tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparison of different allergometric tests, skin prick test, Pharmacia UniCAP<sup>®</sup> and ADVIA Centaur<sup>®</sup>, for diagnosis of allergic diseases in children
Authors: G. Ricci, M. Capelli, R. Miniero, G. Menna, L. Zannarini, P. Dillon, M. Masi
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: The diagnosis of allergic disease is performed by skin prick tests (SPT) or through the demonstration of specific IgE in a blood sample via an in vitro test. The measurement of IgE concentration against allergens provides critical information in clinical allergy. Standardized and reproducible methods contribute to the quality of diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. Methods: In this study we evaluated the performance of a new specific IgE method, developed by ALK‐Abellò for Bayer Diagnostics to run on their ADVIA Centaur immunoassay system. One hundred and fifty‐one children with allergic diseases (both food and inhalant allergies) were tested for specific IgE (sIgE) via SPT and in vitro tests (UniCAP system, Pharmacia, and ADVIA Centaur immunoassay system, Bayer Diagnostics) and the test results were correlated with the clinical data. Results: Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two in vitro tests compared with clinical history. The sensitivities and specificities are similar, but the UniCAP system method has higher sensitivity. In the children with cow's milk allergy, the UniCAP system has sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 70%; the ADVIA Centaur immunoassay has sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 74%. In hen's egg allergy, UniCAP system has 94% sensitivity and 64% specificity, and the ADVIA Centaur system has 88% sensitivity and 52% specificity. In inhalant allergies, the two methods show statistically similar performances for both grass pollen allergies (UniCAP sensitivity 100%, specificity 73%; ADVIA Centaur sensitivity 95%, specificity 79%) and in the dust mites allergies (UniCAP sensitivity 91%, specificity 62%; ADVIA Centaur sensitivity 86%, specificity 64%). In cat allergies, the systems showed equivalent results (UniCAP sensitivity 100%, specificity 71%; ADVIA Centaur sensitivity 100%, specificity 70%). Using the UniCAP system, the geometric mean of sIgE values in children with clinical allergy is significantly higher than in sensitized ones. The ADVIA Centaur system shows a similar trend with the exclusion of cow's milk and Dermatophagoides farinae allergens. With this last method the mean value of sIgE is higher in sensitized than in symptomatic children. Conclusion: The new ADVIA Centaur method compares favorably with the results obtained on the UniCAP system. If other studies continue to confirm this data, then the advantages are numerous: the use of only a small quantity of serum (25 µl per allergen), rapid turnaround time, minimal hands‐on time, and no interference from IgG.
Effect of whole-body x-irradiation on antigen-induced airway response in sensitized guinea pigs
Authors: Y. Liu, G. Tamura, H. Iijima, H. Taniguchi, T. Kikuchi, Y. Ohkawara, K. Shirato
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that x-irradiation inhibits the late asthmatic response (LAR) without influencing the early asthmatic response (EAR) and to examine the mechanism of the inhibitory effect. Twenty sensitized guinea pigs were irradiated at a dose of 8 Gy. The next day, one-half of the animals were injected intravenously with spleen cells (2 x 10(8)) collected from unirradiated sensitized guinea pigs, whilst the other half were injected with vehicle only. Ten additional unirradiated sensitized guinea pigs also received vehicle only. Antigen inhalation challenge took place two days later. Pulmonary resistance was measured for 6 h after antigen exposure, and bronchoalveolar lavage and lung fixation were then undertaken. The area under the percentage pulmonary resistance curve 2-6 h after allergen inhalation was used for analysis of the LAR, while the maximal percentage change in pulmonary resistance was used for analysis of the EAR. Irradiation abolished the LAR (364.4+/-49.4 versus 62.8+/-10.4) without inhibiting the EAR (229.3+/-27.2 versus 278.7+/-40.2) and significantly inhibited the accumulation of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the airways. Transfer of spleen cells restored the LAR (334.4+/-66.8) and the recruitment of cells to the levels seen in unirradiated sensitized guinea pigs. In addition, transfer of only CD4+ T-lymphocytes separated from the spleen cells restored the LAR (439.4+/-62.1) and the cell infiltration into the airways. These inhibitory effects of x-irradiation were due to decreases in numbers of CD4+ T-lymphocytes.
Alterations in Regional Pulmonary Blood Flow in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Studied by Radioisotope Scanning
Authors: WILLIAM F. FRIEDMAN, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1968)

External scintillation scanning of intravenously administered 131 I-labeled macro-aggregates of human serum albumin ( 131 I-MAA) was employed to evaluate the distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow in 61 normal subjects and in 100 patients with various congenital cardiovascular malformations. Intra-aortic administration of 131 I-MAA demonstrated that blood flow through subclavian-pulmonary artery anastomoses is directed principally to the lung on the side of the anastomosis; the relative concentration of 131 I-MAA in each lung after intravenous injection provided an index of the patency of the anastomosis or of the development of pulmonary atresia or pulmonary hypertension. In contrast to the findings in patients with a patent subclavian-pulmonary shunt, scans obtained from patients with a patent ductus arteriosus did not reveal a separation of the systemic arterial and systemic venous inflows to the lungs. The patency of superior vena caval-right pulmonary arterial anastomosis could be assessed after injection of 131 I-MAA into an upper-extremity vein. Anomalies characterized by increased pulmonary blood flow or elevated pulmonary arterial pressures, or both, increased the ratio of pulmonary blood flow in the lung apices relative to that in the dependent lung zones. Anomalies characterized by elevated pulmonary venous pressure, such as cor triatriatum and mitral regurgitation, were readily detected by demonstrating both a decrease in blood flow to the lung bases as well as an increase to the apices. Thus, in patients with known pulmonary arterial hypertension (mean pressure, &gt;30 mm Hg) the ratio of upper to lower zone blood flow was always significantly higher if the arterial hypertension was accompanied by venous hypertension. For this reason, lung scans facilitated the screening of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension for surgically correctable lesions such as cor triatriatum and mitral stenosis. The method described is technically simple, without risk, easily applicable to large numbers of patients, and provides clinically important information concerning many forms of congenital heart disease.
872 HCV-CORE PROTEIN MODULATES CYTOTOXIC T CELL RESPONSE THROUGH PD1/PD-L1 PATHWAY
Authors: S. Benito, T. Parra-Cid, J. Miquel, E. Sanz-de-Villalobos, M. Calvino, M.L. García-Buey, F. González-Mateos, A. González-Praetorius, S. Albertos, J.R. Larrubia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
To Have Been or Not to Have Been
Authors: Robert K. Harvey
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I believe that you meant to use "hypothesize," "to adopt as a hypothesis." Hypothecate means, roughly, to pawn (Oxford Universal Dictionary). William Boyd made the same error in his<i>Textbook of Pathology</i>when I was a medical student (about 1933).
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in the Coma of St. Louis Encephalitis
Authors: William Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Cerebral flow and metabolism were studied in a 44-year-old patient who was comatose due to St. Louis encephalitis. Although cerebral blood flow was normal, cerebral oxygen uptake was markedly reduced, and he had a significant reduction of arterial carbon dioxide tension.
Doctors call for softer drug laws in Australia
Authors: C Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Australian Medical Association (AMA) has sparked a national debate on Australia's drug laws after calling for the partial decriminalisation of marijuana for first offenders. The AMA's national conference in Canberra voted in support of relaxing the legal sanctions against people caught with small amounts of the drug to avoid making them criminals.

But the move prompted a storm in the federal parliament with various politicians being accused of, and admitting to, smoking it. Others questioned why the AMA, which takes such a public …
The Causation and Treatment of Spinal Curvature
Authors: N. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1897)

SPINAL CURVATURE.[ThR BRITT 645 not make its appparance in the individual before the average age of 15 years.It is congenitally and permanently absent in at least forty human beings out of every thousand.It would seem clear, as stated already, from a consideration of our historic ancestors, from the fact that this faculty rapidly fades out as we ascend into the past, that it cannot have existed in the race more than IO,ooo years at the most.It is far more unstable in the individual than older faculties, such as self-consciousness.It is never present in dreams.
Inverse Relationship Between Evolutionary Rate and Age of Mammalian Genes
Authors: M. Mar Albà, Jose Castresana
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

A large number of genes is shared by all living organisms, whereas many others are unique to some specific lineages, indicating their different times of origin. The availability of a growing number of eukaryotic genomes allows us to estimate which mammalian genes are novel genes and, approximately, when they arose. In this article, we classify human genes into four different age groups and estimate evolutionary rates in human and mouse orthologs. We show that older genes tend to evolve more slowly than newer ones; that is, proteins that arose earlier in evolution currently have a larger proportion of sites subjected to negative selection. Interestingly, this property is maintained when a fraction of the fastest-evolving genes is excluded or when only genes belonging to a given functional class are considered. One way to explain this relationship is by assuming that genes maintain their functional constraints along all their evolutionary history, but the nature of more recent evolutionary innovations is such that the functional constraints operating on them are increasingly weaker. Alternatively, our results would also be consistent with a scenario in which the functional constraints acting on a gene would not need to be constant through evolution. Instead, starting from weak functional constraints near the time of origin of a gene-as supported by mechanisms proposed for the origin of orphan genes-there would be a gradual increase in selective pressures with time, resulting in fewer accepted mutations in older versus more novel genes.
Balancing benefits and harms in health care: Ethical dimension was not discussed in theme issue
Authors: Richard E Ashcroft
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The interesting selection of papers in the BMJ on balancing harms and benefits in clinical medicine and public health all seem to make a questionable assumption. While all speak of “balancing” harms and benefits, in the arguments presented the authors assume that a purely rational judgment can be made about …
Demand for and supply of out of hours care from general practitioners in England and Scotland: observational study based on routinely collected data
Authors: C. Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the level of demand and supply of out of hours care from a nationally representative sample of general practice cooperatives. <b>Design:</b> Observational study based on routinely collected data on telephone calls, patient population data from general practices, and information about cooperatives from interviews with managers. <b>Setting:</b> 20 cooperatives in England and Scotland selected after stratification by region and by size. <b>Subjects:</b> 899 657 out of hours telephone calls over 12 months. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Numbers and age and sex specific rates of calls; variation in demand and activity in relation to characteristics of the population; timing of calls; proportion of patients consulting at home, at a primary care centre, or on the telephone; response times; hospital admission rates. <b>Results:</b> The out of hours call rate (excluding bank holidays) was 159 calls per 1000 patients/year, with rates in children aged under 5 years four times higher than for adults. Little variation occurred by day of the week or seasonally. Cooperatives in Scotland experienced higher demand than those in England. Patients living in deprived areas made 70% more calls than those in non-deprived areas, but this had little effect on the overall variation in demand. 45.4% (408 407) of calls were handled by telephone advice, 23.6% (212 550) by a home visit, and 29.8% (267 663) at a centre. Cooperatives responded to 60% of calls within 30 minutes and to 83% within one hour. Hospital admission followed 5.5% (30 743/554 179) of out of hours calls (8 admissions per 1000 patients/year). <b>Conclusions:</b> This project provides national baseline data for the planning of services and the analysis of future changes.
Modulation of bronchial epithelial cell barrier function by in vitro ozone exposure.
Authors: X Y Yu, N Takahashi, T L Croxton, E W Spannhake
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The epithelial cells lining the small, peripheral airways function as important targets for the action of inspired ozone. Loss of epithelial barrier integrity in these regions is a common element in ozone-induced airway inflammation. To investigate the direct effect of ozone on epithelial barrier function, canine bronchial epithelial (CBE) cells grown with an air interface were exposed for 3 hr to 0.2, 0.5, or 0.8 ppm ozone or to air. Mannitol flux, used as an index of paracellular permeability, increased above air controls by 461%, 774%, and 1172% at the three ozone concentrations, respectively. Transcellular electrical resistance exhibited a dose-related decrease. The immediate effect of 0.8 ppm ozone on permeability was significantly inhibited by preincubation for 48 hr in the presence of 1 ng/ml vitamin E (33%) or 1 microM vitamin A (34%). Responses to 0.5 ppm or 0.8 ppm were inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with 0.1 microM of the actin polymerizing agent phalloidin (34% and 25% inhibition, respectively). The increases in permeability induced by 0.2 and 0.5 ppm ozone were attenuated by 54% and 22%, respectively, at 18 hr after exposure, whereas that to 0.8 ppm was further enhanced by 42% at this time. The effects of ozone are modulated by the availability of antioxidants to the cells and appear to be associated with cytoskeletal dysfunction in CBE cells. The data are consistent with a loss of barrier function linked to a direct oxidative effect of ozone on individual CBE cells and indicate that the reversible or progressive nature of this effect is dose dependent.
Unconscious on a Corner...
Authors: David Hilfiker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A physician working in inner-city Washington, D.C., uses the case of Mr. W., a homeless demented patient, as the starting point for his essay on medicine's abandonment of the poor. Having stabilized Mr. W. and treated his acute condition, the hospital physicians were prepared to discharge him to the unsupervised environment of a city shelter. Hilfiker acknowledges that the needs of the poorest, most broken members of society seem overwhelming. Physicians, not knowing what to do, do nothing, and the public sector does little enough. Hilfiker identifies the "monetarization" of private medical care, the inadequacy of the public system, and the stresses and frustrations of caring for the poor as the reasons for their abandonment by the medical bureaucracy. He urges his colleagues to bring the poor into their practices, and to return to their roots as members of a "servant profession."
Should Directly Observed Therapy Be Considered for Treatment of HIV?
Authors: William C. Woodward
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis (TB) treatment counteracts noncompliance, a major factor in the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB).1 Although TB resistance has been recognized as a threat to public health, important similarities may apply to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. For instance, in pretreated patients, naturally occurring resistant TB<sup>1</sup>and HIV<sup>2</sup>have been described. Moreover, the medical logic for anti-TB treatment is analogous to that for treatment with anti-HIV medications: the drug regimen must be delivered reliably to prevent selecting for multidrug resistance and, for HIV, to prevent development of mutant viral strains. Combination antiretroviral therapy can reduce HIV viral load to undetectable levels in 80% of patients<sup>3</sup>and reduce mortality and morbidity.<sup>4</sup>However, patient compliance is key to antiretroviral success; the most powerful combinations will be of no benefit if taken erratically. In addition, noncompliance may lead to the
Abstract 3045: Dual functions of NDRG1 in cell growth and invasion
Authors: Hsiao-Fang Li, Ann-Joy Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Head neck cancer (HNC) is a top ten leading cancers in Taiwan. Since this cancer usually occurs in the middle age male, at the high peak of life responsibility, it has tremendous impact of family and society. Previously through differential display analysis, we have identified several genes associated with HNC including NDRG1 (N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1), which is over-expression in HNC. In the present study, we further investigate cellular function of this gene leads to cancer development. NDRG1 expression was modulated by shRNA and full-length plasmid transfection and the potential alterations of cellular phenotypes were examined. Results showed that NDRG1 suppressed cell growths by 14% to 55%. This phenomenon was confirmed by colony formation. However, by using wound healing assay the cell migration increased (17% ∼ 43%) and by using matrigel invasion assay the invasion increased (7 ∼ 12 folds). Both migration and invasion were significantly enhanced. These results suggest that NDRG1 plays dual functions in tumorigenesis with multiple aspects Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3045. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3045
Propranolol for Causalgia
Authors: Carol P. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Simson has recently reported (227:327, 1974) that the administration of 240 mg of propranolol hydrochloride per day in divided doses caused dramatic improvement of causalgia affecting the lower limbs. Marked subjective and objective improvement was noted in two cases within 12 and 48 hours, respectively, thus making it unnecessary for the patients to undergo sympathectomy. We have been unable to replicate the favorable effect of propranolol on causalgia in a recently treated case. Our patient was a 43-year-old veteran who was admitted to the hospital for sympathectomy to relieve severe and incapacitating causalgia in the left upper limb of six months' duration, the result of an injury to his left hand sustained in a fall. The affected hand, wrist, and forearm were painful, markedly swollen, cold, and tender to touch. On the dorsum of the lower forearm and wrist were chronic trophic ulcers. The hand and fingers
INCREASING ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS RELATED TO DETRIMENTAL CHANGES IN CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Authors: Alexandra Goncalves, Pardeep Jhund, Brian Claggett, Amil Shah, Suma Konety, Kenneth Butler, Dalane Kitzman, Wayne Rosamond, Flavio Fuchs, Scott Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Investigation of tubular handling of bicarbonate in man. A new approach utilizing stable carbon isotope fractionation.
Authors: Z H Burbea, B Luz, B Lazar, J Winaver, O S Better
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Two alternative mechanisms have been proposed for tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate: (a) H+ secretion and CO2 reabsorption and (b) direct reabsorption of HCO-3. In an attempt to differentiate between the two mechanisms, the present study utilized the natural abundance of stable carbon isotopes (13C, 12C) in the urinary total CO2. This novel methodology used mass spectrometric analysis of 13C/12C ratios in urinary total CO2 under normal conditions and during acetazolamide treatment. Blood and respiratory CO2 were analyzed to yield reference values. The results demonstrate that alkaline urine is preferentially enriched with 13C relative to the blood. It is suggested that this fractionation results from reaction out of isotopic equilibrium in which HCO-3 converts to CO2 during the reabsorption process in the distal nephron. The presence of carbonic anhydrase in the proximal nephron results in rapid isotopic exchange between CO2 and HCO-3 and keeps them in isotopic equilibrium. The ratio of urinary 13C/12C increases strikingly after acetazolamide administration and consequent inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule. Although it is possible that in the latter case high HCO-3 generates the CO2 (ampholyte effect), the isotope fractionation indicates that CO2 rather than HCO-3 is reabsorbed. In contrast, at low urinary pH and total CO2 values, the carbon isotope composition approaches that of blood CO2. This indicates rapid CO2 exchange between urine and blood, through luminal membrane highly permeable to CO2. These results could be anticipated by a mathematical model constructed to plot 13C concentration of urinary total CO2. It is concluded that the mechanism of HCO-3 reclamation in man (and, by inference, in other mammals as well) works by conversion of HCO-3 to CO2 and reabsorption of CO2.
Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology meeting 2005: CARE‐HF extension study, ESSENTIAL, CIBIS‐III, S‐ICD, ISSUE‐2, STRIDE‐2, SOFA, IMAGINE, PREAMI, SIRIUS‐II and ACTIVE
Authors: John G.F. Cleland, Alison P. Coletta, Mike Lammiman, Klaus K. Witte, Huan Loh, Mansoor Nasir, Andrew L. Clark
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Clinical Approach to Sudden Cardiac Death Syndromes
Authors: Mario Di Napoli
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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