tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors related to quality of life in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: Relevance of serum sodium concentration and leg edema
Authors: Elsa Solà, Hugh Watson, Isabel Graupera, Fanny Turón, Rogelio Barreto, Ezequiel Rodríguez, Marco Pavesi, Vicente Arroyo, Mónica Guevara, Pere Ginès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Inquiry into death of boy from induced illness recommends tightening of child protection rules
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Wide-ranging improvements to child protection procedures are necessary if children deliberately harmed by a parent are not to slip through the net, an inquiry into the death of a 7 year old boy from induced illness concluded last week.

The review of the case of Michael Dickinson seems to be the first detailed investigation in Britain of a death through Munchausen syndrome by proxy, now officially labelled fabricated or induced illness. Given the controversy surrounding the diagnosis, whose very existence is disputed by some media commentators, the report received surprisingly little media …
Effect of Hypnotic Suggestion on the Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Response
Authors: Steven E. Locke
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine whether individuals selected for good general health, high hypnotizability, and the ability to alter skin temperature under hypnotic suggestion can influence the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to varicella-zoster (VZ) antigen under hypnotic suggestion.A blinded clinical trial using a repeated measures design with subjects serving as their own controls. Subjects were randomly assigned to undergo a predetermined sequence of four different experimental conditions, occurring at weekly intervals, with each condition including VZ skin testing: (1) hypnosis with suggestions to enhance the DTH response to VZ antigen; (2) hypnosis with suggestions to suppress the DTH response; (3) hypnosis with suggestions for relaxation only; and (4) skin testing without hypnosis.A National Institutes of Health-supported clinical research center in a teaching hospital.A stratified sample of 24 ambulatory, healthy, highly hypnotizable, volunteer college students selected for their above-average ability to alter skin temperature after hypnotic suggestions and their positive baseline responses to VZ antigen. There were 11 males and 13 females with a mean +/- SD age of 22 +/- 6 years. The mean +/- SD hypnotizability score (Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility) was 11 +/- 1.Intradermal skin testing with VZ antigen (Mantoux method) and hypnotic suggestion.Areas of induration of the DTH response measured at 24 and 48 hours after injection of antigen.The area of the DTH response was not affected by the experimental interventions. The area of erythema was likewise unaffected.Our subjects were unable to alter their DTH responses using hypnotic suggestion.
Chronic Reduction of Fasting Glycemia With Insulin Glargine Improves First- and Second-Phase Insulin Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Christian Pennartz, Nina Schenker, Björn A. Menge, Wolfgang E. Schmidt, Michael A. Nauck, Juris J. Meier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Insulin secretion is often diminished in hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined whether chronic basal insulin treatment with insulin glargine improves glucose-induced insulin secretion. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fourteen patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy received an add-on therapy with insulin glargine over 8 weeks. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were performed before and after the intervention, with and without previous adjustment of fasting glucose levels using a 3-h intravenous insulin infusion. RESULTS Fasting glycemia was lowered from 179.6 ± 7.5 to 117.6 ± 6.5 mg/dL (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and HbA1c levels declined from 8.4 ± 0.5 to 7.1 ± 0.2% (P = 0.0046). The final insulin dose was 59.3 ± 10.2 IU. Acute normalization of fasting glycemia by intravenous insulin reduced C-peptide levels during the IVGTT (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In contrast, insulin and C-peptide responses to intravenous glucose administration were significantly greater after the glargine treatment period (P &amp;lt; 0.0001, respectively). Both first- and second-phase insulin secretion increased significantly after the glargine treatment period (P &amp;lt; 0.05, respectively). These improvements in insulin secretion were observed during both the experiments with and without acute adjustment of fasting glycemia. CONCLUSIONS Chronic supplementation of long-acting basal insulin improves glucose-induced insulin secretion in hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas acute exogenous insulin administration reduces the β-cell response to glucose administration. These data provide a rationale for basal insulin treatment regiments to improve postprandial endogenous insulin secretion in hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes.
Nocturnal Diaphoresis in Prinzmetal Angina
Authors: RICHARD C. BECKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1987Nocturnal Diaphoresis in Prinzmetal AnginaRICHARD C. BECKER, M.D., JOSEPH S. ALPERT, M.D.RICHARD C. BECKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH S. ALPERT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-121_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Nocturnal diaphoresis (night sweats) is a symptom frequently investigated by house officers and internists. Potential diagnoses include tuberculosis, endocarditis, lymphomas, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia (insulinoma, insulin reaction), systemic vasculitis, pheochromocytoma, carcinoid syndrome, drug withdrawal, and dysautonomy states. We now report a case of atypical Prinzmetal angina pectoris presenting with nocturnal diaphoresis.A 65-year-old white woman had recurrent episodes of nocturnal diaphoresis for 3 months. Each episode occurred between 0300 and 0500 h and lasted 15 to 30 minutes. There was no history of fever, weight loss, flushing, diarrhea, anxiety, or heat intolerance. A physical examination at hospitalization...References1. RANDALL W, ed. Nervous Control of Cardiovascular Function. New York: Oxford University Press; 1984. Google Scholar2. LUDMERSELWYNSHOOK PAT. Paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:1046-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. QUINTON P. Sweating and its disorders. Annu Rev Med. 1983;34:429-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. FURCHGOTTZAWADZKI RJ. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. 1980;288:373. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DE JONGEDAMMGENDOODS AJH. Muscarinic receptors in the cardiovascular system. Progress in Pharmacology. Vol 6, no 2. New York: Gustav Fisher Verlag; 1986. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Massachusetts Medical Center Worcester, MA 01605 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNight Sweats RevisitedBiology of sweat glands and their disorders. II. Disorders of sweat gland function 1 July 1987Volume 107, Issue 1Page: 121-121KeywordsAnginaHospitalizationsHyperthyroidismHypoglycemiaInsulinomaLymphomaPheochromocytomaSweatVasculitisWeight loss Issue Published: 1 July 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE CLINICAL RESULTS OF SERUM THERAPY.
Authors: EDWIN ROSENTHAL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

A brief résumé of the various steps by which artificial immunization was finally brought about will prove one of the most interesting stories of medical history. To start with, the very first steps will bring us back to biblical lore, and in the Talmudical lore of the ancient Israelites we will find some striking rules that prove to the zealous investigators that the question of infection and contagion was equally as well known to them as it is to us. The rules of hygiene as set down by Moses have not been altered by time, and though the observations in that ancient period were not made with the exactness of the present time, the results were about the same, and if the rules were disregarded the same diseases were the results. The question of exactness is what is always necessary in any science, and though theory held sway for a considerable
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Headache
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This volume represents the record of a postgraduate course that brought together a number of individuals with considerable expertise in the difficult area of diagnosis and management. Unfortunately, while the course itself must have been stimulating, perhaps even exciting, the transcript is less than successful. It cannot possibly give the reader the important discussions that must have taken place regarding controversial theoretical and practical points. Since the approach to the patient with headache is highly individualized, it is to be expected that the several authors will express their own beliefs and idiosyncratic methods of diagnosis, treatment, and diagnostic classifications. However, this should not have been carried to the extreme that too many sections are repetitious, even boringly so. This leaves the inexperienced practitioner somewhat in a quandary and unable to choose from the many suggestions offered by the different authors. Many of these statements are speculative; many myths are perpetuated:
Article RETRACTED: Changes in Energy Balance and Body Composition at Menopause: A Controlled Longitudinal Study
Authors: Eric T. Poehlman, Michael J. Toth, Andrew W. Gardner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To describe the effects of menopause on resting metabolic rate, body composition, fat distribution, physical activity during leisure time, and fasting insulin levels.A longitudinal comparison of metabolic changes in women who experienced menopause with changes in age-matched women who did not experience menopause.General clinical research center.An initial cohort of 35 sedentary healthy premenopausal women (age range, 44 to 48 years). After 6 years of follow-up, 18 women had spontaneously stopped menstruating for at least 12 months and 17 women remained premenopausal. No women received hormone replacement therapy.Women who experienced menopause lost more fat-free mass than women who remained premenopausal (-3.0 +/- 1.1 kg and -0.5 +/- 0.5 kg, respectively), had greater decreases in resting metabolic rate (-103 +/- 55 kcal/d and -8 +/- 17 kcal/d) and physical activity during leisure time (-127 +/- 79 kcal/d and 64 +/- 60 kcal/d), and had greater increases in fat mass (2.5 +/- 2 kg and 1.0 +/- 1.5 kg), fasting insulin levels (11 +/- 9 pmol/L and -2 +/- 5 pmol/L), and waist-to-hip ratios (0.04 +/- 0.01 and 0.01 +/- 0.01) (P < or = 0.01 for all comparisons). Menopause did not affect energy intake, fasting glucose levels, or peak oxygen consumption.Natural menopause is associated with reduced energy expenditure during rest and physical activity, an accelerated loss of fat-free mass, and increased central adiposity and fasting insulin levels. These changes may indicate a worsening cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile.
Life cycle and reproduction of house‐dust mites: environmental factors influencing mite populations
Authors: B. J. Hart
Journal: Allergy (1998)

An understanding of the life cycle of house‐dust mites, as well as environmental factors influencing mite populations, can be exploited in mite control. The most important limiting factor for house‐dust‐mite populations is air humidity. House‐dust mites osmoregulate through the cuticle and therefore require a high ambient air humidity to prevent excessive water loss. In addition, the supracoxal glands actively take up ambient water vapour, and the protonymph stage of the life cycle is resistant to desiccation. Larger house‐dust‐mite populations are found when the absolute indoor air humidity is above 7 g/kg (45% relative humidity at 20°C). Consequently, ventilation by air‐conditioning systems is being developed as a means of control. A number of other aspects of the domestic environment are also being manipulated in an integrated approach to render the habitat less suitable for mites. The potential exists for developing models for house‐dust‐mite populations, environmental characteristics, and the effects of various approaches to control.
Effect of a Mailed Brochure on Appointment-Keeping for Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Thomas D. Denberg, John M. Coombes, Tim E. Byers, Alfred C. Marcus, Lawrence E. Feinberg, John F. Steiner, Dennis J. Ahnen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Even when primary care physicians have face-to-face discussions with patients before referring them for screening colonoscopy, patient nonadherence can be substantial. Often, primary care physicians lack sufficient time to educate patients and address their potential misconceptions and fears about this procedure.To test whether an informational brochure sent to patients' home addresses after referral for screening colonoscopy would increase patient completion of the procedure.Randomized, controlled trial.2 general internal medicine practices affiliated with the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.781 consecutive patients 50 years of age or older referred by their primary care physicians for screening colonoscopy.Patients were randomly assigned to receive usual care (control group) versus usual care plus an informational brochure (intervention group). The brochure was mailed within 10 days of referral for screening colonoscopy; it mentioned the name of the patient's primary care physician and encouraged patients to schedule a procedure. It also described colorectal cancer and polyps and the similar lifetime risks for colorectal cancer for men and women, colonoscopy and risk for perforation, the nature of bowel preparation for the procedure, and alternative screening tests.Rates of adherence to screening colonoscopy in the 2 study groups.The overall adherence rate was 11.7 percentage points (95% CI, 5.1 to 18.4 percentage points) greater in the intervention group than in the control group (70.7% vs. 59.0%). Older patients were more adherent than younger patients. Patients with low-income insurance plans, such as Medicaid, were less adherent despite being sent a brochure.The small number of clinical practices and minority patients may limit generalizability. In addition, it was not possible to determine the degree to which adherence was influenced by a reminder to schedule a procedure versus detailed information about colonoscopy.An inexpensive mailed brochure is an effective way to increase patient adherence to primary care physician referral for screening colonoscopy.
Origin of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia in a Precursor of Pre-B Lymphocytes
Authors: Tucker W. LeBien, John Hozier, Jun Minowada, John H. Kersey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE cause of the malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells in human chronic myelocytic leukemia is unknown. However, the demonstration of a characteristic and specific chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 9 and 22,1 , 2 known as the Philadelphia chromosome, has suggested a common causative factor in this disorder. In addition, studies of the Philadelphia chromosome and the X-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase have implied that the origin of chronic myelocytic leukemia is a monoclonal stem cell.3 , 4 The studies strongly suggested that, in at least some of these patients, the cellular target of malignant transformation is a progenitor with the potential for differentiation into granulocytes, . . .
Frequency of Stress Testing to Document Ischemia Prior to Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Grace A. Lin, R. Adams Dudley, F. L. Lucas, David J. Malenka, Eric Vittinghoff, Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>Guidelines call for documenting ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease prior to elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the frequency and predictors of stress testing prior to elective PCI in a Medicare population.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Retrospective, observational cohort study using claims data from a 20% random sample of 2004 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 years or older who had an elective PCI (N = 23 887).<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Percentage of patients who underwent stress testing within 90 days prior to elective PCI; variation in stress testing prior to PCI across 306 hospital referral regions; patient, physician, and hospital characteristics that predicted the appropriate use of stress testing prior to elective PCI.<h3>Results</h3>In the United States, 44.5% (n = 10 629) of patients underwent stress testing within the 90 days prior to elective PCI. There was wide regional variation among the hospital referral regions with stress test rates ranging from 22.1% to 70.6% (national mean, 44.5%; interquartile range, 39.0%-50.9%). Female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-0.97), age of 85 years or older (AOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95), a history of congestive heart failure (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92), and prior cardiac catheterization (AOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.38-0.54) were associated with a decreased likelihood of prior stress testing. A history of chest pain (AOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09-1.54) and black race (AOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.46) increased the likelihood of stress testing prior to PCI. Patients treated by physicians performing 150 or more PCIs per year were less likely to have stress testing prior to PCI (AOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.93). No hospital characteristics were associated with receipt of stress testing.<h3>Conclusion</h3>The majority of Medicare patients with stable coronary artery disease do not have documentation of ischemia by noninvasive testing prior to elective PCI.
1164 COMMON VARIATION OF IL28 AFFECTS GAMMA-GTP LEVELS AND INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER IN CHRONICALLY HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: H. Abe, C.N. Hayes, H. Ochi, T. Maekawa, M. Tsuge, D. Miki, F. Mitsui, N. Hiraga, M. Imamura, S. Takahashi, K. Chayama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Autologous Transfusion of Stored Red Blood Cells Increases Pulmonary Artery Pressure
Authors: Lorenzo Berra, Riccardo Pinciroli, Christopher P. Stowell, Lin Wang, Binglan Yu, Bernadette O. Fernandez, Martin Feelisch, Cristina Mietto, Eldad A. Hod, Daniel Chipman, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Kenneth D. Bloch, Warren M. Zapol
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Transfusion of erythrocytes stored for prolonged periods is associated with increased mortality. Erythrocytes undergo hemolysis during storage and after transfusion. Plasma hemoglobin scavenges endogenous nitric oxide leading to systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction.We hypothesized that transfusion of autologous blood stored for 40 days would increase the pulmonary artery pressure in volunteers with endothelial dysfunction (impaired endothelial production of nitric oxide). We also tested whether breathing nitric oxide before and during transfusion could prevent the increase of pulmonary artery pressure.Fourteen obese adults with endothelial dysfunction were enrolled in a randomized crossover study of transfusing autologous, leukoreduced blood stored for either 3 or 40 days. Volunteers were transfused with 3-day blood, 40-day blood, and 40-day blood while breathing 80 ppm nitric oxide.The age of volunteers was 41 ± 4 years (mean ± SEM), and their body mass index was 33.4 ± 1.3 kg/m(2). Plasma hemoglobin concentrations increased after transfusion with 40-day and 40-day plus nitric oxide blood but not after transfusing 3-day blood. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, estimated by transthoracic echocardiography, increased after transfusing 40-day blood (18 ± 2 to 23 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.05) but did not change after transfusing 3-day blood (17 ± 2 to 18 ± 2 mm Hg; P = 0.5). Breathing nitric oxide decreased pulmonary artery pressure in volunteers transfused with 40-day blood (17 ± 2 to 12 ± 1 mm Hg; P < 0.05).Transfusion of autologous leukoreduced blood stored for 40 days was associated with increased plasma hemoglobin levels and increased pulmonary artery pressure. Breathing nitric oxide prevents the increase of pulmonary artery pressure produced by transfusing stored blood. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01529502).
P92 A Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Use of Nebulised Meropenem at a Large UK Adult CF Centre: Abstract P92 Table 1
Authors: V Carrolan, EF Nash, R Rashid, JL Whitehouse
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Meropenem is commonly used intravenously in CF patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but there is limited evidence of its tolerability and effectiveness when used as a nebulised treatment. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the use of nebulised meropenem in our large UK adult CF centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Medical records of patients who had trialled nebulised meropenem between 2008–2012 were reviewed for: demographics, lung function, BMI, sputum microbiology, indications and tolerability and number of exacerbations requiring IV antibiotics. <h3>Results</h3> 37 patients (18 male) trialled nebulised meropenem, with median age (IQR) 27 (20–37) years and FEV1% predicted 48% (35–64%). Patients received a 250 mg dose reconstituted with water for injection preceded by a bronchodilator. All patients were chronically infected with <i>P</i>.<i> aeruginosa</i>. The most common treatment indications were deteriorating condition or intolerance to other antibiotic nebulisers (21/37), with additional indications including treatment of <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> complex (8/37) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (8/37). 22/37 continue to tolerate the drug well. 10 of these 22 had previously been intolerant to Tobramycin Inhalation Solution (TIS) and 1 intolerant to nebulised amikacin. 4/37 discontinued due to no benefit or poor concordance. 11/37 did not tolerate nebulised meropenem, reporting adverse effects including chest tightness, increased cough, chest discomfort, nausea and lethargy. 6 of these 11 had previously been intolerant to TIS and 2 were intolerant to amikacin. There were no significant changes in lung function, BMI or requirement for IV antibiotics comparing the 12-month periods before and after commencing nebulised meropenem. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nebulised meropenem is generally well tolerated in CF adults and offers an alternative antibiotic choice for people with CF unable to tolerate other treatments.
MITRAL VALVE REPAIR VERSUS REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION AND DEPRESSED EJECTION FRACTION. RISK FACTORS FOR EARLY MORTALITY
Authors: Antonio Miceli, Egidio Varone, Daniyar Gilmanov, Matteo Ferrarini, Monica Baroni, Pier A. Farneti, Marco Solinas, Andrea Biagini, Mattia Glauber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Periventricular Leukomalacia — Prospects for Prevention
Authors: Avroy A. Fanaroff, Maureen Hack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Modern perinatal care, including careful fetal surveillance, antenatal administration of glucocorticoids, surfactant therapy, and ventilatory assistance, has improved survival rates for infants with very low birth weights (less than 1500 g).1 There has, however, been no improvement in the neurodevelopmental outcomes of such infants: 20 to 40 percent have handicaps, especially the smallest (those weighing less than 750 g) and least mature (those born before 25 weeks of gestation).2,3 Periventricular leukomalacia is included in the spectrum of recently designated white-matter disorders4 and is a major risk factor for cerebral palsy and other handicaps, especially in premature infants.Periventricular leukomalacia . . .