tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Glucosamine and chondroitin, alone or in combination, do not clinically improve knee or hip pain in osteoarthritis
Authors: Joseph A. Markenson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club15 March 2011Review: Glucosamine and chondroitin, alone or in combination, do not clinically improve knee or hip pain in osteoarthritisJoseph A. Markenson, MD, FACP, MACPJoseph A. Markenson, MD, FACP, MACPJoan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA (J.A.M.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-6-201103150-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationWandel S, Jüni P, Tendal B, et al. Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c4675. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20847017Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Phys Med & Rehab: Rheumatology: References1 Lumley T. Network meta-analysis for indirect treatment comparisons. Stat Med. 2002;21:2313-24. [PMID: 12210616] Google Scholar2 Replies to "Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network meta-analysis." www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c4675/reply (accessed 10 Jan 2011). Google Scholar3 Hochberg MC. Nutritional supplements for knee osteoarthritis—still no resolution [Editorial]. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:858-60. [PMID: 16495399] Google Scholar4 Zhang W, Nuki G, Moskowitz RW, et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: part III: Changes in evidence following systematic cumulative update of research published through January 2009. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18:476-99. [PMID: 20170770] Google Scholar5 Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Harris CL. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:795-808. [PMID: 16495392] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joseph A. Markenson, MD, FACP, MACPAffiliations: Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA (J.A.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 March 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySulfato de glucosamina y condroitín sulfato, fármacos para el tratamiento de la artrosis, acusados de no presentar eficacia clínica. ¿Culpables?Interpretation of Metaanalyses: Pitfalls Should Be More Widely RecognizedCuando las conclusiones del resumen son infundadas: Un caso de actuación ejemplar del British Medical Journal 15 March 2011Volume 154, Issue 6Page: JC3-4KeywordsAnalgesicsArthralgiaChondroitinDrugsHipKneesNetwork analysisOsteoarthritisSulfatesVisual analog scale ePublished: 15 March 2011 Issue Published: 15 March 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reliability of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose by CSII Treated Patients With Type I Diabetes
Authors: Olivier Ziegler, Marianne Kolopp, Got Isabelle, Pierre Genton, Gérard Debry, Pierre Drouin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The reliability of patient-generated data from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was studied in 14 patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (7 women, 7 men). The reflectance meters (Glucometer I, Ames, Elkhart, IN) used by the patients were replaced for a period of 21 days by memory-reflectance meters; patients were unaware of the memory capacity of the new meters and were instructed to continue their practice of recording the meter readings in their logbook. This study compares the data recorded in the memory-reflectance meters with those reported in the logbook. The number of SMBG measurements was different in 11 patients (differences ranging from 2 to 66). Mean glycemia was similar (8.23 ± 0.36 mM in logbook vs. 8.49 ± 0.48 mM in memory-reflectance meters), but both the M value and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) index were lower when calculated from logbook data (38 ± 5 vs. 48 ± 7 mM, P &amp;lt; .05 and 6.91 ± 0.43 vs. 7.72 ± 0.52 mM, respectively; P &amp;lt; .05). Overreporting (addition of phantom values in logbook) and underreporting (omission of SMBG measurements from logbook) indexes were 19 ± 7 and 12 ± 3%, respectively. Precision (percent of identical values in logbook and in memory-reflectance meters at the corresponding time) was 77 ± 6.8%. The number of SMBG measurements recorded in the memory-reflectance meter was negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c; (r = −.85, P &amp;lt; .001)], whereas overreporting was positively correlated with HbA1c (r = .76, P &amp;lt; .01). Unreliable patients (n = 5) had slightly but not significantly higher HbA1c levels than the others (n = 9; 7.4 ± 0.5 vs. 6.2 ± 0.2% NS). Sixty-five percent of the patients had recorded values in a manner that obscured hyper- or hypoglycemia.
Upregulation of lipogenic enzymes genes expression in white adipose tissue of rats with chronic renal failure is associated with higher level of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1
Authors: Justyna Korczynska, Ewa Stelmanska, Anna Nogalska, Marek Szolkiewicz, Elzbieta Goyke, Julian Swierczynski, Boleslaw Rutkowski
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Fatty acids in substitute formulas for cow's milk allergy
Authors: M Kaila, Mk Salo, E Isolauri
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background : The role of dietary fats in food‐related allergic symptoms is increasingly being investigated, since the pivotal role of fat‐derived inflammatory substances, e.g., leukotrienes, has been realized. The objective of this study was to describe the fatty acid composition of several commercially available infant formulas that are used as substitutes for adapted cow's milk formulas. Methods : Samples of nine formulas (two soy, two extensively hydrolyzed casein, three extensively hydrolyzed whey, and two amino‐acid‐based formulas) and human milk as control were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results : The quantity of fatty acids in the formulas was within the breast‐milk range. The percentage of energy derived from fat was below the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition recommendations in two cases, but, in the others, it roughly met the recommendations. The percentage of energy derived from linoleic acid was as recommended in all but two cases, where it was higher than recommended. As indicated by a quality indicator, the linoleic to α‐linolenic acid ratio, altogether four formulas were within either the recommendations or the analyzed breast‐milk range. In three cases, it was 1.5–2.5 and in two cases 4–5 times higher than recommended. Conclusions : There are recommendations for infant formulas to meet nutritional requirements of fat intake, and the analyzed formulas are in most cases within the suggested ranges. However, little is known of requirements in allergic or inflammatory conditions, and whether these described fatty acid compositions are pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory.
The Cutaneous Toxicity and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Penicillin O
Authors: Raymond R. Marsh, I. Gray Tillotson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE incidence of cutaneous reactions during penicillin therapy has been substantially reduced since a pure crystalline form of this drug has come into general use.1 In certain patients, however, crystalline penicillin G must be used with caution or abandoned entirely because of the appearance of unpleasant or even hazardous reactions.2 3 4 5 6 Although newer antibiotics are available, penicillin remains the treatment of choice frequently enough to warrant search for a less allergenic preparation.In the study of the biosynthesis of penicillin G many different penicillins have been produced by altering the composition of the culture media.7 , 8 Most of these are of little . . .
Health Care Reform and Chronic Diseases
Authors: Neda Laiteerapong, Elbert S. Huang
Journal: JAMA (2010)

DEBATE SURROUNDING HEALTH CARE REFORM AND the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was contentious and focused mainly on disagreement about the costs of providing insurance to more Americans. Minimal discussion was devoted to how reform might change chronic disease outcomes, even though chronic diseases represent a major source of unsustainable growth in health care costs. Because of its numerous provisions, the PPACA has the potential to reshape the treatment and course of chronic diseases in America. The degree to which the PPACA brings about changes in chronic disease management will depend on whom the law affects, how specific provisions alter service delivery, and how recent discoveries in chronic disease prevention and treatment affect health outcomes.
Early-Life Family Structure and Microbially Induced Cancer Risk
Authors: Martin J Blaser, Abraham Nomura, James Lee, Grant N Stemmerman, Guillermo I Perez-Perez
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Cancer may follow exposure to an environmental agent after many decades. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori, known to be acquired early in life, increases risk for gastric adenocarcinoma, but other factors are also important. In this study, we considered whether early-life family structure affects the risk of later developing gastric cancer among H. pylori+ men.We examined a long-term cohort of Japanese-American men followed for 28 y, and performed a nested case-control study among those carrying H. pylori or the subset carrying the most virulent cagA+ H. pylori strains to address whether family structure predicted cancer development. We found that among the men who were H. pylori+ and/or cagA+ (it is possible to be cagA+ and H. pylori- if the H. pylori test is falsely negative), belonging to a large sibship or higher birth order was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma late in life. For those with cagA+ strains, the risk of developing gastric cancer was more than twice as high (odds ratio 2.2; 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.0) among those in a sibship of seven or more individuals than in a sibship of between one and three persons.These results provide evidence that early-life social environment plays a significant role in risk of microbially induced malignancies expressing five to eight decades later, and these findings lead to new models to explain these interactions.
The Place of 5-Fluorouracil in Medical Oncology.
Authors: Michael J. Brennan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965The Place of 5-Fluorouracil in Medical Oncology.Michael J. Brennan, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert W. Talley, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. H. Burrows, M.D.Michael J. Brennan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert W. Talley, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. H. Burrows, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1078_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSix hundred patients have been treated with 5-Fluorouracil for disseminated neoplastic disease by the staff of one chemotherapy unit over the past 6 years.The drug has been shown to give an objective remission rate in the order of 15 to 20% in mammary gastric, hepatic, colo-rectal, and ovarian cancer. Objective remission connotes at least 25% decrease in diameter of more than 50% of measurable lesions, persisting for at least 2 months and associated with improvement in activity status and lessening of symptomatology.The mean duration of regressions observed in these "responsive" categories of clinical cancer has been approximately 5... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael J. Brennan, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Robert W. Talley, M.D., F.A.C.P.; J. H. Burrows, M.D.Affiliations: Detroit, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIs toxicity really necessary? II. Source and analysis of data 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1078-1078KeywordsChemotherapyDrugsLesionsMetastasisOvarian cancer ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE TREATMENT OF OTITIS EXTERNA
Authors: F. C. W. Capps
Journal: BMJ (1938)

The affections of the auricle and surrounding skin, external meatus, and outer surface of the drumhead which are included in the term " otitis externa" may be grouped:(1) according to the infecting agent; (2) according to clinical type.Under the former heading the staphylococci, albus and especially aureus, are common offenders, aided in the seborrhoeic subject by the acne bacillus and pityrosporon.The haemolytic streptococcus comes a good second.In the former the pilo-sebaceous follicles are usually attacked, and may give rise to a boil; in the latter the deeper layers of the epidermis are infected, resulting in vesicles, fissures, uilceration, diffuse cellulitis, or erysipelas.Infections that occur more rarely are due to various moulds (otomycosis), the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus (croupous otitis externa), the tubercle bacillus, and other organisms.Clinically we have:(1) Chronic conditions: Chronic seborrhoeic or "eczematous" dermatitis.Otomycosis.(2) Subacute conditions or chronic conditions liable to exacerbations: Acute seborrhoeic dermatitis.Acute (impetiginous) dermatitis.Recurrent furunculosis.(3) Acute conditions:Acute diffuse otitis externa (Lsually a meatitis).Acute circumscribed otitis externa, a furuncle.
Endogenous retroviral sequence is fused to FGFR1 kinase in the 8p12 stem-cell myeloproliferative disorder with t(8;19)(p12;q13.3)
Authors: Géraldine Guasch, Cornel Popovici, Francine Mugneret, Max Chaffanet, Pierre Pontarotti, Daniel Birnbaum, Marie-Josèphe Pébusque
Journal: Blood (2002)
THE WASSERMANN REACTION
Authors: A. E. Finckh
Journal: BMJ (1920)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Recognition of nucleic acids results in the production of type I interferons (IFN), which activate the JAK/STAT pathway and promote the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). In a search for modulators of this pathway, we discovered a previously unknown requirement for cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) in the production of type I IFN following nucleic acid sensing and virus infection. Inhibition of CDK activity or knockdown of CDK levels leads to a striking block in STAT activation and ISG expression. CDKs are not required for the initial nucleic acid sensing leading to IFN-β mRNA induction, nor for the response to exogenous IFN-α/β, but are critical for IFN-β release into culture supernatants, suggesting a post-transcriptional role for CDKs in type I IFN production. In the absence of CDK activity, we demonstrate a translational block specific for IFN-β, in which IFN-β mRNA is removed from the actively translating polysomes, while the distribution of other cellular mRNAs or global translation rates are unaffected. Our findings reveal a critical role for CDKs in the translation of IFN-β.
Dutch doctor given suspended sentence over euthanasia case
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A Dutch hospital neurologist has been given a three month suspended prison sentence after he left instructions to give an increasingly large dose of morphine to a terminally ill 63 year old man in a coma. He then left for the weekend. Nursing staff were left in “great uncertainty,” and the patient died the next day. The Hague district court rejected a defence under the euthanasia laws and found the doctor, referred to as RG, guilty of the “premeditated ending” of his patient's life. The sentence is one of the most severe imposed on a doctor in a case of euthanasia and is being viewed as a signal to the profession. The inspectorate of public …
Terminal ileitis: Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from faeces.
Authors: N V Doraiswamy, A B Currie, J Gray, C Lynton-Moll, N S Mair
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Terminal ileitis: Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from faecesThere is increasing evidence that yersinia infection may play an important part in the causation of terminal ileitis.1 We report a case in which the organism was isolated from faeces for the first time in the United Kingdom. Case report CommentThe early stages of acute suppurative thyroiditis may be difficult to diagnose, and may be mistaken for subacute thyroiditis or other conditions such as acute haemorrhage into a pre-existing thyroid adenoma or cyst, rapidly growing anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, and rarely acute flare-up of Hashimoto's disease.'
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Different Treatment Strategies Versus a Common Standard Arm—Combined Prospective Analysis by the German AML Intergroup
Authors: Thomas Büchner, Richard F. Schlenk, Markus Schaich, Konstanze Döhner, Rainer Krahl, Jürgen Krauter, Gerhard Heil, Utz Krug, Maria Cristina Sauerland, Achim Heinecke, Daniela Späth, Michael Kramer, Sebastian Scholl, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Dieter Hoelzer, Rüdiger Hehlmann, Joerg Hasford, Verena S. Hoffmann, Hartmut Döhner, Gerhard Ehninger, Arnold Ganser, Dietger W. Niederwieser, Markus Pfirrmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose Identifying true therapeutic progress in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires a comparison of treatment strategies and results on the basis of uniform patient selection. To foster comparability across five clinical studies, we introduced a common standard arm combined with a general upfront randomization and performed prospective analyses with adjustment for differences in prognostic baseline characteristics. Patients and Methods Whereas the studies' own regimens differed in chemotherapies, risk adaption, and guidelines for allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, the standard arm contained uniform cytarabine- and anthracycline-based standard-dose remission induction and high-dose consolidation courses. Results Of 2,995 evaluable patients aged 16 to 60 years, 290 patients were randomly assigned to the common standard arm. Seventy percent of the 290 achieved complete remissions (62% with complete recovery, 8% with incomplete recovery; 95% CI, 65% to 76%). Five-year survival probabilities were 44.3% (95% CI, 37.7% to 50.7%) for overall survival, 44.8% (95% CI, 37.0% to 52.2%) for relapse-free survival, and 31.5% (95% CI, 25.7% to 37.4%) for event-free survival. Neither the unadjusted survival probabilities of the Kaplan-Meier method nor their adjustment for prognostic variables in multiple Cox regression models led to statistically significant different results in the three survival end points when the outcomes of each study were compared with the standard arm. Conclusion A strictly prospective comparison of different treatment strategies in patients with AML did not show clinically relevant outcome differences when compared through a common standard treatment arm. The results provide a representative basis for further therapeutic approaches.
Pregnancy-Related Attrition in General Surgery
Authors: Erin G. Brown, Joseph M. Galante, Benjamin A. Keller, Juanita Braxton, Diana L. Farmer
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Residency attrition rates remain a great challenge for general surgery training programs. Despite the increasing acceptance of pregnancy during training, 1 common perception is that women who become pregnant are at increased risk of leaving surgery programs.To determine whether child rearing increases the risk of attrition from general surgery residency.Retrospective review of all categorical general surgery residents in a single academic general surgery residency program over a 10-year period. All categorical general surgery residents matriculated from July 1, 1999, until July 1, 2009.Voluntary attrition rate, involuntary attrition rate, and incidence of child rearing among residents.Eighty-five residents matched into categorical general surgery postgraduate year 1 spots from July 1, 1999, to July 1, 2009. Of the total residents, 49 (58%) were men while 36 (42%) were women. Attrition in the program was 18.8% (16 of 85). Seven (44%) of the residents who left the program were women; this was 19% of all female residents in the program. This was not significantly different from the proportion of men who left the program (P = .90). A higher percentage of women (57%) left after their intern year compared with men (22%). Furthermore, men had the highest rate of attrition during research (33%) while no women left during research years. Among the 85 residents, 9 women reported a total of 10 pregnancies and 16 men reported raising 21 children (1 woman and 1 man left the program). The proportion of child rearing was higher in those who did not leave the program but this did not reach significance (P = .10). Neither age (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4), sex (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.2-3.6), nor incidence of child rearing during training (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.1-9.6) were associated with an increased risk of attrition. Residents with children born during training did not demonstrate fewer total case numbers (men, P = .40; women, P = .93) or board pass rates (men, P = .76; women, P = .50) compared with residents who did not have children during training. Women who had children during training were more likely to pursue fellowship (87.5%) than those who did not (66.7%)(P < .001).The current study demonstrated there was no association between female sex and attrition at our institution. Child rearing did not appear to be a risk factor for attrition in either men or women. Furthermore, child rearing did not negatively impact the quality of training based on case numbers and board pass rates. Despite prevalent stereotypes, child rearing did not cause women or men to leave the program.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS DIURETICS WHEN INJECTED DIRECTLY INTO ONE RENAL ARTERY OF THE DOG 1
Authors: Edward A. Bartram
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1932)

In the study of the action of diuretics the first question to determine is whether the drug acts directly on the kidney, or indirectly through changes in the blood or in the circulation.Since the publication of the theories of ijrine secretion advanced by Bowman, Heidenhain and Ludwig, an extensive literature has sprung up in an effort to add light to this problem.Experimental results have, however, been conflicting.Von Schroeder (1) in 1888 first examined the action of caffeine, theo- bromine and theophylline on the kidney of the rabbit, cat and dog.He felt that diuresis was due to a specific stimulation of the kidney cell, and was independent of circulatory effects.Barcroft and Straub (2) also favored the secretion theory since they found that caffeine and urea in- creased the metabolism of the kidney of the rabbit and cat during the period of diuresis.However, Hayman and Schmidt (3), using caffeine, were unable to confirm these results.Richards and Plant (4), working with the kidney kept alive by a special form of perfusion, found that caffeine produced a diuresis when the kidney blood flow and volume re- mained constant.Cushny and Lambie (5) studied the effect of the intra- venous injection of caffeine, urea and strophanthin on the change in per minute blood flow through the kidney of the rabbit.They found that caffeine and urea produced a short stage of acceleration of blood flow, soon followed by a return to normal rate, while the diuresis persisted.Under the same conditions small doses of strophanthin produced no ap- preciable change in blood flow and had no diuretic effect, larger doses de- creased the blood flow through the kidney and diminished the urine out- put.They concluded that the diuretic action of caffeine and urea was independent of any change in blood supply.They believed that caffeine caused diuresis by reducing the resistance to filtration through the glomer- ular capsule, by a specific action on its cells, and that urea acted by in- creasing the osmotic resistance to the re-absorption of filtrate in the tubules.