the bleeding point. That evening, however, the rate of bleeding became catastrophic, and an immediate decision had to be made about his management. He was transfused with large volumes of blood products. By midnight, it was clear that …
Buffy-Coat Observations and Red-Cell Antibodies in Acquired Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Erwin W. Gelfand, Neil Abramson, George B. Segel, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE conditions for the interaction of human macrophages and antibody-coated red cells have been extensively studied in the laboratory.1 2 3 We report here a clinical application of these technics in relation to the study of a patient with an acquired hemolytic anemia due to cold, active gamma G antibody.Case ReportR.L., a 5-year-old boy, was perfectly well until five days before admission to another hospital, when mild fever, malaise and loss of appetite developed. He was jaundiced, with scleral icterus and dark urine; the hemoglobin was 8 g per 100 ml, and a 2+ positive direct Coombs test (Ortho) was . . .