tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High grade malignant lymphoma with clinical characteristics and immunophenotype of natural killer cells
Authors: Boris Schleiffenbaum, R. Rüegg, D. Zimmermann, JÖRg Fehr
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract The malignant proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells which are morphologically characterized as large granular lymphocytes (LGL) is a well known clinical entity which was named after its morphological appearance as LGL‐leukemia/lymphoma. Similar to non‐malignant NK‐cells, these tumors can be divided into those which express the CD3‐T‐cell receptor complex and those which do not. The CD3‐positive type of LGL‐leukemia is immunophenotypologically characterized by the expression of CD16, and variably CD 56 and CD 57, and generally follows a more indolent course. In contrast, malignant proliferations of CD3‐negative LGL express either CD16 or CD 56, and only occasionally CD 57 on their cell surface. Clinically, CD3‐negative NK‐lymphomas tend to progress rapidly. We report here the case of a high grade malignant lymphoma which was characterized by an immunophenotype typical for CD3‐negative NK‐cells (CD2+, CD3−, CD16+, CD56(+), CD57−). The disease proved to be rapidly fatal despite aggressive chemotherapy. Interestingly, the patient suffered from a high turn over pancytopenia, which also characterizes NK‐cell leukemias/lymphomas of the LGL‐type. However, our patient's lymphatic cells appeared highly immature, and cytoplasmic granules, characteristic for LGL‐cells, could not be discerned either microscopically or electronmicroscopically. Furthermore, the malignant lymphatic population had the T‐cell receptor α‐chain rearranged. We therefore concluded that our patient might have suffered from a malignant proliferation of a putative precursor cell intermediate between T‐cells and NK‐cells. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Competence in children has a Scottish twist
Authors: Mark J Sterrick
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The article by Wheeler on Gillick provided an interesting comparison of the Gillick and Fraser tests.1 However, the piece gives the impression that it was written to address the law as it is in the United Kingdom: “In Britain people describe the assessment of competence” (first paragraph), and “In UK law a person's 18th birthday draws the line between childhood and adulthood” …
Immune heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia resulting from preceding exposure to heparin catheter flushes
Authors: Alaa A. Muslimani, Basma Ricaurte, Hamed A. Daw
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Immune heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life‐threatening adverse effect of heparin. It can result from any type of heparin exposure and by any route of administration; however only a few cases are reported after exposures to small quantities of heparin from catheter flushes. The major clinical problem associated with HIT is thrombosis. Early detection and institution of alternative, non‐heparin anticoagulation are important. We report a patient with HIT associated with use of therapeutic‐dose unfractionated heparin in whom immune sensitization to heparin was triggered by two 500‐unit exposure to UFH associated with intravascular catheter flushing for antineoplastic chemotherapy in a patient with colon adenocarcinoma. Am. J. Hematol. 82: 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Molecular Map of T Cell Development
Authors: Derek B Sant’Angelo, Bruno Lucas, P.Greg Waterbury, Beth Cohen, Thea Brabb, Joan Goverman, Ronald N Germain, Charles A Janeway
Journal: Immunity (1998)

Using a sensitive molecular marker for positive selection, the appearance of a particular functional TCR α chain sequence in cells from mice bearing a transgenic β chain, we address several aspects of intrathymic T cell development. First, by examining specific TCR prior to and after maturation, we demonstrate how a restricted TCR repertoire is positively selected from a highly diverse immature TCR repertoire. Second, since this molecular marker is enriched in cells progressing toward the CD4 lineage and depleted in cells progressing toward the CD8 lineage, a map of the developmental pathway of αβ thymocytes can be inferred. Third, the first cells that show clear signs of positive intrathymic selection are identified.
Diet Modification and the Development of New Food Products
Authors: ROBERT G. BURSEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The development of new food products to meet the needs of the 20th century American consumer offers a greater challenge to the innovativeness of the food industry scientist than ever before. The sequence of activities that leads to the introduction of a successful new food product into today's highly competitive marketplace has its beginnings and foundation in extensive and ongoing market research. This research elicits and defines the changing consumer needs and wants. The relation of diet to health is but one of many factors that influence food purchase decisions and, thus, the stimulus for developing new food products. In addition, the extent to which existing food products may be modified or new foods developed to meet dietary goals is subject to technologic and regulatory constraints. A commitment to ethical and responsible marketing strategies is essential to the evolution of food products for special dietary needs. Despite these complex restraints, many food products with altered nutrient or ingredient composition are currently available to consumers and others enter the marketplace each year.
The Kerr Symballophone
Authors: M. J. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  It was most interesting to read Dr. Leon Horowitz's letter to the Editor (JAMA192: 919 [June 7] 1965). The type of stethoscope illustrated had been described by Alison in 1859 and Nicolai in 1936. This type of instrument cannot lateralize sound since lateralization requires a difference in the time of arrival of the sound waves that reach the tympanic membranes of the two ears. For this reason, Dr. William J. Kerr devised the Symballophone (Amer Heart J14:594, 1937). It was my privilege to have worked with Dr. Kerr on this project and I have routinely used the Symballophone for the past 28 years.
The Renal Scan
Authors: Howard I. Keller, John P. Malloy, Gerald F. Sauer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE RENAL SCAN utilizing chloromerodrin Hg 203 (Neohydrin) has recently been utilized in the diagnosis of renal artery disease,<sup>1,2</sup>space occupying lesions of the kidney,<sup>1</sup>and localization of functioning renal tissue prior to urological surgery.<sup>3</sup>Mercury has been shown<sup>4</sup>to be rapidly taken up by the renal cortex and then temporarily fixed within the tubular cells. The scintillation detector then can be used to locate and map functioning renal tissue. Since the resulting scan is a spatial image of the kidneys in relationship to the topographical anatomy, it would appear to be valuable in locating the kidneys for renal biopsy. Recently, there has been reported<sup>5</sup>a method utilizing the portable scintillation detector with chloromerodrin Hg 203 for locating the site of renal biopsy. We have been employing the renal scan routinely for determining the biopsy site. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate an
Health department considers how to make NHS more independent
Authors: Nicholas Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Proposals to create an “NHS headquarters” or a “management executive” in England's Department of Health are being drawn up by David Nicholson, the health service's chief executive.

The move could be the first step towards the creation of a more independent board to run the NHS—with the aim of reducing the day to day involvement of politicians in what by next year will be a £90bn (€130bn; $180bn) business.

It comes as Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer, has been reported to be interested in creating an independent board as one of his first acts as prime minister, assuming he becomes so. The Conservatives, under David …
An oily, sustained counter-regulatory response to TB
Authors: C. L. Karp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Lipoxins are potent antiinflammatory lipid mediators that restrain and promote the resolution of a wide variety of inflammatory processes. Recent studies implicating deficient lipoxin production in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory diseases, along with numerous reports of the beneficial effects of lipoxin analog administration in animal models of inflammatory pathology, have suggested that harnessing the pleiotropic activities of the lipoxins is a strategy with considerable therapeutic promise. In this issue of the JCI, Bafica et al. address the other side of the coin, reporting that endogenous lipoxins compromise immune-mediated control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. In addition to providing novel insight into the mechanisms that interfere with the development of protective immune responses to M. tuberculosis, the study raises the possibility that pharmacological inhibition of lipoxin synthesis may provide a method of augmenting inefficient immune responses in TB and other important chronic infectious diseases.
Abstract P6-04-02: Final progression-free survival analysis of BOLERO-2: a phase III trial of everolimus for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer
Authors: M Piccart, J Baselga, S Noguchi, H Burris, M Gnant, G Hortobagyi, P Mukhopadhyay, T Taran, T Sahmoud, H Rugo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Treatment options for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) who relapse or progress on a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI) are limited. Interim analyses of the BOLERO-2 trial demonstrated that combining the oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, everolimus (EVE), with the steroidal aromatase inhibitor, exemestane (EXE), significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in this patient population. Protocol-specified final PFS analyses are presented. Methods: The phase III, double-blind, BOLERO-2 trial randomized postmenopausal women with HR+ BC progressing or recurring after NSAIs to EVE (10 mg once daily; n = 485) plus EXE (25 mg once daily) or placebo (PBO; n = 239) plus EXE. The primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, safety, bone turnover, and overall response rate. Results: At a median follow-up of 18 months, 510 PFS events were reported. The addition of EVE to EXE significantly prolonged median PFS versus EXE monotherapy as per local assessment (7.8 vs 3.2 mo, respectively; HR = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.38–0.54]; log-rank P &amp;lt; .0001). Furthermore, these data were consistent with results based on central assessment (11.0 mo for EVE + EXE vs 4.1 mo for EXE alone; HR = 0.38 [95% CI, 0.31–0.48]; log-rank P &amp;lt; .0001). Fewer deaths were reported with EVE + EXE (25.4%) vs PBO + EXE (32.2%). In addition to significantly improving PFS and delaying disease progression in bone, PFS benefits with EVE + EXE versus PBO + EXE were consistent in all prospectively defined subgroups, including subsets of patients with visceral metastases (n = 406), 3 or more sites of metastasis (n = 271), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 1 or 2 (n = 274). The safety profile of EVE + EXE was consistent with that reported at the interim analysis and with data for EVE from other oncology settings. Updated overall survival data will be presented. Conclusions: Adding EVE to EXE markedly prolonged PFS in the overall population and in all patient subsets, validating the rationale of targeting the mTOR pathway to improve clinical outcome in patients with HR+ advanced BC progressing during or after NSAI therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-02.
Methionine Loading, Vitamin B_6 Status, and Premature Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Armando D'Angelo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 September 1996Methionine Loading, Vitamin B6 Status, and Premature Thromboembolic DiseaseArmando D'Angelo, MD, Isabella Fermo, PhD, and Silvana Vigano'D'Angelo, MDArmando D'Angelo, MDIstituto Scientifico H. S. Raffaele, 20132 Milano, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, Isabella Fermo, PhDIstituto Scientifico H. S. Raffaele, 20132 Milano, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, and Silvana Vigano'D'Angelo, MDIstituto Scientifico H. S. Raffaele, 20132 Milano, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As suggested by Dr. Bostom, we reevaluated the PML total homocysteine data in our patients as the net increase above fasting levels (change in PML). Determinations of PML total homocysteine levels were available in 19 of the 23 hyperhomocysteinemic patients, 10 with normal and 9 with elevated fasting total homocysteine levels (14.3 ± 3.2 µmol/L compared with 36 ± 25.6 µmol/L; P = 0.001; Mann-Whitney rank test). Change in PML was 40.5 ± 6.8 µmol/L in patients with normal fasting homocysteine levels and 34.1 ± 21.1 µmol/L in those with elevated levels (P = 0.061). Changes in PML ...References1. De Franchis R, Mancini FP, D'Angelo A, Sebastio G, Fermo I, De Stefano V, et al. Elevated total plasma homocysteine (tHCy) and 677C→T mutation of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in thrombotic vascular disease. Am J Hum Genet. [In press.] Google Scholar2. Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, Goyette P, Sheppard CA, Matthews RG, et al. A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nature Genetics. 1995; 10:111-3. Google Scholar3. Boushey CJ, Beresford SA, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. JAMA. 1995; 274:1049-57. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Armando D'Angelo, MD; Isabella Fermo, PhD; Silvana Vigano'D'Angelo, MDAffiliations: Istituto Scientifico H. S. Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRelationship Between Homocysteine and Thrombotic DiseaseHomocysteine and Thrombotic DiseaseHomocysteine and Thrombotic Disease 1 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 5Page: 419-420KeywordsCongenital disordersFolic acidHomozygosityMethioninePathogensVascular diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Hospital Nursery as a Source of Staphylococcal Disease among Families of Newborn Infants
Authors: Valerie Hurst, Moses Grossman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

NUMEROUS studies have demonstrated that the newborn infant who acquires a pathogenic staphylococcus in the hospital nursery may retain it asymptomatically for many months, may experience recurrent disease or may initiate disease within the family. Although several studies have assessed the incidence of disease among infants and mothers within the first few months, quantification of the risk to the entire family over a long period has seldom been attempted.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 About sixteen months after an antibiotic-resistant Type 80/81 staphylococcus caused an outbreak of impetigo in our nursery, we undertook to determine to what extent the strain still persisted among the infants . . .
Population screening for haemochromatosis
Authors: P C ADAMS
Journal: Gut (2000)

Results of many studies from around the world have revealed that haemochromatosis is the most prevalent genetic disease in people of European descent. However, it continues to be regarded as an uncommon disease by many physicians and is not listed as a common cause of death. The gene for haemochromatosis was discovered in 1996 and most typical patients are homozygous for the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene.1 Studies using genetic testing have estimated the prevalence to be in the 1:188 to 1:327 range (table1).2-5 The two most likely explanations for the apparent discrepancy between prevalence studies of haemochromatosis and the clinical impression are: ( a ) the failure to consider the diagnosis and to order the appropriate diagnostic tests (underdiagnosis) and ( b ) absence of iron overload and clinical disease in patients homozygous for the haemochromatosis gene (incomplete penetrance).

View this table:

Table 1 
Prevalence of haemochromatosis in screening studies using genotyping and phenotyping



The percentage of C282Y homozygotes with iron overload as defined by an increased serum ferritin in population screening studies has ranged from 19% (blood donors) to 75% in the general population (table 1). However, an elevated serum ferritin is not synonymous with the inevitable progression of the disease to cirrhosis, diabetes, heart disease, and other haemochromatosis related morbidity. In a study of patients with haemochromatosis from our hospital, treated at the time of diagnosis and followed over a 30 year period, 43% of men and 28% of women developed life threatening complications.6 This is likely to be an overestimate of the morbidity of haemochromatosis because of a referral bias. A major impediment in the implementation of population screening for haemochromatosis has been this uncertainty about the burden of disease and the natural history of disease in an asymptomatic C282Y homozygote detected by screening. The unique design of the …
Vaccinia in a professional boxer.
Authors: D. D. Cowen
Journal: BMJ (1968)

member) was not in fact transferred from organism to organism.R factors carrying resistance to as many as six antibiotics (in- cluding streptomycin, neomycin, and sulphonamide) could, however, be transferred between species as well as between individual strains.R factor transference seems at the moment to be confined to enteric bacteria (shigella, Escherichia coli, salmonella), and the importance of having an antibiotic such as colistin sulphate, specific against such groups of organisms, is self-evident.-Iam, etc.,
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF TYPHUS FEVER: OBSERVATIONS ON SOME 2,000 CASES IN A PRISON CAMP IN GERMANY
Authors: P. C. T. Davy, A. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1915)

WE were captured on August 26th and 27tl, 1914, and were kept in various prisons witlh otlher Britislh officers, -without being employed in our medical capacity, until Februa.y,11th..On this clate we were sent to Gardeleacn, and made ouLir first ac(uaintance with a Krieg8gefangcn Lager for non-
Failing of left ventricular β adrenergic affinity in a canine model of obesity-hypertension
Authors: P. Cabrol, M. Gallnier, J. Fourcade, P. Léger, J.L. Montastruc, J.P. Bounhoure, J.M. Fauvel, J.M. Sénard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
In situ dissection of the graft-versus-host activities of cytotoxic T cells specific for minor histocompatibility antigens
Authors: Anne M. Dickinson, Xiao-Nong Wang, Lisbet Sviland, Florry A. Vyth-Dreese, Graham H. Jackson, Ton N.M. Schumacher, John B.A.G. Haanen, Tuna Mutis, Els Goulmy
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
1158-56 Effects of wine, beer, and whisky on vascular endothelium and thrombosis fibrinolysis system
Authors: Ioannis Ntarladimas, Dimitris M Tousoulis, Charalambos A Antoniades, Costas Tentolouris, Costas Tsioufis, Stella Brilli, Demosthens Panagiotakos, Christina Chrysochoou, Christos Pitsavos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Using Human Disease Outbreaks as a Guide to Multilevel Ecosystem Interventions
Authors: Angus Cook, Andrew Jardine, Philip Weinstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Human health often depends on environmental variables and is generally subject to widespread and comprehensive surveillance. Compared with other available measures of ecosystem health, human disease incidence may be one of the most useful and practical bioindicators for the often elusive gauge of ecologic well-being. We argue that many subtle ecosystem disruptions are often identified only as a result of detailed epidemiologic investigations after an anomalous increase in human disease incidence detected by routine surveillance mechanisms. Incidence rates for vector-mediated diseases (e.g., arboviral illnesses) and direct zoonoses (e.g., hantaviruses) are particularly appropriate as bioindicators to identify underlying ecosystem disturbances. Outbreak data not only have the potential to act as a pivotal warning system for ecosystem disruption, but may also be used to identify interventions for the preservation of ecologic health. With this approach, appropriate ecologically based strategies for remediation can be introduced at an earlier stage than would be possible based solely on environmental monitoring, thereby reducing the level of "ecosystem distress" as well as resultant disease burden in humans. This concept is discussed using local, regional, and global examples, thereby introducing the concept of multilevel ecosystem interventions. Key words: bioindicators, disease control, disease outbreaks, ecologic management, ecosystem health, surveillance.
The Role of Gallium and Bone Scintigraphy in Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: ALLEN J. COHEN, PHILIP BRAUNSTEIN, MARILYN J. PAIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The osseous lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis may be detected by bone but not by gallium scintigraphy or vice versa. This case emphasizes the need for performing both bone and gallium scans to avoid missing potentially serious bone lesions.
Dial-The-Computer Program A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In Los Angeles, when you are about to jump off the roof of a tall building, you can first get on the dial-a-psychiatrist line, provided there is a telephone extension on the roof, and ask, "What do I do next?" In Bloomington we have also Dial-a-Home, Dial-a-Movie, Dial-a-Prayer, Dial-a-Stock, Dial-a-Unity Blessing, and Dial-a-Unity Thought, the last two being separate units. How much simpler it would be to have a single Dial-the-Computer service which handled all problems! We also have a Dial-a-Saint number which is the same as the Dial-a-Movie number. This is confusing, making me fearful of the result, not of getting a wrong number, but of getting a right one. A computer should be able to take care of these problems. Please do not think this a jest. In 15 cities of the United States the Dial-a-Dietitian program is in full swing (<i>J Amer Diet Assoc</i>
Breast Carcinoma in Children
Authors: Robert W. McDivitt
Journal: JAMA (1966)

CARCINOMA of the breast in children is infrequently reported. In 1917, Levings<sup>1</sup>published a case in a 12-year-old girl; in 1940, Sears and Schlesinger<sup>2</sup>reported one in a 10-year-old girl. Other single case reports include that of Puente and Ramirez,<sup>3</sup>Simmons,<sup>4</sup>and the unique instance of a 6-year-old boy with a single axillary metastasis published by Hartman and Margish<sup>5</sup>in 1955. To our knowledge a series of such cases giving comparative morphology and natural history as modified by various forms of therapy has not been reported. The present paper is based on the study of seven cases of breast carcinoma in young children that have come to our attention by way of consultation material sent to the Pathology Department at Memorial Hospital during the past 15 years. Because of the nature of this consultation practice, it is impossible to ascertain from how large a group