tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3190: Capture and molecular characterization of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes
Authors: Ingrid K. Ruf, Hilary Briggs, Muneesh Tewari
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Exosomes are secreted, membrane-bound vesicles of 50-100 nm known to carry cellular messenger RNAs (mRNA) and microRNAs (miRNA). Several reports have indicated that tumor-derived exosomes are released into the circulation of patients with a variety of cancer types, including epithelial ovarian cancer. The goals of this study are (i) to develop methods for specific capture and molecular profiling of ovarian cancer tumor-derived exosomes from blood plasma and (ii) determine whether information carried in tumor-derived exosomes can serve as a reliable surrogate for tumor tissue for measurement of key miRNA and mRNA biomarkers. In our work to date, we have used exosomes derived from conditioned media of ovarian cancer cell lines to develop and optimize methods for the isolation and physical characterization of exosomes. Using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) technology (NanoSight, Inc.) to directly count and accurately size exosome populations, our initial data indicates that traditional ultracentrifugation protocols may fail to recover a major fraction of exosomes present in conditioned media. The basis for this finding is currently under investigation and the latest results will be presented. In parallel, we are developing affinity capture approaches to isolate specific subpopulations of exosomes using antibodies directed against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and other exosomal surface proteins. Initial results indicate that a subpopulation of ovarian cancer-derived exosomes can be purified in this manner; molecular characterization of exosomal contents is in progress. Finally, we are analyzing clinical plasma specimens from patients and controls to: (i) test whether bulk properties of exosomes (e.g., size and number) differ between cases and controls, and (ii) perform specific capture of tumor-derived plasma exosomes and compare exosomal mRNA/miRNA profiles to matched tumor tissue to determine the degree of concordance between exosomal and tissue RNA profiles. Latest results from these studies will be presented. Ultimately, we anticipate that this work will lead to methods for molecular phenotyping of epithelial ovarian cancers in individual patients using a blood-based approach. This work was supported in part by a Stand Up To Cancer/AACR Innovative Research Grant to M. Tewari. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3190. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3190
Goodman &amp;amp; Gilman's CD-ROM: Goodman &amp;amp; Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
Authors: Robert C. Hastings
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The CD-ROM version of Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (G&G) was tested on a Gateway 2000 computer running at 90 MHz with a Phillips 2X CD-ROM driver under Windows 95. Installation was straightforward and intuitive. The accompanying documentation is excellent and covers both Mac and Windows operating systems (95, 3.1, Workgroups 3.11, and NT), including network installations. Minimal system requirements are a 386 or higher processor (except 386SX), 4 MB RAM, 6 MB available hard disk space, and VGA or better monitor.  The CD-ROM contains the full text and all the tables, charts, diagrams, and appendices of the printed version. Additionally, it contains abstracts from the MEDLINE database of the most frequently cited journal articles since 1990 in the book's bibliography. These come from an impressive list of over 50 leading journals, ranging from the American Journal of Cardiology to the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Psychosocial Factors in Gastrointestinal Illness
Authors: Barrie R. Cassileth, Douglas A. Drossman
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses represent a paradigm of psychosomatic medicine. Nearly half of patients seen in GI practice present with functional illnesses, and patients commonly complain of symptoms that have coexisting organic and functional etiologies. This chapter addresses the connected nature of psychosocial factors and GI function, disease and outcome in the context of the biopsychosocial model, which allows illness to be examined from the encompassing perspective of interacting system, from the cellular to the environmental. This perspective also helps explain why biologic events such as oncogene alteration can produce heterogeneous clinical and biological responses. Links between gut and brain, involving neuroendocrine associations of the enteric nervous system and its connections with the spinal, autonomic and central nervous systems, are well documented. Neural connections allow information to affect GI secretion and motility. Disturbances in one component of the system can lead to brain-gut effects, such as dysmotility and mood disturbance. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment require clear understanding of biologic, psychologic, and social contributory events. In chronic unexplained GI illnesses, the appropriate clinical approach may be to suspend the search for structural disease, and work instead to assess and treat the physical symptoms and psychosocial problems at hand.
Cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which environmental oestrogens influence reproductive function
Authors: M. Rosselli
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

The biology and physiology of the male as well as female reproductive system is hormonally regulated. Abnormalities in the dynamics of hormone production, metabolism and elimination, as well as their binding to certain target tissues, has been associated with pathophysiological conditions of the reproductive system. Although oestrogens are known to be one of the major hormone groups in regulating the reproductive function and the fertilization process, the cellular and biochemical mechanism or mechanism(s) via which oestrogens induce their effects are still not fully defined. Moreover, in a modern environment we are also exposed to a wide battery of environmental agents which are structurally similar to oestrogens, and termed `environmental oestrogens'. Because environmental oestrogens have been shown to mimic some of the effects of oestradiol, it has been postulated that these exogenous chemicals may influence or interfere with the oestrogen-dependent reproductive processes, and may be associated with beneficial as well as deleterious effects on the reproductive system. In this regard, two classes of environmental oestrogens have been widely studied, i.e. phyto-oestrogens (plant-derived dietary oestrogens) and xeno-oestrogens (industrial chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT, TCDD, dioxins, etc.). The main focus of this review is to provide an overview on the cellular and biochemical mechanism(s) by which xeno-oestrogens and phyto-oestrogens influence the oestrogen-dependent reproductive functions and induce their deleterious or protective effects on the reproductive system.
Depression and SSRI use in pregnancy associated with traits of autism in children
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Children are more likely to have some symptoms of autism if their mother was depressed during pregnancy, a prospective study in the British Journal of Psychiatry has indicated.1 Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) could raise that risk further, it also found.

The findings come after those of two other studies—one prospective and one retrospective—that also indicated that prenatal exposure to SSRIs raised the risk of childhood autism spectrum disorder.2 3 But commentators have warned that the results did not necessarily mean that pregnant women should not take antidepressants, because untreated depression is associated with its own risks to mother and baby.

The latest study included 376 children whose mothers had depressive symptoms while pregnant but did not take SSRIs, 69 children whose mothers had depression and took SSRIs, and 5531 children whose mothers did not have depression. …
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of High-Dose Human Regular U-500 Insulin Versus Human Regular U-100 Insulin in Healthy Obese Subjects
Authors: Amparo de la Peña, Matthew Riddle, Linda A. Morrow, Honghua H. Jiang, Helle Linnebjerg, Adam Scott, Khin M. Win, Marcus Hompesch, Kenneth F. Mace, Jennie G. Jacobson, Jeffrey A. Jackson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Human regular U-500 (U-500R) insulin (500 units/mL) is increasingly being used clinically, yet its pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) have not been well studied. Therefore, we compared PK and PD of clinically relevant doses of U-500R with the same doses of human regular U-100 (U-100R) insulin (100 units/mL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a single-site, randomized, double-blind, crossover euglycemic clamp study. Single subcutaneous injections of 50- and 100-unit doses of U-500R and U-100R were administered to 24 healthy obese subjects. RESULTS Both overall insulin exposure (area under the serum insulin concentration versus time curve from zero to return to baseline [AUC0-t’]) and overall effect (total glucose infused during a clamp) were similar between formulations at both 50- and 100-unit doses (90% [CI] of ratios contained within [0.80, 1.25]). However, peak concentration and effect were significantly lower for U-500R at both doses (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Both formulations produced relatively long durations of action (18.3 to 21.5 h). Time-to-peak concentration and time to maximum effect were significantly longer for U-500R than U-100R at the 100-unit dose (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Time variables reflective of duration of action (late tRmax50, tRlast) were prolonged for U-500R versus U-100R at both doses (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall exposure to and action of U-500R insulin after subcutaneous injection were no different from those of U-100R insulin. For U-500R, peaks of concentration and action profiles were blunted and the effect after the peak was prolonged. These findings may help guide therapy with U-500R insulin for highly insulin-resistant patients with diabetes.
Atlas of Surgical Anatomy for General Surgeons
Authors: Darvan A. Moosman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This 361-page book contains 14 sections, including the neck, thyroid and parathyroid, breast, diaphragm, abdominal wall and viscera, common and rare hernias, testis, inferior vena cava, and the superficial veins of the lower limb. The right-hand pages display large, labeled illustrations, sketches, and helpful schematic diagrams and insets, many in color. On the facing pages, brief paragraphs or lists review the pertinent anatomical and practical considerations and afford an easy reference to the illustrations. Basic embryology is included, along with some congenital anomalies. The gross and surgical anatomy of selected regions and organs, including adjacent structures, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, are presented in a clear and logical manner. Some data are included without literature citation. In recent years gross anatomy instruction has been neglected and so attenuated in the basic science curricula of many medical schools that it has become almost an orphan in anatomy departments. This is a serious
Anti-hepatitis C virus in nonAnonB patients responding and non-responding to alpha-2A interferon
Authors: G. Saracco, M. Houghton, G. Kuo, Q.L. Choo, F. Rosina, V. Lattore, M.R.Torrani Cerenzia, L. Chiandussi, F. Bonino, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
The Art of Self-Mutilation
Authors: Kenneth M. Halprin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In this form of self-induced skin disease, patients deny all knowledge of the origin of their lesions. This characteristic sets them apart from those patients with neurotic excoriations or delusions of parasitosis which were discussed in parts 1 and 2. Although such knowledge is overtly denied, it is certainly known to the patient and is either denied through the psychological unacceptability of the fact or through the conscious effort to deceive as in cases of malingering for financial or other reward. The appearance of lesions is usually heralded by a "burrowing" or "crawling" sensation in a local area. A day or two later necrotic lesions of bizarre configuration appear rather suddenly in areas which are easily accessible. They are asymmetric, appear singly or in crops, show no evidence of a primary papule or vesicle, and heal readily with scarring. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by biopsy evidence of a lack of
Designing Smarter Pay-for-Performance Programs
Authors: Aaron McKethan, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Microscopical Examination of Material Containing Filterable Viruses, and the Limits of Visibility
Authors: A. C. Coles
Journal: BMJ (1929)

91face presneltation abdominally-, while the diagnosis is easily mtiade fromn the iectum as sooioi as the face is within reach of the examining finger; I have seen it so miade by a pupil miiidwife on sev-eral occasions.Let uis consider the p)ositioll of thie miidwi-ife w-ith regard to v-aginal examiniationi, ill view of the folur inidicationis toi it w-hichl I have already givenl.1.If onie of hel patients bleeds ante partumi, her dultt is to summon nedical aid; vagilnal examiniationl should be done, niot by her, bnt by the doctor -ho is goinig to treat the latienit.2. I:f slhe has a case of breech presentation, she slhouldl again obtaiin medical aid.BN the existing Cen-itral Midwives Board rules she is allow-ed to tr eat the uncomplicated breech, but who cain be certain-that a breeclh w-ill be uncomplicated until delivery is in progiress?The third anid fonrith indications are not applicable to the miidwvife.1 therefore hoIld that it is n1ot necessary for m)idlwives to make vag,inal examiniationis, and vry desirable that they shlouldble forbiddeni to do so.Lastl, I should like to poilnt ouit that if a dloctor m--akes io vaginial examination, oii a given l)atient, anid slie sub- sequentlv develops p)uelpelal sep)sis, he cani be quite clear in his owin miiinid that bie hias niot initroduced the infection.
When the Cup of Gratitude Runneth Over
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

After experiencing acute attacks of writer's cramp from overuse of the blue pencil, an editor feels grateful to those authors whose flawless prose gives the overworked editorial digits a well-deserved rest. Lest this gratitude remain unacknowledged, I have excerpted the following memorable passages from recently submitted manuscripts: "The patient had no evidence of heart disease at that<i>time</i>," writes Dr A. Note how gracefully the author avoided geometricizing the sentence. He could have said that "the patient had no evidence of heart disease at that<i>point</i>of time." "Diagnosis and treatment had to be reconsidered," writes Dr B. Observe the restraint. Dr B could have hyped the sentence by stating that "diagnosis and treatment underwent an<i>agonizing reappraisal</i>." "Antibiotic therapy was begun and was continued for two weeks," Dr C informs us. Just think of the alternative. The author might have said that "the<i>patient</i>was begun on antibiotics and
Bone-Marrow Mast Cells in Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: DAL YOO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Increased bone-marrow mast-cell content and lymphoproliferative disorders have been previously linked. Using a semiquantitative method we examined bone-marrow mast-cell content in 120 marrow specimens from patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and reactive lymphocytosis. Results indicated a statistically significant increase of marrow mast-cell content in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and reactive lymphocytosis when compared with iron-deficient control subjects (p ≤ 0.0005). Patients with multiple myeloma had decreased marrow mast-cell content, clearly separating them from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and reactive lymphocytosis. Linear regression plot of marrow mast-cell content against percentage of marrow lymphocytes showed a direct relation, indicating that marrow mast-cell density may be related more to the degree of lymphoid proliferation than to the specific lymphoproliferative process. Marrow mast-cell content may therefore be reproducibly determined and used to support the morphologic diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders and differentiate them from atypical myelomas.
A CASE OF PITYRIASIS RUBRA PILARIS, WITH HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
Authors: J. LIDDELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1895)

THE morbid condition of the skin to which I desire to direct your attention is one of comparative rarity.The only cases hitherto recorded in this country are those described by Tarral,* Hillier,?Tilbury Fox,: Hilton Fagge,$ and Jamieson.11It is probable, however, that some cases have been overlooked or confounded with other conditions.Yet its clinical features are so distinctive that it may be recognized with ease.The name l'ityriasis rubra pilaris very well indicates the clinical features, since there is exfoliation of scales, redness of the skin, and evident implication of the hair.Besnier,f[ in his excellent monograph, deals with the subject exhaustively, and Dr.W. Taylor ** has given some beautiful illustrations of the disease under the name of lichen ruber.I will now proceed to give the clinical history and treatment of a case which was under my care last year.Next, I shall give the results of the histological examination and conclude by briefly referring to the pathogenesis.H. H., aged 12 years, a school-girl, the subject of a skin affection, was admitted into the Heatherdene Convalescent Home, Harrogate, on March 6th, 1894.She stated that she did not remember on what part, or at what age, the eruption began.She knew she had suffered from it as far back as she could remember.No other member of the family was affected by a skin disease.I was informed that the family was in very poor circumstances, and that the girl, in respect *
Online feedback–controlled renal constant infusion clearances in rats
Authors: Daniel Schock-Kusch, Yury Shulhevich, Qing Xie, Juergen Hesser, Dzmitry Stsepankou, Sabine Neudecker, Jochen Friedemann, Stefan Koenig, Ralf Heinrich, Friederike Hoecklin, Johannes Pill, Norbert Gretz
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Interaction between cadmium and selenium in rat plasma
Authors: T. A. Gasiewicz, J. C. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The metabolism of (75)Se-labeled SeO(3) (2-) and its conversion by intact rat erythrocytes in vitro to a form which complexes with Cd and plasma proteins were studied. By utilizing both excess SeO(3) (2-) and N-ethylmaleimide to lower erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations, it was shown that the uptake and metabolism of SeO(3) (2-) were GSH-dependent, the probable intermediate being glutathione selenotrisulfide (GSSeSG). Secondary release of selenium by rat erythrocytes had no relation to the erythrocyte transport of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). While fluoride depressed and chromate increased GSSG transport, chromate, a glutathione reductase inhibitor, decreased selenium release. This release appeared to be secondary to a reaction catalyzed by glutathione reductase. The similarity of I(50) values for chromate's inhibition of glutathione reductase and for the inhibition of selenium release further suggested a relationship between these two events. H(2)Se or a similar product of GSSeSG reduction is proposed to be the active product of SeO(3) (2-) metabolism by rat erythrocytes. By use of gel-filtration and ion-exchange methods it was noted that the incubation of H(2)Se with cadmium and plasma produced a Cd-Se complex indistinguishable from that produced by incubation of Cd, SeO(3) (2-), plasma, and erythrocytes in vitro, or that noted following the administration of Cd and SeO(3)in vivo. A mechanism whereby the tissue distribution and toxicity of cadmium are altered by selenium is suggested.
Earlier diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction necessitates the need for a 'new diagnostic mind-set'.
Authors: R Roberts, N S Kleiman
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Triaging patients suspected of myocardial infarction is performed primarily in the coronary care unit, with infarction determined within 12 to 24 hours, and only about 20% are subsequently shown to have myocardial infarction. Plasma MB CK is not elevated until 8 to 10 hours after onset, and the ECG is unreliable; thus, the need has arisen for a new "diagnostic mind-set." The need is threefold: (1) more effective triaging in the emergency room to prevent unnecessary use of hospital beds, particularly those in the intensive care units, (2) to administer thrombolytic therapy in the early hours, and (3) earlier detection of coronary reocclusion and reinfarction. Diagnostic imaging techniques such as pyrophosphate, thallium-201 technetium sestamibi, or positron emitting agents lack the necessary early diagnostic specificity, but echocardiography has potential although its specificity is limited. Plasma CK isoforms provide diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 94%, respectively, within the initial 4 to 6 hours of onset and can be assayed within minutes. In a prospective study of 1100 patients suspected of infarction, with conventional MB CK, 22% of the patients admitted to the coronary care unit would have had infarction, whereas using the CK isoforms, 75% had infarction and about 50% were discharged home. A scenario for the future might be to initiate thrombolytic therapy outside the hospital (eg, recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator [r-TPA] 20 mg bolus) and upon arrival, confirm or exclude infarction by the MB CK isoform which can be performed in the emergency room in 20 minutes to determine whether thrombolytic therapy and heparin should be continued.
New "academic trusts" will signal start of reorganisation of NHS in England
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Creating academic health trusts in England is just the first stage of reconstruction of the health service that will see a rationalisation of organisations in the next few years, say those bidding for the new type of trust.

The health minister Ara Darzi called for the establishment of academic health science centres in England when he published his plans to overhaul London’s health services in July 2007 ( BMJ 2007;335:61; doi:10.1136/bmj.39273.467697.DB). 

The centres of excellence will straddle academic and clinical medicine and help deliver groundbreaking treatments to patients’ bedsides more quickly. They will be run along the lines of Massachusetts Hospital and Harvard Medical School in the United States and allow patients …