tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
General professional training in psychiatry in the South-west Thames Region.
Authors: J S Stead, G W Dick, A H Crisp, R S Viner
Journal: BMJ (1980)

General professional training in psychiatry usually requires a minimum of three years' in-service training in senior house officer and registrar posts, leading to membership of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (MRCPsych) by examination.In 1974 the postgraduate dean of this region and his adviser from the Royal College of Psychiatrists set up a psychiatric subcommittee of the regional postgraduate medical committee, to consider and advise on the planning of training in psychiatry in the region.At that time, four clinical tutors ran well-known weekend and week-long block release courses which took place every six months, either at Brookwood psychiatric hospital or at the University of Surrey, in addition to their local teaching responsibilities.These courses were intended to prepare candidates for the professional examination, which occurred twice yearly.In addition one of the tutors had organised a two-term day release basic medical science course for Part A of the Diploma of Psychological Medicine (which be- came also suitable for the preliminary MRCPsych examination).Early on, the subcommittee recommended the setting up of a regional two-year day release course (consisting of six seven-week terms), which was designed to equip candidates for the final part of the MRCPsych examination.
PWE-213 Comparison of colonoscopy quality indicators between surgeons, physicians and nurse endoscopists in the NHS bowel cancer screening programme: analysis of the national database
Authors: T J W Lee, C Nickerson, C J Rees, J Patnick, M D Rutter
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Screening colonoscopists in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) are predominantly surgeons, physicians or nurse endoscopists. There are a small number from other backgrounds such as general practice. All are required to be screening-accredited, attain the same standards prior to commencing colonoscopy in the programme (including performance of at least 1000 colonoscopies) and undergo the same performance audits. This study examines whether there are any differences in colonoscopy quality indicators (CQI) among colonoscopists from these different backgrounds. <h3>Methods</h3> The following CQI were calculated for all colonoscopists in the BCSP based on all index screening colonoscopies performed between August 2006 and August 2009: adenoma detection rate (ADR), polyp detection rate (PDR), mean number of adenomas per patient (MAP), mean negative complete colonoscopy withdrawal time (nc-CWT), caecal intubation rate (CIR), rectal retroversion rate (RRR), polyp retrieval rate (PRR), percentage of patients with no, minimal or mild discomfort and percentage of procedures performed with no intravenous sedation. Colonoscopists were classified according their background. As only one colonoscopist was from a general practice background, this group was not included from subsequent analyses. ANOVA was used to compare the mean values for each of the CQI for each speciality. <h3>Results</h3> Of 148 colonoscopists, 114 were physicians, 24 were surgeons and 10 were nurse endoscopists. In the study period, 36 460 colonoscopies were performed. The mean ADR for surgeons, physicians and nurse endoscopists were 46.7%, 46.6% and 44.2% respectively. The mean CIR rates were 95.3%, 95.3% and 94.7% respectively. These values were not significantly different (p=0.570, p=0.839). Similarly, no significant differences were seen in comparison of any of the other CQI or performance indicators (PDR, MAP, nc-CWT, RRR, PRR or patient comfort). The proportion of procedures performed without sedation by surgeons, physicians and nurse endoscopists were 10.4%, 13.8% and 27.5% respectively (p=0.002). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that standards of colonoscopy as assessed by eight colonoscopy quality indicators and measures of performance are similar for surgeons, physicians and nurse endoscopists. The difference in percentage of procedures performed without sedation may reflect differing attitudes to sedation and warrants further investigation. These data support the accreditation process for screening colonoscopists by demonstrating that all accredited colonoscopists perform to a high standard irrespective of speciality. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract LB-74: A high-throughput RNAi sensitization screen of rapamycin identifies targets for rational drug combination strategies
Authors: Lihui Ou, Kristen Gehlhaus, Jyoti Patel, Jinqiu Chen, Paul Goldsmith, Beverly Mock, Natasha Caplen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract RNAi screening affords an unbiased and rapid method to identify genes involved in particular cellular processes and is thus a powerful tool for drug target identification and validation. Rapamycin is a well defined inhibitor of mTOR, a protein being actively pursued as an anti-tumor target. In breast cancer patients, however, treatment with mTOR inhibitors has shown only modest activity suggesting that a combined approach may be required to maximize the clinical application of mTOR inhibitors in these patients. In this study, we performed a high-throughput synthetic siRNA-based RNAi screen of the human kinome plus 350 additional genes (4 siRNAs per gene) in combination with rapamycin, to identify candidate genes whose silencing potentiate the inhibitory effects of rapamycin. Screens were conducted in the ER+ breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468. For the RNAi screen rapamycin (10 nM) or vehicle only (0.1% DMSO) was added 48 hours post siRNA transfection and cell viability was measured after a further 24 hours of incubation. By comparing the normalized effect on cell viability for each siRNA (Z-score) in the control and rapamycin screens we identified 36 candidate genes whose silencing sensitized MCF-7 cells to rapamycin and 56 that sensitized MDA-MB-468 cells. The silencing of six candidate genes sensitized both cell lines to rapamycin, AKT1, ASPA, CDKN2A, MAP3K7IP1, MAPK12 and PCTK3. The sensitization of rapamycin by silencing of AKT1 was confirmed. Rapamycin treatment increased AKT phosphorylation in the cell lines. HDAC inhibitors have been shown to facilitate the dephosphorylation of AKT; therefore, we tested the combination of rapamycin with the HDAC inhibitor MS-275. MS-275 completely blocks rapamycin-induced AKT phosphorylation, and combining it with rapamycin synergistically inhibited the growth of the MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. We investigated if other pathways are affected by combining rapamycin with MS-275. De-regulation of the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway is frequently detected in human cancers but the high level of ERK phosphorylation is significantly reduced in cells treated with the rapamycin/MS-275 combination. To profile the unphosphorylated, mono and dual-phosphorylated isoforms of ERK1 and ERK2 we used a capillary isoelectric focusing immunoassay to show that the di-phosphorylated isoform of ERK2 was decreased. Our results highlight the potential of high-throughput siRNA screens to identify rational drug combination strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-74.
Black and Asian nurses in the NHS report harassment
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Many black and Asian nurses in the NHS suffer racial harassment from patients and colleagues and many feel that they are discriminated against, according to a report from the independent Policy Studies Institute. Eight per cent of NHS nursing and midwifery staff are from ethnic minority groups, and although the report, Nursing in a Multi-ethnic NHS, found that most NHS employers had formal equal opportunities in place, they were not fully implemented.

The book is based on case studies of six NHS employers and 150 interviews and a nationally representative postal survey of over 14000 staff. Nurses said that they did not think that managers were doing enough to deal with harassment …
Health Care Professionals and Fear of AIDS
Authors: Guttorm Brattebø
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  The article of Gerbert and colleagues 1 discussing the problem of health care workers and fear of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the December 16, 1988 issue of JAMA deserves some comments.  The authors doubt that latex gloves are effective in preventing transmission of blood-borne infections, and they claim that accidents in infection control receive little attention. This is not correct. Numerous articles 2,3 have been published regarding the value of double gloving in surgery, and it seems that this practice can significantly reduce accidental blood contact during surgical procedures.  As far as we know, few health care workers have become infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during surgery, and the volume of publications on the HIV risk of health care workers is large. The risk for seroconversion after accidents is in fact emphasized rather than ignored; indeed, the Centers for Disease Control regularly publishes information on this
Chronic Bronchitis and Antibiotics
Authors: JEROME E. CARBONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1983Chronic Bronchitis and AntibioticsJEROME E. CARBONE, M.D.JEROME E. CARBONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-109_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I hoped that the article by Nicotra and colleagues (1) would help to clarify the use of antibiotics in treating acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. My hopes were not met.The major shortcoming of the study is that it failed to show that the placebo group and the tetracycline group received otherwise similar therapy. The report did not mention serum theophylline levels, inhaled bronchodilator regimens, or corticosteroid doses. The authors should have rigidly controlled the therapeutic regimens to assure comparability between the two groups. Failing this, a retrospective analysis would have permitted the reader to assess whether...Reference1. NICOTRARIVERAAWE MMR. Antibiotic therapy of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:18-21. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1983Volume 98, Issue 1Page: 109-109KeywordsAntibioticsChronic bronchitisInhaled bronchodilatorTetracyclines Issue Published: 1 January 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Intrapulmonary Shunting Associated With Cirrhosis: Incidental Diagnosis by Perfusion Lung Scan
Authors: BRIAN L. ANDERSEN, LEONIE GORDON, MARIA G. BUSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Intrapulmonary shunting was recognized during radionuclide lung perfusion scintigraphy performed to exclude the possible presence of pulmonary emboli in a 55-year-old cirrhotic patient. Cirrhosis of the liver needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis when a perfusion lung scan detects intrapulmonary shunting. An estimate of the degree of shunting can be obtained with equipment available in most nuclear medicine departments.
Open access echocardiography in management of heart failure in the community
Authors: C M Francis, L Caruana, P Kearney, M Love, G R Sutherland, I R Starkey, T R D Shaw, J J V McMurray
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the value of an open access echocardiography service. <b>Design</b>: Study of new open access service for general practitioners, who were invited to refer patients taking diuretics for suspected heart failure, untreated patients with symptoms of possible heart failure, and asymptomatic patients with risk factors for left ventricular systolic dysfunction. <b>Setting</b>: Regional cardiology centre. <b>Subjects</b>: 259 consecutive patients. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Presence or absence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and consequent changes in clinical management. <b>Results</b>: 119 treated patients, 99 untreated patients, and nine asymptomatic patients were referred over five months. 32 were considered to be inappropriately referred. Among the treated patients, 31 had impaired left ventricular systolic function and five had valvular disease; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were recommended for 34 of these patients. In addition, 53 were thought not to need diuretics. Eight untreated patients had impaired systolic function and six valvular disease. <b>Conclusions</b>: The service was well used by general practitioners and led to advice to change management in more than two thirds of patients. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Without accurate diagnosis many patients will be treated inappropriately Echocardiography allows rapid confirmation of the diagnosis Providing general practitioners with open access to echocardiography led to a change in treatment being recommended for 70% of patients taking diuretics for suspected heart failure The open access service was popular with general practitioners and did not lead to an unmanageable increase in workload
REACTION TO BUNAMIODYL
Authors: Carroll F. Tatum
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to comment on the article, "Cholecystography with Bunamiodyl," by Meszaros and Rich inThe Journal, April 23, page 1884. I have been using bunamiodyl (Orabilex) in this hospital for the last six months. The prescribed dosage has been adhered to, and the examinations are often combined with those of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In 111 examinations made with bunamiodye only one patient has had diarrhea, one has had dysuria, and five patients have had a moderate urticaria over the extremities and neck. Bunamiodyl was used as a medium for gallbladder examinations of executives of a large company, and after 43 examinations I had to discontinue its use. There were five reactions: two patients had a severe esophageal spasm; one patient had a severe urticaria over the extremities and entire trunk; and two patients had a moderately severe urticaria over the extremities. These five patients
Functional alterations of liver innate immunity of mice with aging in response to CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide
Authors: Toshinobu Kawabata, Manabu Kinoshita, Akihito Inatsu, Yoshiko Habu, Hiroyuki Nakashima, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Shuhji Seki
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Immune functions of liver natural killer T (NKT) cells induced by the synthetic ligand alpha-galactosylceramide enhanced age-dependently; hepatic injury and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) induced by ligand-activated NKT cells were also enhanced. This study investigated how aging affects liver innate immunity after common bacteria DNA stimulation. Young (6 weeks) and old (50-60 weeks) C57BL/6 mice were injected with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), and the functions of liver leukocytes were assessed. A CpG-ODN injection into the old mice remarkably increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in Kupffer cells, and MODS and lethal shock were induced, both of which are rarely seen in young mice. Old Kupffer cells showed increased Toll-like receptor-9 expression, and CpG-ODN challenge augmented TNF receptor and Fas-L expression in liver NKT cells. Experiments using mice depleted of natural killer (NK) cells by anti-asialoGM1 antibody (Ab), perforin knockout mice, and mice pretreated with neutralizing interferon (IFN)-gamma Ab demonstrated the important role of liver NK cells in antitumor immunity. The production capacities of old mice for IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, and perforin were much lower than those of young mice, and the CpG-induced antitumor cytotoxicity of liver NK cells lessened. Lethal shock and MODS greatly decreased in old mice depleted/deficient in TNF, FasL, or NKT cells. However, depletion of NK cells also decreased serum TNF levels and FasL expression of NKT cells, which resulted in improved hepatic injury and survival, suggesting that NK cells are indirectly involved in MODS/lethal shock induced by NKT cells. Neutralization of TNF did not reduce the CpG-induced antitumor effect in the liver.Hepatic injury and MODS mediated by NKT cells via the TNF and FasL-mediated pathway after CpG injection increased, but the antitumor activity of liver NK cells decreased with aging.
Modulation of interleukin-1 beta RNA in monocytic cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1.
Authors: K Yamato, Z el-Hajjaoui, K Simon, H P Koeffler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The effect of HIV-1 infection on cytokine levels was studied in monocytic cells by using Northern blotting analysis. Monoblasts (THP-1, U937) did not express IL-1 beta RNA even if the cells were infected with HIV-1. After exposure to LPS (10 micrograms/ml) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 100 nM) for 12 h, these HIV-1-infected monoblasts accumulated 8-15-fold greater levels of IL-1 beta RNA as compared with their HIV-1-uninfected counterparts that were similarly stimulated. In contrast, levels of RNAs coding for monocyte-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) were elevated less than twofold in the HIV-1-infected cells as compared with HIV-1-uninfected cells after their stimulation with LPS and TPA. Inhibition of new protein synthesis did not block the marked accumulation of IL-1 beta RNA produced by exposure to LPS and TPA in the HIV-1-infected cells. Time-course experiments showed that the maximal levels of IL-1 beta RNA occurred at 12 and 24 h after LPS and TPA stimulation of the HIV-1-infected and uninfected U937 cells, respectively. Studies of stability of RNA using actinomycin D showed that IL-1 beta RNA was equally stable in infected and uninfected U937 cells after their stimulation with TPA and LPS. Taken together, our data show that HIV-1 infection markedly augments IL-1 beta RNA accumulation in stimulated monocytic cells, probably through increasing rate of transcription of IL-1 beta.
The Vexing Problem of Hidden Incontinence
Authors: Rebecca G. Rogers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Pelvic-organ prolapse occurs when pelvic organs herniate toward or through the vaginal opening. It is common and costly. Each year, nearly 200,000 women undergo surgery for prolapse; approximately 30 percent of those women will have a second operation within four years.13 The demand for treatment for pelvic-organ prolapse and other related pelvic-floor disorders, such as urinary and anal incontinence, is projected to increase by 45 percent in the next 30 years.4 Given the substantial lifetime risk of repeated operations, surgical interventions are needed that have durable benefits and do not cause other problems.Women with symptomatic prolapse often report . . .
Afferent isn't efferent, and language isn't logic, either
Authors: Derek Bickerton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Hurford's argument suffers from two major weaknesses. First, his account of neural mechanisms suggests no place in the brain where the two halves of a predicate-argument structure could come together. Second, his assumption that language and cognition must be based on logic is neither necessary nor particularly plausible, and leads him to some unlikely conclusions.
Replacement of the Aortic Root in Patients with Marfan's Syndrome
Authors: Vincent L. Gott, Peter S. Greene, Diane E. Alejo, Duke E. Cameron, David C. Naftel, D. Craig Miller, A. Marc Gillinov, John C. Laschinger, Hans G. Borst, Christian E.A. Cabrol, Denton A. Cooley, Joseph S. Coselli, Tirone E. David, Randall B. Griepp, Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, Marko I. Turina, Reed E. Pyeritz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Replacement of the aortic root with a prosthetic graft and valve in patients with Marfan's syndrome may prevent premature death from rupture of an aneurysm or aortic dissection. We reviewed the results of this surgical procedure at 10 experienced surgical centers.
The Journals of Sylvia Plath
Authors: L. D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) left her mark as a poet who captured the disturbing imagery of her own time. In her diaries as well as her poetic and prose works are the anguished expressions of her periods of deep depression and the presages of her suicide. At age 30, when she committed suicide, she was at the height of her career and had just completed to her own great satisfaction an outstanding book of poetry,<i>Ariel</i>. She had been troubled by depression from her teens on with a suicide attempt at age 20, followed by a psychiatric hospitalization, electroconvulsive and insulin therapies, and several years of psychotherapy. Her suicide attempt on Aug 24, 1953, and psychiatric treatment are a basis for much of the content of<i>The Bell Jar</i>, a thinly fictionalized autobiographical novel. Her suicidal ruminations before the attempt, quite explicit in the journal entries, were apparently unnoticed even by
Clinical predictors of leg ulcer healing
Authors: C.J. Moffatt, D.C. Doherty, R. Smithdale, P.J. Franks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Identification of factors associated with healing can help in understanding the causes of delayed healing in chronic leg ulceration, and can allow for programmes to be developed to modify these factors to improve patient outcomes. Objectives To determine factors associated with healing in patients with chronic leg ulceration of all types within a defined patient population. Methods The patients were identified within the combined acute/community leg ulcer service within Wandsworth Primary Care Trust. All identified patients agreed to be interviewed and those who were able underwent clinical and noninvasive testing to determine the cause of the ulceration. Follow ups were to a maximum of 48 weeks, with time to healing given as the principal outcome measure. Analysis was by the Cox proportional hazards model for both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results were expressed as hazard ratio with 95% confidence intervals derived from the models. Results In total, 113 patients took part in this study. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences for delayed healing according to the ulcer duration (P = 0·002), complexity of the ulcer aetiology (P = 0·035), presence of lipodermatosclerosis (P = 0·02), history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (P = 0·03) and thrombophlebitis (P = 0·03). Multivariate analysis showed that ulcer duration (P = 0·014), DVT (P = 0·008) and a lack of Pseudomonas on wound swab (P = 0·005) were independently associated with delayed healing. Conclusions The results indicate the complexity of determining risk factors for poor healing in patients with chronic leg ulceration. There appears to be little scope for interventions to improve healing from the factors identified.
Human Congenital Malformations
Authors: F. T. de Dombal
Journal: BMJ (1975)

circumstances certain procedures are indi- cated.By itself it is an inadequate guide, but it should find a place in the library of any children's hospital.While there are many excellent parts, the book as a whole lacks cohesion and fails to convey the wholepatient approach, though many of the authors pay lip service to this ideal.
Reproducibility and Agreement of Pharyngeal Automated Impedance Manometry With Videofluoroscopy
Authors: Taher I. Omari, Athanasios Papathanasopoulos, Eddy Dejaeger, Lucas Wauters, Emidio Scarpellini, Rita Vos, Sarah Slootmaekers, Veerle Seghers, Liesbeth Cornelissen, Ann Goeleven, Jan Tack, Nathalie Rommel
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)