tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Areolar-Cutaneous “Junction” Injections to Augment Sentinel Node Count Activity
Authors: BORYS R. KRYNYCKYI, CHUN K. KIM, KARINA MOSCI, BORIS J. FEDORCIW, ZHUANG-YU ZHANG, HELENA LIPSZYC, JOSEF MACHAC
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Purpose The authors report on a modified lymphoscintigraphy protocol for increasing activity in the sentinel node (SN) through a specific technique (LymphoBoost). It consists of an areolar–cutaneous “junction” injection, using a very shallow, high-volume, high-specific-activity injection of 100% filtered Tc-99m sulfur colloid, as an adjunct to their standard protocol. Materials and Methods Results from a previously optimized protocol (group 1, n = 28) were compared with those from their new protocol (group 2, n = 85), which consisted of two sets of consecutively applied (within 12 to 20 minutes) injections: group 2A composed of perilesional and intradermal injections (similar to the previous group 1) followed by group 2B LymphoBoost injections within 12 to 20 minutes in the same patients. Regions of interest were drawn around the SN and the injection sites (IS) at the end of the studies to calculate the end-of-study SN:IS ratio for both group 1 and group 2 studies. The SN:IS ratio is generally independent of dose and is a measurement of the “efficiency” of getting activity from the IS to the SN. Results The mean SN:IS ratio in group 2 was 3.34 times greater than that in group 1 studies (P < 0.0005). The median SN:IS ratio was 3.53 times greater in the group 2 studies. Many cases showed a dramatic increase in SN counts before the LymphoBoost injection was even completed, with more than 5% of injected activity reaching nodes at the end of the study in some patients. Multiple different lymphatic pathways were noted, but all led to the same node(s). No significant disagreement between group 2A and group 2B results was noted. Conclusions Areolar–cutaneous junction injections, performed under these conditions, augment SN activity dramatically in most patients. Hotter nodes provide several benefits, especially when next-day surgery is contemplated, and should also reduce the extent of dissection needed to remove the sentinel node.
Lead poisoning from an unexpected source in a 4-month-old infant.
Authors: M Shannon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Childhood lead poisoning is characteristically a disease that occurs between the second and third years of life, generally resulting from the child's ingestion of lead-based paint or dust. However, lead poisoning may also appear in the first year of life. The case of a 4-month-old infant is reported in which the preparation of infant formula in a lead-soldered samovar (urn) resulted in venous blood lead levels as high as 46 microg/dl. The samovar had been brought into the United States by the parents while on a visit to Iran. The infant was placed on chelation therapy with parenteral CaNa2EDTA followed by oral meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and d-penicillamine. This resulted in a rapid and substantial reduction in the blood lead level. Lead poisoning in infancy may have unusual etiologies such as in utero transmission of lead by lead-poisoned women. Because sources of lead poisoning in infancy may be unusual, a detailed environmental investigation may be necessary to identify the exact source. Children exposed to lead in the first 2 years of life have a special vulnerability to the neurotoxicity of lead, with the risk of enduring developmental handicaps. Continued public health initiatives to remove lead from the environment, in conjunction with routine lead screening of young children, will be key in meeting the goal of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to eliminate childhood lead poisoning by the year 2011.
Treatment of onychomycosis with terbinafine in patients with Down's syndrome
Authors: P. J. Velthuis, M. Nijenhuis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Treatment of onychomycosis with terbinafine in patients with Down's syndrome Get access P. J. Velthuis, P. J. Velthuis Department of Dermatology St Anna Hospital, Geldrop, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Nijenhuis M. Nijenhuis The Institute for the Intellectually Disabled St Anna, Heel, PO Box 90, 5660 AB Geldrop the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 1, 1 July 1995, Pages 144–146, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02513.x Published: 01 July 1995
Long-term results after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.
Authors: B W McCrindle, J S Kan
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The objective of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of patients after percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) treatment of congenital pulmonary valve stenosis.This study represents a case series with duration (mean +/- SD) of follow-up of 4.6 +/- 1.9 years. Forty-six patients with a median age of 4.6 years (range, 3 months to 56 years) had BPV at one academic institution between June 1981 and December 1986. Mean peak systolic pressure gradients from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery were as follows: before BPV, 70 +/- 36 mm Hg; immediately after BPV, 23 +/- 14 mm Hg; at intermediate follow-up by cardiac catheterization or Doppler echocardiography at less than 2 years after BPV, 23 +/- 16 mm Hg (n = 33); and at long-term follow-up by Doppler at more than 2 years after BPV, 20 +/- 13 mm Hg (n = 42). BPV acutely reduced the gradient to less than 36 mm Hg for 41 of 46 (89%) patients. Available gradients at long-term follow-up were less than 36 mm Hg for 36 of 42 (86%) patients without additional procedures. A patient age of less than 2 years at the initial BPV was a significant risk factor for gradients over 36 mm Hg at follow-up.BPV provides long-term relief of pulmonary valvular obstruction in the majority of patients. Close follow-up of patients who require BPV at less than 2 years of age is warranted.
A FILTERABLE VIRUS INFECTION OF RABBITS
Authors: C. H. Andrewes, C. Philip Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

1. In two, and possibly four, of six transmission series of rabbits inoculated in the beginning with the blood of apparently normal rabbits a virus was recovered having the same properties as that recovered from series originally inoculated with material from rheumatic fever patients. The virus was immunologically identical with Rivers-Tillett Virus III and with that obtained from the rheumatic fever series. In conducting the control series precautions were taken to prevent infection of rabbit stock from known sources of the virus. 2. Treating rabbits with benzene does not appreciably increase their susceptibility to infection with the virus. 3. The virus is probably a parasite of the domestic rabbit but up to the present time the natural course of the infection in that animal is unknown.
5. Appropriateness of Gastroscopy: Bleeding and Dysphagia 1
Authors: V. de Bosset*, J.-J. Gonvers*, F. Froehlich*, R. W. Dubois***, B. Burnand**, J.-P. Vader**
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Within the framework of a European Union concerted action, we convened a European expert panel to consider the appropriateness of gastrointestinal endoscopy in a wide variety of clinical situations [1]. One of the areas where the appropriateness of endoscopy was examined was an array of symptoms often evoking suspicion of serious disease. Under the heading of alarm symptoms, the following situations were considered by the expert panel: upper GI bleeding, dysphagia, odynophagia and unexplained weight loss.
Height of primary school children and parents' perceptions of food intolerance
Authors: C. E Price, R. J Rona, S. Chinn
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In the national study of health and growth parents9 responses to a self completed questionnaire were used to categorise children according to their experience of food intolerance. The heights of the children in each group were then compared. Useful responses to the questions on food intolerance were received for 6813 (85%) children in the sample and measurements of height obtained for 7856 (98%). Children with food intolerance were shorter than other children. A difference in height of about 1·5 cm remained after adjusting for social and biological factors and some common symptoms in childhood using multiple regression. The number of different types of food avoided was associated with shortness in the food intolerant group but not in the non-food-intolerant group. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, these findings suggest that parents9 complaints of food intolerance in their children should be taken seriously.
Effect of CYP3A5*3 on asthma control among children treated with inhaled beclomethasone
Authors: Chris Stockmann, Christopher A. Reilly, Bernhard Fassl, Roger Gaedigk, Flory Nkoy, Bryan Stone, Jessica K. Roberts, Derek A. Uchida, J. Steven Leeder, Catherine M.T. Sherwin, Michael G. Spigarelli, Garold S. Yost, Robert M. Ward
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Evidence for the essential role of Helicobacter pylori in gastric ulcer disease.
Authors: J Labenz, G Borsch
Journal: Gut (1994)

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication heals chronic active type B gastritis and dramatically changes the natural history of duodenal ulcer disease. There are few data concerning the role of anti-H pylori treatment in gastric ulcer disease. A total of 83 patients presenting with H pylori positive active gastric ulcer disease were treated with omeprazole and antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, roxithromycin) in seven different clinical protocols, each of which included the attempt to eradicate H pylori infection and to evaluate the post-therapeutic course of ulcer disease. The overall proportion of H pylori eradication was 67.9% (53 of 78 patients available for follow up). Best results were obtained with two week treatment regimens comprising omeprazole 20 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 500 mg four times a day or 1000 mg twice daily (eradication &gt; 80%). Eradication of H pylori speeds up ulcer healing, with a six week healing rate of 84.9% compared with 60% in patients with persistent H pylori infection (p = 0.0148). In a subgroup of 11 patients with refractory ulcers, H pylori eradication (n = 10) was associated with ulcer healing on continued acid suppression in nine cases. One male patient with chronic antral ulcer did not respond to treatment within the next six months (H pylori and ulcer persistence), and in one female patient a resistant body ulcer was identified as gastric lymphoma. Fifty patients with healed ulcers were followed up for one year. Patients with (n = 32) and without (n = 18) bacterial eradication had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. H pylori eradication was associated with a statistically significant reduction of ulcer recurrences (3.1 v 55.6%, p&lt;0.001). This study concludes that H pylori eradication considerably changes the natural history of H pylori associated gastric ulcer disease. In addition, H pylori eradication speeds up ulcers healing and is associated with healing of previously refractory ulcers. Thus, treatment aimed at bacterial eradication should be considered in all patients with gastric ulcers severe enough to contemplate further treatment options.
Personal Impressions of Koch's Treatment at Berlin, with Early Notes of Cases Treated in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
Authors: R. W. Philip
Journal: BMJ (1890)

had been heard was somewhat increased, and the crepitant rales had become much louder, coarser and moister.In another case in which I injected 2 milligrammes, the patient had only just had a severe attack of heemoptysis, and it was thought by some that the injection might provoke further htemorrhage; but, on the contrary, the expectoration became freer and more mucous, and without any appearance of fresh bleeding.Nothing to me is more remarkable in connection with this treatment than the feeling of subjective amelioration which so constantly followt these strong reactions in cases of advanced disease.......Belap8ea.-Finally,there is the question of relap3es.I suppose there is no doubt that cases of lupus have already relapsed, but this, it seems to me, was to be anticipated.It is too much to ex- pect that with one course of treatment extending over a few weeks only, a disease like tubercle is to be wholly eradicated from the body.Koch himself appears to have expected that relapses would occur, and that a reapplication of the treatment would be in many cases needed.
A Clinical Lecture ON SOME CASES SIMULATING ACUTE APPENDICITIS: Delivered at University College Hospital
Authors: A. E. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1903)

THE case before you is one of those which remind us in a way that to my mind is most salutary of the difficulties often met with indiagnosing appendicitis.I venture to think that a feeling is growing up rather too widely that affections of the vermiform appendix are on the whole very easy to diagnose.But I do not think that this is the view held by those who have had the largest experience.These affections may in many cases be easily recognized, yet one has only to look back through any long series of them to see in how many cases they have been simulated by other intra-abdominal conditions.I propose now to ask any or all of you who have seen difficult cases where the diagnosis of epityphlitis was either doubtful or actually incorrect to mention them, and I will write them down on the board, and I think you will find that the resulting list will be a long one.I know that you have recently had opportunities of seeing several such cases, and I will, if necessary, suggest to you others which you may have forgotten or missed.Besides this, Ishall add other cases, either from hospital or other practice, which I have had to operate on and which have impressed me much.In the constant succession of appendix cases occurring here it is probable that I have mentioned these cases before, but to allude to them again and write them down in our list will not be unprofitable.Now let us see what we have got from the various gentle- men round the bed, incluting myself.The list of conditions which have closely simulated appendicitis, you see, is a long one, and yet I have not written up a single one which has not been seen by either you or myself, and which has not been particularly embarrassing to the diagnosis.Our list stands thus: I. Ruptured pyosalpinx.'2. Ovarian cyst strangled by twistedlpedicle.3. Twist and strangulation of omentuin.4. Perforated gastric ulcer. 5. Retrocaecal hernia. 6. Broken-down caseating glands.7. Ileocaecal cancer with abscess.S. Haematoma of broad ligament.9. Reduction 9f hernia en masse.Io.Intussusception.As to the first on the list, you have had several oppor- tunities lately of realizing how very difficult it is to dis- tinguish between a pyosalpinx with localized peritonitis and an inflammation starting in the vermiform appendix.I recall one, not long ago, which I was asked to see in the medical wards.The woman had been sent in as a case of
Fire Risks for the Elderly
Authors: M. Insley, A. J. Essex-Cater
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Fire Risks for the Elderly Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Foreign Body Ingestion: Review and Suggested Guidelines for Management
Authors: Cynthia Henderson, J. Engel, P. Schlesinger
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Eighty percent of ingested foreign bodies which reach to stomach will pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. The remainer may cause obstruction, perforation or hemorrhage. The risk of complications is increased with long sharp metal objects and animal bones, and may be higher in patients with adhesions due to prior abdominal surgery. Pre-existing intestinal disease such as Crohn's or intestinal stenosis may predispose to complications. The use of overtubes has made endoscopic removal of sharp objects safer. In patients at increased risk for complications, we recommend early endoscopic retrieval of ingested foreign objects.
A RIB PERIOSTEAL STRIPPER AND RASPATORY FOR EXTRAPLEURAL THORACOPLASTY
Authors: Ralph C. Matson
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The operating time of multiple rib resections for the purpose of collapsing the chest wall in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis or chronic pulmonary suppuration should be reduced to the minimum consistent with thoroughness. The most time-consuming part of a thoracoplasty is preparing the rib for subperiosteal resection. It follows that the fewer the instruments required and the fewer necessary manipulations of them, the quicker the act will be accomplished. Separation of the periosteum from the outer flat surface of the rib with the usual periosteal elevator or gauze sponge is as a rule rapidly done. But separating the periosteum along the inner surface and at the upper and lower borders of the rib at the attachments of the intercostal muscles is tedious, particularly if there has been some periostitis secondary to pleurisy. The Doyen raspatory is not practical. Because of the varying diameter of
CD40 and B cell antigen receptor dual triggering of resting B lymphocytes turns on a partial germinal center phenotype.
Authors: L Galibert, N Burdin, B de Saint-Vis, P Garrone, C Van Kooten, J Banchereau, F Rousset
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Phenotypic alterations occur when resting human B lymphocytes become germinal center (GC) cells. These include the induction of surface CD38, CD95 (FAS/APO-1), and carboxy-peptidase-M (CPM), a recently described GC marker. However, the factors that govern the in vivo induction of these surface molecules on B cells remain unknown. Here, we purified resting (CD38-) human B lymphocytes from tonsils in an attempt to establish culture conditions resulting in the induction of these three GC markers. We show that interferon (IFN) alpha or IFN-gamma, as well as antibodies against the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), could induce CD38 on resting B lymphocytes, a phenomenon further enhanced by CD40 stimulation. Concomitantly, CD95 was upregulated by CD40 ligation and, to a lesser extent, by IFN-gamma. By contrast, CPM expression could be upregulated only through BCR triggering. This CPM induction was specifically enhanced by CD19 or CD40 ligation. CD40 + BCR stimulation of resting B cells with CD40 ligand-transfected fibroblastic cells in the presence of cross-linked anti-BCR monoclonal antibodies resulted in the coexpression of CD38, CD95, and CPM. As GC cells, these cells also expressed CD71, CD80 (B7.1), and CD86 (B7.2), but not CD24. However, CD10+ or CD44- B cells could not be detected in these culture conditions, suggesting that yet other signals are required for the induction of these GC markers. Consistent with a GC phenotype, CD40 + BCR-stimulated cells exhibited reduced viability when cultured for 20 h in the absence of stimulus. These results first demonstrate that cotriggering of resting B cells through BCR and CD40 induces both phenotypic and functional GC features. They also show that IFN and CD19 triggering of resting B cells specifically modulate the expression of GC markers.
Renal Effects of Nitric Oxide in Endotoxemia
Authors: RUBIN I. COHEN, ANNE-MARIE HASSELL, KAMEL MARZOUK, CORRADO MARINI, SHU FANG LIU, STEVEN M. SCHARF
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) is postulated to play a key role in the pathophysiology of renal failure in sepsis. Whether the renal effects of increased NO are beneficial or harmful remains unclear. In a porcine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock, we evaluated the effect of LPS on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF). We then administered the nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N G-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), and compared its effects on GFR and RBF with those of S-methylisothiourea (SMT), a selective NOS inhibitor, and those of saline. We postulated that SMT, by maintaining constitutive NO, would be more beneficial than either l-NAME or saline. LPS infusion decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP), and increased cardiac output, RBF, and medullary NO content. The increased RBF was diverted to the medulla. There was no evidence of renal dysfunction in the saline-resuscitated group. Both NOS inhibitors increased MAP but decreased RBF, but only l-NAME reduced GFR and increased sodium excretion and renal oxygen extraction. We conclude that NO in endotoxemia is beneficial because it maintains RBF and GFR. Additionally, selective NOS inhibition did not offer any advantages over saline resuscitation.
HIV Therapeutics: An Emerging Science
Authors: John A. Bartlett
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Between 1 and 2 million Americans are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).<sup>1</sup>Available evidence suggests that most, if not all, will ultimately develop the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within a projected mean of eight years after HIV acquistion.<sup>2</sup>Clearly, the need is great for HIV-directed therapy. Due to the ability of HIV to establish latent infection within cells, therapy must be considered as lifelong in duration with a "cure" unlikely in the near future. Therefore, the goals of therapy for now must be to improve the quality and quantity of life for persons with AIDS and to prevent disease progression in persons with AIDS-related complex (ARC) and asymptomatic HIV infection. Potential therapeutic agents for HIV infection must surmount major hurdles, including control of latent virus infection, central nervous system penetration, and the rapid development of viral variants. These agents are then administered to persons with ARC
Mechanisms of Resetting Reentrant Circuits in Canine Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Michael S. Hanna, James Coromilas, Mark E. Josephson, Andrew L. Wit, Nicholas S. Peters
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Resetting has been used to characterize reentrant circuits causing clinical tachycardias. Methods and Results —To determine the mechanisms of resetting, sustained ventricular tachycardia was induced in dogs with 4-day-old myocardial infarctions by programmed stimulation. Premature stimulation was accomplished from multiple regions within reentrant circuits; resetting curves were constructed and compared with activation maps. Monotonically increasing responses, or a “mixed” response (increasing portion preceded by a flat portion), occurred. All reentrant circuits had a fully excitable gap. Interval-dependent conduction delay and concealed retrograde penetration led to increased resetting response curves. Conclusions —Multiple mechanisms revealed by mapping cause resetting of reentrant circuits.
Off-Loading in Trials of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulceration
Authors: Andrew J.M. Boulton, David G. Armstrong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We are happy that our recent editorial (1) stimulated interest from other experts in the diabetic foot. However, we find ourselves in disagreement with the letter by Jeffcoate and Game in this issue of Diabetes Care (2) in several respects. They suggest that our editorial betrays “a failure to understand how the structure of trials must be determined.” Surely, this cannot be the case. Any trial assessing dressings, drugs, or constructs should be designed to provide the maximum opportunity for the product to demonstrate efficacy by removing all possible confounding variables. As we have recently …
Identification of Wee1 as a novel therapeutic target for mutant RAS-driven acute leukemia and other malignancies
Authors: E Weisberg, A Nonami, Z Chen, F Liu, J Zhang, M Sattler, E Nelson, K Cowens, A L Christie, C Mitsiades, K-K Wong, Q Liu, N Gray, J D Griffin
Journal: Leukemia (2014)