tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin Sensitivity, Insulinemia, and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Marian Rewers, Daniel Zaccaro, Ralph D’Agostino, Steven Haffner, Mohammed F. Saad, Joe V. Selby, Richard Bergman, Peter Savage
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether low insulin sensitivity (Si) measured using a modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) independent of other cardiovascular risk factors.We studied 1,482 women and men, age 40-69 years old, African American (28%), Hispanic (34%), or non-Hispanic white (38%), with normal (45%), impaired (23%), or diabetic (32%) glucose tolerance. CAD defined as confirmed past myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, coronary angioplasty, or presence of a major Q-wave was found in 91 participants.The odds ratio (OR) for CAD was greatest among individuals in the two lowest quintiles of Si (2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.6 and 4.7, 2.1-10.7) compared with the highest Si quintile. After adjusting for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, a decrement from the 75th to 25th percentile in Si was associated with a 56% increase in CAD (P=0.028). Similar increments in fasting or 2-h insulin levels were associated with, respectively, only 15 (NS) and 3% (NS) increases in CAD. The association between Si and CAD was partially mediated by insulin, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, but not LDL cholesterol or cigarette smoking.Low Si is associated with CAD independently of and stronger than plasma insulin levels. Part of the association is accounted for by dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.
Ethics, strikes, and the GMC.
Authors: M C Grayson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

2000 g or less, four died (111 1 per 1000).These figures compare favourably with those for England and Wales for 1974 quoted in the article.Yet they were achieved with only two incubators and devoted care from hardpressed nurses and, especially, the mothersthey invariably remain in hospital, breastfeeding, until their babies are ready for discharge.On the other side of the coin, of six live-born infants weighing 1500 g or less, three died; and in this group the benefits of intensive care may be more evident.But I venture to suggest that the results achieved with slightly larger babies with minimum facilities might give food for thought to those who would transfer from the parents to technology the care of increasing numbers of low-birth-weight babies.
IMMUNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RABBIT ANTI-ANTIBODY SYSTEMS
Authors: Andrew S. Kelus, Philip G. H. Cell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

A study has been made of the production of antiidiotypic antibodies (anti-antibodies) arising during the immunization of 39 rabbits with 19 individual samples of rabbit anti-Proteus vulgaris x 19 antibodies adsorbed onto bacilli. In addition to the regular demonstration of antiidiotypic antibodies attention is drawn to the frequent occurrence of antiallotypic antibodies against molecules of immunoglobulin classes other than IgG, especially macroglobulins, which may arise during such immunization. In four cases attempts to raise autoantiidiotypic antibodies were unsuccessful, as expected. The idiotypic specificities (antigenic determinants) have been found mainly on IgG but also sometimes on IgM molecules. The individual specificity of the antiidiotypic antibodies appears to be absolute, as long as the antiallotypic antibodies are recognized and excluded; e.g., each idiotypic specificity is characteristic of only one single rabbit and of a single kind of antibody within that rabbit. These principles hold even when antibodies of rabbit families are examined: the parental idiotypic determinants could not be found in the offspring. In two samples tested the idiotypic specificities were found on the Fab fragment of IgG molecule but not on its antibody-combining site.
PTU-031 Duodenal Biopsy Specimen Collection And Diagnosis Of Coeliac Disease
Authors: J Morrow, G Rafferty, M Loughrey
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Coeliac disease is an immune-medicated, gluten sensitive enteropathy affecting 1% of the UK population.<sup>1</sup> Early diagnosis is important due to the potential long-term complications. Histological analysis along with serum biomarkers are used in diagnosis.<sup>1</sup> British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines recommend a minimum of 4 duodenal biopsies in order to maximise detection rates.<sup>2,3</sup> <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the current practice relating to the number of duodenal biopsy specimens taken at endoscopy in Belfast HSCT compared to national guidelines, and to assess the correlation between serology results and subsequent diagnosis of coeliac disease. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective review of the first 500 duodenal biopsy histology reports processed by Belfast Trust pathology laboratory in 2012. Positive/equivocal histological features based on criteria in BSG guidelines.<sup>2</sup>Serology results were checked via the Link Labs© system on all patients with pathology submitted. <h3>Results</h3> 481 duodenal histology records were included in the study with 19 excluded. 225 specimens (46.7%) had <b>less</b> than the 4 recommended individual biopsy fragments. 26 patients were diagnosed with Coeliac disease based on histological findings, and a further 30 had ‘equivocal’ results. Patients with positive or equivocal coeliac histology had a higher percentage of 4 or more biopsies as compared to the whole group (80.7% and 77.3% respectively vs 53.3%). Overall <b>96% </b>with histological evidence of coeliac disease also had positive serology (n = 23). For those with ‘equivocal’ histology, serology was positive in 55% and negative in 45%. 2% of patients with negative histology had strongly positive serology. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The number of duodenal biopsy specimens taken at endoscopy is below recommended guidelines in 46.7% of cases. There is a higher number of biopsy specimens taken in those with subsequently positive or equivocal histological features. 96% of cases where histology was diagnostic also demonstrated positive serology. 2% of patients with subsequently negative histology had strongly positive serology prior to endoscopy, and in these cases almost all had 4 or more individual pathology specimens. This suggests that where strong clinical suspicion and positive biochemistry indicate a higher probability of coeliac disease, the endoscopist is inclined to take more biopsy specimens. <h3>References</h3> Richey R, <i>et al</i>. Recognition and assessment of coeliac disease in children and adults: summary of NICE guidance. <i>BMJ</i> 2009 May 27;338:b1684 Ciclitira PJ, <i>et al</i>. <i>The Management of Adults with Coeliac Disease</i>. BSG Guidelines Rubio-Tapia A, <i>et al</i>. ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of celiac disease. <i>Am J Gastroenterol</i> 2013;108:656–676 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
O5 PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE – A MULTICENTER, RETROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE INTERNATIONAL PSC STUDY GROUP
Authors: T.J. Weismüller, J.A. Talwalkar, C.Y. Ponsioen, D.N. Gotthardt, H.-U. Marschall, S. Naess, K. Holm, R.K. Weersma, K.N. Lazaridis, J. Fevery, P.J. Trivedi, C. Schramm, O. Chazouilleres, T. Müller, M. Farkkila, S. Almer, S. Pereira, A.L. Mason, A. Floreani, P. Milkiewicz, H. Harley, A. Pares, L. de Vries, C. Manser, N. Gatselis, C. Berg, H. Lenzen, M. Benito de Valle, M. Imam, G. Kirchner, P. de Leuw, V. Zimmer, L. Fabris, F. Braun, G.M. Hirschfield, M. Marzioni, B.D. Juran, C.P. Strassburg, U. Beuers, M.P. Manns, E. Schrumpf, T.H. Karlsen, A. Bergquist, K.M. Boberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Childhood maltreatment is linked to recurrent depression
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

People who were badly treated as children are twice as likely to experience recurrent bouts of enduring depression as those who had emotionally secure childhoods, indicates a meta-analysis published online in the American Journal of Psychiatry . And such people are 43% more likely to respond poorly to treatment, it found (doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020335).

The results hold true irrespective of sex and the age at which the maltreatment started, said the lead author, Andrea Danese of the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London, at a press briefing last week.

The findings are based on a combined meta-analysis of 16 epidemiological studies and 10 clinical trials, with 23 544 and 3098 participants, …
Treatment of Heroin Dependence
Authors: Patrick G. O'Connor, David A. Fiellin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters17 April 2001Treatment of Heroin DependencePatrick G. O'Connor, MD, MPH and David A. Fiellin, MDPatrick G. O'Connor, MD, MPHYale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06520-8025 (O'Connor, Fiellin)Search for more papers by this author and David A. Fiellin, MDYale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06520-8025 (O'Connor, Fiellin)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Hyman raises some important issues about the treatment of opioid dependence and the role of primary care physicians in treatment. Concerning the treatment of short-term withdrawal (detoxification), it is important to keep in mind that detoxification refers specifically to the process of safely and comfortably bringing a patient from a drug-using to a drug-free state. In the case of heroin dependence, this typically involves a relatively brief period and should be viewed as an initial step down a long road of treatment. Detoxification must always be followed by a referral to ongoing substance abuse treatment for prevention ...References1. Amass L, Bickel WK, Higgins ST, Hughes JR. A preliminary investigation of outcome following gradual or rapid buprenorphine detoxification. J Addict Dis. 1994;13:33-45. [PMID: 0007734458] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Johnson RE, Chutuape MA, Strain EC, Walsh SL, Stitzer ML, Bigelow GE. A comparison of levomethadyl acetate, buprenorphine, and methadone for opioid dependence. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1290-7. [PMID: 00011058673] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. O'Connor PG, Carroll KM, Shi JM, Schottenfeld RS, Kosten TR, Rounsaville BJ. Three methods of opioid detoxification in a primary care setting. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:526-30. [PMID: 0009313020] LinkGoogle Scholar4. O'Connor PG. Treatment of opioid dependence—new data and new opportunities. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1332-4. [PMID: 00011058680] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06520-8025 (O'Connor, Fiellin) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPharmacologic Treatment of Heroin-Dependent Patients Patrick G. O'Connor and David A. Fiellin Treatment of Heroin Dependence Mark H. Hyman Metrics 17 April 2001Volume 134, Issue 8Page: 714-715KeywordsDetoxificationDrugsFood and Drug AdministrationForecastingHeroinInpatientsOpioidsOutpatientsPrimary care physiciansSubstance abuse ePublished: 17 April 2001 Issue Published: 17 April 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Diabetes affects nearly 6% of the world's adults
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Nearly 6% of adults in the world, or 246 million people, have diabetes, figures published this week by the International Diabetes Federation indicate. 

The federation, a coalition of diabetes associations from more than 150 countries, estimates that the prevalence of diabetes (mainly type 2) is rising relentlessly and now affects 5.9% of people aged 20-79 years. Almost 80% of affected people live in developing countries. The data were published in the latest edition of the Diabetes Atlas , which used a detailed literature search to estimate the prevalence of diabetes by creating smoothed curves of prevalence at different age groups that were then applied to each country's population distribution. 

Reporting the figures at the 19th World Diabetes Congress in Cape Town, South Africa, Pierre Lefebvre, emeritus …
Improved dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin delivered by a solid dispersion prepared using supercritical fluids
Authors: Gang Yang, Yaping Zhao, Nianping Feng, Yongtai Zhang, Ying Liu, Beilei Dang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

The objective of this study was to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin (SM). Solid dispersions (SDs) were prepared using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) and evaluated in vitro and in vivo, compared with pure SM powder. The particle sizes, stability, and contents of residual solvent of the prepared SM-SDs with SEDS and solvent evaporation (SE) were investigated. Four polymer matrix materials were evaluated for the preparation of SM-SD-SEDS, and the hydrophilic polymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K17, was selected with a ratio of 1:5 between SM and the polymer. Physicochemical analyses using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicated that SM was dispersed in SD in an amorphous state. The optimized SM-SD-SEDS showed no loss of SM after storage for 6 months and negligible residual solvent (ethanol) was detected using gas chromatography. In vitro drug release was increased from the SM-SD-SEDS, as compared with pure SM powder or SM-SD-SE. In vivo, the area under the rat plasma SM concentration-time curve and the maximum plasma SM concentration were 2.4-fold and 1.9-fold higher, respectively, after oral administration of SM-SD-SEDS as compared with an aqueous SM suspension. These results illustrated the potential of using SEDS to prepare SM-SD, further improving the biopharmaceutical properties of this compound.
Rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) overcomes PRDM1-associated resistance to chemotherapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yan-Yan Liu, Christophe Leboeuf, Jing-Yi Shi, Jun-Min Li, Li Wang, Yang Shen, José-Francisco Garcia, Zhi-Xiang Shen, Zhu Chen, Anne Janin, Sai-Juan Chen, Wei-Li Zhao
Journal: Blood (2007)
How widespread is variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
Authors: R. Salmon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Single-cell RNA sequencing thoroughly quantifies the individual cell transcriptomes but renounces the spatial structure. Conversely, recently emerged spatial transcriptomics technologies capture the cellular spatial structure but skimp cell or gene resolutions. Cell-cell affinity estimated by ligand-receptor interactions can partially reconstruct the quasi-structure of cells but falsely include the pseudo affinities between distant or indirectly interacting cells. Here, we develop a software package, STORM, to reconstruct the single-cell resolution quasi-structure from the spatial transcriptome with diminished pseudo affinities. STORM first curates the representative single-cell profiles for each spatial spot from a candidate library, then reduces the pseudo affinities in the intercellular affinity matrix by partial correlation, spectral graph sparsification, and spatial coordinates refinement. STORM embeds the estimated interactions into a low-dimensional space with the cross-entropy objective to restore the intercellular quasi-structures, which facilitates the discovery of dominant ligand-receptor pairs between neighboring cells at single-cell resolution. STORM reconstructed structures achieved shape Pearson correlations ranging from 0.91 to 0.97 on the mouse hippocampus and human organ tumor microenvironment datasets. Furthermore, STORM can solely <i>de novo</i> reconstruct the quasi-structures at single-cell resolution, <i>i.e</i>., reaching the cell-type proximity correlations 0.68 and 0.89 between reconstructed and immunohistochemistry-informed spatial structures on a human developing heart dataset and a tumor microenvironment dataset, respectively.
Frequent arguments are linked to premature death, Danish study says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Arguing with family, friends, or neighbours, particularly if you are a man and out of work, increases the risk of premature death, a study has shown.1

The researchers questioned 9875 men and women aged 36 to 52 who were taking part in the Danish Longitudinal Study on Work, Unemployment and Health about their everyday social relationships. They then tracked the participants from 2000 to the end of 2011 for information on all cause mortality, using data from …
Slow releasing of ara-C from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogels implanted subcutaneously in the back of rats
Authors: M.D. Blanco, R.M. Trigo, C. Teijón, C. Gómez, J.M. Teijón
Journal: Biomaterials (1998)
771. Human mda-7/Interleukin 24 (IL-24) Protein Kills Breast Cancer Cells Via the IL-20 Receptor and Is Antagonized by IL-10
Authors: Minghong Zheng, Dora Bocangel, Abner Mhashilkar, Rajagopal Ramesh, Kelly K. Hunt, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Nancy Poindexter, Elizabeth A. Grimm, Sunil Chada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7/IL-24) is a unique member of the interleukin 10 (IL-10) family of cytokines, with ubiquitous tumor cell pro-apoptotic activity. Recent data have shown that IL-24 is secreted as a glycosylated protein and functions as a pro-Th1 cytokine and as a potent anti-angiogenic molecule. In this study, we analyzed the activity of Ad-mda7 and its protein product, secreted human IL-24, against human breast cancer cells. We show that Ad-mda7 transduction of breast cancer cells results in G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest and killing, which correlates with secretion of IL-24 protein. Neutralizing antibody against IL-24 significantly inhibited Ad-mda7 killing. IL-24 and IL-10 both engage their cognate receptors on breast cancer cells resulting in phosphorylation and activation of STAT3, however, IL-10 receptor binding failed to induce cell killing, indicating that tumor cell killing by IL-24 is independent of STAT3 phosphorylation. Exogenous L-24 killed breast cancer cells by induction of apoptosis and this effect was abolished by addition of anti-IL-24 antibody or anti-IL-20R1, indicating that bystander cell killing is mediated via IL-24 binding to the IL-20R1/IL-20R2 heterodimeric receptor complex. Furthermore, IL-10 treatment inhibits killing mediated by IL-24. In summary, we have defined a tumor-selective cytotoxic bystander role for secreted IL-24 protein and identified a novel receptor- mediated death pathway in breast cancer cells, wherein the related cytokines IL-24 and IL-10 exhibit antagonistic activity. Sunil Chada, Minghong Zheng, and Dora Bocangel are Introgen employees.
Declining childhood immunization rates becoming cause for concern
Authors: J. W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND HEART RATE CONTROL IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Savina Nodari, Marco Triggiani, Laura Lupi, Alessandra Manerba, Giuseppe Milesi, Elena Rocco, Nicola Berlinghieri, Annalisa Pizzuto, Silvia Suardi, Clara Villa, Livio Dei Cas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
European Commission launches plan to make public sector data more widely usable
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The European Commission has launched a plan to make it easier for citizens and businesses to make use of data from the public sector.

Its open data strategy aims to mimic on a Europe-wide scale the “open data” policies already adopted in the United Kingdom and France. The hope is that making data available free or at small cost will encourage those outside government to use the data creatively to create new products and services.

The commission says that it expects the plan to deliver a €40bn (£34bn; $53bn) boost to the European Union’s economy every year. Europe’s public administrations are, it says, “sitting on a goldmine of unrealised …
Genotype of subjects with borderline hemoglobin A2 levels: Implication for, β‐thalassemia carrier screening
Authors: R. Galanello, S. Barella, A. Ideo, D. Gasperini, C. Rosatelli, L. Paderi, E. Paglietti, C. Sollaino, L. Perseu, D. Loi, A. Cao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract In this study, we have defined by molecular analysis, the α, β, and δ globin genotype in a group of individuals with normal or thal‐like red cell indices but borderline hemoglobin (Hb)A2 levels, who were identified in a program for β‐thal carrier screening. In 37 of 125 individuals with borderline HbA2 levels, we detected a molecular defect in the β, in both the δ and the β, or in the α globin gene. Specifically seven of these subjects were carriers of the −101 C T mutation, ten of the IVSI nt6 T C mutation, 16 were double heterozygotes for δ and β thal, and two had the triple α globin gene and two the single α globin gene deletion. From these results, we may conclude that subjects with borderline HbA2, particularly when they marry a typical β‐thal carrier, should be extensively investigated in order not to miss heterozygous β‐thalassemia. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alveolins, a New Family of Cortical Proteins that Define the Protist Infrakingdom Alveolata
Authors: S. B. Gould, W.-H. Tham, A. F. Cowman, G. I. McFadden, R. F. Waller
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Alveolates are a recently recognized group of unicellular eukaryotes that unites disparate protists including apicomplexan parasites (which cause malaria and toxoplasmosis), dinoflagellate algae (which cause red tides and are symbionts in many corals), and ciliates (which are microscopic predators and common rumen symbionts). Gene sequence trees provide robust support for the alveolate alliance, but beyond the common presence of membranous sacs (alveoli) subtending the plasma membrane, the group has no unifying morphological feature. We describe a family of proteins, alveolins, associated with these membranous sacs in apicomplexa, dinoflagellates, and ciliates. Alveolins contain numerous simple peptide repeats and are encoded by multigene families. We generated antibodies against a peptide motif common to all alveolins and identified a range of apparently abundant proteins in apicomplexa, dinoflagellates, and ciliates. Immunolocalization reveals that alveolins are associated exclusively with the cortical regions of apicomplexa, dinoflagellates, and ciliates where the alveolar sacs occur. Alveolins are the first molecular nexus between the unifying structures that defines this eukaryotic group. They provide an excellent opportunity to explore the exceptional compartment that was apparently the key to a remarkable diversification of unique protists that occupy a wide array of lifestyle niches.