tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences in PTSD Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among World Trade Center Disaster Rescue and Recovery Workers
Authors: Megan A. Perrin, Laura DiGrande, Katherine Wheeler, Lorna Thorpe, Mark Farfel, Robert Brackbill
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

This study compared the prevalence and risk factors of current probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across different occupations involved in rescue/recovery work at the World Trade Center site.Rescue and recovery workers enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry who reported working at the World Trade Center site (N=28,962) were included in the analysis. Interviews conducted 2-3 years after the disaster included assessments of demographic characteristics, within-disaster and work experiences related to the World Trade Center, and current probable PTSD.The overall prevalence of PTSD among rescue/recovery workers was 12.4%, ranging from 6.2% for police to 21.2% for unaffiliated volunteers. After adjustments, the greatest risk of developing PTSD was seen among construction/engineering workers, sanitation workers, and unaffiliated volunteers. Earlier start date and longer duration of time worked at the World Trade Center site were significant risk factors for current probable PTSD for all occupations except police, and the association between duration of time worked and current probable PTSD was strongest for those who started earlier. The prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher among those who performed tasks not common for their occupation.Workers and volunteers in occupations least likely to have had prior disaster training or experience were at greatest risk of PTSD. Disaster preparedness training and shift rotations to enable shorter duration of service at the site may reduce PTSD among workers and volunteers in future disasters.
The Imperative to Develop Dedicated Stroke Centers
Authors: H. J. M. Barnett
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A chemotactic S100 peptide enhances scavenger receptor and Mac-1 expression and cholesteryl ester accumulation in murine peritoneal macrophages in vivo.
Authors: W Lau, J M Devery, C L Geczy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

In the early development of atherosclerotic plaque, monocytes are recruited to the arterial intima where they accumulate lipid and become foam cells. The recently described murine chemotactic S100 protein, CP-10, may have an important role in this process. Intraperitoneal injection of CP-10(42-55) (chemotactic hinge region peptide) into mice caused a sustained leukocyte recruitment with a sixfold increase in monocyte numbers over 24 h. CP-10(42-55)--elicited monocyte/macrophages accumulated significantly increased cholesteryl esters in response to acetylated LDL, both in vivo and in vitro and this was associated with a twofold increase in scavenger receptor expression. By contrast, thioglycollate- and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-elicited macrophages expressed levels of scavenger receptor similar to those on resident macrophages and did not exhibit enhanced acetylated LDL loading in vitro. The leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and its beta subunit (CD18), but neither lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 nor very late activation antigen-4, were upregulated on monocyte/macrophages elicited by CP-10(42-55), thioglycollate, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Cholesteryl ester accumulation in vitro was significantly enhanced by adhesion, which appeared to involve macrophage activation via ligation of Mac-1. The initial events of monocyte recruitment and adhesion to the vessel wall may be important in macrophage foam cell development, and CP-10 or related S100 proteins may contribute to the early inflammatory events of atherogenesis by stimulating these events.
Pre-Erythrocytic Stage of Human Malaria, Plasmodium Vivax
Authors: H. E. Shortt, P. C. C. Garnham, G. Covell, P. G. Shute
Journal: BMJ (1948)

showed comparable variations, and it was obvious that amellin had not made the slightest difference to the closely studied pattern of his progress.This lest was undertaken on the suggestion of Dr. R.
Treatment of murine Th1- and Th2-mediated inflammatory bowel disease with NF- B decoy oligonucleotides
Authors: S. Fichtner-Feigl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The Th1 and Th2 T cell responses that underlie inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are likely to depend on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. We explored this possibility in studies in which we determined the capacity of NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (decoy ODNs) to treat various murine models of IBD. In initial studies, we showed that i.r. (intrarectal) or i.p. administration of decoy ODNs encapsulated in a viral envelope prevented and treated a model of acute trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced (TNBS-induced) colitis, as assessed by clinical course and effect on Th1 cytokine production. In further studies, we showed that NF-kappaB decoy ODNs were also an effective treatment of a model of chronic TNBS-colitis, inhibiting both the production of IL-23/IL-17 and the development of fibrosis that characterizes this model. Treatment of TNBS-induced inflammation by i.r. administration of NF-kappaB decoy ODNs did not inhibit NF-kappaB in extraintestinal organs and resulted in CD4+ T cell apoptosis, suggesting that such treatment is highly focused and durable. Finally, we showed that NF-kappaB decoy ODNs also prevented and treated oxazolone-colitis and thus affect a Th2-mediated inflammatory process. In each case, decoy administration led to inflammation-clearing effects, suggesting a therapeutic potency applicable to human IBD.
Decreased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity contributes to initiation of alcoholic liver steatosis in rats
Authors: Taizo Sugimoto, Shizuya Yamashita, Masato Ishigami, Naohiko Sakai, Ken-ichi Hirano, Minoru Tahara, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Atrovastatin improves an atherosclerotic and proliferative lesion on the mitral valve induced by experimental hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Nalini M. Rajamannan, Hani I. Salti, Raffay Khan, Robert H. Bonow, Sameer Gupta, Parag Jain, Nell Stone, Robert O. Bonow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Technological Medicine: The Changing World of Doctors and Patients
Authors: Eric G. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost and Price of Comparable Branded and Generic Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Jere E. Goyan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor. —  Pharmacists are used to the occasional attack in newspapers documenting the finding that different drugstores charge varying prices for the same drug, ignoring, of course, all the differential services that might be involved. It was, however, surprising and disappointing to see such findings, embellished by a national survey and statistical analysis, used to attack generic prescribing inThe Journal of the American Medical Association.1Such comparisons in one city are invidious. Across the entire country, they are ridiculous.  Let no one be misled by the title; generic drugs are cheaper than their brand name counterparts, as shown in Table 2 of the article. (The median savings to the consumer were $7.50 per hundred for these drugs.) There are differences in prices to the consumer because of competition among drugstores, a concept that is endorsed (at least in principle) by both physicians and the drug industry.
How to erase memory traces of pain and fear
Authors: Jürgen Sandkühler, Jonathan Lee
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2013)

Pain and fear are both aversive experiences that strongly impact on behaviour and well being. They are considered protective when they lead to meaningful, adaptive behaviour such as the avoidance of situations that are potentially dangerous to the integrity of tissue (pain) or the individual (fear). Pain and fear may, however, become maladaptive if expressed under inappropriate conditions or at excessive intensities for extended durations. Currently emerging concepts of maladaptive pain and fear suggest that basic neuronal mechanisms of memory formation are relevant for the development of pathological forms of pain and fear. Thus, the processes of erasing memory traces of pain and fear may constitute promising targets for future therapies.
Recombinant DNA-produced alpha 1-antitrypsin administered by aerosol augments lower respiratory tract antineutrophil elastase defenses in individuals with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Authors: R C Hubbard, N G McElvaney, S E Sellers, J T Healy, D B Czerski, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is characterized by insufficient amounts of alpha 1AT to protect the lower respiratory tract from neutrophil elastase, resulting in emphysema. Yeast-produced recombinant alpha 1AT (rAAT) has normal antielastase function but is associated with high renal clearance, thus obviating chronic intravenous administration. As an alternative, we evaluated aerosol administration of rAAT to alpha 1AT-deficient individuals. After aerosol administration of single doses of 10-200 mg of rAAT, epithelial lining fluid (ELF) alpha 1AT antineutrophil elastase defenses were augmented in proportion to the dose of rAAT administered. ELF alpha 1AT levels and antineutrophil elastase capacity 4 h after 200 mg rAAT aerosol were increased 40-fold over preaerosol levels, and were fivefold increased over baseline at 24 h after aerosol administration. rAAT was detectable in serum after aerosol, indicating that the lower respiratory tract epithelium may be permeable to rAAT, and that aerosolized rAAT is capable of gaining access to lung interstitium. No adverse clinical effects were noted. These observations demonstrate that aerosol administration of rAAT is safe and results in significant augmentation of lung antineutrophil elastase defenses, suggesting this method is a feasible approach to therapy. Because this approach is clinically unproven, further studies will be necessary to establish the long-term clinical efficacy of aerosol therapy in alpha 1AT deficiency.
Comparing Dexmedetomidine With Midazolam for Sedation of Patients in the ICU
Authors: Christopher Paciullo
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Goldberger's War: The Life and Work of a Public Health Crusader
Authors: Fred Charatan, Alan M Kraut
Journal: BMJ (2004)

T his is the story of the public health doctor who found that pellagra, the “scourge of the south,” was caused by a flawed diet. Joseph Goldberger was the son of immigrant Orthodox Jewish parents who came to New York in 1883 and settled on the Lower East Side. At first he wanted to become an engineer and enrolled at the free City College, dividing his time between studying and helping at his father's grocery store. A neighbourhood Irish immigrant friend introduced him to the ultimate in engineering marvels—the human body—and young Goldberger became …
EXPERIMENTAL FEEDING OF PROTEINS
Authors: John F. Seward
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the editorial on Nutritive Value of Proteins in the January 29 issue ofThe Journal, page 311, experiments are cited in which intact proteins were supplemented with a free amino acid (cysteine). At the American Medical Association Convention, in Atlantic City in June 1947, Dr. Paul Cannon described experiments on the utilization of a solution of a biologically adequate mixture of amino acids. When one of the essential amino acids was removed from the mixture and given one, two or four hours subsequent to administration of the balance of the mixture, utilization was impaired and negative nitrogen balance occurred. Dr. Cannon concluded that amino acids are available for utilization for not more than an hour or two after their introduction into the blood stream. An abstract (Kuiken, K. A., Lyman, C. M.: Availability of Amino Acids in Some Foods,<i>J. Nutrition</i><b>36</b>: 359 [Sept.] 1948) which
Conference on Neural Control of the Circulation in Hypertension
Authors: SIBLEY W. HOOBLER
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Dr. Conway reviewed his test for differentiating hypertensive patients into those with and without altered vascular elasticity. The discussion then turned to the role of the nervous system in hypertension. Experiments concerning the role of neural influences in initiating permanent hypertension were reviewed by Drs. McCubbin, Wakerlin, Langford, and Stamler. The Dock experiment of pithing hypertensive animals was then considered. His results seemed to indicate the importance of neural influences in maintaining experimental renal hypertension, but it was agreed that it was not justifiable to conclude from this work that renal hypertension was maintained by elevated neural tone (Drs. Braun-Menéndez, Bohr, Goldblatt, Kezdi, and Sapirstein). The conferees then examined the question of increased neurogenic arteriolar tone in human essential hypertension. The lack of evidence for increased neural tone, based on the failure of greater dilation following ganglionic blockade in the hypertensive subject was supported by Dr. Hoobler and opposed by Dr. Kirkendall. Most agreed that inferences from changes in peripheral resistance after blockade were fraught with error, due to the intrinsic elasticity of the arterioles (Dr. Beck), the predominance of venomotor blockade (Dr. McCubbin), the "break through" of buffer reflexes (Drs. McCubbin, Kezdi, Stamler), and the effects of varying types of anesthesia in animal experiments (Dr. Stamler). Finally, in reply to a question concerning ways to produce chronic, sustained, experimental, neurogenic hypertension, Dr. McCubbin mentioned the experiments of Taylor and Page, and Dr. Wakerlin concluded with a description of a technic for producing in dogs chronic neurogenic hypertension which had persisted in excess of 4 years. This consisted in applying a constricting plastic clamp to the carotid sinus area bilaterally, so as to reduce the volume pulse of the arterial branches of the sinus by two-thirds.
Immunity to malaria elicited by hybrid hepatitis B virus core particles carrying circumsporozoite protein epitopes.
Authors: F Schödel, R Wirtz, D Peterson, J Hughes, R Warren, J Sadoff, D Milich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsid antigen (HBcAg) was investigated as a carrier moiety for the immunodominant circumsporozoite (CS) protein repeat epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent malaria agent P. berghei. For this purpose hybrid genes coding for [NANP]4 (C75CS2) or [DP4NPN]2 (C75CS1) as internal inserts in HBcAg (between amino acids 75 and 81) were constructed and expressed in recombinant Salmonella typhimurium. The resulting hybrid HBcAg-CS polypeptides purified from S. typhimurium were particulate and displayed CS and HBc antigenicity, however, the HBc antigenicity was reduced compared to native recombinant HBcAg. Immunization of several mouse strains with HBcAg-CS1 and HBcAg-CS2 particles resulted in high titer, P.berghei- or P.falciparum-specific anti-CS antibodies representing all murine immunoglobulin G isotypes. The possible influence of carrier-specific immunosuppression was examined, and preexisting immunity to HBcAg did not significantly affect the immunogenicity of the CS epitopes within HBcAg-CS1 particles. Similarly, the choice of adjuvant did not significantly alter the immunogenicity of HBcAg-CS hybrid particles. Immunization in complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant or alum resulted in equivalent anti-HBc and anti-CS humoral responses. Examination of T cell recognition of HBcAg-CS particles revealed that HBcAg-specific T cells were universally primed and CS-specific T cells were primed if the insert contained a CS-specific T cell recognition site. This indicates that the internal site in HBcAg is permissive for the inclusion of heterologous pathogen-specific T as well as B cell epitopes. Most importantly, 90 and 100% of BALB/c mice immunized with HBcAg-CS1 particles were protected against a P. berghei challenge infection in two independent experiments. Therefore, hybrid HBcAg-CS particles may represent a useful approach for future malaria vaccine development.
1120. Use of Gene Activated Muscle Grafts for the Repair of Large Bone Defects
Authors: Volker M. Betz, Oliver B. Betz, Ara Nazarian, Carmencita G. Pilapil, Mary L. Bouxsein, Louis C. Gerstenfeld, Thomas A. Einhorn, Mark S. Vrahas, Christopher H. Evans
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Introduction: We present a new bone regeneration strategy using genetically modified muscle grafts. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to show that BMP-2 gene transduced muscle tissue can mineralize and repair large bone defects.
Role of Protein Kinase C in Mitochondrial K <sub>ATP</sub> Channel–Mediated Protection Against Ca <sup>2+</sup> Overload Injury in Rat Myocardium
Authors: Yigang Wang, Muhammad Ashraf
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Growing evidence exists that ATP-sensitive mitochondrial potassium channels (MitoKATP channel) are a major contributor to the cardiac protection against ischemia. Given the importance of mitochondria in the cardiac cell, we tested whether the potent and specific opener of the MitoKATP channel diazoxide attenuates the lethal injury associated with Ca2+overload. The specific aims of this study were to test whether protection by diazoxide is mediated by MitoKATP channels; whether diazoxide mimics the effects of Ca2+ preconditioning; and whether diazoxide reduces Ca2+ paradox (PD) injury via protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to the Ca2+ PD (10 minutes of Ca2+ depletion followed by 10 minutes of Ca2+ repletion). The effects of the MitoKATP channel and other interventions on functional, biochemical, and pathological changes in hearts subjected to Ca2+ PD were assessed. In hearts treated with 80 micromol/L diazoxide, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and coronary flow were significantly preserved after Ca2+ PD; peak lactate dehydrogenase release was also significantly decreased, although ATP content was less depleted. The cellular structures were well preserved, including mitochondria and intercalated disks in diazoxide-treated hearts compared with nontreated Ca2+ PD hearts. The salutary effects of diazoxide on the Ca2+ PD injury were similar to those in hearts that underwent Ca2+ preconditioning or pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate before Ca2+ PD. The addition of sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate, a specific MitoKATP channel inhibitor, or chelerythrine chloride, a PKC inhibitor, during diazoxide pretreatment completely abolished the beneficial effects of diazoxide on the Ca2+ PD. Blockade of Ca2+ entry during diazoxide treatment by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channel with verapamil or nifedipine also completely reversed the beneficial effects of diazoxide on the Ca2+ PD. PKC-delta was translocated to the mitochondria, intercalated disks, and nuclei of myocytes in diazoxide-pretreated hearts, and PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon were translocated to sarcolemma and intercalated disks, respectively. This study suggests that the effect of the MitoKATP channel is mediated by PKC-mediated signaling pathway.
1123 CHARACTERIZATION, FOLLOW-UP AND TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED HBV INFECTION RISK OF OCCULT HEPATITIS B INFECTION (OBI) AMONG BLOOD DONORS
Authors: M. Spreafico, B. Foglieni, A. Berzuini, L. Raffaele, I. Guarnori, D. Prati
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Interleukin-2 soon may receive FDA's green light
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

WITH INCREASED clinical experience and some evidence that—despite serious toxicities—treatment with interleukin-2 is effective in selected cases of advanced renal cell cancer, the stage seems to be set for the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) commissioner to license the agent.  At least that's the recommendation of the FDA's Biological Response Modifiers Advisory Committee. Its single dissenting vote was cast by Ernest C. Borden, MD, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, who says he is not convinced that patients have benefited from the treatment.  In July 1990, the committee deferred an application by Cetus Corp, the original sponsor of this agent, to use it for managing metastatic kidney cancer. Last year Cetus was acquired by Chiron Corp, which in the process acquired interleukin-2. Both Chiron and Cetus (now a Chiron division) are located in Emeryville, Calif.  In the intervening months, the number of patients being studied has more than doubled, from 106