tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Madarosis and Myxedema
Authors: Bernhard G. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The notion that loss or thinning of the hair of the lateral portion of the eyebrows may be a major clue to the diagnosis of myxedema was revived recently (<b>195</b>:571, 1966). Eyebrow hair normally tends to be less dense laterally than medially; thus hair loss—from any cause— is apt to be more obvious in the lateral portion. In a careful evaluation by Wayne (<i>Brit Med J</i><b>1</b>:78, 1960) thinning of the lateral third of the eyebrows was found in about 80% of patients with unequivocal hypothyroidism, 70% of patients with suspected hypothyroidism who were shown to be euthyroid, and 47% of persons selected as "normal euthyroid controls." Sparse eyebrow hair is a nonspecific physical sign which might provide a minor clue but has doubtful value in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.
Hypercarbia during tracheostomy: a comparison of percutaneous endoscopic, percutaneous Doppler, and standard surgical tracheostomy
Authors: P. M. Reilly, R. F. Sing, F. A. Giberson, H. L. Anderson III., M. F. Rotondo, G. H. Tinkoff, C. W. Schwab
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1997)
DR. A. METZ AND THE HUMAN EYE
Authors: James Moores Ball
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Many of your readers know that the writer, at the request of government officials, recently donated his Ophthalmic Museum to the Army Medical Museum, Seventh and B streets S.W., Washington, D. C., The donor wishes to secure data concerning a volume which, apparently, was the first one of its kind to be issued on this side of the Atlantic, viz., "The Anatomy and Histology of the Human Eye," by "A. Metz, M.D., professor of ophthalmology in Charity Hospital Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio." The book was published by "Office of the Medical and Surgical Reporter, Philadelphia, 1868." The writer will gratefully acknowledge the receipt of data concerning: (1) Dr. Metz and (2) the Charity Hospital Medical College.
Celiac Disease Associated With Autoimmune Myocarditis
Authors: Andrea Frustaci, Lucio Cuoco, Cristina Chimenti, Maurizio Pieroni, Giuseppina Fioravanti, Nicola Gentiloni, Attilio Maseri, Giovanni Gasbarrini
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Both celiac disease (CD) and myocarditis can be associated with systemic autoimmune disorders; however, the coexistence of the 2 entities has never been investigated, although its identification may have a clinical impact. Methods and Results — We screened the serum of 187 consecutive patients with myocarditis (118 males and 69 females, mean age 41.7±14.3 years) for the presence of cardiac autoantibodies, anti–tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTG), and anti-endomysial antibodies (AEAs). IgA-tTG–positive and AEA-positive patients underwent duodenal endoscopy and biopsy and HLA analysis. Thirteen of the 187 patients were positive for IgA-tTG, and 9 (4.4%) of them were positive for AEA. These 9 patients had iron-deficient anemia and exhibited duodenal endoscopic and histological evidence of CD. CD was observed in 1 (0.3%) of 306 normal controls ( P &lt;0.003). In CD patients, myocarditis was associated with heart failure in 5 patients and with ventricular arrhythmias (Lown class III-IVa) in 4 patients. From histological examination, a lymphocytic infiltrate was determined to be present in 8 patients, and giant cell myocarditis was found in 1 patient; circulating cardiac autoantibodies were positive and myocardial viral genomes were negative in all patients. HLA of the patients with CD and myocarditis was DQ2-DR3 in 8 patients and DQ2-DR5(11)/DR7 in 1 patient. The 5 patients with myocarditis and heart failure received immunosuppression and a gluten-free diet, which elicited recovery of cardiac volumes and function. The 4 patients with arrhythmia, after being put on a gluten-free diet alone, showed improvement in the arrhythmia (Lown class I). Conclusions — A common autoimmune process toward antigenic components of the myocardium and small bowel can be found in &gt;4% of the patients with myocarditis. In these patients, immunosuppression and a gluten-free diet can be effective therapeutic options.
THE AETIOLOGY OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. *
Authors: A. M. H. GRAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1925)

Journal Article THE ÆTIOLOGY OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Get access A. M. H. GRAY, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P. A. M. H. GRAY, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician‐in‐Charge of the Skin‐Department, University College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 37, Issue 10, 1 October 1925, Pages 406–413, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1925.tb09222.x Published: 01 October 1925
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR SHARPENING HYPODERMIC NEEDLES
Authors: Rupert M. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Any one who has attempted to repoint a hypodermic needle knows the difficulties encountered. The illustration shows a simple and effective device for sharpening them. The length of the bevel can be varied by thrusting the needle through the cork at different angles. A similar method may be used to sharpen scissors. A gash should be made across the flat surface of the cork, and the incision should be slanted into the cork, and made deep enough so that a blade of the scissors, when pressed into the slit, will find its level parallel with but not quite to the surface of the cork. When drawn across the stone, the edge should touch the grinding surface sufficiently to be sharpened.
Metabolism of peripheral nerve myelin in experimental diabetes.
Authors: N Spritz, H Singh, B Marinan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Previous in vitro studies of the metabolism of the peripheral nerve have been based on incorporation of radioactive precursor into components isolated from whole nerve. In this study we have determined incorporation secifically into myelin components of peripheral nerve by isolating myelin after incubating whole nerves with lipid or protein precursors and by determining the specific activity of the components of that membrane. The effect of diabetes on such incorporation was also studied. In the rat, in vitro incorporation of DL-[1-14C]leucine into protein components of myelin was decreased by 30-88% in diabetic animals as compared to controls. The major polypeptide constituent of rat sciatic nerve myelin (mol st 28,000; 58.5% of total mass of proteins) was not labeled in either the diabetic or the control group. In diabetes incorporation rate into a polypeptide of mol wt 23,000, which constitutes 21% of total mass, was approximately one half that of controls. In polypeptides of mol wt 38,000-49,000, which are heavily labeled in normal animals, but constitute only about 5% of total mass of proteins, depression of incorporation was e-en more marked in the diabetics. While these marked differences in incorporation between diabetic and control animals were observed, the amount of protein and its distribution among the constituent polypeptides was the same in both groups. In young rats made diabetic with streptozotocin and young rabbits made diabetic with alloxan, there was a lower rate of incorporation of the lipid precursors, [1-14C]sodium acetate or [3H]water, into myelin components. In older animals of both species incorporation in the controls was considerably lower than in the yount animals, and the effect of diabetes was no longer apparent. In nondiabetic animals, the in vitro addition of insulin (10-7 M) stimulated incorporation of DL-[1-14C]leucine into myelin proteins 1.6-3.1 times that of controls. This stimulation by insulin in vitro was not seen in diabetic animals. In animals in which diabetes had spontaneously recovered, however, incorporation rate in the in vitro experiments approached that of controls and were significantly above that in animals whose diabetes persisted. Since myelin is the palsma membrane of the Schwann cell, these studies provide evidence that the Schwann cell is affected by insulin and that some aspects of the metabolism of myelin are altered in insulin-deficient states.
Prophylaxis Against Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia-Reply
Authors: Mary D. Nettleman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —Dr Gabin raises several issues that underscore the advantages of decision analysis. Importantly, the US Department of Health and Human Services has announced that results of a randomized controlled trial (AIDS Clinical Trials Group, protocol 021) of secondary prophylaxis for PCP agreed with the results of our decision analysis: TMP/SMZ should be used as first-line prophylaxis in patients able to tolerate and comply with the drug. Aerosolized pentamidine should be reserved for patients who cannot tolerate TMP/ SMZ.  The diversity of diseases associated with AIDS makes it impossible to define a month-by-month mortality rate for this population. It is important to note, however, that changes in the AIDS mortality rate would not affect the outcome of the analysis. We agree that estimates of drug efficacy in the literature vary according to the types of patients enrolled, the use of antiviral agents, and the stringency of follow-up. However, as
Antinuclear antibodies in relapsing polychondritis
Authors: J.-C. PIETTE, R. EL-RASSI, Z. AMOURA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Cladribine in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis often requires treatment with cyclophosphamide, which carries the risk of major side eVects including infection, ovarian failure and bladder malignancy.Therapeutic strategies that would specifically target lymphocytes are appealing.Following the first report of the use of the purine nucleoside analogue cladribine (2-chloro-2'deoxyadenosine), a selective lymphocyte depleting agent, in the treatment of lupus nephritis, 1 we report our experience in two patients with severe renal involvement.
Dexamethasone and IL‐10 stimulate glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper synthesis by human mast cells
Authors: V. Godot, G. Garcia, F. Capel, M. Arock, I. Durand‐Gasselin, M. L. Asselin‐Labat, D. Emilie, M. Humbert
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) decrease tissue mast cell (MC) number and prevent their activation via their high-affinity IgE receptor. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is one of the GC-induced genes, which inhibits the functions of the transcriptional activators AP-1 and NF-kappaB. GILZ appears to be a critical actor in the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of GCs in human T lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells.We investigated whether GILZ was produced by human MCs and whether GILZ synthesis was stimulated by GCs. We also investigated whether GILZ production was modulated by (i) IL-10, because of its common immunosuppressive properties with GCs, (ii) histamine because of its pro-inflammatory properties and (iii) IL-4 and IL-5 because of their ability to favour MC survival and proliferation with SCF.The human MC lines HMC-1 5C6 and LAD-2, and cord blood-derived MCs (CB-MCs) were cultured alone or in the presence of GCs, IL-10, histamine, IL-4 or IL-5. The expression of GILZ was evaluated by using RT-PCR, Western blotting or immunocytochemistry.We found that human MC lines and CB-MCs constitutively produce GILZ. We also show that GCs and IL-10 stimulate GILZ production by human MCs. Our present results indicate that histamine, IL-4 and IL-5 alone or in combination with SCF do not downregulate GILZ production by MCs.These results show that GCs and IL-10 stimulate GILZ production by human MCs. As GILZ mediates anti-inflammatory effects of GCs in immune cells, we speculate that GILZ could account for the deactivation of MCs by GCs and IL-10.
General population low-count CLL-like MBL persists over time without clinical progression, although carrying the same cytogenetic abnormalities of CLL
Authors: Claudia Fazi, Lydia Scarfò, Lorenza Pecciarini, Francesca Cottini, Antonis Dagklis, Agnieszka Janus, Anna Talarico, Cristina Scielzo, Cinzia Sala, Daniela Toniolo, Federico Caligaris-Cappio, Paolo Ghia
Journal: Blood (2011)
Venous thromboembolism is egregiously underestimated
Authors: S. Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The two papers on oral contraceptives and thrombosis egregiously underestimated the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), making the results impossible to interpret.1 2

In Jick and Hernandez’s report the incidence rates of idiopathic plus non-idiopathic VTE in drosperinone and levonorgestrel users were 5.0 per 10 000 women years (idiopathic cases comprised 61% of total …
Further Observations on the Diurnal Variation in Oral Glucose Tolerance
Authors: R. J. Jarrett, H. Keen
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Diurnal variation in oral glucose tolerance was studied in 122 male volunteers aged 40 yearsand over who participated in a screening health examination. In those with screening blood sugar levels exceeding 110 mg./100 ml. the degree of diurnal variation was least in those with the highest morning glycaemia; the latter also tended to have lower afternoon fasting bloodsugar levels. In a group of 40 control subjects, afternoon glucose tolerance tests yielded significantly higher post-glucose blood sugar levels. The degree of diurnal variation was significantly and inversely related to the degree of obesity.
A centrosomal mechanism involving CDK5RAP2 and CENPJ controls brain size
Authors: Jacquelyn Bond, Emma Roberts, Kelly Springell, Sophia Lizarraga, Sheila Scott, Julie Higgins, Daniel J Hampshire, Ewan E Morrison, Gabriella F Leal, Elias O Silva, Suzana M R Costa, Diana Baralle, Michela Raponi, Gulshan Karbani, Yasmin Rashid, Hussain Jafri, Christopher Bennett, Peter Corry, Christopher A Walsh, C Geoffrey Woods
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Women and Children in Health Care: An Unequal Majority
Authors: Laura M. Purdy
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>Women and Children in Health Care</i>should be required reading, along with Susan Sherwin's<i>No Longer Patient</i>, for those who are uneasy about the moral environment of contemporary medical practice. Both books show how serious inequality permeates the health care establishment, and both authors encourage their readers to do something about the problem. Mahowald's book ranges from the theoretical to the practical. She starts with a useful critique of contemporary ethical theory and lays out a model for an egalitarian approach to moral problem solving. Although her initial discussion of the seven guidelines she proposes is schematic, her subsequent treatment of specific issues develops them more fully. Mahowald pays special attention to the sex-role stereotypes and power differentials that permeate medical practice. Her remedy is what she calls a "parentalist" model of relationships that empowers others by promoting both autonomy and health needs. Parentalism requires collaborative decision making and awareness
John Haydn Hughes
Authors: Jon Hughes, Kath Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Aberystwyth (b 1921; q Cardiff 1953; BSc, LLM, DRCOG), died from prostate cancer on 14 May 2005.




Figure 1




John joined the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1942 and served in west Africa, where he was awarded the British Empire Medal for his work during a meningitis epidemic. In 1955 he became a general practitioner in Aberystwyth, where he also worked for the student health service and in the 1960s was controversially dismissed from this post for refusing to reveal student medical records to the university authorities, though he was later reinstated. John was a clinical assistant in obstetrics and gynaecology. In retirement he took a law degree and went on to achieve a PhD with a thesis on consent, becoming an honorary lecturer in medical law. His autobiography, Doctor by the Sea, was published in 2002. He leaves a wife, Elinor; four children; and nine grandchildren.
GPs can improve their hand washing habits
Authors: B. Michiels
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The Handwashing Liaison Group states that hand washing habits among hospital staff could be improved.1 This statement can be extrapolated to include those working in primary care. From January to March 1999 a computer randomised sample of 230 doctors registered with the Scientific Organisation of Flemish General Practitioners was interviewed by telephone, and 200 took part. They were asked if they washed their hands after each contact with a patient. A total of 126 of those asked washed their hands after …
LOCALIZED GANGRENE FOLLOWING THE HYPODERMIC ADMINISTRATION OF CALCIUM CHLORID
Authors: M. G. SEELIG
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Symptoms of obstructive jaundice invariably create a serious problem for the surgeon, if an operation is to be performed to relieve either the jaundice or some other intercurrent symptom. The physical resistance of this group of patients is lowered; but this, in itself, does not constitute the major surgical problem. Hemorrhage, frequently not responsive to any type of treatment, and ending in death, is the factor that renders surgical judgment difficult in every instance of obstructive jaundice. In the present state of our knowledge, it is not easy to say with positive assurance what agency is directly responsible for this tendency to bleed. As surgeons we have become accustomed to associate a prolonged clotting time with<i>obstructive</i>jaundice; however, we are not warranted even in taking this seemingly well established position. We would be on safer ground if we regarded every jaundiced patient as
Abstract LB-70: <i>In vitro</i> anti-cancer activity of PF-04691502, a potent dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Carolyn D. Britten, Lucy Chow, Dylan Conklin, Ondrej Kalous, Amrita Desai, Charles Ginther, Judy Dering, James Christensen, Robert Milham, Dennis J. Slamon, Richard S. Finn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Activating mutations in the PIK3CA gene (encoding for the P110 catalytic subunit of PI3K) are found in more than 25% of human breast cancers [Saal LH Cancer Res 2005]. PF-04691502 is a potent orally-available ATP-competitive and reversible dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR. This study evaluates the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity of PF-04691502 across a large panel of breast cancer cell lines that recapitulate the clinical spectrum of the disease. Methods: Over 40 human breast cancer cell lines were exposed in vitro to PF-0469102 over 9 concentrations to generate dose-response curves. These assays were performed over a 6-day incubation period using direct cell counts. The ability of PF-04691502 to inhibit proliferation and induce cell death was calculated using IC50 and LD50 values, respectively. PI3K mutation status was available from public databases. In addition, baseline gene expression profiles were generated using the Agilent platform. A subset of breast cancer cell lines with varying levels of sensitivity to the compound were incubated with PF-04691502 concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 nM, and processed for Western blotting. Results: Twenty-two cell lines had IC50 values &amp;lt; 100 nM, with a trend towards increased sensitivity to PF-04691502 in breast cancer cell lines harboring PIK3CA mutations, and in those belonging to the luminal subtype. Lethality (LD50 &amp;lt; 1 M) was observed in 10 out of 12 breast cancer cell lines harboring PI3KCA mutations, and was prevalent in cell lines of luminal subtype. Inhibition of the downstream target pAKT was observed. Conclusions: PF-04691502 has anti-cancer activity across a spectrum of breast cancer cell lines, and demonstrates lethality against a subset of cell lines. A first-in-human phase I trial of PF-04691502 is ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-70.
Disaster Training, Capacity for Quality Trauma Care Key to Aiding Injured in Asiana Airlines Crash
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Shared and Distinct Genetic Variants in Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease
Authors: Deborah J. Smyth, Vincent Plagnol, Neil M. Walker, Jason D. Cooper, Kate Downes, Jennie H. M. Yang, Joanna M. M. Howson, Helen Stevens, Ross McManus, Cisca Wijmenga, Graham A. Heap, Patrick C. Dubois, David G. Clayton, Karen A. Hunt, David A. van Heel, John A. Todd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Two inflammatory disorders, type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, cosegregate in populations, suggesting a common genetic origin. Since both diseases are associated with the HLA class II genes on chromosome 6p21, we tested whether non-HLA loci are shared.We evaluated the association between type 1 diabetes and eight loci related to the risk of celiac disease by genotyping and statistical analyses of DNA samples from 8064 patients with type 1 diabetes, 9339 control subjects, and 2828 families providing 3064 parent-child trios (consisting of an affected child and both biologic parents). We also investigated 18 loci associated with type 1 diabetes in 2560 patients with celiac disease and 9339 control subjects.Three celiac disease loci--RGS1 on chromosome 1q31, IL18RAP on chromosome 2q12, and TAGAP on chromosome 6q25--were associated with type 1 diabetes (P<1.00x10(-4)). The 32-bp insertion-deletion variant on chromosome 3p21 was newly identified as a type 1 diabetes locus (P=1.81x10(-8)) and was also associated with celiac disease, along with PTPN2 on chromosome 18p11 and CTLA4 on chromosome 2q33, bringing the total number of loci with evidence of a shared association to seven, including SH2B3 on chromosome 12q24. The effects of the IL18RAP and TAGAP alleles confer protection in type 1 diabetes and susceptibility in celiac disease. Loci with distinct effects in the two diseases included INS on chromosome 11p15, IL2RA on chromosome 10p15, and PTPN22 on chromosome 1p13 in type 1 diabetes and IL12A on 3q25 and LPP on 3q28 in celiac disease.A genetic susceptibility to both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease shares common alleles. These data suggest that common biologic mechanisms, such as autoimmunity-related tissue damage and intolerance to dietary antigens, may be etiologic features of both diseases.
Altered interferon-α-signaling in natural killer cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Takuya Miyagi, Tetsuo Takehara, Kumiko Nishio, Satoshi Shimizu, Keisuke Kohga, Wei Li, Tomohide Tatsumi, Naoki Hiramatsu, Tatsuya Kanto, Norio Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)