tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
997-85 Immunosuppressive Treatment in Autoreactive Myocarditis-Results from a Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Bernhard Maisch, Matthias Herzum, Günther Hufnagel, Christian Hengstenberg, Ute Schönian, Alfonso Bittinger, Eckhardt G.J. Olsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
New study on competition in NHS presents complex picture
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Background: Pharmacological inhibition of osteoclast activity is an essential component of oncological therapy for patients with bone metastases. In rare cases, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is observed. MRONJ can cause bone defects not inferior to primary or metastatic jaw neoplasms. Oral examination of patients on osteoclast-inhibiting medication aims to identify risk factors at an early stage and to initiate therapy. The current focus on osteoclast-inhibiting drugs in the maxillofacial region is MRONJ. Effects of the substances other than MRONJ are rarely reported. Case Report: The female patient with metastatic breast cancer had developed extensive osteolysis of the mandibular ramus at the time of initial diagnosis. The patient was treated with denosumab. Seven months later, a significant reduction in the mandibular osteolytic zone was recorded. However, known bone metastases from other sites had increased in size during multimodal therapy, and further metastases were recorded. Conclusion: Jaw metastasis can shrink under denosumab therapy.
A LONGITUDINAL EXAMINATION OF CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DUCHENNE AND BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY VIA CMRI
Authors: Animesh Tandon, Michael Taylor, Stephanie Ware, John Jefferies, Joshua Sticka, Robert J. Fleck, Brenda L. Wong, Wojciech Mazur, Kan Hor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Computer-aided Diagnosis: Description of an Adaptable System, and Operational Experience with 2,034 Cases
Authors: J. C. Horrocks, A. P. McCann, J. R. Staniland, D. J. Leaper, F. T. de Dombal
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This paper describes a system of computer-aided diagnosis using an English Electric KDF9 computer linked to a terminal in a busy clinical department. Data from a series of patients were recorded, coded, and entered into the computer, which then performed a Bayesian analysis and displayed diagnostic probabilities in an adaptable format. Experience in this setting suggests that computer diagnosis may be a valuable aid to the clinician.
Transforming growth factor-β distribution in basal cell carcinomas: relationship to proliferation index
Authors: G.W.H. STAMP, M. NASIM, M. CARDILLO, S.G. SUDHINDRA, E-N. LALANI, M. PIGNATELLI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF–β) distribution in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) was studied using polyclonal antibodies recognizing intra‐ (precursor) and extracellular (activated) forms (LC 1–30 and CC 1–30), and compared with an index of cell proliferation (PCNA immunoreactivity). Intracellular TGF‐β is found in suprabasal keratinocytes and the outer root sheath. Extracellular TGF‐β is largely absent from normal skin, but is abundant in the intercellular spaces of hyperplastic epidermis overlying BCCs. Twenty‐five of 29 BCCs showed increased extracellular TGF‐β in the desmoplastic stroma, with intercellular staining in nine of these. Intracellular TGF‐β was present in fibroblasts and endothelial cells, although only 17 of 29 BCCs were positive, predominantly in central cells showing apparent maturation. Little correlation was seen between the degree of staining of tumour cells and the distribution of extracellular TGF‐β. PCNA immunoreactivity was greater in BCCs compared with normal epidermis in 24 of 37 cases (P = 0.005), and was concentrated on the periphery of nodular BCCs. Strongest stromal reactivity for TGF‐β and maximal PCNA index also showed a significant correlation (P = 0.023). This study demonstrated abundant TGF‐β in the active stroma around BCCs, which may account for many of the morphological and functional characteristics of this tumour, but which may be a product of stromal rather than tumour cells.
Agranulocytosis with Monohistiocytosis Associated with Ampicillin Therapy
Authors: MARTIN GRAF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A case is presented of a patient who developed agranulocytosis with a peripheral monocytosis and a marrow histiocytosis secondary to ampicillin therapy. A brief review of this complex, previously called leukopenic infectious monocytosis, is presented, with emphasis upon the beneficial prognosis of monocytosis. Since this is the first case report of agranulocytosis induced by ampicillin, ampicillin's chemical structure is examined. It is pointed out that ampicillin contains an alpha-aminobenzene, a structure common to many drugs previously implicated in causing agranulocytosis. A brief discussion of the previously postulated causal mechanisms involved in agranulocytosis is presented.
Rate- and Site-Dependent Effects of Propafenone, Dofetilide, and the New <i>I</i> <sub>Ks</sub> -Blocking Agent Chromanol 293b on Individual Muscle Layers of the Intact Canine Heart
Authors: Alexander Bauer, Ruediger Becker, Kirsten D. Freigang, Julia C. Senges, Frederik Voss, Alexander Hansen, Matthias Müller, Hans Jochen Lang, Uwe Gerlach, Andreas Busch, Patricia Kraft, Wolfgang Kübler, Wolfgang Schöls
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated regional differences in electrophysiological properties of individual left ventricular muscle layers. Controversy exists on the relevance of these findings for the situation in vivo. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether the in vivo canine heart exhibits regional differences in left ventricular refractoriness and in the susceptibility to sodium and potassium channel blockers. Methods and Results —In 16 dogs, 36 needle electrodes (12 mm long, 4 bipolar electrodes, interelectrode distance 2.5 mm) were inserted into the left ventricular wall. By use of a computerized multiplexer-mapping system, the spread of activation in epicardial, endocardial, and midmyocardial muscle was reconstructed during ventricular pacing at 300- and 850-ms basic cycle length (BCL). Effective refractory periods (ERPs) were determined at baseline and after application of propafenone (2 mg/kg), dofetilide (30 μg/kg), or chromanol 293b (10 mg/kg) by the extrastimulus technique (BCL 300 and 850 ms). At baseline, activation patterns and ERPs were uniform in all muscle layers. Propafenone homogeneously decreased conduction velocity and moderately prolonged ERPs without any regional differences. Dofetilide and chromanol 293b did not affect the spread of activation. Dofetilide exhibited reverse use-dependent effects on ERP, still preserving transmural homogeneity of refractoriness. Chromanol 293b led to a regionally uniform but more pronounced increase in local ERPs at faster than at slower pacing rates. Conclusions —At the heart rates applied, the in vivo canine heart does not exhibit regional differences in electrophysiological properties. Given the homogeneity of antiarrhythmic drug effects, induction of local gradients of refractoriness is obviously not a common mechanism of proarrhythmia in normal hearts.
Chemical colitis caused by peracetic acid or hydrogen peroxide: a challenging dilemma
Authors: M. Kara, I. Turan, Z. Polat, T. Dogru, S. Bagci
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Peroxide agents used to disinfect endoscopes may cause chemical colitis [1] [2] [3]. However, it remains controversial whether the agent reponsible is the peracetic acid or the hydrogen peroxide in the solution. We recently encountered four cases of chemical colitis, showing characteristic morphologic and histologic features, including the “snow white sign”, following use of a new automated disinfection device in our endoscopy unit. The disinfectant contained 0.2 % peracetic acid as the active substance and 3 % hydrogen peroxide as the auxiliary substance. All the cases occurred during a 4-day period, and all the patients showed mucosal changes in the various segments of the colon (see [Table 1]) after washing with water to remove any fecal material. The lesions manifesting as the “snow white sign” consisted of raised whitish-yellow plaques of varying sizes, some of which were confluent ([Fig. 1], [Video 1]). Vigorous effervescence was also noted. All biopsy specimens from the plaques showed the same histological pattern, compatible with pseudolipomatosis ([Fig. 2]). Following colonoscopy no specific gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in any of the patients, and they all remained asymptomatic at a review visit 3 weeks later. Because the lesions were expected to heal spontaneously [1] [2], follow-up colonoscopy was not carried out. A programming error was discovered in the automated disinfection device, related to the rinsing of the air/water channels of the endoscopes. After correction of the problem there have been no more cases of chemical colitis in our department.
A novel mutation, outside of the candidate region for diagnosis, in the inverted formin 2 gene can cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Maria Sanchez-Ares, Marina Garcia-Vidal, Espinosa-Estevez Antucho, Pardo Julio, Vazquez-Martul Eduardo, Xose M. Lens, Miguel A. Garcia-Gonzalez
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
RECIPROCITY AND MEDICAL LICENSURE IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Walter V. Brem
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the article by Raymond Pearl on the "Distribution of Physicians in the United States" (The Journal, April 4), it is shown that in 1920 there were in the Pacific division of the United States 24.4 physicians per 10,000 of population, while in the second highest group, the West North Central division, there were only 17 physicians per 10,000 of population. That is, the Pacific division in 1920 had 43.5 per cent, more physicians in proportion to the population than any other division of the United States. It is probable that the percentage at the present time, five years later, is even greater than this. In the state board number ofThe Journal, May 2, it is shown that in 1924 California issued reciprocity certificates to 388 physicians, while only sixteen physicians left California by reciprocity for other states. The state that issued the next highest number
GW25-e3356 Prevalence of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease in Southern China: A retrospective echocardiographic study
Authors: Siza Ngomero, Zeng Qingchun, Xu Zhihao, Zhu Dingji, Liu Changhua, Wang Peng, Xu Dingli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
REPORT OF A CASE OF GASTRO-ELYTROTOMY, IN IN THE SEGTION ON OBSTETRICS AND DISEASES OF WOMEN OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Authors: WILLIAM H. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1883)

On the 17th of May, 1883, I was requested by J. C. Mackenzie,m.d., to see a case of protracted labor with him. From the doctor, who kindly furnished the notes for my report, I obtained the following history: Mrs. M., American, 32 years old, primapara, apparently healthy, 4 ft. 7 inches high, good family history, with exception of considerable pain in abdomen men for past six weeks has been healthy during her pregnancy. On the 13th inst., began to have premonitory labor pains, which have continued to increase to present, except as temporarily relieved by the use of chloral and morphia. The membranes ruptured about 9p.m., 14th inst., the os then admitting one finger. The head was felt presenting. These general phenomena continued until when first seen by me on the 17th. The conditions were: No appetite; had a care-worn expression; very prominent abdomen, men, which was not
INHIBITION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS MULTIPLICATION BY ALKYL DERIVATIVES OF BENZIMIDAZOLE
Authors: Igor Tamm, Karl Folkers, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

At a concentration of 0.0026 M, 2,5-dimethylbenzimidazole caused a number of alterations in the first cycle of multiplication of influenza B virus, Lee strain, in chorioallantoic membrane cultures in vitro. As determined by infectivity titrations in ovo on the membrane per se, the following alterations were observed: The duration of the latent period was increased by 80 per cent. The rate of increase in titer during the incremental period was somewhat decreased. The yield of virus was decreased by about 99 per cent. When the compound was added to membrane cultures at various periods before or after inoculation with the virus, the following findings were obtained: On addition before or along with the virus, the substance caused about 99 per cent inhibition of multiplication. When added during the first 2 hours after inoculation, the compound caused inhibition of a degree which was inversely proportional to the time of addition. When added 3 to 8 hours after inoculation, the substance caused about 80 per cent inhibition. When added after the end of the latent period, no definite inhibition was obtained in the first cycle of multiplication. These results are interpreted as indicating that 2,5-dimethylbenzimidazole acts by reducing the rate of biosynthetic mechanisms necessary for the reproduction of influenza virus particles.
THE ROENTGEN RAYS IN SUPERFICIAL LESIONS.
Authors: RUSSELL H. BOGGS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The Roentgen rays, as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of superficial lesions, has attained an important place. The lesions which have been successfully treated are varied. This is accounted for by a careful study of the physical properties and the physiologic action of the rays. No therapeutic agent should ever be employed without first studying its physiologic action and the amount necessary to produce the desired effect. In order to appreciate the value of the agent it is necessary to understand that the rays are not all of uniform energy and that those given off by a low and a high tube have a very different action on tissue. For instance, a light which is most efficient in acne, would be useless in the treatment of tuberculous adenitis. In a general way the vacuum might be subdivided into five degrees for the treatment of the various diseases, ranging from
Expression of hepatitis C virus NS5A natural mutants in a hepatocytic cell line inhibits the antiviral effect of interferon in a PKR-independent manner
Authors: Philippe Podevin, Abdelmajid Sabile, Rodrigo Gajardo, Nadira Delhem, Annie Abadie, Pierre-Yves Lozach, Laura Beretta, Christian Bréchot
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The impact of hepatitis C virus NS5A protein mutations on interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) signaling pathway, cell proliferation, and viability is an important issue that is still under debate. We have therefore combined transient and stable expression in a human hepatocytic cell line (Huh7) of 3 full-length NS5A sequences, isolated from patients with or without response to IFN-alpha therapy. Expression of all 3 NS5A-reduced IFN-alpha global antiviral activity on both vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) replication. We did not show, however, an effect of these 3 NS5A proteins on double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (PKR) expression and activity as well as colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation between NS5A and PKR. We also failed to show an effect of the 3 NS5A mutants tested on cell proliferation and viability. Overall, our results support an important role of NS5A in controlling IFN-alpha antiviral activity; they show, however, that PKR-independent mechanisms are implicated, at least in liver-derived cells.
Single hormone is best for emergency pill
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A World Health Organisation task force has confirmed that levonorgestrel alone is a significantly better form of emergency contraception than the current standard treatment of a combination of levonorgestrel and ethinyloestradiol. The combined hormonal regimen, known as the Yuzpe method, is marketed in the UK as Schering PC4.

The researchers enrolled almost 2000 women who had requested …
US expands prescribing recommendations for aspirin
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has substantially expanded its official prescribing recommendations and labelling requirements for aspirin to increase use in ischaemic heart disease and stroke.

The effectiveness of aspirin in preventing heart attacks and limiting infarct size is widely known, but only about half of patients who have had a heart attack receive the drug, according to an advisory panel. Under the new ruling, …
Immediate heart-rate response to standing: simple test for autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.
Authors: D J Ewing, I W Campbell, A Murray, J M Neilson, B F Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The immediate heart-rate response to standing was measured in 22 normal controls and 25 patients with diabetes, 15 of whom had autonomic neuropathy. The response in the controls and patients without autonomic neuropathy was characteristic and consistent, with tachycardia maximal at around the 15th beat and relative bradycardia maximal at around the 30th beat. The diabetics with autonomic neuropathy, however, showed a flat response. In three controls the response was abolished with intravenous atropine but not with propranolol, showing that it is mediated through the vagus. A simplified test using routine ECGs and measuring the R-R interval at beats 15 and 30 with a ruler is easily performed as an outpatient procedure and may be used as a measure of autonomic function in diabetes.
Is It Just a Marker for Increased Care?
Authors: Richard Hockey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Because of the nature of the analysis used in this study [1], no conclusion is possible.There are plenty of examples in the literature demonstrating the "ecological fallacy".Studies such as this have very little utility other than to generate hypotheses.I tend to think that this association is a marker for greater recognition and treatment for depression.However, it's a brave epidemiologist who would draw any conclusions at all from an ecological association such as this where the outcome is relatively rare.
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED CARDIAC SCREENING: NO DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY LEVELS BASED ON REASON FOR FALSE POSITIVE RESULT
Authors: I Asif, D Price, J Jenkins, A Lett, M Irwin, S Johnson, B Toresdahl, H Pelto, T Smith, K Harmon, J Drezner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The American Heart Association (AHA) cites excessive anxiety in athletes with false positive results as a major deterrent to ECG screening during the PPE. No study has examined the experiences of athletes with false positive test results during cardiovascular screening. Objective To determine the psychological impact of young athletes with false positive results by history, exam, or ECG during cardiovascular screening. Design Prospective, multi-site investigation (22 schools). Setting Young competitive athletes. Participants 1 506 high school athletes (59.3% male, mean age 15.5 years, 53.7% Caucasian, 23.4% African American). Assessment of risk factors Athletes underwent screening with a standardized AHA-based history and physical exam and ECG. Main outcome measurements Pre- and post-screen validated assessments for health attitudes, anxiety, and impact of screening on sport. Results 74.1% of athletes had normal screens, 22.1% false positive results (12.9% history, 4.2% exam, 3.1% ECG), and 0.9% were diagnosed with a cardiac disorder. Before screening, females preferred to know about underlying cardiac conditions compared to males (P&lt;.001). African-Americans were less concerned (P&lt;.001) and less interested (P&lt;.001) in cardiac screening compared to Caucasians. As a group, athletes did not report anxiety during screening and there were no differences in anxiety levels among athletes screening normal or false positive (P=.69). There were no differences in anxiety levels based on reason for false positive result (history, exam, or ECG) both during (P=.95) and after (P=.40) screening. Athletes with false positive outcomes reported they would recommend ECG screening and that it positively impacted their training. Athletes diagnosed with disease described anxiety after screening completion, but felt all athletes should receive an ECG prior to competition. Conclusions The AHA supposition that ECG screening causes excessive anxiety in athletes with false positive results is unsubstantiated. Psychological distress should not be used as a rationale against ECG screening.
The use of orchids in Chinese medicine
Authors: Christopher J Bulpitt, Yan Li, Pauline F Bulpitt, Jiguang Wang
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

In this article, the therapeutic uses of five Chinese medicines that contain orchids are discussed, together with a brief report of some of the animal experimentation undertaken. The impression that these preparations have no therapeutic use may be incorrect. However, herbal preparations have not usually been subject to the rigorous characterization and standardization necessary for clinical study, and persuading practitioners that substances in use for many centuries still need to be tested in randomized controlled clinical trials is proving a significant challenge.
A System in Name Only — Access, Variation, and Reform in Canada's Provinces
Authors: Steven Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Interview with Steven Lewis on health care in Canada and the challenges facing a fragmented system. (10:23)Download The failings of the Canadian health care system suggest that a public system narrowly focused on care by hospitals and physicians will perform poorly and that even massive spending increases won't solve problems without policy, structural, funding, and payment reforms.
Preserved levels of uninvolved immunoglobulins are independently associated with favorable outcome in patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma
Authors: E Kastritis, F Zagouri, A Symeonidis, M Roussou, A Sioni, A Pouli, S Delimpasi, E Katodritou, E Michalis, M Michael, E Hatzimichael, A Vassou, P Repousis, A Christophoridou, Z Kartasis, E Stefanoudaki, C Megalakaki, S Giannouli, M-C Kyrtsonis, K Konstantopoulos, M Spyroupoulou-Vlachou, E Terpos, M A Dimopoulos
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Francis Oughterson Brown
Authors: Colin Brown
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Francis Brown grew up in Greenock and in the West End of Glasgow, and was educated at Kelvinside Academy and Loretto School. In 1940 he went to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, then returned to Glasgow for the final MB, qualifying in 1945. After only six months as a house surgeon, he was called up to the Royal Army Medical Corps, and was posted to Egypt and Palestine as regimental medical officer for the King's Own Scottish Borderers, and then in Cyprus for the South Wales Borderers.

He had a fascinating time in the multinational chaos of the post-war Middle …