tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN NITROGENOUS METABOLISM AFTER PARATHYROIDECTOMY
Authors: Jean V. Cooke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

That the function of the parathyroids is in some manner connected with the metabolism of protein was suggested in I894 by the experiments of Verstraeten and Vanderlinden, 1 who observed that the tetany following parathyroidectomy was more violent and appeared sooner after the operation if the animals were kept on a meat diet.Within the past two years, MacCallum and Voegtlin, 2 in a study of dogs with parathyroid tetany, found in the urine an increase in the excretion of total nitrogen and ammonia with an increased ammonia ratio.In the blood there was noticed an increase in the amount of ammonia during tetany, and in one case lactic acid was found.Underhill and Saiki 3 found an increased ammonia percentage excretion after complete thyroparathyroidectomy, and Berkeley and Beebe* state that they have confirmed this.Later Underhill and Hildilch ~ found that this increased percentage of ammonia in the urine was not present after thyroidectomy alone.Musser and Goodman, 6 in a study of a case of tetany following removal of the thyroid and presumably the parathyroids, report a greatly increased excretion in urinary ammonia.In addition to the foregoing observations on metabolism, Thompson and
Comment: The Lymph Node Barrier
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The concept of curability of testicular tumors is focused in the management of the regional retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The first tenet is the predictability of spread to regional lymph nodes. The second tenet is the barrier function of lymph nodes which effectively filter and trap tumor cells, delaying spread into the blood stream via the thoracic duct. By definition, the patient with a favorable prognosis is one who has metastatic disease confined to the regional lymph nodes. It follows that the critical strategem for cure is the successful ablation of these nodes. The lymph node barrier has been the basis for elective dissections or prophylactic irradiation of regional lymph nodes in the management of many primary cancers. The proof of its existence has been inferred from clinical observations. However, reassessment of survival figures related to elective treatment of regional nodes is subject to much argument; one need only refer to
Nasotracheal Intubation in the Presence of Facial Fractures
Authors: Walter P. Zmyslowski
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As an anesthesiologist and an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, respectively, at Boston City Hospital, a major trauma center, we would like to comment on Dr Hall's<sup>1</sup>answer regarding nasotracheal intubation in a patient with fractures of the femur, mandible, and maxilla. Although not mandatory, it is preferable that maxillary and mandibular fractures be reduced and immobilized with intermaxillary fixation as soon as reasonably possible, as traumatic edema is at a minimum and delay in immobilization enhances the possibility of infection at compound fracture sites. In addition, early stabilization of maxillary fractures helps resolve rhinorrhea of cerebral fluid from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. The reduction and stabilization of maxillary fractures require placing the patient's teeth in proper occlusion. Oral intubation significantly impedes this. Each patient and situation must be individually assessed and treated. A Le Fort I fracture of the maxilla does not involve
Comparisons of Studies on Diabetic Complications Hampered by Differences in GHb Measurements
Authors: Carin E Kullberg, Anders Bergström, Bo Dinesen, Lasse Larsson, Randie R Little, David E Goldstein, Hans J Arnqvist
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To compare glycated hemoglobin (GHb) values of the relationship between glycemic control and complications of diabetes from laboratories involved in long-term studies (Steno, Oslo, Stockholm, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, and Linköping.)Blood samples were collected from 25 subjects selected to represent the clinically relevant measurement range. Fresh whole-blood samples were distributed and analyzed within 4 days of sample collection. Pretreatment of samples and analyses of GHb were performed according to the routine method of each study's central or reference laboratory. Results from each laboratory were compared with the group mean, i.e., the mean of all results for each sample.Regression analyses with the group mean values as independent variables and results from each laboratory as dependent variables showed that Oslo's result had a slope significantly different from the group mean. Laboratories used by the DCCT, Oslo, and Steno studies gave, on average, 0.4, 0.4, and 0.7% higher HbA1c readings than the group mean, respectively, while HbA1c results from Linköping and Stockholm were, on average, 0.6 and 1.0% lower, respectively.There were large differences in GHb values among laboratories participating in studies of diabetic complications. The present data offer a guide to the comparison of results from the studies and underscores the need for standardization of GHb measurements.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ST SEGMENT RE-ELEVATION AND MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION MEASURED BY INTRACORONARY DOPPLER FLOW VELOCITY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Atsushi Yamamuro, Shuichiro Kaji, Koichi Tamita, Makoto Kinoshita, Natsuhiko Ehara, Takeshi Kitai, Kitae Kim, Atsushi Kobori, Tomoko Tani, Shigefumi Morioka, Toru Kita, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Return of the<i>Times</i>— Pickets and Counter Pickets — Escalating Damages — Humor in Medicine
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE return of the London Times after publication had been suspended for nearly a year on account of a prolonged industrial dispute, largely concerned with levels of manpower and the introduction of new technology, has been generally welcomed although it is not too clear how much has been achieved by either side.The issue of November 13 was the first to appear since November 30, 1978, and the newspaper resumed its customary task of commenting on the affairs of the nation in a wide ranging editorial,1 which warned that low productivity is the industrial disease that is threatening to kill . . .
Sulphonamide in Genito-urinary (Non-gonococcal) Infections
Authors: A. J. Cokkinis
Journal: BMJ (1938)

Cerebrospinal Fluid fronm Cistertial Punicture.-Whitecells, 23 per c.mm.; red cells, nil.Differential count: small mononuclears, 20 per cent.; large mononuclears, 80 per cent.; polymorphs, nil.B. tuberculosis was not detected, and no growth was obtained after aerobic cultivation at 370 C.The Wassermann reaction was negative, and the blood sedimentation rate 22 mm.per hour on October 26, 1937, and 11 mm.per hour on January 1, 1938.Summary 1.A short review of the literature and an account of the condition are given.2. A case is described in which early operation was followed by complete recovery.3. The importance of full investigation in cases present- ing severe and persistent pain in the back with motor symptoms in the lower extremities is stressed, in order to eliminate a diagnosis of myelitis or poliomyelitis, which would prevent an operation that might be the means of saving the patient's life.
THE OPEN AIR TREATMENT OF CONSUMPTIVES WHO CAN NOT SEEK CHANGE OF CLIMATE.
Authors: ROBERT H. BABCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The importance of climatotherapy in the treatment of consumption was recognized even by the ancients. As long ago as the time of Hippocrates and his immediate successors it was held that consumptives should be removed to a distance from the locality in which they had contracted their disease. From that day to this, physicians have been in the habit of ordering change of climate for their phthisical patients in the belief that in a judicious and early employment of climatotherapy lies the consumptive's best hope of recovery. Much thought and investigation have been given to the determination of those qualities of climate to which its remedial virtues may be attributed. These would seem to be dryness, high altitude, equability and purity. Yet that dryness and high elevation are not fundamental requirements for all cases, is shown by the fact that some patients do well in sea stations such as the
Liver X receptor α (LXRα/NR1H3) regulates differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells via reciprocal regulation of HNF4α
Authors: Kai-Ting Chen, Kelig Pernelle, Yuan-Hau Tsai, Yu-Hsuan Wu, Jui-Yu Hsieh, Ko-Hsun Liao, Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo, Hsei-Wei Wang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Duplicative Transfer of a MADS Box Gene to a Plant Y Chromosome
Authors: S. Matsunaga
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Y chromosomes carry genes with functions in male reproduction and often have few other loci. Their evolution and the causes of genetic degeneration are of great interest. In addition to genetic degeneration, the acquisition of autosomal genes may be important in Y chromosome evolution. We here report that the dioecious plant Silene latifolia harbors a complete MADS box gene, SlAP3Y, duplicated onto the Y chromosome. This gene has no X-linked homologs but only an autosomal paralog, SlAP3A, and sequence divergence suggests that the duplication is a quite old event that occurred soon after the evolution of the sex chromosomes. Evolutionary sequence analyses using homologs of closely related species, including hermaphroditic Silene conica and dioecious Silene dioica and Silene diclinis, suggest that both SlAP3A and SlAP3Y genes encode functional proteins. Indeed, quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses showed that SlAP3A is expressed specifically in developing petals, but SlAP3Y is much more strongly expressed in developing stamens. The S. conica homolog, ScAP3A, is expressed in developing petals, suggesting subfunctionalization with evolution of male-specific functions, possibly due to evolutionary change in regulatory elements. Our results suggest that the acquisition of autosomal genes is an important event in the evolution of plant Y chromosomes.
Disturbances of Rhythmicity and Conduction.
Authors: B. F. Hoffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Disturbances of Rhythmicity and Conduction.B. F. Hoffman, M.D.B. F. Hoffman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-667_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElectrocardiographic records are employed to show the type of disturbance of rhythm or conduction. Such records often indicate the site of ectopic pacemakers, the site of disturbed conduction, or both. However, to obtain information on the mechanism responsible for altered rhythmicity or detailed information on the exact localization and mechanism of conduction disturbances, other techniques are necessary. Two which have been employed with some success in recent years are microelectrode studies of single cardiac fibers in isolated preparations and direct records from the specialized conducting system in intact hearts. Results obtained through use of these techniques are described in an... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooklyn, N. Y. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 667-668KeywordsElectrocardiographyElectrode recordingHeartLongitudinal studiesPacemakers Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Biochemical Association of CD45 with the T Cell Receptor Complex
Authors: David Leitenberg, Yvan Boutin, Dan Dan Lu, Kim Bottomly
Journal: Immunity (1999)

CD45 is the predominant transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase in lymphocytes and is required for the efficient induction of T cell receptor signaling and activation. However, the regulation of CD45 activity and substrate specificity are poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate a basal biochemical association of CD45 with the T cell receptor complex that is regulated in part by CD45 isoform expression. Further, maintenance of CD45/TCR association is differentially regulated following TCR ligation with peptide: a partial agonist peptide induces CD45/TCR dissociation while an agonist peptide promotes sustained association in a CD4-dependent manner. These data suggest that T cell receptor signaling pathways may be modulated by altering access of CD45 to TCR-associated substrates involved in T cell activation.
De inertia urbanorum
Authors: R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1994)

When I first started using a bicycle for my home visits in central London 22 years ago I had in mind only fine sunny days.But I saved even more time when it was wet, for the cars then clogged the streets in even greater numbers.Now, 87 000 cycling km (54 000 miles) later, the disparity between the slowness ofthe motor car and the swiftness of the bicycle is so apparent that some comparison of these vehicles-and their effects-is called for.In the first century BC Cicero knew the difference between inertia and velocitas.But he can hardly have imagined, or been equipped to analyse, the complexities of the machines and mechanisms now in question, even though the remarkably quiet and highly developed power unit of the modem bicycle is identical in all important respects to that used by the ancient Romans in getting themselves on foot to the forum.Furthermore, the efficiency of the car engine in converting chemical energy into mechanical work is only 20%/ whereas that of the cyclist is about 25%.2This is hardly surprising, for our fuelling, motor, and control systems have been refined and tested, often to destruction, under appallingly rigorous conditions over 500 million years.Fortunately, we can still use this clean and extremely complex equipment to advantage even in 20th century London, although not while we remain strapped in our cars.It is a source of
Poly(ether-ether-ketone) orthopedic bearing surface modified by self-initiated surface grafting of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)
Authors: Masayuki Kyomoto, Toru Moro, Shihori Yamane, Masami Hashimoto, Yoshio Takatori, Kazuhiko Ishihara
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Mechanisms of Acquired Androgen Independence during Arsenic-Induced Malignant Transformation of Human Prostate Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Mukta M. Webber, Michael P. Waalkes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Prostate cancer progression often occurs with overexpression of growth factors and receptors, many of which engage the Ras/mitogen-activated protein MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway.
Relation between intake and plasma concentration of vitamin C in elderly women.
Authors: H M Newton, D B Morgan, C J Schorah, R P Hullin
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Relation between intake and plasma concentration of vitamin C in elderly womenThe plasma concentration of vitamin C is relatively low in the elderly, particularly those in long stay hospitals,' but it is not clear to what extent these low concentrations are due to low intake.We examined the relation between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin C in elderly women living at home and in long stay hospitals.
P69The microRNA-221/222 family is differentially regulated in cardiac disease and counteracts pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in mice
Authors: T Peters, M Bijnen, M Rech, R Van Leeuwen, W Derks, LJ De Windt, S Heymans, B Schroen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Despite major advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, heart failure (HF) remains one of the top causes of death world-wide. The implications of microRNAs in this process are well accepted but still only incompletely understood. The microRNAs 221-3p and 222-3p are processed from a common precursor and share the same seed sequence and thus form the microRNA-221/222 family (miR-221/222). Both microRNAs were found to be involved in myoblast differentiation and are upregulated after aortic banding in mice. We therefore hypothesized that the miR-221/222 family is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and failure upon pressure overload.
Microenvironmental VEGF concentration, not total dose, determines a threshold between normal and aberrant angiogenesis
Authors: Clare R. Ozawa, Andrea Banfi, Nicole L. Glazer, Gavin Thurston, Matthew L. Springer, Peggy E. Kraft, Donald M. McDonald, Helen M. Blau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Use of long-term constitutive expression of VEGF for therapeutic angiogenesis may be limited by the growth of abnormal blood vessels and hemangiomas. We investigated the relationship between VEGF dosage and the morphology and function of newly formed blood vessels by implanting retrovirally transduced myoblasts that constitutively express VEGF164 into muscles of adult mice. Reducing VEGF dosage by decreasing the total number of VEGF myoblasts implanted did not prevent vascular abnormalities. However, when clonal populations of myoblasts homogeneously expressing different levels of VEGF were implanted, a threshold between normal and aberrant angiogenesis was found. Clonal myoblasts that expressed low to medium levels of VEGF induced growth of stable, pericyte-coated capillaries of uniform size that were not leaky and became VEGF independent, as shown by treatment with the potent VEGF blocker VEGF-TrapR1R2. In contrast, clones that expressed high levels of VEGF induced hemangiomas. Remarkably, when different clonal populations were mixed, even a small proportion of cells with high production of VEGF was sufficient to cause hemangioma growth. These results show for the first time to our knowledge that the key determinant of whether VEGF-induced angiogenesis is normal or aberrant is the microenvironmental amount of growth factor secreted, rather than the overall dose. Long-term continuous delivery of VEGF, when maintained below a threshold microenvironmental level, can lead to normal angiogenesis without other exogenous growth factors.
Elevated <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Antibodies, Cardiovascular Events, and Azithromycin in Male Survivors of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sandeep Gupta, Edward W. Leatham, David Carrington, Michael A. Mendall, Juan Carlos Kaski, A. John Camm
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The clinical significance of the association between elevated anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) antibody titres and coronary heart disease (CHD) is unclear. We explored the relationship between antibodies against Cp and future cardiovascular events in male survivors of myocardial infarction (MI). The effect of azithromycin antibiotic therapy was assessed in a subgroup of post-MI patients.We screened 220 consecutive male survivors of MI for anti-Cp antibodies. Of these, 213 patients were stratified into three groups: group Cp-ve (n=59), no detectable Cp antibodies; group Cp-I (n=74), intermediate titres of 1/8 to 1/32 dilution; and group Cp+ve (n=80), seropositive at > or = 1/64 dilution. Patients with persisting seropositivity of > or = 1/64 were randomized to either oral azithromycin (Cp+ve-A, 500 mg/d for 3 days [n=28] or 500 mg/d for 6 days [n=12]) or placebo (Cp+ve-P, n=20). Cp+ve-NR (n=20) represented patients not recruited into the antibiotic trial. The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events (over a mean follow-up period of 18+/-4 months) was recorded and shown to increase with increasing anti-Cp titre: Cp-ve, n=4 (7%); Cp-I, n=11 (15%); Cp+ve-NR, n=6 (30%); and Cp+ve-P, n=5 (25%). Cp+ve-NR and Cp+ve-P groups had a fourfold-increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events compared with the Cp-ve group (odds ratio [OR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 15.5; P=.03). In contrast, the OR for cardiovascular events in patients receiving azithromycin (Cp+ve-A, single or double course) was the same as in the Cp-ve group (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.2 to 4.6, P=NS). Patients receiving azithromycin were more likely to experience a decrease in IgG anti-Cp titres than were those in the placebo group (P=.02).An increased anti-Cp antibody titre may be a predictor for further adverse cardiovascular events in post-MI patients. Taking a short course of azithromycin may lower this risk, possibly by acting against Cp.
Which index of peak expiratory flow is most useful in the management of stable asthma?
Authors: H K Reddel, C M Salome, J K Peat, A J Woolcock
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Calculation of diurnal peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability using values before and after bronchodilator is no longer possible for many asthmatic patients because they now use beta-agonists "as needed" for symptoms rather than regularly. This study assesses the usefulness of a number of alternative PEF indices as markers of airway liability in subjects with stable, although not necessarily well-controlled, asthma. Forty-six adult subjects completed a questionnaire about symptoms and treatment in the previous 3 mo. Spirometric function and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were assessed; AHR was expressed as dose response ratio (DRR) (maximal percent fall in FEV1 divided by final dose of histamine). Subjects recorded PEF morning and evening, before and after bronchodilator (if used) for 2 wk. Nine different PEF indices were calculated. Diurnal variability (amplitude percent maximum) without bronchodilator was significantly less than diurnal variability with bronchodilator. Normal indices of PEF lability were found in 42% of subjects with reduced maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF). Most of the PEF indices correlated strongly with DRR, and less strongly with symptom score and airway obstruction. Minimum morning prebronchodilator PEF over a week (expressed as percent recent best or percent predicted) is recommended as the best PEF index of airway lability in patients with stable asthma because it correlates strongly with AHR, patients are more likely to comply with a once-daily reading, the calculation is simple, and regular use of a beta-agonist is not required.