tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP) TO TREAT CHRONIC UPPER PATELLAR TENDINOPATHIES
Authors: J F Kaux, J L Croisier, O Bruyère, C Rodriguez, C Daniel, B Godon, P Simoni, V Alvarez, G Brabant, S Lapraille, V Lonneux, D Noël, J Collette, C Le Goff, A Gothot, J M Crielaard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Upper patellar tendinopathies remain often chronic and rebel to a thorough conservative treatment. Moreover, the option of a surgical treatment could be disappointing. New treatments are being developed. Injection of PRP is one of these. Platelets contain lot of growth factors which would have the potentiality to enhance the healing process of tendons. Even if in vitro and animal experiments have demonstrated this stimulation of tendon healing process, 1 clinical series are subject to controversy. 2 Methods Twenty patients with chronic upper patellar tendinopathy were enrolled. Assessments [VAS, clinical examination with an algometer, algofunctional scores (IKDC and VISA-P), functional assessments (isokinetic and Optojump) and imagery (ultrasounds and MRI)] were made before infiltration of PRP, and 6 weeks and 3 months after. The PRP was obtained by an apheresis system (COM.TEC, Fresenius). Six millilitres of PRP were injected without local anaesthetic. One week after infiltration, patients started a 6-week standardised sub-maximal eccentric reeducation. Results We observed a very significant improvement of the algofunctional status as soon as 6 weeks after the infiltration of PRP, and continued to a lesser extent up to 3 months. During functional evaluation, pain decreased as well, but without significant improvement of performances. No significant improvements in the imagery were observed. Interestingly, patients who had a VAS equal or below 1 after 3 months post-infiltration were younger (24.7 vs 32.2 y.o.). Moreover, these younger patients had a significant increase of the IKDC score (p=0.003), a significant improvement of pain during isokinetic evaluations (p&lt;0.05), and during Optojump assessments (p=0.01). Seventy-five percent of subjects were able to return to sport, even if only half of these patients recovered the same level than before the tendinopathy. Discussion/Conclusions This study demonstrates that a local infiltration of PRP associated with a submaximal eccentric protocol is efficient to improve symptoms of chronic upper patellar tendinopathies, non-responsive to classical conservative treatments. However, up to now, there is no consensus on the method to prepare the PRP. Indeed, each technique could provide a very different PRP (variations in the platelet concentrations and of the amount of red and white cells).
Doctors campaign for ban on smoking in enclosed public places
Authors: Kay McIntosh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A campaign for a total ban on smoking in all enclosed public places in England has been launched by a coalition of medical organisations and health charities. Smokefree Action, set up this week by the BMA, the Royal College of Physicians, and five charities, warns that the government's proposed partial ban has not gone far enough.

John Britton, chairman of the royal college's tobacco advisory group, said: “The coalition is making clear the extent of support throughout the whole health professional community for radical leadership on tobacco policy.” He said it was …
ON RECURRENT VOMITING OF CHILDHOOD (CYCLICAL VOMITING), WITH THE REPORTS OF TWO CASES
Authors: Fredk. Langmead
Journal: BMJ (1905)

Weight at End of First 2 to 3 days Nothing special 3 to 4 times a day Every 3 to 4 hours x st.io lb.6 oz.. 2nd period, iX days Rectal feeding only 4 times in n days Once every 23 days Gain 2 lb 7 Oz.feeding 8 ,, 4 ~~~~~~~~G ins.23lb. 2 oz~.3rd ,, I4 ,, Rectal and mouth feeding 8 Gin 3, 1 { t. 13 lb.I2 OZ; th ,, 1I7 ss Mouth feeding and sod.bicarb.; no rectal feeding I1I 17 , 3, jar ,9 Gain2 I lb. 5 oz.5th ,, ,, Mouth feeding; no sod.bicarb; no rectal feeding 7 t, ,, ,, 10 t Gatin lb. 4 oz.We are indebted to Dr. Bradford
Production of Androgens by Microbial Transformation of Progesterone <i>in Vitro</i> : A Model for Androgen Production in Rivers Receiving Paper Mill Effluent
Authors: Ronald L. Jenkins, Elizabeth M. Wilson, Robert A. Angus, W. Mike Howell, Marion Kirk, Ray Moore, Marione Nance, Amber Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

We have previously documented the presence of progesterone and androstenedione in the water column and bottom sediments of the Fenholloway River, Taylor County, Florida. This river receives paper mill effluent and contains masculinized female mosquitofish. We hypothesized that plant sterols (e.g., β-sitosterol) derived from the pulping of pine trees are transformed by bacteria into progesterone and subsequently into 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and other androgens. In this study, we demonstrate that these same androgens can be produced in vitro from the bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis. In a second part to this study, we reextracted and reanalyzed the sediment from the Fenholloway River and verified the presence of androstadienedione, a Δ1 steroid with androgen activity.
Captopril treatment does not restore either the renal or the ANF release response during volume expansion in moderate to severe high output heart failure
Authors: R. Garcia, M.-C. Bonhomme, S. Diebold
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) release and the renal response to moderate volume expansion have been shown to be conserved in rats with a mild to moderate degree of high output heart failure (aortocaval shunt). The aim of this study was to investigate whether these variables are also conserved in animals with moderate to severe heart failure induced by an aortocaval shunt. The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by captopril on these responses was also investigated. Methods: An aortocaval shunt was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g; sham operated rats served as controls. Three weeks after surgery, three experimental groups were established: aortocaval shunt and sham operated controls, and aortocaval shunt rats treated with captopril during the last week before the experiments were started. Four weeks after surgery, haemodynamic variables, ANF release, diuresis, and natriuresis were evaluated following a moderate volume expansion. Results: Mean arterial blood pressure was lower in shunt animals and still lower in the ACE inhibited group than in the sham operated controls. Central venous pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were significantly higher in untreated shunt rats than in their controls. ACE inhibition returned the raised central venous pressure, but not LVEDP, to control values. Shunt rats had lower baseline urinary sodium excretion (UNaV), urinary volume, and packed cell volume than their sham operated controls. ACE inhibition reversed baseline urinary volume to control values. Baseline COOH terminal and HN2 terminal ANF were greatly increased in both treated and untreated shunt rats. Volume expansion was performed three times in conscious animals at 15 min intervals with human plasma protein fraction. Its effect on LVEDP was similar in all three groups, but the increase in central venous pressure was much higher in untreated shunt animals. UNaV, urinary volume, and the release of COOH terminal and NH2 terminal ANF in response to volume expansion were blunted in both treated and untreated shunt rats when compared with their sham operated counterparts. Both absolute and relative heart weights were significantly lower in captopril treated shunt animals than in the untreated shunt group, the latter presenting very significant cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusions: Aortocaval shunt animals with moderate to severe heart failure show a blunted ANF release and renal response to volume expansion, which, despite significant haemodynamic improvement, are not restored by ACE inhibition. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1533-1539
DIAGNOSIS OF ASCITES.
Authors: JAMES TYSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The object of this brief communication is to call attention to a symptom which I think has hardly received sufficient attention at the hands of clinicians and which I know to have been misinterpreted. I allude to tympany in the flanks and its significance in the diagnosis of ascites. It is generally taught that the<i>absence</i>of tympany in the flanks is characteristic of ascites; while its presence can not be regarded as consistent with any considerable degree of accumulation of liquid in this region. A case now in my wards at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania illustrates the possibility of error arising from a too strict adherence tothis guide. A woman, aged 37 years, was admitted with mitral stenosis and insufficiency, with passive congestion, enlargement and tenderness of the liver, ascites and general anasarca. When lying on her back the lower abdomen was somewhat bulging, and over
Strong influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP gene variants on development of persistent chronic hepatitis B virus carriers in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Xiuchan Guo, Yong Zhang, Ji Li, Jingchen Ma, Zuli Wei, Wenjie Tan, Stephen J. O'Brien
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health issue, especially in Asia. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) implicated genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP locus associated with chronic hepatitis B in Japanese and Thai populations. To confirm whether the polymorphisms at the HLA-DP genes are associated with persistent chronic HBV infection in Han Chinese, we conducted an independent case-control study using 521 persistent chronic HBV carriers and 819 controls that included 571 persons with HBV natural clearance and 248 never HBV-infected (healthy) individuals. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a region including HLA-DPA and HLA-DPB and an adjacent SNP in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a neighboring HLA-DR13 locus were genotyped using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Eleven variants at HLA-DP showed a strong association with persistent chronic HBV carrier status (P = 1.82 × 10−12 to 0.01). We also stratified the analysis by HBV clearance status to test the association between these polymorphisms and HBV natural clearance; similar results were obtained (P = 2.70 × 10−11 to 0.003). Included SNPs define highly structured haplotypes that were also strongly associated with HBV chronic infection (block 1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.54, P = 8.73 × 10−7; block 2: OR = 1.98, P = 1.37 × 10−10). These results further confirm that genetic variants in the HLA-DP locus are strongly associated with persistent HBV infection in the Han Chinese population. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;53:422-428)
The role of Substance P in the axon reflex in the rat
Authors: P. KENINS, J. V. HURLEY, C. BELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The increase in vascular permeability in small blood vessels of rat skin induced by antidromic stimulation of sensory roots, nerves, or single identified polymodal nociceptive fibres or by intra-arterial injection of Substance P, has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The effects of local application of capsaicin (a Substance P-depleting agent) to both skin and muscle have also been studied. Nerve stimulation and Substance P induce leakage of a venular pattern similar to that caused by known permeability factors. However, capsaicin causes leakage from both venules and capillaries in a pattern more characteristic of direct endothelial injury. It is suggested that neurogenic leakage may be mediated by local liberation of Substance P, but caution is necessary in interpreting experiments involving the use of capsaicin because of its local toxic effects.
Spatial language as a window on representations of three-dimensional space
Authors: Kevin J. Holmes, Phillip Wolff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Recent research investigating the language–thought interface in the spatial domain points to representations of the horizontal and vertical dimensions that closely resemble those posited by Jeffery et al. However, the findings suggest that such representations, rather than being tied to navigation, may instead reflect more general properties of the perception of space.
Rapid default transition of CD4 T cell effectors to functional memory cells
Authors: K. Kai McKinstry, Susanne Golech, Won-Ha Lee, Gail Huston, Nan-Ping Weng, Susan L. Swain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

The majority of highly activated CD4 T cell effectors die after antigen clearance, but a small number revert to a resting state, becoming memory cells with unique functional attributes. It is currently unclear when after antigen clearance effectors return to rest and acquire important memory properties. We follow well-defined cohorts of CD4 T cells through the effector-to-memory transition by analyzing phenotype, important functional properties, and gene expression profiles. We find that the transition from effector to memory is rapid in that effectors rested for only 3 d closely resemble canonical memory cells rested for 60 d or longer in the absence of antigen. This is true for both Th1 and Th2 lineages, and occurs whether CD4 T cell effectors rest in vivo or in vitro, suggesting a default pathway. We find that the effector–memory transition at the level of gene expression occurs in two stages: a rapid loss of expression of a myriad of effector-associated genes, and a more gradual gain of expression of a cohort of genes uniquely associated with memory cells rested for extended periods.
Ptychodiscusbrevis toxin (PBTX) stimulates a new receptor site in activating parasympathetic nerve axonal voltage-sensitive sodium channels
Authors: Sadahiro Asai, Joseph J. Krzanowski, Dean F. Martin, Richard F. Lockey, Samuel C. Bukantz, Andor Szentivanyi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1982)
Aligning Incentives for Academic Physicians to Improve Health Care Quality
Authors: Irfan A. Dhalla
Journal: JAMA (2011)

ACADEMIC HEALTH SCIENCE CENTERS PLAY A LEADing role in the development of new knowledge, yet the quality of care in academic hospitals is on average only modestly better than that of care provided by community hospitals. However, averages are also misleading. In one study evaluating care of patients with acute coronary syndrome, 15 of the 20 top-performing institutions were community hospitals. Indeed, many organizations that have been at the forefront of the quality improvement movement, such as Intermountain Healthcare and Geisinger Health System, are not among the highest-ranked academic centers in terms of research grants and research productivity. One reason academic health science centers do not consistently provide superior care may be the incentive structures that exist within them for academic physicians. These physicians determine not only what research is undertaken but also how clinical care is delivered and how much attention is given to quality improvement. The choices that academic physicians make, and the incentives that affect those choices, have a profound influence not only on knowledge generation but also on the quality of health care received by millions of patients. In this Commentary, we suggest that academic physicians currently face financial and nonfinancial incentives that discourage the expenditure of time and energy on projects likely to improve patient care in their local environments. These incentives will need to change if academic health science centers are to become leaders in quality improvement.
Respiratory and Hemodynamic Measurements During Anesthesia
Authors: Stephen J. Galla
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In regard to the article by Virtue et al., "Respiratory and Hemodynamic Measurements During Anesthesia," which appeared inThe Journal(<i>JAMA</i><b>179</b>:224 [Jan. 20] 1962), I wish to raise an objection. The conclusion that halothane does not affect cardiac output does not agree with the studies which we presented at the Work and Progress session of the American Society of Anesthesiologists in October, 1961. Our experimental circumstances were similar in that our patients were either unmedicated or medicated with a small dose of secobarbital, and spontaneous breathing was permitted with endotracheal intubation and adequate ventilation. We found that the cardiac output was usually a direct function of the depth of anesthesia, as assessed by measurement of the arterial halothane concentrations and observation of clinical signs. Surprisingly, we did not find that electroencephalographic patterns correlated consistently with anesthetic depth as determined by the arterial halothane concentration. We
CAN CMR BE THE ‘CRYSTAL BALL’ FOR PATIENTS WITH DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY? RISK STRATIFICATION FOR CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION/LVAD
Authors: Jose Vicente Venero, Srinivas Murali, Mark Doyle, Vikas K. Rathi, Saundra B. Grant, June A. Yamrozik, Ronald B. Williams, Diane A. Vido, Geetha Rayarao, Robert WW Biederman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Doc Purdy's Prescription for Better Health Care -- A Tale of the Old West
Authors: Hy Brett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

If President Bill Clinton were a reader of old-fashioned Western yarns instead of mysteries and even loftier books, he would know by now how to establish the best of all possible health care systems for all of America's citizens. Rather than propose his ever-changing mix of Medicare, Medicaid, and private-sector insurance schemes, which will probably be more complex and costly than the present byzantine arrangements, Clinton would simply call for the training of the sort of wise, kindly, and dedicated general practitioners who are staple characters in the novels of Zane Grey, Louis L'Amour, and every other Western author whose . . .
Adult Women’s Blood Mercury Concentrations Vary Regionally in the United States: Association with Patterns of Fish Consumption (NHANES 1999–2004)
Authors: Kathryn R. Mahaffey, Robert P. Clickner, Rebecca A. Jeffries
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

The current, continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has included blood mercury (BHg) and fish/shellfish consumption since it began in 1999. NHANES 1999-2004 data form the basis for these analyses.This study was designed to determine BHg distributions within U.S. Census regions and within coastal and noncoastal areas among women of childbearing age, their association with patterns of fish consumption, and changes from 1999 through 2004.We performed univariate and bivariate analyses to determine the distribution of BHg and fish consumption in the population and to investigate differences by geography, race/ethnicity, and income. We used multivariate analysis (regression) to determine the strongest predictors of BHg among geography, demographic factors, and fish consumption.Elevated BHg occurred more commonly among women of childbearing age living in coastal areas of the United States (approximately one in six women). Regionally, exposures differ across the United States: Northeast > South and West > Midwest. Asian women and women with higher income ate more fish and had higher BHg. Time-trend analyses identified reduced BHg and reduced intake of Hg in the upper percentiles without an overall reduction of fish consumption.BHg is associated with income, ethnicity, residence (census region and coastal proximity). From 1999 through 2004, BHg decreased without a concomitant decrease in fish consumption. Data are consistent with a shift over this time period in fish species in women's diets.
What is a good GP?
Authors: B S Marston
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In response to a postal questionnaire general practitioners in the Southampton and New Forest area indicated a considerable understanding of the principles of iron prescribing and use of laboratory tests to determine iron deficiency.Many respondents, however, chose slow release and compound iron preparations as first treatments for iron deficiency.The role of parenteral iron appeared to be poorly understood.The use of and response to laboratory investigations for iron deficiency were generally appropriate, but many practitioners probably do not check for a response to oral iron sufficiently early during treatment or stop prescribing supplements before iron stores have been replenished.There is scope for further education in the biology and management of iron deficiency in general practice.
ASSESSING MILD CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY MEANS OF TRANSTHORACIC ENHANCED DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN CONVERGENT COLOR DOPPLER MODE. A VALIDATION STUDY VERSUS INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Authors: Carlo Caiati, Mario Lepera, Daniela Santoro, Marco Marzullo, Stefano Giuseppe Primitivo, Paolo Pollice, Caterina Rizzo, Filippo Masi, Donato Quagliara, Stefano Favale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Interventions to Decrease Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Robert E. Burke, Eric A. Coleman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Hospitals began paying financial penalties for high-risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates for certain diagnoses in October 2012. Physician leaders seeking to reduce readmission rates will find that proven interventions often require substantial up-front financial and organizational investment. To reduce readmissions while minimizing the investment, leaders need to develop new and creative strategies guided by the evidence. This article describes 5 proposed strategies or "best practices" derived from critical evaluation of prior interventions and experience in the field. These practices include matching the intensity of the intervention to the patient's risk of readmission, avoiding commonly used but unproven interventions, using interventions with a durable effect, creating an effective team before selecting an intervention, and focusing on previously unrecognized high-risk patient groups.
Multicentre prospective randomised trial of fludarabine versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CAP) for treatment of advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: None The French Cooperative Group on CLL, S Johnson, A.G Smith, H Löffler, E Ösby, G Juliusson, B Emmerich, P.J Wyld, W Hiddemann
Journal: The Lancet (1996)