tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormone Therapy To Prevent Disease and Prolong Life in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: D Grady, S M Rubin, D B Petitti, C S Fox, D Black, B Ettinger, V L Ernster, S R Cummings
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Purpose: To critically review the risks and benefits of hormone therapy for asymptomatic postmenopausal women who are considering long-term hormone therapy to prevent disease or to prolong life. Data Sources: Review of the English-language literature since 1970 on the effect of estrogen therapy and estrogen plus progestin therapy on endometrial cancer, breast cancer, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, and stroke. We used standard meta-analytic statistical methods to pool estimates from studies to determine summary relative risks for these diseases in hormone users and modified lifetable methods to estimate changes in lifetime probability and life expectancy due to use of hormone regimens. Results: There is evidence that estrogen therapy decreases risk for coronary heart disease and for hip fracture, but long-term estrogen therapy increases risk for endometrial cancer and may be associated with a small increase in risk for breast cancer. The increase in endometrial cancer risk can probably be avoided by adding a progestin to the estrogen regimen for women who have a uterus, but the effects of combination hormones on risk for other diseases has not been adequately studied. We present estimates for changes in lifethne probabilities of disease and life expectancy due to hormone therapy in women who have had a hysterectomy; with coronary heart disease; and at increased risk for coronary heart disease, hip fracture, and breast cancer. Conclusions: Hormone therapy should probably be recommended for women who have had a hysterectomy and for those with coronary heart disease or at high risk for coronary heart disease. For other women, the best course of action is unclear. [Note that sections in this review are numbered so that they can be identified with cross-references as supporting evidence for the Clinical Guideline, (Guidelines for Counseling Postmenopausal Women about Preventive Hormone Therapy), which also appears in this issue of Annals; see pages 1038-1041—The Editors]
Nutritional Challenges for Physicians
Authors: Fredrick J. Stare
Journal: JAMA (1961)

LESS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, less tooth decay, fewer kidney and bladder stones, less iron deficiency anemia, better control of diabetes, quicker recovery from acute disease, partner of physiotherapy in rehabilitation, key to some of the hereditary or inborn errors of metabolism, improvement in fitness and general health—these are targets which present challenges for all physicians, challenges in which nutrition plays an important role. Like other fields of health and medicine, nutritional concepts have changed appreciably since the time many physicians went to medical school. Nutrition has seldom been an important part of the medical curriculum and unfortunately this is still true today for most of our medical schools. The first nutritional challenge to the physician is to inform himself of the concepts of modern nutrition. How can the busy physician find the time to review modern concepts of nutrition? The AMA's Council on Foods and Nutrition has a list of up-to-date
Reporting of Diabetes Trends Among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders—Reply
Authors: Linda S. Geiss, Jing Wang, Edward W. Gregg
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of anticholinergic drugs on the electrolyte content of gastric juice
Authors: D. W. Piper, M. C. Stiel
Journal: Gut (1961)

Gastric secretion was stimulated by insulin hypoglycaemia and the effect of increasing doses of anticholinergic drugs on the volume, acid, and electrolyte content of gastric juice was studied. The sodium and potassium output was depressed to a far less extent than the acid output and the drop in volume of secretion and acid output after anticholinergic drugs is almost entirely due to decreased acid secretion. With increasing anticholinergic suppression of the volume of secretion, there is a marked fall in potassium output and a lesser fall in sodium output. The potassium concentration showed a slight fall and there was a rise in sodium concentration.
An Oasis in Time
Authors: Lorraine Tosiello
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters17 May 2011An Oasis in TimeLorraine Tosiello, MDLorraine Tosiello, MDFrom Center for Comprehensive Health Practice, New York, NY 10029.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-10-201105170-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As an internist who trained in the mid-1980s, I had the privilege of enjoying the kind of significant patient care that Liu describes in his article regarding a medical service “designed to help residents to better know their patients as individuals” (1). At the time, this type of experience was caused not by limiting patient numbers but by the dual “extenders” of long resident work hours and long patient length of stay. Both have decreased, leaving physicians in training with less time to spend with their patients.Medical educators desperately require answers to the questions that Liu ...Reference1. Liu SS. An oasis in time. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:614-5. [PMID: 21041583] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Center for Comprehensive Health Practice, New York, NY 10029.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAn Oasis in Time Stanley Shi-Dan Liu An Oasis in Time Michael E. Miller Metrics 17 May 2011Volume 154, Issue 10Page: 705KeywordsConflicts of interestMedical servicesPatients ePublished: 17 May 2011 Issue Published: 17 May 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Italian EU presidency brings ambitious health targets
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Italian government has set itself an ambitious public health agenda as it presides over European Union business for the next six months. Heading the list are moves to establish a European centre for disease prevention and control and to increase information to the public on the importance of healthy lifestyles.

The recent SARS outbreak has convinced the EU commissioner for public health, David Byrne, of the need to establish a central point of expertise and coordination to handle any future outbreaks of infectious diseases within a union that will have 25 members in less than …
Cocarcinogenicity of phenols from Estonian shale tars (oils).
Authors: P A Bogovski, H I Mirme
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Many phenols have carcinogenic activity. The Estonian shale oils contain up to 40 vol % phenols. The promoting activity after initiation of phenols of Estonian shale oils was tested in mice with a single subthreshold dose (0.36 mg) of benzo(a)pyrene. C57Bl and CC57Br mice were used in skin painting experiments. Weak carcinogenic activity was found in the total crude water-soluble phenols recovered from the wastewater of a shale processing plant. In two-stage experiments a clear promoting action of the total crude phenols was established, whereas the fractions A and B (training reagents), obtained by selective crystallization of the total phenols exerted a considerably weaker promoting action. Epo-glue, a commercial epoxy product produced from unfractionated crude phenols, had no promoting activity, which may be due to the processing of the phenols involving polymerization. The mechanism of action of phenols is not clear. According to some data from the literature, phenol and 5-methylresorcinol reduce the resorption speed of BP in mouse skin, causing prolongation of the action fo the carcinogen.
Ian Charles Aitchison Martin
Authors: M T Haslam
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Professor of surgery who developed evidence based surgery and medical ethicsAlan Johnson rose rapidly through the ranks of academic surgery to become reader in surgery at Charing Cross Hospital in 1971, a post he held until moving to the chair in surgery in Sheffield in 1979.He combined excellence in surgical skills, sharp scientific aptitude, a rigorous approach to developing evidence based surgery, and a strong interest in medical ethics.He translated these interests into a body of published work which made an important contribution to the disciplines of gastroduodenal motility, hepatobiliary and upper gastrointestinal surgery, randomised surgical trials, and medical ethics.In total, he edited or authored 10 textbooks, over 35 book chapters, and almost 200 original publications.Two of his books were published after his retirement, including a text on surgical palliative care, and his last book, entitled Making Sense of Medical Ethics and written jointly with his son Paul, was completed a month before his death.He published prospective randomised trials evaluating the role of lithotripsy in the treatment of gallstones and a trial comparing laparoscopic with mini-and evaluated new techniques throughout his surgical career and latterly had been a pioneer in the surgical treatment of obesity.
Two more things for consideration: Sexual orientation and conduct disorder
Authors: Thomas Edmund Dickins, Mark James Timothy Sergeant
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We add to Archer's review with mention of sexual orientation differences in aggression and empathy, which suggest a biological basis for the mediating role of empathy. We also note that Archer's view of sex differences will illuminate discussion of conduct disorder, which can only be of help to researchers in this field.
An extrahepatic bile duct growth factor:In vivo effect and preliminary characterization
Authors: Joy H. Glaser, Rachel Morecki, Sheila Fallon-Friedlander, Marshall S. Horwitz
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Rabbit sera injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice were noted to produce a considerable and selective enlargement of extrahepatic bile ducts. The gallbladder, intrahepatic ducts, liver and other organs showed no stimulaion of growth. Duct enlargement leading to widening of its outer diameter which, on average, was 3.6 times that of normal, was due entirely to an increased number of epithelial cells with prominent proliferation of intramural glandular components. There was no evidence of inflammatory bile duct injury, fibrosis or obstruction. All of the above changes were reversible and regressed slowly after discontinuation of injections. The bile duct growth-promoting factor was detected in sera of many animal species including humans and birds. Host response to this factor was determined by the number of injections and appeared to be strain-related since it was not observed in C57BL or C3H mice. The sex and age of the donor or recipient were not of any relevance to the growth response. In order to isolate and characterize the bile duct growth factor, rabbit serum was separated into various fractions, and the effect of each fraction was tested in the animal model. Proteins in the 33 to 65% ammonium sulfate precipitate of whole rabbit sera had activity equal to that of native sera. Activity was abolished by treating this serum fraction with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate plus proteinase K, suggesting that the bile duct growth factor is a protein. Lipids extracted from whole sera using chloroform:methanol or ultracentrifugation were devoid of activity. These studies point to the existence of a serum protein which acts as a selective in vivo growth factor for extrahepatic bile ducts in genetically susceptible mice.
Relief of postoperative pain.
Authors: H T Davenport, B M Wright
Journal: BMJ (1979)

bearing-down reflex had been abolished, because these mothers.exhibited the least accumulation of metabolic acidosis (those epidural mothers who retained the bearingdown reflex were rather more acidotic because, presumably, of the greater exertion involved).3The important point, however, is that at each designated duration of the second stage the "epidural" infants were less acidotic at delivery than were the "non-epidural" infants.It appears from the reports of their studies4 5 that Professor Derom and his colleagues found no significant difference in the acid-base state of neonates referable to epidural analgesia, but they did not introduce into their analysis the duration of the second stage as a variable factor.I would contend that in the circum- stances under review it is the contrast between the absolute values of neonatal acidosis which is of importance, and not the difference between the values of feto-maternal gradients.
Boron‐Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Microelectrode Arrays Monitor Cardiac Action Potentials
Authors: Vanessa Maybeck, Robert Edgington, Alexandre Bongrain, Joseph O. Welch, Emanuel Scorsone, Philippe Bergonzo, Richard B. Jackman, Andreas Offenhäusser
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract The expansion of diamond‐based electronics in the area of biological interfacing has not been as thoroughly explored as applications in electrochemical sensing. However, the biocompatibility of diamond, large safe electrochemical window, stability, and tunable electronic properties provide opportunities to develop new devices for interfacing with electrogenic cells. Here, the fabrication of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with boron‐doped nanocrystalline diamond (BNCD) electrodes and their interfacing with cardiomyocyte‐like HL‐1 cells to detect cardiac action potentials are presented. A nonreductive means of structuring doped and undoped diamond on the same substrate is shown. The resulting BNCD electrodes show high stability under mechanical stress generated by the cells. It is shown that by fabricating the entire surface of the MEA with NCD, in patterns of conductive doped, and isolating undoped regions, signal detection may be improved up to four‐fold over BNCD electrodes passivated with traditional isolators.
An economic evaluation of rosuvastatin treatment in systolic heart failure: evidence from the CORONA trial
Authors: Paula K. Lorgelly, Andrew H. Briggs, Hans Wedel, Peter Dunselman, Åke Hjalmarson, John Kjekshus, Finn Waagstein, John Wikstrand, András Jánosi, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Vivencio Barrios, Cândida Fonseca, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Reference Values for Renal Size Obtained From MAG3 Scintigraphy
Authors: Andrew T. Taylor, Neeta Shenvi, Russell D. Folks, Ernest V. Garcia, Bital Savir Baruch, Amita Manatunga
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Purpose The purposes of this study were to establish reference values for renal size determined from 99mTc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy and to derive regression equations to predict normal limits. Methods The study population consisted of 106 subjects evaluated for kidney donation who underwent 99mTc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy. Renal length, width, and area were determined from the pixel length and area of whole-kidney regions of interest and correlated with patient sex, height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area (BSA). Reference values were obtained based on estimation of the lower and upper percentiles via quantile regression. Results The mean (SD) left and right kidney lengths was 12.2 (1.0) and 12.1 (1.0) in male and 11.9 (0.9) and 11.8 (0.9) in female patients, respectively. Sex was not a significant factor in the quantile regression models. Regression equations defining the lower and upper limits of renal length (cm) and area (cm2) are as follows: left kidney length (5th percentile), 8.2 + 1.3 × BSA; left kidney length (95th percentile), 9.1 + 2.3 × BSA; right kidney length (5th percentile), 8.8 + 1.0 × BSA; right kidney length (95th percentile), 11.1 + 1.4 × BSA; left kidney area (5th percentile), 32.5 + 9.6 × BSA; left kidney area (95th percentile), 12.6 + 31.7 × BSA; right kidney area (5th percentile), 16.1 + 18.5 × BSA; right kidney area (95th percentile), 32.6 + 22.2 × BSA. Conclusions Regression equations have been developed, which define the upper and lower limits of renal size from 99mTc-MAG3 images and may assist in the detection of unsuspected bilateral increases or decreases in renal size.
The Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: A J P M SMOUT
Journal: Gut (1999)

The Esophagogastric Junction . Edited by Guili R, Galmiche J-P, Jamieson GG, Scarpignato C. (Pp 1592; illustrated; £118.00.) John Libbey Eurotext, 1998. ISBN 2-7420-0145-X.

This is a remarkable book, based on a remarkable meeting, organised by a remarkable Frenchman. Every three years the Parisian professor of surgery Robert Guili organises a meeting of the Organisation Internationale d’Etudes Statistiques pour les maladies de l’Oesophage (OESO). He then …
Drowning accidents in childhood.
Authors: E H Smith
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Effects of Antibiotics on Oestrogen Metabolism SIR,-Ampicillin,1 phenoxymethylpenicillin,2 and neomycin3 have been shown to decrease urinary oestriol output in normal human pregnancy.We have explored this matter further by employing a new gas chromatographic method4 which enables the four known urinary oestriol conjugates to be measured separately.Six healthy mothers 33-37 weeks pregnant were given 0 5 g of ampicillin orally four tines daily on three successive days.The mean urinary oestriol output decreased to an average of 69% of the pretreatment level on the second, third, and fourth days after starting the ampicillin treatment.The results indicate that the diminished excretion of one conjugate, oestriol-3-glucuronide, accounted for approximately 90% of this decrease.Oestriol-3-glucuronide is formed in the in- testinal mucosal cells5 6 and its formation is dependent on the reabsorption of biliary oestriol in the intestinal tract.Thus ampicillin interferes with the enterohepatic circula- tion of oestrogens, impairing the synthesis of oestriol-3-glucuronide.The antibiotic probably exerts its effect by changing the composition of the intestinal microflora.It is of interest that another antibiotic, rifampicin, causes contraceptive failures when given to women taking oral contraceptives (Breuer, personal communication).Thus administra- tion of antibiotics may cause unexpected complications through their effect on oestro- gen metabolismn.-Weare, etc.,
The lacing defence: double blind study of thresholds for detecting addition of ethanol to drinks
Authors: N J Langford, T Marshall, R E Ferner
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In Britain it is a criminal offence to drive if the driver's measured ethanol concentration exceeds 35 μg per 100 ml in breath or 80 mg per 100 ml in blood. Those found guilty are disqualified from driving unless they can give a special reason why this should not happen.1 Most commonly, a defendant claims a friend has “laced” a drink by adding spirits, so that he or she has unwittingly consumed an amount of ethanol sufficient to raise the blood ethanol concentration above the limit. 2 3 Doctors are sometimes asked in court whether a defendant would have known that a drink has been laced. We conducted an experiment to discover whether volunteers were able to tell that vodka had been added to a drink.

We recruited healthy volunteers who gave …
Abstract 4446: Targeted proteasome inhibition by Velcade induces apoptosis in human mesothelioma and breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Ying Wang, Arun K. Rishi, Vineshkumar T. Puliappadamba, Sunita Sharma, Huanjie Yang, Adi Tarca, Q. Ping Dou, Fulvio Lonardo, John C. Ruckdeschel, Harvey I. Pass, Anil Wali
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Thoracic malignancies and human breast cancers (HBC) continue to be aggressive solid tumors that are poor responders to the existing chemotherapeutic approaches. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related tumor of the thoracic pleura that lacks effective treatment options. Altered ubiquitin proteasome pathway is frequently encountered in many malignancies including HBC and MPM and thus serves as an important target for therapeutic intervention strategies. Although proteasome inhibitor Velcade (Bortezomib) has been under clinical investigation for a number of cancers, limited preclinical studies with this agent have thus far been conducted in HBC and MPM malignancies. Here, we studied the role of Velcade mediated changes in cellular, morphological, and molecular patterns in five MPM (H2595, H2373, H2452, H2461, and H2714) and two HBC (MDA MB-468, SKBR-3) cell lines. Our data revealed significant reduction in cell growth properties that were dose and time dependent. Velcade treatment resulted in G2M phase arrest, increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Pretreatment of MPM cells with Velcade showed synergistic effect with cisplatin combination regimens. High-throughput gene expression profiling among Velcade treated and untreated MPM cells resulted in identification of novel transducers of apoptosis such as CARP-1, XAF1, and Troy proteins. Thus, Velcade targets cell cycle and apoptosis signaling to suppress MPM and HBC growth in part by activating novel transducers of apoptosis. This pilot study has paved way for further in-depth analysis of the downstream target molecules associated with presensitization of mesothelioma cells in finding effective therapeutic treatment options for both mesothelioma and recalcitrant breast cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4446.