tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of High Incidence of Neurally Mediated Ventricular Arrhythmias by Afferent Nerve Stimulation in Dogs
Authors: Xiaohong Zhou, Frank L. Vance, Anthony L. Sims, Catherine M. Sreenan, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —This study tested the hypothesis that the high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias caused by hypothalamic stimulation during acute myocardial ischemia could be attenuated by afferent nerve stimulation and investigated the cardiac mechanisms for those effects. Methods and Results —In 18 anesthetized dogs, stimulating electrodes were implanted in the hypothalamus and in the isolated left peroneal nerve. The chest was opened and approximately 100 plunge needles were inserted into the ventricles for 3-D activation mapping. Each animal underwent 4 episodes of 2.5 minutes of acute myocardial ischemia. The first and fourth episodes served as controls. During the second and third episodes, animals received either hypothalamic stimulation, peroneal nerve stimulation, or both. Hypothalamic stimulation significantly increased the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. This high incidence was reduced 34% by simultaneous stimulation of the hypothalamus and peroneal nerve. 3-D mapping showed a focal origin for all ventricular arrhythmias. Hypothalamic stimulation increased the number of arrhythmic beats and decreased the coupling interval between each arrhythmic beat and the preceding beat. These effects were reduced by peroneal nerve stimulation. Conclusions —Alteration in autonomic tone by hypothalamic stimulation causes a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia that can be decreased by afferent nerve stimulation.
The αβ T Cell Response to Self-Glycolipids Shows a Novel Mechanism of CD1b Loading and a Requirement for Complex Oligosaccharides
Authors: Abdijapar Shamshiev, Alena Donda, Theodore I Prigozy, Lucia Mori, Vanna Chigorno, Chris A Benedict, Ludwig Kappos, Sandro Sonnino, Mitchell Kronenberg, Gennaro De Libero
Journal: Immunity (2000)
NICE Guideline for Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults
Authors: David L. Simel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters3 January 2012NICE Guideline for Management of Chronic Heart Failure in AdultsDavid L. Simel, MD, MHSDavid L. Simel, MD, MHSFrom Duke University, Durham, NC 27705.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-1-201201030-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I accept the evidence-based suggestion in Mant and colleagues' article (1) that specialists and coordinated care in heart failure clinics can create better outcomes than “usual” care. But I cannot find the evidence base that supports the need for specialist assessment to diagnose chronic heart failure in patients with prior myocardial infarction.Generalists are capable of reviewing echocardiogram reports (generated by appropriately trained echocardiographers) that tell them whether a patient has preserved ejection fraction, systolic dysfunction, or other cardiac abnormality, which can help to further classify patients with heart failure. If these physicians are able to diagnose ...Reference1. Mant J, Al-Mohammad A, Swain S, Laramée P; Guideline Development Group. Management of chronic heart failure in adults: synopsis of the National Institute For Health and clinical excellence guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:252-9. [PMID: 21844551] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Duke University, Durham, NC 27705.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoManagement of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults: Synopsis of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Guideline Jonathan Mant , Abdallah Al-Mohammad , Sharon Swain , Philippe Laramée , and NICE Guideline for Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults Jonathan Mant , Abdallah Al-Mohammad , and Sharon Swain NICE Guideline for Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults Thomas E. Finucane Metrics 3 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 69-70KeywordsConflicts of interestEjection fractionHeart failureMyocardial infarction ePublished: 3 January 2012 Issue Published: 3 January 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Protein and creatine supplements and misdiagnosis of kidney disease
Authors: J. Willis, R. Jones, N. Nwokolo, J. Levy
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Check dietary supplement history before investigating apparently declining renal function

The past five years has seen increasing emphasis on the early detection and treatment of chronic kidney disease, together with reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) alongside serum creatinine values.1 Most laboratories calculate estimated GFR automatically, using age, serum creatinine, gender, and ethnic group.2 Increasing reliance on this value as a marker of chronic kidney disease means that any factor which affects creatinine independently of true changes in renal function may lead patients to be misdiagnosed with kidney disease. Also, doctors have become more aware of the importance of reduction of estimated GFR. We report a series of patients referred for investigation of kidney disease (both acute and chronic) in whom ingestion of protein and creatine supplements led to a high serum creatinine and low reported estimated GFR in the absence of kidney disease.

A 46 year old white man presented with a two month history of flu-like symptoms and headache and was found to be HIV positive. Routine blood tests showed a serum creatinine of 113 μmol/l (normal  90 ml/min/1.73 m2). His CD4 count at the time of diagnosis was 320 cells ×106/l (normal >600 cells ×106/l) with a viral load of 34 344 copies/ml. HIV antiretroviral therapy was started, and one month later at routine review he was found to have a serum creatinine concentration of 166 μmol/l and an estimated GFR of 41 ml/min/1.73 m2. He was referred for …
Interstate Reciprocity in Licensing Physicians
Authors: Daniel S. Hager
Journal: JAMA (1910)

To the Editor:—  The letter by Dr. Dunlop inThe Journal, October 15, p. 1397, is of interest to every old practitioner. The ideals for which state boards were crated were made by the physicians themselves, but it seems that the moment people create an ideal and secure a law to fulfil that ideal, some state board official will invariably try to interpret it as if he were the law itself. Recent experience with one state board seems to indicate that it is trying to make it just as hard as it can for the older practitioner and just as easy as it can for the new graduate. Reasonable educational standards and ten years of reputable practice ought to entitle any one to receive a reciprocal license in any state.
THE TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS OF MEXICAN TYPHUS FROM RAT TO RAT BY POLYPLAX SPINULOSUS
Authors: H. Mooser, M. Ruiz Castaneda, Hans Zinsser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

Polyplax spinulosus, the common rat louse, is easily infected with the virus of typhus by feeding on infected rats. As in the case of Pediculus humanus, such feedings are followed by the appearance of large numbers of Rickettsia prowazeki within the gut of the insect. The virus of Mexican typhus can be transmitted from rat to rat by Polyplax spinulosus by methods of feeding simulating natural conditions. It seems, therefore, that this ectoparasite is an important factor in maintaining an endozoic of Mexican typhus among wild rats.
Hispanic Heart Health
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS
Authors: JANET A. HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The Kahn test was made on 1,000 patients in the Wassermann Laboratory of the Washington University School of Medicine. With the close cooperation between the laboratory and the clinic, we had most favorable conditions for an investigation of the test. Our procedure was to select 1,000 cases, including clinically positive and negative cases, doubtful cases, and a large number of cases under long continued treatment—in short, the general assortment that comes to a large dispensary. On each of these one thousand serums, we made a Wassermann and a Kahn test, and compared the results with each other and with the clinical findings. The routine Wassermann test in use in the laboratory employs 5 per cent, sheep cells and amboceptor and complement in dilution according to daily titration. Before each day's test, amboceptor and complement are titrated, the last tube showing complete hemolysis being considered the unit tube, and two units
Practical problems in recruiting patients with schizophrenia into randomised controlled trials
Authors: H. Lester, S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Thornley and Adams surveyed the content and quality of trials relating to the care of those with schizophrenia.1 They found that studies were of short duration (only 19% with six months of follow up), had few patients (mean number 65), and rarely community based (19%). They concluded that “large studies, of long duration … are needed,” but they did not discuss the possible reasons for these findings.

We are currently undertaking a community based randomised controlled …
Co-operative Effort to Reduce a Waiting-list
Authors: L. W. Aldridge
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Evolution of a Health Team-Fry et al.BRLITSH 183the National Health Service 4 G.P.s to 1 health visitor, to 1 district midwife, and to 1.5 home nurses.These ratios vary from area to area, but they do suggest that units of population of 10,000 could be served by four G.P.s working together with one health visitor, one midwife, and one or two home nurses.Consideration should also be given to the place of an all-purpose nurse cum social worker in general practice.What we are convinced of is that the time is surely past when general practitioners and health visitors worked independently out of sight and out of touch in mutual antagonism.They are endeavouring to provide medical care for the good of our community, and this is, after all, best provided by a joint and co-operative team-approach.We acknowledge the support given to us by Dr. A. Elliott, County Medical Officer of Health of Kent, and to Miss A. Clarke, the Superintendent of Health Visitors of Kent.
Deducing <i>in Vivo</i> Toxicity of Combustion-Derived Nanoparticles from a Cell-Free Oxidative Potency Assay and Metabolic Activation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Tobias Stoeger, Shinji Takenaka, Birgit Frankenberger, Baerbel Ritter, Erwin Karg, Konrad Maier, Holger Schulz, Otmar Schmid
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

The inhalation of combustion-derived nanoparticles (CDNPs) is believed to cause an oxidative stress response, which in turn may lead to pulmonary or even systemic inflammation.In this study we assessed whether the in vivo inflammatory response--which is generally referred to as particle toxicity-of mice to CDNPs can be predicted in vitro by a cell-free ascorbate test for the surface reactivity or, more precisely, oxidative potency (OxPot) of particles.For six types of CDNPs with widely varying particle diameter (10-50 nm), organic content (OC; 1-20%), and specific Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area (43-800 m2/g), OxPot correlated strongly with the in vivo inflammatory response (pulmonary polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx 24 hr after intratracheal particle instillation). However, for CDNPs with high organic content, OxPot could not explain the observed inflammatory response, possibly due to shielding of the OxPot of the carbon core of CDNPs by an organic coating. On the other hand, a pathway-specific gene expression screen indicated that, for particles rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme-mediated biotransformation of bio-available organics may generate oxidative stress and thus enhance the in vivo inflammatory response.The compensatory nature of both effects (shielding of carbon core and biotransformation of PAHs) results in a good correlation between inflammatory response and BET surface area for all CDNPs. Hence, the in vivo inflammatory response can either be predicted by BET surface area or by a simple quantitative model, based on in vitro OxPot and Cyp1a1 induction.
CAH HCV related: Evaluation of five years (1990?1995) therapies with alpha ? interferon
Authors: G BELLONI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Simeprevir (SMV) is a once-daily (QD), oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor approved for treatment of genotype (GT) 1 and GT4 infection. This Phase III, open-label, single-arm study (RESTORE; NCT01567735) evaluated efficacy/safety of SMV with peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin (PR) in patients with chronic HCV GT4 infection.107 patients were included. Treatment-naïve (n = 35) and prior relapse patients (n = 22) received SMV 150 mg QD + PR (12 weeks), followed by PR alone (12 or 36 weeks, response-guided [HCV RNA <25 IU/ml detectable/undetectable at week 4 and <25 IU/ml undetectable at week 12]). Prior non-responders (partial, n = 10; null, n = 40) received SMV/PR (12 weeks), followed by PR for 36 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after end of treatment (SVR12).Median age: 49.0 years; 28.0% Black/African; 7.5% IL28B CC; 28.8% METAVIR F4. Overall, 65.4% (70/107) of patients achieved SVR12 (82.9% [29/35] treatment-naïve; 86.4% [19/22] prior relapsers; 60.0% [6/10] prior partial responders; 40.0% [16/40] prior null responders). In treatment-naïve and prior relapser patients fulfilling response-guided criteria for 24 weeks of treatment (88.6% [31/35] and 90.9% [20/22]), SVR12 rates were high: 93.5% [29/31] and 95.0% [19/20], respectively. Overall on-treatment failure and relapse rates were 23.4% (25/107) and 14.6% (12/82), respectively. Adverse events (AEs) were mainly grade 1/2; serious AEs were infrequent (4.7%) and considered unrelated to SMV.Efficacy and safety of SMV 150 mg QD for 12 weeks with PR in treatment-naïve or -experienced patients with chronic HCV GT4 infection were in line with previous reports for HCV GT1 infection.
An Affirmation of Minorities in Medicine
Authors: Vivian W. Pinn-Wiggins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The article by Keith and his colleagues in this issue of the Journal 1 provides a statistical comparison of data on minority and nonminority physicians who graduated from medical school in 1975. It evaluates specialty choice, practice patterns, and board certification in terms of undergraduate performance and socioeconomic status. The study provides documentation of the contributions of minority and nonminority students who were admitted to medical schools during the time that affirmative-action programs were being most strongly implemented. It also provides evidence (at least for the 1975 graduates) that a larger proportion of minority physicians are contributing to the health care . . .
Hospitals struggle to find enough junior doctors to fill rotas
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Hospital trusts are struggling to fill doctors’ rotas because of a shortage of junior medical staff, and this is increasing pressures on remaining staff, consultants have warned.

Several factors seem to have caused the problem, including fewer foreign doctors coming to the United Kingdom and less flexibility in the training system for junior doctors.

Since the introduction of the modernising medical careers (MMC) scheme in 2005 many junior doctors join run-through training programmes, after two foundation years, which can last up to seven years. The result is that there are fewer doctors in short term posts, who can fill in gaps in the system.

Although most trusts have created additional fixed term specialty training appointments (FTSAs) to provide places for doctors who could not get long term training posts, these have not proved popular. Senior doctors say that juniors do not …
Methemoglobinemia — Sleuthing for a New Cause
Authors: Samuel Charache
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In Eleven Blue Men,1 a medical detective figures out that a group of derelicts have become cyanotic because they have methemoglobinemia — the iron in at least 10 percent of their hemoglobin molecules has become oxidized, from Fe++ to Fe+++. Furthermore, he attributes the methemoglobinemia to their having eaten oatmeal cooked with sodium nitrite instead of sodium chloride. But other people have eaten the same oatmeal without turning blue — why? After further investigation, it seems likely that the derelicts added extra "salt" (really sodium nitrite) to their cereal and that the difference was in the amount ingested, . . .
Thyroid nodules: time to stop over-reporting normal findings and update consensus guidelines
Authors: M. S. Hofman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Brito and colleagues correctly highlight the increased detection of incidental papillary thyroid cancers through computed tomography and ultrasonography, but their suggestion of a randomised trial of immediate treatment versus surveillance is not sensible.1 Such a trial would need large numbers of patients and decades of follow-up, with high cost; it …
Molecular phylogenetic evidence for a reversible morphogenetic switch controlling the gross morphology of two common genera of green seaweeds, Ulva and Enteromorpha
Authors: I. H. Tan, J. Blomster, G. Hansen, E. Leskinen, C. A. Maggs, D. G. Mann, H. J. Sluiman, M. J. Stanhope
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Ulva and Enteromorpha are two of the most common, ubiquitous, and environmentally important genera of green seaweeds. They are widely regarded as easily distinguishable because of their dramatically different morphologies: Ulva species are flat, lettucelike blades two cell layers thick, and Enteromorpha species form hollow liquid- or gas-filled tubes one cell thick, which may also be highly branched. We present molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal RNA ITS sequences from 39 samples representing 21 purported species within these two genera. The results clearly indicate that the two genera are not respectively monophyletic and that the characteristic Ulva and Enteromorpha morphologies have arisen independently several times throughout the evolutionary diversification of the group. The analyses demonstrate that this radical change in gross morphology can also happen within clades exhibiting sequence divergence typical of conspecific assemblages of this group. We suggest that this morphological flexibility is the result of some form of developmental switch that results in either blades or tubes, but that this putative switch must be activated relatively infrequently, since there is evidence that some lineages have retained their form for significant periods. This discovery suggests a possible new model system for study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the interplay between environmental stimuli and plant development.
TUBERCULOSIS: ITS HYGIENE AND DIETETICS.
Authors: A. T. CUZNER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

to over-eat and drink wine at meals, and finally be- came an inebriate.Many cases are traceable where inebriety began at or before puberty, or after then subsided and later in life broke out again without any special causes.The expression "sowing wild oats" often describes a period of excessive use of spirits and
TCT-553 One-Year Cardiovascular and Renal Outcome of Sodium Bicarbonate in Comparison with Saline for Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy After Cardiac Catheterization A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Junichi Tazaki, Mitsuru Abe, Jiro Ando, Daishi Fujita, Yutaka Furukawa, Masao Imai, Takeshi Kimura, Masao Takahashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Presenting With Otalgia and Hearing Impairment
Authors: Yao-Wen Kuo, Kuan-Yu Chen, Yih-Leong Chang, Li-Na Lee, Chong-Jen Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Grade 1 tumors almost never metastasize or invade adjacent structures.However, as this case demonstrates, a subset of grade 1 meningiomas can have malignant potential.One potential predictor of aggressive meningioma is the Ki-67 index, a marker of cell proliferation.The Ki-67 proliferative index (PI) has been identified as an independent predictor of both survival and tumor recurrence in meningiomas, 14 but is not part of the WHO staging system.In a retrospective study by Ohta et al, 14 recurrent meningiomas had a mean PI of 5.7%, metastatic meningiomas had a mean PI of 14.7%, and nonrecurrent, nonmetastatic meningiomas had a mean PI of 1%.In addition to PI, primary tumor appearance on imaging may be useful.One study indicated that multiple lobulations and a "mushrooming" appearance may correlate with malignant potential. 2Based on these criteria, our patient's initial imaging studies (Figs 1A and 1B) may have been an early clue to the aggressive nature of her disease, though the prolonged time course between initial surgery and symptoms of recurrent disease is not compatible.In summary, most meningiomas are benign and never undergo malignant transformation.However, a small subset of meningiomas, usually those with atypical histological features, can metastasize.For this reason, we emphasize the importance of considering the possibility of metastasis in patients with a history meningioma who present with symptoms that cannot be explained solely by tumor mass effect in the brain.This is especially true for patients with recurrent meningiomas.The clinician should also consider performing additional tests, like staining for Ki-67, to identify those histologically benign-appearing meningiomas with increased malignant potential.