tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Flexible, Low-Glycemic Index Mexican-Style Diet in Overweight and Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Improves Metabolic Parameters During a 6-Week Treatment Period
Authors: Arturo Jimenez-Cruz, Montserrat Bacardi-Gascon, Wilfred H. Turnbull, Perla Rosales-Garay, Isis Severino-Lugo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a flexible lower- and higher-glycemic index (GI) Mexican-style diet on biochemical data and BMI during a 6-week treatment period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study was a randomized, crossover design of two 6-week periods with a 6-week washout period between treatments. Subjects with type 2 diabetes (n = 36) with a BMI &amp;gt;25 kg/m2 were selected. Fourteen subjects completed the study with eligible dietary records. Dietary instruction was provided on flexible diets with both a high and low GI. Fasting venous blood samples were taken at the start and finish of each dietary period, and biochemical data were analyzed. Multi- and univariate one-factor repeated-measures ANOVA were used to compare biochemical data. RESULTS—Glycemic load and GI were lower during the low-GI diet, and dietary fiber was lower during the high-GI diet. The participants in the low-GI period consumed significantly fewer carbohydrates, such as white-wheat bread, white long-grain rice, potatoes, high-GI fruits, and carrots, and more carbohydrates, such as pinto beans, whole-meal wheat bread, and low-GI fruits than did participants in the high-GI period. There were no differences in the amount of carbohydrates consumed, such as corn tortillas and dairy products. At the end of the study periods, A1c was improved on the low- compared with the high-GI diet (P &amp;lt; 0.008). CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that a low-GI diet, containing Mexican-style foods, may help to improve the metabolic control in type 2 obese diabetic subjects during a 6-week period.
Comparison of Demographic Characteristics, Surgical Resection Patterns, and Survival Outcomes for Veterans and Nonveterans with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Steven B. Zeliadt, Nishant K. Sekaran, Elaine Y. Hu, Christopher C. Slatore, David H. Au, Leah Backhus, Daniel Y. Wu, Jeffrey Crawford, Gary H. Lyman, David C. Dale
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)

IntroductionLung cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States and among veterans. This study compares patterns of diagnosis, treatment, and survival for veterans diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a recently established cancer registry for the Veterans Affairs Pacific Northwest Network with the Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry.MethodsA cohort of 1715 veterans with NSCLC were diagnosed between 2000 and 2006, and 7864 men were diagnosed in Washington State during the same period. Demographics, tumor characteristics, initial surgical patterns, and survival across the two registries were evaluated.ResultsVeterans were more likely to be diagnosed with stage I or II disease (32.8%) compared with the surrounding community (21.5%, p = 0.001). Surgical resection rates were similar for veterans (70.2%) and nonveterans (71.2%) older than 65 years with early-stage disease (p = 0.298). However, veterans younger than 65 years with early-stage disease were less likely to undergo surgical resection (83.3% versus 91.5%, p = 0.003). Because there were fewer late-stage patients among veterans, overall survival was better, although within each stage group veterans experienced worse survival compared with community patients. The largest differences were among early-stage patients with 44.6% 5-year survival for veterans compared with 57.4% for nonveterans (p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe use of surgical resection among younger veterans with NSCLC may be lower compared with the surrounding community and may be contributing to poorer survival. Cancer quality of care studies have primarily focused on patients older than 65 years using Medicare claims; however, efforts to examine care for younger patients within and outside the Department of Veterans Affairs are needed.
IBS ad puts drug promotion under scrutiny
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2003)

John Dowden felt piqued when he saw an advertisement featuring young people enjoying the sunshine on a yacht, but not swimming because of various stomach problems. Dr Dowden, the editor of Australian Prescriber , had recently published an article noting that the advertisement's subject, tegaserod, a new treatment for irritable bowel syndrome, had been approved only for women with a less common form of the syndrome. He was concerned that the advertisement, published in the medical press last year, did not make these constraints clear, and lodged a complaint with the industry based committee that sets standards for marketing prescription drugs.

Dr Dowden was surprised, then, to be rung by the drug's manufacturer, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, asking that he consider withdrawing the complaint. Any breach of the industry's code of conduct had been inadvertent, he was told.

> “It's like a closed …
Jessica in the Well: Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Jefferson C. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —In his letter, Dr Benke1expressed his opinion that hyperbaric oxygen should not be used for ischemie injuries because of increased xanthine oxidase activity, which might generate excess free radicals during the period of reperfusion. The references he cited show the presence of large amounts of xanthine dehydrogenase available for conversion to xanthine oxidase, which uses molecular oxygen to produce superoxide radical during reperfusion of ischemic intestine, heart, brain, kidney, and possibly free-skin-flap transfer in rats. Fortunately, skeletal muscle is spared from this free-radical formation found in other tissues.2Experimental data on early use of hyperbaric oxygen for traumatized postischemic skeletal muscle have clearly demonstrated reduction of muscle necrosis3and reduction of edema.4-6The absence of damage due to reperfusion formation of free radicals in skeletal muscle is in accord with the observation that while measurable amounts of xanthine dehydrogenase exist in skeletal
Time-Limited Sensitivity Groups for Medical Students
Authors: STEPHEN S. DASHEF, WILLIAM M. ESPEY, JEREMY A. LAZARUS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Dehumanizing trends in medical education have been reported and discussed extensively. In response to this problem, the opportunity to join a voluntary, time-limited, unstructured sensitivity group was offered to medical students during their clinical rotation in psychiatry. These groups proved to be safe forums for experiential education in which students could increase their capacity to respond sensitively to themselves and others. This paper describes three phases of the group process, the role of the group leader, and the reactions of the participating students.
THE DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY REMAINS LOW, DESPITE PRIOR MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING TESTING, IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: RESULTS OF THE PREDICT (PERSONALIZED RISK EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS IN THE CORONARY TREE) TRIAL
Authors: Alexandra J. Lansky, John McPherson, Stephen Ellis, Naeem Tahirkheli, Hsiao Lieu, Michael Elashoff, May Yau, Steven Rosenberg, Mark Monane, Eric Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Radiologic Aspects of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Joseph J. Bookstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The Radiology Study Group of the Cooperative Study of Renovascular Hypertension was concerned with all aspects of technique and interpretation of the intravenous urogram and the arteriogram. The major urographic features, kidney length, calyceal appearance time, and concentration of contrast medium, as well as minor features (ureteral notching, kidney width, calyceal length, radiographic density, calyceal and pelvic configuration, parenchymal length, decreased pyelocalyceal size and renal ptosis) were defined and evaluated. Arteriographic evaluation included the type and volume of contrast agent, route of administration, and complications. The number of renal arteries and degree of stenosis evaluation included poststenotic dilatation; segmental or supplemental renal artery stenosis; the etiology of the stenosis; presence of collateral vessels; renal length, width, and cortical thickness; cortical defects; and nephrosclerosis. Intraobserver and interobserver discrepancies were discussed.
Dialyzer membrane type and reuse practice influence polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Madhumathi Rao, Daqing Guo, Bertrand L. Jaber, Sumuk Sundaram, Miguel Cendoroglo, Andrew J. King, Brian J.G. Pereira, Vaidyanathapuram S. Balakrishnan, None The Hemo Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Images of war and medical ethics
Authors: J. A Singh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A young girl's intestines spill from a stomach wound in her small body as she is rolled into the operating room. An injured woman screams in agony as her clothes are removed from her bloodied body. These gruesome and disturbing war images were just two of many such scenes captured from an Iraqi hospital by Qatar based Al-Jazeera news network on 28 March 2003. The graphic images of Iraqi civilian casualties captured the true reality and horror of the war. The way in which this was done raises questions about the boundaries of media ethics and, more importantly, medical ethics. We do not believe that the moral code of doctors differs markedly throughout the world. As such, doctors who permit footage of this nature to be captured fail in their legal and ethical duty …
Effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation with dobutamine on isovolumic relaxation in the normal and failing human left ventricle.
Authors: J D Parker, J S Landzberg, J A Bittl, I Mirsky, W S Colucci
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that beta-adrenergic receptor-stimulated acceleration of left ventricular (LV) isovolumic relaxation (i.e., positive lusitropic response) is attenuated in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) compared with patients without LV dysfunction or CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS The beta-adrenergic agonist dobutamine was infused by the intracoronary route in 14 subjects (normal group, six; CHF patients, eight) and by the intravenous route in a second group of 14 subjects (normal group, four; CHF patients, 10). The positive inotropic response to intracoronary or intravenous dobutamine was substantially and significantly reduced in the patients with CHF. LV isovolumic relaxation rate was determined by the methods of Weiss (TL), Mirsky (T1/2), and by a nonlinear regression technique (TNL). LV isovolumic relaxation assessed by all three methods was significantly prolonged in CHF patients compared with normal subjects. Intracoronary and intravenous infusions of dobutamine caused significant acceleration of LV isovolumic relaxation in both normal subjects and patients with CHF. The magnitude of the dobutamine-stimulated acceleration of isovolumic relaxation in patients with CHF was comparable with that in normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation causes significant acceleration of LV isovolumic relaxation in both normal subjects and patients with severe CHF. Coronary to our hypothesis, the lusitropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation is well preserved in patients with severe CHF despite substantial attenuation of the beta-adrenergic positive inotropic response. These findings have potentially important implications regarding the physiology and pharmacology of adrenergically mediated LV relaxation in humans.
Influence of Flickering Light on the Retinal Vessels in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Thanh T. Nguyen, Ning Cheung, Tien Y. Wong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We read with interest the article by Mandecka et al. (1) describing reduced retinal vessel reactivity, as measured by the response to flicker light, in people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Findings from this study provide further insights into the early retinal vessel diameter changes involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications.

Previous population-based studies have …
10 PEGINTERFERON LAMBDA-1A (LAMBDA) COMPARED TO PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (ALFA) IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPES (G) 2 OR 3: FIRST SVR24 RESULTS FROM EMERGE PHASE IIB
Authors: S. Zeuzem, S. Arora, B. Bacon, T. Box, M. Charlton, M. Diago, D. Dieterich, R.E. Mur, G. Everson, M. Fallon, P. Ferenci, R. Flisiak, J. George, R. Ghalib, N. Gitlin, A. Gladysz, S. Gordon, S. Greenbloom, T. Hassanein, I. Jacobson, L. Jeffers, K. Kowdley, E. Lawitz, S.S. Lee, B. Leggett, S. Lueth, D. Nelson, P. Pockros, M. Rodriguez-Torres, V. Rustgi, L. Serfaty, M. Sherman, M. Shiffman, R. Sola, M. Sulkowski, H. Vargas, J. Vierling, B. Yoffe, L. Ishak, D. Fontana, D. Xu, T. Gray, A. Horga, J. Hillson, J.C. Lopez-Talavera, A. Muir
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Illegal abortions and the Soviet health service.
Authors: M Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Although abortions are permitted in the USSR and its health service performs them on a massive scale, it is estimated that there is one illegal abortion, often self-induced, for every 2.7 legal terminations. The author, a university lecturer in Russian studies, attributes this situation to strong social disapproval of premarital and extramarital pregnancies and to deficiencies in the health service. Legal abortion involves long waiting lists, poor quality of care, callous health personnel, parental accompaniment for girls under 18, and the requirement that "abortion" be recorded on work absence forms, precluding confidentiality. Contributing to the high incidence of both legal and illegal abortion is the lack of adequate sex education and family planning advice and of acceptable and effective contraceptive methods.
Attenuation of the Allergen-induced Late Asthmatic Reaction by Cyclosporin A Is Associated with Inhibition of Bronchial Eosinophils, Interleukin-5, Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, and Eotaxin
Authors: L. NASREEN KHAN, ONN MIN KON, ALISON J. MACFARLANE, QIU MENG, SUN YING, NEIL C. BARNES, A. BARRY KAY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The allergen-induced late asthmatic reaction (LAR) is associated with increases in bronchial eosinophils and basophils as well as upregulation of several eosinophil active cytokines and C-C chemokines. Cyclosporin A (CsA) was previously shown to inhibit the LAR, but not the early asthmatic reaction (EAR), and this was associated with a decrease in blood eosinophils. For these reasons, we determined whether CsA inhibited the allergen-induced increases in bronchial eosinophils, basophils, eotaxin, interleukin-5 (IL-5), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Subjects with a demonstrable LAR underwent bronchoscopy with biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at baseline and then were randomly allocated to receive either CsA (n = 13) or placebo (n = 11) before challenge. A second bronchoscopy was performed 24 h later. The LAR, but not the EAR, was significantly attenuated in the CsA group compared with placebo (p < 0.05). CsA significantly inhibited the allergen-induced increases in IL-5 (p = 0.02) and GM-CSF (p = 0.0028) in mRNA + cells in BAL, and in a mAB against human activated eosinophils (EG2 + ) (p = 0.0227). We conclude that inhibition of the LAR by CsA may be related to its inhibitory effects on eosinophil-associated cytokines and chemokines. The beneficial effect of CsA in asthma may also be the result of inhibition of eosinophil accumulation.
Autoantibodies to recombinant lipocortin-1 in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: N J Goulding, M R Podgorski, N D Hall, R J Flower, J L Browning, R B Pepinsky, P J Maddison
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Corticosteroids may mediate some of their anti-inflammatory effects via induction of a specific 38 kD protein, lipocortin-1. Autoantibodies to lipocortin-1 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 90 healthy subjects and in 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 36 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 26 with polymyalgia rheumatica, and 13 with chronic airways disease. Sixteen patients with RA receiving prolonged, high steroid doses (prednisolone greater than 7.5 mg/day) had raised IgM antilipocortin-1 levels, while 19 patients with RA untreated with steroids had normal levels. This association was independent of disease activity. In SLE, raised antilipocortin-1 levels were associated with active disease and were independent of steroid treatment. Antilipocortin-1 antibody levels were not raised in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and chronic airways disease. Thus steroid treatment alone appears insufficient to induce antilipocortin-1 antibodies, unless an underlying autoimmune state is also present. In RA, antilipocortin-1 antibodies may impair anti-inflammatory actions of steroids and render some patients 9steroid resistant9.
Antibodies to peptidoglycan in spondylarthritis?
Authors: H B Evans, P M Johnson, K K Phua, C A Hart, H R Perkins
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

week 8 or to a matched placebo in addition to their existing analgesic or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory regimen.Treatment was continued for a six-month period with monthly assessments.We found no improvement in the clinical parameters measured (night pain, early morning stiffness, articular index, functional impairment, pain on walking, pain at rest, or range of movement) in the penicillamine-treated group compared with the placebo group.Eight of these patients (four on active treatment and four on placebo) had raised erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) at tfie start of the study, and no improvement was seen in the ESR in either group.Three patients withdrew from the penicillamine-treated group because of accepted side effects from this drug.Blind analysis of x-rays taken at the start and end of the study showed no serial improveme,nt for either group over this six-month period.Although the number of patients studied was extremely small, we found no evidence from this pilot study that penicillamine might be worthy of larger and more labour-intensive trials in osteoarthrosis.Clinical Pharmacology Unit, containing the D-Ala-D-Ala sequence apparent discrepancy between our result sera is not surprising.Furthermore we failing to note an association between s bacterial PG and RA.Pope et al. have similar observation.'There is, however, one point on wh anti-PG concur; namely, that the hun sponse to bacterial PG in humans is diver for this diversity is more clearly undc tionship of anti-PG to rheumatic disease: and RA, will probably remain a matt(
Minoxidil in Uremic Malignant Hypertension
Authors: EDUARDO PODJARNY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters1 June 1981Minoxidil in Uremic Malignant HypertensionEDUARDO PODJARNY, M.D., KEEV KORZETS, M.B., B.S., JACQUES BERNHEIM, M.D.EDUARDO PODJARNY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KEEV KORZETS, M.B., B.S.Search for more papers by this author, JACQUES BERNHEIM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-6-822_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the paper by Mitchell and colleagues (1) on the improvement of renal function during long-term treatment of hypertension with minoxidil. To their three patients with uraemic malignant hypertension necessitating dialysis who upon treatment with minoxidil recovered renal function sufficiently to discontinue dialysis, we would like to add a patient of ours.A 47-year-old white woman was initially investigated for hypertension of recent onset in 1975. Physical examination showed grade III (Keith-Wagener-Barker classification) hypertensive retinopathy with a blood pressure of 200/100mm Hg. Creatinine clearance was 120 mL/min.Renovascular hypertension was subsequently diagosed with proximal...References1. MITCHELLGRAHAMPETTINGER HRW. Renal function during long-term treatment of hypertension with minoxidil. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:676-81. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PERRY H. Minoxidil and improvement of renal function in uremic malignant hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:769-71. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Meir General Hospital Kfar Saba Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPathophysiology, clinical aspects, and treatment of hypertensive crisesPruritic Rash with Actinic Keratosis and Impending Exfoliation in a Patient with Hypertension Managed with MinoxidilHypertensive CrisisHypertensive Crises 1 June 1981Volume 94, Issue 6Page: 822-822KeywordsBlood pressureCreatinineHypertensionMedical dialysisRetinopathy Issue Published: 1 June 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cyanoacrylate Plastics For Epistaxis
Authors: Mary Ann Frable
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  This letter presents a new technique for treating epistaxis arising from the anteroinferior region of the nasal septum, where terminal branches of the greater palatine, sphenopalatine, anterior ethmoidal, and facial arteries (Kiesselbach's or Little's area) are accessible to local therapy.  Recently plastic tissue adhesives have been used for stemming the flow of blood from tissues that can not be sutured, liver or spleen, sealing intracranial aneurysms, and holding topical chemotherapy agents on tumor surfaces. 1   Plastic tissue adhesives include various cyanoacrylate monomers which cause bonding action as a result of anionic polymerization through an exothermic interaction apparently catalyzed by minute amounts of moisture present. Setting time varies with the nature of the surfaces treated, temperature, humidity, and the particular acrylate used. The speed of polymerization is faster with higher polymers, and homologues above heptyl polymers have almost instantaneous setting times.  Technique:—  Cocaine is administered to the bleeding area
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Incident Diabetes: The FIT (Henry Ford ExercIse Testing) Project
Authors: Stephen P. Juraschek, Michael J. Blaha, Roger S. Blumenthal, Clinton Brawner, Waqas Qureshi, Steven J. Keteyian, John Schairer, Jonathan K. Ehrman, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Prior evidence has linked higher cardiorespiratory fitness with a lower risk of diabetes in ambulatory populations. Using a demographically diverse study sample, we examined the association of fitness with incident diabetes in 46,979 patients from The Henry Ford ExercIse Testing (FIT) Project without diabetes at baseline. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fitness was measured during a clinician-referred treadmill stress test performed between 1991 and 2009. Incident diabetes was defined as a new diagnosis of diabetes on three separate consecutive encounters derived from electronic medical records or administrative claims files. Analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards models and were adjusted for diabetes risk factors. RESULTS The mean age was 53 years with 48% women and 27% black patients. Mean metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved was 9.5 (SD 3.0). During a median follow-up period of 5.2 years (interquartile range 2.6–8.3 years), there were 6,851 new diabetes cases (14.6%). After adjustment, patients achieving ≥12 METs had a 54% lower risk of incident diabetes compared with patients achieving &amp;lt;6 METs (hazard ratio 0.46 [95% CI 0.41, 0.51]; P-trend &amp;lt; 0.001). This relationship was preserved across strata of age, sex, race, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that higher fitness is associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes regardless of demographic characteristics and baseline risk factors. Future studies should examine the association between change in fitness over time and incident diabetes.