tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemic of Tuberculosis in a Primary School
Authors: R. F. Stronge, S. V. Balmer
Journal: BMJ (1961)

PHENINDIONE HEPATITIS sBxcLSH 1319 39.4°C.) and rash continued for 22 days.Jaundice appeared 35 days (September 30) after starting phenindione treatment.During the next week the jaundice, fever.and rash subsided rapidly.Liver-function tests (see Table , No. 8) suggested cholestatic jaundice.The blood count was normal.Three months later the blood count, serum proteins, and liver-function tests were repeated and found normal.Case 3.-A man aged 62 started treatment with phenindione on January 10, 1957, after his second myocardial infarction.Three weeks later he developed a rash on the arms and legs, and nicoumalone was substituted.On February 15 he felt unwell and had developed anorexia.A week later he had epigastric pain and two days after this became jaundiced, 46 days after treatment with phenindione was started.Throughout his illness he remained apyrexial with a bradycardia of 55-60 a minute.Initially the liver was just palpable and slightly tender.Liver-function tests (see Table , No. 9) suggested cholestatic jaundice.The blood count was normal.He improved slowly, but was still jaundiced two months later (on April 25 the serum bilirubin was 1.2 mg./100 ml.), and it was not until towards the end of the third month that he was well and his serum bilirubin returned to normal (0.6 mg. on May 23).Anticoagulants were stopped when the jaundice developed, and were not used again.He was symptomfree when last seen (January, 1961).
Pharmacologic Inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Induces A Spindle Checkpoint-Dependent Mitotic Arrest in the Absence of Spindle Damage
Authors: Xing Zeng, Frederic Sigoillot, Shantanu Gaur, Sungwoon Choi, Kathleen L. Pfaff, Dong-Chan Oh, Nathaniel Hathaway, Nevena Dimova, Gregory D. Cuny, Randall W. King
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Detection of non-H2 antigen(s) which, like Ia antigens, are associated with the Fc receptor of B lymphocytes.
Authors: H B Dickler, J L Cone, M T Kubicek, D H Sachs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Antibodies contained in an A/J anti-B10 antiserum, when tested on lymphocytes from B10.A mice, were shown to bind to both B and T cells and to inhibit the binding of Ig complexes to the Fc receptors of B lymphocytes. These antibodies could be removed by absorption with B10.D2 lymphocytes. Similar results were obtained with lymphocytes from two to six (B6A)F1 x A/J backcross mice which had H-2a/a genotype. These data indicate that alloantigens determined by at least one non-H-2 locus are associated with or a part of Fc receptors. These antigens may be similar in structure and function to Ia antigens.
Action of Promethazine on Systemic Blood Pressure, Pulmonary Artery Pressure, and Pulmonary Blood-flow
Authors: S. Howarth, S. G. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Since the report of Winter (1948) that some antihist- amine drugs potentiate the hypnotic effect of barbiturates in animals, the former have been used with increasing frequency by anaesthetists (Beard, 1954).Promethazine hydrochloride (" phenergan ") has been administered alone or in association with a barbiturate or pethidine as a sedative before cardiac catheterization, and it there- fore seemed necessary to determine the effects of the drug on the circulation.This paper reports the results of the investigation. Mateirial and MethodsSix cases undergoing cardiac catheterization for diagnostic purposes were investigated : three had mitral stenosis, in two an atrial septal defect was confirmed, and in one with a dilated aorta no abnormality was found.Promethazine hydrochloride in doses of 50 or 25 mg.was administered by intravenous injection.The premedication is shown in the Table.
Prof. Andrzej Szczeklik, 1938–2012: aspirin-induced asthma and much more
Authors: Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Jacek Musiał, Marek Sanak, Piotr Gajewski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

We deeply regret to inform you of the death of Andrzej Szczeklik on February 3, 2012. Born in 1938 in Cracow, Poland, Andrzej Szczeklik, MD, PhD, was a professor and long-term Chairman of the Dept of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow. He received his graduate degree from the Medical University of Cracow and, after completing his 1-yr internship in the USA, he worked for 7 yrs at the Academy of Medicine in Wroclaw, Poland. There, in 1966 he obtained his PhD. From 1972 he was the Chairman of the University Dept of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and in 1989 became Chairman of the Dept of Medicine, Jagiellonian University School …
Inhibition by sodium cromoglycate of bronchoconstriction stimulated by respiratory heat loss: comparison of pressurised aerosol and powder.
Authors: K M Latimer, R Roberts, M M Morris, F E Hargreave
Journal: Thorax (1984)

The protective effect was examined of three doses (2, 10, and 20 mg) of sodium cromoglycate inhaled from a pressurised metered dose inhaler on the response to isocapnic hyperventilation of cold dry air in 10 asthmatic subjects. This was compared with the effect of cromoglycate powder (20 mg) inhaled from a Spincap and with placebo given on two occasions. The medications were inhaled on separate days, in random order and with the use of a double blind double dummy technique, 20 minutes before isocapnic hyperventilation of two fold increasing volumes of air (-15 degrees C, 0% humidity) to produce a 20% fall in the post-treatment FEV1. The response was expressed as the provocative dose of respiratory heat loss required to cause a fall in FEV1 of 15% (PD15, kcal/min). The mean baseline spirometric indices exceeded 85% of predicted normal values on each test day; both placebo treatments reduced the baseline FEV1 by comparison with all active treatments (p less than 0.0001). Comparison of the PD15 on the two placebo days confirmed excellent reproducibility. All doses of cromoglycate shifted the respiratory heat loss dose-response curve to the right of the placebo curve; PD15 after all active treatments exceeded PD15 after placebo (p less than 0.0001). There was no cromoglycate dose-response relationship between the three doses of aerosol (p greater than 0.05), or between any dose of aerosol and powder (p greater than 0.05). It is concluded that cromoglycate aerosol inhaled from a pressurised inhaler in a dose of 2 mg gives the same magnitude of protection against bronchoconstriction stimulated by airway cooling as 20 mg of pressurised aerosol or powder from a Spincap.
Effects of pancreas transplantation on distribution and composition of plasma lipoproteins
Authors: B. Föger, A. Königsrainer, G. Palos, A. Ritsch, G. Tröbinger, H.-J. Menzel, M. Lechleitner, A. Doblinger, P. König, G. Utermann, R. Margreiter, J.R. Patsch
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Relationship between Vehicle Emissions Laws and Incidence of Suicide by Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gas in Australia, 2001–06: An Ecological Analysis
Authors: David M. Studdert, Lyle C. Gurrin, Uma Jatkar, Jane Pirkis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Globally, suicide accounts for 5.2% of deaths among persons aged 15 to 44 years and its incidence is rising. In Australia, suicide rates peaked in 1997 and have been declining since. A substantial part of that decline stems from a plunge in suicides by one particular method: asphyxiation by motor vehicle exhaust gas (MVEG). Although MVEG remains the second most common method of suicide in Australia, its incidence decreased by nearly 70% in the decade to 2006. The extent to which this phenomenon has been driven by national laws in 1986 and 1999 that lowered permissible levels of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions is unknown. The objective of this ecological study was to test the relationship by investigating whether areas of Australia with fewer noxious vehicles per capita experienced lower rates of MVEG suicide.We merged data on MVEG suicides in Australia (2001-06) with data on the number and age of vehicles in the national fleet, as well as socio-demographic data from the national census. Poisson regression was used to analyse the relationship between the incidence of suicide within two levels of geographical area--postcodes and statistical subdivisions (SSDs)--and the population density of pre-1986 and pre-1999 passenger vehicles in those areas. (There was a mean population of 8,302 persons per postcode in the study dataset and 87,413 persons per SSD.) The annual incidence of MVEG suicides nationwide decreased by 57% (from 2.6 per 100,000 in 2001 to 1.1 in 2006) during the study period; the population density of pre-1986 and pre-1999 vehicles decreased by 55% (from 14.2 per 100 persons in 2001 to 6.4 in 2006) and 26% (from 44.5 per 100 persons in 2001 to 32.9 in 2006), respectively. Area-level regression analysis showed that the suicide rates were significantly and positively correlated with the presence of older vehicles. A percentage point decrease in the population density of pre-1986 vehicles was associated with a 6% decrease (rate ratio [RR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.08) in the incidence of MVEG suicide within postcode areas; a percentage point decrease in the population density of pre-1999 vehicles was associated with a 3% decrease (RR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.02-1.04) in the incidence of MVEG suicide.Areas of Australia with fewer vehicles predating stringent CO emission laws experience lower rates of MVEG suicide. Although those emission laws were introduced primarily for environmental reasons, countries that lack them may miss the benefits of a serendipitous suicide prevention strategy. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Manual of Vascular Surgery
Authors: Julius Conn
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<i>Manual of Vascular Surgery</i>, volume 1, presents current indications and surgical techniques for correcting most of the commonly encountered vascular problems of the head, neck, and abdomen. The initial chapters cover angiography and basic vascular surgical techniques such as selection and handling of grafts, suture techniques, and prevention and treatment of complications. The remaining chapters cover diseases of the carotid artery, the proximal brachiocephalic vessels, and diseases of the abdominal aorta and its visceral branches. The techniques for operating on these vessels are clearly and succinctly outlined. The diagrams of surgical techniques are in color and are clear, concise, and complete. They are supplemented by easily read operative photographs and angiograms. The clarity of the illustrations enables the reader to follow and understand them with ease. Anyone fortunate enough to read the manual will be able to understand the indications for surgery as well as the technical steps in performing
γ-Irradiation–Induced DNA Damage Checkpoint Activation Involves Feedback Regulation between Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 and BRCA1
Authors: Ying Yan, Claudine P. Black, Phu T. Cao, Jamie L. Haferbier, Ryan H. Kolb, Rebecca S. Spieker, Alexandra M. Ristow, Kenneth H. Cowan
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the activation of G2-M checkpoint after exposure of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to γ-irradiation (IR) is dependent on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. Studies presented in this report indicate that IR exposure of MCF-7 cells is associated with a marked increase in expression of breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) tumor suppressor, an effect that requires ERK1/2 activation and involves posttranscriptional control mechanisms. Furthermore, reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation, as well as colocalization studies, indicate an interaction between BRCA1 and ERK1/2 in both nonirradiated and irradiated cells. Studies using short hairpin RNA targeting BRCA1 show that BRCA1 expression is necessary for IR-induced G2-M cell cycle arrest, as well as ERK1/2 activation in MCF-7 cells. Although BRCA1 expression is not required for IR-induced phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)–Ser1981, it is required for ATM-mediated downstream signaling events, including IR-induced phosphorylation of Chk2-Thr68 and p53-Ser20. Moreover, BRCA1 expression is also required for IR-induced ATM and rad3 related activation and Chk1 phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells. These results implicate an important interaction between BRCA1 and ERK1/2 in the regulation of cellular response after IR-induced DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5113–21]
Acute Viral Hepatitis in Adults
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We compared the radioimmunoassay (RIA) and counterimmunoelectrophoretic (CIE) methods in detecting hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) in 407 acute and 336 convalescent sera of adults with viral hepatitis. The CIE method demonstrated that 41% of acute and 28% of 14- to 17-day serum specimens were HBsAg-positive. The RIA method demonstrated seropositivity in 60% of acute and 56% of convalescent specimens ( P   ( JAMA 232:366-368, 1975)
Approach to the Patient with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Steven K. Herrine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common and often asymptomatic. Antibodies against HCV are a highly sensitive marker of infection. Molecular testing for HCV is used to confirm a positive result on antibody testing and to provide prognostic information for treatment; however, quantitative HCV RNA does not correlate with disease severity or risk for progression. Chronic HCV infection is most frequently associated with remote or current intravenous drug use and blood transfusion before 1992, although as many as 20% of infected patients have no identifiable risk factor. In an estimated 15% to 20% of persons infected with HCV, the infection progresses to cirrhosis; alcohol intake is an important cofactor in this progression. Most specialists prefer to include an examination of liver histology in the management of patients with chronic HCV infection to aid prognostic and treatment decisions. The current standard of pharmacologic treatment of chronic HCV is weekly subcutaneous peginterferon in combination with daily oral ribavirin, which results in sustained virologic response in approximately 55% of chronically infected patients. Side effects of interferon therapy include myalgias, fever, nausea, irritability, and depression. The cost-effectiveness of interferon therapy is similar to that of many commonly accepted medical interventions. The primary care physician serves a vital role in identifying patients with chronic HCV infection, educating patients about risk factors for transmission, advising patients about the avoidance of alcohol, and aiding patients in making treatment decisions.
Ähnlichkeiten von Symptombildern bei psychosomatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: H.H. Studt, H.G. Arnds, E. Hagedorn, K. Messner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

The symptomatology of 1293 ward-patients treated psychotherapeutically, is the basis for preliminary investigation of the linkages and relationships of similarity of 26 psychogenic bodily symptoms. Statistical correlations show that these 26 symptoms can be classified into 4 groups: central symptoms; borderline symptoms; contiguous symptoms, vagabond symptoms. An attempt is made to show similarities and differences among these 4 symptom groups under the characteristics, objectifiability, type of communication and the course of the symptom picture.
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ALLERGIC CHILD
Authors: BRET RATNER
Journal: JAMA (1931)

My purpose in this paper is to present a method of studying and directing the management of the allergic child from the standpoint of protein hypersensitiveness. Observations in both the experimental and clinical phases of this field have led to certain modifications in practice that may be of interest. I shall not quote extensively from the literature, for that would be foreign to the purpose of this paper. At the outset, it is necessary to define the term "allergy" as it will be used here. This term was first utilized by Pirquet and Schick to designate an altered reaction of the body to a foreign substance, whether purely protein or bacterial in nature. Its meaning in late years has become so broad as to include a large variety of altered reactions, such as those incident to tuberculosis, scarlet fever, rheumatism and other diseases. In the present studies its meaning is
988 EVALUATION OF LOCAL RECURRENCE AFTER TREATMENT FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA BY CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY: COMPARISON WITH DYNAMIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND/OR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: A. Martin-Algibez, I. Fernandez-Vazquez, C. Lopez-Martinez, M.S. Gallego-Gallego, R. San Roman, C. Mufioz-Codocero, G. Castellano-Tortajada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Clobetasol Propionate, 0.05%, vs Hydrocortisone, 1%, for Alopecia Areata in Children
Authors: Patsy Lenane, Colin Macarthur, Patricia C. Parkin, Bernice Krafchik, Julie DeGroot, Amina Khambalia, Elena Pope
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Alopecia areata is an idiopathic cause of hair loss with limited therapeutic repertoire.To compare the efficacy and safety of a high- vs low-potency topical corticosteroid in pediatric patients.This single-center, randomized, blind, 2-arm, parallel-group, superiority trial was carried out over a 24-week period at a tertiary referral academic dermatology clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Forty-two children attending the outpatients clinic, 2 to 16 years of age with alopecia areata affecting at least 10% of scalp surface area, were eligible; 1 declined to participate. There were no withdrawals from the study. INTERVENTIONS FOR CLINICAL TRIALS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive clobetasol propionate, 0.05% cream, or hydrocortisone, 1%, cream. Patients applied a thin layer of the assigned cream twice daily to the areas of hair loss for 2 cycles of 6 weeks on, 6 weeks off, for a total of 24 weeks.The primary outcome was the change in scalp surface area with hair loss over 24 weeks following enrollment. RESULTS All participants were assessed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks (except 1 participant who missed the 6-week visit). After adjusting for baseline hair loss, the clobetasol group had a statistically significant (P < .001) greater decrease in the surface area with hair loss, compared with the hydrocortisone group at all time points except at 6 weeks. One patient with extensive alopecia areata experienced skin atrophy that resolved spontaneously in 6 weeks. There was no difference observed in the number of patients with abnormal urinary cortisol at the beginning and the end of the study.Topical clobetasol propionate, 0.05%, cream is efficacious and safe as a first-line agent for limited patchy childhood alopecia areata. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01453686.
The CD28 and CTLA-4 Receptors Associate with the Serine/Threonine Phosphatase PP2A
Authors: Ellen Chuang, Timothy S. Fisher, Rodney W. Morgan, Michael D. Robbins, James M. Duerr, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Joseph P. Gardner, John E. Hambor, Mark J. Neveu, Craig B. Thompson
Journal: Immunity (2000)

CD28 and CTLA-4 are related members of a family of T lymphocyte cell surface receptors that function to regulate T cell activation. We have found that the cytoplasmic domains of both CTLA-4 and CD28 can associate with members of the PP2A family of serine/threonine phosphatases. The association of PP2A with CD28 was negatively regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD28 cytoplasmic domain. Inhibition of PP2A activity in Jurkat leukemia T cells by treatment with okadaic acid or by expression of a dominant-negative mutant enhanced T cell activation induced by CD28 engagement. Interactions between cell surface receptors such as CTLA-4 and CD28 and serine/threonine phosphatases may represent a novel mechanism for modulating the intracellular signal transduction pathways associated with cell activation.
Abstract 4460: Acquisition of stem cell-like properties during acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors.
Authors: Kazuhiko Shien, Shinichi Toyooka, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Junichi Soh, Kelsie L. Thu, Shinsuke Hashida, Yuho Maki, Eiki Ichihara, Hiroaki Asano, Kazunori Tsukuda, Nagio Takigawa, Katsuyuki Kiura, Adi F. Gazdar, Wan L. Lam, Shinichiro Miyoshi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a critical issue in the treatment of lung cancer. While several mechanisms have been demonstrated to be responsible for acquired resistance, all mechanisms have not been uncovered. In this study, we investigated the molecular and cellular profiles of the acquired resistant cells to EGFR-TKI in EGFR mutant lung cancers. Four EGFR-mutant cell lines were exposed to gefitinib by stepwise escalation and high-concentration exposure methods, and resistant sublines to gefitinib were established. The molecular profiles and cellular phenotypes of these resistant sublines were characterized. Although previously reported alterations including secondary EGFR T790M mutation, MET amplification, and appearance of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) features were observed, these 2 drug-exposure methods revealed different resistance mechanisms. The resistant cells with EMT features exhibited down-regulation of microRNA-200c by DNA methylation. Furthermore, the HCC827-derived subline characterized by the high-concentration exposure method exhibited not only EMT features but also stem cell-like properties, including aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1 (ALDH1A1) overexpression, increase of side population, and self-renewal capability. Resistant sublines with stem cell-like properties were resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents but equally sensitive to histone deacetylase and proteasome inhibitors, compared with their parental cells. ALDH1A1 was up-regulated in clinical samples with acquired resistance to gefitinib. In conclusion, our study indicates that the manner of EGFR-TKI exposure influences the mechanism of acquired resistance and the appearance of stem cell-like property with EGFR-TKI treatment. Citation Format: Kazuhiko Shien, Shinichi Toyooka, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Junichi Soh, Kelsie L. Thu, Shinsuke Hashida, Yuho Maki, Eiki Ichihara, Hiroaki Asano, Kazunori Tsukuda, Nagio Takigawa, Katsuyuki Kiura, Adi F. Gazdar, Wan L. Lam, Shinichiro Miyoshi. Acquisition of stem cell-like properties during acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4460. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4460
Influence of Exogenous Estrogen Receptor Ligands on Uterine Leiomyoma: Evidence from an in Vitro/in Vivo Animal Model for Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Deborah S Hunter, Leslie C Hodges, Patricia K Eagon, Peter M Vonier, Robin Fuchs-Young, Jill S Bergerson, Cheryl L Walker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The remarkable frequency of uterine leiomyoma in the human population calls into question the potential for the participation of environmental factors in tumor etiology. Having been implicated in the dramatic rise in hormone-related cancers in recent years, endocrine disruptors are salient suspects in this pathogenesis, although the mechanism by which they might participate is unclear. Investigations using the Eker rat model show that uterine leiomyoma may have an enhanced sensitivity to modulation via the estrogen receptor. This sensitivity could make these tumors a target for disruption by exogenous estrogen receptor ligands. Direct evidence for a pathogenic role of exogenous compounds in leiomyomas is lacking; however, it can be demonstrated that such diverse agents as organochlorine pesticides, dietary flavonoids, botanical extracts, and therapeutic antiestrogens have either estrogen agonist or antagonist function in myometrial tissues. The use of this model will help define the impact of exogenous estrogen receptor modulators on uterine leiomyoma and will permit the evaluation of strategies for therapeutic intervention.