tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2202: PIK3CA amplification was not associated with serrated polyps but tubular adenomas in colorectal lesions
Authors: Jae-Ho Lee, Dae-Kwang Kim, In-Jang Choi, IlSeon Hwang, Yu-Na Kang, Shin Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disorder than arises via multiple distinct pathways, from tubular adenomas (TAs) and serrated polyps (SPs), which are clinically, morphologically, and molecularly different. We examined PIK3CA amplification in colorectal precancerous legions, including TAs and SPs. DNA was isolated from paired normal and tumoral tissues in 64 TAs and 32 SPs. PIK3CA amplification, KRAS mutation, and BRAF mutation were analyzed by real-time PCR. PIK3CA amplification was found in 25% of TAs and 9.4% of SPs, respectively and low and high grade of TAs showed similar frequency of PIK3CA amplification. KRAS and BRAF mutations were mutually exclusive in both TAs and SPs. In TAs, PIK3CA amplification was associated with distal colon and it was mutually exclusive with KRAS mutation. These results suggest that PIK3CA amplification may be early and important event in colorectal carcinogenesis and may drive the development of TAs independently with KRAS mutation. Keyword: colorectal cancer, PIK3CA amplification, serrated polyps, tubular adenomas Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jae-Ho Lee, Dae-Kwang Kim, In-Jang Choi, IlSeon Hwang, Yu-Na Kang, Shin Kim. PIK3CA amplification was not associated with serrated polyps but tubular adenomas in colorectal lesions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2202. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2202
Prescientific Psychiatry in the Urban Setting
Authors: FLORENCE M. DOUGLAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Health care delivery can best be accomplished when the health professional understands the cultural milieu of the community in which the patients live. The author describes the convictions and practices found in an inner city area of Los Angeles, including a belief in ghosts and spirits and a reliance on indigenous practitioners and counselors. The psychiatrist should be aware of the therapeutic potential of these convictions and practices and should understand that healing is a multidimensional phenomenon: an exchange of ideas among indigenous practitioners, psychiatrists, and other medical helpers may help decrease the potential harm to the patient and increase our understanding of mental illness.
Structural model of porcine factor VIII and factor VIIIa molecules based on scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) images and STEM mass analysis.
Authors: M W Mosesson, D N Fass, P Lollar, J P DiOrio, C G Parker, G J Knutson, J F Hainfeld, J S Wall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Porcine plasma factor VIII (fVIII) molecules are heterodimers composed of a 76,000-mol wt light chain (-A3-C1-C2) and a heavy chain ranging in molecular weight from 82,000 (A1-A2) to 166,000 (A1-A2-B). Proteolytic activation of fVIII by thrombin results in fVIIIa heterotrimers lacking B domains (A1, A2, A3-C1-C2). In this study, immunoaffinity purified fVIII was further fractionated by mono S or mono Q chromatography to prepare heterodimers containing a light chain and an A1-A2-B heavy chain (fVIII 166/76) or an A1-A2 heavy chain (fVIII 82/76). Mass analysis of scanning transmission electron microscopic (STEM) images of fVIII 166/76 indicated that heterodimers (mass 237 +/- 20 kD) had irregularly globular core structures 10-12 nm across, and frequently displayed a diffuse, occasionally globular to ovoid satellite structure extending 5-14 nm from the core, and attached to it by a thin stalk. Factor VIII 82/76 molecules (mass 176 +/- 20 kD) had the same core structures as fVIII 166/76 molecules, but lacked the satellite structure. These findings indicate that A1-A2 domains of heavy chains and the light chains of the fVIII procofactor molecule are closely associated and constitute the globular core structure, whereas the B domainal portion of heavy chains comprises the peripheral satellite appendage. Factor VIII core structures commonly displayed a finger-like projection near the origin of the B domainal stalk that was also a consistent feature of the free heavy chains (mass 128-162 kD) found in fVIII 166/76 preparations. Factor VIII light chain monomers (mass, 76 +/- 16 kD) were globular to c-shaped particles 6-8 nm across. These chains commonly possessed a v-shaped projection originating from its middle region, that could also be observed at the periphery of fVIII core molecules. Factor VIIIa preparations contained heterotrimers (mass 162 +/- 13 kD) that had the same dimensions as fVIII core structures, lacked the B domainal appendage, and sometimes possessed the same core features as fVIII molecules. Molecular species corresponding to heterodimers (mass, 128 +/- 13 kD) and unassociated subunit chains (40-100 kD) were also observed in fVIIIa preparations, suggesting that heterotrimers have an appreciable tendency to dissociate, a phenomenon that could explain the decay of fVIIIa activity after thrombin activation of fVIII.
An adolescent athlete with groin pain
Authors: J. Thing, C. Coates, M. Bundy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 14 year old boy felt a mild aching discomfort in his left groin while playing rugby but still continued to play. He subsequently tackled an opponent and developed a severe pain of sudden onset in the left upper thigh and groin. A “snapping” sound was heard and he fell to the ground. He was unable to bear weight on the left leg and appeared pale, clammy, and nauseated. His pitch-side vital observations were normal and he was offered combined gaseous nitrous oxide and oxygen for pain relief. Ice was applied to the area of maximum discomfort and he was accompanied to the emergency department in an ambulance. At the emergency department he was advised that he had probably “strained” a muscle and was given conservative advice. He was discharged with crutches and analgesia.

The next day he was seen by the school doctor, who documented that he could not fully bear weight on the left leg or actively flex his leg on the examination couch. A radiograph was arranged (fig 1⇓) and the diagnosis made on the basis of the report.





### 1. What is the most obvious abnormality seen on the radiograph?

#### Short answer

There is bony irregularity and displacement of the lesser trochanter of the left femur.

#### Long answer 

There is bony irregularity and displacement of the lesser trochanter of the left femur. When compared with the right side, the left femur shows obvious asymmetry, with separation and proximal displacement of the superior …
University and Public Health System Partnership: A Systematic Intervention for Assistance of Patients with Asthma in Brazil
Authors: Marcos R. Goncalves, Janaina Melo, Adriana S. Moreno, Virginia Ferriani, Ana Carla Araujo, Elcio Vianna, Marcos Borges, Persio Roxo, Rosa Ferreira, Luane Mello, Jorgete Silva, Patricia Stefanelli, Larissa Oliveira, Andrea Vernier, Luana Queiroz, Rosangela Villela, Marina Dias, Davi Aragon, Nelio Domingos, L. Karla Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Septic Nonunion of Tibial Fracture
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Henry Urbaniak: A 52-year-old woman fell on an icy step and sustained a closed oblique fracture of the distal part of the right tibia and fibula. Her original x-ray pictures are not available, but they were recorded as showing a "butterfly" type of comminuted tibial fragment. Following an unsuccessful attempt at closed reduction, she was treated by open reduction and internal fixation at another hospital. Initially, a four-hole plate was used, but this did not provide sufficient mobilization, so a Rush rod was used to provide alignment of the major fragments. A circumferential, stainless steel Parham band was added to secure the free butterfly fragment to the remainder of the tibia (Fig 1). Post-operative immobilization was with a long leg cast with the knee flexed about 30°. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by fever and by severe pain at the operative site. Ten days following her open reduction,
Paraaminosalicylate blocks that ileal injury induced by phorbol myristate acetate.
Authors: M C Overdahl, M W Julian, S E Weisbrode, W B Davis, P M Dorinsky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Activation of neutrophils with the release of oxidant radicals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gut injury in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The pathogenesis of gut injury in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome associated with acute lung injury, although less focal, appears to be similar. Paraaminosalicylate (PAS) has been shown to be effective in treating IBD, most likely because of its ability to scavenge oxidant radicals. The present study was therefore designed to test the hypothesis that PAS attenuates the gut injury typically seen during systemic neutrophil activation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). We assessed gut injury by measuring the concentration ratio of lymph to plasma protein (CL/CP) at steady-state lymph flows in autoperfused cat ileum preparations. As expected, the CL/CP increased in animals given PMA (15 micrograms/kb; n = 6) compared with control animals (n = 5) (0.205 +/- 0.033 versus 0.118 +/- 0.004; p = 0.04) 0.04) and were accompanied by morphologic alterations. In contrast, the intravenous administration of PAS (100 mg/kg) to animals prior to PMA infusion (n = 5) yielded a CL/CP value indistinguishable from that in control animals (0.113 +/- 0.017 versus 0.118 +/- 0.004). Additional in vitro studies suggested that the protective effects of PAS were not the result of altered neutrophil margination, chemotaxis, or oxidant burst. Although PAS appeared to protect the ileum from PMA-induced microvascular injury, it had no protective effects on the lungs.
Physical exercise enhances protein kinase C δ activity and insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in diabetes-prone psammomys obesus
Authors: Yuval Heled, Yair Shapiro, Yoav Shani, Dani S Moran, Leah Langzam, Liora Braiman, Sanford R Sampson, Joseph Meyerovitch
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Mercury derived from dental amalgams and neuropsychologic function.
Authors: Pam Factor-Litvak, Gunnar Hasselgren, Diane Jacobs, Melissa Begg, Jennie Kline, Jamie Geier, Nancy Mervish, Sonia Schoenholtz, Joseph Graziano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

There is widespread concern regarding the safety of silver-mercury amalgam dental restorations, yet little evidence to support their harm or safety. We examined whether mercury dental amalgams are adversely associated with cognitive functioning in a cross-sectional sample of healthy working adults. We studied 550 adults, 30-49 years of age, who were not occupationally exposed to mercury. Participants were representative of employees at a major urban medical center. Each participant underwent a neuropsychologic test battery, a structured questionnaire, a modified dental examination, and collection of blood and urine samples. Mercury exposure was assessed using a) urinary mercury concentration (UHg); b) the total number of amalgam surfaces; and c) the number of occlusal amalgam surfaces. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate associations between each marker of mercury exposure and each neuropsychologic test, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Exposure levels were relatively low. The mean UHg was 1.7 micro g/g creatinine (range, 0.09-17.8); the mean total number of amalgam surfaces was 10.6 (range, 0-46) and the mean number of occlusal amalgam surfaces was 6.1 (range, 0-19). No measure of exposure was significantly associated with the scores on any neuropsychologic test in analyses that adjusted for the sampling design and other covariates. In a sample of healthy working adults, mercury exposure derived from dental amalgam restorations was not associated with any detectable deficits in cognitive or fine motor functioning.
Blood Bank Physicians-Directors
Authors: William C. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The House of Delegates of the American Medical Association in Portland, Ore, in December 1963 adopted a position statement on blood banks which emphasized the fact that the procurement of human blood and its transfusion required the direction and supervision of a physician. The American Medical Association Committee on Blood amplified this statement by specifically stating that the overall director of a blood bank should be a doctor of medicine. This committee, now expanded to the Committee on Transfusion and Transplantation, has continued to be interested in the doctor who directs the blood bank. Therefore we welcome the article in this issue of theThe Journal(p 1085), "Survey of Blood Bank Physicians and Medical Directors," by the distinguished group of authors headed by John A. Shivley, MD. This is the first opportunity to study the training of the physicians who are now directing blood banks. It comes as no
Formulating Questions and Locating Primary Studies for Inclusion in Systematic Reviews
Authors: Carl Counsell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Much time and effort are spent on designing primary research studies.Similar care must be given to planning systematic reviews. The review should be based on an important, well-focused question that is relevant to patient care. By formulating the question properly, the criteria that primary studies must meet to be included in the review become clear. These criteria, which comprise the types of persons involved, exposure, control group, outcomes, and study designs of interest, can then be refined so that they are clinically relevant, sensible, and workable. Inclusion criteria that are too narrow will limit the amount of data in the review, thereby increasing the risk for chance results and making the review less useful for the reader. Reviews should include studies whose designs offer the least biased answer to the question being asked. To maximize available data and reduce the risk for bias, as many relevant studies as possible need to be identified, regardless of publication status or language. Multiple overlapping search strategies should therefore be used and must be carefully planned. Strategies include searching the many electronic databases available (after careful consideration of which terms to enter), manually searching journals and conference proceedings, searching bibliographies of articles, searching existing registers of studies, and contacting companies or researchers. The time taken to formulate the question adequately and develop appropriate searches will increase the chance of producing a high-quality, meaningful review.
Mycosis fungoides responding to tetracycline and griseofulvin
Authors: Kristian Thomsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Mycosis fungoides responding to tetracycline and griseofulvin Get access Kristian Thomsen Kristian Thomsen Department of Dermatology, Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue 4, 1 October 1981, Pages 483–484, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00786.x Published: 01 October 1981
Estimation of Liver Size by Percussion in Normal Individuals
Authors: DONALD O. CASTELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Estimation of liver size by percussion was determined in 116 normal subjects by three examiners. Factors responsible for variation in percussion measurement within and between examiners were considered. Mean liver dullness was greater for males than for females, with a positive correlation between liver size and height for both sexes. Estimation of lean body mass from height and weight measurements in each individual resulted in better correlation with liver dullness, with males and females forming a homogeneous group. From the data obtained in this study an equation has been derived for predicting the expected range of liver dullness from the height and weight of a given individual which should provide a standard for the clinical estimation of hepatomegaly.
Flow-volume curves and sleep-disordered breathing: therapeutic implications.
Authors: E F Haponik, P L Smith, J Kaplan, E R Bleecker
Journal: Thorax (1983)

To assess the relationship of abnormal flow-volume curves during awake periods to the clinical severity of sleep-disordered breathing and the need for surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea, flow-volume curves were measured in 72 adults with obstructive apnoea. Patients in whom surgery was recommended for standard clinical indications had significantly lower inspiratory flow rates (p less than 0.01) and a higher incidence of flow-volume curves indicating extrathoracic airway obstruction (p less than 0.01) than did non-surgical patients. These abnormal flow-volume curves correlated with an increased severity of nocturnal oxygen desaturation (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, increases in inspiratory flow rates measured serially in 22 patients were related to improvement in their polysomnography (p less than 0.05), suggesting that alterations of airway function during awake periods correlate with changes in the severity of sleep apnoea.
Availability for absorption of egg yolk‐bound cobalt‐57‐labeled vitamin B<sub>12</sub> administered as an omelette or an eggnog
Authors: Aaron Miller, David Furlong, D. Ward Slingerland, Belton A. Burrows
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

TABLE I. Absorption of Egg Yolk-Bound 57C0 Vitamin B,,Administered as an Omelette or an Eggnog reticulocyte count in myelodysplasia is compai-able to the values for healthy subjects (men and women) (see Table I).Some of the patients suffering from severe anemia in inyelodyaplasia received blood transfusions but these did not change significantly the reticulocyte count and HFR.In contra\t to a normal reticulocyte count, the niean HFR ratio and the r ratio are found to be higher in patients with myelodysplasia.Concerning the r ratio.the difference between the group of healthy donors and the group of patients with myelodysplasia is highly significant ( P < 0.001) (Table I) but the difference between the subgroups of myelodysplasia is not significant (data not shown).In myelodysplasia.the global count ofrcticulocytes is of little help iii the evaluation of bone inarrow activity.The discrepancy between a high ratio HFR and a normal reticulocyte count remains difficult to assess in myelodysplasia.Lofters et al. 141 have reported a case of preleukemia with in vitro evidence of abnormal reticulocyte maturation.The patient had marked reticulocytosis apparently caused by a delayed maturation of all the subgroups of reticulocytes.Lofters et al. wggest that this could be due to abnormal ribonucleic acid or to a quantitative or qualitative deficiency of ribonuclease.In our study, a higher r index ruggests an abnonnal reticulocyte maturation, with a prolonged survival of younger reticulocytes.fnllowed by a reticulocyte abortion.resulting in a normal or low reticulocyte count, these phenomena leading to a nonregenerative anemia.These data suggest that r could be evaluated as another indice of erythropoiesis in nonregenerative anemia in order to give further evidence of a putative myelodysplastic syndrome.
Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in the treatment of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease in oncohaematological paediatric patients
Authors: V. Brazzelli, V. Grasso, F. Muzio, E. Moggio, M. Zecca, F. Locatelli, G. Borroni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) represents an important complication following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In recent years, narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB, 311–313 nm) has been found to be a beneficial adjuvant treatment in patients refractory to first‐line immunosuppressive drugs. Objectives The aim of this study is to analyse retrospectively the clinical outcome of 10 GVHD paediatric patients treated with NB‐UVB therapy. Patients and methods Ten paediatric patients (six girls and four boys: median age 12·5 years, range 4–20) with cutaneous GVHD were enrolled in the study: five patients with chronic GVHD and five patients with an overlap syndrome GVHD. All patients had already been shown to be resistant to first‐choice immunosuppressive protocols, and were treated with NB‐UVB phototherapy until a clinical remission of skin lesions occurred. Results A complete response (absence of lesions) was achieved in 80% of the cases (eight patients) after a median number of 29 treatments, corresponding to a median of 7·5 weeks (52 days) of treatment (range 3–13 weeks), with an average cumulative dose of 28·71 J cm−2 (range 1·02–70·38 J cm−2). Only two patients reported a partial remission (< 18% of body surface area involved). During the follow‐up period, a complete remission after 1 year was observed in 75% of patients and after 2 years in 71% of the evaluable patients. Conclusions This study provides evidence that NB‐UVB phototherapy represents a valid second‐line treatment in paediatric patients affected by GVHD and refractory to immunosuppressive first‐line treatment.
1134 AAV MEDIATED LIVER GENE THERAPY PROVIDES PROLONGED ENZYMATIC CORRECTION AND PROTECTS AGAINST INDUCED MOTOR NEUROPATHY IN ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA MICE
Authors: C. Unzu, A. Sampedro, I. Mauleon, M. Alegre, S. Beattie, R. Enríquez de Salamanca, J. Twisk, E.J. Timmermans, R. Hernández-Alcoceba, I. Melero, H. Petry, G. González-Aseguinolaza, J. Artieda, M.-S. Rodríguez-Pena, J. Prieto, A. Fontanellas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Critical regions for deubiquitinating activity of DUB‐2 expressed in T‐lymphocytes
Authors: Jin‐Hie Lee, Yong‐Soo Kim, Minkyung Kim, Kwang‐Hyun Baek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Ubiquitin‐ and proteasome‐mediated protein degradation is involved in many intracellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, transcriptional activation, and signal transduction in all eukaryotes. Novel subfamily members of the ubp superfamily, DUB‐1 and DUB‐2, are known to be immediate–early genes and are specifically expressed in B‐lymphocytes and T‐lymphocytes, respectively. With the site‐directed mutagenesis in four conserved amino acids (Cys60, Asp133, His298, and His307) and a series of deletion in the carboxy‐terminal region, we demonstrate that these conserved amino acids are critical, but not the C‐terminus, for the deubiquitinating activity of DUB‐2. Am. J. Hematol. 67:270–272, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of Septic Chemical Abortion with Renal Failure
Authors: Robert H. Bartlett, Clement Yahia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The woman with complications of chemical abortion (often induced by soap or Lysol solution) is a prototype of the critically ill surgical patient. Usual mortality where hysterectomy is delayed or not done is 60%. 5 such patients, all with sepsis and uterine necrosis were treated by hysterectomy. All had renal failure, 4 required dialysis; 1 underwent diuresis after injection of ethacrynic acid. Major complications, in addition to renal failure, were pulmonary. 2 patients who had prophylactic vena-cava clips and ligation of ovarian veins escaped pulmonary complications. All patients survived without physiologic disturbances.