tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
Authors: CHARLES E. MOOSER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I read with interest two articles on Rocky Mountain spotted or "tick" fever inThe Journal, July 7, 1906. This fever exists in Nevada, but cases do not seem to be so numerous or so fatal as those occurring in Idaho, Utah and Montana. Here they occur almost, if not exclusively, among sheep-herders, so I am somewhat surprised that Dr. H. N. Mayo does not even mention this class, though they are plentiful in the states named. About three years ago my first patient with "tick" fever came to me. I did not recognize the condition as such, hence can not say whether the patient, a sheepman, had been bitten by atick. The infection was severe and I feared that I would lose the patient. He got up at the end of eight weeks, and recovered slowly thereafter, and in time became entirely well. The treatment in this case was
Hypnosis may reduce hemophiliacs' blood needs
Authors: Jack Martin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

For many Americans needing blood transfusions or blood products, the specter of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is casting a sinister shadow over a life-sustaining procedure. For example, 18 cases of AIDS have been reported in hemophiliacs, with 12 deaths, since March 1982, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Now a Denver physician is saying that one immediately available means of countering the threat is to make blood products less necessary for hemophiliacs. "And that can be done by teaching hemophiliacs self-hypnosis which, by reducing anxiety, can reduce their needs for remedial transfusions," says Wallace L. LaBaw, MD. LaBaw and his wife, Jeanine L. LaBaw, PsyD, have been teaching self-hypnosis to hemophiliacs since 1968. "With hypnosis, you can cut the need for transfusion by up to 50% in some patients," say the LaBaws (<i>J Haematologia</i>1975;9:103-110). The AIDS peril is not being taken lightly by the National Hemophilia Foundation,
Pathophysiological and Clinical Aspects of Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Kang-Jey Ho
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The first part of this symposium discusses lipid metabolism in normal and in pathological conditions —hyperlipemia, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. One of the most interesting subjects is the mechanism of fatty acid mobilization by hormones and by drugs. A round table discussion on the significance of plasma factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis gives much attention to the lipoprotein, especially the de novo synthesis of lipid in the arterial wall and infiltration of lipid from the lumen through the arterial wall. Another round table discussion on the prophylaxis and treatment of atherosclerosis deals with the timely and currently popular topics of dietary composition and calories, and some hypocholesterolemic drugs such as niacin and arachidonic acid. Some other aspects of systemic, cerebral, and peripheral atherosclerosis such as genetic factors, epidemiology, blood coagulation, and histochemical study are also included.  We can highly recommend this book to clinicians, pathologists, and biochemists, especially
An unusual cause of atlanto-axial subluxation
Authors: P. Windrum, G. D Wright, M. B Finch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

A 55 year old woman of short stature (fig 1) presented with a four week history of paraesthesiae in the fingers of both hands. This began suddenly and she subsequently developed a progressive weakness in all four limbs until she was unable to walk or stand unaided despite being previously active. For the two weeks before presentation she had noticed an occipital headache that was exacerbated by neck movements. There was no recent trauma to account for the development of these symptoms. In the past she had been diagnosed as having Schmid chondrometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) in childhood, had undergone bilateral total hip replacements for coxa vara and required a caesarean section for the birth of her son. There was no known family history of dwarfism. On examination she was of short stature (height 4′ 3) with normal facies and trunk length but short limbs. She had a thoracic scoliosis convex to the left. Neck flexion produced Lhermitte’s phenomenon. Power was reduced in all muscle groups to grade 3/5 and tone was increased symmetrically. All reflexes were brisk with ankle clonus present and the plantar responses were extensor. Sensory examination was normal. There was no evidence of a peripheral arthritis. Initial investigations including biochemical screen, full blood picture, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, thyroid function, rheumatoid factor and autoimmune screen were normal. Radiographs of the cervical spine showed marked atlanto-axial subluxation (AAS) with exaggerated cervical kyphosis (fig 2) while …
Homeopathic arnica for prevention of pain and bruising: randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery
Authors: C Stevinson, V S Devaraj, A Fountain-Barber, S Hawkins, E Ernst
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control bruising, reduce swelling and promote recovery after local trauma; many patients therefore take it perioperatively. To determine whether this treatment has any effect, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery. Primary outcome measures were pain (short form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and bruising (colour separation analysis) at four days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were swelling (wrist circumference) and use of analgesic medication (patient diary). 62 patients could be included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences on the primary outcome measures of pain (P=0.79) and bruising (P=0.45) at day four. Swelling and use of analgesic medication also did not differ between arnica and placebo groups. Adverse events were reported by 2 patients in the arnica 6C group, 3 in the placebo group and 4 in the arnica 30C group. The results of this trial do not suggest that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising and swelling in patients undergoing elective hand surgery.
Practical Anaesthesia for Lung Surgery
Authors: John B. Stetson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Unfortunately,<i>Practical Anaesthesia for Lung Surgery</i>is not practical. The authors have tried to "give a comprehensive account of the anaesthetist's problems" for lung surgery. They have failed. Pages are wasted on a pedestrian introductory chapter on bronchopulmonary anatomy. The pharmacology chapter should be eliminated. The physiology chapter (by Francis Prime) is good, but the key reference noted in the text on page 22 is missing from the bibliography! There is no section on preoperative pulmonary function testing. Many of the author's clinical suggestions would be considered in error by experienced North American thoracic anesthesiologists. The book does contain a good historical review of the use of endobronchial tubes and bronchial blockers as well as a concise review of preoperative chest physiatrics. It is a shame the authors did not prepare an inexpensive clinical monograph rather than attempt a book.
Hyperglucagonaemia in the surgical patient.
Authors: R C Russell, C J Walker, S R Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Twenty-one patients had serial samples of blood taken before, during, and after operation for the measurement of plasma glucagon, plasma insulin, and blood glucose concentrations. A significant rise in plasma glucagon level was noted during the operation. In contrast the plasma insulin concentration fell during the operation and rose in the postoperative period despite hyperglycaemia during and after the operation. These findings show that hyperglucagonaemia is a physiological consequence of a surgical operation and that the relationship of plasms glucagon to plasma insulin is complex.
Kielland's forceps: association with neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Authors: M L Chiswick, D K James
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Objective</h3> We sought to determine the effect of a subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with liposomal bupivacaine on postoperative maximal pain score and length of hospital stay among women undergoing robotic-assisted hysterectomy. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective study comparing patients before and after consistent implementation of TAP blocks with liposomal bupivacaine during robotic-assisted hysterectomies at a single academic institution. Analysis compared patient demographic and operative characteristics by TAP block use, along with outcomes of interest, including postoperative pain and length of hospital stay. <h3>Results</h3> There was a statistically significant decrease in maximal numerical rating scale pain scores, presence of nausea and vomiting, and length of hospital stay in those who had a TAP block with liposomal bupivacaine compared with those who did not receive a TAP block. These differences remained even after adjustment for potential confounders. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this retrospective study, liposomal bupivacaine used in a TAP block was a useful method to provide postoperative pain control in patients undergoing robotic-assisted hysterectomy and was associated with lower postoperative maximal pain scores and length of hospital stay.
Preoperative Fluid Electrolyte Balance and Blood Volume
Authors: Arlie R. Mansberger
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Preoperative correction of water and electrolyte imbalance must be based on the diagnosis of a specific derangement. Intravenous solutions are medicaments and should not be ordered unless the physician is fully aware of their exact solute content and of the effects to be anticipated from injecting them. Both clinical observation and laboratory data are essential to the recognition of water depletion, water intoxication, hyper and hyponatremia, hyper and hypokalemia, magnesium deficit, hypoproteinemia, and abnormalities of plasma volume and red cell mass. Attention to details of diagnosis and correction has widened the scope of surgical procedures and has improved the prognosis for patients classified as poor risks or elderly citizens.
Antigen-presenting cells in the skin and placenta in pemphigoid gestationis
Authors: S.E. KELLY, M.M. BLACK, S. FLEMING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Antigen‐presenting cells in the skin and placenta in pemphigoid gestationis Get access S.E. KELLY, S.E. KELLY Department of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Dr S.E.Kelly, Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH39YW. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. BLACK, M.M. BLACK Dowling Skin Unit, St Thomas's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. FLEMING S. FLEMING Department of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 5, 1 May 1990, Pages 593–599, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb07280.x Published: 01 May 1990
Negative impact of occupational exposure on surgical outcome in patients with rhinosinusitis
Authors: V. Hox, S. Delrue, H. Scheers, E. Adams, S. Keirsbilck, M. Jorissen, P. H. Hoet, J. A. Vanoirbeek, B. Nemery, P. W. Hellings
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis ( CRS ) is a frequent condition that is treated by functional endoscopic sinus surgery ( FESS ) when medical treatment fails. Endogenous as well as exogenous factors may be responsible for persisting symptoms after FESS . The role of occupational exposures on success of FESS has never been investigated. Methods In this case–control study, we tested the hypothesis that the outcome of FESS procedures is related to exposures at work. Questionnaires were sent to 890 patients who had undergone one or more FESS procedures and to 182 controls. Three independent experts assessed blindly the reported work exposures to inhaled agents. The relationship between exposure and the number of FESS procedures was analyzed. Results Relevant occupational exposure was reported by 25% of all responding patients undergoing FESS ( n = 467) and 12% of controls ( n = 69). The prevalence of occupational exposures increased linearly with the number of FESS procedures from 21% in those who had one FESS to 44% in those who had four or more FESS (χ 2 = 12.74, P &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression analysis with adjustments for potential confounders, including smoking, atopy, and asthma, confirmed that the odds ratio ( OR ) for reporting occupational exposures was significantly higher in those needing more than one FESS ( OR = 1.64) or more than two FESS ( OR = 1.97). These results were mainly driven by exposure to low molecular weight agents. Conclusion Exposure at work appears to be a risk factor for the occurrence of CRS and for its recurrence or persistence, as evidenced by the need for revision surgery.
Diagnosis of Mitral Regurgitation by Cardioangiography
Authors: PHILIP W. SMITH, HUGH A. CREGG, KARL P. KLASSEN
Journal: Circulation (1956)

To determine the feasibility of demonstrating mitral regurgitation by injection of contrast media into the left ventricle, percutaneous and subxiphoid left ventricular punctures were carried out in dogs and subsequently in human beings. Contrast media were injected and roentgenographic studies made. The correlation between the roentgenographic and subsequent anatomic findings at operation or autopsy is emphasized. The method appears to be relatively safe if proper safeguards are observed. The results indicate that the method is of value in determining the competence of the mitral valve and relative degree of insufficiency.
Fibronectin Stimulates Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cell Growth through Activation of Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/S6 Kinase and Inactivation of LKB1/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Pathways
Authors: ShouWei Han, Fadlo R. Khuri, Jesse Roman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) pathway is considered a central regulator of protein synthesis and of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. However, the role of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in lung carcinoma remains unknown. We previously showed that fibronectin, a matrix glycoprotein highly expressed in tobacco-related lung disease, stimulates non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth and survival. Herein, we explore the role of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in fibronectin-induced NSCLC cell growth. We found that fibronectin stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt, an upstream inducer of mTOR, and induced the phosphorylation of p70S6K1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E–binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), two downstream targets of mTOR in NSCLC cells (H1792 and H1838), whereas it inhibited the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10, a tumor suppressor protein that antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signal. In addition, treatment with fibronectin inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of LKB1 as well as the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα), both known to down-regulate mTOR. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, blocked the fibronectin-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1. Akt small interfering RNA (siRNA) and an antibody against the fibronectin-binding integrin α5β1 also blocked the p70S6K phosphorylation in response to fibronectin. In contrast, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (PD98095) had no effect on fibronectin-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K. Moreover, the combination of rapamycin and siRNA for Akt blocked fibronectin-induced cell proliferation. Taken together, these observations suggest that fibronectin-induced stimulation of NSCLC cell proliferation requires activation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and is associated with inhibition of LKB1/AMPK signaling. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 315-23)
William Mackintosh Mackean
Authors: S. Mackean
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Bill Mackean seemed to want to keep to surgery hours from the moment he came into the world, in the family house at 55 Shaw Street, Everton, on 20 July 1928, while his Scottish GP father, Robert, was doing the evening surgery downstairs.

After Liverpool College, he qualified at Liverpool in 1951, and after house jobs, did his national service in the Royal Navy aboard the frigate HMS Loch Quoich in the Indian Ocean. He famously carried out two appendicectomies while at sea with nothing but ether for an anaesthetic. Both patients survived.

Bill was in the middle of a refresher course in obstetrics …
Antitumor effects of the investigational selective MEK inhibitor TAK733 against cutaneous and uveal melanoma cell lines
Authors: Erika von Euw, Mohammad Atefi, Narsis Attar, Connie Chu, Sybil Zachariah, Barry L. Burgess, Stephen Mok, Charles Ng, Deborah J.L. Wong, Bartosz Chmielowski, David I. Lichter, Richard C. Koya, Tara A. McCannel, Elena Izmailova, Antoni Ribas
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2012)

Abstract Background TAK733 is a novel allosteric, non-ATP-binding, inhibitor of the BRAF substrates MEK-1/2. Methods The growth inhibitory effects of TAK733 were assessed in a panel of 27 cutaneous and five uveal melanoma cell lines genotyped for driver oncogenic mutations. Flow cytometry, Western blots and metabolic tracer uptake assays were used to characterize the changes induced by exposure to TAK733. Results Fourteen cutaneous melanoma cell lines with different driver mutations were sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of TAK733, with a higher proportion of BRAF V600E mutant cell lines being highly sensitive with IC50s below 1 nM. The five uveal melanoma cell lines had GNAQ or GNA11 mutations and were either moderately or highly sensitive to TAK733. The tested cell lines wild type for NRAS, BRAF, GNAQ and GNA11 driver mutations were moderately to highly resistant to TAK733. TAK733 led to a decrease in pERK and G1 arrest in most of these melanoma cell lines regardless of their origin, driver oncogenic mutations and in vitro sensitivity to TAK733. MEK inhibition resulted in increase in pMEK more prominently in NRAS Q61L mutant and GNAQ mutant cell lines than in BRAF V600E mutant cell lines. Uptake of the metabolic tracers FDG and FLT was inhibited by TAK733 in a manner that closely paralleled the in vitro sensitivity assays. Conclusions The MEK inhibitor TAK733 has antitumor properties in melanoma cell lines with different oncogenic mutations and these effects could be detectable by differential metabolic tracer uptake.
A SIMPLIFIED HEAT METHOD OF STERILIZING AND STORING CATGUT.
Authors: WILLARD BARTLETT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

So many prominent surgeons have adopted my suggestions for the preparation of catgut<sup>1</sup>that I wish to describe methods which make the procedure vastly simpler in its application, and which at the same time remove any element of uncertainty regarding the results likely to be attained. Catgut prepared according to this formula has been used by the Mayo brothers in almost 5,000 operations and has been adopted by such well-known surgeons as Drs. Burrell, Collins, Cushing, Deaver, Finney, Frazier, Meyer and Murphy, as well as the men on the staff of the Massachusetts General Hospital and on that of the Pennsylvania Hospital and many others. This is a sufficient testimonial to the worth of the procedure, and I am more than certain that the present[ill]modification of it here described can not fail to attract new users. As at present recommended very little time or trouble need be expended in
Over 60s' use of prescription drugs has doubled in past decade in England
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2008)

People in England over the age of 60 years are using twice as many prescription drugs now as they were 10 years ago, new figures released by the NHS Information Centre show.

The statistics on prescriptions dispensed in the community show that people aged 60 or over are now given an average of 42.4 prescribed items a year, up from 22.3 in 1997. The overall number of prescriptions dispensed rose by nearly 60% over this period.

Overall 796 million prescribed items were dispensed in England in 2007, whereas the number was 752 million in 2006 and 500 million in 1997. On average, …
Bilateral atrial appendectomy abolishes increased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide release and blunts sodium and water excretion during volume loading in conscious dogs.
Authors: J M Stewart, R Dean, M Brown, D Diasparra, G A Zeballos, M Schustek, M H Gewitz, C I Thompson, T H Hintze
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The atrial appendages contain most of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the mammalian heart, and atrial appendage mechanical function predicts ANF secretion during volume loading. To demonstrate the crucial role of the atrial appendages in ANF release, we first measured hemodynamics and changes in plasma ANF after injection of 1,000 ml i.v. normal saline in conscious dogs and again after bilateral atrial appendectomy; we next measured changes in renal function using infusions of atriopeptin 24 to achieve plasma levels corresponding to levels achieved during volume loading; and we lastly measured renal function during acute volume expansion and also after atrial appendectomy. Plasma ANF increased from 65 +/- 11 to 246 +/- 54 pg/ml after volume loading but did not increase after atrial appendectomy. Atrial appendectomy did not alter the tachycardia or hemodynamic effects of volume loading. Infusion of 10 ng/kg/min atriopeptin 24 increased plasma ANF from 50 +/- 9 to 234 +/- 54 pg/ml, increased urine output 34 +/- 10%, and increased sodium excretion 62 +/- 10% in dogs with intact atrial appendages. Renal function was compared in dogs before atrial appendectomy: 20, 40, and 60 minutes after volume loading, urine flow rate increased by 5.9 +/- 0.5, 6.9 +/- 0.4, and 4.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, while sodium excretion increased by 717 +/- 60, 839 +/- 84, and 582 +/- 57 mueq/min. After atrial appendectomy urine flow rate increased 2.1 +/- 0.7, 2.7 +/- 0.7, and 2.0 +/- 0.6 ml/min, and sodium excretion increased only by 327 +/- 110, 324 +/- 77, and 340 +/- 92 mueq/min (p less than 0.01) during volume loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Panorama: Dead Mums Don't Cry
Authors: Jim Neilson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T here is an old African saying that a pregnant woman has one foot in the grave. Too true.

This programme successfully highlighted the important, global, obstetric causes of maternal deaths—eclampsia/preeclampsia, obstructed labour, unsafe and illegal abortion, haemorrhage, and infection.

It described a week in the professional life of Dr Grace Kodindo, obstetrician in N'djamena, the capital city of Chad. She is committed and engaging, and we followed her through joy, anger, frustration, and despair.

Women in Chad have a lifetime risk of pregnancy related death of 1 in 11; the equivalent figure for the United Kingdom is > 1 in 5000. …
Serbian doctors strike for a 40% pay increase
Authors: K. Krosnar
Journal: BMJ (2003)

More than 13 000 doctors in Serbia have gone on strike calling for a 40% increase in their pay and higher status.

Two thirds of the country's 20 000 doctors at almost 150 medical institutions across the country have been working to limited hours for almost one month and say they are prepared to go on full strike.

Doctors are demanding that the Serbian government raise their status by increasing the current ratio of their average pay compared with hospital cleaning staff and other manual workers from …