tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypnotherapy as a treatment for atopic dermatitis in adults and children
Authors: A.C. STEWART, S.E. THOMAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Eighteen adults with extensive atopic dermatitis, resistant to conventional treatment, were treated by hypnotherapy, with statistically significant benefit (P < 0.01%) measured both subjectively and objectively, which was maintained at up to 2 years where results were available. Twenty children with severe, resistant atopic dermatitis were treated by hypnosis. All but one showed immediate improvement, which was maintained at the following two clinic appointments. In 12 children, replies to a questionnaire at up to 18 months after treatment, showed that 10 had maintained improvement in itching and scratching, nine in sleep disturbance, and seven maintained improvement in mood.
Lifetime intellectual function and satisfaction with life in old age: longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Alan J Gow, Martha C Whiteman, Alison Pattie, Lawrence Whalley, John Starr, Ian J Deary
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The primary concern of most patients is not the use of their data for research but inappropriate access to medical data, and there is insufficient debate about what safeguards to ensuring confidentiality and the appropriate use of personal data would be sufficient to replace the requirement for individual consent.
The Antioxidants, Glutathione-S-Transferase-Omega1-1 (GST1-1) and Glutathione Peroxidase2 (GPX2), Are Increased in Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: D. Quarcoo, A.M. Dittrich, M. Krokowski, A. Awagjan, B. Ahrens, E.H. Hamelmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Abstract P3-04-01: Discovery of distinct sub-groups of ER positive breast cancers by DNA repair expression profiling: Implications for patient stratification and personalization of therapy
Authors: S Madhusudan, TMA Abdel-Fatah, R Russell, P Moseley, D Agarwal, A Mukherjee, G Ball, R Abbotts, C Perry, C Caldas, EA Rakha, S Chan, IO Ellis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The role of DNA repair in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer is largely unknown. We hypothesized that DNA repair dysregulation could lead to evolution of aggressive phenotypes with increasing resistance to endocrine therapy. Methods: We immuno-profiled 1120 early stage ER positive breast tumours for Pol b, FEN1, APE1, XRCC1, SMUG1, PARP1, ATR, ATM, DNA-PK, BRCA1, CHK1, CHK2, TOPO2, and p53. Multivariate analysis was used to calculate a DNA repair prognostic index after controlling for other validated prognostic factors, confounders and adjuvant therapy. For additional validation, genomic expression as well as array CGH evaluation of key DNA repair genes was performed [discovery cohort (n = 128), external validation in Uppsala (n = 249) and METABRIC cohort (n = 1950)]. Neural network analysis was conducted in 249 tumours to map genetic interactions. Results: DNA repair immuno-profiling stratified ER positive breast tumours into four distinct sub-groups with increasing aggressiveness and endocrine resistance (p = 1.6 × 10 −27). Subgroup 1 had the best breast cancer specific survival, subgroups 2 &amp; 3 have intermediate breast cancer specific survival and sub-group 4 had the worst breast cancer specific survival (Table). Survival analysis HR (95% CI)P ValuesSub-group 2 versus. Sub-group 11.6 (1.1-2.1)0.006Sub-group 3 versus. Sub-group 13.1 (2.3-4.3)1.5 × 10-12Sub-group 4 versus. Sub-group 15.7 (4.0-8.1)9.0 × 10−21 These distinct subgroups manifest progressively increasing tumour size, level of proliferation, de-differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, metastasis, altered apoptosis and increasing level of genomic instability (ps&amp;lt;0.001). At the genomic level DNA repair gene dysregulation remains independently associated with poor outcome and resistance (ps&amp;lt;0.001). Neural network analysis confirms interaction with genes involved in ER response. Conclusion: This is the first and largest study with 20 years long term follow-up data to provide compelling evidence that DNA repair dysregulation impacts ER positive breast cancer pathogenesis and drives evolution of aggressive phenotypes. Our data could transform stratification and the personalization landscape for ER positive tumours. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-04-01.
Tracking the Emergence of Conceptual Knowledge during Human Decision Making
Authors: Dharshan Kumaran, Jennifer J. Summerfield, Demis Hassabis, Eleanor A. Maguire
Journal: Neuron (2009)

Concepts lie at the very heart of intelligence, providing organizing principles with which to comprehend the world. Surprisingly little, however, is understood about how we acquire and deploy concepts. Here, we show that a functionally coupled circuit involving the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) underpins the emergence of conceptual knowledge and its effect on choice behavior. Critically, the hippocampus alone supported the efficient transfer of knowledge to a perceptually novel setting. These findings provide compelling evidence that the hippocampus supports conceptual learning through the networking of discrete memories and reveal the nature of its interaction with downstream valuation modules such as the vMPFC. Our study offers neurobiological insights into the remarkable capacity of humans to discover the conceptual structure of related experiences and use this knowledge to solve exacting decision problems.
Abstract 2916: NOXX: Friend or foe for cellular proliferation.
Authors: So Hee Dho, Ji Young Kim, Chang-Jin Kim, William M. Nauseef, So-Young Choi, Kwang-Pyo Lee, Ki-Sun Kwon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that determine cellular fate. In tumor progression, ROS have been suggested to function as a dual cell controller. They could induce cellular proliferation in low levels while inhibiting cellular proliferation in high levels. ROS can be produced by NOXX, a member of NADPH oxidase family. Here, we present that an increase in NOXX levels by activation of STAT5 are critical in tumor progression by comparing the NOXX levels of breast and lung tumor tissues to those of normal tissues. Consistently, depletion of NOXX causes tumor suppression of lung and breast cancer cells, and expression of NOXX induces proliferation of normal lung cells. Notably, we found that cisplatin, an antineoplastic agent, increases NOXX activity and inhibits cellular proliferation. Specifically, cisplatin activates NOXX to induce a high level of ROS in multiple ways through (i) an increase in NOXX levels, (ii) an increase in levels of c-abl which is an activator of NOXX, and (iii) a release of Ca2+, the other activator of NOXX. Together, NOXX is a double-edged sword for tumorigenesis in lung and breast cancers by modulating ROS levels, and will be a promising target for cancer therapy. Citation Format: So Hee Dho, Ji Young Kim, Chang-Jin Kim, William M. Nauseef, So-Young Choi, Kwang-Pyo Lee, Ki-Sun Kwon. NOXX: Friend or foe for cellular proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2916. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2916
Consensus guidelines for the conduct and reporting of clinical trials in systemic light-chain amyloidosis
Authors: R L Comenzo, D Reece, G Palladini, D Seldin, V Sanchorawala, H Landau, R Falk, K Wells, A Solomon, A Wechalekar, J Zonder, A Dispenzieri, M Gertz, H Streicher, M Skinner, R A Kyle, G Merlini
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Right ventricular dysfunction and functional limitation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: G. Giannakoulas, T. D. Karamitsos, G. Pitsiou, H. I. Karvounis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

differences may not be so clear-cut in the clinical setting and there are significant overlaps in clinical, physiological and pathological features of the two diseases, including the mechanisms of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy that drive obstructive phenotypes [7].Although asthma may progress to chronic irreversible airflow obstruction, changes in reversibility over time are not widely reported [8,9].It may be that we require a new taxonomy to better define the various disorders of airway obstruction.
Ventilatory function in British adults after asthma or wheezing illness at ages 0-35.
Authors: D P Strachan, J M Griffiths, I D Johnston, H R Anderson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The impact of past and current asthma on ventilatory function was assessed among young adults born in Britain March 3-9, 1958 who had been followed from birth to ages 7, 11, 16, 23, and 33 yr. We compared 1,060 subjects with a history of asthma, wheezy bronchitis, or wheezing with 275 control subjects with no history of chest illness. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured at 34-35 yr of age before and 20 min after inhalation of 400 micrograms salbutamol, and adjusted for sex, height, and smoking by multiple regression. Among 551 cases reporting no wheeze in the year before examination, ventilatory function after salbutamol did not differ significantly from the controls, except for FEV1 in 192 subjects with transient wheezing before age 7 (p < 0.05). Among 509 cases reporting wheeze in the past year, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio were reduced to a greater extent in those with an earlier age of onset of wheeze (p < 0.001 for trend in each case). These relative reductions were greater if wheezing had persisted through childhood and adolescence, and were only partially reversed by inhalation of salbutamol. Progressive pulmonary changes related to chronic asthma may be an important mechanism underlying the association between childhood chest illnesses and chronic respiratory disease in adult life.
Prospective Study of Fat and Protein Intake and Risk of Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage in Women
Authors: Hiroyasu Iso, Meir J. Stampfer, JoAnn E. Manson, Kathryn Rexrode, Frank B. Hu, Charles H. Hennekens, Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer, Walter C. Willett
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Dietary animal fat and protein have been inversely associated with a risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage in ecological studies. Methods and Results —In 1980, 85 764 women in the Nurses’ Health Study cohort, who were 34 to 59 years old and free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease and cancer, completed dietary questionnaires. From these questionnaires, we calculated fat and protein intake. By 1994, after 1.16 million person-years of follow-up, 690 incident strokes, including 74 intraparenchymal hemorrhages, had been documented. Multivariate-adjusted risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage was higher among women in the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted saturated fat intake than at all higher levels of intake (relative risk [RR], 2.36; 95% CI, 1.10 to 5.09; P =0.03). For trans unsaturated fat, the corresponding RR was 2.50 (95% CI, 1.35 to 4.65; P =0.004). Animal protein intake was inversely associated with risk (RR in the highest versus lowest quintiles, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.00; P =0.04). The excess risk associated with low saturated fat intake was observed primarily among women with a history of hypertension (RR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.09 to 12.3; P =0.04), but such an interaction was not seen for trans unsaturated fat or animal protein. These nutrients were not related to risk of other stroke subtypes. Dietary cholesterol and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat were not related to risk of any stroke subtype. Conclusions —Low intake of saturated fat and animal protein was associated with an increased risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage, which may help to explain the high rate of this stroke subtype in Asian countries. The increased risk with low intake of saturated fat and trans unsaturated fat is compatible with the reported association between low serum total cholesterol and risk.
Depression and Risk of Stroke
Authors: J.-Y. Dong
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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Immunopathogenesis of Syphilitic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Charles N. Gamble, John B. Reardan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A renal biopsy was performed on a patient with syphilitic glomerulonephritis characterized clinically by the acute onset of nephrosis that responded dramatically to penicillin therapy. Histologic, electron microscopical and immunohistochemical studies revealed an early membranous glomerulonephritis characterized by the presence of subepithelial basement-membrane deposits containing IgG and C3. The glomerular lesion, however, differed from that in the usual case of membranous nephropathy in that distinctive segmental lesions were present at the tubular poles of the glomeruli, and all the glomeruli exhibited mild proliferation of mesangial cells in association with the presence of IgM within mesangial areas. Antibody elution studies performed on the renal-biopsy specimen demonstrated the presence of antitreponemal antibody within the glomerular immune-complex deposits. This finding indicates that the glomerular injury occasionally complicating secondary syphilis is due to the deposition of treponemal antigen-antitreponemal antibody complexes.
New look at myocardial infarction: toward a better aspirin
Authors: R Bing
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

The evidence for the formation of NO and of its oxidation products, as well as of prostacyclin and thromboxane by the infarcted heart muscle is reviewed. The importance of inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages of cardiac origin is documented. Because of its side effects on gastric mucosa and kidney by aspirin, several modifications of aspirin are currently being developed. These are based on eliminating their inflammatory effect by selective inhibition of COX-2, or by attaching an NO-delivering side chain to the aspirin molecule (NO–aspirin), or by combining two preparations, an NO donor with aspirin. NO–aspirins and the combination of an NO-donor with aspirin promise to be beneficial in the early stages of myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, the main beneficial effect of aspirin, that of inhibition of thrombus formation, is also the cause for its most dreaded complication, hemorrhagic stroke. None of the new aspirins is able to prevent this complication.
cell surface glycoproteins of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. I. T 145, a new cell surface glycoprotein selectively expressed on Ly 1-2(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: AK Kimura, H Wigzell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

T lymphocytes at various stages of maturation and differentiation have been isolated by cellular fractionation procedures and characterized by cell surface markers and functional assays, The cell surface glycoproteins of the various T-cell preparations have been selectively radiolabeled by the galactose oxidase-tritiated sodium borohydride technique and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Details are presented on the appearance of a new cell surface glycoprotein (T 145), present on immunocompetent T lymphocytes after activation by either major histocompatibility complex alloantigens or by concanavalin A. The intensity of T 145 expression on T lymphoblasts is shown to be directly correlated in time and extent to the levels of cytotoxicity generated in a variety of T-cell activations. Specific enrichment procedures of purified populations of mixed leukocyte culture blasts have shown Ly 1(+)2(-) blasts to be T 145(-) and Ly 1(-)2(+) blasts to be strongly T 145(+). Similar enrichment procedures on normal peripheral T cells have failed to reveal any significant expression of T 145 on a highly enriched population of Ly 1(-)2(+) T cells, Further studies on the stability of T 145 expression after induction have shown it to be a more permanent-type differentiation structure whose expression is clearly not linked to the blast stage of activation. T 145 would thus appear to represent a membrane glycoprotein whose exclusive expression on T lymphoblasts is further restricted to a defined group of cells endowed with cytolytic activity and bearing the Ly phenotype Ly 1(-)2(+).
Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Shortens Cardiac Repolarization
Authors: Hester M. Den Ruijter, Remco Franssen, Arie O. Verkerk, Diederik F. van Wijk, Stefan F. Vaessen, Adriaan G. Holleboom, Johannes H. Levels, Tobias Opthof, Rattapong Sungnoon, Erik S. Stroes, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven, Ruben Coronel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Job Stressors and Coping in Health Professions
Authors: E. Heim
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

In spite of their knowledge about stressors, health hazards and coping, health professionals are in general not aware of their own health risks. In an attempt to clarify the issue results of our own studies are compared to the relevant literature. A survey on 1,248 Swiss nurses confirmed the major stressors known: ethical conflicts about appropriate patient care, team conflicts, role ambiguity, workload and organizational deficits. In doctors workload and shortage of time, combined with specific responsibility in decision making, are most prominent. Nevertheless, job satisfaction is still high in both professions. Health hazards in doctors are considerable, although life expectancy has improved and is comparable to the general public, but still lower as compared to other professionals. Depression and substance abuse are related to higher suicide rates. The specific role strain of female doctors is responsible for health risks with an alarming 10 years lower life expectancy than in the general population. Little is known about specific health hazards in nurses, except for burnout. A lack of coping research in the field makes conclusions difficult. Our own studies show limited coping skills in nurses, but good buffering effect in 1,700 Swiss dentists.
Introduction of the Blood Pressure Cuff into U.S. Medical Practice: Technology and Skilled Practice
Authors: Christopher W. Crenner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

The history of the sphygmomanometer, or blood pressure cuff, raises useful questions about the acceptance of new medical technologies.When the blood pressure cuff first appeared in U.S. medical practice in the first decade of the 1900s, it generated some concern and debate among physicians. Review of the medical literature, a systematic study of patient records from Massachusetts General Hospital, and consideration of events in Boston during this period suggest that physicians faced several important choices associated with the early acceptance of the cuff. The introduction of the blood pressure cuff presented physicians with several different, competing methods for assessing the force of a patient's blood flow.Physicians chose to use the cuff in a manner that preserved their exclusive use of the new tool and maintained a high level of skill for their individual practices. An early proposal to introduce the new blood pressure cuff as a simple tool for nursing use met with resistance. Many physicians initially favored a competing practice of assessing the force of blood flow by pulse palpation. Physicians eventually dropped the practice of subjectively palpating the force of blood flow and came to rely increasingly on the measurement of blood pressure using auscultation. Even after adopting the cuff into practice, however, they had little interest in completely standardizing the use of the blood pressure cuff across the practices of individual physicians.
India reaches milestone of no cases of wild poliovirus for 12 months
Authors: G. Kaura, T. Biswas
Journal: BMJ (2012)

India, one of the world’s four endemic countries (the others being Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria) for transmission of wild poliovirus, has experienced a year without reporting any cases for the first time. The last case—of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1)—was recorded on 13 January 2011 in the state of West Bengal.

WHO launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988 and intensified …
Reactivity parameters in structure-activity relationship-based risk assessment of chemicals.
Authors: J D McKinney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

New approaches to the risk assessment process are needed that might be more definitive and satisfying to the scientific community, interest groups, and the public at large. This commentary examines an alternative approach that is based on understanding the relationships of chemical structure and reactivity properties to the toxicokinetic behavior of chemicals in biological systems. This approach is based on the likelihood that there is a limited number of triggering (reactivity) mechanisms by which chemicals can express their toxicity at the molecular level. The fundamental importance of electrophilic character of chemicals as a determinant of their critical molecular reactivities and interactions with biological material in the expression of toxicity is supported. Such an approach also takes advantage of the maturing field of theoretical/computational chemistry in understanding important molecular recognition and reactivity processes (both qualitatively and quantitatively) for chemicals that can underlie their biological/toxicological activity. A process that permits assessment of reaction equivalents delivered to biological systems may hold promise for grouping chemicals by common triggering mechanisms with clearly delineated toxicological endpoints.