tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Structure and Function of Muscle, vol 2, Part 2: Structure
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This second volume in this series completes the outstanding and comprehensive portrayal of muscle structure begun in volume 1. In this, as in the companion issues, eminently qualified investigators summarize current knowledge of their assigned topic with remarkable clarity. This work continues the discussion of specialized types of muscle—eg, uterus and heart. It describes not only the microanatomy of muscle but also the skeletal muscle regeneration process. The uterus serves as a model for a description of smooth muscle contractile elements, mechanism of contraction, and the effect of numerous hormones. The author then lists the clinical implications of several of these. The dynamic implications of cardiac muscle necessitate an understanding of cell boundaries and electrical properties so well elucidated in this book. A section on microanatomy including that of smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle, explains skeletal muscle structure, including ultrastructure, and discusses hypertrophy, red and white muscle, musculotendinous junctions, and
ST segment elevation with exercise: a marker for poor ventricular function and poor prognosis. Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) confirmation of Seattle Heart Watch results.
Authors: R A Bruce, L D Fisher, M Pettinger, D A Weiner, B R Chaitman
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The functional and prognostic significance of exercise-induced ST elevation (by computer averaging) in ambulatory patients with coronary heart disease was recently reported for 181 patients in the Seattle Heart Watch (SHW). To further evaluate this, 3050 approximately similar patients enrolled in CASS were analyzed with respect to initial findings, survival, and incidence of secondary coronary events over the next 6 years. The ST elevation responses in CASS patients were classified by visual interpretation of 1 mm or more, whereas the SHW patients were identified by voltage greater than 0 mV. Accordingly, prevalence of exercise-induced ST elevation was lower in CASS patients, but they had greater frequencies of prior myocardial infarction and left ventricular enlargement and dysfunction. The poor survival was similar in the subgroup with ST elevation during exercise and recovery in CASS and SHW. Although not an independent predictor when invasive variables are known, ST elevation emerges as a useful predictor when exercise testing is performed before diagnostic invasive studies.
Testing for Ancient Admixture between Closely Related Populations
Authors: Eric Y. Durand, Nick Patterson, David Reich, Montgomery Slatkin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

One enduring question in evolutionary biology is the extent of archaic admixture in the genomes of present-day populations. In this paper, we present a test for ancient admixture that exploits the asymmetry in the frequencies of the two nonconcordant gene trees in a three-population tree. This test was first applied to detect interbreeding between Neandertals and modern humans. We derive the analytic expectation of a test statistic, called the D statistic, which is sensitive to asymmetry under alternative demographic scenarios. We show that the D statistic is insensitive to some demographic assumptions such as ancestral population sizes and requires only the assumption that the ancestral populations were randomly mating. An important aspect of D statistics is that they can be used to detect archaic admixture even when no archaic sample is available. We explore the effect of sequencing error on the false-positive rate of the test for admixture, and we show how to estimate the proportion of archaic ancestry in the genomes of present-day populations. We also investigate a model of subdivision in ancestral populations that can result in D statistics that indicate recent admixture.
Histamine and epidermal proliferation
Authors: R. MARKS, P.J. DYKES, C.Y. TAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Histamine is liberated in the inflammatory reaction and has been reported to inhibit epidermal cell division in vitro. This study has investigated the effects of histamine and HI and H2 antagonists on epidermopoiesis in vivo in man. No direct stimulatory effect of histamine was detected for normal epidermis. A combination of HI antagonist (chlorpheniramine) and H2 antagonist (cimetidine) led to further increases in epidermal labelling indices in mitotically stimulated epidermis. The administration of HI antagonist alone led to a decrease in mean epidermal thickness. These data suggest that histamine release is unlikely to play a major role in the hyperplasia of inflammatory dermatoses, but that it may be possible to influence epidermal reactions via the HI and H2 receptors.
Thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia in an Iraqi girl
Authors: Abbas Hashim Abdulsalam, Nafila Sabeeh, Zead Ismael Ibrahim, Barbara J Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

A 27-month-old female presented with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic anemia, deafness and cardiomyopathy. A full blood count showed: white cell count 4 × 109/l, hemoglobin concentration 71 g/l and platelet count 195 × 109/l. A differential counts showed neutrophils 39%, lymphocytes 48%, monocytes 7%, eosinophils 5%, myelocytes 1% and nucleated red blood cells 2%. A blood film (top left) showed marked anisocytosis with some very large macrocytes, mild poikilocytosis and the presence of circulating megaloblasts. A bone marrow aspirate was hypercellular (absent fat cells) with dysplastic megaloblastic erythropoiesis, erythroid vacuolation and punctate basophilia (top right and bottom left). An iron stain showed markedly increased iron stores with many ring sideroblasts (bottom right). Granulopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis were normal. The child was the daughter of consanguineous parents. An older brother was healthy but two older sisters had died of diabetic ketoacidosis and a 16-month-old sister had similar clinical and hematological features to those seen in the patient. On the basis of the clinical history and the bone marrow findings, a diagnosis of thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia was made. This autosomal recessive syndrome is characterised by sensorineural deafness, diabetes mellitus and thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia with ring sideroblasts. Genetic analysis was not done in this family but the condition is known to result from mutation in the SLC19A2 gene. A significant proportion of the families described until now have been of Middle-Eastern origin. The patient and her surviving sister showed a haematological response to thiamine therapy and their insulin requirements reduced.
Rescue From Respiratory Dysfunction by Transduction of Full-length Dystrophin to Diaphragm via the Peritoneal Cavity in Utrophin/Dystrophin Double Knockout Mice
Authors: Masatoshi Ishizaki, Yasushi Maeda, Ryoko Kawano, Tomohiro Suga, Yuji Uchida, Katsuhisa Uchino, Satoshi Yamashita, En Kimura, Makoto Uchino
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited severe muscle wasting disorder with, thus far, no effective therapy. DMD causes respiratory and cardiac failure as well as muscle wastage. Among the various symptoms, respiratory insufficiency is a major cause of death in DMD patients at about 20 years of age. So, naturally, the improvement of respiratory function will extend the patient's life. We report here, for the first time, a sensitive procedure using whole-body plethysmography to monitor respiratory parameters detected in the utrophin/dystrophin double knockout mouse (dko mouse), showing quite similar systemic symptoms to human DMD including restrictive ventilatory impairment. Furthermore, we show that a highly efficient dystrophin-transduction to the dko's diaphragm—achieved by simple intraperitoneal injection of a helper-dependent adenovirus vector (HDAdv) containing the full-length dystrophin expression cassette—provided beneficial results. In spite of dystrophin expression only in the diaphragm, this focal gene transfer could result in the rescue from ventilatory impairment (increased tidal volume (TV) and improvement of compensatory hyperpnea). Our result suggests that a DMD patient's mortal ventilatory impairment may be improved via technically easy means through the intraperitoneal injection of HDAdv. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited severe muscle wasting disorder with, thus far, no effective therapy. DMD causes respiratory and cardiac failure as well as muscle wastage. Among the various symptoms, respiratory insufficiency is a major cause of death in DMD patients at about 20 years of age. So, naturally, the improvement of respiratory function will extend the patient's life. We report here, for the first time, a sensitive procedure using whole-body plethysmography to monitor respiratory parameters detected in the utrophin/dystrophin double knockout mouse (dko mouse), showing quite similar systemic symptoms to human DMD including restrictive ventilatory impairment. Furthermore, we show that a highly efficient dystrophin-transduction to the dko's diaphragm—achieved by simple intraperitoneal injection of a helper-dependent adenovirus vector (HDAdv) containing the full-length dystrophin expression cassette—provided beneficial results. In spite of dystrophin expression only in the diaphragm, this focal gene transfer could result in the rescue from ventilatory impairment (increased tidal volume (TV) and improvement of compensatory hyperpnea). Our result suggests that a DMD patient's mortal ventilatory impairment may be improved via technically easy means through the intraperitoneal injection of HDAdv.
The Prevention of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulmonary Vascular Injury by Pretreatment with Cepharanthine in Rats
Authors: KAZUNORI MURAKAMI, KENJI OKAJIMA, MITSUHIRO UCHIBA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Cepharanthine, a biscoclaurine alkaloid, has been shown to inhibit leukocyte activation in vitro. To determine whether cepharanthine may be of use in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we investigated its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary vascular injury in rats, in which activated leukocytes have been implicated. Intravenous administration of LPS (5 mg/kg) induced pulmonary vascular injury, as indicated by increases in both the pulmonary vascular permeability and the lung wet/dry weight ratio. LPS-induced pulmonary vascular injury was significantly less in animals given cepharanthine (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Cepharanthine significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increases in plasma tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) concentrations in vivo and significantly inhibited the production of TNF- α by LPS-stimulated monocytes in vitro. Cepharanthine also inhibited the functions of activated neutrophils in vitro such as neutrophil elastase release, oxygen radical generation, and neutrophil aggregation, probably by inhibiting a rise in the intracellular free calcium concentration. These findings suggest that cepharanthine prevents LPS-induced pulmonary vascular injury by inhibiting leukocyte activation. Murakami K, Okajima K, Uchiba M. The prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary vascular injury by pretreatment with cepharanthine in rats.
Conservative drug treatment in patients with moderately severe chronic occlusive peripheral arterial disease. Scandinavian Study Group.
Authors: F Lindgärde, R Jelnes, H Björkman, G Adielsson, T Kjellström, I Palmquist, L Stavenow
Journal: Circulation (1989)

A double-blind, parallel group, multicenter clinical trial of pentoxifylline compared with placebo enrolled 150 patients with moderately severe chronic occlusive arterial disease (COAD) at three centers in Scandinavia. The study consisted of a 4-6 week single-blind, placebo-controlled run-in phase, during which the stabilization of the initial claudication distance of all patients was assessed before randomization to a 6-month double-blind observation period. The diagnosis of COAD was established by clinical findings, conventional angiography, and noninvasive peripheral Doppler pressure assessment at rest and after exercise. The results of the overall intention-to-treat analysis of the study population show statistically significant superiority of pentoxifylline over placebo for all absolute claudication distance summary and end point measures. By using two clinically relevant parameters, which are a resting ankle/arm pressure ratio 0.8 or less and a duration of COAD for greater than 1 year, a target population could be defined in whom trial results became highly significant. For nontarget patients with mild COAD, we conclude that basic therapeutic measures should include the treatment of risk factors and the initiation of physical training. For target patients, however, a multifactorial therapeutic approach, including the use of pentoxifylline, is justified.
Agranulocytic Angina with Thrombopenic Purpura
Authors: WM. ALLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 December 1928Agranulocytic Angina with Thrombopenic PurpuraWM. ALLAN, M.D.WM. ALLAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-6-542 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince Schultz' (1) report in 1922 of the condition since known as agranulocytic angina, the recognition of this disastrous malady is becoming steadily more frequent both in Germany and in this country. A year ago Kastlin (2) reviewed 43 cases and since his report, cases have been reported by Finnigan (3), Hart (4), Carnot (5), two by Linthicum (6), Ashworth and Maphis (7), Gundrum (8), Whitehead (9), and Sachs (10), making a total of 52 cases.The onset is abrupt with sore throat, high fever, chilliness, general aching, prostration, headache, and sometimes vomiting. Herpes may appear and half the cases...References(1) SCHULTZ W: Deut. med. W., 1922, xlviii, 1495. Google Scholar(2) KASTLIN GJ: Amer. J. Med. Sc., 1927, clxxiii, 799. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(3) FINNIGAN FR: J. Missouri Med. Asso., 1927, xxiv, 258. Google Scholar(4) HART VK: Laryngoscope, 1927, xxxvii. Google Scholar(5) CARNOT : Bull. et mem. Soc. méd hôp., Paris, 1927, li, 1009. Google Scholar(6) LINTHICUM FH: Ann. Othol, Rhin., Laryng., 1927, xxxvi, 1093. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(7) ASHWORTHMAPHIS OOEC: Va. Med. M., 1927, liv, 237. Google Scholar(8) GUNDRUM LK: Arch. Int. Med., 1928, xli, 343. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(9) WHITEHEAD RC: Va. Med. M. 1928, liv, 761. Google Scholar(10) SACHS A: Nebraska M. J., 1928, xiii, 81. Google Scholar(11) CANNON AB: So. Med. J., 1927, xx, 141. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(12) PFAB R: Abs. J. A. M. A., 1926, lxxxvi, 237. Google Scholar(13) PRATT JH: Osler's Mod. Med., 3rd ed., Vol. v, p. 122, 1927. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Charlotte, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAn Agranulocytic Blood Picture with a Pneumococcic SepticemiaSHERBURNE CAMPBELL, M. D., THOMAS P. MURDOCK, M. D., F. A. C. P.AgranulocytosisWILLIAM HENRY GORDON, M.D. 1 December 1928Volume 2, Issue 6Page: 542-544KeywordsAnginaFeversHeadachesPharyngitisVomiting Issue Published: 1 December 1928 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Portrait of Dr. G. F. Still
Authors: None Beatty, None Blanesburgh, C. Briscoe, J. F. Cameron, J. A. Drake, C. A. Fife, A. D. Fordyce, W. Fry, W. Gilliatt, W. R. Halliday, E. Hambleden, T. Holland, S. Leeson, V. W. Low, None Macmillan, F. F. Tisdall, F. Whitbread
Journal: BMJ (1933)
S119 Left Ventricular Dysfunction Influences Survival In Connective Tissue Disease Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension But Not Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: S. Crawley, K. Blyth, L. McLure, H. Dargie, A. Peacock
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Connective tissue disease – associated pulmonary artery hypertension (CTD-PAH) has a worse prognosis compared with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We investigated the prognostic significance of left and right cardiac dysfunction in IPAH and CTD-PAH. <h3>Methods and results</h3> Between 2003 and 2011, patients with a new suspected diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension underwent diagnostic assessment including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and right heart catheterization (RHC). 138 patients fulfilled the criteria for pulmonary arterial hypertension, of which 74 were diagnosed with IPAH and 38 were diagnosed with CTD-PAH. At baseline, there was no significant difference in age, functional class, lung function or six-minute walk distance between the two groups. At CMR, both groups had right ventricular (RV) dilatation and impaired RV systolic function, but well preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Patients with IPAH had greater right ventricular hypertrophy than those with CTD-PAH (VMI 1.16 v 0.99, p = 0.03). Left atrial volume, a marker of LV diastolic dysfunction, was lower in IPAH than CTD-PAH (23 v 33 ml/m<sup>2</sup>, p &lt; 0.0001). At RHC, mean pulmonary artery pressure was higher in IPAH than CTD-PAH (50 v 43 mmHg, p = 0.01). There was no difference in the distribution of initial disease-targeted therapies between the groups. Survival was better in IPAH than in CTD-PAH (p = 0.03), with rates of 83% at 1 yr and 74% at 3 yrs in IPAH, but 75% at 1 yr and 53% at 3 yrs in CTD-PAH. Poor baseline right ventricular function was associated with reduced survival in both conditions. However, poor left ventricular function, as measured by left ventricular stroke volume index (LVSVI), only influenced survival in CTD-PAH (p = 0.002) and not in IPAH (p = 0.21). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Poor LVSVI at diagnosis is associated with impaired survival in CTD-PAH but not IPAH. Intrinsic LV problems, particularly diastolic dysfunction, may contribute to the excess mortality in CTD-PAH.
Combination Therapy of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia of Children
Authors: James F. Holland
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Successive studies in the combination chemotherapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia of children, conducted by the Acute Leukemia Group B, have been characterized by increasing survival. In 1956, no child among the 39 studied lived 2 years. In 1966, 27% have survived five years, and programs of chemotherapy begun in 1968 and in 1971 by life-table technique project to even greater survival prediction. Each study program contains multiple regimens of chemotherapy. In the best regimen studied in 1966, intensive chemotherapy with eight months of repeated courses of methotrexate after vincristine-prednisone induction, with vincristine-prednisone reinforcement of the methotrexate treatment, singled out nine children of the 55 who still are alive and well without evidence of disease four years or more after completion of the last drug treatment. These children respond entirely differently from the other 46 children, each of whom relapsed within two years. Thus, the nine children have a good possibility
Low-Birth-Weight Infants Born to Adolescent Mothers
Authors: Sandra K. Pope, Leanne Whiteside, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Kelly J. Kelleher, Vaughn I. Rickert, Robert H. Bradley, Patrick H. Casey
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To explore the impact of young maternal age, coresidency with infant's grandmother, and other familial and environmental factors on development of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort analyses. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Eight medical institutions in different geographical locations participating in the Infant Health and Development Program. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Control population of 272 LBW, preterm infants enrolled in the Infant Health and Development Program born to mothers aged 15 to 24 years. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Child cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes at 36 months' gestation-corrected age. <h3>Results.</h3> —Maternal age was not significantly related to child development. Coresidence with infant's grandmother was associated with improved cognitive and health outcomes. Maternal ethnicity, maternal verbal ability, and other environmental factors were also associated with child outcomes. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Findings of this study support the need for programs that include the extended family of at-risk infants, providing education and literacy skills to the mothers and encouraging participation of all care givers of the child. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1396-1400)
Abstract IA10: Comprehensive proteomic analyses of TCGA ovarian cancer specimens: Update from CPTAC
Authors: Karin D. Rodland
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Cancer Genome Atlas project included ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma as one of the first four tumor types examined, and TCGA has currently completed comprehensive genomic analyses of over 500 HGSOC tumor specimens, including complete exome sequencing, SNP and methylation analysis, as well as mRNA and miRNA profiling. The Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) has collaborated with TCGA to provide equally comprehensive proteomic analysis of the same tumors analyzed by TCGA, including quantitative global proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and glycoproteomics. The objective of this study is to further understanding of the execution of genome-level aberrations at the protein level, and to identify functional changes associated with clinical outcome that may provide new insights into the mechanisms of disease progression, factors contributing to chemoresistance, and potentially the identification of new therapeutic targets. Initial analysis of a subset of the TCGA ovarian tumors at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes has provided preliminary evidence of pathway-level dysregulation associated with platinum resistance and poor clinical outcome. Citation Format: Karin D. Rodland. Comprehensive proteomic analyses of TCGA ovarian cancer specimens: Update from CPTAC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
681 THE PREVALENCE OF SERUM ANTI-MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIBODY USING RECOMBINANT AUTOANTIGENS DEMONSTRATES UNEXPECTEDLY HIGH RATES AND MALE REPRESENTATION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
Authors: C. Selmi, S. Pasini, P. Invernizzi, G. Colloredo, J. Franchi, V. Pozzoli, M. Bignotto, M. Zuin, M. Podda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
A new perspective: molecular motifs on oxidized LDL, apoptotic cells, and bacteria are targets for chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies
Authors: Anna Lanemo Myhrinder, Eva Hellqvist, Ekaterina Sidorova, Anita Söderberg, Helen Baxendale, Charlotte Dahle, Kerstin Willander, Gerard Tobin, Eva Bäckman, Ola Söderberg, Richard Rosenquist, Sohvi Hörkkö, Anders Rosén
Journal: Blood (2008)