tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5101: Tanshinone II-A inhibits angiogenesis through down regulation of COX-2 in human colorectal cancer.
Authors: Qi Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tanshinone II-A Inhibits Angiogenesis through Down Regulation of COX-2 in Human Colorectal Cancer Qi Li*, Li-Hong Zhou, Hua Sui, Yan Wang, Xuan Liu, Ning-Ning Liu, Pei-Hao Yin Clinic Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai China *correspondence to Qi Li, Lzwf@hotmail.com Angiogenesis plays a significant role in colorectal cancer (CRC). cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved with multiple aspects of CRC angiogenesis. The aim was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Tan II-A(Tanshinone II-A, Tan II-A) on tumor growth in mice, as well as alteration of expression of COX-2 and VEGF in CRC. We established the mice xenograft model of C26 CRC cell line, and injected 0.5, 1, 2mg/kg of Tan II-A and 1mg/kg of 5-FU in different individuals respectively in vivo. Then, we assayed tumor weight and volume, evaluated microvascular density and expression of VEGF. COX-2 promoter and COX-2 plasmids were transfected into HCT-116 cells, followed by detection of COX-2 promoter activity by chemiluminescence, detection of COX-2 mRNA expression by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Taken together, the results showed Tan II-A could inhibit tumor growth and VEGF level in vivo. Cell experiment showed marked inhibitory effect of Tan II-A on COX-2 and VEGF of HCT-116 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. That means Tan II-A can effectively inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis of human colorectal cancer via inhibiting the expression level of COX-2 and VEGF. Keywords: Tanshinone II-A - colorectal carcinoma - angiogenesis - cyclooxygenase 2 - vascular endothelial growth factor Citation Format: Qi Li. Tanshinone II-A inhibits angiogenesis through down regulation of COX-2 in human colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5101. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5101
Immunoglobulin E Pattern in Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Sami L. Bahna, Douglas C. Heiner, Byron A. Myhre
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Serum IgE levels in healthy blood donors who had no history of atopy were measured by a paper‐disc RIA and analyzed according to the donors’ smoking habits. The IgE geometric mean for regular smokers was 41.7 IU/ml, which was significantly higher than that for nonsmokers (19.3 IU/ml) or rare smokers (22.7 IU/ml). Whereas 28% of smokers had IgE levels greater than 200 IU/ml, none of the rare smokers or nonsmokers did. IgE levels in smokers showed a moderate inverse correlation with the degree of smoking. The mean IgE level was 189.8 IU/ml in those who smoked 1–9 cigarettes/day but only 32.8 IU/ml in those who smoked 10–19 cigarettes per day and 11.1 IU/ml in those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes/day. The number of years a person smoked did not seem to significantly influence the IgE level. The mean IgE level in ex‐smokers (50.5 IU/ml) was much lower than in current light smokers but was still higher than in nonsmokers. There was a moderate inverse correlation between IgE levels and duration of cessation of smoking. Our data suggest a characteristic pattern for the influence of cigarette smoking on serum IgE level, namely, a striking rise associated with light smoking and a remarkable drop in heavy smokers, and such changes seemed reversible after the habit was stopped. Smoking status, therefore, appears to be an important consideration in interpreting serum IgE levels and in revising the “norms” of IgE levels.
Persistent Effects of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy on Lung Function and Asthma in Adolescents
Authors: Elysia M. Hollams, Nicholas H. de Klerk, Patrick G. Holt, Peter D. Sly
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

The extent to which maternal smoking in pregnancy (MSP) has persisting effects on respiratory health remains uncertain and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Alterations in immune function have been proposed as a mechanism contributing to respiratory disease.To determine whether MSP increases risk of respiratory disorders in adolescence and, if so, whether this occurs by decreased lung function, altered immune function, and/or enhanced atopy.Data on spirometry, bronchial responsiveness, respiratory symptoms, total and allergen-specific IgE and IgG4, immune function, and inflammatory markers were obtained from 1,129 participants in the 14-year follow-up of the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort and related to MSP using regression analyses.MSP was reported for 21.0% (237 of 1,129) of participants, with 92 (8.1%) reporting current smoking. MSP was associated with some altered immune measures at age 14. MSP was strongly related to reduced lung function in current nonsmokers (forced expiratory flow midexpiratory phase [FEF25-75%], P = 0.016; FEV1/FVC, P = 0.009) and increased risk for current asthma (odds ratio [OR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-2.92; P = 0.01), current wheeze (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.14-2.75; P = 0.011), and exercise-induced wheeze (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.37-3.85; P = 0.002), but not for bronchial hyperresponsiveness or atopy. Adjustment for immune measures and/or lung function in multivariate models did not greatly alter these associations and the increased risks for asthma and wheeze were not modified by sex, atopy, or maternal history of asthma or atopy.MSP increases risk of asthma and wheezing in adolescence; mechanisms go beyond reducing lung function and exclude altering immune function or enhancing atopy.
Ectopic pinealoma with adipsia and hypernatraemia.
Authors: S. B. Christie, E. J. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Communicationsgw>4 o=UL 669 blank.Correction is not required for phenolphthalein glucuronide, since spontaneous hydrolysis of the substrate does not occur.Acid Phosphatase.-Themost suitable substrate for this enzyme is p-nitrophenyl phosphate (Bessey et al., 1946).The incubating medium contains 0.1 ml. of urine, 1 ml. of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (1 mg./1 ml.distilled water), 3.4 ml. of 0.1 N acetate buffer of pH 4.5, and 0.5 ml. of 0.05 M MgSO4.After incubating for 10 minutes at 370 C. 0.1 ml. of 100% NaOH is added to stop the reaction and develop the colour of the free p-nitrophenol.The solution is then centrifuged to remove magnesium phosphate and magnesium hydroxide, and the absorbance measured at 400 m~u.Correction factors were applied for the interference absorption produced by urine pigments and p-nitrophenyl phosphate.The following reference blanks were therefore used: (1) 0.1 ml. of urine + 1 ml. of distilled water, and (2) 0.1 ml. of distilled water + 1 ml. of p-nitrophenyl phosphate.Alkaline Phosphatase.-Themethod is identical with that for acid phosphatase except that the 3.4 ml. of acetate buffer is replaced by 3.4 ml. of 0.1 M tris+0.1 N HCl buffer of pH 8.8.
Treatment of Irreducible Intussusception
Authors: J. D. T. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Until recently the mortality of irreducible intussuscep tion, whatever the method of treatment employed, was depressing. Thus Ladd and Gross (1941) stated:  any large series of cases there will always be some individuals for whom resection of an intussusception must be employed. In babies under 1 year of age this carries an extremely high mortality, averaging around 75 % or more. In McNab's (1948) opinion,  as soon as the intussusception in a child becomes irreducible the mortality rate associated with the treatment rises to 80%. In the last few years, however, the picture has changed very considerably; for example, Gross and Ware (1948) report 11 recoveries in 14 resections, Aird (1949, 1952) 13 survivals from 17 resections, and White and Dennison (1952) 12 recoveries in 16 cases treated by ileocolostomy. As Aird remarks, these improved results are having a most beneficial effect upon the morale of surgeons, and if it is felt that resection is at least reasonably hopeful as a method of treatment the surgeon is more inclined to proceed to it at a stage when the child has not been intoxicated by the squeezing of infected material into its circulation. It is perhaps permissible to suggest that the time has now come when a child who has to have an irreducible intussusception resected should be expected to survive. The purpose of this communica tion is to present a method of dealing with these cases by resection and early restoration of bowel continuity, a method which has been found safe and satisfactory, and which, for reasons that will be discussed, is believed to have several advantages over previously described methods. The technique employed was initially used by me in dealing with the first irreducible case in this present series, and, with minor variations, it has been used for all subsequent cases.
Myopathy and Cystine Storage in Muscles in a Patient with Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: William A. Gahl, Marinos C. Dalakas, Lawrence Charnas, Karl T.K. Chen, Gholam H. Pezeshkpour, Toichiro Kuwabara, Suzanne L. Davis, Russell W. Chesney, John Fink, H. Terry Hutchison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

NEPHROPATHIC cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the appearance of renal tubular Fanconi's syndrome in the first year of life and by growth retardation, progressive photophobia, and glomerular failure requiring dialysis or renal transplantation at approximately 10 years of age.1 , 2, The disease results from the defective transport of the disulfide amino acid cystine across the lysosomal membrane3 4 5 6 the consequent accumulation of cystine leads to the formation of crystals in many tissues. Treatment involves the replacement of renal tubular losses and the depletion of intracellular cystine stores with agents such as the aminothiol cysteamine (β-mercaptoethylamine).7 Oral cysteamine therapy . . .
Effects of environmental oxidant stressors on individuals with a G-6-PD deficiency with particular reference to an animal model.
Authors: E J Calabrese, G Moore, R Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Individuals with a G-6-PD deficiency have long been known to be at increased risk to experience acute hemolysis following exposure to elevated levels of certain oxidant drugs and industrial chemicals. However, the recognition of enhanced susceptibility to environmental (or ambient) pollutants has generally not been considered. Recent theoretical studies have suggested that elevated levels of ambient ozone may be an etiologic factor in the onset of acute hemolysis in the G-6-PD deficient individual. Furthermore, the proposed usage of either chloramines or chlorine dioxide as replacements for chlorine for the disinfection of drinking water should be investigated with respect to their potential adverse effects of individuals at increased risk to oxidant stressors. In order to test these theoretical associations, two mouse strains, one with low and the other with high levels of G-6-PD activity in their red blood cells are being investigated to determine if they simulate human G-6-PD deficient and normal individuals, respectively. Preliminary results indicate that the mouse strain with low G-6-PD activity is markedly more susceptible to sodium chlorite than mice of the high G-6-PD strain. This differential susceptibility to sodium chlorite toxicity between the high and low G-6-PD mouse strains suggests that further research designed to validate the efficacy of this mouse model as a predictor of the human situation is warranted.
Ethical Foundations of the Clinton Administration's Proposed Health Care System
Authors: Dan W. Brock
Journal: JAMA (1994)

IMPORTANT, widely shared ethical principles and values are involved in both the design of and the debates over the Clinton health care system reform proposal. In the first section of this article, we discuss 14 principles and values that guide policy decisions and choices about central features of the reform proposal. These principles and values are neither pulled from thin air nor selected simply to conform to the proposed system. They are deeply anchored in the moral traditions we share as a nation, reflecting our long-standing commitment to equality, justice, liberty, and community. Different moral, religious, and cultural traditions within our society may emphasize different elements of these principles and values or weigh them differently when they conflict. Nevertheless, there is a widespread consensus on their central role in defining our common community, as we show briefly in the second section of this article.<sup>1-3</sup> These principles and values do
CLINICAL TYPES OF NEPHRITIS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: C. A. ALDRICH
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Since nephritis occurs in a peculiarly pure form in childhood uncomplicated by confusing symptoms due to degenerative changes, cardiac diseases or any of the other chronic ailments of adults, this series of cases is of importance. Perhaps only by study of the disease in youth may it be possible to discover the nature of uncomplicated nephritis. This paper summarizes the observations made on 186 consecutive children with nephritis. It includes all of the patients seen in the nephritic service at the Children's Memorial Hospital during the past nine years, and a few seen in private practice. No case is included in which the observations were not sufficient to justify an absolute diagnosis of nephritis. This means that none with orthostatic or febrile albuminuria or with symptomless urinary abnormalities were included. Every child was observed for as long a period as possible both in the hospital and inthe dispensary, even though
Autoimmune Hepatitis, From Mechanisms to Therapy
Authors: Michael P. Manns, Arndt Vogel
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

In 1950, Waldenström was the first to describe a chronic form of hepatitis in young women. Subsequently, the disease was found to be associated with other autoimmune syndromes and was later termed “lupoid hepatitis” because of the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In 1965, it became designated by Mackay et al. as “autoimmune hepatitis” at an international meeting, at which the general concept of autoimmunity was endorsed by the scientific community. In the early 1960s and 1970s, the value of immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids and/or azathioprine was well documented in several studies. The original association of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and HLA alleles, which has remarkably stood the test of time, was published in 1972. In the 1970s and 1980s, several autoantibodies were identified in patients withautoimmunehepatitis directed against proteins of the endoplasmatic reticulum expressed in liver and kidney and against soluble liver antigens. Subsequently, the molecular targets of these antibodies were identified and more precisely characterized. In the last two decades many additional pieces of the AIH puzzle have been collected leading to the identification of additional antibodies and genes associated with AIH and to the emergence of new therapeutic agents. Meanwhile, the immunoserological and genetic heterogeneity of AIH is well established and it has become obvious that clinical manifestations, disease behavior, and treatment outcome may vary by racial groups, geographical regions and genetic predisposition. Currently, the International Autoimmune hepatitis group is endorsing multi-center collaborative studies to more precisely define the features at disease presentation and to define prognostic indices and appropriate treatment algorithms. Given the importance of serological testing, the IAHG is also working on guidelines and procedures for more reliable and standardized testing of autoantibodies.
Penicillin in the Treatment of Gonorrhea?
Authors: Hans H. Neumann
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This is in answer to letters by Cobey, Handsfield, Riggs (220:419, 1972), Caldwell (219:620, 1972), and Hinman (220:589, 1972). Some clinic staffs may not mind the occasional risk of anaphylaxis in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, from injection of 4.8 million units of penicillin, or following Caldwell's advice of having these patients "observed by resuscitation-trained and equipped personnel for 30 minutes." For private practitioners who see probably three fourths of all gonorrhea cases, the malpractice picture—guilt or no guilt—makes this an unattractive procedure. There are diseases in which such risks are justifiable; it is doubtful whether uncomplicated gonorrhea is one of them. How much syphilis is aborted by the liberal use of penicillin in gonorrhea? A clue to this can be found in the incidence of syphilis in gonorrhea cases in prenatal clinics. The chances are that most of these women, when examined, would be past the
Anemia in Cancer Patients
Authors: Ludwik Gross
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The recent report by Soble and Wolf (235:277, 1975) described a case of breast cancer associated with refractory anemia in a 47-year-old woman. Anemia disappeared following removal of the tumor. The authors assume that the most likely explanation of anemia in this patient was a functional depression of erythropoiesis caused by release of a toxic factor or factors that were the result of tumor necrosis and inflammation.  In experiments carried out in our laboratory, we observed that cell extracts prepared from mouse leukemia and from mouse-mammary carcinoma hemolyzed homologous red blood cells (RBCs) in vitro.1A similar, destructive action of cell-free extracts prepared from human breast cancer on human RBCs was also observed.2It is entirely possible that some of the refractory anemias in cancer patients may be due to the destruction of RBCs by toxic factors or certain hemolytic enzymes released by the tumor.
The Natural History and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B: A Critical Evaluation of Standard Treatment Criteria and End Points
Authors: Ching-Lung Lai, Man-Fung Yuen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

The definite indications for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B are serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels greater than 105 copies/mL and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels more than 2 times the upper limit of normal. If cirrhosis is present, an HBV DNA level greater than 105 copies/mL is the sole criterion for treatment. Treatment end points include hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion for HBeAg-positive patients, reduction of HBV DNA levels to less than 105 copies/mL, and normalization of ALT values. These guidelines may apply to patients who acquire the hepatitis B infection during adolescence or adulthood but are less suitable for most hepatitis B carriers, who are infected in early life. Cirrhosis complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma, often occur in this latter group despite HBeAg seroconversion, HBV DNA levels less than 104 copies/mL, or ALT levels between 0.5 and 2 times the upper limit of normal. Therefore, HBeAg seroconversion may not be an adequate end point for these patients; the ideal treatment end points are permanent suppression of HBV DNA to levels undetectable by polymerase chain reaction and reduction of ALT levels to less than 0.5 times the upper limit of normal.
954-3 Usefulness of Contrast Transesophageal Echocardiography in Identification of Increased Risk of Cardiogenic Embolism in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hisaki Morita, Sadaichi Okumoto, Koichi Hirabayashi, Katsufumi Mizushige, Hirohlde Matsuo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Chromosome aberrations in plants as a monitoring system.
Authors: W F Grant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The potential of higher plants as a first-tier assay system for detecting chemical mutagens is evaluated. The use of plant tissue (primarily root tips and pollen mother cells) for studying the induction of chromosomal aberrations is one of the oldest, simplest, most reliable, and inexpensive methods available. Specific types of abnormalities have been induced by different classes of pesticides. Chromosome clumping, contraction, stickiness, paling, fragmentation, dissolution, chromosome and chromatid bridges, C-mitosis, and endoploidy have been reported in the literature. Examples of cytogenetic studies with pesticides demonstrating the usefulness of higher plants as a monitoring system are reviewed. Pesticides which cause chromosome aberrations in plant cells also produce chromosome aberrations in cultured animal cells. Frequently, the aberrations are identical. For example, studies have shown that compounds which have a C-mitotic effect on plant cells have the same effect on animal cells. It is recommended that plant systems be accepted as a first-tier assay system for the detection of possible genetic damage by environmental chemicals.
In patients taking fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 100/50$mu;g DiskusS for asthma, fluticasone propionate nasal spray 200$mu;g QD is superior to montelukast 10mg QD in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in patients with coexistent allergic rhinitis*1Implication for the one airway hypothesis
Authors: H.S. Nelson, S. Yancey, K. Waitkus-Edwards, B. Prillaman, E. Philpot, P. Dorinsky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Funding policies for HIV and AIDS: time for change.
Authors: M McCarthy, S Layzell
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Funding for HIV and AIDS in England has been allocated to regions by a formula based on the number of cases of AIDS and HIV infection and on population size. Regions have distributed the resources directly to hospitals and community services. A survey of staff and managers in North East Thames region showed that funding arrangements have led to unsatisfactory development of services for HIV and AIDS. Firstly, because hospitals are funded according to current numbers of patients services are highly developed at the central London hospitals and underdeveloped in outer districts. Secondly, specialised community care teams have been established rather than integrating care for HIV and AIDS into generic primary care. Thirdly, the information on district of residence of infected patients is inaccurate, limiting allocation of funds according to population needs. Fourthly, prevention of infection has been given far less attention than treatment and care despite the lack of effective treatment. In future allocations for HIV and AIDS should be made to purchasers rather than directly to providers.