tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5462: Single dose dermal irritation study of apaziquone in rabbits
Authors: Guru Reddy, Shanta Chawla, Steven Fruchtman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: Apaziquone is a novel bioreductive alkylating agent in development for intravesical therapy of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The standard dose of apaziquone in all ongoing clinical studies is 4 mg/ 40 mL (0.1mg/mL). For clinical use, lyophilized apaziquone is reconstituted with diluent and instilled in the bladder. During the preparation and handling of the product, there is a possibility of accidental dermal contact for the healthcare professionals. To date, dermal irritation potential of apaziquone has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dermal irritation potential of apaziquone in rabbits. Materials &amp; Methods: Apaziquone was administered topically on the skin (non-occlusive) to New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits as a single dose for 4 hours followed by removal of excess material, and skin examination for up to 72 hours after removal of excess material. Each male NZW rabbits (3/group; one group) had three identified treatment sites on the back: (1) untreated (2) vehicle (diluent for apaziquone) and (3) apaziquone (0.1 mg/mL). Animals were treated with a single non-occlusive dermal dose of apaziquone (0.5 mL of 0.1 mg/mL) and vehicle for 4 hours followed by removal of excess material. No test material or vehicle was applied to the site designated as untreated. The treatment sites were observed and scored at baseline and at various times (4, 24, 48, and 72 hours) after removal of excess test article and vehicle. The following parameters were evaluated: viability, clinical observations, and dermal observations/scoring by modified Draize method. Results: No clinical signs of toxicity were observed during the study and no signs of dermal irritation related to test article or vehicle/diluent were observed at any of the dose sites in any of animals. The Primary Dermal Irritation Index for apaziquone, administered at clinically relevant exposures, had a value of zero (0) indicating no irritation at the concentration and for the duration of exposure. Conclusion: Apaziquone did not cause any dermal irritation in rabbits at a clinically relevant concentration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5462. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5462
Diseases of the Coronary Arteries (Myocarditis).
Authors: Don Carlos Sutton, Harold Lueth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

This book has been written with the primary object of helping the physician at the bedside. Because of his rich experience in hospital and private practice, Dr. Sutton is well qualified to present, as he has done, excellent clinical pictures especially of angina pectoris and coronary thrombosis. This feature, together with illustrations, case histories and a full discussion of treatment, will make a strong appeal to the general practitioner. There will be an appeal also to other groups. Those interested in the history of cardiology and in theories as to the pathogenesis of disease, e. g., arteriosclerosis as it affects the heart, will find many historical references and not a few discussions of conflicting views. The original investigator will read with interest, if he has not already done so, condensed statements—many of them in the chapter written by Dr. Lueth on physiology and pharmacology—concerning laboratory experimental work and especially the
Flu Vaccine in Nasal Spray
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
School policies to increase physical activity unlikely to reduce obesity, study warns
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Population based policies that mandate increased physical activity in Canadian schools are unlikely to have a significant effect on the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, a meta-analysis suggests ( CMAJ 2009;180:719-26, doi:10.1503/cmaj.080966).

Researchers from BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, and Vancouver General Hospital found that body mass index did not …
Cell-Free Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death
Authors: Charles Natanson, Steven J. Kern, Peter Lurie, Steven M. Banks, Sidney M. Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes (HBBSs) are infusible oxygen-carrying liquids that have long shelf lives, have no need for refrigeration or cross-matching, and are ideal for treating hemorrhagic shock in remote settings. Some trials of HBBSs during the last decade have reported increased risks without clinical benefit.
Is quantitative angiography a surrogate of intravascular ultrasound for guidance of stent deployment? A comparison with 3-D quantitative reconstruction of intracoronary ultrasound
Authors: Francesco Prati, Carlo Di Mario, Robert Gil, Edoardo Camenzind, Clemens von Birgelen, Eline Van Swijndregt, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Antitumor Effect of c-myc Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides on Human Melanoma Cells In Vitro and in Mice
Authors: Carlo Leonetti, Igea D' Agnano, Francesco Lozupone, Alessandra Valentini, Tim Geiser, Gerald Zon, Bruno Calabretta, Gennaro Citro, Gabriella Zupi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides ([S]ODNs) contain a modified internucleoside phosphate backbone. Antisense [S]ODNs targeted to specific oncogenes have been used with some therapeutic success in animal models human leukemia; however, the potential for antisense [S]ODN treatment of solid tumors has only recently been explored.We evaluated the effects of antisense [S]ODNs targeted to the c-myc oncogene on the proliferation of human melanoma cells in vitro and on the growth of human melanoma xenografts in CD-1 nude (nu/nu) mice,The effects of 15-mer [S]ODNs containing c-myc sense, c-myc antisense, and two different scrambled sequences on the proliferation and viability of cultures of three established human melanoma cell lines (M14, JR8, and PLF2) were determined by measuring cell numbers and use of the trypan blue exclusion test. The induction of apoptosis in these cells following treatment with [S]ODNs was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. FACS analysis was also used to determine the effects of [S]ODN treatment on the proliferation of primary cultures of a human melanoma explant (NG cells). The expression of c-Myc protein in cultured NG cells after treatment with [S]ODNs was examined by western blot analysis. The antitumor activity and the toxic effects of several [S]ODN treatment regimens were monitored by measuring differences in tumor weight (percent tumor weight inhibition), tumor growth rate (tumor growth inhibition), animal lifespan (percent increase in lifespan), the number of toxic deaths and the median number of long metastases in treated and control mice bearing NG xenografts. c-Myc protein expression in NG tumor cells following [S]ODN treatment was evaluated by FACS analysis, and the extent of apoptosis in these cells was determined by FACS analysis and morphologic examination.Treatment with antisense [S]ODNs, but not the others, inhibited the growth of all tested melanoma cultures in vitro; FACS analysis revealed that growth inhibition was associated with the induction of apoptosis. Antisense [S]ODN treatment also led to reduced celluLar levels of c-Myc protein. In vivo, [S]ODN antitumor activity and toxicity were dose and schedule dependent; however, only antisense [S]ODNs exhibited antitumor activity. Mice bearing NG xenografts treated with antisense [S]ODNs showed a marked inhibition of tumor growth, a reduction in the number of long metastases, and an increase in life span. Reduced levels of c-Myc protein and increased levels of apoptosis were also observed in NG tumor cells following antisense [S]ODN treatment.treatment of human melanoma cells and solid tumors with antisense [S]ODNs targeted to c-Myc inhibits their growth and is associated with the induction of apoptosis.
TYPE AND GROUP POLYSACCHARIDES OF GROUP D STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: S. D. Elliott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Polysaccharides extracted from cell walls of 4 serological types of Group D streptococci were serologically type-specific. Acid hydrolysates of all 4 contained hexosamine (glucosamine), rhamnose and glucose. A polysaccharide extracted from 2 serological types by either alkaline treatment or mechanical disruption was serologically group-specific. Acid hydrolysates contained glucose and no other single component in comparable amount. The group-specific polysaccharide, which may be of a dextran-like nature, is probably situated wholly or in part at the surface of the streptococcus.
Starvation therapy in obesity.
Authors: D A Ballantyne
Journal: BMJ (1971)

in sarcoidosis and the normal levels.A fur- *ther study of this interesting condition is called for especially in view of the evidence (reviewed by Drs.Willoughby and Mitchell) that Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may sometimes share so many features that the distinction between them has become blurred.-Weare, etc.,
A novel assay to diagnose hereditary angioedema utilizing inhibition of bradykinin-forming enzymes
Authors: K. Joseph, S. Bains, B. G. Tholanikunnel, A. Bygum, A. Aabom, C. Koch, H. Farkas, L. Varga, B. Ghebrehiwet, A. P. Kaplan
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Hereditary angioedema types I and II are caused by a functional deficiency of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH), leading to overproduction of bradykinin. The current functional diagnostic assays employ inhibition of activated C1s; however, an alternative, more physiologic method is desirable.ELISAs were developed using biotinylated activated factor XII (factor XIIa) or biotinylated kallikrein bound to avidin-coated plates. Incubation with plasma was followed by detection of bound C1-INH.After standard curves were developed for quantification of C1-INH, serial dilutions of normal plasma were employed to validate the ability to detect known concentration of C1-INH in the plasma as a percent of normal. Hereditary angioedema (HAE) types I and II were then tested. The level of functional C1-INH in all HAE types I and II plasma tested was less than 40% of our normal control. This was evident regardless of whether we measured factor XIIa-C1-INH or kallikrein-C1-INH complexes, and the two assays were in close agreement. By contrast, testing the same samples utilizing the commercial method (complex ELISA, Quidel Corp.) revealed the levels of C1-INH between 0 and 57% of normal (mean, 38%), and 42 samples were considered equivocal (four controls and 38 patients).Diagnosis of HAE types I and II can be ascertained by inhibition of enzymes of the bradykinin-forming cascade, namely factor XIIa and kallikrein. Either method yields functional C1-INH levels in patients with HAE (types I and II) that are clearly abnormal with less variance or uncertainty than the commercial method.
Efficacy of anakinra, an IL1 receptor antagonist, in refractory Sweet syndrome
Authors: A Delluc, N Limal, X Puéchal, C Francès, J C Piette, P Cacoub
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Sweet syndrome (SS) is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterised by fever, neutrophilia, tender erythematous skin lesions and a diffuse infiltrate consisting predominantly of mature neutrophils that are typically located in the upper dermis.1 The scarcity of the disease does not allow evaluation of drug responses in randomised controlled trials. This report describes for the first time the dramatic efficacy of a treatment with the interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist in a patient presenting with refractory SS.

A 55-year-old woman had, since 1998, recurrent fever, pulmonary involvement (alveolar lung condensations), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) without evidence of an infectious or inflammatory disease. Skin lesions of the right flank were occasionally …
Surgical aspects of pulmonary histoplasmosis: A series of 110 cases
Authors: M. K. Sutaria, J. W. Polk, P. Reddy, S. K. Mohanty
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Histoplasmosis is of special interest to thoracic surgeons because it may appear in such a wide variety of clinical forms. Fourteen years9 experience with 110 proved cases of surgically treated pulmonary histoplasmosis has been reviewed. Twenty-one of these patients manifested as `coinlesion9 and underwent only wedge resection without amphotericin B therapy. A long-term follow-up of these patients indicates that these lesions are benign and need no additional therapy. Thirteen patients with pulmonary infiltration underwent surgery and three received post-operative amphotericin B therapy. Our largest group of surgically treated patients is of cavitary histoplasmosis. There were 76 patients in this group; 38 were managed with only surgical resection and the other 38 had surgical resection together with amphotericin B therapy. Operative indications, various forms of treatment, post-operative complications, and their results have been critically analysed. From this study we conclude that amphotericin B offers little protection against the immediate post-operative complications, but it reduces mortality and a recurrence of the disease, as judged from long-term follow-up.
Genetic Polymorphisms Influencing Arsenic Metabolism: Evidence from Argentina
Authors: Karin Schläwicke Engström, Karin Broberg, Gabriela Concha, Barbro Nermell, Margareta Warholm, Marie Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The susceptibility to arsenic-induced diseases differs greatly between individuals, possibly due to interindividual variations in As metabolism that affect retention and distribution of toxic metabolites. To elucidate the role of genetic factors in As metabolism, we studied how polymorphisms in six genes affected the urinary metabolite pattern in a group of indigenous women (n = 147) in northern Argentina who were exposed to approximately 200 microg/L As in drinking water. These women had low urinary percentages of monomethylated As (MMA) and high percentages of dimethylated As (DMA). MMA has been associated with adverse health effects, and DMA has the lowest body retention of the metabolites. The genes studied were arsenic(+III)methyltransferase (AS3MT), glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and glutathione S-transferases mu 1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1). We found three intronic polymorphisms in AS3MT (G12390C, C14215T, and G35991A) associated with a lower percentage of MMA (%MMA) and a higher percentage of DMA (%DMA) in urine. The variant homozygotes showed approximately half the %MMA compared with wild-type homozygotes. These polymorphisms were in strong linkage, with high allelic frequencies (72-76%) compared with other populations. We also saw minor effects of other polymorphisms in the multivariate regression analysis with effect modification for the deletion genotypes for GSTM1 (affecting %MMA) and GSTT1 (affecting %MMA and %DMA). For pregnant women, effect modification was seen for the folate-metabolizing genes MTR and MTHFR. In conclusion, these findings indicate that polymorphisms in AS3MT-and possibly GSTM1, GSTT1, MTR, and MTHFR-are responsible for a large part of the interindividual variation in As metabolism and susceptibility.
[254] NOVEL THERAPEUTICS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA-TARGETED HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENT AND DRUG RELEASE USING SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: J. Chang, H. Rumpel, H.C.I. Kee, L.H.A. Goh, T.H.R. Ng, K.H.P. Chow, R.V. Ramanujan, C.K. Tan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Abstract S6-07: Genomic characterisation of metastatic samples from breast cancer patients using next generation sequencing
Authors: T Bachelot, C Lefebvre, M Campone, C Levy, M Arnedos, H Bonnefoi, V Dieras, I Treilleux, A Goncalves, G Clapisson, M Jimenez, F Andre
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Although several studies have reported genomic characterisation of primary breast tumors, little is known about the genomic alterations of the metastatic tissues. Breast cancer patients who were prospectively enrolled in a trial (SAFIR01) underwent a biopsy of metastasis. The primary aim of this biopsy was to drive the treatment according to the results of whole genome CGH arrays and sanger sequencing on two genes (PIK3CA and AKT1). The results of the clinical trial were previously reported (André et al ASCO 2013). The secondary goal of the biopsies was to perform genomic characterisation of metastases in breast cancer patients. Here we report the analyses of such metastatic samples using next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. Patients and methods: Two approaches were applied. In order to describe the incidence of targetable genomic alterations, we performed in depth targeted sequencing on 100 genes (200x coverage) using Illumina HiSeq 2000 (DNA vision). This analysis was performed on 240 metastatic samples. The second approach was more exploratory and aimed at discovering new genes involved in the metastatic process and/or resistance to therapies. In order to achieve this goal, we performed whole exome sequencing in 100 pairs of metastatic tissue (100x) and normal DNA (Integragen Inc, Hiseq platform). Finally, phosphor-S6K staining was performed in 300 samples in order to explore the activation status of mTOR pathway in metastatic disease, and to correlate with genomic data. Results: Targeted sequencing was performed on 240 metastatic samples in order to report the prevalence of targetable genomic alterations in metastatic breast cancer. Results are available for the first 159 samples. In addition to the already reported PIK3CA (26%) and AKT1 mutations (4%), NGS identified mutations of PTEN (4%), ERBB2 (2%), K-Ras (1%), ATM (2%), CDH1 (2%), GATA3 (2%), PTPN11 (1%), PTPRD (1%), ROS1 (1%). Results on the 81 samples, together with whole exome sequencing (n = 100) and phosphoproteins are being analysed and results will be available mid-november 2013. Conclusion: This is the first large study that aims at defining the genomic landscape of metastatic samples. Results will provide insights into the prevalence of targetable genomic alterations in metastatic tissue, together with candidate genes involved in the metastatic process and resistance to therapies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S6-07.
Usefulness of Technetium-99m Human Serum Albumin Lymphoscintigraphy in Chyluria
Authors: YOSHIHIRO NISHIYAMA, YUKA YAMAMOTO, YASUTANE MORI, KATASHI SATOH, HITOSHI TAKASHIMA, MOTOOMI OHKAWA, MASATADA TANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Chyluria is a urologic manifestation of a lymphatic system disease abnormality and leads to nutritional deficiency. The case of a patient with chyluria is presented, and the results of lymphoscintigraphy with those of contrast lymphangiography are compared. Lymphoscintigraphy very clearly showed the site of the fistulae and was as precise as lymphangiography. Follow-up lymphoscintigraphy 2 months after therapy revealed no radionuclide accumulation. Lymphoscintigraphy is a useful, noninvasive, safe, and simple technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of chyluria.
Societal costs of exposure to toxic substances: economic and health costs of four case studies that are candidates for environmental causation.
Authors: T Muir, M Zegarac
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Four outcomes that evidence suggests are candidates for "environmental causation" were chosen for analysis: diabetes, Parkinson's disease (PD), neurodevelopmental effects and hypothyroidism, and deficits in intelligence quotient (IQ). These are an enormous burden in the United States, Canada, and other industrial countries. We review findings on actual social and economic costs, construct estimates of some of the costs from pertinent sources, and provide several hypothetical examples consistent with published evidence. Many detailed costs are estimated, but these are fragmented and missing in coverage and jurisdiction. Nonetheless, the cumulative costs identified are very large, totaling $568 billion to $793 billion per year for Canada and the United States combined. Partial Canadian costs alone are $46 billion to $52 billion per year. Specifics include diabetes (United States and Canada), $128 billion per year; PD in the United States, $13 billion to $28.5 billion per year; neurodevelopmental deficits and hypothryoidism are endemic and, including estimates of costs of childhood disorders that evidence suggests are linked, amount to $81.5 billion to $167 billion per year for the United States and $2 billion per year in Ontario; loss of 5 IQ points cost $30 billion per year in Canada and $275 billion to $326 billion per year in the United States; and hypothetical dynamic economic impacts cost another $19 billion to $92 billion per year for the United States and Canada combined. Reasoned arguments based on the weight of evidence can support the hypothesis that at least 10%, up to 50% of these costs are environmentally induced--between $57 billion and $397 billion per year.