tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dual-Isotope 99mTc-MIBI/123I Parathyroid Scintigraphy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Stéphanie Hassler, Dorra Ben-Sellem, Fabrice Hubele, Andre Constantinesco, Christian Goetz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, the preoperative imaging objective is to locate accurately and reliably uniglandular or multiglandular hyperfunctioning parathyroid, to guide surgery, particularly for minimally invasive method. Subtraction planar scintigraphy with dual-isotope (I/Tc-MIBI) is an efficient examination to specify abnormal parathyroid location, but without accurate anatomic reference. This lack should be avoided by a hybrid SPECT/CT image acquisition.We compared planar scans (neck and mediastinum parallel-hole, associated with anterior neck pinhole) to neck and mediastinum SPECT/CT, all with subtraction (I/Tc-MIBI) method, in exact location of abnormal parathyroid in 50 patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical and histological findings were used as the standard of comparison.Sensitivity is equivalent for the 2 protocols (86% and 75% for SPECT/CT and planar protocol, respectively, P = 0.15), but SPECT/CT was highly specific (specificity 100% and 90% for SPECT/CT and planar protocol, respectively, P = 0.04). In patients with concomitant thyroid disease, subtraction SPECT/CT appeared to be more sensitive than planar protocol (88% and 62% for SPECT/CT and planar protocol, respectively, P = 0.04).In preoperative assessment of primary hyperparathyroidism and to guide surgery, we propose to perform first subtraction SPECT/CT and to complete it with neck pinhole, only if tomoscintigraphy is negative.
Effect of Chronic Pressure and Volume Overload on Left Heart Volumes in Subjects with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: GRAHAM A. H. MILLER, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Left heart volumes were determined angiographically in 50 subjects of whom 18 had no abnormality of the left heart, 12 had lesions causing pressure overload of the left ventricle, and 20 had lesions causing volume overload of the left ventricle. The left heart volumes were in the normal range in the presence of pressure overload, but, with volume overload, end-diastolic, end-systolic, and atrial volumes were in excess of normal. A linear relationship was demonstrated between end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, regardless of the pressure load on the ventricle. Thus, for all but one of the cases studied, total left ventricular ejection volume formed a nearly constant proportion of end-diastolic volume.
Ceritinib Treatment of Patients (PTS) with Alk-Rearranged (ALK+) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Brain Metastases: Ascend-1 Trial Experience
Authors: D.-W. Kim, R. Mehra, D. Tan, E. Felip, T. Szczudlo, K. Rodriguez Lorenc, S. Sutradhar, A.T. Shaw
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Functional human T-cell immunity and osteoprotegerin ligand control alveolar bone destruction in periodontal infection
Authors: Yen-Tung A. Teng, Hai Nguyen, Xuijuan Gao, Young-Yun Kong, Reginald M. Gorczynski, Bhagirath Singh, Richard P. Ellen, Josef M. Penninger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Periodontitis, a prime cause of tooth loss in humans, is implicated in the increased risk of systemic diseases such as heart failure, stroke, and bacterial pneumonia. The mechanisms by which periodontitis and antibacterial immunity lead to alveolar bone and tooth loss are poorly understood. To study the human immune response to specific periodontal infections, we transplanted human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HuPBLs) from periodontitis patients into NOD/SCID mice. Oral challenge of HuPBL-NOD/SCID mice with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a well-known Gram-negative anaerobic microorganism that causes human periodontitis, activates human CD4+ T cells in the periodontium and triggers local alveolar bone destruction. Human CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells or B cells, are identified as essential mediators of alveolar bone destruction. Stimulation of CD4+ T cells by A. actinomycetemcomitans induces production of osteoprotegerin ligand (OPG-L), a key modulator of osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation. In vivo inhibition of OPG-L function with the decoy receptor OPG diminishes alveolar bone destruction and reduces the number of periodontal osteoclasts after microbial challenge. These data imply that the molecular explanation for alveolar bone destruction observed in periodontal infections is mediated by microorganism-triggered induction of OPG-L expression on CD4+ T cells and the consequent activation of osteoclasts. Inhibition of OPG-L may thus have therapeutic value to prevent alveolar bone and/or tooth loss in human periodontitis.
Controlled study of excimer and pulsed dye lasers in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: S.M. Taibjee, S-T. Cheung, S. Laube, S.W. Lanigan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background and objectives The excimer laser delivers high energy monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) B at 308 nm. Advantages over conventional UV sources include targeting of lesional skin, reducing cumulative dose and inducing faster clearance. Studies of the pulsed dye laser (PDL) in psoriasis report between 57% and 82% response rates; remission may extend to 15 months. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing both excimer and PDL in psoriasis. Methods We conducted a within-patient controlled prospective trial of treatment of localized plaque psoriasis. Twenty-two adult patients, mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 7·1, were recruited. Fifteen patients completed the full treatment, of which 13 were followed up to 1 year. Two selected plaques were treated with excimer twice weekly and V Beam® PDL, pretreated with salicylic acid (SA), every 4 weeks, respectively. Two additional plaques, treated with SA alone or untreated, served as controls. The primary outcome measures were: (i) changes in plaque-modified Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index (PSI) scores from baseline to end of treatment; (ii) clinical response to treatment (CRT), assessed by serial photographs; (iii) percentage of plaques clear at the end of treatment; and (iv) percentage of plaques clear at 1-year follow-up. The secondary outcome measures were: (i) number of laser treatments to clearance; (ii) time to relapse; (iii) frequency of side-effects; and (iv) qualitative observations with SIAscope®. Results The mean improvement in PSI was 4·7 (SD 2·1) with excimer and 2·7 (SD 2·4) with PDL. PSI improvement was significantly greater in excimer than PDL (P = 0·003) or both control plaques (P < 0·001). CRT indicated 13 patients responded best with excimer, two patients best with PDL, and in seven patients there was no difference between the two lasers. CRT was significantly greater for excimer than PDL (P = 0·003) or both controls (P < 0·001). CRT was also significantly greater for PDL than SA alone (P = 0·004) or untreated control (P =0·002). Nine (41%) patients cleared with excimer, after mean 8·7, median 10 weeks treatment. Seven of these nine patients were followed up to 1 year; four remained clear, two relapsed at 1 month, and one at 6 months. Six (27%) patients cleared with PDL, after mean 3·3, median four treatments. All six patients were followed up to 1 year; four remained clear, one relapsed at 4 months and one at 9 months. Despite common side-effects including blistering and hyperpigmentation, patient satisfaction was high. Serial images obtained with the SIAscope® during treatment indicated different mechanisms of action of the two lasers. Conclusions Excimer and V Beam® PDL are useful treatments for plaque psoriasis. Although the excimer appears to be on average more efficacious, a subset of patients may respond better to PDL. Long-term remission is achievable with both lasers.
Corticosteroids and bone mass in asthma.
Authors: D M Reid, J J Nicoll, P Tothill, G Nuki
Journal: BMJ (1987)

tions may occur with exercise or other stresses, but the evidence for this in man could be obtained only directly from the cerebrospinal fluid, which is clearly not practical.In future it should be possible to investigate central opioid activity when there are more specific antagonist drugs, rather than naloxone or naltrexone, which have a preferential affinity for ,t receptors and an analgesic function.Another alternative is to use positron emission tomography with an opiate labelled ligand.I Finally, I also doubt whether it is significant that in the past six years all of the runners who have collapsed at the end of the Great North Run have been men-the entrants to such runs are predominantly men, in the ratio of about 10 to 1.
THE REACTION OF ABDOMINAL TUMORS TO RADIATION
Authors: ARTHUR U. DESJARDINS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The principles governing the effect of radiation on tumors in general apply with equal force to tumors within the abdomen. The only differences between tumors involving an abdominal organ or structure, and tumors arising elsewhere in the body, are such as may be due to differences in type and degree of specialization, and in anatomic, chemical and other metabolic relationships, including the distribution and supply of tissue fluids. The term "selective," frequently used to describe certain qualitative characteristics of roentgen or radium rays, is a misnomer, because radiations do not possess true selective power. Any differential action exerted by rays of a given type depends on the cellular sensitiveness of the tissues exposed. For instance, the pronounced and rapid destruction of the spermatogonia of the testes and of the circulating lymphocytes under a given dose of radiation is in striking contrast with the failure of a like dose to produce
SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN THE ACUTE DECOMPENSATED PHASE IS A NOVEL PREDICTOR FOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Tomohiro Hayashi, Takuya Hasegawa, Hideaki Kanzaki, Akira Funada, Yasuo Sugano, Takahiro Ohara, Satoshi Yasuda, Hisao Ogawa, Toshihisa Anzai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Talking It Out: Helping Our Patients Live Better While Dying
Authors: Meltem Zeytinoglu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Although dying is an inevitable part of the life cycle, there has been extensive political debate over end-of-life care. Participating in end-of-life care conversations can be emotionally challenging for everyone involved. Messages about serious or terminal illnesses can be very hard for patients and their families to hear, and physicians frequently struggle with the burden of delivering these messages. Still, evidence shows that conversations about end-of-life care options between physicians and patients can improve the quality of life of dying patients and help to relieve the emotional burden on surviving loved ones. Legislation to support these discussions by consistently reimbursing physicians for their time spent performing this service has been blocked on multiple occasions. More research on how to improve end-of-life care will enable health care providers to optimize treatment of their patients. Overcoming political divides to support end-of-life care conversations is needed to promote care that is consistent with patients' values and needs and is a key step in encouraging better quality of life for dying patients.
Malignant melanoma occurring as a second cancer following primary germ cell tumour in males: report of three cases
Authors: H.C. Chua, P.S. Mortimer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Malignant melanoma occurring as a second cancer following primary germ cell tumour in males: report of three cases Get access H.C. Chua, H.C. Chua Departments of Dermatology, St George's and Royal Marsden Hospitals, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.S. Mortimer P.S. Mortimer Departments of Dermatology, St George's and Royal Marsden Hospitals, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 4, 1 October 1992, Pages 448–449, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00474.x Published: 01 October 1992
Cryoprecipitate and Fibrinogen
Authors: Scott H. Goodnight
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Cryoprecipitate is now a widely available fraction of blood prepared by quickly freezing fresh plasma in a plastic bag and allowing it to thaw slowly at 4 °C. The precipitate that forms while the plasma is thawing in the cold may be separated from the supernatant, refrozen, and stored.  Pool and Shannon, 1 in an epic discovery during the early 1960s that revolutionized the care of patients with severe hemophilia A, showed that preparations of cryoprecipitate contained concentrated factor VIII. Since about half the clotting factor from an entire unit of blood was present in an extremely small volume (5 to 15 mL), effective and prolonged replacement therapy could be given to hemophiliacs to treat or prevent spontaneous, traumatic, or surgical bleeding.  Pool and Shannon 1 knew from the first that cryoprecipitate contained large amounts of fibrinogen in addition to antihemophilic globulin. However, it was not until several years later
Organ Donation after Cardiac Death
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Francis Delmonico and Michael Grodin on organ donation after cardiac death. (11:16)Download Although the numbers of organ donors and transplantations in the United States have more than doubled over the past 20 years (see line graph), the demand for organs continues to dwarf the supply. In 2006, there were about 29,000 solid-organ transplantations; as of June 2007, there were about 97,000 people on waiting lists for organ transplantation.About three of every four organs that are transplanted are recovered from deceased donors. The most rapid increase in the rate of organ recovery from deceased persons has occurred in the category of donation after “cardiac death” — that is, a death declared on the . . .
Trends in demand for emergency ambulance services in Wiltshire over nine years: observational study
Authors: H. Wrigley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Practicality and quality of implementationWe carried out this trial in everyday practice.We included thousands of women who might have received the 10 leaflets, but only 70% reported receiving one of them.Studies reported in the systematic review of decision aids were explanatory trials, with the implicit assumption that all patients received the intervention. 3 One conclusion might be that the systematic review showed that decision aids can be effective under certain circumstances but that our study showed that they are not necessarily effective in the real world. 7The pragmatic nature of our design may have affected the outcome, but that outcome represents a true picture of the impact of introducing the leaflets into routine practice.We thank midwives, managers, and administrative staff in the maternity units in Wales (unnamed to ensure confidentiality of participating units), who worked so hard to help us with data collection.We thank the thousands of women who completed our questionnaires at such an important time in their lives.
Medical Journals and Medical Reporting
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The public appetite for health information seems insatiable, as evidenced by the daily appearance in the news media of stories touting new medical breakthroughs, the proliferation of health-related Web sites, and the growth of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising.1 So important has media coverage of medical research become that many believe it sets the agenda not only for the public, but also for researchers and physicians.2 There is substantial concern that coverage of medicine by the news media is of uneven quality and that it sometimes misleads as much as it informs. In this issue of the Journal, Moynihan and colleagues report . . .
Michael Bevan: Setting up T cell selection
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

In the 1970s, Michael Bevan showed that T cells only recognize antigens in cells that have the same type of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule present in the thymus where the T cells mature. His work provided the first clues to how thymic self-MHC molecules select the cells that make up the mature T cell repertoire.
Low triiodothyronine concentration in preterm infants and subsequent intelligence quotient (IQ) at 8 year follow up
Authors: A Lucas, R Morley, M. Fewtrell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Prematurity is associated with clinically important changes in endocrine physiology. We have reported reduced plasma concentrations of many hormones in premature compared with full term infants, including prolactin,1 testosterone,2 and, notably, triiodothyronine.3 Thyroid hormones are critical signals for brain development.4 We showed a reduction of 7-9 points in scores in standardised mental and motor development tests at 18 months of age in preterm infants, even after adjustment for potential confounding factors.3 As cognitive function at 18 months may not reflect later intelligence quotient (IQ), we measured IQ in the same group of preterm infants 7.5-8 years later when scores are likely to reflect adult values.

We measured plasma triiodothyronine concentrations longitudinally in 279 infants in samples taken at 1-3 …
Expression and vasoconstrictor function of anorexigenic peptides neuromedin U-25 and S in the human cardiovascular system
Authors: J. D. Mitchell, J. J. Maguire, R. E. Kuc, A. P. Davenport
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Neuromedin U-25 (NMU-25), a brain-gut peptide with anorexigenic actions, was paired with the G-protein-coupled receptors NMU1 and NMU2 in 2000. NMU-25 elicited a potent hypertensive effect in rats but little is known about its cardiovascular effects in humans. We examined the hypothesis that NMU fulfils the criteria for controlling vascular reactivity within the human cardiovascular system.The radioligand [125I]-NMU-25 demonstrated specific, saturable, and high affinity (K(D) = 0.26 +/- 0.06 nM) binding in the human left ventricle and coronary artery, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that mRNA encoding NMU1 predominated in these tissues. NMU-25-like immunoreactivity was detected in human plasma, left ventricle, coronary artery, saphenous vein, and epicardial adipose tissue, and both NMU-25 and a related peptide, neuromedin S (NMS), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography in the left ventricle. NMU receptor and peptide were localized to endothelial cells, with the receptor also present on vascular smooth muscle cells. NMU-25 was a potent vasoconstrictor of isolated rings of human coronary and mammary artery and saphenous vein. Compared with NMU-25, NMS had a significantly reduced maximum response in saphenous vein, and the Arg165Trp variant of NMU-25, associated with childhood-onset obesity, was without effect. NMU-25 precursor mRNA was upregulated in the left ventricle from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and ischaemic heart disease.We have detected the expression of both NMU receptor and peptide in human cardiovascular tissues and have shown that NMU-25 and NMS act as potent vasoconstrictors in human vascular beds.
Comparison of proximal isovelocity surface area method with pressure half time method for evaluation of mitral valve area in patients undergoing balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Authors: T.N.Sunil Roy, Koshy Cherian, D. Vinayakumar, C.G. Sajeev, Francis Johnson, C.C. Velayudhan, K. Venugopal, M.N. Krishnan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Application of HPLC to the isolation of molecular targets in dosimetry studies.
Authors: R Balhorn, J A Mazrimas, M Corzett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are described which permit the rapid isolation of multiple target macromolecules from the tissues of animals exposed to chemical mutagens. DNA and selected chromosomal proteins are isolated in a simple two step separation scheme. Isolated nuclei are dissolved in 3 M guanidine hydrochloride and the DNA and chromosomal proteins separated on a TSK 3000 SW column. The DNA peak is retained for analysis and the chromatin proteins are dialyzed, lyophylized, and rechromatographed on a PRP-1 column to separate individual histones. Hemoglobin and albumin, two proteins that may prove useful for monitoring mutagen exposure, are isolated from 100 microL of blood by HPLC on a Poly Cat A cation exchange column. Using this approach, we have monitored the kinetics and dose response of adduct formation (and repair) to DNA, histone, hemoglobin and albumin in mice exposed to 7-bromomethylbenzanthracene and benzo[a]pyrene. The results of these studies are described and briefly discussed. Experiments with other mutagens demonstrate the limits to which DNA adduct quantification may be pushed using radioisotopes. Exposures to very high specific activity (200 Ci/mmole) benzo(a)pyrene have allowed DNA adduct quantification down to a few adducts per cell.
Exercise conditioning in older coronary patients. Submaximal lactate response and endurance capacity.
Authors: P A Ades, M L Waldmann, E T Poehlman, P Gray, E D Horton, E S Horton, M M LeWinter
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Older coronary patients are at high risk of cardiac disability. Exercise conditioning programs have been demonstrated to improve functional capacity, particularly in younger coronary patients. In this study, the effects of aerobic conditioning on submaximal and maximal indicators of exercise performance were examined in 45 older coronary patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-five patients (mean age, 69 +/- 6 years; range, 62 to 82 years) entered 3-month and 12-month (n = 11) endurance training programs. Training effects were assessed during an exhaustive submaximal exercise protocol with measurement of endurance time, serum lactate, perceived exertion, and expired ventilatory measures. Exhaustive endurance time increased by more than 40% (30 +/- 10 to 41 +/- 10 minutes), with associated decreases in serum lactate, perceived exertion, minute ventilation, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure during steady-state exercise. Respiratory exchange ratio during steady-state exercise, an indicator of substrate utilization, decreased, indicating a shift toward greater use of free fatty acids as a metabolic fuel. In a subset of 10 patients, percent body fat was decreased (32 +/- 8% to 29 +/- 10%) over a period of 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Older coronary patients respond to aerobic conditioning with remarkable improvements in submaximal endurance capacity, out of proportion to the more modest increases in VO2max. Activities that were exhaustive before training became sustainable for extended periods of time at a lower perceived exertion. Measurements of serum lactate, respiratory exchange ratio, and ventilation during steady-state exercise document that at an identical absolute work load after conditioning, exercise is performed using aerobic substrate to a greater degree, and ventilatory response to a given work load is lessened.
Giving visibility to accidentally swallowed toy
Authors: Kimberly Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Now, the invisible no longer has to be invisible when pediatricians treat children who swallow or inhale small plastic toys or their parts. Mattel Inc, Hawthorne, Calif, working with the Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Evanston, Ill, has introduced a process that uses barium sulfate (BaSo<sub>4</sub>) in plastic toy production. This process makes small toys and small pieces of toys radiopaque. And, to enhance the plastic's visibility during the retrieval process, the industry-physician team now is preparing a list of colors to use or avoid in manufacturing such toys. According to Charles Williams, vice-president of quality, safety, and integrity at Mattel, this is the first year that all loose small parts used in Mattel toys are being made with BaSo<sub>4</sub>. He adds that such small parts are legal and are used only in toys intended and labeled for children older