tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B59: Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in cancer as potential target for anticancer therapy
Authors: Pavol Szabo, Karel Smetana, Barbora Dvorankova, Ondrej Kodet, Hynek Strnad, Michal Kolar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Many results demonstrate that cancer cells need for their growth and spread through organism a specific microenvironment'the tumor stroma. Carcinomas represent highly complex tissue composed from cancer cells and stroma including fibroblasts producing extracellular matrix and bioactive substances, inflammatory cells and blood vessels. We focused our research on most abundant cell component of cancer stroma on cancer-associated fibroblasts. We isolated stromal fibroblasts from tumours originated from the squamous epithelium such as basal and squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and skin metastasis of breast cancer. We expanded them and in vitro evaluated their biological effect on normal keratinocytes and breast cancer keratinocytes (EMG-3). The results were compared with control experiments using normal human dermal fibroblasts, 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, and 3T3 fibroblasts influenced by the fibroblasts prepared from the basal cell carcinoma. Our results demonstrated that expression of luminal marker keratin 8 was influenced only by cancer associated fibroblasts prepared from any tested tumors. In contrast, all tested types of fibroblasts showed a strong stimulatory effect on the expression of basal/myoepithelial marker keratin 14. Since keratin 14 is a marker of basal myoepithelial cells and keratin 8 is a marker of luminal cells, these double-positive cells can be considered for precursor cells with properties close to stem cells. Their presence in clinical samples indeed signals very poor prognosis in cancer-suffering patiens. In conclusion, our data indicate that cancer associated fibroblasts are able to influence the phenotype of a breast cancer cell line and this effect is based on a tumor type-unspecific mechanism. Citation Format: Pavol Szabo, Karel Smetana, Jr., Barbora Dvorankova, Ondrej Kodet, Hynek Strnad, Michal Kolar. Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in cancer as potential target for anticancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B59.
Choroidal Abnormalities Detected by Near-Infrared Reflectance Imaging as a New Diagnostic Criterion for Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Francesco Viola, Edoardo Villani, Federica Natacci, Angelo Selicorni, Giulia Melloni, Diego Vezzola, Giulio Barteselli, Chiara Mapelli, Cesare Pirondini, Roberto Ratiglia
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Fatal Air Embolism During Insertion of CVP Monitoring Apparatus
Authors: Walter J. Levinsky
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The central venous pressure (CVP) technique is a valuable method of patient monitoring. Although venous air embolism in this procedure has been mentioned as a theoretical hazard,<sup>1,3</sup>a search of the literature revealed that this is believed to be the first recorded instance of such a fatal complication. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> This 80-year-old woman had arteriosclerotic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and advanced congestive failure. By the percutaneous method and with the patient in a high Fowler's position, a house officer inserted a CVP catheter into the right subclavian vein. While the physician's back was turned, and prior to connecting the V-connection adapter, a distinct sucking sound was heard. Shortly the CVP monitoring setup was made intact. A cardiac arrest ensued moments later. Resuscitative measures were ineffective. At autopsy considerable air was noted in opening the submerged heart chambers on the right side and an organized
Iatrogenic Chyloma in the Neck
Authors: Badriya Al-Suqri, Jane Dutton
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Iatrogenic chyle leak with chyloma formation in the neck is a rare complication of neck dissection resulting from injury to the thoracic duct. We present the case of a 37-year-old woman who complained of left-sided neck swelling within days after total thyroidectomy and lateral neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer. Lymphoscintigraphy demonstrated the chyle leak in the left cervical region, and subsequent aspiration of the left neck swelling showed radioactivity in the aspirate. After successful operative repair of the thoracic duct, the patient was able to undergo radioactive ablative thyroid treatment.
Aggressive basal cell carcinoma in Nigerians
Authors: S.O. ITAYEMI, A.A. ABIOYE, O. OGAN, J.O. DARAMOLA, J.O. OLUWASANMI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

It is important to emphasize that basal cell carcinoma occurs in black Africans, a fact denied in some reports. The present study shows that the disease appears to behave more aggressively in the African, particularly in albinos, than in Caucasians. In albinos preventive measures should be employed regularly.
Neonatal Bladder Injury After Umbilical Artery Catheterization by Cutdown
Authors: V. P. Nagarajan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am interested in the article entitled "Neonatal Bladder Injury Occurring After Umbilical Artery Catheterization by Cutdown."<sup>1</sup>I think that if the bladder is empty, one may prevent perforation of the bladder during umbilical artery cutdown. If an 8-F (or smaller) feeding tube is used temporarily to keep the bladder empty, urethral injury can be avoided even in a male newborn.
New Technique for Determining Instantaneous Myocardial Force-Velocity Relations in the Intact Heart
Authors: WILLIAM GROSSMAN, HAROLD BROOKS, STEVEN MEISTER, HERBERT SHERMAN, LEWIS DEXTER
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

A new technique is described for the instantaneous determination of myocardial force-velocity relationships. The method employs electronic differentiation of the logarithm of intraventricular pressure, which yields a continuous on-line record of (dP/dt)P -1 (the ratio of the rate of rise of ventricular pressure [dP/dt] to the simultaneous ventricular pressure [P]). A further technique is described for the automatic projection of force-velocity vector loops, displaying (dP/dt)P -1 on the ordinate against ventricular pressure on the abscissa in a beat-to-beat fashion. An excellent correlation ( r =0.982) was demonstrated between (dP/dt)P -1 determined by conventional methods and that derived electronically by use of the logarithmic amplifier circuit. Experimental studies are described which document the responsiveness of (dP/dt)P -1 determined by the present method to interventions known to affect myocardial contractility. An increase in (dP/dt)P -1 was observed following infusions of CaCl 2 , norepinephrine, and glucagon, and a decrease following pentobarbital. Insofar as (dP/dt)P -1 is a valid index of myocardial contractility, the present method permits on-line, beat-to-beat evaluation of changes in ventricular function under a variety of circumstances.
Treatment of Dumping Syndrome
Authors: J. M. French
Journal: BMJ (1964)

no knowledge as to whether it is a widely recognized occurrence.Last year I was treating an elderly lady who suffered from congestive heart failure and severe osteoarthritis of her knees.Oral diuretics were insufficient to control the ex- tensive oedema of her legs and it seemed desirable to reinforce this with weekly injec- tion of " neptal " (o-(2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymercuripropylcarbomyl) phenoxyacetic acid and theophylline).This produced a satisfac- tory diminution in the oedema, but it became very evident that on each occasion it was accompanied by exacerbation of the pain in her knees, which improved as the oedema re- formed in the course of the next few days.Your article suggests that the lubrication of joints depends on the viscosity of the synovial fluid rather than on the quantity, but the inference I drew from my patient was that the bone surfaces were being kept separated by an increased volume of intra-articular fluid, as part of the general oedema of the leg, and that the diuretic produced a relative intra-articular dehydration and consequent friction.At all events the patient was grate- ful when I treated her oedema less diligently.-I am, etc.,
Abstract 5172: The role of vimentin in FAK-mediated cell adhesion and metastasis
Authors: Lauren S. Havel, Adam Marcus
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Specifcally, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is responsible for about 80% of lung cancer deaths and has a 5-year survival rate of only 15-25%. This poor survival statistic results from diagnosis at advanced stages of the disease when metastasis of the primary tumor has already occurred; therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms guiding metastasis is crucial for advances in treatment. The intermediate filament vimentin is overexpressed in metastatic cancers and its expression correlates with increased invasive capacity and reduced patient survival. A population of vimentin filaments localizes to focal adhesions, which attach to the extracellular matrix and are required for cell motility. Focal adhesions are composed of a complex of proteins, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which is overexpressed in NSCLC. Since evidence suggests that both FAK and vimentin co-localize at focal adhesions, we hypothesize that vimentin acts through FAK to regulate cell adhesion and thereby cell migration. Our results show that vimentin depletion leads to decreased cell adhesion and migration, with decreased FAK activation and expression. We show that vimentin filaments directly enter total FAK and pFAK- Y397 sites at the cellular leading edge of motile lung cancer cells. Using immunoprecipitation, we show vimentin interacts with several members of the focal adhesion complex, suggesting that vimentin can regulate focal adhesion activity. To address the mechanism by which this may occur, we hypothesize that the phosphorylation state of vimentin, which is important for cell migration, is crucial for proper functioning at focal adhesions. This is the focus of our future work with the goal of identifying potential new therapeutic targets to block metastasis and improve lung cancer patients’ prognosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5172. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5172
Finding a way through the cost and benefit maze
Authors: A Szczepura
Journal: BMJ (1994)

endometrial cancer were detected many months after tamoxifen was stopped, but whether this reflects a persistent risk is unknown.As in women with a uterus taking oestrogen replacement therapy, a balance with progestins may eliminate or protect against overstimulation by tamoxifen.14 15No data are available on this: polyps have been described in women taking combined treatment,'6 and tamoxifen remains in some ways a mystery drug with effects on the uterus never seen with oestrogen replacement therapy.The effect of progestins on serum lipoproteins and hence on cardiovascular disease and on the breast are of concern.Certainly some clinicians will argue that not every woman taking tamoxifen should be given a progestin.Postmenopausal women taking tamoxifen who have not had a hysterectomy should be informed about potential endometrial hazards.Abnormal vaginal bleeding needs prompt endometrial assessment.Many questions remain about endometrial surveillance in healthy women taking the drug.Screening is feasible, and several approaches need evaluation.The benefits of screening and of other approaches to prevention have yet to be defined.Many of the questions may be answered if screening and preventive measures are included in trials of tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer.
Pathology of Muscle
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This monograph, one of a series on major problems in pathology, provides a cursory view of normal and diseased muscle. The easily read text contains well-reproduced micrographs. An initial chapter on normal muscle adequately summarizes the events occurring during embryonic myogenesis. A paragraph on muscle spindles lacks modern concepts of structure and function in this long-ignored but most important receptor. The description of denervation-induced ultrastructural changes should more forcefully emphasize the concept that most alterations depicted could well be nonspecific and disuseengendered. Sections on numerous neuromuscular disorders enumerate the classical light microscopic changes, which, I am afraid, have not served so well in the past to advance our understanding of neuromuscular pathophysiology. The author does, however, delineate some recently elucidated histochemical, ultrastructural, and electrodiagnostic changes. Neuromuscular disorders of any magnitude usually immobilize the involved part and thereby initiate disuse changes. Unfortunately, these changes, as observed by light or electron microscopy,
In Vitro Fertilization Enters Stormy Adolescence As Experts Debate the Odds
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A CASINO may have been just the right choice to discuss in vitro fertilization. Like gambling, "test-tube baby" technology is a chancy and expensive proposition, suggested many practitioners interviewed during the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Fertility Society in Reno, Nev. Ten years after Louise Brown's birth was ballyhooed in banner headlines, nearly 3000 babies owe their births to in vitro fertilization. This has given the procedure a cachet in the public's mind that even some of its advocates think is unwarranted. Others think the technique is or will soon become the infertility treatment of choice. Buffeted by the pressures of commercial interests and near-desperate patients searching for a technological miracle, the technique has become a major player in an increasingly lucrative infertility market. As such, it is at the center of a swirl of controversy. Questions about whether and how the performance of in vitro fertilization clinics should
Abstract 312: A mouse model of chronic prostatic inflammation using a human prostate cancer-derived isolate of Propionibacterium acnes.
Authors: Debika Biswal Shinohara, Ajay Vaghasia, Shu-Han Yu, William G. Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Karen S. Sfanos
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: A causative role for infectious agents and chronic inflammation in prostate cancer etiology has been difficult to establish in humans. To study this potential link in an in vivo system, we have developed a mouse model of long-term bacteria-induced chronic inflammation of the prostate using a prostatectomy-derived strain of Propionibacterium acnes that may be of particular relevance to prostate cancer. Methods: Prostates of C57BL/6J mice were inoculated, via urethral catheterization, with PBS (control) or a strain of P. acnes (PA2) isolated from human prostatectomy tissues. Animals were assessed at 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 8 weeks post-inoculation via histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: PA2 inoculation resulted in severe acute and chronic inflammation confined to the dorsal lobe of the prostate. Chronic inflammatory infiltrates persisted for at least 8 weeks post-inoculation. Inflammatory lesions were associated with an increase in the Ki-67 proliferative index, and diminished Nkx3.1 and androgen receptor (AR) production. Interestingly, the observed response required live bacteria. Additionally, both IHC and in situ hybridization assays for P. acnes indicated a potential intracellular persistence of P. acnes in prostate epithelial cells. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first mouse model of long-term prostatic inflammation induced by P. acnes, and more generally, any prostatectomy tissue-derived bacterial isolate. This model may serve as a valuable preclinical model of chronic prostatic inflammation that can be used to mechanistically study the link between inflammation and prostate cancer and other prostate disease. Citation Format: Debika Biswal Shinohara, Ajay Vaghasia, Shu-Han Yu, William G. Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Karen S. Sfanos. A mouse model of chronic prostatic inflammation using a human prostate cancer-derived isolate of Propionibacterium acnes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 312. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-312
Dietary Modulation of Active Potassium Secretion in the Cortical Collecting Tubule of Adrenalectomized Rabbits
Authors: Charles S. Wingo, Donald W. Seldin, Juha P. Kokko, Harry R. Jacobson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Addisonian patients can maintain potassium homeostasis despite the absence of mineralocorticoid. The present in vitro microperfusion studies examine what role the cortical collecting tubule might play in this process. All studies were performed on tubules harvested from adrenalectomized rabbits, which were maintained on 0.15 M NaCl drinking water and dexamethasone 50 mug/d. Perfusion and bath solutions were symmetrical Ringer's bicarbonate with [K] of 5 meq/liter. Initial studies on cortical collecting tubules from adrenalectomized animals ingesting a high potassium chow (9 meq K/kg body wt) demonstrated net potassium secretion against an electrochemical gradient (mean collected fluid [K] 16.5+/-2.6 meq/liter with an observed transepithelial voltage of -6.3+/-4.1 mV; predicted voltage for passive distribution of potassium being -28.2 mV). To examine whether this active potassium secretion could be modulated by dietary potassium, independent of mineralocorticoid, two diets identical in all respects except for potassium content were formulated. Potassium secretion was compared in cortical collecting tubules harvested from adrenalectomized animals on low (0.1 meq K) and high (10 meq K) potassium intake. Mean net potassium secretion by cortical collecting tubules was 2.02+/-0.54 peq mm(-1) min(-1) in the low potassium diet group and 5.34+/-.74 peq.mm(-1).min(-1) in the high potassium group. The mean transepithelial voltages of the collecting tubules did not differ between the two dietary groups. While net Na reabsorption was significantly greater in tubules from the high K group, this could not account for the differences in K secretion. These data demonstrate that: (a) the cortical collecting tubule can actively secrete potassium and that the magnitude of this potassium secretion correlates with potassium intake; (b) this active potassium secretory process in independent of mineralocorticoid. These findings support the hypothesis that the cortical collecting tubule may contribute to K homeostasis in Addison's disease.
The Yale Affiliated Gastroenterology Program
Authors: Robert S. Rosson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The Yale Affiliated Gastroenterology Program has established clinical traineeships in gastroenterology in six Connecticut community hospitals. Utilizing existing health resources and personnel, the program has increased the output of gastroenterologists in Connecticut threefold from 4 to 12 per year. The gastroenterological trainees at the community hospitals provide mutually advantageous communications between the university medical center and the community hospital health personnel. Resultant improvement in patient care is suggested by increased utilization of gastroenterological consultations and diagnostic procedures in the participating hospitals.
X RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC APPENDICITIS
Authors: A. P. Bertwistle
Journal: BMJ (1929)

THOSE WhO were present at the Section of Surgery at the Aniniuial Meeting of the British Medical Association in 1927, or who read tlhe report of its excellent discussion on-clhronic appendicitis, must have been strucik by the small diagnostic value which attaches to any one sign.'Compared with the acute form, chronic appendicitis presents a vague clinical picture; the appendix, like the hand of a clock, may point in any direction, anid it is not surpr-ising that tenderness may appear in widely different areas.I pointed out, how- ever, in a letter published in the same issue with the report, that at tihe discussionino one had mentioned the diagnostic value of x rays.2Yet radiology, taken in conjunction with clinical signs and symptoms, probably gives us miiore definite hell) in (liagnosis than any other eieans.I cite the followilng case, referr-ed' to me by Dr. Mathieson of Harrow, in illustration.Clinical History.The patient, a woman aged 44, had severe abdominal pains, particularly in the left costal region.They were intermittent, lasting one to, three days, with similar periods of intermission, and were much worse at the menstrual periods.The whole abdomeni was tender, more so at some times than at others.Occa- sionally her complexion was sallow.Radiographical Report.The stomach was of the fish-hook type, normal in position.Its size was increased and peristalsis more rapid than usual.There were no tender points.It indented easily with pressure.The duodenal cap was normal.Radiographic examination five days later: A round collection of barium was seen in the pelvis, and streaks of barium were present in the colon. Cholecystogram: Sodium tetraiodoplhenolphtlhalein was giveynDrally.The gall-bladder was not seen.An undissolved capsule and streaks of the dr'ug were seen in the ascending colon.Conclusion: "The presence of barium probalAy in the appendix five days after the meal is strongly suggestive of chronic appendic- itis.The association of pain with the menstrual periods leads onle to suppose that the appendix is involving the ovary or tube.The failure of the gall-bladder to fill suggests that this is diseased.The flatuilence and occasional change in her complexion would be explained by cholecystitis."Opera tion.
HOSPITAL FACILITIES AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: HOMER F. SANGER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The growth of hospitals in America has been greater in quantity and in capacity than it has in effectiveness. Hospitals have been built by certain groups in communities—and oftentimes for certain groups—rather than by and for the whole community. They have been built by federal, state, county or city government as a matter of public charity; by churches and fraternal orders, not always without prejudice in favor of those who believe or who affiliate; by industries, usually for employees; by individual physicians, sometimes as an adjunct to their personal practice; by nurses and other laymen as a means of livelihood, and by independent local hospital associations, also sometimes restricted. The information blank on which hospitals make routine reports to the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals asks, along with other questions, "What is your policy regarding the use of the hospital by physicians not on either the attending or the