tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition restores cardiac and hormonal responses to volume overload in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and mild heart failure.
Authors: M Volpe, C Tritto, N DeLuca, S Rubattu, A F Mele, G Lembo, I Enea, P deCampora, V Rendina, M Romano
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition exerts a favorable effect on the response to exercise in heart failure. This study was planned to define the influence of ACE inhibition on the adaptation to volume overload. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal responses to acute volume expansion (sodium chloride, 0.9%, 0.25 ml.kg-1.min-1 for 2 hours) in patients with idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and mild heart failure (New York Heart Association class I or II, ejection fraction &lt; or = 50%). The patients were studied without any pretreatment (n = 14) or after 1 week of treatment with the oral ACE inhibitor quinapril at a dosage of 10 mg/day (n = 11). Seven patients were studied during constant intravenous infusion with nitroglycerin (0.1 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). The study groups had similar hemodynamic and clinical characteristics and hormonal profile at baseline evaluation. In the untreated patients, volume expansion did not increase left ventricular end-diastolic volume measured by echocardiography and was associated with a reduction in ejection fraction (p &lt; 0.05) and with a paradoxical increase in forearm vascular resistance (p &lt; 0.05) estimated by plethysmography. In addition, plasma atrial natriuretic factor did not change, and plasma norepinephrine was increased by saline loading. In contrast, in the patients treated with quinapril, volume expansion induced an increase of both left ventricular volumes (p &lt; 0.001) without changing ejection fraction and reduced forearm vascular resistance (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, in this group, plasma atrial natriuretic factor levels increased (p &lt; 0.05) and plasma norepinephrine did not change during volume overload. During nitroglycerin infusion, volume expansion was associated with peripheral vasodilatation, increases of left ventricular volumes, and no change in ejection fraction. In this group, however, plasma atrial natriuretic factor levels did not change in response to volume overload. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that pretreatment with the ACE inhibitor quinapril significantly improves compromised responses to acute isotonic volume overload in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and mild heart failure. The favorable influence of ACE inhibition on cardiovascular and hormonal responses to volume expansion seems to be related to the cardiac unloading produced by this treatment.
Does hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics, including both decline and reaching a threshold, improve prediction of response?
Authors: Johannes Wiegand, Keyur Patel, Hans L. Tillmann
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We read with interest the articles by Brunetto et al.1 and Moucari et al.2 concerning the role of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) kinetics for long-term outcome of interferon-based antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B infection. Whereas the study by Moucari et al. focuses on HBsAg decline, the study by Brunetto et al. focuses on HBsAg levels at week 48. In the setting of nucleos(t)ide-based antiviral therapy, we have earlier observed a "2-log rule" for HBsAg clearance, in which patients with both a 2-log drop of HBsAg plus achieving an HBsAg level of less than 2-log (or 100 IU/mL) showed eventual HBsAg clearance unless they developed viral resistance, whereas the prediction of either factor alone was less specific.3 The role of HBsAg decline was also recently confirmed for telbivudine, although the authors likewise did not address the dual aspect of HBsAg decline and HBsAg drop below a threshold.4 The role of combining both the decline and threshold was recently also promoted in hepatitis C virus therapy, where a recent study confirmed the increase in early predictability of achieving sustained viral response by combining the decline and threshold approach.5 Thus, we were wondering whether the combination of, for example, a 1-log or 2-log HBsAg decline and reduction below 1-log or 2-log (or 100 IU/mL) HBsAg would also be highly predictive for eventual HBsAg clearance for interferon-based therapies in chronic hepatitis B infection. Johannes Wiegand*, Keyur Patel , Hans L. Tillmann , * Medicine Department II, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Gastroenterology/Hepatology Research, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
Puromycin aminonucleoside metabolism by glomeruli and glomerular epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Giovanni Cercignani, Fabrizio Ginevri, Roberta Bertelli, Lucia Zetta, Fulvia Greco, Giovanni Candiano, Antonella Trivelli, Rosanna Gusmano
Journal: Kidney International (1991)
T-box 21 transcription factor is responsible for distorted TH2 differentiation in human peripheral CD4+ T cells
Authors: Osamu Kaminuma, Fujiko Kitamura, Shoichiro Miyatake, Kazuko Yamaoka, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Shigeko Inokuma, Hideki Tatsumi, Soichi Nemoto, Noriko Kitamura, Akio Mori, Takachika Hiroi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Ship-to-Shore Radio Transmission of Electrocardiograms and X-ray Images
Authors: Albert-Jean Monnier
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IN RECENT YEARS the subject of biological telemetry, the transmission of biological data electrically from a patient to a geographically distant point, has received increasing attention and investigation. Einthoven<sup>1</sup>in 1906 was the first to explore the transmission of electrocardiograms by telephone. This system has been refined and is now in use in several hospital centers and communities. Radio has also been used for intercontinental land-to-land transmission of ECGs and other biologic data. The advantages of telemetric electrocardiography in patient care are beginning to be appreciated.<sup>2-5</sup>However, transmission of such data with accuracy from ship to shore over distances of 1,000 miles or more has been retarded by interference associated with the ship, by other man-produced interferences, and by atmospheric conditions which frequently interfere with radio transmission. Any one of these factors may produce distortion in the ECG configuration. These difficulties have now been overcome, and the purpose
Observations on asthma.
Authors: D V Bates
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

A review of the present understanding of asthma leads to the following conclusions: an elevated IgE is the principal risk factor in the development of childhood asthma; secondary exposure to a wide range of environmental agents (including indoor bioallergens) accounts for the variations in prevalence; prevalence (defined by a positive answer to the question "Have you ever had doctor-diagnosed asthma?") ranges between 4 and 8% in children. Black children have a slightly higher prevalence than white children in the United States, and in both races boys have a higher prevalence than girls. A high prevalence is found in Puerto Rican children in the United States. Patterns of utilization of health care resources (hospital emergency departments, individual physicians, etc.) are dependent on economic circumstances. Low-income children have higher annual morbidity (days in hospital, days off school, etc.) than higher income children and are more dependent on hospital emergency departments for primary care. Relatively little is known about nonatopic asthma in adults, although virus infections and occupational exposures play some part in its induction. There are some striking examples of asthma attack periodicity, and much may be learned from these. Hospital admissions for asthma have increased in many regions over the past 15 years; it is unlikely that this represents the increased admission of milder cases and hence would indicate that asthma has become more severe. This is likely to be a more sensitive indicator of change than mortality. Associations between indices of health effects and air pollutants indicate that these are probably playing a role in the worsening of asthma. Adverse effects related to SO2 and NO2 exposures have been documented, and fine particulate pollution (PM10) is also associated with worsening of asthma. Ozone is an intense respiratory irritant, and, together with acid aerosols, may well be playing a role in the worsening of asthma. It is not known whether any of these agents are affecting prevalence.
Abstract B64: Conglomerate methylation silencing of clustered proto-cadherin genes in the course of cervical carcinogenesis
Authors: Tang-Yuan Chu, Kai-Hung Wang, Cuei-Jyuan Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objective: A common phenomenon in cancer invasion involves global epigenetic remodeling of cell adhesion genes. Taking the advantage of the discrete spectrum of lesions in cervical carcinogenesis, this study aims to discover and characterize globally methylated cell adhesion genes in the early invasion period of cervical carcinogenesis. Methods: Genome-wide methylation array was performed on 36 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3/ early invasive cancer (CA) and 36 normal/inflammation/CIN1 specimens. Methylation silencing was validated in cancer cells and cohort specimens by bisulfite sequencing, methylation specific PCR, RT-PCR and 5-Aza-dC treatment. Results: Widespread methylation silencing of 12 members of clustered protocadherin (PCDH) genes including PCDHA4, PCDHA8, PCDHA10, PCDHA13, PCDHB3, PCDHB6, PCDHB7, PCDHB14, PCDH GA12, PCDHGB6, PCDHGB7 and PCDHGC3 was discovered and validated. These PCDH genes were collectively silenced by methylation in differing spectra in a wide variety of cancer cells including carcinoma of the cervix (4/4 cell lines), endometrium (2/2), liver (3/3), head and neck (3/3), breast (1/3), and lung (1/2). In an independent cohort of the spectrum of cervical neoplasia including 60 normals, 30 CIN1, 20 CIN2/3 and 80 CA, methylated PCDHA13 was noted in 17%, 58%, 69% and 78%, respectively (P&amp;lt;10-11). Conclusions: Methylation silencing of clustered PCDH genes is a general phenomenon of carcinomas. Methylation of members of this gene family can be valuable diagnostic markers in detection of cancers as exemplified by methylated PCDHA13 in cervical cancer. Citation Format: Tang-Yuan Chu, Kai-Hung Wang, Cuei-Jyuan Lin. Conglomerate methylation silencing of clustered proto-cadherin genes in the course of cervical carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B64.
A Lecture ON THE NATURE OF TABES: Delivered at the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic
Authors: W. R. Gowers
Journal: BMJ (1905)

NTLmNEN,-To attempt to expound the unknown is, a task from which the boldest teacher may reasonably shrink.In' the strict sense of the word "unknown," if we take it as!-equivalent to the unproved, it is true of the pathology of lo,comotor ataxy.Yet we may surmise that which we cannot' -demonstrate.Much in medicine that we do not think of doubting is still not strictly proved.Hypothesis may rest on ground that is firm, and yet it may be only the scaffolding for future proof.It is so, I believe, with regard to tabes.I strive, therefore, to fulfil the promise I made in the last lecture, and attempt to explain the evidence we can diseerm Tegarding the nature of -the disease,.I must ask you stand that it is only evidence of that which is probable, and not to be regarded as certain truth.It is not, therefore, less deserving of consideration.To consider and weigh cir- .cumstantialevidence in medical problems is a mental exer- cise of special value to every student, young or old.It process on which we are often compelled to rely, not only in general problems, but also in the questions prented single cases in: our daily work.The subject of the nature oftabes has been more discussed, perhaps, than any other in present-day pathology.
Abstract 4997: MMP14 as PTP4A3 downstream target is involved in uveal melanoma cell dissemination
Authors: Selma Maacha
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Abstract: Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults, representing 5% of all melanomas. Although at diagnosis over 95% of patients have disease limited to the eye, about 50% will develop metastases after a median period of 36 months. High expression levels of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 4A3 (PTP4A3), a dual phosphatase, is highly predictive of metastasis development and PTP4A3 overexpression in uveal melanoma cells increases their in vitro migration and in vivo invasiveness. The PTP4A3 mechanism of action in the tumoral process is poorly understood. We identified the metalloprotease MMP14 as an interacting partner of PTP4A3. MMP14 is more abundant at the cell membrane in PTP4A3 invasive cells compared to control cells (inactive catalytic site mutant GFP-PTP4A3(C104S) or EGFP) and inhibition of MMP14 expression decreases PTP4A3-induced cell invasiveness. The MMP14-differential cell membrane localization in presence of PTP4A3 is currently investigated by studying the trafficking of MMP14 in these cells. Citation Format: Selma Maacha. MMP14 as PTP4A3 downstream target is involved in uveal melanoma cell dissemination. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4997. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4997
Prognosis of chronic ulcerative colitis in a community.
Authors: C M Stonnington, S F Phillips, A R Zinsmeister, L J Melton
Journal: Gut (1987)

Utilising the population based data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we estimated survival and risk of subsequent colon cancer in the 182 residents of Rochester, Minnesota, initially diagnosed with chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) between 1985 and 1979. Twenty five (13.7%) had a proctocolectomy during the course of follow up. Three patients developed colorectal adenocarcinoma after the initial diagnosis of CUC (relative risk = 1.9, 95% CI 0.4-5.4). Excluding proctitis cases, the relative risk of cancer was 2.4 (95% CI 0.3-8.7). At last follow up, 37 (20.3%) were dead; only 10 patients had chronic ulcerative colitis mentioned on the death certificate. Overall survival was similar to that expected for the general population of like age and sex. Our results suggest that chronic ulcerative colitis in the community is typically a milder disease than would appear from hospital or referral centre series.
Mercury in the Umbilical Cord: Implications for Risk Assessment for Minamata Disease.
Authors: C Dalgard, P Grandjean, PJ Jorgensen, P Weihe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Umbilical cord tissue was obtained from 50 births in the Faroe Islands, where high mercury intake is due to ingestion of pilot whale meat. The mercury concentration correlated significantly with the frequency of maternal whale meat dinners during pregnancy and with mercury concentrations in umbilical cord blood and in maternal hair. The results were compared with published values for mercury in umbilical cord tissue from 12 infants diagnosed with congenital methylmercury poisoning in Minamata, Japan. From the regression coefficients obtained in the Faroese samples, the median umbilical cord mercury concentration of 4.95 nmol/g dry weight in Minamata would correspond to 668 nmol/l cord blood and 114 nmol/g maternal hair. These levels agree well with other evidence of susceptibility of the fetus to increased exposure to methylmercury.
Stretch Brachial Plexopathy
Authors: Judith Lynn Gorelick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 29-year-old man had a one-month history of weakness of the left hand and painful paresthesias involving the radial half of his palm, as well as the palmar aspect of his thumb and index and middle fingers. These symptoms developed immediately after the patient underwent a total colectomy for ulcerative colitis, during which he was positioned supine with both arms extended and abducted to accommodate intravenous access. Examination revealed a bluish discoloration of the radial half of the palm, as well as the palmar side of the thumb and index and middle fingers. The skin in this distribution was dry . . .
The Nephrotic Syndrome: A Prodrome to Lymphoma
Authors: LUNA GHOSH BANERJI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Two patients with the nephrotic syndrome were studied: one with Hodgkin's disease and the other with lymphosarcoma. Kidney biopsy studies were made using light and electron microscopy and one by immunofluorescent microscopy. Fusion of the visceral epithelial foot processes was the common electron microscopic finding in both. Striking improvement of the nephrotic syndrome followed treatment of the primary disease. The clinical significance of the nephrotic syndrome due to lipoid nephrosis as a prodrome of lymphomas is discussed.
Genetics and Preventive Medicine: A Time for Inquiry
Authors: Stuart P. Weisberg
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ANYONE WHO HAS BROWSED THE HUMAN GENOME SEQUENCE CAN READILY appreciate its immense power and potential as well as its staggering complexity, and imperfection. Nevertheless, following its release, British Prime Minister Tony Blair declared, “Today we are witnessing a revolution in medical science whose impact can far surpass the discovery of antibiotics.” And just 5 days prior, fears about the creation of a “genetic ghetto” swirled around London when one of Britain’s largest private life insurers to revealed that it had illegally used data from experimental genetic tests to evalute some insurance applications. Could genetic research rival the clinical utility of antibiotics or spawn a genetic underclass? We do not yet know. Only gradually, through painstaking research, will the true social and medical impact of genetic science be clarified. This issue of MSJAMA explores how researchers, policy makers, and clinicians are defining a role for genetics in preventive medicine. One essential component will be determining the risk conferred by particular genotypes. Complicating this process is the fact that many diseases may have multiple genetic etiologies or may arise from complex interactions between several genetic variants and environmental factors. Karen Steinberg, Marta Gwinn, and Muin Khoury discuss the role of the Centers for Disease Control in dissecting the genetic etiologies of common diseases. Wendy Rubinstein and Reynold LopezSoler explore the heterogeneous genetic causes of sudden cardiac death. However, even the most comprehensive genetic databases cannot be useful without the means to integrate that information into clinical practice. Sue Goldie and April Levine discuss analytic methods used to evaluate the clinical utility and cost effectiveness of genetic testing. John Phillips presents important clinical tools that can facilitate the application of genetic information to patient care. In examining the human genome project Freeman Dyson noted, “Technology only gives us tools. Human desires and institutions decide how we use them.” The use of poorly studied genetic tests to inflate insurance premiums, or fears that genetic research will result in genetic discrimination, constitute harmful reactions to incomplete data. Moreover, given the potential social and economic importance of genetic research, premature reactions to it will not be easily averted in the near future. In realizing the benefits of genetic testing in disease prevention, physicians and policy makers must establish mechanisms to evaluate and respond to the implications of new genetic information as soon as it becomes available. They can thereby protect the public, not only from disease, but also from alarmists and profiteers.
Missense Mutations in the<i>BCS1L</i>Gene as a Cause of the Björnstad Syndrome
Authors: J. Travis Hinson, Valeria R. Fantin, Jost Schönberger, Noralv Breivik, Geir Siem, Barbara McDonough, Pankaj Sharma, Ivan Keogh, Ricardo Godinho, Felipe Santos, Alfonso Esparza, Yamileth Nicolau, Edgar Selvaag, Bruce H. Cohen, Charles L. Hoppel, Lisbeth Tranebjærg, Roland D. Eavey, J.G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The Björnstad syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder associated with sensorineural hearing loss and pili torti, is caused by mutation of a previously unidentified gene on chromosome 2q34–36.
Endoscopic Treatment of Biliary Leakage after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: I. Raijman, M. F. Catalano, G. S. Hirsch, B. MacFadyen, T. A. Broughan, R. S. Chung, M. V. Sivak Jr.
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an effective and safe treatment for uncomplicated symptomatic cholelithiasis. However, biliary tract injury may be more common with this procedure than with open cholecystectomy. We have encountered 17 patients with a biliary leak among 465 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the diagnosis being established by clinical and radiographic parameters. The most common site of leakage was the cystic duct stump. Patients underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy and biliary stent placement, with an overall success rate of 96 %. No morbidity or mortality related to the endoscopic procedures was encountered. We conclude that biliary leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is uncommon. When it occurs, it can be treated safely and efficaciously by endoscopic means.
Comparative Evaluation of Tc-99m MIBI and Tl-201 Chloride SPECT in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: YUKA YAMAMOTO, YOSHIHIRO NISHIYAMA, KATASHI SATOH, MOTOOMI OHKAWA, KOTARO KAMEYAMA, EIICHI HAYASHI, MASATADA TANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Purpose To compare the utility of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT and Tl-201 chloride SPECT for presurgical assessment of lung cancer mediastinal lymph node metastases. Methods Forty-one patients with non–small-cell lung cancer underwent dual-isotope imaging with Tl-201 chloride and Tc-99m MIBI and were evaluated for mediastinal lymph node involvement. Results The sensitivity rates of early and delayed Tc-99m MIBI SPECT and of early and delayed Tl-201 chloride SPECT for detecting mediastinal nodal metastases were 69%, 69%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. The corresponding specificity rates were 96%, 96%, 93%, and 96%. Conclusion Tl-201 chloride SPECT is superior to Tc-99m MIBI SPECT when used to detect mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer.
A previously undescribed form of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct
Authors: T. Ogura, Y. Kurisu, D. Masuda, M. Hayashi, A. Imoto, E. Umegaki, K. Uchiyama, K. Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is characterized by dilated intrahepatic bile ducts filled with papillary or villous neoplastic biliary epithelium [1]. Not infrequently, because of its production of excess mucin, this tumor causes cystic dilation of the affected bile ducts as well as branched-type intraductal mucinous papillary neoplasm of the pancreas [2]. Because IPNB is really located within the intrahepatic bile duct, the main site of this tumor is within the liver. Although several cases occurring in the extrahepatic duct have been reported [3], IPNB found only in an extrahepatic site that communicated with intrahepatic bile ducts has not been previously reported. We herein report the first case of an IPNB occurring in an extrahepatic site communicating with the intrahepatic bile duct.