tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Follow-Up of Complete Cytogenetic Remission in Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Cessation of Interferon Alfa
Authors: F. X. Mahon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: A small proportion of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) achieve a complete cytogenetic response (CCR), defined as the disappearance of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome–positive metaphases, after treatment with interferon alfa (IFN). In this population of patients, the question of whether treatment should then be withdrawn is not yet resolved. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the present study, we followed 15 patients who stopped IFN after achieving CCR. In nine patients IFN was stopped in view of adverse reactions (n = 8) or patient’s choice (n = 1). For the remaining six patients, the treatment was stopped because no BCR/ABL rearrangement could be detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four successive analyses using peripheral-blood samples. RESULTS: Loss of CCR and survival were not statistically different (P = .48; P = .7) for the 15 patients who stopped IFN compared with 41 other CCR patients who continued IFN therapy in our institution. The median follow-up after discontinuation of IFN treatment was 36 months (range, 6 to 108 months). Seven patients (47%) (females, or CCR > 24 months and RT-PCR negative before IFN cessation; P < .0001) did not relapse. Eight other patients (53%) relapsed (lost CCR) within 3 to 33 months of treatment discontinuation. One of them relapsed in major cytogenetic remission (MCR) and was still in MCR 87 months after stopping therapy without any treatment. CONCLUSION: It is possible to stop IFN treatment at least in some patients with CML who achieve a prolonged period of CCR. This study also illustrates the hypothesis that persistence of low numbers of Ph-positive cells does not necessarily imply hematologic relapse.
Letter by Weinrauch and Barkoudah Regarding Article, “Lack of Concordance Between Empirical Scores and Physician Assessments of Stroke and Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation. Results From the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) Registry”
Authors: Larry A. Weinrauch, Ebrahim Barkoudah
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Prevalence of Increased Intraocular Pressure in Graves' Disease — Evidence of Frequent Subclinical Ophthalmopathy
Authors: George T. Gamblin, David G. Harper, Paul Galentine, David R. Buck, Bart Chernow, Charles Eil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Graves' exophthalmos is frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure on upgaze. Eighty patients with Graves' disease were evaluated prospectively by applanation tonometry to assess the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in this disorder. Whereas 21 (26 per cent) of the 80 patients had exophthalmos, 61 (76 per cent) had abnormal intraocular pressure (Δ ≥3 mm Hg). All patients with exophthalmos had elevated intraocular pressure on upgaze; 40 (68 per cent) of 59 patients without proptosis had abnormal pressure readings. The mean interval between the onset of Graves' disease and this study was 6.3±1.0 years (S.E.M.) for those patients who had exaggerated positional changes in intraocular pressure, as compared with 3.0±1.0 years for those with normal intraocular pressure (P<0.005). All but 1 of 15 patients in whom the diagnosis of Graves' disease had been documented 10 or more years earlier had increased intraocular pressure on upgaze. We conclude that Graves' ophthalmopathy is more common than is recognized clinically and that eye involvement is an inevitable complication of the disease. (N Engl J Med. 1983; 308:420–4.)
Chronic Idiopathic Pericardial Effusion
Authors: JAMES SCHEUER
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion is an unusual condition that causes severe congestive heart failure and may be an early stage in the development of constrictive pericarditis. A case is reported and some other cases from the literature are reviewed in order to present the clinical features and treatment of this condition.
4 DIFFERENT ROLES OF JNK1 AND JNK2 IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NASH AND HCC
Authors: F.J. Cubero, G. Zhao, Y.A. Nevzorova, M. Hatting, O. Drvarov, M. Al Masaoudi, N. Gassler, C. Liedtke, C. Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
835-6 The effect of a calcium sensitizer or an inotrope or none in chronic low output decompensated heart failure: Results from the calcium sensitizer or inotrope or none in low output heart failure study (CASINO)
Authors: Michael N Zairis, Charalambos Apostolatos, Phillippos Anastasiadis, Dimitris Mytas, Christos Katsaris, Nikolaos Kouris, Hristos Grassos, Kostas Karidis, Evdokia Adamopoulou, Spyros Argyrakis, Athanasios Prekates, Stefanos Foussas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Liver damage associated with perhexiline maleate.
Authors: D Lewis, H C Wainwright, M C Kew, S Zwi, C Isaacson
Journal: Gut (1979)

Two patients who developed biochemical and histological evidence of hepatitis while taking the anti-anginal drug perhexiline maleate are described. The pathological changes were those of mild to moderate fatty change together with a hepatitis which resembled alcoholic hepatitis, including in one patient the presence of material which by light microscopy was indistinguishable from Mallory9s alcoholic hyalin. However, the predominantly periportal location of this material contrasted with the centrilobular distribution of Mallory9s hyaline. One patient showed, in addition, severe atypia of the hepatocytes which was still present in less pronounced form 10 weeks after stopping perhexiline. The other patient had advanced hepatic fibrosis.
Nitric Oxide–Eluting Polyurethanes — Vascular Grafts of the Future?
Authors: Subodh Verma, Philip A. Marsden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Aristotle said, "In all things of nature there is something of the marvelous." Nitric oxide is one such marvel. Few could have predicted that one atom of nitrogen and one of oxygen would together be a fundamental regulator of the human body. Among the endogenous defenses against vascular injury, inflammation, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis, nitric oxide assumes the dominant role. Its release from the endothelium counters the activation and adhesion of leukocytes, limits platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, and maintains the vascular smooth muscle in a nonproliferative state, thereby maintaining the integrity of blood vessels and guarding against adverse vascular remodeling. . . .
Gonadal Steroids and Immunity*
Authors: NANCY J. OLSEN, WILLIAM J. KOVACS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

I. Introduction THE remarkable female predominance of such diverse autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and primary biliary cirrhosis has suggested to many clinicians that hormonal differences between the sexes must confer some protective effect on males or enhance the susceptibility of females to these diseases. This review will examine the evidence in support of such an hypothesis. We will examine the effects of gonadal steroids on the function of the normal immune system as well as their impact on autoimmune processes. We will explore current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which gonadal steroids might modulate both normal and disordered function of the immune system. II. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Gonadal Steroid Effects on Immunity A. Normal immune responses are sexually dimorphic A significant body of data establishes that a number of aspects of immune responsiveness normally differ between males and females.
A CASE OF CHRONIC ABSCESS OF THE TONGUE.
Authors: C. W. RICHARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I offer this single case of chronic abscess of the tongue for your consideration, on account of the infrequency of its occurrence and the peculiar train of symptoms which attended its final termination. A chronic abscess of the tongue is a small rounded or oval tumor situated deep in the base on the dorsum of the tongue, anterior to the circumvallatæ papillæ, filled with pus in which fluctuation is present or absent according as the pus is, or is not, tightly pocketed and of several years' duration. According to Butlin this disease is a very uncommon one, and is most frequently observed in adults. Butlin states that the commencement is insidious, and that there is seldom any history of inflammation preceding the onset. In the case which I report I knew of the existence of the abscess for over a year before the pus was liberated or any acute symptoms
Sirolimus for Kaposi's Sarcoma in Renal-Transplant Recipients
Authors: Giovanni Stallone, Antonio Schena, Barbara Infante, Salvatore Di Paolo, Antonella Loverre, Giulio Maggio, Elena Ranieri, Loreto Gesualdo, Francesco Paolo Schena, Giuseppe Grandaliano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Recipients of organ transplants are susceptible to Kaposi's sarcoma as a result of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Sirolimus (rapamycin), an immunosuppressive drug, may also have antitumor effects.
SERUM-THERAPY—STATISTICS UPON THE USE OF THE DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN.
Authors: G. C. CRANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In following the abundant literature which has appeared during the past year upon serum-therapy, we find that the interest of the profession has been gradually aroused, and with the many investigators in the field we may trust that the question will be fairly examined with every means and method at our command. Before the discovery of the germ causation of disease, it was known that an attack of certain diseases effected a longer or shorter natural immunity against those diseases; and in more recent times since the germs of certain diseases have been isolated and cultivated, those best acquainted with theoretical and practical bacteriology have entertained favorable views concerning the possibility of artificially producing immunity against the diseases caused by certain germs. In some diseases immunity can be established by the use of a modified, less virulent form of the germ, but this is not sufficient; more desirable is an
Thomas Gilliland Lowry
Authors: R. Lowry
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Diaphragm disease (DD) of the small bowel is a rarely reported complication of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, characterised by diaphragm-like strictures, most commonly in the ileum, causing varying degrees of obstruction. It typically presents in the elderly, over many years with non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis is challenging, the majority of cases relying on histopathology for confirmation. Treatment involves NSAID cessation and surgery through a combination of stricturoplasties and/or segmental resection. Very rarely DD presents as a surgical emergency. A case presenting as acute small bowel obstruction (SBO) is described, initially diagnosed as adhesions, later confirmed to be DD of the terminal ileum following histopathological examination. Given the widespread use of NSAIDs and an ageing population, it is likely the incidence of DD will increase. It is, therefore, important that surgeons are aware of this disease entity and consider it as a potential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute SBO.
Amphotericin B Is Still the Drug of Choice for Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Brahm H. Segal, Thomas J. Walsh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

We read with interest the recent article by Drs. Segal andWalsh, wherein the authors review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of invasive aspergillosis (1). The authors recommend voriconazole as the drug of choice in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. However, we do not agree with the recommendations of the authors that voriconazole be considered the new standard of care for invasive aspergillosis. We believe that it is too early to accept voriconazole as the drug of choice for invasive aspergillosis. Amphotericin B is a highly effective antifungal agent, and is used as the gold standard against which newer agents are compared in trials of antifungal drugs. The conclusion that amphotericin B is inferior to voriconazole is based on two published trials (2, 3); however, both the trials are limited by their study design (4). The first trial was flawed by its design in using the deoxycholate preparation without requirements for premedication (used for minimizing infusion-related toxicity), or substitutionwith fluid and electrolytes (to reduce nephrotoxicity) (2). Moreover, voriconazole was given on an average of 77 d, but amphotericin B was given only for 10 d, precluding any meaningful comparison of the two study drugs. The second trial was a noninferiority trial that compared voriconazole with liposomal amphotericin B as an empirical treatment of fever of unknown origin in neutropenic cancer patients (3). Despite misleading definitions, voriconazole was significantly inferior to amphotericin B (4, 5). In fact, there was less survival in the voriconazole group, and a claimed significant reduction in the so-called breakthrough fungal infections (defined as those confirmed more than 24 h postenrollment) in favor of voriconazole disappeared when baseline infections that persisted despite treatment (infections arbitrarily excluded from analysis) were included (4). Thus, the available evidence does not support a recommendation to use voriconazole instead of amphotericin B for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. To the contrary, amphotericin B is significantly more effective than voriconazole and is currently the drug of choice (6).
2-hydroxyglutarate detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in IDH-mutated patients with gliomas
Authors: Changho Choi, Sandeep K Ganji, Ralph J DeBerardinis, Kimmo J Hatanpaa, Dinesh Rakheja, Zoltan Kovacs, Xiao-Li Yang, Tomoyuki Mashimo, Jack M Raisanen, Isaac Marin-Valencia, Juan M Pascual, Christopher J Madden, Bruce E Mickey, Craig R Malloy, Robert M Bachoo, Elizabeth A Maher
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
But Not Alone: The Grief of Infertility
Authors: Martin Albert
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was touched by the depth of emotions that Nancy Bradney<sup>1</sup>describes in the account of her treatment for infertility. I would ask that people in Ms Bradney's situation consider the following, and in so doing open their hearts, and broaden their perspective. All of us who have traveled in the Third World are aware that there are millions of unwanted and neglected infants and young and older children lacking parents and homes. The sadness, emptiness, and despair that fills the lives and perhaps the deaths of many of these children is probably very similar in quality and quantity to the despair that Ms Bradney describes regarding the uncertainty of having a child. As a father of one child and two adopted children, my experience has been that the love, joy, and bonding that I feel for each of my children is very special and was
The importance of clinical skills
Authors: J Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The advance of medicine depends on the union of clinical art with high technology science. Sophisticated investigative methods improve clinical awareness and ability, but doctors and nurses must know how to interpret the results produced by the instruments they use. They must be aware of the limitations and possibilities of error. Uncritical reliance on values obtained by machines can be dangerous.1

Over 100 hundred years ago Anstie commented on the value of the sphygmograph but warned that it should be “used in conjunction with the strictest and most diligent observance of other means of clinical research.”2 Thirty years ago Godber wrote, “Though mechanical aids and measuring devices extend the capacity of the doctors to serve the patient, they do not replace him. They are the adjuncts to the human relationship between doctor and nurse and patient; they cannot replace the art.”3

A good example of the clinically inexperienced being dependent on high technology is provided by the Swan-Ganz catheter for measuring intracardiac pressures in critically ill patients. Certainly echocardiography gives more information about the mitral valve and ventricular function than …
Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy: Evaluation by Phonocardiography, Endomyocardial Biopsy, and Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: MICHAEL R. BRISTOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy, right heart catheterization, and systolic time intervals were done in 33 adult patients receiving doxorubicin (Adriamycin™). Doxorubicin administration was associated with a doserelated increase in the degree of myocyte damage, and 27 of 29 patients biopsied at doses ≥ 240 mg/m2 had doxorubicin-associated degenerative changes identified on biopsy. The pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time ratio (PEP/LVET) showed a threshold phenomenon and did not begin to increase until a total dose of 400 mg/m2 had been reached. Seven patients with catheterization-proven heart failure had a significantly greater amount of myocyte damage on biopsy than dose-matched control subjects (P < 0.01). Previous mediastinal radiation appeared to potentiate the doxorubicin-associated degenerative process. Mediastinal radiation and age ≥ 70 years appeared to be risk factors for doxorubicin-associated heart failure. Dose limitation by combined clinical, noninvasive, invasive, and morphologic criteria offered an advantage over empirical dose limitation or dose limitation by PEP/LVET alone.
Arrhythmias in biopsy proven acute myocarditis versus acute pericarditis with no evidence of myocarditis in endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Arsen D. Ristic, Guenter Hufnagel, Sabine Pankuweit, Petar M. Seferovic, Miodrag Ostojic, Roland Moll, Bernhard Maisch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Constitutive expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
Authors: D C Young, K Wagner, J D Griffin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene was studied by Northern blot analysis in normal human hematopoietic cells and a series of leukemias. GM-CSF messenger (m)RNA was detected in activated T cells, but not in normal bone marrow cells, monocytes, or nonactivated T cells. In contrast, leukemic cells from 11 of 22 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia expressed GM-CSF transcripts. Biologically active CSF was detected in supernatant conditioned by 6 of these 11 leukemias. Expression of the GM-CSF gene was not detected in "common" (pre-B cell) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (11 cases tested) or chronic myeloid leukemia (4 cases tested). These results show that the GM-CSF gene is constitutively expressed in a subset of patients with AML, and further suggest that expression of this gene could contribute to the abnormal growth properties characteristic of AML.
A study of the role of house dust mite in atopic dermatitis
Authors: P.G. NORRIS, O. SCHOFIELD, R.D.R. CAMP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Subjects with positive skin-prick tests to house dust mite (HDM) solution, including those with and without atopic dermatitis, participated in a double-blind, controlled study of the role of HDM exposure in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. HDM solution and diluent control were applied daily to mildly eczematous or clinically uninvolved skin of the antecubital or popliteal fossae, without prior abrasion, for 5 days. Responses were assessed by a clinical grading system and by measurement of area of dermatitis; pruritus was recorded on visual analogue scales. The clinical grading system showed that marked or moderate delayed local reactions developed in one third of patients with atopic dermatitis in response to HDM application to both mildly eczematous and clinically uninvolved skin. Relative to control sites, significant increases in area of dermatitis and degree of pruritus were also recorded in response to HDM application to mildly eczematous sites. Application of HDM solution to normal, unabraded skin of prick test positive subjects without a history of dermatitis, produced pruritus and immediate urticarial responses which were not seen at control sites, findings which demonstrate that HDM antigen may be rapidly absorbed in normal skin. Application of vehicle or antigen solution to which subjects were negative on prick testing, produced no significant local reactions. This study provides objective evidence for a role for cutaneous HDM exposure in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
Effector and Regulatory Roles of Distinct Lung Macrophage Subsets in the Response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Hosts with Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: D.D. Chaplin, C.L. Zindl, T.P. Atkinson, C.L. Maynard, N. van Rooijen, C.T. Weaver, J. Lai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Dec 1 Designated World AIDS Day: Message Is 'Join the Worldwide Effort'
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1988)

CHEFS IN PARIS are planning to cook a special dinner and donate the proceeds to the cause. King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV will speak over the radio to his subjects on the Pacific Ocean island of Tonga. A choir organized by Varig Airlines will sing at the airport in São Paulo, Brazil; logo-bearing T-shirts will be sold on the beach in the Seychelles; and a condom show will be presented in Bangkok. These activities and hundreds more, launched under the sponsorship of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Programme on AIDS (GPA), will start today and culminate on Dec 1 in World AIDS Day. To focus attention on the universal war under way against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infection with human immunodeficiency virus, the GPA began in June to encourage governments and communities as well as groups and individuals to plan events with the themes "Let's talk about AIDS," "Join the
Circadian variation of blood pressure in autonomic failure.
Authors: S Mann, D G Altman, E B Raftery, R Bannister
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We have monitored ambulant intra-arterial blood pressure with the Oxford system in six subjects with autonomic failure who exhibited postural hypotension. Plotting pooled hourly mean values we have demonstrated a consistent circadian trend in blood pressure that was the inverse of the normal pattern, with the highest pressures at night and the lowest in the morning. In four subjects, confinement to bed did not substantially alter this pattern. Heart rate variability was much reduced in four of the subjects, but relatively normal in two in whom blood pressure variation was also less abnormal. There was a correlation of the nadir of the blood pressure measurements with the reported time of peak incidence of orthostatic symptoms. These findings are of importance in both the management and physiologic testing of patients with this condition.
Jack A. Klieger, MD
Authors: John J. Brennan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

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