tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of dietary nucleotides on liver structural recovery and hepatocyte binuclearity in cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide.
Authors: M I Torres-Lopez, I Fernandez, L Fontana, A Gil, A Rios
Journal: Gut (1996)

Intake of thioacetamide in drinking water causes liver cirrhosis in rats, which exhibit many changes similar to human disease. Nucleotides play an important part in major cellular functions, and recent studies suggest that dietary nucleotides may be considered 9semi-essential9 nutrients in situations when an inadequate dietary supply may affect the growth of tissues with a rapid turnover rate. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary nucleotides on lesions in thioacetamide-cirrhotic rats, and to calculate the proportion of mono and binucleated hepatocytes in different experimental groups. Rats were given cirrhosis by oral intake of thioacetamide in the drinking water (300 mg/l) for four months. One group was treated with a standard nucleotide free diet, and another group was treated with the same diet supplemented with 250 mg of nucleotides per 100 g of diet for one and two weeks. A striking reduction (mean (SEM)) in the proportion of binucleated cells was seen in thioacetamide-cirrhotic rats (4.8 (1.3) v 21.4 (1.0)), showing a change in the mitotic mechanism in focal lesions. Cirrhotic rats that consumed a semipurified diet supplemented with nucleotides during two weeks showed considerable histological regeneration of the injured liver. These animals had significantly higher proportion of binucleated cells than did animals at the beginning of the recovery period (8.2 (1.2) v 4.8 (1.3)). In the second week of recovery, both types of diet (F = 5.54, p &lt; 0.05) and the previous administration of thioacetamide (F = 142.82, p &lt; 0.001) had significant effects on the percentage of binucleated hepatocytes.
Aloysius (“Lou”) Michels
Authors: Kenneth Lamb, Jonathan Falla, Josephine McGettigan
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Aloysius Michels (“Lou”) grew up and qualified as a doctor in the Netherlands, arriving in England in 1988 on a Vespa scooter. His training took him to Rochford, Southend-on-Sea, Leicester, and then Boston, where he met his wife, Jo. After a working honeymoon in Perth, Australia, during which time he enjoyed windsurfing and qualified as a private pilot, Lou returned to Leeds to complete his senior registrar training. 

He was appointed consultant anaesthetist at …
Infant mortality statistics
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Floods wreak havoc in East Africa
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2006)

After years of drought torrential rainfall in the Ethiopian highlands has caused widespread flooding, displacing tens of thousands of people and bringing epidemics of waterborne disease in its wake.

Last week the development agency ActionAid said that more than 600 people had died and warned of outbreaks of diseases such as malaria, cholera, and diarrhoea because of “poor sanitation and overcrowding in makeshift shelters.”

The agency reported, “Although the level of the water appears to be receding in the town of Dire Dawa [in Ethiopia's eastern highlands], the death toll could rise substantially in the …
The role of selenium in iodine metabolism in children with goiter.
Authors: P Zagrodzki, H Szmigiel, R Ratajczak, Z Szybinski, Z Zachwieja
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Possible interactions between selenium and iodine metabolism were investigated in 7- to 16-year-old children with goiter (n = 136) living in southeastern Poland in iodine-deficient areas influenced by a sulfur industry. The Se-iodine interactions in these children were compared to the interactions in children from outside of that region (n = 38). Blood selenium (BSe) concentration and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity were much lower in the study group (64.1 +/- 15.7 microg/L; 111.0 +/- 27.6 U/L) than in the control group (85.3 +/- 19.6 microg/L; 182.4 +/- 35.6 U/L). Almost all of the data [plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration, plasma free thyroxine (fT(4)) concentration] fell within the reference limits. There was no statistically significant difference between the control and the study groups with respect to fT(4) and TSH. However, statistically significant differences of fT(4) and TSH in the study group were revealed between females belonging to the lower (n = 21; fT(4), 16.1 +/- 3.3 pmol/L; TSH, 1.83 +/- 1.05 mU/L) and upper Se quartiles (n = 24; fT(4), 14.5 +/- 2.2 pmol/L; TSH, 1. 26 +/- 0.90 mU/L), p < 0.05. Neither group differed in iodine in urine concentration, age, and body mass index. The difference in fT(4) concentrations can be attributed to an Se deficiency. The relationship exists only for females, which suggests a sex-linked hormonal response to concomitant Se and iodine deficiencies.
What Is Balance in the Physician Workforce?
Authors: Edward J. Kobrinski
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Dr Cooper 1 presents a broad overview of the conditions and context of the physician workforce environment into the next century. He succinctly describes the forces that prevail in the determination of the mix of generalists and specialists from the current system of education and training. His recognition of the impact of current proposals on specialty training programs, identification of the distribution deficiencies that are a system problem rather than a workforce problem, and acknowledgment of the future contribution of primary care by midlevel practitioners are especially noteworthy and illuminate key deficiencies in the current incentives that work against establishing an effective balance of the primary care workforce. Unless their focus and their impact can be more clearly specified, however, we disagree with the implication of his conclusion that the balancing of regulatory and market forces alone will achieve a balanced workforce. We believe that a better
1129. Ad.Interferon Beta Is an Effective Treatment in an Orthotopic Model of Broncho-Alveolar Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Via NK Cell and CD 8+ T Cell Mechanisms
Authors: Michael J. Wilderman, Jin Sun, Anil Vachani, Eiji Suzuki, Dan H. Sterman, Larry R. Kaiser, Steve M. Albelda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Introduction: Broncho-Alveolar Carcinoma (BAC) is a diffuse (but non-metastasizing) highly lethal lung tumor. To date, it has been difficult to model in mice. However, an orthotopic mouse model for BAC involving a conditionally expressed mutated K ras protein has recently been developed (Jackson et al. Genes & Dev. 15: 3243, 2001). After removal of a lox-flanked stop codon by intra-pulmonary administration of an adenovirus expressing Cre-recombinase (Ad.Cre), localized mutant Kras transcription occurs leading to the development of lung cancer. The tumors progress in a controlled fashion from small diffuse adenomas to widespread sheets of lung cancer. These mice thus offer the ideal model to study new therapeutic approaches for BAC. We have previously shown in mesothelioma models that Ad.interferon |[beta]| (Ad.IFN |[beta]|) can eradicate tumors. We hypothesized that Ad.IFN |[beta]| could be similarly effective in the Kras lung cancer mouse model.

Methods: K ras mutant mice were given Ad.Cre intra-nasally. At 3 and 4 weeks after Ad.Cre instillation, groups of mice (n=8) were either untreated or treated intra-nasally with 109 plaque forming units (PFU) of Ad.IFN |[beta]| or a control virus, Ad.LacZ. The mice were studied for survival. In addition, cells derived from K ras mutated lung tumors were grown in the flanks of mice to study some of the mechanisms behind these responses.

Results: The untreated tumor-bearing mice all died by day 57 (median survival of 49 days); the mice treated with Ad.LacZ were all dead by day 71 (median survival of 65 days); all mice treated with Ad.IFN |[beta]| were long term survivors (> 105 days) (p<0.001). This experiment was independently repeated with virtually identical results. Using tumor-derived cells grown in vitro and in the flanks of syngeneic mice, we found that Ad. IFN |[beta]| worked via both direct cell killing, and by stimulation of natural killer (NK) cells and CD+8 T cells; depleting NK or CD+8 T cells, but not CD+4 T cells with antibodies attenuated the effect of Ad. IFN |[beta]|.

Conclusions: Two doses of Ad.IFN |[beta]| delivered intranasally into mice pre-sensitized with adenovirus lead to remarkably effective anti-tumor activity in an orthotopic model of BAC. Effects were dependent on activation of both CD8+ T cells and NK cells. These studies provide strong preclinical support for a trial of Ad.IFN |[beta]| to treat human BAC.
Characterization of the mouse bile salt export pump overexpressed in the baculovirus system
Authors: Johannes Noe, Bruno Hagenbuch, Peter J. Meier, Marie V. St-Pierre
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The bile salt export pump (Bsep), a member of the ATP–binding cassette superfamily of transporters, mediates the ATP–dependent canalicular secretion of bile salts. We have cloned and expressed the mouse Bsep (mBsep) protein in Sf9 insect cells, and characterized its transport and ATPase properties. Because its deduced amino acid sequence predicts multiple phosphorylation sites for protein kinase A, protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca 2+ –calmodulin dependent kinase II, we have also tested whether mBsep undergoes phosphorylation. MBsep transports both glycine and taurine conjugated bile salts. Sf9 cell membranes that express mBsep exhibit higher basal ATPase activity than control membranes, and this is further stimulated by bile salts and inhibited by vanadate. Taurochenodeoxycholate is transported with the highest affinity and is the most potent inducer of ATPase activity. Cyclosporin A, glibenclamide and rifamycin SV, all competitive inhibitors of Bsep transport, also reduced the bile salt–stimulated ATPase activity. MBsep exists as a phospho–protein when expressed in Sf9 cells and the immunoprecipitated mBsep complex is a substrate for the catalytic subunit of PKC. When mBsep and the α–isoform of mouse PKC are co–expressed in Sf9 cells, a ninefold stimulation of phosphorylation occurs. This is further increased to 18–fold after activation by phorbol ester. Given that bile salts activate selected PKC isoforms in hepatocytes, including the α isoform, the phosphorylation of mBsep by PKCα may represent a point of regulation for this transporter that is mediated by its own substrate. (Hepatology 2001;33:1223–1231.)
Rising to the GINA Asthma Challenge: thinking beyond just asthma
Authors: Zoe Pond, Hannah Burke, Claire Duffus, Ramesh J. Kurukulaaratchy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

We welcome the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Asthma Challenge outlined in the recent editorial by FITZGERALD et al.[1], which discussed the goal of achieving a 50% reduction in hospital admissions due to asthma over the next 5 yrs.However, successfully addressing this challenge requires an understanding of the complex nature of asthma.Our evolving understanding of asthma shows it to be a heterogeneous state with numerous phenotypes influenced by many aggravating factors.All these factors will need addressing to meet the GINA Asthma Challenge effectively.We recently assessed asthma admission at Southampton General Hospital (Southampton, UK), focusing on the annual burden of repeated asthma admissions and their relation to aggravating comorbidities.Our findings may prove informative to meeting the GINA Asthma Challenge.
40 HLA-B27 HAS A DOMINANT ROLE IN RESTRICTING STRONG CD8+ T CELL RESPONSES AND DRIVING VIRAL ESCAPE IN HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: M.M. Kiraithe, K. Nitschke, D. Price, E. Gostick, H.E. Blum, R. Thimme, C. Neumann-Haefelin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Effect of timolol on blood flow distribution in the myocardium during acute regional ischaemia in cats
Authors: K. GRONG, L. STANGELAND, K. S ANDERSEN, J. LEKVEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

The β-adrenergic blocking agent timolol was given to cats with acute coronary artery ligation. Regional myocardial tissue flow was measured by the distribution of 15 μm labelled microspheres. Timolol reduced heart rate, cardiac contractility and left ventricular systolic pressure, but end-diastolic pressure rose. Ischaemic tissue blood flow remained unchanged following timolol, thus improving the marked imbalance between oxygen demands and delivery. In normal areas of the myocardium tissue flow was reduced, indicating the β2-adrenergic blocking effect of timolol. This was also the case for the border area between ischaemic and non-ischaemic tissue, but significantly less flow reduction was found on the endocardial side than on the epicardial side in the border area. Except for this latter observation, timolol does not appear to improve coronary perfusion. The present study, therefore, indicates that beneficial effects of timolol on ischaemic myocardium are mainly related to a reduction of myocardial oxygen demand.
THE X-RAY TREATMENT OF WOUNDS
Authors: L. Freund
Journal: BMJ (1929)

MEDAL JoU*NA 449 Inoisy and troublesome acute cases and irrecoverable chronic ones; and the third for convalesoents.Best of all, there is ;a fourth branch, in some ways the -main and central one- "Aamely, ani out-patient delpartment and-a ward for in- patienits at a great general hospital, the Middlesex.I mention this scheme not to discuss it, but to show uwhat can be and is being done in the face of quite extraordinary difficulties.I am glad to think that it is one of the registered hospitals which has taken the lead in this way, and I lhope that under its enlightened and far-seeing lead, Dr. Gililiour, the new St.Luke's will have the success Mwhich it deser-es.I have felt the responsibility and the difficulty of pre- paring this paper very keenly.I have left unsaid a great -deal that might well hav-e been included-in our suibject, ibut the.whole matter is such a far-reaching one that if :discussion is to be fruitful we must limit its range.I have therefore-here a4id there with reluctance- *touched utpon the points which seem to me most to need fIrank anid couraageous discussion.And I want our dis- *4ussion to be fruitful.There is so much to do, and there are so many difficulties in the way.Buit it is to the general body of the profession that we may fairly look for hell).There could be no better outlet for the organized -activitv of the profession anid of this Association than a combined effort to bring just a little more scienice, a little broader huim-anity, a little morc practical good sensse, into our dealings w-ith suLfferers from the saddest of all human wi.lls.,
Decrease in plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide early after initiation of cardiac resynchronization therapy predicts clinical improvement at 12 months
Authors: Miloš Kubánek, Ivan Málek, Jan Bytešník, Petr Frídl, Lucie Riedlbauchová, Ludmila Karasová, Véra Lánská, Josef Kautzner
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure and Brain Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Henry Lai
Journal: JAMA (2011)

HE MAJORITY OF THE RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY emitted by a cellular telephone is absorbed by the hand and head of the user. The total energy absorbed is a function of the specific absorption rate, duration of use, and the manner in which the phone is used. In addition to concerns about potential harmful effects of such exposure, such as the issue of risk of brain cancer, change in brain function related to cell phone radiofrequencies also is of concern. Studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of cell phone use on brain electrical activities, neurophysiology, and behavior. The study by Volkow and colleagues in this issue of JAMA 1 is the first investigation in humans of glucose metabolism in the brain after cell phone use.
Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: S. M Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A 62 year old woman has returned to you for the results of blood tests.She had attended for a well woman check up two weeks earlier and had mentioned that she was experiencing persistent fatigue.A random plasma glucose test that day showed a glucose concentration of 11.4 mmol/l, so you had arranged for her to have a fasting blood glucose test.Her fasting blood glucose was 8.5 mmol/l.She has no history of vascular disease or other serious medical conditions.Her aunt had diet controlled diabetes and died of a cerebrovascular event at the age of 68.
Vitamin D Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, Shari S. Bassuk
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Elimination of the Internship—An Act of Regression
Authors: JOHN ROMANO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Elimination of the internship requirement will seriously limit the future psychiatrist's unique contributions to his own field as well as to other areas of medical practice, in this author's opinion. The implications of such a change have not yet been fully discussed, and clarification is needed as to how the desirable features of the internship are to be incorporated into psychiatric residency training programs. The author warns that blind acceptance of the trend toward earlier specialization in medical education may lead to neglect of the major issue—the provision of quality education for future psychiatrists.
Determination of Valid Benchmarks for Outcome Indicators in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Ursula Hahn, Frank Krummenauer, Bernhard Kölbl, Thomas Neuhann, Kaweh Schayan-Araghi, Stefanie Schmickler, Kurt von Wolff, Josef Weindler, Thomas Will, Irmingard Neuhann
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Acute appendicitis and bathrooms in three samples of British children
Authors: D J P Barker, C Osmond, J Golding, M E J Wadsworth
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The occurrence of appendicectomy in three national samples of British children was analysed in relation to household amenities, crowding in the home, and social class. The risk of having the operation depended on the amenities present in the home, in particular whether or not there was a bathroom. This risk was independent of social class. The findings support a relation between acute appendicitis and Western hygiene, which would explain the geographical distribution of the disease and its changing incidence over time. In the developing world, where children grow up in conditions of poor hygiene, there may be outbreaks of appendicitis when housing improves.
Sicca Syndrome in a Patient With Toxic Reaction to Busulfan
Authors: Yechezkel Sidi
Journal: JAMA (1977)

TREATMENT with busulfan may cause various side effects such as "busulfan lung," Addison-like syndrome, posterior capsular cataracts, atypical epithelial cell accumulation in various organs,<sup>1</sup>and probably myasthenia gravis<sup>2</sup>and endocardial fibrosis.<sup>3</sup> We report a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who had been continuously treated with busulfan for almost nine years, and in whom busulfan lung, Addison-like syndrome, bilateral posterior cataracts, and severe sicca syndrome were diagnosed. The question is raised as to whether or not the sicca syndrome is associated with the prolonged administration of busulfan. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old housewife was treated since 1967 with busulfan (0.5 to 6 mg/day) because of CML. The total dose administered until 1975 was 3,990 mg. In 1972, bilateral posterior cataracts were discovered and extracted. In 1973, Addison-like syndrome was diagnosed and in January 1975, complaints and findings typical of busulfan lung were noted. Shortly afterwards, while
Upregulation of osteopontin gene expression in diabetic rat proximal tubular cells revealed by microarray profiling
Authors: T.-J. Hsieh, R. Chen, S.-L. Zhang, F. Liu, M.-L. Brezniceanu, C.I. Whiteside, I.G. Fantus, J.R. Ingelfinger, P. Hamet, J.S.D. Chan
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
IMPACT OF PRIOR CHRONIC ANTIPLATELET THERAPY ON SHORT- AND LONG-TERM ADVERSE EVENTS IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH AN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: INSIGHTS FROM THE ACUITY TRIAL
Authors: Giuseppe Ambrosio, Steven R. Steinhubl, Paolo Gresele, Isabella Tritto, Maurizio Bentivoglio, Cinzia Zuchi, David A. Cox, Brent T. McLaurin, Jeffrey W. Moses, Harvey D. White, Frederick Feit, Philip E. Aylward, Antonio Colombo, Harald Darius, Ramin Ebrahimi, Martial Hamon, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Metastatic thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma presenting as a pancreatic tumor
Authors: Y. Lee, G. Tse, P. Lai, J. Sung
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 65-year-old man was admitted to hospital with obstructive jaundice. Three years previously he had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. During his antituberculous treatment he was found to have a 10-cm cystic mass in the anterior mediastinum that was increasing in size. Computed tomography-guided biopsy showed this to be an epithelial neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation. This was surgically removed and pathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus. There was focal involvement of the resection margin and lymphovascular spread. He was given postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and remained well for 2 years.