tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Similarities of Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction and Aganglionic Megacolon in the Newborn Infant
Authors: Orvar Swenson, Franklin Z. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

RECENTLY a survey established that there was a 70 per cent mortality in the neonate with Hirschsprung's disease.1 A majority were not treated by surgery. A survival rate of 30 per cent from a neonatal disease should prompt physicians and surgeons to seek out better methods of diagnosis and treatment.In a study of 200 patients with aganglionic megacolon operated upon during the past ten years, it was noted that 30 children, or 15 per cent, had exploratory laparotomies as neonates, for apparent mechanical intestinal obstructions. Considering the high mortality of this disease, such unnecessary operations should be avoided. Zuelzer . . .
Decreased renal corin expression contributes to sodium retention in proteinuric kidney diseases
Authors: Danny Polzin, Henriette J. Kaminski, Christian Kastner, Wei Wang, Stephanie Krämer, Stepan Gambaryan, Michael Russwurm, Harm Peters, Qingyu Wu, Alain Vandewalle, Sebastian Bachmann, Franziska Theilig
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
On Bedside Teaching
Authors: J.J.P. Patil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997On Bedside TeachingJ.J.P. Patil, MB, BS, FRCP(C)J.J.P. Patil, MB, BS, FRCP(C)Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I was delighted to read LaCombe's article on bedside teaching [1]. As he points out, it is a sorry state of affairs that the use of bedside teaching at university hospitals has significantly decreased since the 1960s. This decrease, I think, results from the new imaging techniques that can make a diagnosis for us. This diagnostic testing often escalates the cost of medical care. A complete history followed by a thorough physical examination can help new physicians to order appropriate tests rather than a battery of expensive tests. This cannot be achieved unless physicians develop good bedside ...References1. LaCombe MA. On bedside teaching. Ann Intern Med. 1997:126:217-20. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 172KeywordsImaging techniquesMotivationSurgeons Issue Published: 15 July 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The risk of liver and bile duct cancer in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholism, or cirrhosis
Authors: Hannah Kuper, Weimin Ye, Ulrika Broomé, Anders Romelsjö, Lorelei A. Mucci, Anders Ekbom, Hans-Olov Adami, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Olof Nyrén
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

No prospective study has analyzed simultaneously chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholism as risk factors for liver carcinogenesis, while taking into consideration the role of cirrhosis. Nor has the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic viral hepatitis been prospectively evaluated in a low-risk Western population. Last, the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors and bile duct cancer remains to be clarified. We analyzed prospectively the risk for primary liver and extrahepatic biliary tract cancer among 186,395 patients hospitalized with either chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholism, cirrhosis, or any combination of these conditions through linkages between national Swedish registers. Compared with the general population, the relative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was 34.4 for chronic viral hepatitis alone, 2.4 for alcoholism alone, and 40.7 for cirrhosis alone. Among patients with combinations of these risk conditions, the relative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was 27.3 for chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholism, 118.5 for chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, 22.4 for alcoholism and cirrhosis, and 171.4 for all 3 conditions. We found limited evidence for an excess risk of intrahepatic, but not for extrahepatic, biliary duct cancer. Cirrhosis amplifies the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic viral hepatitis, but it is not a prerequisite for liver carcinogenesis. In contrast, cirrhosis may be a necessary intermediate for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma among alcoholics.
An overview of antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Andrew D Blann, Martin J Landray, Gregory Y H Lip
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Many of the common problems in clinical practice today relate to thrombosis.The underlying final pathophysiological process in myocardial infarction and stroke is thrombus formation (thrombogenesis).Common cardiovascular disorders such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure are also associated with thrombogenesis.Thrombosis is also a clinical problem in various cancers and after surgery, especially orthopaedic.
Effect of distension of the bladder and of contraction of sphincters on blood pressure.
Authors: J. J. Szasz, H. M. Whyte
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Distension of the bladder has been shown to cause a rise in blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs (Talaat, 1937) and cats (Watkins, 1938) and in patients with spinal cord injuries (Gutt- mann and Whitteridge, 1947;Cunningham et al., 1953), but whether the association is operative and of any clinical signi- ficance in normal circumstances is less clear.Observations by Adams-Ray and Norlen (1951) and by More (quoted by Whit- teridge, 1960) showed that vasoconstriction occurred in normal subjects when the bladder was uncomfortably full and the intra- vesical pressure exceeded 50 mm.Hg.Further indirect evi- dence of an association comes from observations that blood pressure falls after prostatic obstruction is relieved (O'Conor, 1920), of hypertensive crises in patients with grossly distended bladders, and of " micturition syncope" (Lyle et al., 1961).In all instances it seemed that gross distension and perhaps dis- comfort were required to produce an effect on blood pressure.The aim of the present study was to assess the practical significance of the problem by carrying out simple experiments in normal subjects and in catheterized patients. MethodsBlood pressure was measured by one observer to the nearest 2 mm.Hg with one standard sphygmomanometer in accordance with the recommendations of the American Heart Association.Duplicate measurements were made on each occasion.Oral Fluid Load Test.-The response to an oral fluid load of 1,200 ml. of flavoured tap-water drunk in 30 minutes was tested in seven healthy volunteers aged 26 to 71 years, mean 38, and four patients of both sexes aged 41 to 77 years, mean 56.The patients agreed to participate in this study, and were selected because they were in relatively good general condition but had indwelling catheters as part of their treatment for various urological conditions-urethral stricture, prostatic hyper- trophy, or vesical diverticula with ureteric reflux.Procedures were explained to subjects before the test but no emphasis was placed on bladder distension.Tests were begun with an empty bladder and not less than one hour after a meal.Subjects were kept sitting during tests, and no eating, drinking, or smoking was allowed.In the initial control period blood pressure was recorded every 10 minutes till the average of duplicate readings remained relatively constant (within 5 mm.Hg: control value C).After the subjects began to drink the fluid load readings were made every 15 or 30 minutes (see Table I), and they were encouraged to delay emptying the bladder for as long as pos- sible.Further readings were made when bladder distension became intolerable (value D), five minutes after emptying (value E), and subsequently at intervals of 15 minutes.Observations were also made of pulse rate, changes in pupil size, palmar sweating, colour changes of the face or extremities, irritability and signs or complaints of discomfort, and the volume of
Cellular Sodium Transport in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, P.J. Hilton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The idea that hypertension might be associated with alterations in the small intracellular pool of sodium can be traced back to 1952, when Tobian and Binion reported that the sodium content of renal arteries, as measured during postmortem examination, was increased in hypertensive subjects as compared with normotensive controls.1 This early observation highlights the central problem associated with the study of sodium transport in hypertension, in that it represents an attempt to examine directly the tissue most obviously involved in the mechanism of hypertension — vascular smooth muscle — while demonstrating the difficulty of obtaining valid estimates of the sodium . . .
600. Transduced Cells with Lentiviral Vector Expressing gp41-Derived c-Peptide Are Protected from HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Kwang-soo Ahn, Seok Kee Chang, Dokeun Kim, Won Shin, Yeowon Sohn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is composed of a complex between the surface subunit gp120, which binds to cellular receptors, and the transmembrane subunit gp41. Upon activation of the envelope glycoprotein by cellular receptors, gp41 undergoes conformational changes that mediate fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. The gp41 C-terminal heptad repeat region interacts with the N-terminal coiled-coil region to form a six-stranded core structure. As the limitations of anti-retroviral drug therapy, such as toxicity and resistance, interest in alternative therapeutic approaches for HIV-1 infection is growing. Based on HIV-1 glycoprotein, peptides derived from gp41 C-terminal heptad repeat region (C- peptides) are potent HIV-1 entry inhibitors by binding to gp41 N- terminal coiled-coil region. We hypothesize that expression of a membrane-bound C-peptides will confer HIV-1 resistance to target cells. Efficient gene delivery and stable expression of a membrane- bound C-peptides to target cells was accomplished using a self- inactivating lentiviral vector. Also, to achieve maximal expression and antiviral activity, the scaffold for presentation of the peptide on the cell surface was optimized. The HIV-1 entry inhibition effect by membrane-bound C-peptides can be mimicked by a fusion process between cells expressing the HIV envelope glycoprotein (gp160) and cells expressing both C-peptides together with human CD4 receptors. In this report, fusion events were monitored by the luciferase reporter system. In addition to these experiments, we designed viruses which have HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and express green fluorescence protein (GFP), and a potent antiviral effect was observed when C-peptides expressed cells were challenged with these virus. In this study, We have found that expression of membrand bound C-peptides inhibited membrane fusion and virus infectivity as well as cytopathic effects were absent in transduced cells. Results from this study support the rationale to use this lentiviral vector targeted at HIV entry as a potential gene therapy for HIV infection.
THE PREPARATION OF THE SPECIALIST,A PROBLEM IN MEDICAL EDUCATION.
Authors: GEORGE E. SHAMBAUGH
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The rapid development of the medical specialties has been one of the most conspicuous features of modern medical progress. It has been only a few years since the work in rhinology, for example, has been carried beyond the scope of the man doing general practice. The beginnings of laryngology antedate those of rhinology by but a few years, and the man who discovered the use of the laryngeal mirror passed away only last year. The men whose work laid the foundations for modern otology are, many of them, still living. The short period that has elapsed since the work in the several special fields was begun is in no way commensurate with the extent to which this work has been carried. There has developed in this short time for each of the specialties an enormous literature. In the fundamental sciences alone, in anatomy, in physiology, in embryology and in pathology
SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF A CLINICALLY COMPREHENSIVE AND COST EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: GATED SPECT THALLIUM IMAGING
Authors: J. J. Pippin, S. J. Durham, S. M. Devers, T. D. Payne, C. J. Branstetter, M. A. Brodie, A. D. Ross, C. M. Carr
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Pippin, J.; Durham, S. J.; Devers, S. M.; Payne, T. D.; Branstetter, C. J.; Brodie, M. A.; Ross, A. D.; Carr, C. M. Author Information
Further Experience with the "Lente" Insulins
Authors: W. M. Lancaster, I. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The initial investigation into the use of insulin-zinc suspensions in the diabetic clinic of the Victoria Infir- mary, Glasgow, suggested that these insulins possessed certain advantages over protamine-zinc and globin insulins (Murray and Wilson, 1953), an opinion which coincided with that of other workers in this country (Lawrence and Oakley, 1953;Nabarro and Stowers, 1953;Oakley, 1953;Venning, 1954).Since insulin zinc suspensions became generally available late in 1953 they have been widely used, and several reports based on studies extending over prolonged periods have appeared (Gurling et al.,
Case 17-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, John W. Gittinger, Daniel J. Townsend, Robert H. Young, Douglas C. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 48-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of aphasia.She was well until six weeks earlier, when she noticed discomfort in the right eye. A physician made a diagnosis of conjunctivitis and prescribed local treatment. Two weeks before admission she began to experience frequent bifrontal headaches. Two days before entry she suddenly became aware of difficulty in speaking and confusion. She was admitted to the hospital.She gave a 40-pack-year history of cigarette smoking. There was a seven-year history of alcohol abuse. Eighteen months before admission she was first seen at this hospital, where a . . .
The Madrid Statement on Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)
Authors: Arlene Blum, Simona A. Balan, Martin Scheringer, Xenia Trier, Gretta Goldenman, Ian T. Cousins, Miriam Diamond, Tony Fletcher, Christopher Higgins, Avery E. Lindeman, Graham Peaslee, Pim de Voogt, Zhanyun Wang, Roland Weber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)
Thyrocalcitonin and the Jejunal Absorption of Calcium, Water, and Electrolytes in Normal Subjects
Authors: T. Kenney Gray, Frederick A. Bieberdorf, John S. Fordtran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Jejunal absorption of calcium, water, and electrolytes was measured in 10 normal subjects by the triple-lumen perfusion method. During the control period, water and electrolyte movements were minimal when a bicarbonate-free test solution was infused. By contrast, bicarbonate-containing solutions were readily absorbed in the control period. Intravenous infusion of synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) (1 Medical Research Council U/kg wt/h) over 110-120 min resulted in a marked jejunal secretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride in 8 of the 10 subjects. This jejunal secretion occurred with both the bicarbonate-free and the bicarbonate-containing test solutions. Calcium absorption was not affected by SCT, and the serum calcium concentration did not fall during SCT infusion. These results suggest that diarrhea in patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid may be due to intestinal secretion secondary to high blood concentrations of thyrocalcitonin.
HYPERTENSION IN NEGROES
Authors: E. CHARLES KUNKLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

Letters and Comments1 January 1965HYPERTENSION IN NEGROESE. CHARLES KUNKLE, M.D.E. CHARLES KUNKLE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-1-177 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In the August issue of the ANNALS, Drs. McDonough, Garrison, and Hames add further evidence that the American Negro is unduly prone to arterial hypertension and its complications. The analysis of data is elaborate but curiously sidesteps an important question. The authors concede that the phenomenon might somehow be related to "way-of-life differences," and then consider and reject one such factor, salt ingestion. Why did they not mention, at least in passing, a more fundamental and pertinent issue—the special cultural and other pressures to which the Negro is exposed. Sociologic forces would seem to merit some consideration... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: E. CHARLES KUNKLE, M.D.Affiliations: Portland, Ore. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1965Volume 62, Issue 1Page: 177-177KeywordsHypertensionIngestionSalts ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
(17) Contact urticaria due to the common stinging nettle (Urtica dioica): histological, ultrastructural and pharmacological studies
Authors: F. Oliver, E.U. Amon, A. Breathnach, A.KOBZA Black, D.M. Francis, P. Sarathchandra, M.W. Greaves
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article (17) Contact urticaria due to the common stinging nettle (Urtica dioica): histological, ultrastructural and pharmacological studies Get access F. Oliver, F. Oliver Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.U. Amon, E.U. Amon Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Breathnach, A. Breathnach Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.KOBZA Black, A.KOBZA Black Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.M. Francis, D.M. Francis Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Sarathchandra, P. Sarathchandra Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. Greaves M.W. Greaves Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 123, Issue s37, 1 July 1990, Pages 62–63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb04479.x Published: 01 July 1990
Establishing Criteria for Gestational Diabetes
Authors: John B O'Sullivan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

The general requirements for establishing diagnostic criteria with tests of glucose tolerance are discussed in relation to standards for gestational diabetes that are in current use. Data are presented to show that even when remissions of gestational diabetes occur with the progression of pregnancy, the risk of subsequent diabetes remains unaltered. The prognostic potential that fasting blood glucose levels has for the outcome of pregnancy is also considered. Finally the dependence of prevalence rates for gestational diabetes on the criteria selected and their substantial effect on assessment of screening methods is demonstrated.
Prescribing psychotropic drugs in general practice: three year study.
Authors: L Jones, D Simpson, A C Brown, D Bainton, H McDonald
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A three year longitudinal study of psychotropic drug prescribing in one inner city general practice showed that there was a greater use of such drugs among women and elderly men and women. Repeat prescriptions without consultation accounted for 44% of prescriptions written. We think that any attempt to reduce the volume of prescriptions for psychotropic drugs should take into account the prescribing habits and attitudes of doctors as well as the problems and needs of patients.
Palestine: the assault on health and other war crimes: “But about who's suffering worse—there's no argument”
Authors: A M Rouse
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Few, including those responding on bmj.com, seem to dispute the mortality and morbidity statistics presented by Summerfield.1 Many respondents, however, dispute how his data should be interpreted.

To my mind, the most eloquent and precise interpretation of the …
IgE levels in faecal extracts of patients with food allergy
Authors: K. Sasai, S. Furukawa, T. Sugawara, K. Kaneko, M. Baba, K. Yabuta
Journal: Allergy (1992)

IgE levels in faecal extracts (Copro‐IgE levels) were investigated in food allergy (EA) patients before and after the challenge test administration of food assay. In addition, the effects of administration of oral sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on the Copro‐IgE levels were studied. Copro‐IgE levels in patients with FA, who were placed on an elimination diet, did not differ from those of healthy children. After a challenge test immediate symptoms of urticaria and wheezing were observed in all FA patients. Copro‐IgE levels in each patients increased markedly within 24 h of the challenge test. Moreover, FA patients treated orally with SCG showed neither and increase in Copro‐IgE levels nor any remarkable symptoms after the challenge. Our results suggest that the increased Copro‐IgE levels may be a specific consequence of the local immune response to food allergen stimulation in the gut mucosa.
Coronary stenting with a new, radiopaque, balloon-expandable endoprosthesis in pigs.
Authors: W J van der Giessen, P W Serruys, H M van Beusekom, L J van Woerkens, H van Loon, L K Soei, B H Strauss, K J Beatt, P D Verdouw
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Intracoronary stents may be effective when used as "bail-out" devices for acute complications after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Furthermore, preliminary reports have demonstrated some promising results with stents with regard to the reduction of restenosis. Several stent devices are available for preclinical and clinical evaluation. The use of these stainless-steel stents has been limited by poor visibility during fluoroscopy and thrombogenicity during the first days to weeks after implantation. We therefore investigated the immediate and short-term effects on arterial patency of a new, radiopaque, balloon-expandable coil stent in normal coronary arteries of pigs.In 10 animals, a stent was placed in two of the three epicardial coronary arteries. During the implantation procedure, the animals received heparin; after the procedure, no antithrombotic drugs were administered. After 1 week (five animals and 10 stents) or 4 weeks (five animals and 10 stents), repeat angiography was performed, followed by pressure-fixation of the coronary arteries for light and electron microscopic examination. Angiographic analysis revealed that all stented coronary segments were patent and without signs of intraluminal defects. Scanning electron microscopy showed complete endothelial covering of all stents within 7 days. Light microscopy showed a reduced tunica media locally under the stent wires, which resulted from exerted pressure. The neointima on top of the stent wires measured 56 microns (range, 42-88 microns) after 1 week and 139 microns (range, 84-250 microns) after 4 weeks.Results from this study show that this radiopaque endoprosthesis can be safely placed in normal coronary arteries of pigs. After 4 weeks, all stents were patent and there was no need for additional antithrombotic treatment, whereas neointimal proliferation was limited.