tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B35: The effect of extracellular matrix proteins from lung on the migration of breast cancer cells
Authors: Philip M. Carpenter, Cally Xiao, Tuan Ngo, Paul D. Gershon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The lung is a frequent site of breast carcinoma metastasis, yet little is known about the mechanism of breast carcinoma metastasis to lung. The purpose of this study was to determine if extracellular matrix components from the pulmonary microenvironment had the potential to encourage metastasis by inducing motility in breast carcinoma cells. Previous studies provided evidence that products of conditioned media of pulmonary epithelial cell co-cultures were able to induce dose-dependent motility in breast carcinoma cells. The deposited material was analyzed by mass spectrometry, revealing extracellular matrix proteins, including thrombospondin 1 (TSP), tenascin C, transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (βig-h3), and the α3 and β3 chains of laminin 332 (LN332). Motility assays using either recombinant preparations of TSP, βig-h3 or tenascin C, or purified LN332 revealed that LN332 induced greater motility at almost all concentrations of each protein tested. Since pulmonary cells grown on membranes at a liquid air interface more closely resemble the structure of lung tissue in vivo, cells grown in this manner were tested for their ability to produce LN332 and induce motility. After 7-8 days in culture, pulmonary epithelial cells provided a monolayer at the liquid air interface. Membranes with cells on the surface exposed to air were fixed in formalin, paraffin embedded and sectioned for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cells produced LN332, which was both cytoplasmic and in a layer on the membrane surface beneath the cells. Lung cells growing at the liquid air interface were removed from the membrane, and MCF-7 cells were added to the same membrane from which lung cells had been removed, or to membranes which had been incubated with pulmonary cell growth media but no lung cells. Whereas MCF-7 cells placed on membranes without prior lung cells grew in tight clusters, MCF-7 cells added to membranes on which lung cells had been removed showed scattering and pseudopodia formation. This response was blocked by antibodies to α3 and β1 integrins, which are receptors of LN332. Finally, western blots of human lung tissue revealed the presence of LN332. These experiments together showed that pulmonary LN332 is a likely motility factor for breast carcinoma cells. These findings provide a mechanism for the migration of metastatic tumor cells from their arrest in the pulmonary vasculature into the surrounding tissue, allowing their establishment as a metastatic colony. Citation Format: Philip M. Carpenter, Cally Xiao, Tuan Ngo, Paul D. Gershon. The effect of extracellular matrix proteins from lung on the migration of breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B35.
John Lawrence Weston
Authors: J. Somervell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant general surgeon Walsall Hospitals (b Brighton 1914; q Birmingham 1938), died from bronchopneumonia on 11 September 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After working at the Hallam Hospital, West Bromwich, John was appointed medical superintendent at the Manor Hospital, Walsall, at the beginning of the NHS. In the late 1960s, when the Walsall Hospitals were reorganised, he became consultant general surgeon there. In the mid-1970s a skin allergy cut short his surgical career and he entered a family practice in Walsall. He retired in 1981. John's skill and interest in horticulture blossomed in his retirement. He also took up watercolours and became an accomplished artist. Predeceased by his wife, Penelope, he leaves two children and three grandchildren.
Newer Aminoglycosides--Amikacin and Tobramycin: An in-vitro Comparison with Kanamycin and Gentamicin
Authors: A. V. Reynolds, J. M. T. Hamilton-Miller, W. Brumfitt
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Tobramycin and amikacin are new aminoglycoside antibiotics which resemble gentamicin and kanamycin respectively in pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and some microbiological respects. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for these four antibiotics have been determined against 393 bacterial strains (13 species from eight genera) isolated from clinical material Kanamycin was the least active, 89% of the <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> strains being resistant. Resistance was also found in 21% of the <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i>, 16% of the indoleproducing <i>Proteus</i> species, 4% of the <i>E. coli</i> and 3% of the <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. tested. <i>Providenca stuartii</i> strains were often resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin. Apart from these exceptions, however, all the organisms tested were sensitive to all four compounds, gentamicin and tobramycin usually showing the highest intrinsic activity. Amikacin was the most active compound against a selection of strains chosen because of their resistance to one or more of the aminoglycosides. Thus, amikacin represents a significant advance over kanamycin and seems to be superior to gentamicin in terms of its in-vitro properties. This is especially the case in those unusual circumstances when gentamicin-resistant strains are a problem. We suggest that amikacin warrants further investigation since it may prove to be a valuable alternative to gentamicin in the treatment of life-threatening infections.
TRENDS IN GRADUATE TEACHING
Authors: CHARLES GORDON HEYD
Journal: JAMA (1935)

It is indeed a bold spirit who would attempt to prophesy the final objective in graduate medical instruction. There are, however, certain evidences of trends or tendencies that may be evaluated at this time. One given to divination is seldom chagrined by his mistaken predictions, and it is reasonably certain that few now here will be present when the final formula is evolved. In the first decade of the century the majority of men seeking graduate medical instruction were well on into mature life and were seeking to fill the gaps in their medical knowledge. Many were graduates of the hundred medical schools that have ceased to function and the doctor was conscious of two fundamental defects in his training: (<i>a</i>) the lack of preliminary educational qualifications and (<i>b</i>) the inadequacy of his medical training. To his everlasting credit he had the inspirational value of ambition and the desire to
Poor Correlation of Pulse-Wave Velocity and Intima-Media Thickness in Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Yuichi Nishi, Hiroyuki Koshiyama, Sachiko Honjo, Yutaka Seino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Various noninvasive in vivo assessments have recently been applied to the estimation of atherosclerosis in subjects with diabetes. The measurement of pulse-wave velocity (PWV) has been popular with the advance of apparatus, especially in Japan (1–3). However, it remains unknown whether PWV may be valid and reproducible, especially in diabetic study populations (4). In a recent issue of Diabetes Care , Hope et al. (5) addressed the important question of whether it is valid to apply PWV in diabetic subjects. They found that the generalized …
A piece of my mind. Risky business
Authors: D. L. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Dr Wesson was a young physician with superior skills in the first years of a successful private practice. He had a few minutes between cases one morning and made a quick dash home. He died before the second operation. It seems that many physicians fly, drive, drink, smoke, or eat without regard for the known risks that can be associated with each. Why is not well understood. Some have suggested a death wish. Others have called it "playing God." (I don't think God would be flattered to be associated with such a mentality.) This denial of risks and their consequences is viewed as foolishness in others but fortitude in ourselves. How long Dr Wesson had been having symptoms, no one knows. He apparently shared his concerns with no one. Instead, he gambled either by trying to ignore the disease or by treating himself. In either case, he failed. He died
SUPRARENALECTOMY IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Joseph L. DeCourcy
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Let me advise that it has been the policy of my associates and myself to have these patients under observation in the hospital for one week before operating. This was done with patient 1 and three hourly readings were made. During this time the diastolic pressure did not go below 140. To date we have operated only in the so-called malignant type of hypertensive case and it has been our experience that, though the systolic pressure varies considerably, the diastolic does not go below 130 or 140 even with rest in bed. It is also a fact that patient 1, as stated in the original article, had been in bed two months before operation and during this time the diastolic pressure did not go below 140. [Note.—The letter was referred to Dr. Joseph L. DeCourcy, who writes:] We feel confident that our results will improve if we
Spiritual Issues in the Care of Dying Patients
Authors: Daniel P. Sulmasy
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Spiritual issues arise frequently in the care of dying patients, yet health care professionals may not recognize them, may not believe they have a duty to address these issues, and may not understand how best to respond to their patients' spiritual needs. The case of a patient with a strong religious belief in a miraculous cure of metastatic pancreatic cancer is used to explore how better understanding of this belief and more explicitly spiritual conversation with the patient by his treating team might have provided opportunities for an improved plan of care. This article distinguishes spirituality from religion; describes the salient spiritual needs of patients at the end of life as encompassing questions of meaning, value, and relationship; delineates the role physicians ought to play in ascertaining and responding to those needs; and discusses the particular issue of miracles, arguing that expectations of miraculous cure ought not preclude referral to hospice care.
Biomarkers in Heart Failure
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Heart failure results not only from cardiac overload or injury but also from a complex interplay among genetic, neurohormonal, inflammatory, and biochemical changes acting on cardiac myocytes, the cardiac interstitium, or both. This review focuses on biomarkers for heart failure other than routinely determined laboratory values and discusses how these might be used in assessing and managing heart failure.
Metronidazole in the Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: S. B. PENICK, RUSSELL N. CARRIER, JUDITH B. SHELDON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Earlier studies of the effectiveness of metronidazole in treating alcoholism have reported divergent findings. The authors tested the drug vs. placebo in a long-term, double-blind study of 100 alcoholic patients; the drug failed to demonstrate a significant positive effect on abstinence. The only positive finding was a "metronidazole effect"—a decreased desire for and tolerance of alcohol—which was slightly linked with treatment success. The authors suggest that metronidazole may be useful as an adjunct to therapy with patients who develop this effect.
Radionuclide quantitation of right-to-left intracardiac shunts in children.
Authors: C A Peter, B E Armstrong, R H Jones
Journal: Circulation (1981)

A simple, noninvasive method for measurement of right-to-left intracardiac shunts would enhance the management of patients with congenital heart disease. This study describes application of data processing techniques used previously in dye-indicator curves to data recorded during the initial transit of radioactive bolus through the central circulation. Radionuclide angiocardiograms were performed in 20 children, mean age 30 months, immediately after cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease. The radionuclide data recorded over the carotid artery were used to replace arterial sampling required for dye indicators, and forward triangles were fitted to calculate the right-to-left shunt in an approach similar to that of Wood for indicator-dilution curves. Ten of the children had right-to-left shunts by Fick and radionuclide measurement, and 10 of the children with septal defects had no right-to-left shunt by either technique. Both the radionuclide and Fick measurements correlated well (r = 0.95). Therefore, radionuclide angiocardiographic data may be used for accurate calculation of right-to-left shunts in small children, eliminating the need for arterial sampling.
Temporal Correlation of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate With Tc-99m WBC Uptake on Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Martin Charron
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the temporal correlation of Tc-99m WBC studies with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a commonly used index of intensity of inflammation, in a large population of children with inflammatory bowel diseases. Over a 6-year period, 313 Tc-99m WBC studies were performed and the hospital charts of these consecutive children were reviewed. In each set of scans (0.5-1 hour and 2-3 hours) from the 313 patients, the bowel was divided into 8 segments resulting in 5008 bowel segments for scoring. The intensity of uptake on the planar images was graded on a scale of 0 to 6 and compared with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate obtained within 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, or 1 year of the Tc-99m WBC scan, when available. A dataset of 508 erythrocyte sedimentation rates was available for computation. In children with Crohn's disease, when erythrocyte sedimentation rate is obtained within 3 days of the Tc-99m WBC scan, the correlation coefficient is R=0.314 (P<0.005), within 1 week R=0.358 (P<0.05), within 2 weeks R=0.254 (P=0.129), within 1 month R=-0.029 (P=0.84), within 3 months R=-0.002 (P=0.989), within 6 months R=0.241 (P=0.145), and within 1 year R=0.068 (P=0.759). In children with Crohn's disease, the uptake of Tc-99m WBC correlates well with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate during the flare of inflammation, and the correlation progressively subsides after a few weeks. No such correlation was noted in children with ulcerative colitis.
Accessed, accessible, and inaccessible: Where to draw the phenomenal line
Authors: Jesse Prinz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract One can distinguish among perceptual states that have been accessed by working memory, states that are accessible, and states that are inaccessible. Block compellingly argues that phenomenology outstrips access but wrongly implies that phenomenology outstrips accessibility. There is a subjective difference between Sperling cases and inattentional blindness, which suggests that phenomenology occurs under conditions of accessibility, and not inaccessibility.
Carbenicillin Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical Material
Authors: J. H. Darrell, P. M. Waterworth
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to 256 mug. per ml. or more of carbenicillin (Pyopen) were isolated from 17 patients over a period of three months. The infections were not solely due to cross-infection. Low dosage and attempted eradication of the organism from inaccessible sites, such as the bronchi or skin surfaces, by using systemic treatment are two possible causes. Restraint in treating infections of doubtful importance and the use of local applications to appropriate sites with or without systemic treatment is suggested.
Effects of a Physical Activity Program on Metabolic Control and Cardiovascular Fitness in Children with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Barbara N Campaigne, Thomas B Gilliam, Martha L Spencer, Richard M Lampman, M Anthony Schork
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a regular vigorous physical activity program on children aged 5–11 yr with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The experimental group of children (N = 9) took part in a 30-min vigorous exercise program three times a week for 12 wk; the control group (N = 10) did not. Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were used to determine metabolic control. Oxygen consumption was evaluated by treadmill testing and analyses of expired air. The experimental group significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) decreased their HbA1 and FBG while the control group showed no change. The experimental group significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) increased their peak aerobic capacity (ml/kg min) when compared with baseline values (47.14 ± 1.94 versus 50.69 ± 1.30). It was concluded that a carefully applied program of regular vigorous physical activity can beneficially influence metabolic control and cardiovascular fitness in young children with IDDM.
Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol Problems: Research Opportunities
Authors: Kim A. Keeley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In 1986, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) invited the Institute of Medicine, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, to assess the current state of knowledge about alcoholism and to delineate salient research issues. Two volumes resulted; the first, in 1987, was calledCauses and Consequences of Alcohol Problems: An Agenda for Research. This second and final volume deals with prevention and treatment research.  Since NIAAA paid for this study, and because it was written by a committee, the reader should not be surprised by its bureaucratic literary style or its tendency to elephantine generalities. Little effort is made here to shape the data and opinions into elegant, concise research strategies. Readers must be artful enough to do this on their own. To be fair, the authors do state that they wanted to avoid assigning priority to research goals. Instead, they identified as many goals
Early or Deferred Zidovudine Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients without an AIDS-Defining Illness
Authors: John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Purpose: To do a meta-analysis on the efficacy of early or deferred zidovudine monotherapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but not the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Data Sources: Articles on zidovudine monotherapy published through May 1994. Study Selection: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials addressing the efficacy of zidovudine monotherapy in HIV-infected persons without an AIDS-defining illness. Data Extraction: Progression to any primary trial end point; any clinical end point; and AIDS or death. Data were stratified according to disease stage at study entry and duration of follow-up (short-term, <14 months; long-term, >21 months). Data Synthesis: Early initiation of zidovudine therapy was of short-term benefit for all the end points evaluated (for example, the risk ratio for progression to any primary end point was 0.51; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.64). Long-term trials showed a marginally significant trend of decreased progression to any primary end point (risk ratio, 0.73; CI, 0.52 to 1.03). The trend was not significant for other end points. With further stratification according to disease stage, progression to AIDS or death in the short term was significantly decreased for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with CD4 cell counts of less than 500 × 106/L (risk ratios, 0.26 [CI, 0.13 to 0.56] and 0.43 [CI, 0.30 to 0.64], respectively). A regression analysis indicated a larger relative benefit in short-term trials and symptomatic patients than in long-term trials and asymptomatic patients. Conclusions: Early initiation of zidovudine therapy offers a benefit that decreases over time. Symptomatic patients experience a larger benefit than asymptomatic patients. The implications beyond 3 years of follow-up remain unknown.
Effects of a calcium-channel antagonist on large and small coronary arteries in conscious dogs.
Authors: S F Vatner, T H Hintze
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The effects of i.v. nifedipine, 20 micrograms/kg, on left ventricular (LV) pressure, dP/dt, aortic pressure, heart rate, LV diameters, cardiac output, coronary blood flow and left circumflex coronary arterial diameter, and calculations of late diastolic coronary and total peripheral resistances and left circumflex coronary cross-sectional area were examined in 11 conscious dogs. In dogs with spontaneous rhythm, nifedipine induced an early, transient response characterized by hypotension and peak increases in coronary blood flow and decreases in total peripheral and late diastolic coronary vascular resistances. The peak effects on large coronary arteries were observed 2--5 minutes later, when mean arterial pressure was only 8.2 +/- 1.6 mm Hg below control and LV end-diastolic pressure and diameter were not significantly different from control. LV dP/dt was elevated by 7.1 +/- 1.1%, heart rate was elevated by 25 +/- 3.3 beats/min, and cardiac output remained elevated by 54 +/- 7.4%. At this time, coronary cross-sectional area was elevated by 26 +/- 3.0%, late diastolic coronary vascular resistance was reduced by 50 +/- 2.7%, and total peripheral resistance was 40 +/- 3.8% below control. The coronary sinus oxygen content was elevated by 3.4 +/- 0.8 vol% and the arteriovenous oxygen difference fell by 3.5 +/- 0.8 vol%. After beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and with heart rate constant or varying, the increases in coronary cross-sectional area and decreases in late diastolic coronary vascular resistance induced by nifedipine were still observed, but were significantly smaller (p less than 0.01). Thus, nifedipine dilates both large coronary arteries and coronary resistance vessels, effects that could be attributed in part to beta-adrenergic mechanisms. Nifedipine also exerts potent effects on coronary and peripheral arterial vessels, but has little effect on preload.