tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytokine profile in HCV cirrhotic patients treated with colchicine,interferon-a2a and pentoxifylline
Authors: Sara Sixtos, Gabriela Gutierrez, Socorro Cruz, Graciela Castro, Ernesto Roldan, Rosa Maria Munoz, Maria Concepcion Gutierrez-Ruiz, Florencia Vargas, David Kershenobich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Micron-sized iron oxide-containing particles for microRNA-targeted manipulation and MRI-based tracking of transplanted cells
Authors: Annekatrin Leder, Nathanael Raschzok, Christian Schmidt, Duygu Arabacioglu, Antje Butter, Susanne Kolano, Luisa S. de Sousa Lisboa, Wiebke Werner, Dietrich Polenz, Anja Reutzel-Selke, Johann Pratschke, Igor M. Sauer
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Bullet in heart removed from knee
Authors: M. King
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Watching my own beating heart recently on an echocardiogram, I was reminded of the beating heart I held in my hand 23 years ago. In 1992, in a routine surgical list in Malawi, 8 year old Richard was rushed into the corridor. He had been shot in the chest by a friend while playing with a pump-up air gun that fired BB bullets. He was pale and pulseless, and there was a small clot on his sternum. The wet x ray chest film that came with him showed a bullet.⇓ A lateral x …
Measurement of volatile organic compounds in human blood.
Authors: D L Ashley, M A Bonin, F L Cardinali, J M McCraw, J V Wooten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important public health problem throughout the developed world. Many important questions remain to be addressed in assessing exposure to these compounds. Because they are ubiquitous and highly volatile, special techniques must be applied in the analytical determination of VOCs. The analytical methodology chosen to measure toxicants in biological materials must be well validated and carefully carried out; poor quality assurance can lead to invalid results that can have a direct bearing on treating exposed persons. The pharmacokinetics of VOCs show that most of the internal dose of these compounds is quickly eliminated, but there is a fraction that is only slowly removed, and these compounds may bioaccumulate. VOCs are found in the general population at the high parts-per-trillion range, but some people with much higher levels have apparently been exposed to VOC sources away from the workplace. Smoking is the most significant confounder to internal dose levels of VOCs and must be considered when evaluating suspected cases of exposure.
Bone marrow transplant raises issues of privacy
Authors: S. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“Sentenced to die by my sister—Leukaemia victim refused her only chance of transplant.” I was filled with repugnance when I saw this headline in the Daily Mail , but the newspaper achieved its aim as I borrowed a copy in order to read the whole article. The story is that of a woman in her 30s who presented with acute leukaemia three years ago, has relapsed, and expects that a bone marrow transplant will cure her.

A search through the international bone marrow donor registries produced no donor who was tissue compatible, so her sister, who has a phobia of hospitals, was induced to have a blood test and found to match. Sadly, the sister refused to donate her bone marrow, thus apparently condemning the patient to certain death.

Intellect then switched in for me for—while we do not know the type of acute leukaemia, the …
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF LOCAL VERSUS GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION USING A TRANSFEMORAL APPROACH: VARC-DEFINED OUTCOMES IN THE FRANCE 2 REGISTRY
Authors: Romain Chopard, Nicolas Meneveau, Sidney Chocron, Marie-France Seronde, Martine Gilard, Marc Laskar, Helene Eltchaninoff, Bernard Iung, Pascal Leprince, Emmanuel Teiger, Karine Chevreul, Alain Prat, Michel Lievre, Alain Leguerrier, Patrick Donzeau-Gouge, Jean Fajadet, Francois Schiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Water and health in Europe: an overview
Authors: T. Lack
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editorials by Brundtland and Pershagen 

There are many pressures on Europe's water resources. They arise from industrialisation, the intensification of agriculture, and changes in populations (not just growth, but also the move from rural to urban habitats). Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation is the most fundamental principle necessary to ensure the health and wealth of nations, and there is understandableconcern that this could be prejudiced by the unsustainable use and management of water.

Surface and underground water sources have a finite (and sometimes small)capacity for renewal, and societal pressures have an impact on the quality and quantity of the resource. It is essential that both quality and quantity are managed together and that this management is integrated into long term planning and policy development.



Conventional mechanical and biological treatment processes do not remove the plant nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) that often cause excessive growth of algae in fresh and coastal waters. The number of micro-organisms discharged usually renders the receiving water unfit for recreational purposes



Many parts of Europe are currently well provided with fresh water but it is unevenly distributed between and within countries, and there are shortages in a number of areas. A wide range of chemicals has been found in the water but evidence of their impact on health has often been difficult to identify. Problems of significant chemical contamination are often localised and may arise fromnatural geological conditions as well as from human activities. Not all households in Europe are supplied with piped drinking water; rural populations in the east of the continent are less well served. Treatment and disinfection of drinking water occurs inconsistently across the continent, andin areas where economic and political changes have led to a deterioration of infrastructure, a number of outbreaks of waterborne disease have occurred. Inadequate sewerage …
Suppurative Lymphadenitis with Caseous Tubercle Formation after BCG Vaccination
Authors: Robert G. Muth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

SINCE the introduction of BCG vaccine in 1921, it has been used extensively throughout Europe and, to a lesser extent, in South America, the Orient and the United States. Certain common and uncommon reactions have been noted with increasing frequency as the vaccination program gains acceptance. These include various types of tissue reactions such as regional lymphadenopathy, mediastinal adenitis, iridocyclitis, lesions resembling erythema nodosum, lupus vulgaris and miliary-type BCG infections, which usually tend to regress but in rare cases terminate fatally.In the case reported below regional suppurative adenitis with associated caseous tubercle formation followed the percutaneous type of vaccination . . .
Provision of rapid HIV tests within a health service and frequency of HIV testing among men who have sex with men: randomised controlled trial
Authors: T. R. H. Read, J. S. Hocking, C. S. Bradshaw, A. Morrow, A. E. Grulich, C. K. Fairley, M. Y. Chen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To determine if the provision of rapid HIV testing to men who have sex with men attending a health service would increase their frequency of HIV testing over time. <b>Design</b> Non-blinded randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Public sexual health service in Australia. <b>Participants</b> Men who reported having a male sexual partner within the previous year and an HIV test within the previous two years. Of 400 men entered, 370 (92.5%) completed the study. <b>Interventions</b> Men attending the service between September 2010 and March 2011 were randomised 1:1 to either ongoing access to rapid HIV testing obtained with finger prick or to conventional HIV serology with venepuncture, over 18 months. <b>Main outcome measure</b> The incidence of all HIV testing after enrolment, including testing outside the study clinic, analysed by intention to treat. <b>Results</b> Of 200 men randomised to the rapid testing arm, 196 were followed for 288 person years. Of 200 men randomised to the conventional testing arm, 194 were followed for 278 person years. Median time since the last HIV test was six months for both arms. Men in the rapid test arm had 469 tests (mean 1.63 tests a year), and men in the conventional test arm had 396 tests (mean 1.42 tests a year); incidence rate ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.38; P=0.12. In a post hoc analysis, rates of initial HIV testing during follow-up were 1.32 and 1.01 tests a year, respectively (1.32, 1.05 to 1.65; P=0.02). <b>Conclusions</b> Provision of access to rapid HIV testing in a health service did not result in a sustained increase over time in HIV testing by men who have sex with men; however, the rate of initial HIV testing did increase by a third. Further research is required to determine how to achieve sustained increases in the frequency of HIV testing by populations at risk. <b>Trial registration </b>ACTR No 12610000430033.
Association of Maternal Endothelial Dysfunction With Preeclampsia
Authors: John C. Chambers
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextPreeclampsia is believed to result from release of placental factors that damage maternal vascular endothelium. However, because most studies have been conducted during pregnancy, it has not been possible to separate maternal from placental mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia.ObjectiveTo determine whether endothelial function is impaired in nonpregnant women with previous preeclampsia and whether endothelial dysfunction is mediated by oxidative stress.Design and SettingCase-control study conducted at 3 hospital maternity units in London, England, between July 1997 and June 2000.ParticipantsA total of 113 women with previous preeclampsia (n = 35 with recurrent episodes; n = 78 with a single episode) and 48 women with previous uncomplicated pregnancies, all of whom were at least 3 months (median, 3 years) postpartum.Main Outcome MeasuresBrachial artery flow-mediated (endothelium-dependent) and glyceryl trinitrate–induced (endothelium-independent) dilatation were compared between previously preeclamptic women and controls. To investigate oxidative stress, these measurements were repeated after administration of ascorbic acid, 1 g intravenously, in 15 cases and 15 controls.ResultsMean (SD) flow-mediated dilatation was lower in women with previous preeclampsia compared with controls (recurrent group, 0.9% [4.1%]; single-episode group, 2.7% [3.5%]; and control group, 4.7% [4.3%]; P&lt;.001). In contrast, glyceryl trinitrate–induced dilatation was similar in the 3 groups (recurrent, 19.5% [5.9%]; single-episode, 21.0% [8.0%]; and control, 21.0% [8.3%]; P = .65). Impaired flow-mediated dilatation in previously preeclamptic women was not accounted for by recognized vascular risk factors. Ascorbic acid administration increased flow-mediated dilatation in previously preeclamptic women (baseline, 2.6% [3.3%]; after administration, 5.6% [3.0%]; P = .001) but not in controls (baseline, 6.2% [3.3%]; after administration, 6.7% [5.0%]; P = .72).ConclusionsOur results indicate that endothelial function is impaired in women with previous preeclampsia and is not explained by established maternal risk factors but is reversed by antioxidant ascorbic acid administration.
Pneumococcal Septicemia in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Darleen Powars
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection has been the predominant cause of death among children with sickle cell anemia (SS). We report our observed change in the pattern of progression of septicemia to meningitis and death in nonimmunized SS children who were not receiving prophylactic penicillin in the face of a persistently high incidence of pneumococcal disease. Of 233 SS children less than ages 6 years observed for 781 person-years, the overall incidence rate of pneumococcal septicemia was 5.9 episodes per 100 person-years. Prior to July 1972, of 23 children who had pneumococcal septicemia, eight (35%) died and meningitis developed in 15 (65%), whereas since July 1972, 11 children have had pneumococcal septicemia, but no children died and meningitis developed in only two (18%). This decrease in major morbidity is attributed to the establishment of a clinical program that provides close medical supervision of the SS child with fever and the rapid institution of parenteral antibiotic therapy.
The Tango and Tangle of Human Papillomavirus and the Human Genome
Authors: Robert D. Burk, Rob DeSalle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Affi liations of authors: Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (RDB); Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY (RD). Correspondence to: Robert D. Burk, MD, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Ullmann Bldg., Rm. 515, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461 (e-mail: burk@aecom.yu.edu ).
Feeding S -adenosyl-l-methionine attenuates both ethanol-induced depletion of mitochondrial glutathione and mitochondrial dysfunction in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes
Authors: Carmen García-Ruiz, Albert Morales, Anna Colell, Antonio Ballesta, Joan Rodés, Neil Kaplowitz, José C. Fernández-Checa
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Mitochondrial glutathione plays an important role in maintaining a functionally competent organelle. Previous studies have shown that ethanol feeding selectively depletes the mitochondrial glutathione pool, more predominantly in mitochondria from perivenous hepatocytes. Because S -adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a glutathione precursor and maintains the structure and function of biological membranes, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of SAM on glutathione and function of perivenous (PV) and periportal (PP) mitochondria from chronic ethanol-fed rats. SAM administration resulted in a significant increase in the basal cytosol and mitochondrial glutathione in both PP and PV cells from both pair-fed or ethanol-fed groups. When hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats supplemented with SAM were incubated with methionine plus serine or N -acetylcysteine, mitochondrial glutathione increased in parallel with cytosol, an effect not observed in cells from ethanol-fed rats without SAM. Feeding equimolar N -acetylcysteine raised cytosol glutathione but did not prevent the mitochondrial glutathione defect. In addition, SAM feeding resulted in significant preservation of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels (23% to 43%), mitochondrial membrane potential (17% to 25%), and the uncoupler control ratio (UCR) of respiration (from 5.1 ± 0.7 to 7.3 ± 0.6 and 2.1 ± 0.3 to 6.1 ± 0.7) for PP and PV mitochondria, respectively. Thus, these effects of SAM suggest that it may be a useful agent to preserve the disturbed mitochondrial integrity in liver disease caused by alcoholism through maintenance of mitochondrial glutathione transport. (Hepatology 1995;21:207-214).
Incorporation of therapeutically modified bacteria into gut microbiota inhibits obesity
Authors: Zhongyi Chen, Lilu Guo, Yongqin Zhang, Rosemary L. Walzem, Julie S. Pendergast, Richard L. Printz, Lindsey C. Morris, Elena Matafonova, Xavier Stien, Li Kang, Denis Coulon, Owen P. McGuinness, Kevin D. Niswender, Sean S. Davies
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are widespread in Westernized nations. Gut microbiota composition is a contributing factor to the susceptibility of an individual to the development of these disorders; therefore, altering a person’s microbiota may ameliorate disease. One potential microbiome-altering strategy is the incorporation of modified bacteria that express therapeutic factors into the gut microbiota. For example, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are precursors to the N-acylethanolamide (NAE) family of lipids, which are synthesized in the small intestine in response to feeding and reduce food intake and obesity. Here, we demonstrated that administration of engineered NAPE-expressing E. coli Nissle 1917 bacteria in drinking water for 8 weeks reduced the levels of obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mice that received modified bacteria had dramatically lower food intake, adiposity, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis compared with mice receiving standard water or control bacteria. The protective effects conferred by NAPE-expressing bacteria persisted for at least 4 weeks after their removal from the drinking water. Moreover, administration of NAPE-expressing bacteria to TallyHo mice, a polygenic mouse model of obesity, inhibited weight gain. Our results demonstrate that incorporation of appropriately modified bacteria into the gut microbiota has potential as an effective strategy to inhibit the development of metabolic disorders.
Need for U-40 Insulin
Authors: Jack Rabin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Food and Drug Administration is conducting hearings with the view of discontinuing certification for the production of U-80 and U-40 insulin with those products being replaced by U-100 insulin. The zeal to change insulin dosages to 100-unit metric measurements in some instances may not be clinically wise. A number of diabetic patients, particularly the elderly, are unable to make fine measurements because their hands shake and because their vision is poor. Generally it is easier for an elderly diabetic patient to make measurements with the U-40 insulin than with the U-100 insulin. Low-dose syringes are available and are a partial help for the problem. Greater attention should be paid to the difficulties of handicapped patients in making accurate measurements with insulin if the drug is to be exclusively of the U-100 dosage form.
Shift to an Involvement of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Angiotensin II Actions on Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Neurons of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Chengwen Sun, Jasenka Zubcevic, Jaimie W. Polson, Jeffrey T. Potts, Carlos Diez-Freire, Qi Zhang, Julian F.R. Paton, Mohan K. Raizada
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Rationale: Central angiotensin (Ang) II inhibits baroreflex and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Objective: Our objective in the present study was to characterize the signal transduction mechanism of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) involvement in Ang II–induced stimulation of central neuronal activity in cultured neurons and Ang II–induced inhibition of baroreflex in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) versus WKY rats. Methods and Results: Application of Ang II to neurons produced a 42% greater increase in neuronal firing in cells from the SHR than the WKY rat. Although the Ang II–mediated increase in firing rate was abolished entirely by the protein kinase (PK)C inhibitor GF109230 in the WKY, blockade of both PKC and PI3K activity was necessary in the SHR. This was associated with an increased ability of Ang II to stimulate NADPH oxidase–reactive oxygen species (ROS)–mediated signaling involving phosphorylation of the p47phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase and was dependent on the activation of PI3K in the SHR. Inhibition of PI3K resulted in the reduction of levels of p47phox phosphorylation, NADPH oxidase activity, ROS levels, and ultimately neuronal activity in cells from the SHR but not the WKY rat. In addition, in working heart–brainstem preparations, inhibition of PKC activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract in situ abolished the Ang II–mediated depression of cardiac and sympathetic baroreceptor reflex gain in the WKY. In contrast, PKC inhibition in the nucleus of the solitary tract of SHR only partially reduced the effect of Ang II on the baroreceptor reflex gain. Conclusions: These observations demonstrate that PI3K in the cardiovascular brainstem regions of the SHR may be selectively involved in Ang II–mediated signaling that includes a reduction in baroreceptor reflex function, presumably via a NADPH-ROS mediated pathway.
TCT-314 A Bridging Solution For Hybrid Operating Suites: Periprocedural New Generation C-arm Imaging During Cardiac Interventional Procedures
Authors: Guy Friedrich, Thomas Bartel, Thomas Schachner, Gudrun Feuchtner, Michael Grimm, Silvana Mueller, Ludwig Mueller, Otmar Pachinger, Nikos Bonaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cytokine-Activated Endothelial Cells Delay Neutrophil Apoptosis in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Angela Coxon, Tao Tang, Tanya N. Mayadas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The activation of endothelium is important in recruiting neutrophils to sites of inflammation and in modulating their function. We demonstrate that conditioned medium from cultured, activated endothelial cells acts to significantly delay the constitutive apoptosis of neutrophils, resulting in their enhanced survival and increased phagocytic function. The antiapoptotic activity is, in part, attributable to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secreted by activated endothelial cells. The in vivo relevance of these findings was investigated in a cytokine-induced model of acute meningitis in mice. Peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs) from mice with meningitis exhibited a delay in apoptosis compared with untreated mice. Furthermore, neutrophils recovered from the inflamed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibited enhanced survival compared with neutrophils isolated from the peripheral blood of the same animals. In unchallenged GM-CSF–deficient mice, the apoptosis of circulating PBNs was similar to wild-type animals; however, after cytokine-induced meningitis, the delay in neutrophil apoptosis typically observed in wild-type mice was attenuated. In contrast, the apoptosis of neutrophils recovered from the CSF of mice of both genotypes was comparable. Taken together, these studies suggest that neutrophil apoptosis is regulated during an inflammatory response, in both intravascular and extravascular compartments. GM-CSF released by activated endothelium can act to increase neutrophil survival and function in the peripheral blood, whereas other factor(s) appear to perform this function in the extravascular space.