tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Carcinoma of the Colon in the Anastomosis Diagnosed by Roentgen Examination and Colonoscopy
Authors: N. Gabrielsson, S. Granqvist, H. Ohlsén
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

After resection for cancer of the large bowel recurrence at the anastomosis occurs in about 10%. In 30 operated cases roentgenography and colonoscopy were performed. In 18 cases roentgen examination gave rise to suspicion of recurrence at the anastomosis but this was confirmed by colonoscopy and surgery only in 6 cases. In two additional cases with normal roentgenographic findings recurrence at the anastomosis and a second primary cancer were diagnosed by colonoscopy in one case each. The clinical symptoms provided no guidance in the diagnosis of recurrence. Roentgen examination is admittedly less conclusive than colonoscopy for discovery of recurrent and metachronous carcinoma. The methods are, however, complementary and both examinations should be regularly carried out in order to establish an early diagnosis.
Effects of co-culturing BMSCs and auricular chondrocytes on the elastic modulus and hypertrophy of tissue engineered cartilage
Authors: Ning Kang, Xia Liu, Yue Guan, Jian Wang, Fuxing Gong, Xun Yang, Li Yan, Qian Wang, Xin Fu, Yilin Cao, Ran Xiao
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
LG-01 * BRAF MUTATION AND CDKN2A DELETION DEFINE A CLINICALLY DISTINCT SUBGROUP OF CHILDHOOD SECONDARY HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA
Authors: M. Mistry, N. Zhukova, D. Merico, P. Rakopoulos, R. Krishnatry, M. Shago, J. Stavropoulos, J. Pole, P. Ray, M. Remke, P. Buczkowicz, V. Ramaswamy, A. Shlien, J. Rutka, P. Dirks, M. Taylor, D. Malkin, E. Bouffet, C. Hawkins, U. Tabori
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

PURPOSE: Pediatric secondary high grade glioma (sHGG), which result from malignant transformation of low grade glioma (PLGG), are a poorly understood group of tumors with devastating outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a population-based study combined with long-term follow-up of PLGG that transformed to sHGG. Exonic-sequencing and copy number alterations were investigated on a discovery cohort, followed by detailed genetic analysis of all tumors. Clinical and outcome data analysis of a genetically distinct subgroup was performed. RESULTS: sHGG were observed in 28/888 (3.2%) patients treated in Southern Ontario for PLGG with a median latency of 2.74 years (range, 0.18-20.3 years). sHGG were characterized by a high somatic mutation load (23 per genome). Alterations in chromatin modifying genes and major telomere maintenance pathways were observed in 57% and 54% of sHGG respectively. However, specific mutations in IDH1, H3F3A G34 and ATRX were extremely rare. The most recurrent somatic alterations were the oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation and deletion of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A, observed in 39% and 57% of sHGG respectively. Importantly, all BRAF V600E and 80% of CDKN2A alterations could be traced to the patient-matched PLGG counterparts. These early alterations were rarely observed in non-transformed PLGG (p < 0.0001) and primary childhood high grade glioma (p = 0.0023). The BRAF mutant sHGG subgroup was characterized by longer latency periods to transformation than non-BRAF mutant sHGG (median 6.59 versus 1.62 years; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, 5-year overall survival of children with BRAF mutant and wild-type PLGG that transformed were 75% ± 15% and 29% ± 12% respectively (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: BRAF V600E mutations and CDKN2A deletions constitute a clinically distinct subtype of sHGG. The prolonged course to transformation provides a window of opportunity for aggressive surgical interventions, targeted therapy against oncogenic BRAF, and extended surveillance to potentially mitigate the devastating transformation event.
Comparison of metformin and insulin versus insulin alone for type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses
Authors: B. Hemmingsen, L. L. Christensen, J. Wetterslev, A. Vaag, C. Gluud, S. S. Lund, T. Almdal
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To compare the benefits and harms of metformin and insulin versus insulin alone as reported in randomised clinical trials of patients with type 2 diabetes.Systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses.The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature until March 2011. We also searched abstracts presented at the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes Congresses, contacted relevant trial authors and pharmaceutical companies, hand searched reference lists of included trials, and searched the US Food and Drug Administration website.Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts for randomised clinical trials comparing metformin and insulin versus insulin alone (with or without placebo) in patients with type 2 diabetes, older than 18 years, and with an intervention period of at least 12 weeks. We included trials irrespective of language, publication status, predefined outcomes, antidiabetic interventions used before randomisation, and reported outcomes.We included 26 randomised trials with 2286 participants, of which 23 trials with 2117 participants could provide data. All trials had high risk of bias. Data were sparse for outcomes relevant to patients. Metformin and insulin versus insulin alone did not significantly affect all cause mortality (relative risk 1.30, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 2.99) or cardiovascular mortality (1.70, 0.35 to 8.30). Trial sequential analyses showed that more trials were needed before reliable conclusions could be drawn regarding these outcomes. In a fixed effect model, but not in a random effects model, severe hypoglycaemia was significantly more frequent with metformin and insulin than with insulin alone (2.83, 1.17 to 6.86). In a random effects model, metformin and insulin resulted in reduced HbA(1c), weight gain, and insulin dose, compared with insulin alone; trial sequential analyses showed sufficient evidence for a HbA(1c) reduction of 0.5%, lower weight gain of 1 kg, and lower insulin dose of 5 U/day.There was no evidence or even a trend towards improved all cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality with metformin and insulin, compared with insulin alone in type 2 diabetes. Data were limited by the severe lack of data reported by trials for patient relevant outcomes and by poor bias control.
Desmopressin and Blood Loss
Authors: STEPHEN M. PICCA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1988Desmopressin and Blood LossSTEPHEN M. PICCA, M.D.STEPHEN M. PICCA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-642_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Kobrinsky and associates (1) show that patients receiving 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (desmopressin) had a decreased blood loss during Harrington rod spinal fusion surgery. The authors speculate that the decreased blood loss was due to various hematologic effects of desmopressin and conclude that "the use of desmopressin in other surgical procedures associated with significant blood loss is recommended."This conclusion is probably unwarranted. Intraoperatively "a balanced technique with normotension" was used. Unless specifically contraindicated, induced hypotension with a mean blood pressure of about 70 torr is the accepted anesthetic technique (2). This is done to minimize intraoperative blood loss....References1. KOBRINSKY N, LETTS R, and PATEL L. 1-Desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (desmopressin) decreases operative blood loss in patients having Harrington rod spinal fusion surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:446-50. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEHLING L. Common Problems in Pediatric Anesthesia. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1982:345. Google Scholar1. STEHLING L. Common Problems in Pediatric Anesthesia. Chicago: Year Book Publishers; 1982:345. Google Scholar2. KOBRINSKY N, WATSON C, CHEANG M, and BISHOP A. Improved hemophilia A carrier detection by DDAVP stimulation of factor VIII. J Pediatr. 1984;104:718-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: STEPHEN M. PICCA, M.D.Affiliations: Nassau County Medical Center East Meadow, NY 11554 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1988Volume 108, Issue 4Page: 642-643KeywordsAnestheticsBloodBlood pressureHypotensionSpinal fusionSurgeryVasopressin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
No effects of EPHX1 polymorphisms on the level or change of FEV1 in the general population
Authors: M. Siedlinski, D. S. Postma, H. A. Smit, H. M. Boezen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Background: Proximal tubular (PT) cells are enriched in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Whereas mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays an important role in kidney function by supporting the high-energy requirements of PT cells, the role of peroxisomal metabolism remains largely unknown. EHHADH, also known as L-bifunctional protein, catalyzes the second and third step of peroxisomal FAO. Methods: We studied kidneys of WT and Ehhadh KO mice on a C57BL/6N background using histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, RNA-sequencing, and metabolomics. To assess the role of androgens in the kidney phenotype of Ehhadh KO mice, mice underwent orchiectomy. Results: We observed male-specific kidney hypertrophy and glomerular filtration rate reduction in adult Ehhadh KO mice. Transcriptome analysis unveiled a gene expression signature similar to PT injury in acute kidney injury mouse models. This was further illustrated by the presence of KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), SOX-9, and Ki67-positive cells in the PT of male Ehhadh KO kidneys. Male Ehhadh KO kidneys had metabolite changes consistent with peroxisomal dysfunction as well as an elevation in glycosphingolipid levels. Orchiectomy of Ehhadh KO mice decreased the number of KIM-1 positive cells to WT levels. We revealed a pronounced sexual dimorphism in the expression of peroxisomal FAO proteins in mouse kidney, underlining a role of androgens in the kidney phenotype of Ehhadh KO mice. Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of EHHADH and peroxisomal metabolism in male kidney physiology and reveal peroxisomal FAO as a sexual dimorphic metabolic pathway in mouse kidneys.
Low expression of PP2A regulatory subunit B55α is associated with T308 phosphorylation of AKT and shorter complete remission duration in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: P P Ruvolo, Y H Qui, K R Coombes, N Zhang, V R Ruvolo, G Borthakur, M Konopleva, M Andreeff, S M Kornblau
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Optical Coherence Tomography of Age-related Macular Degeneration and Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Michael R. Hee, Caroline R. Baumal, Carmen A. Puliafito, Jay S. Duker, Elias Reichel, Jason R. Wilkins, Jeffery G. Coker, Joel S. Schuman, Eric A. Swanson, James G. Fujimoto
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)
Large hypomethylated blocks as a universal defining epigenetic alteration in human solid tumors
Authors: Winston Timp, Hector Corrada Bravo, Oliver G McDonald, Michael Goggins, Chris Umbricht, Martha Zeiger, Andrew P Feinberg, Rafael A Irizarry
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

One of the most provocative recent observations in cancer epigenetics is the discovery of large hypomethylated blocks, including single copy genes, in colorectal cancer, that correspond in location to heterochromatic LOCKs (large organized chromatin lysine-modifications) and LADs (lamin-associated domains).Here we performed a comprehensive genome-scale analysis of 10 breast, 28 colon, nine lung, 38 thyroid, 18 pancreas cancers, and five pancreas neuroendocrine tumors as well as matched normal tissue from most of these cases, as well as 51 premalignant lesions. We used a new statistical approach that allows the identification of large hypomethylated blocks on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip platform.We find that hypomethylated blocks are a universal feature of common solid human cancer, and that they occur at the earliest stage of premalignant tumors and progress through clinical stages of thyroid and colon cancer development. We also find that the disrupted CpG islands widely reported previously, including hypermethylated island bodies and hypomethylated shores, are enriched in hypomethylated blocks, with flattening of the methylation signal within and flanking the islands. Finally, we found that genes showing higher between individual gene expression variability are enriched within these hypomethylated blocks.Thus hypomethylated blocks appear to be a universal defining epigenetic alteration in human cancer, at least for common solid tumors.
An unusual cause of acute renal failure in systemic sclerosis
Authors: S Mpofu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Scleroderma renal crisis is one of the most life threatening complications of scleroderma. Enteric hyperoxaluria complicates extensive disease or resection of the small intestine in the presence of an intact colon, and is associated with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. This cause of renal failure may be underestimated and should be considered in all patients with malabsorption and renal failure.A 78 year old woman with systemic sclerosis affecting the bowel developed acute renal failure caused by oxalate nephropathy.The patient's renal failure improved on an oxalate free diet.
Hepatitis C — Identifying Patients with Progressive Liver Injury
Authors: Jordan J. Feld, Jake T. Liang
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hepatitis C follows a variable course with some patients developing progressive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, while others have minimal or no significant liver disease after decades of infection. Studies have identified both host and viral factors associated with disease progression. The importance of general factors such as age at infection, gender, immune status and alcohol consumption has long been recognized; however recently, polymorphisms in a wide array of genes have also been shown to be associated with progressive fibrosis. How specific viral proteins may contribute to disease progression has also been studied. This review highlights what is currently known about the factors associated with progressive liver injury in patients with hepatitis C. A greater understanding of the determinants of disease progression will hopefully lead to improved utilization of existing treatments and ultimately may aid in identification of new therapeutic targets.
The Importance of Emotional Disturbances in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Michael J. Lepore
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Chronic ulcerative colitis remains an enigma despite many years of study and voluminous publications by persons of diverse interests and backgrounds. Its etiology remains unknown and its treatment unscientific. The innate variability of the disease with its tendency to spontaneous remissions and exacerbations render it extremely difficult to study by well-designed tests or with controlled clinical trials. Even in the evaluation of the effectiveness of a single drug, such as an antibiotic or an adrenal steroid, with few exceptions, published studies have seldom been well designed or accompanied by adequate controls. In part, this has been due to inadequacies in the experimental design but in a large measure it has also been due to the inherent difficulties of studying a disease of great variability and unpredictability. The problems in evaluating the efficacy of drug therapy in ulcerative colitis are as nothing compared to those arising when one tries to evaluate
Do cervical cancer data justify HPV vaccination in India? Epidemiological data sources and comprehensiveness
Authors: I Mattheij, AM Pollock, P Brhlikova
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

The Indian government suspended research in April 2010 on the feasibility and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in two Indian states (Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat) amid public concerns about its safety. This paper describes cervical cancer and cancer surveillance in India and reviews the epidemiological claims made by the Programme for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) in support of the vaccine in these two states. National cancer data published by the Indian National Cancer Registry Programme of state registry returns and the International Agency for Research on Cancer cover around seven percent of the population with underrepresentation of rural, northern, eastern and north-eastern areas. There is no cancer registry in the state of Andhra Pradesh and PATH does not cite data from the Gujarat cancer registries. Age-adjusted cervical cancer mortality and incidence rates vary widely across and within states. National trends in age standardized cervical cancer incidence fell from 42.3 to 22.3 per 100,000 between 1982/1983 and 2004/2005 respectively. Incidence studies report low incidence and mortality rates in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. Although HPV prevalence is higher in cancer patients (93.3%) than healthy patients (7.0%) and HPV types 16 and 18 are most prevalent in cancer patients, population prevelance data are poor and studies highly variable in their findings. Current data on HPV type and cervical cancer incidence do not support PATH's claim that India has a large burden of cervical cancer or its decision to roll out the vaccine programme. In the absence of comprehensive cancer surveillance, World Health Organization criteria with respect to monitoring effectiveness of the vaccine and knowledge of disease trends cannot be fulfilled.
Oxidized-LDL through LOX-1 increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme in human coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: D Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Background and objectives: Our previous studies have shown that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and angiotensin II (Ang II) influence each other's action in endothelial cells. This study was designed to examine the regulation by ox-LDL of the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). In addition, we studied the effect of the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin on this interaction. Methods and results: Cultured HCAECs were incubated with ox-LDL (10–80 μg/ml) for 1–24 h. Ox-LDL increased the expression of ACE in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The upregulation of ACE expression in response to ox-LDL was mediated by its endothelial receptor LOX-1, since pretreatment of HCAECs with a blocking antibody to LOX-1 prevented the expression of ACE (P<0.01). Native-LDL had no significant effect on ACE expression. In this process, ox-LDL-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK p42/44) played an important role, since pretreatment of HCAECs with the MAPK p42/44 inhibitor (PD98059, 10 μM) inhibited MAPK activation and subsequently attenuated the expression of ACE (P<0.01 vs. ox-LDL alone). In other experiments, we pretreated HCAECs with simvastatin (10 μM) and then exposed the cells to ox-LDL. Simvastatin markedly attenuated ox-LDL-induced MAPK activation, and concurrently reduced ACE expression (P<0.01 vs. ox-LDL alone). Conclusions: Our observations provide direct evidence that ox-LDL via LOX-1 activation induces ACE gene expression in HCAECs, and MAPK activation plays a signal transduction role in this process. Simvastatin, which inhibits MAPK activation, also blocks ox-LDL-mediated upregulation of ACE.
Pretreatment with verapamil in patients with persistent or chronic atrial fibrillation who underwent electrical cardioversion
Authors: Antonio De Simone, Giuseppe Stabile, Dino Franco Vitale, Pietro Turco, Maurizio Di Stasio, Ferdinando Petrazzuoli, Maurizio Gasparini, Carmine De Matteis, Raffaele Rotunno, Tommaso Di Napoli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Twenty five years of case finding and audit in a socially deprived community.
Authors: J T Hart, C Thomas, B Gibbons, C Edwards, M Hart, J Jones, M Jones, P Walton
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate audit and case finding (whole population care) in a community over 25 years. DESIGN--Contemporary screening for and audits of care of chronic disease and risk factors; retrospective review of computerised practice records; and comparisons of mortality and social indices with neighbouring communities. SETTING--One general practice in Glyncorrwg, West Glamorgan. SUBJECTS--1800 people registered with the practice in 1987 and 558 people who died from 1964 to 1987, whose records had been retained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Detection of high blood pressure, smoking, airways obstruction, obesity, diabetes, and alcohol problems in adults aged 20-79; prevalence of smoking in this population and in hypertensive and diabetic groups; age standardised mortality ratios in relation to indices of social deprivation. RESULTS--In the population aged 20-79 (1207 patients) 249 (21%) had peak expiratory flow rate less than 50% of expected value or which improved by 15% or more with an inhaled beta agonist, 207 (17%) had body mass index at or over 30 kg/m2, 118 (10%) had untreated mean arterial pressures greater than 159/104 mm Hg (three readings), 80 (7%) (65 (16%) men, 15 (4%) women) had recognised alcohol problems, and 35 (3%) had diabetes. The proportion of men aged 20-64 who said they smoked fell from 61% (290/476) in 1968-70 to 36% (162/456) in 1985 whereas that of women who smoked was unchanged (43%, 187/436 v 42%, 190/448 respectively). In 116 screened hypertensive patients group mean blood pressure fell from 186/110 mm Hg before treatment to 146/84 mm Hg at 1987 audit, as did the proportion of smokers (56% v 20%), but body mass index and total cholesterol concentration showed no significant change. In 34 diabetic patients mean blood pressure and the proportion of smokers fell (171/93 mm Hg v 155/81 mm Hg; 44% v 12%). The age standardised mortality ratio in 1981-6 was lower than in a neighbouring village without a developed case finding programme (actual to expected deaths less than 65 = 21 to 22 in Glyncorrwg, 48 to 30 in control village). CONCLUSIONS--Whole population care through organised case finding and audit is feasible but only with a labour intensive approach combining accessibility, flexibility, and continuity, as well as a planned and structured approach, which requires substantial expansion of staff numbers and assiduous recording. It may reduce risks for at least some high risk groups. Despite their shortcomings the available data are consistent with the hypothesis that whole population care helps reduce mortality. Incentives in the new contract, which encourage the uncritical development of structured process, may diminish health outputs.
Combination of ibrutinib with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) for treatment-naive patients with CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a non-randomised, phase 1b study
Authors: Anas Younes, Catherine Thieblemont, Franck Morschhauser, Ian Flinn, Jonathan W Friedberg, Sandy Amorim, Benedicte Hivert, Jason Westin, Jessica Vermeulen, Nibedita Bandyopadhyay, Ronald de Vries, Sriram Balasubramanian, Peter Hellemans, Johan W Smit, Nele Fourneau, Yasuhiro Oki
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)