tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of Automated External Defibrillators on Airlines
Authors: Peter W. Groeneveld
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Installation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) on passenger aircraft has been shown to improve survival of cardiac arrest in that setting, but the cost-effectiveness of such measures has not been proven.To examine the costs and effectiveness of several different options for AED deployment in the US commercial air transportation system.Decision and cost-effectiveness analysis of a strategy of full deployment on all aircraft as well as several strategies of partial deployment only on larger aircraft, compared with a baseline strategy of no AEDs on aircraft (but training flight attendants in basic life support) for a hypothetical cohort of persons experiencing cardiac arrest aboard US commercial aircraft. Estimates for costs and outcomes were obtained from the medical literature, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Air Transport Association of America, a population-based cohort of Medicare patients, AED manufacturers, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.Quality-adjusted survival after cardiac arrest; costs of AED deployment on aircraft and of medical care for cardiac arrest survivors.Adding AEDs on passenger aircraft with more than 200 passengers would cost $35 300 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Additional AEDs on aircraft with capacities between 100 and 200 persons would cost an additional $40 800 per added QALY compared with deployment on large-capacity aircraft only, and full deployment on all passenger aircraft would cost an additional $94 700 per QALY gained compared with limited deployment on aircraft with capacity greater than 100. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the quality of life, annual mortality rate, and the effectiveness of AEDs in improving survival were the most influential factors in the model. In 85% of Monte Carlo simulations, AED placement on large-capacity aircraft produced cost-effectiveness ratios of less than $50 000 per QALY.The cost-effectiveness of placing AEDs on commercial aircraft compares favorably with the cost-effectiveness of widely accepted medical interventions and health policy regulations, but is critically dependent on the passenger capacity of the aircraft. Placing AEDs on most US commercial aircraft would meet conventional standards of cost-effectiveness.
Preventing physician suicide. The role of family, colleagues, and organized medicine
Authors: D. A. Sargent
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Psychological barriers in the minds of the failing physician, his family, and colleagues may thwart prevention of physician-suicide. The failing physician may be shunned by colleagues for his disturbed behavior. He denies illness, resorts to self-medication, and avoids treatment. Recognition and rational handling of this presuicidal state may be hindered by the need of the doctor, family, and colleagues to preserve a fantasy of the doctor's omnipotence. Treatment also may be impeded by the failing physician's reluctance to form a therapeutic relationship with the treating psychiatrist. The psychiatrist must help his doctor-patient to determine if he should continue practicing. The key to successful intervention may depend solely on our awareness and handling of these problems. (<i>JAMA</i>237:143-145, 1977)
Isolation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from the Air Plume Downwindof a Swine Confined or Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
Authors: Shawn G. Gibbs, Christopher F. Green, Patrick M. Tarwater, Linda C. Mota, Kristina D. Mena, Pasquale V. Scarpino
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In this study we evaluated the levels of antibiotic- and multidrug-resistant bacteria in bioaerosols upwind, within, and downwind at locations 25 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m from a swine confined animal feeding operation.We used Andersen two-stage samplers to collect bacterial samples, the replicate plate method to isolate organisms, and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method to determine antibiotic resistance.The percentage of organisms resistant to at least two antibiotic classes and all four classes evaluated were, respectively, 2.1 and 3.0 times higher inside (n = 69) than upwind (n = 59) of the facility. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent organism recovered. Concentrations of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus decreased with increasing distance from the facility. Using Fisher's exact methods, the change in distribution of antibiotic resistance profiles for each antibiotic was statistically significant (oxytetracycline, p = 0.010; tetracycline, p = 0.014; ampicillin, p = 0.007; erythromycin, p = 0.035); however, this relationship was not seen with lincomycin and penicillin (p > 0.05) . In addition, the levels of antibiotic-resistant S.aureus 25 m downwind were significantly greater than the levels from samples taken upwind from the facility for the same four antibiotics (p < 0.05) . The percentage of resistant group A streptococci and fecal coliform increased within the facility compared with upwind values for all antibiotics evaluated,except for lincomycin. The percentage of resistant total coliform organisms increased within the facility compared with upwind values for oxytetracycline and tetracycline.Bacterial concentrations with multiple antibiotic resistances or multidrug resistance were recovered inside and outside to (at least) 150 m downwind of this facility at higher percentages than upwind. Bacterial concentrations with multiple antibiotic resistances were found within and downwind of the facility even after subtherapeutic antibiotics were discontinued. This could pose a potential human health effect for those who work within or live in close proximity to these facilities.
Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response by hepatitis viruses up-regulates protein phosphatase 2A
Authors: Verena Christen, Susan Treves, Francois H. T. Duong, Markus H. Heim
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) is an important factor leading to an inhibition of IFNalpha signaling caused by viral protein expression. Here, we describe the molecular mechanism involved in PP2Ac up-regulation by HCV and HBV. HCV and HBV protein expression in cells induces an ER stress response leading to calcium release from the ER. HCV protein expression induces CREB activation, probably through calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. CREB binds to a CRE element in the promoter of PP2Ac and induces its transcriptional up-regulation. Because PP2Ac is involved in many important cellular processes including cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, cell morphology, development, signal transduction and translation, its up-regulation during ER stress has potentially important implications.
Wilms' tumor. Comment. The prevention of metastases
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Death of children with Wilms tumor is invariably due to lung metastases. Characteristically, the lungs are the first sites involved in the process of dissemination, and often the only site, although liver, brain, and rarely, bony deposits are seen. Dactinomycin is the end of a long odyssey in search of a means to prevent metastases and to achieve better survival. The credit for advancing and introducing surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic approaches in controlling this disease and curing the patient belongs to the group at Boston Children's Hospital. It is an important "success story" with which to be familiar since the management of Wilms' tumor forms one of the cornerstones on which the philosophy and principles of caring for childhood cancers in general have been erected. The primary concern in Wilms' tumor is preventing its dissemination. As soon as the child with a suspected Wilms' tumor has been admitted to the
Amazing IL-9: revealing a new function for an “old” cytokine
Authors: Edgar Schmitt, Tobias Bopp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The incidence of melanoma — the most aggressive form of skin cancer — is dramatically increasing, while the development of innovative therapeutic strategies continues to be challenging, especially due to a lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma progression as well as antitumor immunity. In this issue of the JCI, Yong Lu and colleagues report a central role for Th9 cells in antitumor immunity.
Doctor's diary card
Authors: D. Hope
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Release from severe neuropathic pain.It's Tuesday and I'm filling in my diary, recording programmed activities againthis contract counts me in four-hourly slots.New drug works faster than Japanese bullet train.Soon I will write, speak, teach, doctor, sleep in particles of four hours.I read what it takes to become a toxicologist, brush up my cardiology, take a diploma in genetics.Release from severe chronic pain.Superior efficacy due to dual inhibition.
Abstract 1932: Association of genetic variants with prostate cancer risk.
Authors: Radhika G. Andavolu, Jean-Luc Cardenas, Ross Shore, Zach Rubin, James MacMurray, Krishna Kanth Chiravuri, Murthy VS Andavolu, Svetlana Rubakovic
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Genetic alterations can contribute to the malignant transformation and progression of prostate cancer. We have previously shown a strong association between specific leptin gene alleles, elevated serum leptin level, and body mass index in subjects with prostate and breast cancer. These studies showing association with leptin suggest a strong link with obesity as an increased risk factor. Studies have shown that adipose tissue TNFa and leptin, which are both overexpressed in obesity, induces the production of acute phase reactants through their autocrine or endocrine role. When GSTP1 is inactivated, prostate cells appear to become more vulnerable to somatic alterations upon chronic exposure to genome-damaging stresses such as oxidants and electrophiles that are contributed by environment and lifestyle. Studies also show that the methylation status of glutathione S-transferase p1 (GSTP1) could individually distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Based on prior studies, it is possible that multi gene analysis can provide better diagnostic or prognostic values for prostate cancer. Methods: In this study, we screened leptin gene markers, TNFa, GSTP1 and BCCIP(TOK-1A) in 126 prostate cancer and normal healthy age &amp; sex matched controls (Prostate cases: Age range 45-94, Mean age 73.3 Control males: Age range 65-98, Mean age 73.5). Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify Leptin, TNF-308 and GSTP1 genes and the products are analyzed using 3130 Genetic analyzer and PCR-RFLP methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS/PC statistical program (version 10.0 for Windows; SPSS, Inc.,Chicago, IL). Relationships between two groups and genotype variables were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Conclusions: Prostate cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease and there a variety of gene-based biomarkers that have been associated with prostate cancer. Our results show strong association of leptin (p&amp;lt;0.006), GSTP1 (p&amp;lt;0.023) with prostate cancer. Individually TNF and BCCIP showed a modest association but TNF/BCCIP gene interaction had a significant effect on prostate cancer risk and disease progression suggesting a multigene model for prostate cancer screening. Citation Format: Radhika G. Andavolu, Jean-Luc Cardenas, Ross Shore, Zach Rubin, James MacMurray, Krishna Kanth Chiravuri, Murthy VS Andavolu, Svetlana Rubakovic. Association of genetic variants with prostate cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1932. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1932
Differential Effect of Diabetes Education on Self-Regulation and Life-Style Behaviors
Authors: Richard R Rubin, Mark Peyrot, Christopher D Saudek
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To examine the effect of diabetes education on self-regulation and life-style behaviors. Research Design and Methods Participants in an outpatient diabetes education program completed a protocol measuring several self-care behaviors and glycemic control at entry (n = 165) and 6 (n = 124) and 12 (n = 89) mo after the program. Results Improvement was noted at 6 mo for most self-care behaviors and glycemic control. At 12 mo, lower glycosylated hemoglobin levels were maintained (P &amp;lt; 0.001) without increases in perceived hypoglycemia. Improvement was not maintained for those self-care behaviors that require change in life-style, i.e., diet and exercise. However, self-care behaviors that allow patients to self-regulate their glycemic control—self-monitoring of blood glucose and insulin dose self-adjustment—were improved at 12 mo over preprogram levels (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Frequency of insulin self-adjustment continued to increase during the period between follow-ups. Conclusions The findings suggest that diabetes education is effective in promoting self-regulation behaviors, although it has less effect on traditional regimen behaviors such as diet and exercise.
Abstract 1135: PPAPDC1B isoform 2, a new candidate oncogene within the 8p11-12 amplicon induces a proliferative advantage in breast cancer
Authors: Gang Liu, Zeng-Quan Yang, Stephen P. Ethier
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The 8p11-12 genomic region is amplified in about 10-15% of human breast cancer and may be associated with poor prognosis. Earlier, we used genomic analysis of copy number and gene expression to perform a detailed analysis of the 8p11-12 amplicon for identifying candidate oncogenes in breast cancer. We identified phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 1B (PPAPDC1B) as one of the candidate oncogenes based on statistical analysis of copy number increase and over expression. Recently, fine-mapping of this locus, and the updated human genomic database has shown there may be more than 3 splicing variants of PPAPDC1B. We measured the expression status of all 3 individual PPAPDC1B isoforms in breast cancer cell lines by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. Interestingly, the short splicing variant /isoform2 is the dominant over-expressed form in SUM44 and SUM52 breast cancer cell lines that harbor the 8p11-12 amplicon. The PPAPDC1B gene encodes a novel type of transmembrane phosphatidate phosphatase with an acid-PPc domain with broad lipid phosphate substrate specificity. This suggests that PPAPDC1B may play a role in cell signaling and lipid metabolism. The PPAPDC1B isoform 2 is predicted to have an inactive acid-PPc domain due to truncation of mRNA. To address the question of whether PPAPDC1B possesses transforming properties, and to functionally characterize the different isoforms, we established lentiviral expression constructs of full-length PPAPDC1B as well as the short isoform. MCF10A cells were infected with equalized viral titer of lentiviral vectors and assayed for alterations in growth rates, colony formation and growth factor-independent proliferation. Cell proliferation assays indicated that over expression of PPAPDC1B isoform 2 enhanced cell proliferation more dramatically than full-length PPAPDC1B. Furthermore, colony formation assay showed that MCF10A cells over expressing PPAPDC1B isoform 2 formed large highly proliferative colonies compared with control cells. All of the isoforms of PPAPDC1B could induce insulin-like growth factor-independence in MCF-10A cells, but not independence of EGF. Thus, our data suggest that PPAPDC1B isoform 2 is a candidate oncogene from the 8p11 region that can induce a proliferative advantage in subset of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1135. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1135
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Richard D. Berlin, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

1. Phagocytosis promotes the release of endogenous pyrogen from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 2. The release of pyrogen, though initiated by the phagocytic event, is not synchronous with it. 3. The postphagocytic release mechanism is not inhibited by sodium fluoride and, therefore, appears not to require continued production of energy by the cell. 4. The release process, on the other hand, is inhibited by arsenite, suggesting the participation of one or more sulfhydryl-dependent enzymes in the over-all reaction. 5. Particle for particle, the ingestion of heat-killed rough pneumococci causes the release of approximately 100 times as much pyrogen as the ingestion of polystyrene beads of the same size. 6. The pyrogen release mechanism of polymorphonuclear leucocytes separated directly from blood, unlike that of granulocytes in acute inflammatory exudates, is not readily activated by incubation of the cells in K-free saline. Despite this difference, both blood and exudate leucocytes following phagocytosis release large amounts of pyrogen, even in the presence of K(+). The fact that the postphagocytic reaction is uninhibited by the concentrations of K(+) which are present in plasma and extracellular fluids, suggests that this mechanism of pyrogen release may well operate in vivo. 7. As might be expected from the foregoing observations, the intravenous injection of a sufficiently large number of heat-killed pneumococci causes fever in the intact host. Intravenously injected polystyrene beads, on the other hand, are significantly less pyrogenic. Evidence is presented to support the conclusion that the fever in both instances is caused by pyrogen released from the circulating leucocytes which have phagocyted the injected particles. 8. The possible relationships of these findings to the pathogenesis of fevers caused by acute bacterial infections are discussed.
Effect of an Implantable Gentamicin-Collagen Sponge on Sternal Wound Infections Following Cardiac Surgery&lt;subtitle&gt;A Randomized Trial&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Elliott Bennett-Guerrero
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Despite the routine use of prophylactic systemic antibiotics, sternal wound infection still occurs in 5% or more of cardiac surgical patients and is associated with significant excess morbidity, mortality, and cost. The gentamicin-collagen sponge, a surgically implantable topical antibiotic, is currently approved in 54 countries. A large, 2-center, randomized trial in Sweden reported in 2005 that the sponge reduced surgical site infection by 50% in cardiac patients.To test the hypothesis that the sponge prevents infection in cardiac surgical patients at increased risk for sternal wound infection.Phase 3 single-blind, prospective randomized controlled trial, 1502 cardiac surgical patients at high risk for sternal wound infection (diabetes, body mass index >30, or both) were enrolled at 48 US sites between December 21, 2007, and March 11, 2009.Single-blind randomization to insertion of 2 gentamicin-collagen sponges (total gentamicin of 260 mg) between the sternal halves at surgical closure (n = 753) vs no intervention (control group: n = 749). All patients received standardized care including prophylactic systemic antibiotics and rigid sternal fixation.The primary end point was sternal wound infection occurring through 90 days postoperatively as adjudicated by a clinical events classification committee blinded to study treatment group. The primary study comparison was done in the intent-to-treat population. Secondary outcomes included (1) superficial wound infection (involving subcutaneous tissue but not extending down to sternal fixation wires), (2) deep wound infection (involving the sternal wires, sternal bone, and/or mediastinum), and (3) score for additional treatment, presence of serous discharge, erythema, purulent exudate, separation of the deep tissues, isolation of bacteria, and duration of inpatient stay (ASEPSIS; minimum score of 0 with no theoretical maximum).Of 1502 patients, 1006 had diabetes (67%) and 1137 were obese (body mass index >30) (76%). In the primary analysis, there was no significant difference in sternal wound infection in 63 of 753 patients randomized to the gentamicin-collagen sponge group (8.4%) compared with 65 of 749 patients randomized to the control group (8.7%) (P = .83). No significant differences were observed between the gentamicin-collagen sponge group and the control group, respectively, in superficial sternal wound infection (49/753 [6.5%] vs 46/749 [6.1%]; P = .77), deep sternal wound infection (14/753 [1.9%] vs 19/749 [2.5%]; P = .37), ASEPSIS score (mean [SD], 1.9 [6.4] vs 2.0 [7.2]; P = .67), or rehospitalization for sternal wound infection (23/753 [3.1%] vs 24/749 [3.2%]; P = .87).Among US patients with diabetes, high body mass index, or both undergoing cardiac surgery, the use of 2 gentamicin-collagen sponges compared with no intervention did not reduce the 90-day sternal wound infection rate.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00600483.
Maternal Exposure to a Brominated Flame Retardant and Genitourinary Conditions in Male Offspring
Authors: Chanley M. Small, John J. DeCaro, Metrecia L. Terrell, Celia Dominguez, Lorraine L. Cameron, Julie Wirth, Michele Marcus
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundThe upward trend in industrial nations in the incidence of male genitourinary (GU) conditions may be attributed to increased exposure to endocrine disruptors. Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a brominated flame retardant, is one such suspected endocrine disruptor.ObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between maternal serum levels of PBBs and GU conditions among male offspring exposed in utero.MethodsIn this cohort study of sons born to women accidentally exposed to PBBs during 1973–1974, we examined self-reported data on GU conditions among male offspring in relation to maternal serum PBB levels. We used generalized estimating equations to calculate odds ratios (ORs), controlling for gestational age at birth.ResultsOf 464 sons, 33 reported any GU condition (13 hernias, 10 hydroceles, 9 cryptorchidism, 5 hypospadias, and 1 varicocele). Four reported both hernia and hydrocele, and one both hernia and cryptorchidism. After adjustment for gestational age at birth, sons of highly exposed women (> 5 ppb) were twice as likely to report any GU condition compared with sons of the least exposed women [≤1 ppb; OR = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8–5.1]. This risk was increased when we excluded sons born after the exposure but before the mother's serum PBB measurement (OR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0–9.1). We found evidence of a 3-fold increase in reported hernia or hydrocele among sons with higher PBB exposure (test of trend p-value = 0.04). Neither hypospadias nor cryptorchidism was individually associated with PBB exposure.ConclusionsAlthough cryptorchidism and hypospadias were not associated with in utero PBB exposure, this study suggests that other GU conditions may be associated with exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during development.
743-3 Initial Quantitative Application of Three-dimensional Voxel Imaging with a Rotating Transducer to the Human Right Ventricle
Authors: leng Jiang, Mary Etta King, Myung-Yong Lee, Dan Gilon, Michael J.A. Williams, Stella V Brili, Mark D. Handschumacher, Richard M. Derman, Arthur E. Weyman, Robert A. Levine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: 30% Versus 10% Cutoff for Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Omar Hameed, David Chhieng, Amy L. Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

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