tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Collapse in Acute Poliomyelitis
Authors: J. A. HILDES, A. SCHABERG, A. J. W. ALCOCK
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Cardiovascular collapse accounted for approximately one-third of the deaths from acute poliomyelitis in two epidemics. This syndrome occurred early in the disease and only in cases of bulbar involvement. In all cases there was morphologic involvement of the medulla and in 75 per cent of the cases there was a varying degree of myocarditis. There was a much smaller incidence of less severe myocarditis in the cases dying of other causes. It is suggested that the combination of sustained vasoconstriction arising as a result of the medullary lesion and the presence of interstitial myocarditis leads to circulatory failure and pulmonary edema.
High dose of intravenous antithrombin III without heparin in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation and organ failure in four children
Authors: Shigeto Fuse, Hideshi Tomita, Masaki Yoshida, Tsukasa Hori, Chiharu Igarashi, Shigeru Fujita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

In several animal experiments, high doses of antithrombin III concentrates have shown beneficial effects on mortality and reversal of coagulation abnormalities which had resulted from disseminated intravascular coagulation. Other experiments have suggested that antithrombin III infusion without heparin is effective in the treatment of organ failure. We clinically treated children suffering disseminated intravascular coagulation only with antithrombin concentrate. Four patients suffering disseminated intravascular coagulation with organ failure were selected. We started antithrombin III concentrate infusion as soon as the diagnosis was established. The dosage of antithrombin III was 120–250 units/kg/day for 2 or 3 days. Heparin was not used. All 4 patients recovered completely and quickly without any complications within 14 days. We suggest that the high-dose antithrombin III infusion without heparin is an effective and safe therapy for disseminated intravascular coagulation with organ failure. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lung Cancer Pathway
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risk-adjusted therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia can decrease treatment burden and improve survival: treatment results of 2169 unselected pediatric and adolescent patients enrolled in the trial ALL-BFM 95
Authors: Anja Möricke, Alfred Reiter, Martin Zimmermann, Helmut Gadner, Martin Stanulla, Michael Dördelmann, Lutz Löning, Rita Beier, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Richard Ratei, Jochen Harbott, Joachim Boos, Georg Mann, Felix Niggli, Andreas Feldges, Günter Henze, Karl Welte, Jörn-Dirk Beck, Thomas Klingebiel, Charlotte Niemeyer, Felix Zintl, Udo Bode, Christian Urban, Helmut Wehinger, Dietrich Niethammer, Hansjörg Riehm, Martin Schrappe
Journal: Blood (2008)
Risk Stratification After Myocardial Infarction Using Signal-Averaged Electrocardiographic Criteria Adjusted for Sex, Age, and Myocardial Infarction Location
Authors: Pierre Savard, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, John Ferguson, Nicole Poitras, Patrick Morel, Richard F. Davies, Duncan J. Stewart, Mario Talajic, Martin Gardner, Robert Dupuis, Claude Lauzon, Bruce Sussex, Louise Potvin, Wayne Warnica
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The objectives were to investigate the factors influencing signal-averaged ECGs (SAECGs) recorded in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) and to develop criteria for predicting arrhythmic events (AEs) that account for these factors. Methods and Results SAECGs were recorded 5 to 15 days after MI in 2461 patients without bundle-branch block. The duration (QRSd), terminal potential (VRMS), and terminal duration (LAS) of the filtered QRS were measured. During follow-up (17±8 months), AEs (arrhythmic death; ventricular tachycardia, VT; ventricular fibrillation, VF) occurred in 80 patients (3.3%). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that QRSd discriminated patients with all types of AEs, but VRMS and LAS discriminated only VT patients; QRSd minus LAS also discriminated AE patients. Sex, age, and MI location significantly affected the SAECG; survivors without VT or VF were divided into subgroups (2 sex×4 age×2 MI), and QRSd values exceeding the 70th percentile in each subgroup predicted AEs with a sensitivity of 65.4%. An unadjusted QRSd criterion showed the same overall sensitivity and specificity but with less uniform values for each subgroup. A Cox model was constructed by use of multiple prognostic indicators, and in rank order, QRSd, previous MI, and Killip class were predictive of AEs. Conclusions SAECG adjustments for sex, age, and MI location did not improve sensitivity and specificity but produced a more uniform predictive performance. The proposed criteria are based only on QRSd, because late potentials (VRMS and LAS) did not discriminate patients with sudden death. Duration of high-level activity during QRS (QRSd−LAS) can predict AEs, suggesting that the arrhythmogenic substrate involves a large mass of myocardium.
Blood, Blood Products, and AIDS
Authors: Edgar H. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Undertaking a review of the recently published<i>Blood, Blood Products, and</i> AIDS was done with some hesitation because of the barrage of publications, scientific and otherwise, that we as medical readers are subjected to at this time. However, the editors have gathered a group of contributors who have an international scope of experience, both in the basic sciences of virology and immunocompetency and in transfusion medicine and hematology. In this manner, this international compendium of short treatises covers the relationship of blood and blood products to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While the editors appropriately leave out clinical description of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its treatment, infection, epidemiology, and transfusion-associated inoculation are approached in a straightforward, factual manner, with abundant referencing and documentation where scientific material is being discussed. It is noted with some poignancy that this disease, especially among hemophiliacs, covers a broad age range, from newborn to
Recipient-type specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells favor immune reconstitution and control graft-versus-host disease while maintaining graft-versus-leukemia
Authors: Aurélie Trenado, Frédéric Charlotte, Sylvain Fisson, Micael Yagello, David Klatzmann, Benoît L. Salomon, José L. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg's) play a pivotal role in preventing organ-specific autoimmune diseases and in inducing tolerance to allogeneic organ transplants. We and others recently demonstrated that high numbers of Treg's can also modulate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) if administered in conjunction with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. In a clinical setting, it would be impossible to obtain enough freshly purified Treg's from a single donor to have a therapeutic effect. Thus, we performed regulatory T cell expansion ex vivo by stimulation with allogeneic APCs, which has the additional effect of producing alloantigen-specific regulatory T cells. Here we show that regulatory T cells specific for recipient-type alloantigens control GVHD while favoring immune reconstitution. Irrelevant regulatory T cells only mediate a partial protection from GVHD. Preferential survival of specific regulatory T cells, but not of irrelevant regulatory T cells, was observed in grafted animals. Additionally, the use of specific regulatory T cells was compatible with some form of graft-versus-tumor activity. These data suggest that recipient-type specific Treg's could be preferentially used in the control of GVHD in future clinical trials.
THE MARCH OF SANITATION.
Authors: WALTER WYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The invitation to deliver an address on this occasion was so great an honor that all other obligations and duties were set aside, and its acceptance seemed imperative. There was an element, also, of genuine pleasure in the thought of revisiting Charleston, so notable for its hospitality, its social and intellectual atmosphere, its beautiful location on the shore of the South Atlantic, and so crowded with historical events of the greatest interest and importance. It is, indeed, a privilege to address an audience composed of the citizens of this city, the learned faculty of this time honored institution of learning, and this graduating class, now receiving the parchment certificates testifying to their faithful and successful devotion during long years of earnest study, and granting them the right to grapple with human ills, to administer to human suffering. There is an added interest in the fact that the public service which
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome: clinical findings in three patients carrying the G608G mutation in LMNA and review of the literature
Authors: J. Mazereeuw-Hautier, L.C. Wilson, S. Mohammed, D. Smallwood, S. Shackleton, D.J. Atherton, J.I. Harper
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature ageing disorder that belongs to a group of conditions called laminopathies which affect nuclear lamins. Classical and atypical forms of HGPS have been reported and there are clinical overlaps with mandibulo-acral dysplasia and restrictive dermopathy. To date, mutations in two genes, LMNA and ZMPSTE24, have been found in patients with HGPS. The p.G608G LMNA mutation is the most commonly reported mutation. Correlations between genotype and phenotype in children with progeroid syndromes are beginning to emerge. To establish whether the LMNA p.G608G mutation is associated with a particular phenotype of HGPS. We reviewed the clinical features and skin histology of three children with HGPS associated with the p.G608G LMNA mutation, and compared our findings with those reported in the literature. Our patients shared a very similar presentation and clinical course. Skin changes were the earliest finding in all three. Skin histology showed nonspecific changes only. The LMNA p.G608G mutation results in a uniform phenotype through early to mid-childhood, in keeping with that described in classical HGPS. Skin changes are the earliest distinctive clinical finding and should prompt careful physical and radiological examination for other features of HGPS. Skin biopsy for histology is not a useful investigation when a diagnosis of HGPS is suspected.
Alpha toxin from Clostridium perfringens induces proinflammatory changes in endothelial cells.
Authors: M Bunting, D E Lorant, A E Bryant, G A Zimmerman, T M McIntyre, D L Stevens, S M Prescott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Alpha toxin from Clostridium perfringens type A, a phospholipase C, has been implicated in many of the localized and systemic features of gas gangrene. We demonstrated that human endothelial cells synthesize two vasoactive lipids, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and prostacyclin, in response to alpha toxin treatment. The stimulated synthesis of PAF required the enzymatic activity of the toxin and subsequent protein kinase C activation. Alpha toxin-treated endothelial cells accumulated the products of the phospholipase C reaction, diacylglycerol and ceramide, and exhibited a decrease in the enzymatic precursors phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Furthermore, the temporal accumulation of PAF depended on the concentration of the toxin in the overlying medium and was blocked in the presence of a neutralizing antibody. The cultured endothelial cells also exhibited enhanced neutrophil adhesion in response to alpha toxin which was mediated through the PAF receptor and P-selectin. P-selectin expression by endothelial cells and extravascular neutrophil accumulation were also observed in tissue sections from alpha toxin-injected Sprague-Dawley rats. These endothelial cell-mediated processes are important in maintaining vascular homeostasis and, when activated in a dysregulated manner by C. perfringens alpha toxin, may contribute to localized and systemic manifestations of gas gangrene including enhanced vascular permeability, localized neutrophil accumulation, and myocardial dysfunction.
Soviets Attack Alcohol Problem Anew, This Time Armed With 'Perestroika'
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IN MAY 1985, barely two months after entering office, General Secretary of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Mikhail Gorbachev signed into law the resolution "On Measures to Overcome Drunkenness and Alcoholism." Shortly thereafter, the Council of Ministers created a new government agency, the All-Union Voluntary Temperance Promotion Society. As some of the first acts of his administration, those measures have become a major symbol of Gorbachev's revolutionary reforms designed to restructure Soviet society, Soviet specialists say. James West, MD, a general surgeon who helped perform the world's first organ transplant, is standing on the platform at the gleaming white train station in Simferopol, the largest city in the Crimea. Together with four compatriots, West, the personal emissary of former First Lady Betty Ford, is being met by an official delegation. (West, 73, is now medical director of the Betty Ford Center, Rancho Mirage, Calif.) It is 6:30 in the
Mechanisms of lower oesophageal sphincter incompetence in patients with symptomatic gastrooesophageal reflux.
Authors: J Dent, R H Holloway, J Toouli, W J Dodds
Journal: Gut (1988)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> The association between visual impairment (VI) and the risk of dementia has been poorly understood. We sought to investigate the VI-dementia relationship in the UK Biobank Study. <h3>METHODS</h3> A total of 117,187 volunteers (aged 40-69 years) deemed free of dementia at baseline were included. Habitual distance visual acuity worse than 0.3 logMAR units in the better-seeing eye was used to define VI. The incident dementia was based on electronically linked hospital inpatient and death records. <h3>RESULTS</h3> During a median follow up of 5.96 years, the presence of VI was significantly associated with incident dementia (HR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.18-2.68, P=0.006). There was a clear trend between the severity of VI and the risk of dementia (P for trend=0.002). <h3>DISCUSSION</h3> Visually impaired individuals were more likely to develop incident dementia, with a progressively greater risk among those with worse visual acuity. Our findings highlight the value of regular vision screening and elimination of VI. <h3>HIGHLIGHTS</h3> The association between VI and dementia has been poorly understood; VI is associated with incident dementia in non-demented adults; There is a clear trend between the severity of VI and the risk of dementia; VI may be a marker of increased dementia risk. <h3>RESEARCH IN CONTEXT</h3> <h3>SYSTEMATIC REVIEW</h3> We searched and reviewed the literature using traditional sources (e.g., PubMed and GoogleScholar). While the association between VI and cognitive function/decline are increasingly studies, investigation of the association between VI and the risk of dementia has been largely overlooked. <h3>INTERPRETATION</h3> We found that visually impaired individuals were more likely to develop incident dementia, with a progressively greater risk among those with worse visual acuity. Our findings imply that VI may be an important marker of dementia. <h3>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h3> These findings call for more studies to investigate (a) the role of visual acuity changes on the risk of dementia; (b) the relationship between other components of visual function and incident dementia; (c) the relationship between eye diseases and incident dementia; and (d) the potential benefits of vision rehabilitation on dementia prevention.
Fashion and the Unconscious
Authors: Judith S. Yongue
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Originally published in 1953, this 1987 reprint of Edmond Bergler's work indicates a renewed interest in his theory and unique analytic style. Both are well demonstrated in this volume. The former speaks to the narcissistic personality disorders and their link to masochism, the latter anticipates the active and qi directive approach of Davenloo and Sifneos. Taking issue with the anthropological viewpoint of fashion motivated by modesty, protection, and decoration, Bergler emphasized the unconscious in his thesis: "Clothes are a masculine invention, secondarily thrust upon women, and serve to protect men from their unconscious fear of the female body." "Conspicuous tastelessness in dress is mostly an unconscious pseudoaggressive and defensive attack on the enshrined mother image." He proceeded to show how clothes may be used as defenses against and elaborations of the universal neurotic conflict of masochism. Bergler saw the preoedipal development of masochism and defenses against it to preserve and
Treatment of Osteomyelitis
Authors: E. I. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1939)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The Royal College of Physicians’ <i>Acute care toolkit 8</i> recommends procedural training for medical registrars at all hospitals. We aimed to determine the interest and need, and to pilot the delivery of such training in the procedures outlined by the Joint Royal Colleges of Physicians Training Board (2017). <h3>Methods</h3> An online survey was sent to general internal medicine (GIM) trainees within the Thames Valley Deanery in January 2019. This identified a need for procedure skills training. Ninety per cent of trainees felt simulation training would improve their confidence in the outlined procedures. <h3></h3> We trialled a simulation programme for GIM registrars between September 2019 and October 2019. Sessions lasted 3–3.5 hours and trainees rotated through four stations. Feedback was obtained from trainees and trainers during each pilot session. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-two trainees attended across both sites. Excellent feedback was obtained and trainee confidence improved by visual analogue scale scoring post-training for all procedures. Almost 90% of trainees felt the sessions would improve safety on GIM on calls. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Simulation training is an effective way to improve trainee confidence in procedural skills and this pilot shows such training is desired and necessitated in higher specialty training. Further work will assess its impact on maintaining trainee skillsets and impact on patient safety.
Physicians' Experience with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome as a Factor in Patients' Survival
Authors: Mari M. Kitahata, Thomas D. Koepsell, Richard A. Deyo, Clare L. Maxwell, Wayne T. Dodge, Edward H. Wagner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Previous studies have found that patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who are admitted to hospitals that admit many such patients have lower mortality rates than patients in hospitals with less experience with AIDS. We examined the relation between physicians' experience with AIDS and the survival of their patients with AIDS.
Efficacy of Radionuclide Scanning in Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Richard J. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ninety-two patients with histologically proved carcinoma of the lung were studied retrospectively to determine the usefulness of liver, brain, and bone imaging in their examination and treatment. Occult metastatic liver disease was observed in two (5.3%) of 38 asymptomatic patients, while four (6.6%) of 58 neurologically intact patients had abnormal brain scans. Eight (13.6%) of 59 asymptomatic patients had metastatic bone disease. Seven (18.4%) of 38 patients with no clinical evidence of metastatic disease to liver, brain, or bone had at least one type of abnormal radionuclide study. More than half (52.5%) of the patients studied had at least one abnormal scan exclusive of symptoms. Radionuclide imaging is a useful procedure in the initial evaluation and subsequent management of lung cancer.
Life and Death under High Technology Medicine
Authors: A J Dunning
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Ian Robinson Manchester University Press, pounds sterling40, pp 284 ISBN 0 7190 3590 2

The Fulbright Commission, intellectual bridgebuilder between Britain and the United States, sponsors colloquiums on topics of mutual interest, in this case high technology medicine. The subject is not easy to define, for it has to do with prenatal screening as well as with artificial hearts …
Margin Assessment in Breast Cancer Lumpectomy Specimens with Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy(Drs)
Authors: L.L. De Boer, B.G. Molenkamp, J. Wesseling, B.H.W. Hendriks, T.M. Bydlon, T.J.M. Ruers
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed by Nurses
Authors: P. Goodfellow
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The aim of flexible sigmoidoscopy is to visualise the distal colon and rectum in order to detect pathological conditions that are causing symptoms, or to diagnose asymptomatic diseases such as colorectal polyps and carcinoma. In addition, pathological conditions identified at sigmoidoscopy can often be treated during the same endoscopic session.