tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of portal pressure in the severity of bleeding in portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Beatriz Castañeda, Wilma Debernardi-Venon, Juan-Carlos Bandi, Victoria Andreu, Sofía Pérez-del-Pulgar, Eduardo Moitinho, Pilar Pizcueta, Jaime Bosch
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of portal hypertension determining the severity of bleeding in portal hypertensive rats. The effects of section of branches of the ileocolic vein were studied in sham-operated (SO), partial portal vein-ligated (PPVL), and common bile duct-ligated (CBDL) rats. The ensuing hemorrhage was compared with that caused by section of femoral vein, where the portal hypertensive factor is excluded. In PPVL rats, section of branches of increasing size (divided into fourth, third, second, and first order) resulted in increasingly severe bleeding (arterial pressure: ↓ ± 4%, ↓6 ± 12%, ↓15 ± 8%, and ↓28 ± 13%; P &lt; .005; hematocrit ↓4 ± 2%, ↓6 ± 1%, ↓7 ± 2%, and ↓10 ± 4%; P &lt; .005). Bleeding from first-order branches was mild in SO, moderate in PPVL, and severe in CBDL rats, as shown by increasing changes in arterial pressure (↓3 ± 3%, ↓12 ± 16% and, ↓43 ± 23%; P &lt; .01), hematocrit (↓4 ± 1%, ↓12 ± 2%, and ↓32 ± 19%; P &lt; .01), and mortality (0%, 0%, and 56%; P &lt; .001). Greater blood loss in CBDL rats was associated with higher portal pressure (16.6 ± 2.7 vs. 13.1 ± 1.1 mm Hg in PPVL; P &lt; .01) and more prolonged bleeding time (70 ± 4 vs. 35 ± 3 seconds in PPVL; P &lt; .001). Vessels were similarly dilated in CBDL and PPVL (0.7 ± 0.2 and 0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 0.4 ± 0.1 mm in SO; P &lt; .05). Section of femoral vein caused equal blood loss in SO, PPVL, and CBDL rats, assessed by falls in hematocrit (↓8 ± 2%, ↓7 ± 1%, ↓8 ± 1%, respectively; NS) and by the blood loss (3.6 ± 0.7, 3.5 ± 0.9, and 3.8 ± 0.7 g; NS). The study shows that the degree of portal pressure elevation is a major determinant of the severity of portal hypertension-related bleeding in PPVL and CBDL rats.
Eosinophil Degranulation and the Release of Eosinophil Peroxidase Contributes to the Induced Inflammation Occurring in Mice Following Skin Exposure to TMA
Authors: Huijun Luo, Cheryl A. Protheroe, Emily D. Blum, Allison Fryer, Nancy A. Lee, David B. Jacoby, James J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Making the evidence matter
Authors: K. Pettersen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The results of a proof-of-principle study demonstrating a new analytical technique for detecting microbial growth directly in pharmaceutical containers are described. This analytical technique, laser-based headspace analysis, uses tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy to non-destructively determine gas concentrations in the headspace of a media-filled pharmaceutical container. For detecting microbial growth, the levels of headspace oxygen and carbon dioxide are measured. Once aerobic microorganisms begin to divide after the lag phase and enter the exponential growth phase, there will be significant consumption of oxygen and concomitant production of carbon dioxide in the sealed container. Laser-based headspace analysis can accurately measure these changes in the headspace gas composition. The carbon dioxide and oxygen measurement data for the representative microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis were modeled using the Baranyi-Roberts Equation. The mathematical modeling allowed quantitative comparisons to be made between the data from the different microorganisms as well as to the known growth curves based on microbial count. Because laser-based headspace analysis is non-invasive and can be automated to analyze the headspace of pharmaceutical containers at inspection speeds of several hundred containers per minute online, some potential new applications are enabled. These include replacing the current manual human visual inspection with an automated analytical inspection machine to determine microbial contamination of media fill and pharmaceutical drug product vials.
Low-Dose Involved Field Radiation after Chemotherapy in Advanced Hodgkin Disease: A Southwest Oncology Group Randomized Study
Authors: Carol J. Fabian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To determine if low-dose involved field radiation after complete remission induction with chemotherapy is effective in preventing relapse and improving survival in patients with stage III or IV Hodgkin disease. Design: A randomized, controlled trial with a median follow-up time of 8.1 years. Setting: A Southwest Oncology Group multi-institutional study. Patients were entered from university- and community-based practices. Patients: 278 adults with clinical or pathologic stage III or IV Hodgkin disease, who achieved complete responses after 6 cycles of MOP-BAP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin, doxorubicin, and procarbazine) and who agreed to be randomly assigned to either radiation or no further treatment. Intervention: Patients were assigned to either no further treatment or low-dose radiation to all initially involved sites (radiation dose, 2000 cGy to lymph node areas and 1000 to 1500 cGy to other involved organ sites). Measurements: Differences in remission duration, relapse-free survival, and survival. Results: Remission duration, relapse-free survival, and overall survival were similar for the two groups (P = 0.09, P > 0.2, and P = 0.14, respectively). Factors that predicted shorter remission duration in a multivariate analysis were nodular sclerosis histology, bulky disease, and receipt of less than 85% of planned chemotherapy. Low-dose radiation improved remission duration in the subgroups of patients with nodular sclerosis and bulky disease. For the 169 patients with nodular sclerosis, the 5-year remission-duration estimate was 82% for the low-dose radiation group and 60% for the no further treatment group (P = 0.002). For all patients with bulky disease, the 5-year remission-duration estimate was 75% for the low-dose radiation group and 57% for the no further treatment group (P = 0.05). No difference in overall survival was noted between low-dose radiation and no further treatment in all patients or major subgroups. The 5-year survival was 86% for all patients who had a complete response as well as for patients in the nodular sclerosis subgroup. Conclusions: Low-dose involved field radiation after MOP-BAP chemotherapy in patients with stage III or IV Hodgkin disease did not prolong remission duration or overall survival in randomized patients. However, remission duration was prolonged in several subgroups of patients, most prominently in those with nodular sclerosis histology.
Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes of the synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis and in reactive arthritides.
Authors: S L Marklund, A Bjelle, L G Elmqvist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The activity of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes was determined in knee joint synovial fluid from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, nine patients with reactive arthritides, and from 17 patients before arthroscopy or arthrotomy for suspected meniscal or ligament injury (controls). Extracellular superoxide dismutase was the major isoenzyme and accounted for about 80% of the total superoxide dismutase activity in the controls. The pattern of the superoxide dismutase isoenzymes was significantly different in rheumatoid arthritis, extracellular (EC) superoxide dismutase being half, CuZn superoxide dismutase double, and the total superoxide dismutase activity a third lower than the activity in the synovial fluid of the controls. The superoxide dismutase activities were similar in synovial fluid from the controls and from the patients with reactive arthritides. The total superoxide dismutase activity was almost three times higher in control synovial fluid than in normal human plasma, but 300 times lower than in human tissues.
Cutaneous side-effects in patients on long-term treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: A. Osio, C. Mateus, J.-C. Soria, C. Massard, D. Malka, V. Boige, B. Besse, C. Robert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Acute and subacute cutaneous side-effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are very frequent and well known. Much less is known about the chronic cutaneous effects of these drugs and about their potential psychosocial impact on patients.We performed a retrospective study of patients treated with EGFRIs for more than 6 months.All patients had a detailed dermatological examination. The primary cancer, associated chemotherapies, skin treatment, evolution of skin symptoms and their impact on quality of life (QoL) as evaluated by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were noted.Seven men and nine women were identified. The mean length of EGFRI treatment was 10 months (range 6-27). At the time of examination, all patients (100%) had cutaneous side-effects. Grade I or II folliculitis was found in 37.5% of the patients. Additional skin manifestations were xerosis (100%), mucositis (69%), hair abnormalities (87.5%), eyelash trichomegaly (62.5%), facial hypertrichosis (56%), painful paronychia (56%) and onycholysis (44%). Dose reduction or EGFRI discontinuation for skin toxicity were needed in six patients (37.5%). DLQI evaluation showed a moderate to strong impact on QoL in four patients (25%).Cutaneous side-effects are found in 100% of patients treated with EGFRIs for more than 6 months and have a significant effect on patients' QoL. The clinical spectrum of skin manifestation varies over time. As the use of EGFRIs rapidly increases, it is critical for us to improve our knowledge in the understanding and managment of these skin manifestations.
How to Patch an Eye
Authors: K. W. Ascher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Every ophthalmologist must have enjoyed reading the answer by Dr. Kaufman to the question about recurrent corneal erosion (<b>200</b>:1189, 1967). The most common error in patching an eye consists of using too little bandage, but too much is also not rare. The proper bandage should fill the space between the upper and lower orbital rim without undue pressure on the eyeball and without permitting the lids to open under the dressing. The latter error can be called "the inefficient curtain" and will not achieve the effect described in Dr. Kaufman's article; the other mistake, exaggerated volume of cotton and gauze, will provoke discomfort, corneal folds, and undue loss of intraocular fluid. It is best to fill the space mentioned above with gauze and cotton, then put your palm over the padding to feel whether it is level with the orbital rims. Apply tape obliquely from the
MIM-CD, Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Version 3.1
Authors: Gregory F. Pratt
Journal: JAMA (1995)

MIM-CD is the CD-ROM companion to the print and on-line versions ofMendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM), Victor McKusick's encyclopedia of medical genetics. The CD is based on theMIMdatabase. First published in 1966, the printed work is currently in its 11th edition (1994) and exceeds 2500 pages. Evolving through the years into what is essentially a gene catalog,MIMnow contains over 6600 separate review entries and 52000 references. The first computerized version,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), was introduced in 1987 with free access provided through the Welch Medical Library of The Johns Hopkins University. Currently,OMIMis readily available via telephone lines and the Internet.  The monumental effort required to produce such a work and its current availability in three formats attest to the worth ofMIM's content. In addition to appreciating its value for teaching and research, users surveyed found the knowledge
Diagnosis and Quantitation of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations by Factor Analysis
Authors: JAVIER VILLANUEVA-MEYER, CAROL MARCUS, KENT THOMPSON, LAURENT PHILIPPE, ISMAEL MENA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The diagnosis of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was made by performing a computer-assisted first-pass cardiopulmonary imaging procedure using Tc-99m pertechnetate and processing the image information using factor analysis. This analytical technique is capable of separating partially overlapping structures by automatically extracting factors with different temporal behavior (time–activity curves) which correspond to functional areas without anatomic constraint. This procedure was accomplished successfully despite the presence of four-chamber enlargement, mitral stenosis and regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension. The magnitude of the right-to-left shunt resulting from the AVM was quantitated using both the factor analysis data and an independent Tc-99m MAA computer-assisted imaging procedure. Both methods gave comparable values.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in an Adult Japanese Population
Authors: Ryo Kawasaki, Jie Jin Wang, Gui-jin Ji, Bronwen Taylor, Toshihide Oizumi, Makoto Daimon, Takeo Kato, Sumio Kawata, Takamasa Kayama, Yasuo Tano, Paul Mitchell, Hidetoshi Yamashita, Tien Yin Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Long term study shows no increase in mortality or cancer in UK nuclear weapon test veterans
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The overall mortality and cancer incidence among participants in UK nuclear weapon testing continues to be similar to the rates in a matched control group, according to latest results from an ongoing observation study published this week.

A research team at the National Radiological Protection Board followed a group of 21 357 servicemen and male civilians from the United Kingdom who took part in the UK programmes of atmospheric nuclear weapon tests in Australia and the Pacific Ocean during the 1950s and 1960s. The men were compared with a control group of 22 333 male servicemen who had …
Area security unit in a psychiatric hospital.
Authors: M W Carney, P A Nolan
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Since 1974 a psychiatric hospital security unit, designed to serve the whole catchment area, has cared for mentally ill (mostly psychotic) patients with disturbed behaviour that cannot be managed in open wards. There are a few long-term dangerous patients but most stay only briefly. The admission of women to the unit was not followed by the expected reduction in violence. The unit has facilities for occupational therapy, physical recreation, work, and study, which are particularly important for those who are too dangerous to leave it. The unit's calming influence depends as much on the supportive effect of the high staff ratio as on the use of tranquillisers. This type of unit is not suitable for patients with personality disturbances who "act out" or for mentally abnormal offenders; but it functions well as a crisis centre for the disturbed mentally ill, and there is an increasing demand for its services.
Medical Ethics-Reply
Authors: Colleen D. Clements
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It is difficult in a short article for physicians to do full justice to all the intricacies of philosophic ethics and the medical ethics that is deduced from it. The best approach is to look at possible conceptual moves. We argue that the predominant intellectual move is "autonomy ethics," by whatever name an individual ethicist calls it. This may be anathema to ordinary language philosophy, but in the world of practice, operations count more than names. For Culver and Gert,<sup>1</sup>paternalism always involves violating a moral rule. They also want to consider some violations "justified." They employ the notion that an irrational action is defined as harming oneself without an adequate reason. Reasons, which are not "motives" in their system, make otherwise irrational acts rational (we could substitute "cognitively demonstrated" or "intellectually proved"). Finally, "competent patients should make their own medical decisions" (p 49) and the "consent
Medicare Policy on Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Sean R. Tunis, Donna A. Messner
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Limitations and Withdrawals of Medical Intervention in Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Marcia Levetown
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To investigate the use and implementation in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) of three levels of restriction of medical intervention: do not resuscitate (DNR), additional limitations of medical interventions beyond DNR, and withdrawal of care.Consecutive patients admitted between December 1989 and January 1992.A total of 16 PICUs randomly selected to represent variability in size, teaching status, and presence or absence of a pediatric intensivist and unit coordination.Profiles of children undergoing restrictions of medical interventions including the influence of chronic disease, the justifications for restrictions, and description of implementation practices.All pediatric admissions undergoing restrictions (n = 119) drawn from 5415 consecutive PICU admissions.A total of 94 (79%) of the restriction patients died during the PICU course, representing 38% of all deaths. A total of 73 restrictions (61%) resulted from acute disease, most involving the central nervous system or respiratory system. Restrictions were evenly divided between DNR (39%), additional limitations of medical intervention beyond DNR (27%), and withdrawals of medical intervention (34%). Survival decreased with increasing levels of restriction from 35% of DNR patients to 9% of patients with additional limitations and 2% of withdrawal patients. Imminent death was cited as the justification for restrictions in 70% of cases, no relational potential was cited in 22%, and excessive burden was cited in 8%.Restrictions of medical intervention were used in all PICUs surveyed. Although severe chronic disease was common among restriction patients, acute disease was the predominant event precipitating placement of restrictions. Imminent death, not quality of life or excessive burden, was the most common justification.
Variable adhesion of different red blood cell products to activated vascular endothelium under flow conditions
Authors: Angela M. Anniss, Rosemary L. Sparrow
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Red blood cells (RBCs) that have been stored prior to transfusion show increased adherence to vascular endothelium in vitro, which suggests a potential for stored blood transfusion to impede blood flow in some patients. Transfusion is often required in patients with sepsis or inflammation; however, whether activation of endothelium affects stored RBC–endothelial cell (EC) interactions is unknown. We investigated whether storage time and leukocyte content of RBC products influences the adhesion of RBCs to activated ECs. RBCs from nonleukocyte‐reduced (S‐RBCs), buffy‐coat‐poor (BCP‐RBCs), and leukocyte‐filtered (LF‐RBCs) products and cultured EC layers were pretreated with endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), or medium alone prior to perfusion of the RBCs across the EC layer in a continuous flow microchamber. After a single day of RBC storage, the number of adherent RBCs was increased in the endotoxin and TNF‐α pretreated groups compared to the unactivated‐control group. These differences were statistically significant for S‐RBCs and LF‐RBC products ( P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in RBC adherence to activated and unactivated endothelium at other time‐points of RBC product storage. The strength of adhesion of stored RBCs from S‐RBC products to activated ECs was not altered following treatment; however, endotoxin significantly increased the adhesive strength of LF‐RBCs to endothelium. These results demonstrate that while fresh RBCs show increased adhesion to activated endothelium, storage of RBCs did not promote increased adhesion to activated endothelium. However, inflammatory conditions promote stronger adhesion of stored RBCs to ECs, which may contribute to impaired tissue perfusion in some transfusion recipients. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantifying growth and transformation frequency of oncogene-expressing mouse hepatocytes in vivo
Authors: Marxa L. Figueiredo, Kristin M. Wentworth, Eric P. Sandgren
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Gene changes can affect cancer cells in many ways, but changes that increase disease severity—by allowing cells to proliferate when they should be quiescent, by enhancing their rate of growth under growth permissive conditions, or by increasing the risk that they will accumulate additional carcinogenic alterations—must be identified so that strategies to counter their effects can be developed. We describe a novel in vivo assay system based on hepatocyte transplantation that permits us to accomplish this objective for genetically modified hepatocytes. We find that the oncogenes c-myc and transforming growth factor α, but not simian virus 40 T-antigen, increase the rate of hepatocyte growth under growth permissive conditions. However, no single oncogene can induce hepatocyte growth in quiescent liver. In contrast, at least one oncogene combination, transforming growth factor α/T-antigen, was sufficient to direct cell autonomous growth even in this nonpermissive environment. Furthermore, we could quantify risk for progression to neoplasia associated with oncogene expression; increased transformation frequency was the principal carcinogenic effect of T-antigen. Conclusion: This system identifies biological mechanistic role(s) in carcinogenesis for candidate genetic changes implicated in development of human liver cancer. The quantitative and comparative evaluation of gene effects on liver cancer allows us to prioritize targets for therapeutic intervention. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;)
EPAC Null Mutation Impairs Learning and Social Interactions via Aberrant Regulation of miR-124 and Zif268 Translation
Authors: Ying Yang, Xiaogang Shu, Dan Liu, You Shang, Yan Wu, Lei Pei, Xin Xu, Qing Tian, Jian Zhang, Kun Qian, Ya-Xian Wang, Ronald S. Petralia, Weihong Tu, Ling-Qiang Zhu, Jian-Zhi Wang, Youming Lu
Journal: Neuron (2012)