tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book Review Clinical Oncology Edited by Raymond E. Lenhard, Jr., Robert T. Osteen, and Ted Gansler. 919 pp., illustrated, with CD-ROM. Atlanta, American Cancer Society, 2001. (Distributed by Blackwell, Malden, Mass.) $64.95. 0-944235-15-8
Authors: Hilary Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
Money: Motivation, metaphors, and mores
Authors: Stephen E. G. Lea, Paul Webley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Our response amplifies our case that money is best seen as both a drug and a tool. Some commentators challenge our core assumptions: In this response we, therefore, explain in more detail why we assume that money is an exceptionally strong motivator, and that a biological explanation of money motivation is required. We also provide evidence to support those assumptions. Other commentators criticise our use of the drug metaphor, particularly arguing that it is empirically empty; and in our response we seek to show how it can be submitted to test – aided by some commentaries which suggest such tests. In addition, we explain, with evidence, why we do not think that the notion of money as a generalised conditioned reinforcer provides a satisfactory alternative to the tool/drug account. The largest group of commentaries suggests alternative instincts on which the drug-like effects of money might be based, other than the reciprocation and play instincts we propose; in our response, we explain why we still prefer our original proposals, but we accept that alternative or additional instincts may indeed underlie money motivation. A final group of commentaries carries the argument further, suggesting extensions to the tool/drug model, in ways with which we are broadly in sympathy. The purpose of the tool and drug metaphors is to encourage reflection on the biological origins of money motivation, and to that extent at least we believe that they have succeeded.
Metoclopramide and Depression
Authors: RANDY K. BOTTNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1985Metoclopramide and DepressionRANDY K. BOTTNER, M.D., CARL J. TULLIO, R.Ph.RANDY K. BOTTNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CARL J. TULLIO, R.Ph.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-482_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We want to report a case of metoclopramide-induced depression in a 19-year-old woman with an 11-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes.The patient first developed symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis in April 1984, while under the care of another physician. Unknown to us, a trial of metoclopramide at that time produced subjective symptoms of depression. The drug therapy was discontinued, her symptoms resolved, and she was not rechallenged.Her symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis abated spontaneously but recurred in March 1985. Metoclopramide was initiated at a dose of 10 mg before meals and at bedtime, resulting in severe depression manifested... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U.S. Air Force Regional Hospital Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMetoclopramide and Homicidal Ideation: A Case Report and Literature ReviewCommonly Prescribed and Over-The-Counter Medications: Causes of ConfusionLate-Onset Major Depression With Delusions After Metoclopramide TreatmentNeuropsychiatric Adverse Drug Reactions: Passive Reports to Health and Welfare Canada's Adverse Drug Reaction Database (1965-Present)Drug-induced illness in the elderlyMetoclopramide and DepressionCHRISTOPHER D. ADAMS, M.D. 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 482-482KeywordsDepressionDrug therapyGastroparesisInsulin Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE DISEASES OF THE MIND AND SIMILAR AFFECTIONS IN THEIR RELATIONS TO CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Ludwig Meyer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1871)

inquired into.When this is associated with depression, groundless apprehensions, suspicions, and uneasiness, the case is one of grave import, and should command medical attention.Such a condition is significant of physical disturbance, and foreshadows insanity.. .
A Clinical Method of Measuring the Antitryptic Index, Illustrated by its Response to Vaccines
Authors: F. C. Eve
Journal: BMJ (1910)

I find the best pricker is made by pounding some 'sheet glass.picking out the sharpest fragments, mounting each with sealing-wax on to a glass rod, which is fixed into the cork of a small phial containing a little wool moistened with formalin.These are clean and painless, and last for weeks.
Basic Neurology: An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Authors: Maynard M. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The first edition appeared in 1965. It aimed to present an introduction to the fundamentals of neurological sciences in an intradisciplinary fashion and encompassed approximately 350 pages. Individual sections on neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, and neuropsychology were included. The original paperback has been replaced by a hard cover edition and now contains enlarged and newly completed illustrations of exceptional quality. The illustrations of the development of the cerebral hemispheres and of the cerebral circulation handle a difficult problem with particular clarity. Photographs of portmortem specimens add both variety and realism to the anatomical presentation. However, elimination of the sections of neurochemistry and neuropsychology make the title,<i>Basic Neurology</i>, inappropriate. The sections of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology remaining in the second edition are simplified and easily followed, making this text suitable as an introduction to these disciplines. The usual difficulties encountered in the elucidation of neural pathways had not been solved by supplementation
PTH-175 National Analysis of Emergency Admissions for Alcohol-Related Conditions by Hospital Specialty
Authors: V P K Lekharaju, E Thompson, S V Hood, M Pearson, K Bodger
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Harmful alcohol use is associated with substantial health and economic burden.<sup>1</sup> Patients with alcohol-related conditions (ARCs) present acutely to hospital with a wide spectrum of disorders, impacting a range of medical &amp; surgical specialties - a major challenge to the organisation and delivery of effective care within a hospital. Public health metrics derived from hospital (coding) data provide useful top-level indicators but do not provide clinically-relevant information for hospital teams. Gastroenterologists are seen increasingly as potential leaders in alcohol services. The aim of this project is to develop clinically-meaningful analyses and metrics that allow clinicians to better-understand alcohol-related emergency admission data to help in service planning. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed a 2-year download of HES data (~24M. care episodes) for acute NHS Trusts in England in IBM-SPSS stats package. Emergency admissions containing any alcohol code were extracted, all recorded diagnoses were tabulated and reviewed by clinical steering group. Logical baskets of conditions were generated, reflecting common clinical presentations and allocated to specialties. The resulting coding rules and hierarchies were applied to the national data to label each admission and summary data generated. <h3>Results</h3> Of 7,440,546 emergency admissions to 150 trusts, ARCs accounted for 228,994 (3%). 12 diagnostic-specialty categories of admission were defined, of which Hepatology (alcoholic liver disease) and Gastroenterology (other GI conditions) ranked 1st and 3rd for admissions (17.4% and 13.8%) with alcohol withdrawal/intoxication ranked 2nd (17.3%). Remaining categories fall within medical specialties (e.g. general neurology, cardiology, respiratory) with only 3.9% of admissions attributable to surgical conditions or trauma. Shortest mean LOS were Poisoning/Psychiatry admissions (1.97 days). Greatest single contributor to total bed days was Hepatology at 240,576 per year and (excluding cancer) this had highest inpatient mortality (18.2%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> 3% of emergency admissions to English hospitals were for ARCs and the majority (95.7%) of admissions fall within the remit of physicians rather than surgeons. Half the recorded diagnoses for admitted patients are within the sub-specialties of hepatology or gastroenterology and these contribute the highest share of both bed days and mortality. This system of classifying hospital data provides a basis for re-design of services, manpower planning and potential metrics for performance. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Moriarty KJ, Platt H, Crompton S<i> et al.</i> Collabarative care for alcohol-related liver disease. Clin Med. 2007 Apr; 7(2):125–8.
Large pragmatic randomised studies of new antiepileptic drugs are needed
Authors: A. Marson, Z. Kadir, D. Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Two letters commenting on our systematic review of trials of new antiepileptic drugs1 deserve a response. We agree with A J A Elferink and B J Van Zwieten-Boot that the number needed to treat is a useful statistic, but we believe that they are wrong to suggest that we should have presented it rather than odds ratios.2 We had in fact undertaken a risk difference analysis (1/number needed to treat) and found much greater heterogeneity with …
Comparison of Limbal and Conjunctival Autograft Transplantation in Corneal Surface Reconstruction in Rabbits
Authors: Ray Jui-Fung Tsai, Tung-Tien Sun, Scheffer C.G. Tseng
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

Destruction of corneal surface was created in one eye of 24 rabbits by n-heptanol corneal epithelial debridement and surgical removal of limbal zone. One month later, the animals were equally subdivided into three groups of eight for limbal transplantation, conjunctival transplantation, and control without transplantation. During a 6-month postoperative follow-up, all corneas in the control group showed progressive vascularization and conjunctivalization. All corneas with limbal transplantation showed progressive decrease of vascularity, verified by fluorescein angiography. In contrast, all but one of the eight corneas of conjunctival transplantation showed progressive vascularization (P = 0.01). More important, the resultant epithelia showed corneal phenotype in limbal transplantation, but remained conjunctival in conjunctival transplantation, as verified by monoclonal antibodies AM-3, APSM-1, and AE-5. These results support the concept of the limbal location of corneal epithelial stem cells, and indicate that complete destruction of the limbal zone resulted in corneal vascularization and conjunctivalization, and that limbal transplantation has a better efficiency than conjunctival transplantation in restoring such destroyed corneal surface.
Social Security and the Physician
Authors: Charles P. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1965)

One of the major objectives of most modern "social insurance" programs is universality of coverage; yet self-employed American physicians were able to maintain their independence from the federal Old-Age, Survivors' and Disability Insurance program for almost 30 years. The sweeping amendments to the Social Security Act which were signed into law on July 30, however, ended the era of the self-employed physician's nonparticipation. All physicians now will be liable for OASDI taxes for the taxable year ending Dec 31, 1965, and thereafter. The first tax payment by self-employed physicians will be due on or before April 15, 1966. Benefits will be available to this group, depending on eligibility discussed below. <h3>Taxes</h3> What changes are in store? The most obvious one will be that nearly all physicians will immediately begin paying Social Security taxes at the maximum level, since few, if any, earn less than $6,600 annually. Though many physicians on
Novel presentation of Omenn syndrome in association with aniridia
Authors: William J. Sheehan, Ottavia M. Delmonte, David T. Miller, Amy E. Roberts, Francisco A. Bonilla, Massimo Morra, Silvia Giliani, Sung-Yun Pai, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Hans C. Oettgen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Chemical Treatment of Skin Cancer
Authors: F. J. C. Roe
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MBROIBi= 559 instances of subarachnoid haemorrhage and of unexplained deaths.This case, which will be presented in detail, supports Mr. Barabas's contention that there may exist an "arterial" type of syndrome.It provides a particularly florid example, with a similar illness occurring in milder form in a brother.Although usually regarded as an autosomal dominant trait,' the possibility of different modes of inheritance in a heterogeneous syndrome has always to be considered, and one might speculate that some cases of the " arterial " form might be transmitted as autosomal recessives.If this were so parents would not be expected to show the trait, and absence of family history could be compatible with this mode of inherit- ance, as in the case of Rubinstein and Cohen,2 another of our own,3 and number 27 of Barabas.The features of systemic illness (fever, etc.) ink our patient are not well explained and it may be noteworthy that they had occurred in milder form earlier in this patient's his- tory.We wonder whether others have had similar experiences and whether more acute episodes of arterial damage may occur in the course of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.-Weare, etc.,
Asthma: New Mediators and Old Problems
Authors: Edward J. Goetzl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Rapid development and persistence of reversible airway obstruction, in response to stimuli that fail to affect normal persons, are the principal disturbances of pulmonary function in patients affected by the diseases termed "asthma." All other features of the disorder, including the eliciting stimuli, distribution of airway obstruction, contributions of inflammation, abnormalities in epithelial and glandular secretions, and responses to treatment, are highly variable among patients. It follows that the relative pathogenetic roles of chemical mediators, imbalances in pulmonary neurologic influences, and numerous other factors in the maintenance of airway hyperreactivity may also differ among patients.Despite the heterogeneity of cause . . .
Medicolegal Investigation of Some Deaths Occurring during Anesthesia
Authors: F. E. Camps
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN England and Wales the coroner, who is appointed by selection, is still responsible for the investigation of all deaths occurring during anesthesia (that is, until the patient has completely recovered from the anesthetic) and deaths associated with surgical operative and therapeutic procedures. To illustrate the manner in which these deaths are investigated (the procedure is legally different in Scotland) a short explanation of the position of the coroner may be of help.Position of the CoronerUntil 1926 it was the duty of the coroner to hold inquests on all such cases, and this practice, in fact, continued until . . .
THE CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULAR JOINTS.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: REGINALD H. SAYRE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The chairman of this Section has asked me to prepare a paper on the conservative treatment of tubercular joints, and this brings us to the question of what is conservatism. According to the views held a few years ago in Europe and even now upheld by some, conservatism consisted in the immediate eradication of all foci of tuberculosis as soon as detected, on the ground that each focus was so dangerous a menace to life that it should be treated with the same kind of conservatism we would use in dealing with carcinoma. According to the observation of many men of vast experience in this country, however, this view is entirely too radical and the etiology of tubercle, both in joints and in other parts of the body, shows us that better results are to be obtained by less radical modes of procedure. For instance, let us suppose we have
Treatment of refractory juvenile chronic arthritis by monoclonal CD4 antibodies: a pilot study in two children.
Authors: G Horneff, U Dirksen, H Schulze-Koops, F Emmrich, V Wahn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To study the effect of anti-CD4 treatment in patients suffering from refractory systemic onset juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). METHODS--Two children were treated with the mouse CD4 antibody MAX.16H5. The effects on numbers of circulating CD4 T cells, clinical symptoms and C reactive protein (CRP) level were studied and the appearance of human antimouse immunoglobulin antibodies investigated. RESULTS--In patient one, disappearance of fever and malaise and a reduction of arthritic activity were observed together with a reduction in CRP. When disease activity returned eight weeks later, a second successful course of treatment was administered. It was possible to reduce the corticosteroid dosage permanently. In the other child, a first treatment cycle did not alter disease activity. A marked reduction in clinical and laboratory disease activity markers was observed after the second course. Only transient and mild side effects were observed. One patient exhibited a short lasting febrile reaction with chills, the other an urticarial rash. In both patients, human antibodies to mouse immunoglobulin became detectable. The decrease in the number of CD4 T cells in the peripheral blood was only short lasting and numbers returned to normal values within one to eight weeks, even after the second course of antibody treatment and under concomitant immunosuppressive treatment. No sustained clinical remissions could be achieved. CONCLUSIONS--These preliminary observations support the evidence of positive effects of CD4 antibody treatment in refractory systemic onset JCA. Long term efficacy, however, remains to be established.
THE PREVENTION OF THE SHORT LEG OF HIP DISEASE.Read before the American Orthopœdic Association, at Boston, Mass. September 18, 1889.
Authors: A. B. JUDSON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

A short leg is what is commonly dreaded as the result of hip disease. The shortening is not, however, as a rule, due to the shortening of the bones. What produces the short leg of hip disease is an immobilization of the joint which prevents the reduction of flexion of the thigh, or adduction of the thigh; or which, as too often happens, prevents the reduction of both flexion and adduction. If, for instance, the patient stands with the thigh considerably adducted, We will say 22.5 degrees, and fixed at that angle, the limb cannot be made vertical without elevation of that side of the pelvis, with of course a draw ing upward of the heel and an inevitable appear ance of shortening; and if the thigh is flexed, for example 45 degrees, and fixed at that angle, the limb cannot be made vertical without an inclination forward, which gives
Telomeric DNA in normal and leukemic blood cells.
Authors: O Yamada, K Oshimi, T Motoji, H Mizoguchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We studied telomeric DNA in leukemic cells as well as in normal T cells, B cells, monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. No marked differences were observed in the sizes of the telomeric repeats in the various populations of normal blood cells obtained from donors in their twenties to sixties, and the telomere length ranged between 8.5 and 9.0 kb. The leukemic cells of 12 patients with acute leukemia (seven with myeloid and five with lymphoid leukemia) showed a variable reduction in the length of telomeric DNA, ranging from 2.7 to 6.4 kb. The average telomere length was 4.8 and 4.7 kb in myeloid and lymphoid leukemia, respectively, while the telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the same patients during complete remission was 8.5 and 7.9 kb, respectively. When the same Southern blots were hybridized with Alu or alphoid sequences, no marked changes in the sizes of the repetitive DNA sequences were observed, indicating that the DNA abnormality in the leukemic cells was specific to the telomere region. Investigation of telomeric DNA changes may be helpful in determining the biological properties of leukemic cells.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase D Is Expressed by Macrophages in Human Atherosclerosis and Colocalizes With Oxidation Epitopes
Authors: Kevin D. O’Brien, Christine Pineda, Winnie S. Chiu, Rosario Bowen, Mark A. Deeg
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) may play an important role in inflammation, because it can hydrolyze the GPI anchors of several inflammatory membrane proteins (eg, CD106, CD55, and CD59) and its hydrolytic products upregulate macrophage cytokine expression (eg, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α). Because of its potential regulatory role in inflammatory reactions, we hypothesized that GPI-PLD might be expressed in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results —Immunohistochemistry using human GPI-PLD–specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum was performed on a total of 83 nonatherosclerotic and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries from 23 patients. Macrophages, smooth muscle cells, apoA-I, and oxidation epitopes also were identified immunohistochemically. Cell-associated GPI-PLD was detected in 95% of atherosclerotic segments, primarily on a subset of macrophages. Extracellular GPI-PLD was present in only 30% of atherosclerotic segments and localized to regions with extracellular apoA-I. In contrast, GPI-PLD was not detected in nonatherosclerotic segments. Expression of GPI-PLD mRNA by human macrophages was confirmed in vitro by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction. Further studies demonstrated that GPI-PLD–positive plaque macrophages contained oxidation epitopes, suggesting a link between oxidant stress and GPI-PLD expression. This possibility was supported by studies in which exposure of a macrophage cell line to H 2 O 2 led to a 50±3% increase in steady-state GPI-PLD mRNA levels. Conclusions —Collectively, these results suggest that oxidative processes may regulate GPI-PLD expression and suggest a role for GPI-PLD in inflammation and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.