tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is there a meaningful serum hepatitis B virus DNA cutoff level for therapeutic decisions in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection?
Authors: George V. Papatheodoridis, Emanuel K. Manesis, Spilios Manolakopoulos, Ioannis S. Elefsiniotis, John Goulis, John Giannousis, Antonios Bilalis, Georgia Kafiri, Dimitrios Tzourmakliotis, Athanasios J. Archimandritis
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract The diagnosis of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B indicating therapeutic intervention currently requires serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA ≥2,000 IU/mL. We evaluated the severity of liver histology and the presence of histological indication for treatment in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection focusing on those with low viremia and/or normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In total, 399 patients with increased ALT and detectable serum HBV DNA (chronic hepatitis B patients) and 35 cases with persistently normal ALT and HBV DNA &gt;2,000 IU/mL (inactive carriers) were included. Histological indication for treatment (grading score ≥7 and/or stage ≥2 in Ishak's classification) was found in 91% (185/203), 82% (75/91), 75% (47/63), and 62% (26/42) of chronic hepatitis B patients with HBV DNA ≥200,000, 20,000-199,999, 2,000-19,999, and &lt;2,000 IU/mL, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). Histological indication for treatment was more frequent in chronic hepatitis B patients with persistently elevated ALT (86% or 275/321), but it was also found in 74% (58/78) of those with transiently normal ALT ( P = 0.025). All inactive carriers had HBV DNA &lt;20,000 IU/mL. Histological indication for treatment was present in 17% (6/35) of inactive carriers always due to moderate (stage 2) fibrosis without active necroinflammation. Conclusion: HBeAg-negative chronic HBV patients with persistently or transiently increased ALT and HBV DNA ≥20,000 IU/mL almost always require therapeutic intervention, but histological indications for treatment are also present in the majority of such cases with HBV DNA &lt;20,000 and even &lt;2,000 IU/mL. In contrast, minimal histological lesions are observed in the majority of HBeAg-negative patients with persistently normal ALT and HBV DNA &gt;2,000 IU/mL, who may not require immediate liver biopsy and treatment but only close follow-up. (Hepatology 2008.)
P2-252: Analyses of clinical prognostic factors in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Cox regression analysis based on 789 patients from three consecutive randomized Phase II trials using gemcitabine and docetaxel
Authors: Corinna Eschbach, Lothar R. Pilz, Nicholas Thatcher, Cornelius Kortsik, Jörg Mezger, Kathrin Schott von Römer, Christian Manegold
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CHA2DS2-VASC SCORE FOR RISK IDENTIFICATION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DUE TO CORONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: Tatsuhiro Shibata, Teruo Noguchi, Shoji Kawakami, Masaharu Ishihara, Yoichi Goto, Hisao Ogawa, Satoshi Yasuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Structured education for people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sean F Dinneen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A step towards a more patient centred approach to delivery of care

Effective self management is the cornerstone of good care for people with diabetes. High quality structured education that prepares people for a lifetime with the condition is a key enabler of self management. The term structured education programme was defined by a patient education working group in 2005 (box).1 A good example of such a programme for patients with type 1 diabetes is the DAFNE (dose adjustment for normal eating) programme,2 which has been endorsed by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance.3

#### Key criteria of a structured education programme

High quality trials of structured education for people with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom have been …
Reduced valve replacement surgery and complication rate in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis patients receiving acetyl-salicylic acid
Authors: Damon P. Eisen, G. Ralph Corey, Emma S. McBryde, Vance G. Fowler, Jose M. Miro, Chris H. Cabell, Alan C. Street, Marcelo Goulart Paiva, Adina Ionac, Ru-San Tan, Christophe Tribouilloy, Orathai Pachirat, Sandra Braun Jones, Natalia Chipigina, Christoph Naber, Angelo Pan, Veronica Ravasio, Rainer Gattringer, Vivian H. Chu, Arnold S. Bayer
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Health Insurance Caps
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE LIVER AS THE SOURCE OF FIBRINOGEN
Authors: D. R. Drury, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

In hepatectomized rabbits a progressive decrease in blood fibrinogen occurs. Partial defibrination in the liverless rabbit invariably results in a progressive decrease in blood fibrinogen preceded by a temporary and slight rise. No evidence has been secured of fibrinogen regeneration in the absence of the liver. From this it follows that the liver is the essential source of fibrinogen and in all probability the sole one.
Abstract 4596: LIN28B drives neuroblastoma oncogenesis through let7-MYCN signaling.
Authors: Johannes H. Schulte, Jan Molenaar, Sven Lindner, Alexander Schramm, Pieter Mestdagh, Frank Speleman, Rogier Versteeg, Angelika Eggert
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract LIN28B regulates developmental processes by modulating miRNAs of the let-7 family. A role for LIN28B in cancer has been proposed, but has not been established in vivo. We report LIN28B amplification or overexpression in high risk neuroblastoma. LIN28B repressed let-7 family miRNAs and induced MYCN expression in neuroblastoma cells in vitro. LIN28B-let-7-MYCN signaling induced proliferation and blocked differentiation of normal neuroblasts and neuroblastoma cells. The effect of LIN28B knock-down was rescued by overexpression of let-7-resistant MYCN. To analyse the tumor-initiating capacity and oncogenicity of Lin28b in vivo, mice were generated by knock-in of the CAG-LSL-Lin28b-IRES-Luciferse vector (LSL-Lin28b) into the ROSA26 locus. Crossbreeding these mice with DBH-iCre mice targeted Lin28b expression to the neural crest. Abdominal tumors developed in 7 of 18 DBHiCre;LSL-Lin28b mice at 36-62 days of age. Autopsy revealed uni- or bilateral adrenal tumors in all mice, reflecting the most frequent localization of human NB. Tumors consisted of small round blue cells and expressed the NB markers, DBH, TH and Phox2b. The macroscopic tumor appearance, primary tumor sites, tumor histology and marker gene expression confirmed these tumors as NB. Successful serial transplantation supported that the primary tumors from this model system were fully transformed malignant tumors. Both the Lin28b and MYCN proteins were strongly expressed in all tumors and members of the let-7 miRNA family were significantly downregulated. We demonstrate that overexpressing Lin28b in the neural crest can drive NB tumor formation in mice, supporting LIN28B as an important oncogene for NB and potentially for other malignancies. Therapeutic approaches aimed at inhibiting Lin28b or let-7 family re-expression may be useful therapeutic approaches to circumvent MYCN addiction in NB. Citation Format: Johannes H. Schulte, Jan Molenaar, Sven Lindner, Alexander Schramm, Pieter Mestdagh, Frank Speleman, Rogier Versteeg, Angelika Eggert. LIN28B drives neuroblastoma oncogenesis through let7-MYCN signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4596. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4596
Mortality from ischaemic heart disease among patients using anticonvulsive drugs: a case-control study.
Authors: A Muuronen, M Kaste, E A Nikkila, E M Tolppanen
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Patients who use phenytoin and some other anticonvulsive drugs have been shown to have raised concentrations of plasma high density lipoprotein. As this lipoprotein is known to be inversely associated with the incidence of ischaemic heart disease the causes of death of all patients with epilepsy known to be taking anticonvulsive drugs who died during 1978-80 were studied. Of 1399 deaths of anticonvulsant users, 258 (18.4%) were caused by ischaemic heart disease. This was significantly less (p less than 0.001) than the 382 deaths from ischaemic heart disease (27.3%) observed among paired controls matched for sex, age, and date of death. The total cardiovascular mortality was also lower among patients with epilepsy than among controls (p less than 0.02) despite there being more deaths due to cerebrovascular disease among patients. The difference in mortality from ischaemic heart disease was significant for both sexes and was not accounted for by excess deaths due to any other single cause. Users of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and barbiturates (alone or in combination) showed 29% less mortality due to ischaemic heart disease than respective controls (p less than 0.001).
Brucellosis of the Bones and Joints
Authors: Patrick J. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Among the 36 cases of brucellosis here reported there were 22 in which the diagnosis was based on actual culture of brucellar organisms and 14 in which it was based on serologic evidence alone. Twenty-nine patients were farmers, and the others had all come into contact somehow with meat or milk from infected herds. The course of brucellar osteomyelitis was chronic and it was the hardest of all lesions to treat successfully. Secondary invading organisms often appeared and sometimes persisted after cultures had become negative for Brucella. Spondylitis was frequent, and in 11 cases it was destructive. Most patients were treated with streptomycin and either tetracycline or sulfadiazine, vestibular function being tested periodically to detect early signs of injury to the eighth cranial nerve. For patients with brucellosis of the bones and joints the authors recommend aggressive surgical treatment.
Acute Exacerbation of Ankylosing Spondylitis After an Iron Dextran Infusion
Authors: RONALD I. CANTOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

An acute exacerbation of spondylitis developed after an intravenous infusion of iron dextran in a 49-year-old patient with known ankylosing spondylitis. The acute inflammatory reaction seems analogous to that observed recently in rheumatoid arthritis. Underlying arthritis of a nonspecific nature may be a necessary requirement for the iron-induced reaction (which may be owing to the effect of iron on pyrophosphatase) to occur.
FILTRABLE TOXINS OF TUBERCLE BACILLI AND PRODUCTION OF ANTITOXIC SERUM IN SHEEP
Authors: FREDERICK EBERSON
Journal: JAMA (1928)

During the past four years, studies of tuberculosis in patients and animals with special reference to diagnostic cutaneous reactions and allied phenomena of sensitization<sup>1</sup>have led me to investigate more critically a phase of experimental tuberculosis that has not received much attention in recent years. There is compelling clinical and pathologic evidence of the important part played by toxemia in the disease. Therefore, the likelihood of a filtrable toxin acting apart from the bacterial cell substance is, in reality, not a new idea. A hint in this direction had already been given by Marmorek<sup>2</sup>and by Denys,<sup>3</sup>both of whom, however, did not offer proof of the presence of a toxin. During the same period and somewhat earlier, Spengler<sup>4</sup>had attempted immunization of guinea-pigs with a filtrate prepared from tubercle bacillus cultures. All these studies, concerned primarily with attempts at possible therapy, lacked the requirements to
GATA1-Cre mediates Piga gene inactivation in the erythroid/megakaryocytic lineage and leads to circulating red cells with a partial deficiency in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol–linked proteins (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria type II cells)
Authors: Marek Jasinski, Peter Keller, Yuko Fujiwara, Stuart H. Orkin, Monica Bessler
Journal: Blood (2001)
Promotion and Acceleration of Diabetic Ulcer Healing by Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid (RGD) Peptide Matrix
Authors: David L Steed, John J Ricotta, J Joseph Prendergast, Robert J Kaplan, Marshall W Webster, Janet B McGill, Sherwyn L Schwartz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and safety of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide matrix in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized placebo-controlled investigator- and patient-blinded prospective multicenter investigation was conducted at three institutional and three private U.S. clinics providing ambulatory care. Sixty-five diabetic patients with chronic full-thickness neurotrophic foot ulcers were enrolled. Six discontinued the study because of adverse events. RGD peptide matrix (Argidene Gel; formerly Telio-Derm Gel) was applied topically twice weekly for up to 10 weeks in patients who otherwise received standard care. Control group patients received topical saline as a placebo plus standard care. The primary method of assessment was the incidence and rate of ulcer closure. All patients enrolled were included in the data analysis. RESULTS The percentage of patients whose ulcers healed completely in the RGD peptide matrix group (35%; 14 of 40 patients) was over fourfold greater (P = 0.02) than that in the placebo group (8%; 2 of 25 patients). By the study end point (either day of healing or week 10), 30 of 40 (75%) RGD peptide matrix patients had achieved &amp;gt;50% ulcer closure compared with 12 of 25 (48%) placebo patients (P = 0.03). RGD peptide matrix also significantly (P = 0.03) increased the rate of ulcer closure over the 10 weeks of the study. CONCLUSIONS RGD peptide matrix treatment promoted and accelerated the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers to a significant degree.
T‐cell activation in occupational asthma and rhinitis
Authors: E. Mamessier, F. Milhe, C. Guillot, J. Birnbaum, P. Dupuy, A.‐M. Lorec, D. Vervloet, A. Magnan
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Allergic asthma and rhinitis are described as associated with a Th2 activation. However, recent works indicate that a Th1 activation can also be associated with these diseases, concomitantly to a defect in regulatory T (Treg) cell activation. Occupational asthma (OA) and occupational rhinitis (OR) are peculiar cases of these diseases in which the T‐cell activation profile is largely unknown. Objective: To characterize T‐cell activation induced after a specific inhalation test (SIT) in OA and OR. Material and methods: A total of 21 subjects with OA, 10 subjects with OR, 10 exposed nonallergic (ENA) subjects, and 14 healthy volunteers were included. The SIT with the incriminated substance was performed in patients and ENA subjects. Blood and induced sputum were obtained before and after SIT. T cells were analysed for CD69, CD25, IL‐13, and IFN‐ γ expression by flow cytometry. IL‐4 and IFN‐ γ were assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in cell culture supernatants. Treg cells were identified as CD4 + CD25 + high CD45RO + CD69 − T cells in peripheral blood. Results: Baseline IFN‐ γ production was decreased in OA and OR compared with controls. The SIT induced an increase in both Th1 and Th2 cells in blood and sputum from OA. In this group, the proportion of peripheral Treg cells decreased after SIT. Similar results were found in the CD8 + population. ELISA assays were concordant with flow cytometry. In OR, an attenuated activation profile was found, with an increase in the proportion of IL‐13‐producing T cells after SIT. By contrast, in ENA subjects, SIT induced Th2 activation, with an increase in Treg cells and a decrease in Th1 cells. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a gradient of T‐cell activation from a tolerating profile in ENA subjects to an inflammatory profile in OA, with an intermediate stage in OR.
Clopidogrel in Infants with Systemic-to-Pulmonary-Artery Shunts
Authors: David L. Wessel, Felix Berger, Jennifer S. Li, Ingo Dähnert, Amit Rakhit, Sylvie Fontecave, Jane W. Newburger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease palliated with placement of a systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt are at risk for shunt thrombosis and death. We investigated whether the addition of clopidogrel to conventional therapy reduces mortality from any cause and morbidity related to the shunt.In a multicenter, double-blind, event-driven trial, we randomly assigned infants 92 days of age or younger with cyanotic congenital heart disease and a systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt to receive clopidogrel at a dose of 0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day (467 infants) or placebo (439 infants), in addition to conventional therapy (including aspirin in 87.9% of infants). The primary efficacy end point was a composite of death or heart transplantation, shunt thrombosis, or performance of a cardiac procedure due to an event considered to be thrombotic in nature before 120 days of age.The rate of the composite primary end point did not differ significantly between the clopidogrel group (19.1%) and the placebo group (20.5%) (absolute risk difference, 1.4 percentage points; relative risk reduction with clopidogrel, 11.1%; 95% confidence interval, -19.2 to 33.6; P=0.43), nor did the rates of the three components of the composite primary end point. There was no significant benefit of clopidogrel treatment in any subgroup, including subgroups defined by shunt type. Clopidogrel recipients and placebo recipients had similar rates of overall bleeding (18.8% and 20.2%, respectively) and severe bleeding (4.1% and 3.4%, respectively).Clopidogrel therapy in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease palliated with a systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt, most of whom received concomitant aspirin therapy, did not reduce either mortality from any cause or shunt-related morbidity. (Funded by Sanofi-Aventis and Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00396877.).
Impaired anamnestic cellular immune response in patients with Crohn's disease.
Authors: S G Meuwissen, P T Schellekens, L Huismans, G N Tytgat
Journal: Gut (1975)

The cellular immune system was studied in patients with Crohn9s disease (CD), not receiving corticosteroids, or azathioprine, by means of in vitro and in vivo methods. It was found, that the in vitro lymphocyte reactivity of 54 CD patients after stimulation with a cocktail of antigens (varidase, trichophyton, candida, mumps, and PPD) was significantly depressed when compared with the response of 20 simultaneously cultured healthy controls (p less than 0-001) or a group of 54 separately cultured healthy controls, matched for age and sex (p less than 0-001). The lymphocyte response of a control group of 18 patients with malnutrition or malabsorption without any evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, was higher than the response of an equal number of CD cases, although the difference failed to reach significance. Intradermally injection of the same five antigens, as used in the antigen cocktail, showed a failure to react to any antigen in 13 out of 48 CD patients, in comparison with three of 48 matched healthy controls (p less than 0-01). In both CD patients, as well as in healthy controls a significant correlation could be demonstrated between the number of positive skin tests, the area of skin induration, and the in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness after stimulation with the antigen cocktail. In the CD group no correlation was found between in vitro responsiveness and disease activity, as defined by a score of clinical and biochemical parameters. The depressed skin reactivity and the hyporesponsiveness in the lymphocyte transformation test after stimulation by an antigen cocktail suggest that depression of the anamnestic cellular immune response is a basic feature in patients with Crohn9s disease.
Antidepressant Treatment and Relapse of Depression During Pregnancy
Authors: Adam C. Urato
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Single- vs Divided-Dose Ceftriaxone Therapy for Meningitis
Authors: Carol A. McCarthy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  Jacobs and colleagues 1 recently presented a BRIEF REPORT of a child from whom Haemophilus influenzae type b was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 72 hours into therapy with ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg intravenously every 12 hours) for pneumonia and bacteremia. As the authors mention, delayed sterilization of the CSF does occur and has been reported with ampicillin and chloramphenicol as well as the cephalosporins. Certainly, the goal of antimicrobial therapy in bacterial meningitis is to sterilize the CSF as quickly as possible. The authors' concluding statement, however, which emphasizes caution with the use of a single daily dose of ceftriaxone, is not warranted. Although the company's package insert recommends that meningitis be treated with a total daily dose of up to 100 mg/kg (up to 4 g), divided every 12 hours with or without an initial loading dose of 75 mg/kg, Congeni et al 2 and
SARS — Looking Back over the First 100 Days
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Each winter, a number of surveillance networks are put in place to detect unusual outbreaks of severe respiratory disease. Last winter, although there had been some minor activity, nothing serious came up until late February 2003, when Dr. Carlo Urbani alerted the World Health Organization (WHO) that there was a novel form of severe pneumonia at a hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. The pneumonia had a peculiar hallmark: health care workers were being stricken at an alarming rate. With this key observation and many negative diagnostic tests for known pathogens, it became clear that we had a new disease, severe acute . . .