tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early detection of cancer: lessons from lung cancer CT screening
Authors: L Paleari, A Cesario, P Granone, R Maria D’Angelillo, P Russo
Journal: Thorax (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Significant prior evidence indicates that centrally acting oxytocin robustly modulates stress responsiveness and anxiety-like behavior, although the neural mechanisms behind these effects are not completely understood. A plausible neural basis for oxytocin mediated stress reduction is via inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) that regulate activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Previously, we have shown that following subcutaneous injection of 2.0 M NaCl, oxytocin (OT) synthesizing neurons are activated in the rat PVN, an oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) dependent inhibitory tone develops on a subset of parvocellular neurons, and stress-mediated increases in plasma corticosterone levels are blunted. Here, we utilized transgenic male CRH-reporter mice to selectively target PVN CRH neurons for whole-cell recordings. These experiments reveal that acute salt loading produces tonic inhibition of PVN CRH neurons through a mechanism that is largely independent of synaptic activity. Further studies reveal that CRH neurons within the PVN synthesize mRNA for Oxtr(s). Salt induced Oxtr-dependent inhibitory tone was eliminated in individual PVN CRH neurons filled with GDP-β-S, and was also largely absent in PVN CRH neurons extracted form CRH-Oxtr KO mice. Additional electrophysiological studies suggest that reduced excitability of PVN CRH neurons in salt loaded animals is associated with increased activation of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Collectively, these data reveal a likely cellular mechanism by which endogenous oxytocin signaling reduces the excitability of PVN CRH neurons to curb stress responsiveness during times of high plasma osmolality.
Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Authors: Edmond S. Rahme
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The experience of the authors contradicts the statements usually made that chronic subdural hematoma is rare in adolescents and young adults. Because of this error the possibility of subdural hematoma is often neglected in the differential diagnosis of conditions in this age group. Reviewing the histories of 80 patients with chronic subdural hematoma, the authors found 15 patients between the ages of 5 and 40 years. Head injury was the predominant cause. Headache and alteration in the state of responsiveness were the most common symptoms. The pineal gland, visualized in 4 patients, was not found to be displaced. Ventriculography was the definitive diagnostic procedure. One patient died postoperatively of complicating meningitis.
Regular, Filter-Tip, and Modified Cigarettes
Authors: Alfred Kershbaum
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A recent report from the Roswell Park Memorial Institute, at Buffalo, 1,2 stated that filter-tip cigarettes did not effectively remove tars and nicotine from cigarette smoke. The study was based on an analysis of the tar and nicotine content of the smoke of nine brands of filter-tip cigarettes, and it was concluded that filters did not protect the smoker against the health hazards of smoking.  We have previously investigated certain biochemical and pharmacological effects of cigarette smoking 3-6 and felt it would be of interest to determine the influence of filters and other cigarette modifications on these effects. This report presents the results of a comparative study of the effect on nicotine excretion, free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization, and catecholamine excretion of regular and filter-tip cigarettes, pipe tobacco cigarettes, and lettuce leaf cigarettes.  Method of Study.—  Six normal men, ages 28 to 45, participated in this study. All were habitual
Raised intracranial pressure due to large intracranial xanthoma.
Authors: A Rees, G Lee, J Stocks, M A Vella, J Katz, D J Galton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation unique: hypertension intracrânienne (nausees, vomissements, cephalees) chez un homme de 31 ans porteur de xanthomes tendineux et sous-cutanes nombreux. La tomographie avec traitement informatique et l'angiographie montrent une tumeur des fosses moyenne et posterieure droites. Traitement chirurgical efficace. La masse est un xanthome volumineux, enleve en totalite
Screening for Heterozygous Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: JACK LIEBERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Screening to detect heterozygous alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency was done in 400 acutely and chronically ill patients without pulmonary disease. Electrophoresis of serum proteins on cellulose-acetate membranes was followed by an enzymatic assay of inhibitor on those sera with less than 0.25 g/100 ml alpha1-globulin. Forty-eight patients had gross electrophoretic abnormalities of gamma globulin, alpha2-globulin, or of total protein content with normal alpha1globulin or antitrypsin activity. This included all patients with nephrosis and cirrhosis. Seventeen patients had antitrypsin levels in the heterozygous range, and nine of these had a disease that could potentially affect protein metabolism. Adequate family studies performed in six of these nine patients substantiated the heterozygous state. No other protein abnormalities or disease states have been found to produce falsely low antitrypsin levels. The method does not falsely identify normal individuals as heterozygotes when other gross serum protein abnormalities exist.
General practitioners' use of electrocardiography: relevance to early thrombolytic treatment.
Authors: M. C. Colquhoun
Journal: BMJ (1989)

La plupart des generalistes peuvent enregistrer des EC G notamment en cas de suspicion d'infarctus du myocarde, mais peu d'entre eux le font couramment en dehors des services hospitaliers et ne commencent donc pas le traitement thrombolytique aussitot
Value of Dual-Phase 2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Tzu-Chen Yen, Koon-Kwan Ng, Shih-Ya Ma, Hung-Hsueh Chou, Chien-Sheng Tsai, Swei Hsueh, Ting-Chang Chang, Ji-Hong Hong, Lai-Chu See, Wuu-Jyh Lin, Jenn-Tzong Chen, Kuan-Gen Huang, Kar-Wai Lui, Chyong-Huey Lai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

The role of positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) in cervical cancer has not yet been well defined. We conducted a prospective study to investigate its efficacy in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography (MRI-CT).Patients with untreated locally advanced (35%) or recurrent (65%) cervical cancer were enrolled onto this study. In the first part of this study, 41 patients had a conventional FDG-PET (40 minutes after injection), and in the second part, 94 patients received dual-phase PET (at both 40 minutes and 3 hours after injection). The overall results of PET scans were compared with MRI-CT, and the two protocols of PET were also compared with each other. Lesion status was determined by pathology results or clinical follow-up. The receiver operating characteristic curve method with area under the curve (AUC) calculation was used to evaluate the discriminative power.Overall (N = 135), FDG-PET was significantly superior to MRI-CT in identifying metastatic lesions (AUC, 0.971 v 0.879; P =.039), although the diagnostic accuracy was similar for local tumors. Dual-phase PET was also significantly better than the 40-minute PET (n = 94). The latter accurately recognized 70% of metastatic lesions and the former detected 90% (AUC, 0.943 v 0.951; P =.007). Dual-phase FDG-PET changed treatment of 29 patients (31%; upstaging 27% and downstaging 4%).This study shows that dual-phase FDG-PET is superior to conventional FDG-PET or MRI-CT in the evaluation of metastatic lesions in locally advanced or recurrent cervical cancer.
Intestinal structure and function related to toxicology.
Authors: R K Crane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The study of toxic effects on small intestinal function is complicated by the integration of the activity of the small intestine with the activities of other regions of the GI tract. Also, the barrier and portal functions of the intestine are not as clearly defined as sometimes assumed. The intestinal surface functions as a barrier to the ingress of large quantities of large water soluble molecules. Lipidic substances enter the body quite readily as do small water-soluble molecules. The small intestinal surface is more a portal than a barrier, with its portal functions divided between nonspecific diffusional entry, which depends on physical properties and electric charge, and entry by specific membrane transport, which depends upon chemical structure. The implications of these properties of the small intestine for toxicological studies are stressed.
PlexinA1 is a new Slit receptor and mediates axon guidance function of Slit C-terminal fragments
Authors: Céline Delloye-Bourgeois, Arnaud Jacquier, Camille Charoy, Florie Reynaud, Homaira Nawabi, Karine Thoinet, Karine Kindbeiter, Yutaka Yoshida, Yvrick Zagar, Youxin Kong, Yvonne E Jones, Julien Falk, Alain Chédotal, Valérie Castellani
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Renal Amyloidosis with Nephrotic Syndrome Associated with Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: EDWARD LITTMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A patient who had had retroperitoneal fibrosis since 1960 developed nephrotic syndrome 9 years later. Renal biopsy material showing amyloidosis and retroperitoneal fibrosis involving the contralateral ureter was found at surgery for ureteral obstruction. The chronic inflammatory process that characterizes retroperitoneal fibrosis is similar to that seen in other disorders that have been associated with amyloidosis. Retroperitoneal fibrosis may be related to amyloidosis in the same way that other chronic inflammatory diseases are. This is the first report of these two disorders occurring together.
Intravenous diazepam administration
Authors: W. Friedenberg
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  One predisposing factor was omitted in the article by Langdon et al (223:184, 1973) describing thrombophlebitis following intravenous injection of diazepam. In the package insert, the manufacturer cautions that injectable diazepam (Valium) should not be mixed or diluted with other solutions or drugs, nor added to intravenous fluids. The manufacturer responded to our inquiry concerning the reason for this restriction, by explaining that injectable diazepam has very low solubility in water and aqueous solutions. For this reason, it was buffered with a formulation including benzoate sodium. Dilution of the solvent system results in precipitation of the diazepam. If the solution is then acidified, a precipitate of benzoic acid will result, which may coprecipitate with the drug.  Langdon et al do not describe whether they injected the drug directly into the vein or through a tube. Since, in some of their patients, more than 10 mg was injected, the
Ocular Effects of Gravity Inversion
Authors: Patrick S. O'Connor, Robert H. Poirier
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Friberg and Weinreb 1 recently reported the occurrence of increased intraocular pressure with the head-down position, and suggested that patients with certain conditions, including glaucoma, should refrain from inversion altogether.  Report of a Case.—  We recently saw a 68-year-old athletic physician in excellent health who was first examined in January 1975, for an increase in his cup-disc ratio of 0.6 on the right and 0.7 on the left. Pressures at that time were 18 in both eyes on six separate occasions, and tonography revealed a C value of 0.24 on the right and 0.13 on the left. Visual fields were normal. From 1975 through 1980, applanation pressures taken at different times during the day were always below 21 mm Hg. At the time of reevaluation in February 1981, a small arcuate scotoma was identified in the left eye and early posterior subcapsular cataracts were identified in both
Health secretary puts 11 hospital trusts in England into special measures
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Eleven of 14 hospital trusts in England that were singled out in February for having higher than expected death rates have been put into “special measures” by the government and given 12 months to act on all the recommendations made in a review to improve the quality of care they provide.

All the 14 hospitals that underwent a “deep dive” review were found to have serious problems similar to those seen at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, though not on the same scale, said the medical director of the NHS in England, Bruce Keogh, who led the review. 

The review team said they could not say that similar poor standards would not be found in hospitals around the country. Keogh said the review was a call for improvement in mediocre hospitals in England.

The prime minister, David Cameron, …
NHS needs to produce more doctors, says BMA chairman
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The continuing reliance on overseas doctors to keep NHS services afloat was condemned this week by the BMA's chairman, Mr James Johnson, in his keynote speech to representatives in Llandudno.

After more than 50 years of the NHS Mr Johnson said it was time that the NHS was self sufficient in producing the doctors it needs to provide the nation's health care.

“We have relied on other countries to fill our NHS manpower gaps, both for nurses and …
Exhaled nitric oxide in a population‐based study of asthma and allergy in schoolchildren
Authors: S. L. Nordvall, C. Janson, P. Kalm‐Stephens, T. Foucard, K. Torén, K. Alving
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) reflects inflammation in the lower airways and is well adapted for use in children. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of the fraction of expired NO (FE NO ) in school children and to compare FE NO and spirometry in relation to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The study was performed in 959 randomly selected 13–14‐year‐old school children in Uppsala, Sweden. Exhaled NO was measured at an inhalation rate of 0.1 l/s (FE NO0.1 ) and a spirometric test was performed and data from these measurements were related to questionnaire data. Exhaled NO was measured according to American Thoracic Society recommendations, except the use of a mouth wash and an exhalation flow rate of 0.1 l/s. The distribution of the mean FE NO0.1 values was skewed, with a preponderance of very low levels and a widespread tail of values ranging up to 102 parts per billion (ppb). Boys exhibited significantly higher mean FE NO0.1 values than girls, 5.2 (4.7–5.7) vs 4.4 (4.0–4.8) ppb (geometric mean and 95% CI), P &lt; 0.01). Children who reported wheezing in the last year had higher FE NO0.1 values than children that had not, 8.5 (7.1–10.2) vs 4.3 (4.0–4.6) ppb, P &lt; 0.001). The same association was found to most symptoms indicating hay fever and eczema. In contrast to this, only weak or inconsistent associations were found between asthma and spirometric indices. Exhaled NO levels were found to be independently related to male gender, wheeze and rhinoconjuctivitis but not to current eczema. In conclusion, exhaled NO was closely associated with reported asthma and allergy symptoms whereas spirometric indices such as percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s were not. As most asthma cases in a population are mild, the findings suggest that exhaled NO is a sensitive marker of asthma and allergy.
Improving the Science and Politics of Quality Improvement
Authors: J. Randall Curtis, Mitchell M. Levy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Crichton's Criticisms
Authors: Neill F. David
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  A recent issue of The New England Journal of Medicine (293:1257, 1975) published Michael Crichton's criticisms of attempts at report writing by medical scientists— poor flow of ideas, verbiage, redundancy, repetition, wrong words, poor syntax, excessive abstraction, unnecessary complexity, excessive compression, unnecessary qualification. Readers who do not have access to The New England Journal of Medicine will find an abstract of Crichton's article in the Jan 12, 1976, issue of Time .  From what I read in medical journals and from what I see from time to time in your editorial pages, I believe that Crichton's criticisms are justified.  As far as I know, Crichton, although he holds an MD degree from Harvard, does not practice medicine nor does he usually write articles for medical journals. He is a highly successful, talented novelist. Would he be equally successful at writing a medical case report? I wager that he
The cardiac β-myosin heavy chain gene is not the predominant gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Finnish population
Authors: Pertti Jääskeläinen, Marja Soranta, Raija Miettinen, Laura Saarinen, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Karoliina Silvennoinen, Tero Tikanoja, Markku Laakso, Johanna Kuusisto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The SWI/SNF ATPase Brm Is a Gatekeeper of Proliferative Control in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hui Shen, Nathan Powers, Nitin Saini, Clay E.S. Comstock, Ankur Sharma, Katherine Weaver, Monica P. Revelo, William Gerald, Erin Williams, Walter J. Jessen, Bruce J. Aronow, Gary Rosson, Bernard Weissman, Christian Muchardt, Moshe Yaniv, Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Factors that drive prostate cancer progression remain poorly defined, thus hindering the development of new therapeutic strategies. Disseminated tumors are treated through regimens that ablate androgen signaling, as prostate cancer cells require androgen for growth and survival. However, recurrent, incurable tumors that have bypassed the androgen requirement ultimately arise. This study reveals that the Brm ATPase, a component of selected SWI/SNF complexes, has significant antiproliferative functions in the prostate that protect against these transitions. First, we show that targeted ablation of Brm is causative for the development of prostatic hyperplasia in mice. Second, in vivo challenge revealed that Brm−/− epithelia acquire the capacity for lobe-specific, castration-resistant cellular proliferation. Third, investigation of human specimens revealed that Brm mRNA and protein levels are attenuated in prostate cancer. Fourth, Brm down-regulation was associated with an increased proliferative index, consistent with the mouse model. Lastly, gene expression profiling showed that Brm loss alters factors upstream of E2F1; this was confirmed in murine models, wherein Brm loss induced E2F1 deregulation in a tissue-specific manner. Combined, these data identify Brm as a major effector of serum androgen–induced proliferation in the prostate that is disrupted in human disease, and indicate that loss of Brm confers a proliferative advantage in prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10154–62]
Fire the Medical Schools Council if you want more GPs
Authors: R. Wakeford
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Specialists are massively over-represented in medical schools’ representative body, and it shows, writes Richard Wakeford 

Labour has announced plans to recruit 8000 more GPs if elected—but without saying how. And the prime minister has promised to provide seven day access to a GP by 2020 if the Conservatives get in—also without saying how. But the NHS needs more GPs immediately.1

We need at least half of UK medical graduates to become GPs, said a report on student numbers by the Health and Education National Strategic Exchange last year,2 as did the recent GP Taskforce study commissioned by the government.3 Recruiting foreign doctors may help, but international medical graduate trainees are not necessarily equivalent to domestic ones.4 5

UK medical schools are not recruiting anything like enough students with this career inclination: from the sparse data available, a report from King’s College London showed that only 11% of new medical students planned a career in general practice,6 and research from Aberdeen backed this up with a figure of 13%.7 Even when they graduate—after five or more years to reflect on career opportunities—less than a quarter of doctors entering the foundation …
Enoxaparin is superior to unfractionated heparin after fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction: Meta-Analysis of ASSENT-3, HART-II, and ENTIRE-TIMI-23 trials
Authors: Peter R. Sinnaeve, Elliott M. Antman, Allan M. Ross, Victor Hasselblad, Frans J. ban de Werf, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Characteristics of consultants who hold distinction awards in England and Wales: database analysis with particular reference to sex and ethnicity
Authors: Trevor W Lambert, Michael J Goldacre, Elizabeth Vallance, Netar Mallick
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether women, ethnic minorities, and particular specialties are discriminated against in the receipt of NHS distinction awards. <b>Design</b> Analysis of database of consultants eligible for distinction awards. <b>Setting</b> England and Wales, 2002. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Holding of B, A, and Aplus distinction awards, analysed for all awards, irrespective of when made, and for awards made in the last five years studied. <b>Results</b> Women and doctors from ethnic minorities were substantially under-represented among award holders when no account was taken of potential confounding factors. Differences diminished after multivariate analysis, but some remained significant. For example, the adjusted odds ratio of women holding awards compared with men was 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.59 to 0.82) for any award and 1.37 (0.86 to 2.20) for Aplus awards; the odds ratio for any award for non-white doctors trained abroad compared with white doctors trained in the United Kingdom was 0.45 (0.37 to 0.56). In the last five years studied the adjusted ratio of women to men was 0.94 (0.79 to 1.10) for B awards and 1.54 (0.85 to 2.83) for Aplus awards. The adjusted ratio for non-white British trained consultants was 0.86 (0.62 to 1.17) for B awards and 1.20 (0.37 to 3.87) for Aplus awards; for non-white consultants trained abroad it was 0.68 (0.54 to 0.85) for B awards and 0.69 (0.15 to 3.10) for Aplus awards; and for white consultants trained abroad it was 0.70 (0.54 to 0.91) for B awards and 0.90 (0.38 to 2.15) for Aplus awards. <b>Conclusion</b> Historical under-representation in award holding by women and doctors from ethnic minorities was partly explained by time spent as a consultant. Recent awards showed no under-representation of women and no appreciable under-representation of ethnic minorities overall. However, doctors who trained abroad—both white and non-white—remained under-represented for B awards.