tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Passive Immunization against Measles
Authors: J. C. Ward
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MDICLJURAL the total population it will show that each pers'on gets 2,900 calories per day, but of cours'e this gives a wholly'wrong'in- terpretation of the facts, since those who can eat in restaurants must consume more calories than those who cannot afford to do so.Many of my national health insurance patients cannot afford to purchase meals in restaurants, and, as Lord Cherwell has so wittily pointed out, these unfortunate people will haVe to consume either 100 oz.'(2.8 kg.) of fish, or 5 lb.(2.2 kg.) of potatoes, or 200 oz.(5.7 kg.) of cabbage in order to make up a deficient 1,300 calories.This is a gargantuan task which'is beyond the ability of any patientf'I have at the present moment.-Iam, etc.,
The post sepsis-induced expansion and enhanced function of regulatory T cells create an environment to potentiate tumor growth
Authors: Karen A. Cavassani, William F. Carson, Ana Paula Moreira, Haitao Wen, Matthew A. Schaller, Makoto Ishii, Dennis M. Lindell, Yali Dou, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Venkateshwar G. Keshamouni, Cory M. Hogaboam, Steven L. Kunkel
Journal: Blood (2010)
In screening for breast cancer, clinical examination is as effective as mammography
Authors: I. Mittra
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The real ethics of rationing Purchasers, not surgeons, control waiting listsEditor-I applaud the BMJ's efforts to bring the important issue of rationing to the fore, but I cannot allow one aspect of Light's contribution to go without challenge. 1Under the heading "parasitic privatisation" he says, "to top it off, the surgeons control the waiting lists" (to encourage patients into the private sector).I despair that someone of his academic stature should show such a lack of understanding of the purchaser-provider split that we have had in the NHS for the past six years.In the vast majority of cases we as surgeons have a contract with purchasers that places an upper limit on the number of patients on whom we can operate.Thus surgeons have no control over the number of patients having surgery and therefore, by definition, over the waiting list.The role of the surgeon is to prioritise, on clinical grounds, within the contracted number.If surgeons are to operate on more patients then purchasers must contract for more operations.The onus to reduce waiting time, and therefore encourage patients not to use the private sector, lies solely with the purchasers.
Chemokines play a critical role in the cross-regulation of Th1 and Th17 immune responses in murine crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Hans-Joachim Paust, Jan-Eric Turner, Jan-Hendrik Riedel, Erik Disteldorf, Anett Peters, Tilman Schmidt, Christian Krebs, Joachim Velden, Hans-Willi Mittrücker, Oliver M. Steinmetz, Rolf A.K. Stahl, Ulf Panzer
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Present-Day Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Gilbert Horrax, Magnus I. Smedal, John G. Trump, Richard C. Granke, K. A. Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

WHEN adenomas of the pituitary gland first began to be diagnosed during the last decade of the nineteenth century the only method of relieving the pressure on the optic nerves and chiasm was by some type of surgical procedure. In those early days the intracranial approach proved too hazardous, and most surgeons soon made use of a transphenoidal operation in the development of which Dr. Oscar Hirsch, of Vienna (now of Boston), was one of the pioneers. In the late 1920's the intracranial procedure became much more perfected, and most neurosurgeons since that time have utilized this method, believing that . . .
Establishment of a common acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (LC4‐1) and effects of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on the surface antigen expression of the cell line
Authors: Tomohide Yoshimura, Mitsufumi Mayumi, Tohru Yorifuji, Kwang‐Myong Kim, Toshio Heike, Takeshi Miyanomae, Keisuke Shinomiya, Haruki Mikawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract A common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line, designated LC4‐1, was established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with acute non‐T‐cell ALL. LC4‐1 cells were characteristically positive for Ia, B4, and common ALL antigens (CALLA), but negative for B2, Tac, T3, T4, T8, T11, and M1 antigens and E‐rosette formation. Approximately 30% of LC4‐1 cells expressed detectable amounts of B1 antigens. LC4‐1 cells expressed neither Epstein‐Barr‐virus–associated nuclear antigen (EBNA), cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (cIg) nor surface immunoglobulins (sIg). Gene rearrangements had already occurred in LC4‐1 in the D‐J region of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, but not in T‐cell receptor (β‐chain) genes, suggesting that LC4‐1 is a progenitor cell line of B‐cell lineage earlier than pre‐B‐cells. The expression of cell surface antigens of LC4‐1 was changed by treatment with 4‐phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) (0.1 ng/ml) for 2 days. Before treatment with PMA, about 98% of LC4‐1 cells were positive for B4, CALLA, and Ia. However, following treatment they lost CALLA expression without any change in expression of Ia and B4. There was no change in B1‐positive population. The change in surface antigens on LC4‐1 cells seems to be due to differentiation induced in the cells by PMA. These results support the hypothesis that CALLA is a differentiation antigen and suggest one possible differentiation pathway for pre‐B‐cells.
LEFT ATRIAL STASIS AND VWF-ADAMTS 13 SYSTEM IN AATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Waldemar E. Wysokinski, Ewa Konik, Robert D. McBane, Susan J. Eifert Rain, Dong Chen, Edyta Sutkowska, Thomas G. McLeod, Paul A. Friedman, Naser M. Ammash
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Role of Social Capital in Successful Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Africa
Authors: Agnes Binagwaho, Niloo Ratnayake
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

In the late 1990s and early 21st century, some public health officials in the Western world believed that Africans would never be compliant with antiretroviral therapy (ART) because the continent's uneducated, illiterate population was driven by day-to-day concerns without much thought for the long-term future. On top of this, many claimed that ART was a luxury for Africans and that the complex disease would be too difficult for African doctors to manage in the middle of nowhere with no water or electricity. Some went so far as to insist that giving ART to a likely noncompliant population would create drug resistance and were willing to sacrifice Africa for the good of global public health [1].

However, recent research has shown that levels of adherence to ART in sub-Saharan Africa are in fact higher than those in North America [2]. Why are Africans with HIV more adherent to ART than their counterparts in North America despite being less educated about HIV and having more obstacles to overcome? A new study by Norma Ware and colleagues published in PLoS Medicine sets out to answer this complicated question [3]. This study investigates the surprising finding that Africans would want to take drugs that would give them life and keep them healthy. Anthropologically, this first question leads to another complex question: Why is it that when things are successful in Africa the rest of the world looks for a reason, but when things fail, there are few who question the failure?
New Priorities for Future Biomedical Innovations
Authors: Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Since 1900, life expectancy at birth has increased by an unprecedented 30 years in the United States and other developed countries. Before World War II, most of the gains resulted from improvements in nonmedical factors: nutrition, sanitation, housing, and public health measures. Since World War II, however, biomedical innovations (new drugs, devices, and procedures) have been the primary source of increases in longevity. These innovations have also been the most important reason why health care expenditures have grown 2.8% per year more rapidly than the rest of the economy over the past 30 years.1 Will the future simply be a . . .
INTENSIVE TREATMENT OF ACUTE TETANUS
Authors: W. D. Lovelock-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1933)

Infants, including newborn babies, experience pain similarly and probably more intensely than older children and adults. They are also at risk of adverse long term effects on behaviour and development, through inadequate attention towards pain relief in early life. However, the issue of analgesia in young babies has been largely neglected in most clinical settings, despite subjecting them to painful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Several therapeutic and preventive strategies, including systemic and local pharmacological and non-pharamacological interventions, are reported to be effective in relieving pain in infants. A judicious application of these interventions, backed by awareness and sensitivity to pain perception, on the part of the caregivers is likely to yield the best results. This article is a review of the mechanisms of pain perception, objective assessment, and management strategies of pain in infants.
Granulopoietic activity in Felty's syndrome.
Authors: R Gupta, W A Robinson, D Albrecht
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

The levels of urinary and serum granulopoietic factor have been determined in nine patients with Felty9s syndrome and compared with similar levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis without Felty9s syndrome and patients with neutropenic disorders of other causes. These studies have shown that urinary and serum levels of colony stimulating activity (CSA) in patients with Felty9s syndrome are low (mean urine CSA 10.0 and serum CSA 4.0) when compared to patients with neutropenic disorders without rheumatoid arthritis (mean urinary CSA 26.8 and serum CSA 9.4). These findings suggest that Felty9s syndrome may be, in part, the result of decreased production or activity of granulopoietic factors rather than due simply to increased granulocyte destruction.
743 NATURALLY OCCURRING DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS NS3 PROTEASE IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS TREATED WITH HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Authors: M. Bottecchia, A. Madejón, M. Sánchez-Carillo, P. Labarga, J. García-Samaniego, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
CD2-mediated autocrine growth of herpes virus saimiri-transformed human T lymphocytes.
Authors: H W Mittrücker, I Müller-Fleckenstein, B Fleckenstein, B Fleischer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Herpes virus saimiri (HVS) immortalizes T lymphocytes from a variety of primates and causes acute T cell lymphomas and leukemias in nonnatural primate hosts. Here we have analyzed the requirements for growth of three HVS-transformed human T cell lines. The cells expressed the phenotype of activated T cells: two were CD4+, and one was CD8+. All three cells responded to all allogeneic human cell lines tested with enhanced proliferation, production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), and increased expression of the IL-2 receptor. Binding of CD2 to its ligand CD58 was the critical event mediating stimulation because: (a) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CD2 and to CD58, but not to a variety of other surface structures, blocked induced and spontaneous proliferation and IL-2 production; (b) only anti-CD2 mAbs were stimulatory if crosslinked; (c) a nonstimulatory cell was rendered stimulatory by CD58 transfection; and (d) the cells responded specifically to CD58 on sheep red blood cells. Growth of the cells required activation because cyclosporin A and FK506 blocked stimulator cell-induced IL-2 production and proliferation as well as the spontaneous growth of the lines. Antibodies to the IL-2 receptor reduced proliferation of the cells and blocked IL-2 utilization. Taken together, these results show that HVS-transformed T cells proliferate in response to CD2-mediated contact with stimulator cells or with each other in an IL-2-dependent fashion. They suggest that HVS transforms human T cells to an activation-dependent autocrine growth.
Complete Suppression of the Symptoms of Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria by Long-Term Treatment with High-Level Transfusions
Authors: Sergio Piomelli, Maureen B. Poh-Fitzpatrick, Carol Seaman, Lawrence M. Skolnick, Walter E. Berdon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

CONGENITAL erythropoietic porphyria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of heme biosynthesis that is secondary to reduced (10 to 30 percent of normal) uroporphyrinogen cosynthase activity.1 In patients with the disorder, large amounts of porphyrinogens of the isomer I variety accumulate and are converted by spontaneous oxidation into their corresponding photoactive porphyrins. The clinical syndrome includes severe cutaneous photosensitivity and hemolytic anemia, both of which are usually present at birth.2 Porphyrin deposition gives the teeth a fluorescent, red-brown appearance. Exposure of the skin to sunlight results in the formation of subepidermal bullae and deep erosions that heal with unsightly scars; . . .
Acetaminophen and the U.S. acute liver failure study group: Lowering the risks of hepatic failure
Authors: William M. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause for calls to Poison Control Centers (>100,000/year) and accounts for more than 56,000 emergency room visits, 2,600 hospitalizations, and an estimated 458 deaths due to acute liver failure each year. Data from the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group registry of more than 700 patients with acute liver failure across the United States implicates acetaminophen poisoning in nearly 50% of all acute liver failure in this country. Available in many single or combination products, acetaminophen produces more than 1 billion US dollars in annual sales for Tylenol products alone. It is heavily marketed for its safety compared to nonsteroidal analgesics. By enabling self-diagnosis and treatment of minor aches and pains, its benefits are said by the Food and Drug Administration to outweigh its risks. It still must be asked: Is this amount of injury and death really acceptable for an over-the-counter pain reliever?
Recombinant Mitotoxin Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor–Saporin Reduces Venous Anastomotic Intimal Hyperplasia in the Arteriovenous Graft
Authors: Changyi Chen, Samer G. Mattar, John D. Hughes, Glenn F. Pierce, Jennifer E. Cook, David N. Ku, Stephen R. Hanson, Alan B. Lumsden
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The plant cytotoxin saporin (SAP) is a potent ribosome-inactivating protein. When conjugated to basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), it selectively kills proliferating cells that have upregulated FGF receptors. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the recombinant chimeric mitotoxin rFGF2-SAP on venous anastomotic intimal hyperplasia, a major cause of failure of arteriovenous (AV) grafts. Methods and Results Recently designed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene–based local infusion devices were implanted bilaterally as femoral AV conduits in six dogs. The venous anastomoses were the sites of continuous delivery of rFGF2-SAP (2.7 μg·kg −1 ·d −1 ) to one side and vehicle (4.6 μL·kg −1 ·d −1 ) as control to the contralateral side for 14 days. All animals survived, and all grafts were patent. Liver enzyme levels and histological analyses of liver, kidneys, and brain were normal, indicating the absence of systemic toxicity. Morphometric measurements and measurements of cell proliferation by bromodeoxyuridine index analysis were performed at both arterial and venous anastomoses. There were no significant differences between the treated grafts and the control grafts in intimal hyperplasia and intimal cell proliferation at the arterial anastomoses. In contrast, rFGF2-SAP reduced intimal thickness by 32%, intimal area by 40%, and cell proliferation index by 33% at the treated venous anastomoses compared with the control venous anastomoses ( P &lt;.05). Conclusions These data demonstrate that local infusion of rFGF2-SAP significantly reduces venous anastomotic intimal hyperplasia and cell proliferation without systemic toxicity. This study suggests a new strategy for reducing intimal hyperplasia by the selective killing of proliferating smooth muscle cells with a potent chimeric mitotoxin through a novel local infusion device.
Diminished adenylate cyclase activity and aquaporin 2 expression in acute renal failure rats
Authors: Soo W. Kim, Youn S. Jeon, Jong Un Lee, Dae G. Kang, Hyun Kook, Kyu Y. Ahn, Sung Z. Kim, Kyung W. Cho, Nam H. Kim, Jin S. Han, Ki C. Choi
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DRAINAGE AFTER ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS.
Authors: HUNTER ROBB
Journal: JAMA (1901)

If the short paper which I present to you to-day is productive of any good results, personally, I look for them not so much from the paper itself as from the discussion which I hope it will inaugurate—"many men, many minds." I do not expect that all my hearers will agree with the opinions which I have formed after some years' experience, and I trust that to-day the views of not a few will be freely expressed in order that the subject may be thoroughly thrashed out. In short it would seem advisable for us to hold what may be termed an "experience meeting" and my remarks may simply be looked upon as prefatory to what I hope may be a full and fruitful discussion. I shall speak briefly of work done by others and by myself sometime ago, and shall supplement this by my own experience in two series
Core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia in pediatric patients enrolled in the AIEOP AML 2002/01 trial: screening and prognostic impact of c-KIT mutations
Authors: E Manara, V Bisio, R Masetti, V Beqiri, R Rondelli, G Menna, C Micalizzi, N Santoro, F Locatelli, G Basso, M Pigazzi
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Universal Insurance Coverage and Health Care Inequity
Authors: Zhiping Yang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters20 October 2009Universal Insurance Coverage and Health Care InequityZhiping Yang, MD, Qiong Wu, MD, and Daiming Fan, PhD, MDZhiping Yang, MDFrom Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.Search for more papers by this author, Qiong Wu, MDFrom Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.Search for more papers by this author, and Daiming Fan, PhD, MDFrom Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-8-200910200-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the editorial by Sehgal (1), in which he concludes that universal insurance coverage is the key factor, compared with other health care reform efforts, in reducing the sizable and persistent health disparities in the United States. We argue that universal insurance is a necessary condition for health equity, but not the only one.Some literature attests to our opinion. Bratu and colleagues (2) found that despite free, universal health care access in Canada, children with lower socioeconomic status had increased appendiceal rupture rates, which indicated health disparities. Somkotra and Detsomboonrat (3) assessed the ...References1. Sehgal AR. Universal health care as a health disparity intervention [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:561-2. [PMID: 19380857] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Bratu I, Martens PJ, Leslie WD, Dik N, Chateau D, Katz A. Pediatric appendicitis rupture rate: disparities despite universal health care. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:1964-9. [PMID: 18970925] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Somkotra T, Detsomboonrat P. Is there equity in oral healthcare utilization: experience after achieving Universal Coverage. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2009;37:85-96. [PMID: 19191821] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Allin S. Does equity in healthcare use vary across Canadian provinces? Healthc Policy. 2008;3:83-99. [PMID: 19377331] MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Gabillat C. [Health is victim to social inequalities]. Soins. 2008;:16. [PMID: 18998424] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUniversal Health Care as a Health Disparity Intervention Ashwini R. Sehgal Metrics 20 October 2009Volume 151, Issue 8Page: 590-591KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth careHealth care policyHealth disparitiesHealth insuranceMedical servicesOral healthProblem solving ePublished: 20 October 2009 Issue Published: 20 October 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Catheter Complications in Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: John A. Ryan, Ronald M. Abel, William M. Abbott, Cyrus C. Hopkins, Thomas McC. Chesney, Rita Colley, Karen Phillips, Josef E. Fischer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The complications related to central venous catheters for total parenteral nutrition were prospectively evaluated in 200 patients. Catheter sepsis was defined as an episode of sepsis, for which no anatomic locus could be identified, that resolved on removal of the catheter. The insertion of 355 catheters for 4492 days led to complications involving 4 per cent of the catheters and 6 per cent of the patients. Catheter sepsis was associated with 7 per cent of catheters and occurred in 11 per cent of patients. Eight cases of superior-vena-cava thrombosis and three of pulmonary embolism were found in 34 autopsied patients. Catheters used with strict aseptic technic were complicated by a sepsis rate of 3 per cent as compared to one of 20 per cent when breaks in the protocol were observed (p = 0.01). Thus, total parenteral nutrition can be employed with an acceptable risk, provided catheter care is according to protocol. (N Engl J Med 290:757–761, 1974)