tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letters from a Musical Friendship
Authors: D. O'Neill, M. E. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A solid phase enzyme immunoassay (Gonozyme) was used to demonstrate gonococcal antigen in urogenital specimens. Urethral specimens from 101 men and cervical specimens from 150 women were examined, and the diagnostic yields were compared with those obtained by culture. The Gonozyme test was positive in 25 patients, 15 men and 10 women, and negative in 226 patients. Gonococci were isolated by culture in 23 of the patients, 12 men and 11 women. The Gonozyme test gave false-negative results in two men and one woman patient. The sensitivity of the test was 87% for the men and 91% for the women. Correspondingly, the test specificity was 94.3% for the men and 100% for the women, the predictive value of positive test 80% and 100%, and that of negative test 97.7 and 99.3% respectively. The Gonozyme test does not allow antibiotic sensitivity testings but has the advantage of rapidity and is not dependent upon viable organisms. The test is an attractive alternative to culture procedures for screening women patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic gonorrhoea.
<i>Ex vivo</i>Detectable Human CD8 T-Cell Responses to Cancer-Testis Antigens
Authors: Petra Baumgaertner, Nathalie Rufer, Estelle Devevre, Laurent Derre, Donata Rimoldi, Christine Geldhof, Verena Voelter, Danielle Liénard, Pedro Romero, Daniel E. Speiser
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Clinical trials have shown that strong tumor antigen–specific CD8 T-cell responses are difficult to induce but can be achieved for T-cells specific for melanoma differentiation antigens, upon repetitive vaccination with stable emulsions prepared with synthetic peptides and incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Here, we show in four melanoma patients that ex vivo detectable T-cells and thus strong T-cell responses can also be induced against the more universal cancer-testis antigens NY-ESO-1 and Mage-A10. Interestingly, all patients had ex vivo detectable T-cell responses against multiple antigens after serial vaccinations with three peptides emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Antigen-specific T-cells displayed an activated phenotype and secreted IFNγ. The robust immune responses provide a solid basis for further development of human T-cell vaccination. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 1912-6)
THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA DOSE RESPONSE ON INFARCT SIZE IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION USING ENDOVASCULAR COOLING AND REWARMING
Authors: Yoshiaki Mitsutake, Wook Bum Pyun, Rajesh Dash, Atsushi Tachibana, Yuka Matsuura, Alfredo Green, Jennifer Lyons, Alan Yeung, Fumiaki Ikeno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
“Drink plenty of fluids”: a systematic review of evidence for this recommendation in acute respiratory infections
Authors: Michelle P B Guppy, Sharon M Mickan, Chris B Del Mar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors often recommend drinking extra fluids to patients with respiratory infections. Theoretical benefits for this advice are replacing insensible fluid losses from fever and respiratory tract evaporation, correcting dehydration from reduced intake, and reducing the viscosity of mucus.1 2 To many this advice is self evident and justified on the basis that even if the benefit is uncertain, or at best small, at least it is harmless.

However, there are theoretical reasons for increased fluid intake to cause harm. Antidiuretic hormone conserves fluid by stimulating water reabsorption from the renal collecting ducts. Increased antidiuretic hormone secretion has been reported in adults and children with lower respiratory tract infections of bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia of viral and bacterial aetiology.3 4 …
Interleukin 2 and stimulator lymphoblastoid cells will induce human thymocytes to bind and kill K562 targets.
Authors: M Torten, N Sidell, S H Golub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Human thymocytes cultured in the presence of IL-2 and an irradiated B cell line became cytotoxic to K562 target cells. Thymocytes cultured alone or with only IL-2 exhibited almost no killing, but thymocytes cultured in the presence of stimulator cells alone exhibited low levels of cytotoxic activity. Removal of Fc gamma receptor-bearing cells from the activated thymocyte population almost completely abolished the binding and lytic activity. Separation of thymocytes into Fc microns+ and Fc microns-cells before culturing with IL-2 and stimulator cells revealed that only the Fc microns+ subpopulation developed into K562 killer cells. These findings indicate that modulation of Fc microns to Fc gamma receptors on the thymocyte cell surface is part of the maturation process of this particular subset of cytotoxic cells. Morphologically, most of the activated Fc gamma+ K562-binding cells were large, granulated lymphocytes. Only very few of the round, nongranulated small thymocytes were bound to K562 target cells.
WHAT THE MEDICAL PROFESSION CAN DO FOR THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.
Authors: D. E. SALMON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

I desire to express my profound appreciation of the great honor which the American Medical Association has conferred on me by inviting me to address this assemblage and present my views on the subject of what this Association can do for the Bureau of Animal Industry. Having organized this bureau and directed it for about twenty years, I am naturally anxious not only for its present success and usefulness, but for its permanency and continued development. It is, therefore, with much gratification that I observe the interest which this Association is taking in the bureau and its work, as shown by your program and also by the complimentary and encouraging address on this subject which has been made by one of your able and distinguished members—a man whose ability, learning and indefatigable work have caused him to be recognized as an authority in every land where the science of medicine
Perturbations of Vascular Homeostasis and Aortic Valve Abnormalities in Fibulin-4 Deficient Mice
Authors: Katsuhiro Hanada, Marcel Vermeij, George A. Garinis, Monique C. de Waard, Maurice G.S. Kunen, Loretha Myers, Alex Maas, Dirk J. Duncker, Carel Meijers, Harry C. Dietz, Roland Kanaar, Jeroen Essers
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The Fibulins are a 6-member protein family hypothesized to function as intermolecular bridges that stabilize the organization of extracellular matrix structures. Here, we show that reduced expression of Fibulin-4 leads to aneurysm formation, dissection of the aortic wall and cardiac abnormalities. Fibulin-4 knockdown mice with a hypomorphic expression allele arose from targeted disruption of the adjacent Mus81 endonuclease gene. Mice homozygous for the Fibulin-4 reduced expression allele (Fibulin-4 R/R ) show dilatation of the ascending aorta and a tortuous and stiffened aorta, resulting from disorganized elastic fiber networks. They display thickened aortic valvular leaflets that are associated with aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency. Strikingly, already a modest reduction in expression of Fibulin-4 in the heterozygous Fibulin-4 +/R mice occasionally resulted in small aneurysm formation. To get insight into the underlying molecular pathways involved in aneurysm formation and response to aortic failure, we determined the aorta transcriptome of Fibulin-4 +/R and Fibulin-4 R/R animals and identified distinct and overlapping biological processes that were significantly overrepresented including cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, apoptosis and several novel gene targets. Transcriptome and protein expression analysis implicated perturbation of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of aneurysm in fibulin-4 deficient mice. Our results show that the dosage of a single gene can determine the severity of aneurysm formation and imply that disturbed TGF-β signaling underlies multiple aneurysm phenotypes.
Identifying Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococus Aureus</i>in the United States—Reply
Authors: Joan A. Casey, Brian S. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Mechanism of toxicity of nitro compounds used in the chemotherapy of trichomoniasis.
Authors: S N Moreno, R Docampo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The mechanism of the trichomonicidal activity of metronidazole and other 5-nitroimidazoles appears to depend on the ferredoxin-mediated reduction of their nitro group, with generation of a reactive metabolite or metabolites which interact with DNA leading to a subsequent inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Redox cycling of these compounds under aerobic conditions appears to be a detoxification reaction by inhibiting net reduction of the drugs, thereby inhibiting their uptake. On the other hand, redox cycling of nitrofurans or other compounds with more positive reduction potential results in formation of high steady-state concentrations of oxygen-derived metabolites that might be of toxicological significance. It seems likely that reduced metabolites of nitroimidazoles (perhaps through covalent binding to tissue macromolecules and/or thiols depletion) are also involved in the nitroimidazoles' toxic effects to animal tissues and in their mutagenic and carcinogenic action.
Septic arthritis due to Histoplasma capsulatum in a leukaemic patient.
Authors: P G Jones, K Rolston, R L Hopfer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

A case of septic, histoplasmal monoarthritis of the knee in a leukaemic patient is described. Ketoconazole therapy failed to eliminate the infection, but after histoplasmosis was diagnosed prolonged therapy with amphotericin B was curative.
Abstract 2349: Integrin α6β4 contributes to HGF-stimulated migration and invasion by promoting autocrine EGFR signaling in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Min Chen, Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate, Teresa Knifley, Kelley A. Davis, Kathleen L. O'Connor
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The lethality of pancreatic cancer is due to elevated incidences of invasion and metastasis. Previous studies from our lab and others show that pro-invasive integrin α6β4 is upregulated in early stage pancreatic cancer, maintained during tumor progression and, in turn, promotes chemotactic migration and invasion toward HGF. To gain insight into the mechanisms governing how integrin α6β4 promotes these processes, we performed Affymetrix Gene Chip analysis on Panc-1 clones with differing levels of integrin α6β4 expression. After statistical processing, we found 582 genes altered by integrin α6β4 signaling. From these results, we found that high integrin α6β4-expressing Panc1 clones substantially enhanced expression of genes affecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The genes upregulated by integrin α6β4 included EGFR, EGF-like ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG), ectodomain cleavage proteases ADAMTS1, MMP1, and hyaluronan synthase 3. The upregulation of these genes was confirmed by real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis and/or ELISA. Stable overexpression of integrin β4 in low integrin β4 expressing cells increased the levels of AREG and EREG by real-time PCR. We further tested the role of autocrine EGFR signaling by pretreating cells with EGFR blocking antibodies (LA1) or EGFR-specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PD153035) and tested HGF-stimulated chemotaxis, chemo-invasion and invasive growth in three-dimensional culture. Interestingly, these inhibitors blocked integrin α6β4-dependent HGF-stimulated chemotaxis, invasion and invasive growth. In summary, our data suggest integrin α6β4 confers a motile and invasive phenotype to pancreatic carcinoma cells, in part, by coordinately regulating expression of key elements of autocrine EGFR signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2349. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2349
Second week postoperative rash
Authors: T. J. Foley
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  New man-made diseases are the scourge of modern medicine. An example is Third Day Surgical Fever. 1 This disease described by Altemeier, a great surgeon-bacteriologist, is caused by indwelling intravenous tubing.  Now we have another—The Second Week Postoperative Rash. This is a disease caused by long-term, massive, and broad-spectrum antibiotics, usually cephalosporins. It is characterized by intertriginous, oral, or vaginal rash usually associated with Candida albicans . The treatment is discontinuing the broad-spectrum antibiotic and changing to topical nystatin. The disease is not serious in the skin but should be a signal to be carefully watched. When discovered, great care should be exercised to prevent invasion of the bloodstream. Candida albicans in the axilla is a man-made nuisance; C albicans in the bloodstream is a preventable catastrophe.
Anatomic validation of left ventricular mass estimates from clinical two-dimensional echocardiography: initial results.
Authors: N Reichek, J Helak, T Plappert, M S Sutton, K T Weber
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We performed a prospective anatomic validation study to determine the accuracy of left ventricular (LV) mass estimates from clinical two-dimensional echocardiographic (2-D echo) studies. In 21 subjects, antemortem 2-D echo LV mass determinations were compared with anatomic LV weight by postmortem chamber dissection. Major cardiac diagnoses included anatomic LV aneurysm in four, status post aneurysmectomy in one, transmural myocardial infarction in seven, congestive cardiomyopathy in five, rheumatic mitral disease in two, chronic severe mitral or aortic regurgitation in three, amyloid heart in two, and normal heart in three. Marked right-heart dilatation was present in 11 patients and LV thrombus in four. Regression equations derived in vitro for each 2-D echo instrument were used to correct LV mass estimates based on a short-axis, area-length method: uncorrected LV mass = 1.055 x k x 5/6 (AtLt - AcLc) + b, where At = total short-axis LV image area at the high papillary muscle level, Lc = endocardial LV length, k = an instrument-specific regression slope and b = an instrument-specific intercept. LV mass by 2-D echo correlated extremely well with actual LV weight (r = 0.93 slope = 0.85, SEE = 31 g, range 77-454 g). In contrast, M-mode echocardiographic LV mass estimates were less reliable (r = 0.86, SEE = 59 g) in these markedly distorted hearts. These 2-D echo LV mass results compare favorably with reported results from biplane angiography and M-mode echocardiography in more symmetric hearts. Thus, regression-corrected 2-D echo may be the method of choice for determining LV mass in man.
Brain Endothelial Cell Targeting Via a Peptide‐Functionalized Liposomal Carrier for Xenon Hyper‐CEST MRI
Authors: Matthias Schnurr, Karl Sydow, Honor May Rose, Margitta Dathe, Leif Schröder
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

A nanoparticulate carrier system is used to efficiently deliver a contrast agent for highly sensitive xenon Hyper-CEST MRI. The carrier system not only improves the biocompatibility and solubility of the contrast agent, it also allows selective cell targeting as demonstrated by the discrimination of human brain capillary and aortic endothelial cells. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ESOPHAGOSCOPY AND BRONCHOSCOPY.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Esophagoscopy has been practiced so long and is so familiar to some general surgeons as well as to laryngologists, that its history would not be of great interest. However, its great value in some cases calls for at least a word, and I wish to present the history of one very interesting case in which it enabled me to make a successful operation where other methods failed. Bronchoscopy is of more recent origin and must become of great interest to laryngologists because of the aid that it affords in removing foreign bodies from the air passages, especially in cases that can not be relieved by tracheotomy alone, and also in many other cases where the resulting scar and the dangers of pneumonia render the latter operation objectionable. The ease with which foreign bodies can usually be removed from the trachea and often from a main bronchus after tracheotomy, makes this
Association of Thrombospondin-1 and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Human Cardiac Allografts
Authors: Xiao-Ming Zhao, Yenya Hu, Geraldine G. Miller, Richard N. Mitchell, Peter Libby
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Despite the expression of angiogenic growth factors in transplanted hearts, neovessel formation appears scant. We therefore hypothesized that cardiac allografts contain endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. In particular, we tested the involvement in cardiac allografts of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a matrix glycoprotein that inhibits angiogenesis and facilitates smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Methods and Results —Levels of TSP-1 mRNA in endomyocardial biopsy samples of human cardiac allografts substantially exceeded those in normal hearts. The ratio of TSP to GAPDH mRNA determined with quantitative RT-PCR was 6.54±1.6 in cardiac allografts versus 0.26±0.02 ( P =0.001) in normal hearts. Analysis in sequential biopsies revealed a strong association between persistent elevation of TSP-1 in allografts and the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). The CAV score was 2.4±0.8 in patients with persistent TSP-1 elevation compared with 0.2±0.2 in patients without elevation ( P =0.001). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated intense expression of TSP-1 in cardiac allografts, predominantly in cardiac myocytes and neointimal SMCs. In vitro experiments demonstrated that T cells expressed TSP-1, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor on allogeneic stimulation. Cytokines known to be elevated in cardiac allografts (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α) induced TSP-1 in SMCs but inhibited TSP-1 in endothelial cells. Conclusions —Persistent elevation of TSP-1 in cardiac allografts correlates with the development of CAV. Allogeneic stimulation induces angiogenic growth factors and TSP-1 in T cells. Cytokines differentially regulate TSP-1 expression in SMCs versus endothelial cells. Increased levels of TSP-1 in human cardiac allografts may alter vascular responses to angiogenic growth factors by inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting SMC proliferation characteristic of CAV.
Carcinogenicity of Black Rock Harbor Sediment to the Eastern Oyster and Trophic Transfer of Black Rock Harbor Carcinogens from the Blue Mussel to the Winter Flounder
Authors: George R. Gardner, Paul P. Yevich, John C. Harshbarger, A. Russell Malcolm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) developed neoplastic disorders when experimentally exposed both in the laboratory and field to chemically contaminated sediment from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Bridgeport, Connecticut. Neoplasia was observed in oysters after 30 and 60 days of continuous exposure in a laboratory flow-through system to a 20 mg/L suspension of BRH sediment plus postexposure periods of 0, 30, or 60 days. Composite tumor incidence was 13.6% (49 neoplasms in 40, n = 295) for both exposures. Tumor occurrence was highest in the renal excretory epithelium, followed in order by gill, gonad, gastrointestinal, heart, and embryonic neural tissue. Regression of experimental neoplasia was not observed when the stimulus was discontinued. In field experiments, gill neoplasms developed in oysters deployed in cages for 30 days at BRH and 36 days at a BRH dredge material disposal area in Central Long Island Sound, and kidney and gastrointestinal neoplasms developed in caged oysters deployed 40 days in Quincy Bay, Boston Harbor. Oysters exposed to BRH sediment in the laboratory and in the field accumulated high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and chlorinated pesticides. Chemical analyses demonstrated high concentrations of PCBs, PAHs, chlorinated pesticides, and heavy metals in BRH sediment. Known genotoxic carcinogens, co-carcinogens, and tumor promoters were present as contaminants. The uptake of parent PAH and PCBs from BRH sediment observed in oysters also occurs in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Winter flounder fed BRH-contaminated blue mussels contained xenobiotic chemicals analyzed in mussels. The flounder developed renal and pancreatic neoplasms and hepatotoxic neoplastic precursor lesions, demonstrating trophic transfer of sediment-bound carcinogens up the food chain.
Breezes From the Kona Coast
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  There must have been a Kona storm in Bloomington, Hawaii the day Dr. Liddle penned his communique to you about the new metric system (198: 210, 1966). The distinction between cubic millimeters and milliliters cannot be disposed of so lightly, by renaming both of them Halsteads as he suggests. A cubic millimeter is only 0.001 milliliters. The distinction he had in mind was the distinction between cubiccentimeters and milliliters.