tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of open lung biopsy for undiagnosed pulmonary infiltrates in patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Ming‐Shen Dai, Shih‐Chun Lee, Ching‐Liang Ho, Yu‐Chin Chen, Wei‐You Kao, Tsu‐Yi Chao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Pulmonary complications are frequently encountered in patients with hematological malignancy. The optimal therapeutic decision including open lung biopsy (OLB) for such patients is uncertain. We herein examine the clinical impact of OLB on these patients. Seven patients with progressively diffuse pulmonary infiltrates despite aggressive medical treatment were examined. The underlying diseases, prior treatment for presumptive pneumonia, the change in therapeutic approach after operation, and clinical outcome were reviewed retrospectively. Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates were caused by infection in two patients and by noninfectious etiology such as alveolar proteinosis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis, leukemic involvement, and drug-induced alveolar damage in the others. Four patients who had serious underlying hematologic diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome, acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, and T cell lymphoma died. Three patients with acute lymphoid leukemia survived. In two of these three, change of therapeutic strategies after OLB was created for the survival. OLB in patients with hematological malignancy may be useful in selected patients with a treatable hematologic disease who have treatable underlying causes of the pulmonary infiltrate.
Detection of endogenous malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adducts in human liver Chaudhary AK, Nokubo M, Reddy GR, Yeola SN, Morrow JD, Blair IA, Marnett LJ. Science 1994; 265: 1580?1581
Authors: K SCHWARZ
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Endogenous DNA adducts may contribute to the etiology of human genetic disease and cancer. One potential source of endogenous DNA adducts is lipid peroxidation, which generates mutagenic carbonyl compounds such as malondialdehyde. A sensitive mass spectrometric method permitted detection and quantitation of the major malondialdehyde-DNA adduct, a pyrimidopurinone derived from deoxyguanosine. DNA from disease-free human liver was found to contain 5400 adducts per cell, a frequency comparable to that of adducts formed by exogenous carcinogens. Reprinted with permission from Science 1994; 265: 1580–1581. Copyright 1994 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
The Use of Autologous Blood
Authors: Maureen H. Bull
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The advice that the National Blood Resource Education Program Expert Panel 1 has offered relative to the hazards of intraoperatively salvaged red blood cells is excellent. We wish to draw the attention of JAMA readers to an additional hazard.  Recently, we have shown that when human blood diluted in a 1:2 ratio with saline is washed in a polycarbonate centrifuge bowl, a deposit of activated degranulated platelets forms against the inner plastic surface. 2 This layer has potent thromboplastic and leukoattractant properties. 3 In an animal model, 4 the reinfusion of washed red blood cells prepared in bowls coated with such platelet layers caused massive hemorrhage and increased vascular permeability.  The Expert Panel suggests that at the conclusion of cardiopulmonary bypass, all blood remaining in the oxygenator and bypass circuits should be salvaged and, if needed, infused. We agree, but wish to emphasize that this is one
The Pneumonias: Clinical Approaches to Infectious Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Authors: Stuart M. Polly
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<i>The Pneumonias</i>, a new work edited by Matthew E. Levison, is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of this clinical entity for medical students and physicians of all specialties. Dr Levison is joined by 27 other authors, mostly infectious disease physicians from the Philadelphia area, in an attempt to present a clear, complete, and readable reference text for practicing physicians. I believe they have been successful. The 578-page book is divided into three sections: "General Principles," "Clinical Syndromes," and "Pathogens." "General Principles" is composed of nine chapters that review the basic concepts of pathogenesis, host defenses, and the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia. The nine chapters that constitute the "Clinical Syndromes" section deal with the epidemiologic setting and clinical presentation of the myriad of respiratory tract infections. Topics such as typical, atypical, chronic, and recurrent pneumonias are considered, and each section provides a format for examining patients identified as having
Triamterene-Induced Nephrolithiasis
Authors: EDWARD L. SOCOLOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 March 1980Triamterene-Induced NephrolithiasisEDWARD L. SOCOLOW, M.D.EDWARD L. SOCOLOW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-437_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to report a case of triamterene-induced nephrolithias is similar to that described by Ettinger and associates (1) in the November issue.A 57-year-old man was referred for evaluation of previously unidentifiable renal stones. In 1975, the patient had had a small ureteral stone removed that was composed of calcium oxalate and urate. In April of 1977 another stone was removed surgically; it was composed to 60% urate and 40% of an unidentifiable organic substance. Additional stones that could not be identified by X-ray diffraction were removed surgically in February and September 1978. Each time, the patient...Reference1. ETTINGER B, WELL E, MANDEL N, and DARLING S. Triamterene-induced nephrolithiasis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:745-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDWARD L. SOCOLOW, M.D.Affiliations: Northern Westchester Hospital Center Mount Kisco, NY 10549 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTriamtereneAnalysis of Urinary Calculi Containing Triamterene. Presence of A Glucuronic Metabolite.Radiology of drug-related genitourinary diseasePhysicochemical and Structural Studies of TriamtereneTriamterene and renal stone formation: The influence of triamterene and triamterene stones on calcium oxalate crystallizationMetabolic Fate and Solubility of Triamterene—Not an Explanation for Triamterene NephrolithiasisTRIAMTERENE AND THE KIDNEYThe True Composition of Kidney Stones Passed During Triamterene TherapyEFFECTS OF TRIAMTERENE AND AMILORIDE ON URINARY SEDIMENT IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS TAKING HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDECircular dichroism of sesquiterpene-umbelliferone ethers and structure elucidation of a new derivative isolated from the gum resin “Asa Foetida”Triamterene Nephrolithiasis Complicating Dyazide TherapyDiuretic drugs 1 March 1980Volume 92, Issue 3Page: 437-437KeywordsCalciumKidney stonesUric acid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Endocrine Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: W L McGuire
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1975)

The first demonstration that the growth of a human cancer could be dramatically influenced by endocrine secretions was made by Beatson. who in 1896 observed the regression of metastatic breast cancer lesions fOllowing ovariectomy (l). More than 75 years later, the biochemical mechanism of the phenomenon remains incompletely understood. Part of the problem in unraveling this mechanism is that either ovariec­ tomy, adrenalectomy, or hypophysectomy may result in objective tumor regression (2); experiments to discover which hormones are most critical have not entirely resolved the question. In view of this uncertainty about the roles of particular hormones, 30% of human tumors which respond to any endocrine therapy have thus far been labeled simply hormone-dependent. Recent advances in methodology, particularly in radioimmunoassay, now permit us to define almost completely the hormonal environment of a growing mammary tumor. Advances in subcellular biochemistry are similarly permitting us to under­ stand how a cell is recognized as a target cell by a particular hormone in the environment. Specific cytoplasmic protein receptors for steroid hormones and sur­ face membrane receptors for polypeptide hormones have been identified. This has turned out to be significant for breast cancer research because of the observation that both human and experimental breast tumors which regress following endocrine therapy usually contain the specific cytoplasmic receptor for estrogen, while nonre­ sponsive (autonomous) tumors are often deficient in estrogen receptor (3). These findings. which will be discussed in detail. have led to the following con­ cepts: I. Normal mammary cells contain cytoplasmic or membrane receptor sites for each of the hormones known to influence the growth and function of the mammary gland. These receptor sites are responsible for the initial interaction between the hormone and the cell, and function to trigger the biochemical chain of events characteristic for the particular hormone.
Psychiatrists for the deaf?
Authors: S Dowe
Journal: BMJ (1979)

When he finished reading the paper he tore it into small pieces and started throwing the pieces out of the window.The second man said, "What are you doing that for ?" and the first man answered, "I do it to keep down the elephants."Whereupon the second man said, "There aren't any elephants" and the first replied, "Effective, isn't it ?"
Care is needed in epidemiological research not to overgeneralise about cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: C. Tsang, A. Bottle, A. Majeed, P. Aylin
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We agree with McCartney’s suggestion that researchers must be cautious about how they report their findings in papers for publication and in their contacts with the media.1

The limitations of secondary uses of data in research, including potential incompleteness, poor accuracy, and missing clinical data of value to research, have been well established and discussed. In our …
Intensification of Therapeutic Approaches Reduces Mortality in Diabetic Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Oliver Schnell, Oliver Schäfer, Sonja Kleybrink, Wittich Doering, Eberhard Standl, Wolfgang Otter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The myocardial infarction (MI) registry of the Academic Schwabing Hospital, Munich, investigates the hospital course of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with acute MI. The aim of this study was to improve quality care management and to compare hospital mortality and therapeutic approaches (i.e., PTCA, stenting, GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, glucose-insulin infusion). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data of diabetic patients and nondiabetic patients were analyzed. All diabetic and nondiabetic subjects who were admitted in 1999 and 2001 were included: 1999, 126 (38%) diabetic and 204 (62%) nondiabetic patients; 2001, 91 (31%) diabetic and 205 (59%) nondiabetic patients. RESULTS—In 1999, coronary angiography (P &amp;lt; 0.01), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and stenting (P &amp;lt; 0.001) were performed less frequently in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients. During this period, total hospital mortality (29 vs. 16%, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and mortality within 24 h after admission (14 vs. 5%, P = 0.01) were higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients. In 2001, frequencies of coronary angiography, PTCA, and stenting were increased in diabetic patients (P &amp;lt; 0.001 vs. 1999), and the interventions were comparable with those performed in nondiabetic patients. Furthermore, glucose-insulin infusion was administered in 46% of diabetic subjects. In 2001, total hospital mortality decreased to 17% in diabetic subjects (P = 0.028 vs. 1999) and mortality within 24 h after admission declined to 4% (P = 0.027 vs. 1999). Logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in the number of therapeutic approaches (also when adjusted for clinical variables) is associated with a reduction in mortality of diabetic patients with acute MI (adjusted odds ratio 0.14, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—Intensification of multiple advanced therapeutic strategies in diabetic patients with acute MI enables a substantial reduction in hospital mortality. The enforcement leads to rates of hospital mortality that are comparable to those of nondiabetic patients.
Neurodevelopment and Endocrine Disruption
Authors: Theo Colborn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

In this article I explore the possibility that contaminants contribute to the increasing prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and associated neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems in developed countries. I discuss the exquisite sensitivity of the embryo and fetus to thyroid disturbance and provide evidence of human in utero exposure to contaminants that can interfere with the thyroid. Because it may never be possible to link prenatal exposure to a specific chemical with neurodevelopmental damage in humans, I also present alternate models where associations have been made between exposure to specific chemicals or chemical classes and developmental difficulties in laboratory animals, wildlife, and humans.
Embryonic abnormalities at medical termination of pregnancy with mifepristone and misoprostol during first trimester: observational study
Authors: G Blanch, S Quenby, E S Ballantyne, C M Gosden, J P Neilson, K Holland
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The availability of new medical techniques for induced abortion in the first trimester enables observation of the incidence and nature of embryonic and fetal abnormalities in early pregnancy. 506 women, presenting to the Liverpool (England) Women's Hospital in 1994-96 for induced abortion before 9 weeks of gestation, were given oral mifepristone followed by oral misoprostol. Fetal tissue was collected from 206 (44%) of these women. Embryos that appeared structurally abnormal on macroscopic evaluation were examined histologically. There were 39 abnormal embryos, including 10 cases of neural tube defect and 6 abdominal wall defects, and a total of 72 potentially nonviable pregnancies. The potential loss rate for embryos with structural abnormalities or other nonviable conditions was 34%--higher than the widely cited 15% rate of spontaneous abortion for clinical pregnancies. The former figure is likely to reflect the true loss rate in early pregnancy.
Such stuff as REM and NREM dreams are made on? An elaboration
Authors: Sue Llewellyn
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract I argued that rapid eye movement (REM) dreaming is elaborative emotional encoding for episodic memories, sharing many features with the ancient art of memory (AAOM). In this framework, during non–rapid eye movement (NREM), dream scenes enable junctions between episodic networks in the cortex and are retained by the hippocampus as indices for retrieval. The commentaries, which varied in tone from patent enthusiasm to edgy scepticism, fall into seven natural groups: debate over the contribution of the illustrative dream and disputes over the nature of dreaming (discussed in sect. R1); how the framework extends to creativity, psychopathology, and sleep disturbances (sect. R2); the compatibility of the REM dream encoding function with emotional de-potentiation (sect. R3); scepticism over similarities between REM dreaming and the AAOM (sect. R4); the function of NREM dreams in the sleep cycle (sect. R5); the fit of the junction hypothesis with current knowledge of cortical networks (sect. R6); and whether the hypothesis is falsifiable (including methodological challenges and evidence against the hypothesis) (sect. R7). Although the groups in sections R1–R6 appear quite disparate, I argue they all follow from the associative nature of dreaming.
Abstract P6-04-28: Changes in BAG-1 expression level affect the Tamoxifen-induced apoptosis and Gegitinb-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: S Lu, X Zhuang, H Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BAG-1 (bcl-2-associated athanogene-1) is a multifunctional protein which can interact with a number of molecules to regulate diverse biological processes including apoptosis, proliferation, signal transduction and transcription. BAG-1 protects cells from a wide range of apoptotic stimuli including radiation, hypoxia and chemotherapeutic agents and growth factor withdrawal. Therefore, BAG-1 may contribute to reduced cell death in cancer development, as well as to resistance to important therapeutic agents. Our study showed that the TAM sensitive cell line MCF-7 expressed lower levels of BAG-1 than the TAM resistant cell line MCF-7/TAMR, which was induced from MCF-7 cell line by culturing in medium containing 4-OH TAM (1×10-7M) for 6 months. Our study also found that down-regulation of BAG-1 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the TAMR/MCF-7 cells to TAM treatment. Additionally, we used vectors carrying the individual BAG-1 isoforms to transfect the MCF-7 cells, and found that BAG-1 p50 was the only isoform that inhibited the TAM-induced apoptosis in the MCF-7 cells, while the other isoforms had little effect. Besides, we detected strong expression of BAG-1 in several breast cancer cell lines including T47D, MCF-7, MDA-MB231 and SK-BR-3. We even observed a 1.56 fold increase of EGFR in T47D cells transfected with BAG-1 siRNA when compared with the negative control. To further explore the association between BAG-1 expression and Gefitinb response in breast cancer cell lines, we used Gefitinb of different concentrations to treat cells for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours respectively. The results of cell viability assay indicated that the down-regulation of BAG-1 in breast cancer cell line T47D significantly enhanced the T47D cells' sensitivity to Gefitinb-induced apoptosis. In summary, our results indicated that BAG-1 may have influence in the development of TAM resistance and Gefitinb resistance in breast cancer. However, our study was conducted in breast cancer cells in vitro; further studies on the relationship between BAG-1 expression and response to TAM and Gefitinb in a large cohort of breast cancer patients may be needed to confirm our findings. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-28.
Peritoneal Dialysis in the Management of Hypothermia
Authors: James B. Reuler, Richard A. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PERITONEAL dialysis was introduced in 1923 as a treatment for acute and chronic renal failure. Since that time it has been useful for the management of congestive heart failure, drug intoxications, Reye's syndrome, hyaline membrane disease, hemorrhagic pancreatitis, and psoriasis. In 1967 Lash et al<sup>1</sup>reported its use in the treatment of hypothermia. The technique is achieving widespread acceptance as a rewarming method of choice in the treatment of patients with severe, prolonged depression of body temperature. <h3>Controversy Over Methods</h3> In conjuction with general resuscitative measures in the treatment of the hypothermic patient, a mechanism for rewarming must be instituted.<sup>2</sup>The potential for active external rewarming to aggravate the effect of hypothermia on core tissues has resulted in controversy over rewarming methods. The tendency for the core temperature to drop following removal of long-term cold stress may be exaggerated by peripheral vasodilation associated with external rewarming. Paradoxical central
36 NCAM AND PSA-NCAM MODULATE HEPATIC PROGENITOR CELL BEHAVIOR DURING LIVER DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION
Authors: A. Tsuchiya, W.-Y. Lu, B. Weinhold, L. Boulter, B.M. Stutchfield, M.J. Williams, R.V. Guest, S.E. Minnis-Lyons, A.C. MacKinnon, D. Schwarzer, R. Gerardy-Schahn, S.J. Forbes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
THE NEUFELD METHOD OF PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE DETERMINATION AS CARRIED OUT IN A PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY: A STUDY OF 760 TYPINGS 1
Authors: Edith Beckler, Patricia MacLeod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1934)

As early as 1902 Neufeld (1), in Germany, noticed that when pneumo- cocci are mixed with homologous immune serum, there occurs a pronounced swelling (quellung) of the pneumococcus capsule.In 1931 and 1932, Armstrong (2) (3), in England, reported his results in typing pneumococci in sputum and mouse peritoneal exudate using a method based on this phenomenon: these results were confirmed by Logan and Smeall (4).Last year, Sabin (5) of the Bellevue Hospital, New York, reported his findings -using the Neufeld method for the typing of pneumococci in sputa.During the past 14 months this method has been used as a routine procedure at the Bacteriological Laboratory of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health-and has been found to be simple and accurate.The technic used during this period was demonstrated to us by Dr. Kenneth Goodner of the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute.His tech- nic has been modified to the extent that plane slide preparations have been -used in preference to hanging drops.Furthermore, we have extended the Neufeld method, previously used only for the determination of Types I, II and III, to the determination of the other 29 specific types of pneumo--cocci.Our technic is as follows: upon receipt of the sputum at the laboratory, stained liquid mounts of the specimen are mixed with rabbit antisera (Types I to XXXII) used undiluted.Combinations of monovalent anti- sera (rabbit) are used instead of making thirty-two preparations of the sputum with the thirty-two monovalent sera.The combinations of sera that we use are the following: Type I A, Types II, IV, V and VII B, " III and VIII C, " IX, XI, XIII and XV D, " VIa, VIb, XVII and XVIII With the financial assistance of the Commonwealth Fund, New York.
Severe neutropenia and post hepatitis C cirrhosis treatment: is interferon dose adaptation necessary at once?
Authors: Christophe Renou, Abdelouahid Harafa, Reda Bouabdallah, Christophe Dematte, Catherine Cummins, Herve Rifflet, Pierre Muller, Eric Ville, Jean-Jacques Bertrand, Thierry Benderitter, Philippe Halfon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
A Clinical Lecture ON THE TREATMENT OF WIDESPREAD SUPPURATION AND MULTILOCULAR ABSCESSES: Delivered at the Westminster Hospital
Authors: W. G. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1908)

EDICAL-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~J ORNL .is quite possible for a succeeding pregnancy to pass by without any symptom of pyeJonepb'ritis at alL Ia conclusion of this lecture stress may well be laid upon ltiae fa3t that the pyeloi2ephritis of pregnancy may e6iily be mistaken for som thing else.The milder cases may be regarded as Fimpl patn in the back, as lumbago, as tnflaenza, and so forth;`.Aeverer cases may be thought to have pneumonla, pleurisa, or the like; the most severe eatss may be diagnosed as*pfrendicitts or as some otbfr intra-abdominal condition.-Themain symptoms of the diseaEe are bachaehe and pyrexia, with or without head- ache, vomiting or rigors, and unless the urine is carefully examlned for pus corpuscles the real cause of the trouble mlght readily oe overlooked.RUF3RENCERq.
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: HARRY GOLDBLATT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

ExcerptThe production of persistent hypertension in dogs and monkeys has been reported in previous communications.1-4This was accomplished by constricting the main renal arteries by means of a special silver clamp devised for the purpose. In some of the dogs hypertension of severe degree has now existed for more than five years. The type of hypertension produced by this method depends upon the degree of constriction of the renal arteries. When the constriction is not very great, there is little or no disturbance of renal function accompanying the hypertension and it resembles benign hypertension in man. When the constriction is...