tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circadian Variation of Ambulatory Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: David S. Krantz, Willem J. Kop, Frances H. Gabbay, Alan Rozanski, Marie Barnard, Jacob Klein, Yosef Pardo, John S. Gottdiener
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The morning peak in myocardial ischemia has been related to diurnal variations in physical and mental activities and to postural changes upon awakening. This study assesses (1) the effects of exogenous activity triggers at different times of the day and (2) the contribution of an endogenous (ie, activity- and posture-independent) circadian vulnerability for ambulatory ischemia.Sixty-three stable coronary artery disease patients underwent ambulatory ECG monitoring and completed a structured diary assessing physical and mental activities. During 2519 hours of observation, a morning increase in ischemia coincided with increases in physical and mental activities, and an evening decrease in ischemia coincided with a decline in activities. During the morning, ischemic versus ischemia-free periods were more likely to occur with high levels of physical activity (P < .001). High physical activity triggered ischemia to a lesser but still significant extent (P < .05) in the afternoon but not in the evening (P = NS). High levels of mental activity triggered ischemia significantly during the morning (P < .04) and evening (P < .04) but not in the afternoon. When a residualized score procedure was used to correct ischemic time for each patient's simultaneously measured activities, for hourly heart rates, or for activity-related heart rate fluctuations, the circadian variation in ischemia was still observed (P < .001), with a peak at 6 AM. A significant increase in ischemia occurred immediately after awakening (P < .05), but activity-adjusted increases in morning ischemia persisted (P < .05) for 2 hours after awakening.Exogenous factors (physical and mental activities) are most potent as triggers of ischemia during the morning hours, and the postural change after awakening contributes to the morning increase in ischemia. There is also evidence for an endogenous, activity-independent circadian influence on ischemic susceptibility that is independent of exogenous factors and that sustains the increase in ischemia upon awakening.
Hyperparathyroidism and Medullary Sponge Kidney
Authors: Dhanwada S. Rao, Boy Frame, Melvin A. Block, Alwyn M. Parfitt
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor. —  Recently there have been a series of reports concerning the association of medullary sponge kidney (MSK) and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). 1-3 Our recent article 1 summarized the case reports in the literature described thus far, although we were not aware of the case of Gremillion et al 2 at that time. Since then, Beyer 3 reported a case, and we have encountered yet another patient. This was a 25-year-old woman with recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) showed typical changes of MSK. At surgery three hyperplastic parathyroid glands that weighed a total of 660 mg were removed. Following surgery her urinary calcium level returned to normal, and she has not had any additional renal colic.  With the present case, the total number of cases reported is ten, including four of our own patients. Certain important conclusions can be drawn from these cases. (1)
Measles outbreak in Wales will get worse, officials have warned
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

More than 270 cases of measles have been reported in Wales since 1 January 2009, and officials are predicting that the number of cases will continue to rise. Health officials estimate that about 45 000 schoolchildren are at risk in Wales because they have not been fully vaccinated with the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR).

Marion Lyons, head of the health protection teams for the National Public Health Service for Wales, said, “We continue to be concerned at the number of cases of measles we are …
Molecular MRI of Early Thrombus Formation Using a Bimodal α2-Antiplasmin–Based Contrast Agent
Authors: Robbert-Jan J.H.M. Miserus, M. Veronica Herías, Lenneke Prinzen, Marc B.I. Lobbes, Robert-Jan Van Suylen, Anouk Dirksen, Tilman M. Hackeng, Johan W.M. Heemskerk, Jos M.A. van Engelshoven, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, Marc A.M.J. van Zandvoort, Sylvia Heeneman, Marianne Eline Kooi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
New European legislation on clinical trials is published
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Clinical trials in Europe should be simpler to set up and more transparent in reporting their results, after a new European Union regulation1 that sets the clock ticking for the recommendations to become law in all member states in 2016.

The regulation replaced the previous Clinical Trials Directive, introduced in 2001, which many people have blamed for a substantial decrease in clinical trials in the EU over the past decade.

A notable change was the introduction of a centralised system for approving clinical trials, meaning that researchers who run trials in several countries need apply only once for approval, to a portal set up by the European Medicines Agency. Previously, researchers had …
The Language of Medicine: Its Evolution, Structure, and Dynamics
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

As its subtitle implies,<i>The Language of Medicine</i>deals with the linguistic history of medical language; its principles, forms, and constituent parts; and the way it works, or, frequently, does not work. Dr Dirckx considers his book not exhaustive, but rather a "sampling." Most of us, who take our language for granted, will find this work an eye-opening education and acquaintanceship with "the language of medical English." Every physician who reads or writes on subjects medical will want to read, and probably own, this work. It is eminently entertaining and well written, full of fascinating derivations (most accessible through the almost 600-entry "words and phrases" index), and is a first step toward the lost art of good writing, which begins with understanding. The work commences with a brief history of English, before zeroing in on medical language. One begins to appreciate what an amalgam medical language is, of original, adopted,
Accelerated Alzheimer-type phenotype in transgenic mice carrying both mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 transgenes
Authors: Leigh Holcomb, Marcia N. Gordon, Eileen McGowan, Xin Yu, Stan Benkovic, Paul Jantzen, Kristal Wright, Irene Saad, Ryan Mueller, Dave Morgan, Sunny Sanders, Cindy Zehr, Kassandra O'Campo, John Hardy, Cristian-Mihail Prada, Chris Eckman, Steve Younkin, Karen Hsiao, Karen Duff
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Abstract P2-06-15: The Use of ADH-5 Stain as a Surrogate Marker for Molecular Classification of Basal and Luminal Breast Cancers
Authors: BM Turner, I-T Yeh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of protein expression have recently been used as surrogate assays for the molecular classification of breast cancers. Specifically, ER+/PR+/HER2- tumors are typically considered luminal-type breast cancers, ER-/PR-/HER2+ tumors equate to HER2 over-expressing tumors, whereas ER-/PR-/HER2- (triple negative, TN) tumors are basal-like breast cancers. A newly available cocktail of antibodies called ADH-5 allows for the simultaneous evaluation of both luminal and basal keratins. In this study, we examine the expression of luminal and basal keratins in breast cancers stained with ADH-5, particularly in a subgroup of basal keratin positive tumors. METHODS: All invasive breast cancers from 12/2009-6/2010 in a single pathology laboratory were studied by ADH-5 antibody cocktail consisting of two luminal keratin (LK) markers (CK7 and CK18), and two basal keratin (BK) markers (CK5 and CK14), as well as a myoepithelial marker, P63 (Biocare, Concord, CA). ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67 were also evaluated by IHC and scored in all tumors. The group included 81 breast cancers and 3 metastatic tumors from the breast. ADH-5 staining was evaluated in areas of invasive carcinoma, and intensity and proportion of staining by BK and LK were scored. Mean statistics and ratios were evaluated and compared for each of the scored stains using the student t-test (stt) and chi squared analysis (cs), respectively. RESULTS: Of the 84 cancers, 20 (24%) showed some staining for BK, and 63 (75%) showed only LK staining. One case (1%) showed no staining for either BK or LK. Of the BK+ cases, 19/20 (95%) showed some degree of LK staining as well. Only one BK+ tumor lacked luminal keratin positivity (5%). Co-expression both BK and LK was seen in the same cells, though many cells were more strongly positive for one keratin type. The BK+ tumors were significantly more likely to be TN (p = 0.5, cs), and all TN tumors showed some BK staining. Four ER+/PR+/HER2- tumors expressed low levels of BK; two additional ER+/PR+/HER2+ tumors also expressed BK. ER-, PR-and TN tumors tended to show a significantly greater proportion of BK staining and decreased amount of luminal staining than ER+, PR+ and non-TN tumors. DISCUSSION: ADH-5 stain demonstrates co-expression of luminal keratins in basal keratin positive breast cancers, including all triple negative breast cancers in our study. In addition, some ER+/PR+/HER2- tumors and ER+/PR+/HER2+ (considered luminal A and B, respectively, by current usage of ER/PR/HER2 as surrogate markers) actually express basal keratins, bringing up the issue of whether these tumors should be considered luminal or basal-like. The ADH-5 stain may be helpful as a surrogate molecular marker for the classification of breast cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-15.
Aortic Incompetence in Bacterial Endocarditis.
Authors: Frank M. Griffin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Aortic Incompetence in Bacterial Endocarditis.Frank M. Griffin Jr., M.D., Gaines Jones, M.D., C. Glenn Cobbs, M.D., F.A.C.P.Frank M. Griffin Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Gaines Jones, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. Glenn Cobbs, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-819_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAortic valve incompetence is the most serious hemodynamic consequence of bacterial endocarditis. Recently, valve replacement has been successfully used before completion of antimicrobial therapy. This study determines clinical indications for valve replacement before bacteriologic cure can be accomplished. Twenty-eight patients with bacterial endocarditis in whom aortic valve incompetence was the hemodynamically dominant lesion were studied. There were 20 men and 8 women. Ages ranged from 17 to 84, with a median of 36 years. There was no history of underlying heart disease in 13; acquired heart disease was present in 11 and bicuspid aortic valve in 4. The results and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Birmingham, Ala. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 819-820KeywordsAntimicrobialsAortic valveCardiovascular therapyEndocarditisHemodynamicsLesionsValve replacement Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Post-immigrant refugee medicine: Population mobility must be considered
Authors: Kevin Pottie, Patricia Topp, Frances Kilbertus
Journal: BMJ (2004)

NICE and its value judgments Option of safe "understudy" treatments should be availableEditor-The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) aims for the highest attainable standards of care. 1 The bedrock of its advice is published evidence of benefits from treatment (mainly pharmaceuticals).In the report accepted in May consideration of safety issues focused on invasive surgical and diagnostic procedures, and the "judgment" on risk assumed that such risks are small and calculable. 2 In economic terms, to distinguish between real risk (calculable and potentially manageable) and uncertainty, where judgment of costs is purely subjective, is important.In July the new health service director of research and development announced a forthcoming national programme of research on drug treatment in children.Given the serious and quite common adverse consequences of paediatric treatment reported, 3 a fundamental reassessment of child health interventions is warranted.Adverse drug reactions or interactions between new and existing drug treatments are uncertain in caring for children aged 0-16 years.NICE has hitherto sought to judge the best treatment (singular), but in an uncertain interaction between doctor and child simultaneous identification of "good enough" second line treatments that can understudy for the "best" treatment when the safety of an individual child may preclude using the most cost effective drug may make good economic sense.This "good enough for some children" standard is not currently in the expertise of the licensing authorities, but it could become a feature of NICE expertise.In the absence of safe treatment alternatives, the long term costs to some children and families (and the health service) of adverse drug reactions could be heavy.For adult health care the burden of adverse drug reactions is 6.5% of hospital admissions. 4 For childhood drug treatment, what will be our options?
Great Toe Calorimetry in Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Authors: MILTON MENDLOWITZ, HAROLD A. ABEL
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Blood flow was measured in the great toe calorimetrically in various peripheral vascular diseases, after release of sympathetic nerve tone by indirect heating supplemented by tetraethylammonium chloride. There was a striking decrease in blood flow in thromboangiitis obliterans.
Cotton dust concentrations and particle size distributions associated with genotypes.
Authors: C B Parnell, G A Niles, R D Rutherford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The problem of byssinosis has plagued cotton textile mills for hundreds of years, and it is still a problem today. With the regulations on airborne raw cotton dust set by OSHA and the ACGIH, research regarding the measurement of cotton dust in lint fiber is a necessity. A procedure known as the mass concentration particle size distribution (MCPSD) technique, developed at Texas A&M University, was used to measure the characteristics of cotton dust as affected by harvesting method and genotype. Cotton genotypes from three harvest seasons were analyzed by using a Coulter Counter, Model TAII, to obtain the mass concentrations and particle size distributions of dust present in the lint fiber. The genotypes were subjected to both hand harvesting and conventional spindle harvesting for comparison purposes. Results from the dust concentration analyses of particles less than 100 micron, 16 micron, and 8 micron in diameter, respectively, are presented. Also, a proposed procedure to obtain large quantities of "cotton dust" from gin trash material is discussed.
Subcellular distribution of beta 2-adrenergic receptors delineated with quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography of radioligand binding sites.
Authors: J E Saffitz, S B Liggett
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

beta-Adrenergic receptors play a critical role in signal transduction in the cardiovascular system. Regulation of beta-adrenergic receptor expression depends on multiple factors, including rates of synthesis and degradation of receptor protein and trafficking of receptors between the cell surface and putative intracellular compartments. To characterize the subcellular distribution of beta-adrenergic receptors and to delineate the ultrastructure of intracellular compartments in which adrenergic receptors reside in the steady state, we studied Chinese hamster fibroblast cells transfected with the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene. beta 2-Adrenergic receptors of these cells were covalently labeled with the lipophilic photoactivatable antagonist [125I]iodocyanopindolol diazarine, and specific radioligand binding sites were localized at the ultrastructural level of resolution with quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography. The density of beta 2-adrenergic receptors was approximately 100-fold greater in the plasmalemma than in any other compartment. Approximately 50% of total cellular receptors were identified on the cell surface in an apparently random, nonclustered distribution and without association with clathrin-coated pits or other cell surface structural specializations. The remaining receptors were distributed among intracellular membranous compartments, including smooth vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus, organelles presumably involved in stages of receptor synthesis, degradation, or trafficking. In the basal state, there was no association of beta 2-adrenergic receptors with coated intracellular vesicles typical of the endocytotic pathway of selected cell surface receptors that function to internalize their extracellular ligands. These results are the first to rigorously quantify the subcellular distribution of beta-adrenergic receptors and unequivocally establish the presence of a substantial pool of intracellular receptors.
Short-term effect of ozone on the pulmonary function of children in primary school.
Authors: P C Chen, Y M Lai, C C Chan, J S Hwang, C Y Yang, J D Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on the pulmonary function of schoolchildren. We sampled 941 children in primary school in three communities in Taiwan (Sanchun, Taihsi, and Linyuan). The nearby stations of the Taiwan air quality monitoring network provided the hourly ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter < or = to 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter, and nitrogen dioxide. Spirometry was performed once for each sampled child. We also obtained the status of indoor air pollution and chronic respiratory disease history by using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate linear model analysis was used to evaluate pulmonary function effects of each pollutant in addition to determinants of indoor air pollution and meteorologic conditions. We found a significantly negative association of peak O(3) concentration on the day before spirometry with individual forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec. The decrease in children's lung function can occur at peak hourly O(3) concentrations < 80 ppb. The slope of lung function decrease for Taiwanese children is approximately 1 mL/ppb for peak hourly O(3) exposure.
CYSTITIS IN WOMEN.
Authors: WILLIAM D. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

There is no more prevalent, distressing or intractable malady in the whole range of gynecic affections than cystitis. It is a subject that rarely comes up for discussion in medical societies. It seems that our appreciation of the difficulties and limitations in its treatment, combine to render our interest in the disease lukewarm. Your essayist feels like apologizing for its introduction before this presence, especially as he has nothing new to offer; yet the extreme distress attending it so far exceeds the majority of conditions that enlist our interested therapeutic and surgical endeavors, that a review of some of the obstacles to its cure and an invoice of our resources should be of the utmost moment. A perusal of the classical literature on the subject is a most ponderous undertaking, and the detailed description of trivially remote and ridiculous idiopathic causes begetting a host of vaunted remedies is disquieting and
An immunofluorescence study of lichen planus
Authors: E.H.BAART FAILLE-KUYPER, H. BAART FAILLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In the present immunofluorescence study we report the occurrence of fibrin or related substances and of IgM in the upper part of the dermis in all forty lichen planus lesions examined. Different amounts of various complement components and fragments were located in the epidermal basement zone, and in the colloid bodies. IgG, IgM, IgA and fibrin were also found in the colloid bodies, sometimes together with albumin. The earliest pathological change, which was seen in perilesional skin and in clinically normal skin from sites of predilection, was the presence of colloid bodies and pigment containing macrophages in the upper dermis. Deposition of fibrin appeared to be another early sign, as it was discernible in areas devoid of inflammatory infiltrate. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
Physical Activity, Obesity, and Risk for Colon Cancer and Adenoma in Men
Authors: Edward Giovannucci, Alberto Ascherio, Eric B. Rimm, Graham A. Colditz, Meir J. Stampfer, Walter C. Willett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine whether physical inactivity and obesity increase risk for colon cancer and adenomas, which are precursors of cancer, and whether the abdominal distribution of obesity is an independent risk factor for these events. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: United States. Patients: 47 723 male health professionals, 40 to 75 years of age, who responded to a questionnaire mailed in 1986. Measurements: Questionnaires in 1986 about physical activity level and body mass index, and questionnaires in 1987 (31 055 respondents) about waist and hip circumferences. Between 1986 and 1992, 203 new patients were diagnosed with colon cancer and 586 were diagnosed with adenomas. Results: Physical activity was inversely associated with risk for colon cancer (high compared with low quintiles of average energy expenditure from leisure-time activities: relative risk, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.88], P for trend = 0.03) after adjustment for age; history of colorectal polyp; previous endoscopy; parental history of colorectal cancer; smoking; body mass; use of aspirin; and intake of red meat, dietary fiber, folate, and alcohol. Body mass index was directly associated with risk for colon cancer independently of physical activity level. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were strong risk factors for colon cancer (waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.99 compared with waist-to-hip ratio < 0.90: multivariate relative risk, 3.41 [CI, 1.52 to 7.66], P for trend = 0.01; waist circumference ≥ 43 inches compared with waist circumference < 35 inches: relative risk, 2.56 [CI, 1.33 to 4.96], P for trend < 0.001). These associations persisted even after adjustment for body mass and physical activity. Similar associations were seen between obesity and physical inactivity and adenomas of 1 cm or more, but no association was observed for smaller adenomas. Height was also associated with a higher risk for colon cancer (height ≥ 73 inches compared with height ≤ 68 inches: multivariate relative risk, 1.76 [CI, 1.13 to 2.74], P for trend = 0.02). Conclusions: The results support an inverse association between physical activity and risk for colon cancer, whereas height and obesity, particularly abdominal adiposity, are associated with an elevated risk.