tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arachidonic acid transformation is not stimulated in delayed pressure urticaria
Authors: FRANCES LAWLOR, R. BARR, ANNE KOBZAE-BLACK, O. CROMWELL, JUNE ISAASCS, M. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Little is known about the molecular mechanisms or inflammatory mediators involved in delayed pressure urticaria (DPU). Pressure sufficient to provoke lesions was applied to the back of six patients with DPU. The levels of products of arachidonic acid transformation in skin exudate from the pressure challenged skin were estimated immediately after pressure was removed and 6 h later when lesions were present. These were compared to levels estimated in a similar way from unchallenged skin in these patients. Levels of leukotriene C4/D4/E4, prostaglandin E2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and leukotriene B4 were not raised in lesional skin. Our results suggest that arachidonic acid metabolism is not stimulated in DPU.
Depression Screening and Patient Outcomes in Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Brett D. Thombs, Peter de Jonge, James C. Coyne, Mary A. Whooley, Nancy Frasure-Smith, Alex J. Mitchell, Marij Zuidersma, Chete Eze-Nliam, Bruno B. Lima, Cheri G. Smith, Karl Soderlund, Roy C. Ziegelstein
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Several practice guidelines recommend that depression be evaluated and treated in patients with cardiovascular disease, but the potential benefits of this are unclear.To evaluate the potential benefits of depression screening in patients with cardiovascular disease by assessing (1) the accuracy of depression screening instruments; (2) the effect of depression treatment on depression and cardiac outcomes; and (3) the effect of screening on depression and cardiac outcomes in patients in cardiovascular care settings.MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, ISI, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases from inception to May 1, 2008; manual journal searches; reference list reviews; and citation tracking of included articles.We included articles in any language about patients in cardiovascular care settings that (1) compared a screening instrument to a valid major depressive disorder criterion standard; (2) compared depression treatment with placebo or usual care in a randomized controlled trial; or (3) assessed the effect of screening on depression identification and treatment rates, depression, or cardiac outcomes.Methodological characteristics and outcomes were extracted by 2 investigators.We identified 11 studies about screening accuracy, 6 depression treatment trials, but no studies that evaluated the effects of screening on depression or cardiovascular outcomes. In studies that tested depression screening instruments using a priori-defined cutoff scores, sensitivity ranged from 39% to 100% (median, 84%) and specificity ranged from 58% to 94% (median, 79%). Depression treatment with medication or cognitive behavioral therapy resulted in modest reductions in depressive symptoms (effect size, 0.20-0.38; r(2), 1%-4%). There was no evidence that depression treatment improved cardiac outcomes. Among patients with depression and history of myocardial infarction in the ENRICHD trial, there was no difference in event-free survival between participants treated with cognitive behavioral therapy supplemented by an antidepressant vs usual care (75.5% vs 74.7%, respectively).Depression treatment with medication or cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease is associated with modest improvement in depressive symptoms but no improvement in cardiac outcomes. No clinical trials have assessed whether screening for depression improves depressive symptoms or cardiac outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Contradictions in Highly Cited Clinical Research
Authors: P. S. Heckerling
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of social class, sex, and region of residence on age at death from cystic fibrosis.
Authors: J. R. Britton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the time trend in age at death from cystic fibrosis and the independent effects of social class, sex, and region of residence mortality data for England and Wales from 1959 to 1986 were analysed. Median age at death increased from 6 months in 1959 to 17 years in 1986 and was higher in most years from 1970 in male patients (by one to six years) and in social classes with non-manual occupations (by one to 12 years). Independent odds ratios for death above the median age for the year of death (calculated for years from 1974, when regions of residence were coded by regional health authority area) were 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.16 to 1.87) in male compared with female patients and 2.75 (2.16 to 3.52) in non-manual compared with manual social classes. The independent odds of death at above the median age also varied significantly among regions of residence by a ratio of up to 2.67. Social class, sex, and region of residence are all potential determinants of survival of patients with cystic fibrosis. Social class is particularly likely to confound the effect of management in specialist centres on survival.
Pilot trial of integrating pharmacy into primary care in rural areas is needed
Authors: S. Ford
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Interferon beta in multiple sclerosis Reducing frequency and severity of relapses will be of great clinical benefitEditor-Richard G Richards's editorial on interferon beta in multiple sclerosis deals with the "clinical cost effectiveness" of the drug in the disease, but it lacks a fair balance, emphasising the cost effectiveness and minimising the clinical effectiveness of the drug. 1 Richards states that "the studies showed no evidence of any reduction in the more clinically relevant endpoint-the progression of disability, which should be the goal of treatment."This is his personal judgment and does not reflect the needs and wishes of patients with multiple sclerosis and their families.Multiple sclerosis is a distressing, humiliating, and often long drawn out disease with no cure.For this reason, quality of life, for the patients and their families, is paramount.A drug that can reduce the frequency and severity of relapses, whether or not it diminishes the progression of the disease, will be of great clinical benefit to many patients, improving their situation physically, psychologically, and socially.Surely happiness, feeling better, and increased health have great value.This is what many of us believe that the practice of our profession is about.
Abstract PR9: Investigating combinatorial ligand addiction provides insights into rational drug combinations in cancer therapy
Authors: Emily A. Pace, Ulrik B. Nielsen, Birgit Schoeberl, Diana H. Chai, Anand Parikh, Ashish Kalra, Shinji Oyama, Bryan Johnson, Gege Tan, Aaron Fulgham, Raghida Bukhalid
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer, the second most common cause of death in the United States, is a collection of diseases caused by uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis. The main treatment for cancer is chemotherapy, which generally kills fast growing cells nonspecifically and has many side effects. A different type of cancer treatment, called targeted therapy, aims to avoid general toxicity by using drugs that block the activity of specific gene products, usually encoded by oncogenes, which have been shown to drive tumor growth. To date, targeted therapies, alone or in combination with chemotherapies, have mainly been successful in rare subsets of patients with tumors addicted to single oncogenes. This has created a rationale to mainly treat patients with an oncogene-addiction (such as those carrying mutated or overexpressed kinases) with targeted therapies like erlotinib and trastuzumab, which inhibit human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ErbB2), respectively. Here, evidence is provided that targeted therapies are also effective in tumors that are dependent on multiple growth factors – a phenomenon that is called combinatorial ligand addiction. Specifically, it is shown that ligands that bind the EGFR family and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/MET) can activate protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) across a broad set of cancer cell lines, suggesting that ligand signaling is redundant and widespread. It is also shown that ErbB ligands have distinct signaling dynamics and strengths, which provides a rationale for investigating each component of the ErbB signaling network. Using a systematic approach, we found that ErbB3 is an important therapeutic target even though it is not overexpressed and lacks kinase activity. Furthermore, it is shown that cell lines with and without known oncogene-addiction express autocrine ligands and have improved growth inhibition with drug combinations that include autocrine ligand-blocking antibodies. This research demonstrates that combinatorial ligand addiction creates a new rationale for therapeutic combinations to improve efficacy and prevent resistance in cancer cells that are treated with current targeted drugs. This proffered talk is also presented as Poster A22. Citation Format: Emily A. Pace, Ulrik B. Nielsen, Birgit Schoeberl, Diana H. Chai, Anand Parikh, Ashish Kalra, Shinji Oyama, Bryan Johnson, Gege Tan, Aaron Fulgham, Raghida Bukhalid. Investigating combinatorial ligand addiction provides insights into rational drug combinations in cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr PR9.
P14.05 * INCIDENCE OF GLIOMA IN KUMAMOTO PREFECTURE IN SOUTHERN JAPAN: A 25 YEARS STUDY
Authors: J. Kuratsu, K. Makino, H. Nakamura
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: In Western countries, the incidence of gliomas increases with advancing age. However, no accurate population-based epidemiological survey of gliomas in Japan has been reported. METHODS: We examined the incidence of glioma in a well- defined population residing in Kumamoto prefecture (population 1.86 million in 2001) in southern Japan. RESULTS: During the period from 1989 to 2013, 1,382 patients harboring gliomas were diagnosed; 1,027(74.3 %) tumors were confirmed microscopically. The age-adjusted incidence rate was 2.9 (males, 3.3; females, 2.5) per 100,000 population per year. During the 25 years from 1989 and 2013 there was an increase in the incidence of glioma; the number of gliomas diagnosed in the last 5 years was almost twice that of the first 5 years. Its incidence increased with age; the highest rate was observed in males and females older than 80-years and the age-specific incidence per 100,000 per year was 9.1 for males and 6.0 for females. Although the number of elderly individuals doubled during this study period, the number of malignant gliomas in this group showed a five-fold increase. CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of glioma remains lower in Japan than in Western countries, it is on the increase. Besides the aging of the population, environmental changes may account for the increase in the incidence of malignant gliomas in Japan.
Algorithm for investigating focal liver lesions doesn't apply to patients at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: R. J. Aspinall
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I was surprised that Patel and colleagues’ article on focal liver lesions in a patient with apparent chronic liver disease did not discuss hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.1

Several of the authors’ statements deserve clarification. Firstly, an ultrasound scan suggestive of fatty infiltration in a South …
"Saatchi bill": legal hurdles and clinical irrelevance
Authors: S. Sundar
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The “Saatchi law” was drafted with the noblest of intentions but it faces serious hurdles in achieving the aim of promoting innovative treatments.1

Firstly, the bill needs to be reconciled with various mandatory EU directives on medicinal products.2 As the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency states, the EU “Directive 2001/83/EC relating to medicinal products …
Epinephrine treatment is infrequent and biphasic reactions are rare in food-induced reactions during oral food challenges in children
Authors: Kirsi M. Järvinen, Sujitha Amalanayagam, Wayne G. Shreffler, Sally Noone, Scott H. Sicherer, Hugh A. Sampson, Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Marked Reduction in Internal Atrial Defibrillation Thresholds With Dual-Current Pathways and Sequential Shocks in Humans
Authors: Randolph A. S. Cooper, Vance J. Plumb, Andrew E. Epstein, G. Neal Kay, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —This study tested the ability of sequential shocks delivered through dual-current pathways to lower the atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) compared with a biphasic shock through a standard single-current pathway. Methods and Results —Electrodes were positioned in the right atrial appendage (RA), left subclavian vein (LSV), proximal coronary sinus (CSos), and distal coronary sinus (DCS) in 14 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (170±185 days). Using a step-up protocol, we compared ADFTs for a single-current pathway (RA→DCS) that used a single 7.5/2.5-ms biphasic shock from a 150-μF capacitor with those for a dual-current pathway system (RA→DCS followed by CSos→LSV) using sequential 7.5/2.5-ms biphasic shocks with capacitor discharge waveforms for 150-μF and 600-μF capacitors. Both dual-current pathway configurations (2.0±0.4 J for 150-μF capacitance, 2.4±0.5 J for 600-μF capacitance) had a significantly lower ADFT than the single-current pathway (5.1±1.8 J). Whereas the dual-current pathway with 150-μF capacitor shocks had a significantly lower energy threshold, there was no statistical difference in terms of leading-edge voltage compared with the dual-current pathway with 600-μF capacitance shocks. There were no ventricular arrhythmias induced with appropriately synchronized shocks. Conclusions —For internal atrial defibrillation in humans, sequential biphasic waveforms delivered over dual-current pathways resulted in a markedly reduced (&gt;50% reduction) ADFT compared with a single shock over a single-current pathway.
Chemical modification of DNA with muta-carcinogens. III. Reductive alkylation of DNA with mitomycin C.
Authors: Y Hashimoto, K Shudo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Mitomycin C (MMC) binds to DNA after its reductive activation by catalytic hydrogenation with Pd on charcoal. Three modified nucleotides, named MG-1, MG-2, and MA, were isolated from the modified DNA after enzymatic hydrolysis to 5'-nucleotides. The structures of these modified nucleotides were deduced from their 1H-NMR and UV spectra, and from studies of the chemically transformed derivatives (hydrolysis, methylation, diazotization, and thioketonization). These three modified nucleotides were concluded to be 1,2-trans-2,7-diamino-1-(N2-deoxyguanylyl)mitosene (MG-1), 2,7-diamino-1-(O6-deoxyguanylyl)mitosene (MG-2) and 2,7-diamino-1-(N6-deoxyadenylyl)mitosene (MA). The same modified nucleotides were identified in DNA extracted from the livers of rats treated with MMC.
FRACTURE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: P. S. CONNER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

As ordinarily met with, fracture of the lower end of the radius, is the result of "cross-breaking strain" consequent upon over-extension of the hand upon the forearm. Force received upon the palm, carried up through the os magnum and the projecting line of junction of the scaphoid and semi-lunar, if sufficient to break the radius must do so in a more or less longitudinal direction, not transversely. Over-bending of the forearm bones may, and at times does, cause fracture of the radius, which is approximately transverse; but the level of the break is always higher than that of the common "wrist fractures." Experimentally, by over-extension, every variety of the fracture under consideration can be produced; from the simple crack through the articulating extremity to a separation and displacement of the carpal fragment equal to that of the most severe injury coming under professional care. Whatever its degree, displacement is due
Effect of cytokines on the epithelial function of the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29 cl 19A.
Authors: A Hiribarren, M Heyman, A L'Helgouac'h, J F Desjeux
Journal: Gut (1993)

In various intestinal diseases, lymphoid cell infiltration of the lamina propria might be an important factor causing intestinal dysfunction through cytokine release. The effects of such cytokines were therefore measured on chloride secretion and macromolecular transport in intestinal HT29 cl 19A cells. Cells were grown on transwell filters and serosally exposed for two to 48 hours to 1% or 5% concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) activated or non-activated healthy human mononuclear cell culture supernatants. These supernatants were tested for their interferon gamma (IFN gamma), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL6) concentration. The mean (SE) were 4.72 (1.63), 3.17 (0.14), and 4.47 (1.12) ng/ml in activated supernatants. Intestinal function was studied in Ussing chambers: chloride secretion was assessed from the variations in short circuit current, and epithelial barrier capacity was monitored by the electrical resistance of the HT29 cl 19A cell monolayers and by measuring intact or degraded fluxes of the macromolecular tracer horseradish peroxidase. Release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the presence of various concentrations of cytokines was assessed as a test for cellular injury. The results indicate that serosal cytokines do not directly stimulate short circuit current. Long term (48 hours) exposure, however, significantly reduced both short circuit current (6.79 (0.65) v 2.90 (1.16) microA/cm2 in control v treated cells) and barrier capacity as shown by the decrease in resistance of the HT29 cl 19A cell monolayers from 158 (10) to 36 (9) ohms.cm2, and the increase in intact fluxes from 167 (33) in controls to 874 (206) ng/h.cm2, in cytokine rich supernatant treated cells and in degraded fluxes from 1113 (114) to 2327 (234) ng/h.cm2. This decreased barrier capacity was associated with an increase in release of LDH F(21.7 (1.2) and 43.6 (2.0) UI/h.cm2 in 1% and 5% cytokine treated monolayers v 10.8 (2.1) UI/h.cm2 in control monolayers). The results indicate that cytokines do not directly stimulate intestinal chloride secretion but that prolonged exposure to these agents reduced both electrolyte transport and barrier capacity to macromolecules through cellular and paracellular pathways.
Toll-like receptor 2 is critical for induction of Reg3 expression and intestinal clearance of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Authors: R Dessein, M Gironella, C Vignal, L Peyrin-Biroulet, H Sokol, T Secher, S Lacas-Gervais, J-J Gratadoux, F Lafont, J-C Dagorn, B Ryffel, S Akira, P Langella, G Nunez, J-C Sirard, J Iovanna, M Simonet, M Chamaillard
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Objective:</h3> <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> causes ileitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis by mainly invading the Peyer's patches that are positioned in the terminal ileum. Whereas toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2) controls mucosal inflammation by detecting certain microbiota-derived signals, its exact role in protecting Peyer's patches against bacterial invasion has not been defined. <h3>Design:</h3> Wild-type, <i>Tlr2</i>-, <i>Nod2</i>- and <i>MyD88</i>-deficient animals were challenged by <i>Y pseudotuberculosis</i> via the oral or systemic route. The role of microbiota in conditioning Peyer's patches against <i>Yersinia</i> through TLR2 was assessed by delivering, ad libitum, exogenous TLR2 agonists in drinking water to germ-free and streptomycin-treated animals. Bacterial eradication from Peyer's patches was measured by using a colony-forming unit assay. Expression of cryptdins and the c-type lectin <i>Reg3β</i> was quantified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. <h3>Results:</h3> Our data demonstrated that <i>Tlr2</i>-deficient mice failed to limit <i>Yersinia</i> dissemination from the Peyer's patches and succumbed to sepsis independently of nucleotide-binding and oligomerisation domain 2 (NOD2). Recognition of both microbiota-derived and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-mediated elicitors was found to be critically involved in gut protection against <i>Yersinia</i>-induced lethality, while TLR2 was dispensable to systemic <i>Yersinia</i> infection. Gene expression analyses revealed that optimal epithelial transcript level of the anti-infective <i>Reg3β</i> requires TLR2 activation. Consistently, <i>Yersinia</i> infection triggered TLR2-dependent <i>Reg3β</i> expression in Peyer's patches. Importantly, oral treatment with exogenous TLR2 agonists in germ-free animals was able to further enhance <i>Yersinia</i>-induced expression of <i>Reg3β</i> and to restore intestinal resistance to <i>Yersinia</i>. Lastly, genetic ablation of <i>Reg3β</i> resulted in impaired clearance of the bacterial load in Peyer's patches. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> TLR2/REG3β is thus an essential component in conditioning epithelial defence signalling pathways against bacterial invasion.
ACP Honorary Fellowship Lecture: Endemic Goiter in Southeast Asia—New Clothes on Old Body.
Authors: V. Ramalingaswami
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970ACP Honorary Fellowship Lecture: Endemic Goiter in Southeast Asia—New Clothes on Old Body.V. RamalingaswamiV. RamalingaswamiSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-776_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGoiter has been known to be endemic all along the Himalayas, involving India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Afghanistan. It extends into Burma and Thailand and is known to occur in Ceylon and Indonesia. Recent studies of Himalayan endemic goiter indicated that the endemic is attributable to environmental iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency in the Himalayas is severe and is frequently accompanied by manifestations of developmental disturbances in the form of deaf-mutism and cretinism. The thyroid is enlarged and hyperplastic even at birth in this area, and nodular transformation occurs at a relatively young age. There is no evidence to suggest that inherited... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: V. RamalingaswamiAffiliations: New Delhi India PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 776-776KeywordsBirthFellowshipsThyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...