tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improved Sedation in Diagnostic and Therapeutic ERCP: Propofol is an Alternative to Midazolam
Authors: M. Jung, C. Hofmann, R. Kiesslich, A. Brackertz
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Adequate sedation of the patient is required for diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The anesthetic propofol, with its shorter half-life, affording better control, offers an alternative to the benzodiazepine midazolam. The aim of this randomized, controlled, unblinded study was to compare prospectively the quality of sedation under propofol and midazolam in patients undergoing ERCP.A total of 80 patients were randomized to sedation with propofol alone (n = 40) or midazolam alone (n = 40). Blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation were measured. Midazolam was given by the endoscopist and titrated to the patients' response during ERCP, to a maximum dose of 15 mg per patient. In the propofol group an anesthetist was present to administer the propofol and to observe the patient. Standardized testing procedures (Steward score, Trieger test) were used to determine the length of postendoscopy recovery time. Efficacy of sedation was assessed by investigators and patients, using scoring systems.Complete ERCP and adequate sedation was possible in 80% of patients (32 out of 40) with midazolam, and in 97.5% of patients (39 out of 40) with propofol (P<0.01). The average propofol induction dose was 1.24 mg/kg body weight, with maintenance requiring a mean dose of 9 mg/kg body weight per hour, or the equivalent of 354 mg in total. The average dose of midazolam administered was 0.12 mg/kg body weight; the total dose averaged 8 mg. Recovery time in the propofol patients was significantly shorter (P<0.01). The investigators (P<0.01) and the patients (P<0.05) both judged the quality of sedation to be better in the propofol group. There were no differences in blood pressure, pulse, or oxygen saturation between the two groups. One patient in the propofol group (79 years old) suffered a protracted apneic phase accompanied by hypotension that was managed by manual ventilation and drug therapy, and led to no complications.Propofol proves to be an excellent sedative for ERCP and shows a shorter recovery time than midazolam. Because of the narrow therapeutic window, we recommend close patient monitoring.
Effects of MEK5/ERK5 Association on Small Ubiquitin-Related Modification of ERK5: Implications for Diabetic Ventricular Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tetsuro Shishido, Chang-Hoon Woo, Bo Ding, Carolyn McClain, Carlos A. Molina, Chen Yan, Jay Yang, Jun-ichi Abe
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to the exacerbation of left ventricle (LV) dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). Activation of ERK5, an atypical mitogen activated protein kinase with transcriptional activity, inhibits apoptosis and LV dysfunction after doxorubicin treatment. SUMOylation has been proposed as a negative regulator of various transcription factors. In the current study, we investigated the role of ERK5-SUMOylation in ERK5 transcriptional activity as well as on DM-mediated exacerbation of LV dysfunction and apoptosis after MI. ERK5 wild-type transcriptional activity was inhibited by Ubc9 (SUMO E2 conjugase) or PIAS1 (E3 ligase), but not in the ERK5-SUMOylation-site defective mutant (K6R/K22R). H 2 O 2 and high glucose, 2 well-known mediators of diabetes, induced ERK5-SUMOylation, and the K6R/K22R mutant, dominant negative form of Ubc9, and siRNA-PIAS1 reversed H 2 O 2 -mediated reduction of ERK5 transcriptional activity in cardiomyocytes, indicating the presence of SUMOylation-dependent ERK5 transcriptional repression. Constitutively active form of MEK5α (CA-MEK5α) inhibited ERK5-SUMOylation independent of kinase activity, but dependent on MEK5-ERK5 association. To investigate the pathological role of ERK5-SUMOylation in DM mice after MI, we used cardiac specific CA-MEK5α transgenic mice (CA-MEK5α-Tg). MI was induced in streptozotocin (STZ)-injected (DM+MI group) or vehicle-injected mice (MI group) by ligating the left coronary artery. The ERK5-SUMOylation was increased in the DM+MI, but not in the MI group. ERK5-SUMOylation, the exacerbation of LV dysfunction, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in DM+MI was significantly inhibited in CA-MEK5α-Tg mice. Of note, we could not detect any difference of cardiac function after MI in non-diabetic CA-MEK5α-Tg and non-transgenic littermate control mice. These results demonstrated that ERK5 transcriptional activity is subject to downregulation by diabetes-dependent SUMOylation, which resulted in a proapoptotic condition contributing to poor post-MI LV function.
Preclinical Assessment of HIV Vaccines and Microbicides by Repeated Low-Dose Virus Challenges
Authors: Roland R Regoes, Ira M Longini, Mark B Feinberg, Silvija I Staprans
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background Trials in macaque models play an essential role in the evaluation of biomedical interventions that aim to prevent HIV infection, such as vaccines, microbicides, and systemic chemoprophylaxis. These trials are usually conducted with very high virus challenge doses that result in infection with certainty. However, these high challenge doses do not realistically reflect the low probability of HIV transmission in humans, and thus may rule out preventive interventions that could protect against "real life" exposures. The belief that experiments involving realistically low challenge doses require large numbers of animals has so far prevented the development of alternatives to using high challenge doses. Methods and Findings Using statistical power analysis, we investigate how many animals would be needed to conduct preclinical trials using low virus challenge doses. We show that experimental designs in which animals are repeatedly challenged with low doses do not require unfeasibly large numbers of animals to assess vaccine or microbicide success. Conclusion Preclinical trials using repeated low-dose challenges represent a promising alternative approach to identify potential preventive interventions.
Do Renal Failure and Hemodialysis Have Any Effect on the Elimination of Free and Total Prostate&amp;ndash;Specific Antigen?
Authors: Ahmet Dan&inodot;&scedil;man, Sahir K&inodot;l&inodot;&ccedil;, Erdal Kukul, G&uuml;l&cedil;sen Yakupo&gbreve;lu, Erol G&uuml;ntek&inodot;n, Mehmet Baykara, Metin Sev&uuml;k
Journal: European Urology (2000)
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A RECOMBINANT DNA PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM SPOROZOITE VACCINE
Authors: W. Ripley Ballou, Stephen L. Hoffman, James A. Sherwood, Michael R. Hollingdale, Franklin A. Neva, Wayne T. Hockmeyer, Daniel M. Gordon, Imogene Schneider, Robert A. Wirtz, James F. Young, Gail F. Wasserman, Peter Reeve, Carter L. Diggs, Jeffrey D. Chulay
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
The Blood Platelets and Splenic Extracts
Authors: G. M. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1941)

Scattered calcification; Positive gastric Pain in chest 15 months right apex cuLlture ago did not go to bed.Otherwise had always been well 73 Evidence of old Tb.infec-PositivespuLtumn Haemoptysis sanation in the lungs no-cUltUre torium treatment thing suggesting anything fistula in ano recent 137 Suspicious area in right Positive gastric Clear personal and infraclavicular region, culture family history radiating from hilun.Defer 167 Small calcified nodules in Positive sputumii Three years in sanatoria.apex of left upper lobe.culture "Short of breath No evidence of activity, and remainder of lungs normal 225 Small calcified nodules at "Dry " pleurisy 15 left apex.No defijnite years ago was not evidence of activity laid up.Otherwise always well 247 Localized Tb. infiltration at ,. Haemoptysis in 1930.left apex * one very small Sanatorium for five nodule in first interspace months in 1932.area; a little calcification Father died of pulevident.Suggest bacteriomonary Tb. logical examination 250 Very slight Tb.lesions-Personial and famiiily both apices.Partly calci- history clear fied.Suggest bacteriological examination 251 Slight infiltration in apical Suspected of pulnmonary region ofright uppar lobe.Tb. in 1939.Sister Left lower probably Tb. died of phthisis Suggest bacteriological examination 302 All tuberculous lesions of Positive gastric Served in war of 1914- rightupperlobequiescent. culture 18. " Pu mo n a ry For bacteriological exam- fibrosis" ination 307 Exaggerated lung markings Acid-fast bacilli Clinical and famllily in right chest.?upper in snmear of history clear respiratory infection and sputum delayed resolution of acute process
Living with an anomaly
Authors: Charles Briscoe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The first indication I had that something was wrong was when I went to my prep school and found myself quite unable to keep up on cross country runs. Paradoxically, I excelled at soccer and won the school hurdles. This inconsistency did not concern anyone until, in my early teens, I had a day-long attack of paroxysmal tachycardia. There was no treatment for this in 1952, so I made an unlikely bargain with God that if he stopped it I would never bet or gamble except on horses. He kept his side of the bargain, so I had …
Occupational Health: Lunar Lung Disease
Authors: Adrian Burton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Strong Signal for Cell Phone EffectsWith 3 billion cell phone users worldwide and more than 260 million in the United States alone-among them 46% of U.S. children aged 8-12, according to Nielsen Mobile figures released 10 September 2008human exposure to low-energy radiation in the 800-to 2,000-megahertz range is at an all-time high.The most recent attempt to systematically review the epidemiologic evidence for increased risk of brain tumors related to cell phone use indicates that repercussions from this global experiment are coming to light.In a meta-analysis published in the May 2008 issue of the International Journal of Oncology, Swedish researchers found significant associations between longterm cell phone use and brain tumor risk."We found that cell phone use is linked to gliomas [malignant brain tumors] and acoustic neuromas [benign tumors of the brain's auditory nerve] and are showing up after only ten years," says lead author Lennart Hardell, an oncologist and cancer epidemiologist at University Hospital in Örebro, Sweden.Specifically, for studies that included at least 10 years of exposure, there was a doubling in the risk of gliomas for ipsilateral (same-side) but not contralateral (opposite-side) exposures to the head (as reflected by which hand the subject typically used to hold his/her cell phone).A 2.4-fold increase in risk was seen for acoustic neuromas due to ipsilateral exposures, whereas no increased risk occurred for meningiomas (tumors that occur in the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)."Clearly we need more studies of longterm cell phone usage to better assess the cancer risks," says coauthor Michael Carlberg.Cell phones have been in mainstream usage for only a decade or so, and yet radiation-induced brain tumors normally take about 10-15 years to develop, according to the American Cancer Society.Hardell's research team was itself the source of several studies included in the meta-analysis.In the October 2006 issue of the World Journal of Surgical Oncology, the investigators reported a 70% increased risk of grade III-IV astrocytomas (highly aggressive brain tumors) for analog cell phone users.This same study found a nearly 4-fold increase in risk for acoustic neuromas after 15 years of exposure to analog cell phones.
Recurrent Salmonella typhimurium Bacteremia Associated with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: JORDAN B. GLASER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Seven Haitian and one white patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia were identified over a 28-month period. In three patients bacteremia developed concurrently with an opportunistic infection associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The remaining five patients had their initial episodes of bacteremia 3 to 11 months before the diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These five patients had signs suggestive of the syndrome, plus evidence of disordered cellular immune function (lymphopenia, anergy, decreased T-helper cells, decreased proliferative responses, and a deficiency in mononuclear-cell alpha interferon production). Salmonella typhimurium bacteremia in the appropriate clinical setting may be an opportunistic pathogen associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Anticholinergic Therapy of Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Franz J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ANTICHOLINERGICS are used to a variable extent in the treatment of many gastrointestinal conditions, including acute or relapsing chronic pancreatitis, acid-peptic disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, chronic inflammations of the intestines and so-called functional gastrointestinal disorders caused by excessive or abnormal motility. Neither the rationale nor the efficacy of such therapy, however, is well defined. Indeed, a bout of pancreatitis is possibly the only gastrointestinal condition in which general agreement exists about the value of using anticholinergic agents.The reasons for this rather uncertain position of anticholinergics on the gastroenterologist's shelf of medicines are related to the properties of . . .
Continuous Peritoneal Insulin Infusion with Portable Pumps: Factors Affecting the Operating Life of the Chronic Catheter
Authors: J L Selam, P Giraud, J Mirouze, S Saeidi, B Hedon, A Slingeneyer, H Lapinski, C Humeau
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Fifty-nine chronic peritoneal catheters made of polyethylene covered with silastic were used to treat 43 IDDM patients peritoneally for 3-34 mo (mean 14 mo) with portable peristaltic pumps and U40 acidic insulin. The operative life of the catheters was determined by actuarial analysis. The mechanisms of catheter failure were determined by preremoval x-ray opacification, removal under laparoscopic examination, and electron microscopic analysis of the catheter. Factors such as age, sex, duration of diabetes, implantation and tunnelization procedures, length of the catheter, and rate of infusion were analyzed. The 50% survival rate of the catheters was 16 mo. Six catheters were irreversibly obstructed by intraluminal fibrin formation and/or extraluminal adhesions, although insulin precipitation was never encountered. Seven catheters had to be removed because of a persisting local infection. Other causes were negligible (misinsertion, irreparable break). The only factor significantly related to incidence of catheter failure was gender with respect to obstruction (1 obstruction among 24 women versus 5 among 19 men, P less than 0.03).
Prognostic value of miR-155 in individuals with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Alessandra Ferrajoli, Tait D. Shanafelt, Cristina Ivan, Masayoshi Shimizu, Kari G. Rabe, Nazila Nouraee, Mariko Ikuo, Asish K. Ghosh, Susan Lerner, Laura Z. Rassenti, Lianchun Xiao, Jianhua Hu, James M. Reuben, Steliana Calin, M. James You, John T. Manning, William G. Wierda, Zeev Estrov, Susan O’Brien, Thomas J. Kipps, Michael J. Keating, Neil E. Kay, George A. Calin
Journal: Blood (2013)
Acute Granulocytic Leukemia after Radioactive-Iodine Therapy for Hyperthyroidism
Authors: William M. Kennedy, Robert G. Fish
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

FIVE cases of acute leukemia after radioactive-iodine (I131) therapy of hyperthyroidism have been reported.1 2 3 4 It has been assumed that the frequency of acute leukemia associated with I131 therapy for this disease corresponds to the expected spontaneous occurrence in the general population. Werner and Quimby,4 in reporting a case of acute leukemia after I131 therapy for hyperthyroidism, note that the addition of their case to those previously reviewed in a recent conference on radioiodine sponsored by the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital, United States Atomic Energy Commission, and the Clinics of the University of Chicago3 resulted in an incidence of 1 . . .
A placebo-controlled, crossover comparison of salmeterol and salbutamol in patients with asthma.
Authors: P Leblanc, A Knight, H Kreisman, C M Borkhoff, P R Johnston
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We compared the effects of salmeterol (Sm) (50 micrograms twice daily) with that of salbutamol (Sb) (200 micrograms four times daily) and placebo (P) in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma with asthma symptoms and related the effectiveness of these therapies between patients who used concurrent inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and those who did not. The study was a 12-wk, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial with 367 adult asthmatics randomized to each trial medication for 4 wk. Inhaled Sb was provided as rescue medication to all patients throughout the trial. Only 80% of patients, albeit the majority, were receiving maintenance treatment with ICS throughout this trial; this reflects practice current in early 1990. Each study day, patients recorded their morning and evening peak expiratory flows (PEF), assessment of asthma symptoms, and use of rescue medication. Both morning and evening PEF were greater during treatment with Sm than with Sb (mean differences between the treatments of 29.8 and 14.3 L/min, respectively) or P (27.7 and 20.3 L/min, respectively) (p < 0.0001). Sm was also more effective than Sb or P in lowering diurnal variation in PEF and increasing the percentage of symptom-free days and rescue-free days and nights with no sleep disturbance (p < or = 0.0004). Sb was more effective than P in increasing evening PEF and the percentage of symptom-free days (p < 0.05) and rescue-free days (p < 0.0001). The same clinical superiority of Sm compared with Sb and P was observed in those patients using ICS (p < 0.001 for all treatment comparisons), and to a greater extent than in those patients not using ICS (i.e., Sm was more effective than Sb and P in just six of the 20 treatment comparisons; p < 0.05). In conclusion, Sm 50 micrograms twice daily is effective in the management of mild-to-moderate asthma and it further improves asthma control in patients already using ICS.
Sympathetic denervation in patients with chronic coronary artery disease: relationship to myocardial perfusion and metabolism
Authors: E.D. Engelstein, S.G. Sawada, G.D. Hutchins, S. Straka, R. Sehra, R.L. Faln, R. Amaravadi, D.P. Zipes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A global view of gene expression in lithium and zinc treated sea urchin embryos: new components of gene regulatory networks
Authors: Albert J Poustka, Alexander Kühn, Detlef Groth, Vesna Weise, Shunsuke Yaguchi, Robert D Burke, Ralf Herwig, Hans Lehrach, Georgia Panopoulou
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus has recently been sequenced because it is a major model system for the study of gene regulatory networks. Embryonic expression patterns for most genes are unknown, however. Using large-scale screens on arrays carrying 50% to 70% of all genes, we identified novel territory-specific markers. Our strategy was based on computational selection of genes that are differentially expressed in lithium-treated embryos, which form excess endomesoderm, and in zinc-treated embryos, in which endomesoderm specification is blocked. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis of 700 genes indicates that the apical organ region is eliminated in lithium-treated embryos. Conversely, apical and specifically neural markers are expressed more broadly in zinc-treated embryos, whereas endomesoderm signaling is severely reduced. Strikingly, the number of serotonergic neurons is amplified by at least tenfold in zinc-treated embryos. WISH analysis further indicates that there is crosstalk between the Wnt (wingless int), Notch, and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways in secondary mesoderm cell specification and differentiation, similar to signaling cascades that function during development of presomitic mesoderm in mouse embryogenesis. We provide differential expression data for more than 4,000 genes and WISH patterns of more than 250 genes, and more than 2,400 annotated WISH images. Our work provides tissue-specific expression patterns for a large fraction of the sea urchin genes that have not yet been included in existing regulatory networks and await functional integration. Furthermore, we noted neuron-inducing activity of zinc on embryonic development; this is the first observation of such activity in any organism.
Cancer of the Cervix in Jewish Women
Authors: William B. Ober, Leopold Reiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

CONSPICUOUS in the demography of cancer is the infrequency of cancer of the cervix in Jewish women. Kennaway,1 in 1948, carefully summarized all the available reports relevant to this observation, pointing out that many of the early surveys did not distinguish cancer of the cervix from cancer of the corpus uteri. Review of these reports shows that many of them, including the more recent ones, fail to furnish evidence that the diagnoses were confirmed by the customary routine methods of pathological examination of excised tissue. Other data that were lacking made accurate assessment of the question impossible. Since Kennaway's report . . .
Load dependence of left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations during short-term coronary artery occlusion.
Authors: R J Applegate
Journal: Circulation (1991)

We evaluated the effect of altered loading conditions on left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure-volume relations during acute coronary artery occlusion that was produced by inflation of an intracoronary balloon. Open-chest anesthetized dogs (n = 18) were instrumented so that LV pressure (micromanometer) and LV volume (conductance) could be measured without disturbing the pericardium. The effects of brief periods of occlusion (1-2 minutes) were assessed under steady-state conditions before and after dextran infusion with the pericardium present and absent and during vena caval occlusion. Under steady-state conditions before dextran infusion with the pericardium removed, at an LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) of 8.4 +/- 1.4 mm Hg, occlusion resulted in a rightward shift in the diastolic portion of the LV pressure-volume loop (delta LVEDP, 2.7 +/- 2.3 mm Hg; delta LVEDV, 6.3 +/- 4.7 ml, both p less than 0.05 versus control). After dextran infusion (LVEDP, 20.9 +/- 6.0 mm Hg), occlusion resulted in a rightward and upward shift in the diastolic portion of the LV pressure-volume loop (delta LVEDP, 5.8 +/- 4.4 mm Hg; delta LVEDV, 4.2 +/- 3.0 ml, both p less than 0.05 versus control). At low cardiac volumes before dextran infusion, the intact pericardium did not affect the response to occlusion. By contrast, after dextran infusion in the presence of an intact pericardium, LVEDP significantly increased (delta, 6.4 +/- 3.6 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) but LVDEV did not (delta, 0.7 +/- 1.5 ml, p = NS). There was a parallel upward shift in the diastolic portion of the LV pressure-volume loop that was eliminated by removal of the pericardium. Thus, the change in LV diastolic pressure and volume during occlusion varied and depended on the baseline cardiac volume and presence of the pericardium. Before dextran infusion with the pericardium present and absent, coronary artery occlusion did not alter the LV diastolic chamber stiffness parameter, which was calculated from the diastolic interval of an averaged steady-state beat (0.040 +/- 0.019 versus 0.036 +/- 0.015 mm Hg/ml, p = NS). After dextran infusion with the pericardium present and absent, coronary artery occlusion increased the LV diastolic chamber stiffness parameter (0.057 +/- 0.034 and 0.074 +/- 0.034 mm Hg/ml, both p less than 0.05 versus controls, respectively). Vena caval occlusion eliminated the shifts in the diastolic portion of the LV pressure-volume loop with the pericardium present and absent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)