tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enterococcal Endocarditis
Authors: M. Glenn Koenig, Donald Kaye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

BACTERIAL endocarditis due to penicillin-sensitive streptococci has generally responded satisfactorily to antimicrobial therapy. In contrast, endocarditis resulting from penicillin-resistant streptococci, usually of the enterococcal group, has continued to cause significant therapeutic problems.Enterococci produce 5 to 15 per cent of all cases of bacterial endocarditis, and this incidence may be increasing.1 These organisms, which are relatively resistant to penicillin, may produce alpha, beta or gamma hemolysis. For this reason they are occasionally confused with penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus viridans or Group A streptococci. There are, however, several biologic characteristics that permit their differentiation from other streptococci. Among the most important are relative . . .
Pleiotropic platelet defects in mice with disrupted FOG1-NuRD interaction
Authors: Yuhuan Wang, Ronghua Meng, Vincent Hayes, Rudy Fuentes, Xiang Yu, Charles S. Abrams, Harry F. G. Heijnen, Gerd A. Blobel, Michael S. Marks, Mortimer Poncz
Journal: Blood (2011)
Health party demands audit to discover full cost to NHS of Hinchingbrooke "fiasco"
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The National Health Action Party has called for a “full fact finding inquiry” into the withdrawal of the private company Circle from running Hinchingbrooke Hospital in Cambridgeshire.

Clive Peedell, the party’s co-leader, said that politicians should stop arguing over who was responsible for the franchise “fiasco” and “lift the veil of commercial confidentiality.” He said, “We want a full audit to show how much this whole exercise has cost the NHS, including the costs of management time while negotiating the contract and what will need to …
Effect of propranolol and phentolamine on myocardial necrosis after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Authors: G Neil-Dwyer, P Walter, J M Cruickshank, B Doshi, P O'Gorman
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Abstract</h3> High dimensional, small sample size (HDSS) scRNA-seq data presents a challenge to the gene selection task in single cell. Conventional gene selection techniques are unstable and less reliable due to the fewer number of available samples which affects cell clustering and annotation. Here, we present an improved version of generative adversarial network (GAN) called LSH-GAN to address this issue by producing new realistic samples and combining this with the original scRNA-seq data. We update the training procedure of the generator of GAN using locality sensitive hashing which speeds up the sample generation, thus maintains the feasibility of applying gene selection procedures in high dimension scRNA-seq data. Experimental results show a significant improvement in the performance of benchmark feature (gene) selection techniques on generated samples of one synthetic and four HDSS scRNA-seq data. Comprehensive simulation study ensures the applicability of the model in the feature (gene) selection domain of HDSS scRNA-seq data. <h3>Availability</h3> The corresponding software is available at https://github.com/Snehalikalall/LSH-GAN
Clinical Remarks ON A CASE OF CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS OR SPOTTED FEVER TREATED BY LUMBAR PUNCTURE AND VACCINE INJECTIONS: WITH RECOVERY
Authors: H. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1907)

CEBEBP%SPINAL -FEVER BY INJECTIONS.[, T for 'letters and figures, that the remarkable difference is.observed.-I-have shown elsewhere that words as motor prooesses, which they are from one point of view, parrot-like reproductions of articulate sounds, must be -orgtized bilaterally in the balb and central ganglia, all' the muscles concemed in speech being bilaterally associtd, the.vord cell.groupsbeing ready for employment by the higher centres, and, in my opinion, this bilateral organiztiin '-tends as high-as the thirdftrcntali convolhitions.VWYd cell-groups exist in the right third frontal as well 'as .in the left, and are habitually employed in speaking in association with the left third frontal, the two being con- nected by commissural fibres of the corpus callosum.
'Blood Pressure Month' brings recommendations
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

There's good reason to celebrate National High Blood Pressure Month right now. "The 1984 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure," appearing in the current (May) issue of the American Medical Association'sArchives of Internal Medicine, reflects several significant events since the committee's 1980 report. Because these events—publication of major clinical trial results, introduction of new antihypertensive agents, evidence concerning effectiveness of nonpharmacologic treatment, and further analysis of data relating BP levels to the risk of premature morbidity and mortality—affect the successful management of hypertension, the report contains a number of new recommendations for physicians. Recommendations on the following topics are included: Screening and referral procedures. Classification according to BP levels. Use of nonpharmacologic therapies. Revised stepped-care approach. Management of mild hypertension. Patient-professional interaction. Management of BP in special groups including blacks, children, and pregnant women. In addition, according to committee member
GPs work same hours but spend longer with patients
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

GPs in the United Kingdom are seeing fewer patients than they were 14 years ago but spending more time with each patient, a survey has shown.

The survey also shows that full time GP partners are working an average of 44.4 hours a week, similar to in 1992-3. The BMA has said that the longer consultations reflect the increasing complexity of general practice and the fact that GPs are treating more patients who used to be cared for in hospital.

Laurence Buckman, chairman of the BMA's GPs' committee, said, “What has changed is the way we work. Intensity has rocketed. Patient care that used to routinely take place in a hospital setting—such as diabetic care, cardiac care, and asthma care, is now routinely done in general practice. It …
A PRACTICAL METHOD OF ABOLISHING THE CAUSE OF ONE-QUARTER OF THE UNNECESSARY BLINDNESS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Authors: F Park Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1906)

When an enlightened, civilized and progressive nation quietly and passively, year after year, permits a multitude of its people unnecessarily to become blind, and more especially when one-quarter of these are infants, the reason for such a startling condition of affairs demands explanation. That such is the fact practically all reliable ophthalmologists agree. From a summary of carefully tabulated statistics it has been demonstrated that at least four-tenths of all existing blindness might have been avoided had proper preventative or curative measures been employed, while one-quarter of this, or one-tenth of the whole, is due to ophthalmia neonatorum, an infectious, preventable and almost absolutely curable disease. Perhaps this statement will take on a new meaning when it is added that there are in the State of New York alone more than six thousand and in the United States more than fifty thousand blind people; of these, six hundred in the
Abstract B15: Repression of PDGFRA-targeting miR-34a promotes tumorigenesis in proneural malignant gliomas
Authors: Joachim Silber, Anders Jacobsen, Tatsuya Ozawa, Girish Harinath, Eric C. Holland, Chris Sander, Jason T. Huse
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Malignant gliomas - particularly glioblastoma (GBM) - continue to cause a disproportionate degree of morbidity and mortality within human oncology. Recent integrated genomics has demonstrated biologically distinct subclasses within malignant glioma that transcend conventional histopathological boundaries. Perhaps the broadest of these subclassess has been termed “proneural” and includes both a large fraction of GBMs along with most of their lower-grade astrocytic and oligodendroglial counterparts. The pathogenesis of proneural gliomas has been strongly linked to dysregulated PDGF signaling; but although genomic amplification or activating mutations involving the PDGF receptor (PDGFRA) characterize a significant subset of proneural GBMs, the mechanisms driving dysregulated PDGF signaling and downstream oncogenic networks in non-amplified/mutated tumors remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression on a pre-translational level by binding loosely to complimentary sequences in target mRNAs. The role of miRNA biology in numerous cancer variants is well established. In an analysis of miRNA involvement in the phenotypic expression and regulation of oncogenic PDGF signaling, we found that expression of miR-34a is responsive to PDGF pathway activation in vitro. Similarly, analysis of data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that expression of miR-34a is highly negatively correlated in proneural gliomas and in gliomas harboring amplified PDGFRA compared to other tumor subtypes. Using primary GBM cells maintained under neurosphere conditions, we then demonstrated that miR-34a specifically affects growth of proneural GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Using data from TCGA, we identified PDGFRA as a direct target of miR-34a and validated this interaction experimentally. Finally, we provided evidence for a p53-independent mechanism mediated by PDGF signaling for negative regulation of miR-34a in proneural tumors. Taken together, our data suggest reciprocal negative feedback regulation of miR-34 and PDGFRA expression in proneural gliomas and, as such, identify a subtype specific therapeutic potential for miR-34a. Citation Format: Joachim Silber, Anders Jacobsen, Tatsuya Ozawa, Girish Harinath, Eric C. Holland, Chris Sander, Jason T. Huse. Repression of PDGFRA-targeting miR-34a promotes tumorigenesis in proneural malignant gliomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B15.
Salmonellosis — A Review of Some Unusual Aspects
Authors: Paul H. Black, Lawrence J. Kunz, Morton N. Swartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE pathogenicity of salmonellae was first pointed out by Gärtner1 in 1888 in an epidemic of gastroenteritis. Since that time, many reports dealing with the bacteriology, clinical aspects, epidemiology and control of this disease have appeared. However, control has been obviously inadequate judging from the increasing incidence of the disease. Thus, MacCready et al.2 have observed a tenfold increase in incidence in Massachusetts from 1950 to 1956. Edwards3 has pointed out that, whereas typhoid fever has gradually declined during the period from 1946 to 1955, paratyphoid fever and other salmonella infections have increased sevenfold throughout the country.3 Moreover, it has . . .
MODIFICATION OF THE SIMPLE MASTOID OPERATION WHICH SHORTENS CONVALESCENCE BY FACILITATING WOUND REPAIR.
Authors: E. M. PLUMMER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It is the purpose of this paper to draw attention to a new method of operative procedure on the mastoid process, which we have employed with most successful results. We will briefly describe its technic, consider its peculiar problems, and state in detail such personal experience as will give a clear idea of its theory and practice. For a long time we had been convinced that the simple mastoid operation now in vogue for the mechanical relief of acute suppurative mastoiditis, with its accompaniment of unremitting pain, was greatly inadequate, and that there must be some means of improving on it. We refer especially to the long and tedious convalescence that invariably follows it, as shown by the statistics of the duration of wound repairs in our large aural clinics. Even if the case goes well, the time before cicatrization takes place varies from 4 to 8 weeks, and very
Spatial distribution of connexin43, the major cardiac gap junction protein, in the developing and adult rat heart.
Authors: M J van Kempen, C Fromaget, D Gros, A F Moorman, W H Lamers
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The developmental appearance and spatial distribution pattern of gap junctions were studied in prenatal and adult rat hearts. Gap junctions were visualized immunohistochemically with an antibody raised against a unique cytoplasmic epitope of connexin43, and the spatial distribution pattern was determined by three-dimensional reconstruction. The results demonstrate that from embryonic day 13 onward, connexin43 becomes detectable immunohistochemically in the myocardium of atria and ventricles. No expression is initially detectable in the myocardium of the sinus venosus, the sinoatrial node, the posterior wall of the atrium and pulmonary veins, the interatrial septum, the atrioventricular canal, including atrioventricular node and bundle, the interventricular septum, and the outflow tract. The developmental increase in the density of gap junctions in atria and ventricles of prenatal hearts correlates well with the reported developmental increase in conduction velocity. Whereas connexin43 becomes expressed in the derivatives of the sinus venosus (except for the sinoatrial node) and in the subepicardial layer of the ventricular free wall shortly before birth, it remains undetectable in the atrioventricular node and bundle and the proximal part of the ventricular conduction tissue, even in the adult heart. The apparent absence of an abundant expression of connexin43 at a location with a supposedly high conduction velocity (i.e., the atrioventricular bundle and bundle branches) is unexpected. These observations were confirmed in studies of the adult mouse heart, which showed, in addition, that connexin32 is not expressed in any part of the heart.
Reverse Discordant Behavior and Progressive Filiing of a Cold Nodule on Tc-99m Pertechnetate Thyroid Imaging
Authors: DENYS HUOT, QUOC TUAN TON-THAT, LUCIE CARRIER, MICHEL PICARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The authors report on a patient with reverse discordant behavior between Tc-99m pertechnetate and I-131 associated with progressive filling of a cold nodule on the Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Aspirin and gastric bleeding
Authors: J. M. Bone
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Correspondenc'method described in my first paper (8 May, 1965(8 May, , p. 1209)).The first tube contained urine alone, the second had 10 mg./100 ml.glucose added.The difference in the extinc- tiot.rfdings represented 10 mg./100 ml.-glucose, whatever the glucose loss, which in any case rarely exceeds 20%.This loss, incidentally, is partly due to charcoal .adsocptionand partly to residual antienzyme
Indian Supreme Court demands clarity on clinical trial approvals
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We conducted a population based time-trend analysis of all unplanned admissions to National Health Service hospitals for poisoning in preschool children (aged &lt;5 years) in England, between 2000 and 2011. Hospital admission rates for poisoning (medicinal and non-medicinal) decreased overall from 179 per 100 000 in 2000 to 139 per 100 000 in 2011 (rate ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.81). The relative risk of hospital admission from the most deprived quintile compared with the least deprived quintile reduced from 2.37 (95% CI 2.15 to 2.60) in 2001 to 1.54 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.70) in 2011. Poisoning admissions in preschool children have decreased by 23% over the past decade. Although social gradients have narrowed, those from the most deprived areas are at higher risk of poisoning, and may benefit from targeted schemes of home safety education in deprived areas.
139. Manufacture of a Replication-Selective and Enhanced-Lytic Adenovirus Vector
Authors: Moria Artlip, Sawako Ishikawa, Scott Jendrek, Dexter T.K. Poon
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A manufacturing process for a replication-selective adenovirus vector that has enhanced lytic capacity is described. Vector Ad- KD3, described in Doronin et al (2000), is produced in the qualified adherent A549 human lung carcinoma cell line. Monolayer cultures in 10-tier cell stacks were initially grown in the recommended serum containing media. To facilitate downstream purification by reducing protein (serum) burden, EXCELL™ 293 serum-free, phenol red- free media was used as the virus propagation/cell growth media from this point forward.
Loss of IL-15 receptor α alters the endurance, fatigability, and metabolic characteristics of mouse fast skeletal muscles
Authors: Emidio E. Pistilli, Sasha Bogdanovich, Fleur Garton, Nan Yang, Jason P. Gulbin, Jennifer D. Conner, Barbara G. Anderson, LeBris S. Quinn, Kathryn North, Rexford S. Ahima, Tejvir S. Khurana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) is a component of the heterotrimeric plasma membrane receptor for the pleiotropic cytokine IL-15. However, IL-15Rα is not merely an IL-15 receptor subunit, as mice lacking either IL-15 or IL-15Rα have unique phenotypes. IL-15 and IL-15Rα have been implicated in muscle phenotypes, but a role in muscle physiology has not been defined. Here, we have shown that loss of IL-15Rα induces a functional oxidative shift in fast muscles, substantially increasing fatigue resistance and exercise capacity. IL-15Rα–knockout (IL-15Rα–KO) mice ran greater distances and had greater ambulatory activity than controls. Fast muscles displayed fatigue resistance and a slower contractile phenotype. The molecular signature of these muscles included altered markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and calcium homeostasis. Morphologically, fast muscles had a greater number of muscle fibers, smaller fiber areas, and a greater ratio of nuclei to fiber area. The alterations of physiological properties and increased resistance to fatigue in fast muscles are consistent with a shift toward a slower, more oxidative phenotype. Consistent with a conserved functional role in humans, a genetic association was found between a SNP in the IL15RA gene and endurance in athletes stratified by sport. Therefore, we propose that IL-15Rα has a role in defining the phenotype of fast skeletal muscles in vivo.
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Risk of Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Lorenz Räber, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Circulation (2011)

P rimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred treatment for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) owing to improved vessel patency, decreased infarct size, lower rates of reinfarction, and improved survival compared with pharmacological reperfusion.However, stent thrombosis (ST) remains a major concern among STEMI patients with an excess 3-to 4-fold increased risk compared with PCI in an elective setting.In the present issue of Circulation, the Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial investigators provide a detailed report of the incidence, timing, and predictors of ST, specifically addressing the impact of stent type and antithrombotic regimen through 2 years. 1 Definite or probable ST was common (4.4%), with little more than half of events falling into the early period (Ͻ30 days), and the remainder being observed in the late period (up to 2 years), without apparent differences in terms of stent type and antithrombotic regimen. Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Stent TypeA recent systematic review comparing outcomes between drug-eluting stents (DES) and bare-metal stents (BMS) reported a 56% lower risk of repeat revascularization in favor of DES without differences in terms of death, MI, and ST. 2 A number of registry data extend the benefit of DES to more unselected patients undergoing primary PCI in routine clinical practice.Notwithstanding, there remains a nagging concern about the safety of DES in STEMI patients, particularly during long-term follow-up.What are the principal reasons underlying this clinical equipoise?
Giardiasis: Association with Homosexuality
Authors: MICHAEL J. SCHMERIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Giardiasis is a common gastrointestinal illness among travelers. Recently an increased prevalence of giardiasis in men who had not traveled outside New York City was seen at The New York Hospital and was found to be due to transmission of this disease among homosexuals. Cases of giardiasis for a 5-year period were then reviewed, and it was discovered that 19 male patients who had not traveled or had an immunodeficiency disease were homosexuals. This accounted for 22% of the adult men with giardiasis during that period. Adult women with giardiasis usually were either travelers or had an immunodeficiency disease (96%). It is important to obtain a sexual history in these patients and treat sexual contacts to prevent recurrent infection. Our findings are consistent with venereal transmission of giardiasis.
Long-term administration of isosorbide-5-mononitrate does not impair renal function in cirrhotic patients
Authors: F Salerno
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (Is-5-Mn), alone or combined with beta-blockers, has been proposed for prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. However, renal insufficiency, might be an important undesirable effect of this therapy, especially in patients with ascites. We assessed the changes in renal function induced in 26 cirrhotic patients by acute or chronic administration of Is-5-Mn. The acute administration of 20 mg of Is-5-Mn to 21 patients reduced mean blood pressure (83.4 +/- 2.4 vs. 92.8 +/- 3.4 mm Hg, P < .001), urine volume (5.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.7 +/- 1.1 mL/min, P < .05), urine sodium excretion (114 +/- 19 vs. 244 +/- 41 muEq/min, p < .001), urine potassium excretion (41 +/- 3.4 vs. 67 +/- 8.5 muEq/min, P < .001), and atrial natriuretic factor (74 +/- 10 vs. 98 +/- 12 pg/mL, P < .005). The glomerular filtration rate was decreased in the 11 patients with ascites (57 +/- 9 vs. 68 +/- 12 mL/min, P < .05), and plasma renin activity was increased in 4 ascitics. Twenty-one patients (16 from the acute study + 5 other patients) were given Is-5-Mn for 3 months at the dose of 80 mg/d. This did not affect blood pressure and renal function in patients without ascites, but reduced mean blood pressure (91.9 +/- 3.4 vs. 89.6 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < .05), urine volume (5.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.9 mL/min, P < .05), and urine sodium excretion (205 +/- 38 vs. 99 +/- 16 muEq/min, P < .01) in those with ascites. There were no changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, while plasma renin activity increased in only 3 patients with ascites and 1 without. Systemic hemodynamics and renal function of cirrhotic patients, especially those with ascites, are affected adversely by acute administration of Is-5-Mn. Long-term administration of the drug is well tolerated by compensated patients and does not affect renal plasma flow nor glomerular filtration rate, but can induce hypotension and sodium retention in patients with ascites.