tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Putative inhibitory effects of chrysotile, crocidolite, and amosite mineral fibers on the more complex surface membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins
Authors: Howard A. I. Newman, Yeheskel A. Saat, Ronald W. Hart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Syrian hamster embryo cells were treated with galactose oxidase, followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride at pH 7.4. The labeling patterns of galactosyl and N-acetyl galactosaminyl residues on the cell surface were altered in comparing scraped vs. unscraped and buffer vs. media-soaked cells treated with galactose oxidase. From these preliminary studies, the procedure to be used in most of the asbestos treatment studies was to treat cells in situ, in buffer with galactose oxidase, and then to label treated scraped cells with NaB3H4. After 20 hr interaction between chrysotile asbestos and Syrian hamster cell cultures, an alteration in surface labeling of glycolipids and glycoproteins was observed. Tritiated disialogangliosides (GDla) and the higher molecular weight labeled glycoproteins were significantly reduced by asbestos treatment. Similar chrysotile asbestos-treated cultures were grown in monolayers in MEM (Eagles) with 10% fetal bovine serum for 2, 24, 48, and 72 hr and then surface-labeled with galactose oxidase–. NaB3H4 in phosphate buffer. Little or no difference was observed between surface-labeled lipid or protein distribution in untreated cells and those treated with asbestos for 2 hr. Asbestos-induced polar and neutral glycolipid pattern changes were observed at 24, 48, and 72 hr. Disialo- and trisialogangliosides (the more complex gangliosides) were decreased 85%, whereas globoside GL-4 was decreased by 60% at 72 hr. An overall decrease of labeled glycoproteins was observed at 24-48 hr. By 72 hr there was a complete loss of labeled protein bands with 80,000 dalton molecular mass. Since the changes in glycoproteins and glycolipids occur only after extended exposure of the cells to asbestos, the present studies support the concept that a metabolic rather than immediate masking effect is involved. Comparisons of treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells with various asbestos fibers for 48 hr in the order of decreasing reduction in complex gangliosides were crocidolite&gt;chrysotile (intermediate)&gt;amosite. Effects of the above fibers on high molecular weight glycoproteins labeling followed the same order. The labeling pattern is reminiscent of the increased simplification of glycolipids and glycoproteins found in transformed cells. In the case of asbestos which appears to have no independent mutagenic capability, it is more likely that the membrane changes induced by asbestos serve to allow other mutagens to pass into the cell so as to act on the nuclear structure.
TCT-546 Safety and feasibility of one day discharge after endovascular revascularization of lower extremities in elderly.
Authors: Adam Janas, Piotr P. Buszman, Krzysztof P. Milewski, Eugeniusz Hrycek, Szymon Wiernek, Bartłomiej Orlik, Maciej Pruski, Buszman E. Pawel, R. Stefan Kiesz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE RÔLE OF THE PHARMACIST IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Authors: JOSEPH P. REMINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

benefited the surgeon and given the internist a better conception of digestive processes and I heir functional disturbances.The work in the physiologic chemistry öf nitrogenpurin metabolism by Çhittenden and Folin has placed modern dietetics on a scientific basis, and this, with the important discoveries relating to the metabolism of the inorganic constituents, such as those relative to acidosis, have opened up a new and hopeful chapter in scientific medicine by suggesting a probable cause and preventive measures for nephritis, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and other disturbances in nutrition. CONCLUSIÓNThe purpose and object of preventive medicine is to keep away from mankind those ills which interfere with the pursuit of happiness by crippling physical well-being.More exact knowledge of the cause and nature of disease enables the physician to prevent that damage, and there in lies the rôle of pathology and physiology in prevent¬ ive medicine.
RESISTANCE TO THE ACTION OF THE ENDOTOXINS OF ENTERIC BACILLI IN MAN 1
Authors: Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)

The somatic or "O" antigens of the gram-nega- tive, enteric bacilli represent the principal toxic and antigenic constituents of these organisms (1, 2).Injected intravenously in man in minute amounts, these antigens produce marked physiological re- actions consisting of headache, malaise, chills, fever and granulocytopenia (1).Following repeated injections, the severity of the successive reactions declines until the patient may show no reaction to the injections.In rabbits injection of these toxic somatic anti- gens produces similar effects.The decreasing severity of the reactions in the rabbits was shown to be independent of circulating antibody for the antigen injected (2).This "resistance" was also active against certain other somatic antigens which are chemically similar but immunologically distinct (3).Because this resistance is independent of the presence of homologous circulating antibody, the term "tolerance" was suggested (1).The results of further observations on the nature of this toler- ance in man are presented here. MATERIALS AND METHODSPreparation of antigens.The somatic antigens of Sal- monella typhosa and S. schottmuelleri were prepared by the technique previously described (2).The phenol ex- traction technique (4) was used to prepare the material from Shigella dysenteriae.3The stock solutions of an- tigen were prepared in distilled water and further dilu- tions made in sterile saline for injection.Methods of administration.The patients selected for study included three normal subjects (KD, GF, MB), two patients with gonorrheal infections (SW, IF) and two with asymptomatic, serological syphilis (ML, SM).
Cystic Fibrosis and Heterozygote Fitness-Reply
Authors: Benjamin Wilfond
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Heterozygote detection for research purposes is ethically more problematic than voluntary carrier testing for clinical purposes. Since nontherapeutic research will not directly benefit the research subjects, a high standard for protection from harm and for informed consent will be required from institutional review boards. Subjects would need to be informed about the potential for confusion, stigmatization, and discrimination, and steps would need to be taken to reduce the likelihood of these problems occurring.  Several hypotheses are offered to explain the high frequency of the CF gene in white populations. Dr Johnson's hypothesis is novel but unsupported by physiological data. The sweat electrolytes in heterozygotes have been studied by di Sant'Agnese and Powell. 1 They did find that mean sweat chloride levels in CF heterozygotes were 32 mmol/L compared with 17 mmol/L in controls, a statistically significant difference, with 17% of the obligate heterozygotes studied having chloride levels greater
The Difficulties and Emergencies of Obstetric Practice.
Authors: Comyns Berkeley, Victor Bonney
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood, sex, personality, power, and altruism: Factors influencing the validity of strong reciprocity
Authors: Eamonn Ferguson, Philip Corr
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract It is argued that the generality of strong reciprocity theory (SRT) is limited by the existence of anonymous spontaneous cooperation, maintained in the absence of punishment, despite free-riding. We highlight how individual differences, status, sex, and the legitimacy of non-cooperation need to be examined to increase the internal and ecological validity of SRT experiments and, ultimately, SRT's external validity.
Hypofertility With Thick Cervical Mucus: Another Mild Form of Cystic Fibrosis?
Authors: Radj Gervais
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Male infertility due to congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is frequently recognized as a mild form of cystic fibrosis (CF).<sup>1,2</sup>However, CF with primarily genital involvement may not be limited to males. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —We recently observed a 40-year-old woman with a medical history of infertility. She used oral contraceptives from 1974 to 1978. In 1975, she had electrocoagulation for ectropion. From 1981 to 1986, she had unprotected sexual intercourse but could not become pregnant. In 1986, she and her husband underwent investigations for infertility. Her husband's semen analysis was normal. Ovulation was confirmed by biphasic basal body temperature charts. Hysterosalpingogram was normal. The only consistent abnormality was found in postcoital tests. On 3 separate cycles, repetitive testing revealed tenacious mucus, which did not vary according to the time of cycle and contained no motile sperm. Testing for antisperm antibodies was
How well do questionnaires perform compared with physical examination in detecting flexural eczema? Findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two
Authors: C. Flohr, G. Weinmayr, S.K. Weiland (deceased), E. Addo-Yobo, I. Annesi-Maesano, B. Björkstén, L. Bråbäck, G. Büchele, M. Chico, P. Cooper, M. Clausen, N. El Sharif, A. Martinez Gimeno, R.S. Mathur, E. von Mutius, M. Morales Suarez-Varela, N. Pearce, V. Svabe, G.W.K. Wong, M. Yu, N.S. Zhong, H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Questionnaires are widely used in epidemiological studies to measure eczema symptom prevalence, but there are concerns regarding their accuracy if used as a diagnostic tool.To compare the performance of a validated eczema symptom questionnaire and a standardized skin examination protocol employed in the second phase of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).A total of 30,358 schoolchildren aged 8-12 years from 18 countries were examined for flexural eczema. Parents also completed an eczema symptom questionnaire. We compared prevalence estimates at the population level based on the questionnaire vs. physical examination. We also compared the skin examination and the ISAAC questionnaire in making a diagnosis of flexural eczema.The point prevalences for flexural eczema at centre level based on a single examination were lower than the questionnaire-based 12-month period prevalences (mean centre prevalence 3.9% vs. 9.4%). Correlation between prevalences of both outcome measures was high (r = 0.77, P < 0.001). At the individual level, questionnaire-derived symptoms of 'persistent flexural eczema in the past 12 months' missed < 10% of cases of flexural eczema detected on physical examination. However, between 33% and 100% of questionnaire-based symptoms of 'persistent flexural eczema in the past 12 months' were not confirmed on examination.ISAAC questionnaire-derived symptom prevalences are sufficiently precise for comparisons between populations. Where diagnostic precision at the individual level is important, questionnaires should be validated and potentially modified in those populations beforehand, or a standardized skin examination protocol should be used.
Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Betty A. Diamond, Dale E. Yelton, Matthew D. Scharff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

FOR many years antibodies have had a major role in the diagnosis of a wide variety of diseases. Radioimmunoassays and other immunologic assays are now used extensively in diagnostic laboratories to detect and quantitate drugs, bacterial and viral products, tumor antigens, and circulating immunoglobulins. However, immunologic assays have always been plagued by uncertainties that result from the unpredictability and heterogeneity of the immune response. Immunization is still more of an art than a science, and serologists have had to be satisfied with whatever quality and quantity of antibodies an immunized animal will provide.Even when apparently pure antigen is used . . .
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Feroze Momin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To review the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in bone marrow transplantation. Data Sources: English-language articles identified through a MEDLINE search (1975 to 1994) and through the bibliographies of selected articles. Study Selection: Articles on the use of antimicrobial agents for the prevention of infections in bone marrow transplant recipients and neutropenic patients with cancer. Data Synthesis: Use of quinolones reduces the incidence of gram-negative bacillary infections but increases the frequency of infections caused by streptococci and staphylococci before marrow engraftment. Death associated with α-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia is of concern and may justify the use of penicillin for prophylaxis. Conflicting data exist regarding prophylaxis with vancomycin. Although ganciclovir has diminished the incidence of infection and disease caused by cytomegalovirus in seropositive recipients, drug-induced myelotoxicity, emergence of resistant virus, and cost are major concerns. High-dose acyclovir may suppress reactivation of cytomegalovirus. Acyclovir prevents herpes simplex virus infection, but its prolonged use to prevent reactivation of varicella-zoster virus is not cost-effective and remains controversial. Fluconazole prevents colonization and infection with Candida species other than C. krusei and Torulopsis glabrata before marrow engraftment. Elevation of cyclosporine concentrations because of interaction between azoles and cyclosporine requires close monitoring of plasma drug levels. Optimal chemoprophylaxis is not available against aspergillus or fungal infections that develop after engraftment. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreases the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection and "late" bacterial infections in recipients of allogeneic transplants who have chronic graft-versus-host disease. Conclusion: Available antimicrobial agents can prevent common bacterial, viral, and "early" fungal infections. However, the few studies that address antimicrobial prophylaxis in bone marrow transplantation have not always shown a survival benefit. Toxicity and cost-effectiveness of prophylactic strategies should be critically evaluated.
Evaluation of Pulmonary Arterial End-Diastolic Pressure as an Estimate of Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure in Patients with Normal and Abnormal Left Ventricular Performance
Authors: RICHARD J. BOUCHARD, JAMES H. GAULT, JOHN ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1971)

It has been suggested that the pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure (EDP) may accurately reflect the level of left ventricular EDP, and therefore be useful in the continuous monitoring of left ventricular EDP in acutely ill patients. Accordingly, pulmonary arterial pressure was recorded simultaneously with left ventricular pressure in 24 patients with normal left ventricular function and in 26 patients with left ventricular myocardial disease and elevated EDP (range 13 to 38 mm Hg; average 22 mm Hg). In patients with normal left ventricular function, the EDPs in the left ventricle and pulmonary artery were equal (range 5 to 12 mm Hg; average 8 mm Hg; maximum difference ± 4 mm Hg). In contrast, in 20 of the patients with impaired left ventricular function, left ventricular EDP was consistently higher than pulmonary arterial EDP, exceeding the pulmonary arterial EDP by 2 to 21 mm Hg (average 8 mm Hg); in 12 of these 20 patients, the pulmonary arterial EDP was 12 mm Hg or less, the upper limit of normal for left ventricular EDP. The left ventricular diastolic pressure prior to atrial contraction correlated more closely with pulmonary arterial EDP. In six patients in whom increases in systemic arterial pressure were induced by methoxamine, and in two patients in whom spontaneous increases in systemic arterial pressure occurred, left ventricular EDP increased by 2 to 11 mm Hg (average 6 mm Hg); pulmonary arterial EDP remained unchanged or increased only slightly (less than 3 mm Hg) in six of the patients, and increased by 4 and 5 mm Hg in the two remaining patients. During increases in heart rate induced by atrial pacing, left ventricular EDP declined in 12 of 14 patients, while pulmonary arterial EDP increased, resulting in a consistent disparity in these pressures (average 11 mm Hg) at heart rates in excess of 124 beats/min. These data indicate that pulmonary arterial EDP does not provide an accurate estimate of left ventricular EDP in patients with chronic left ventricular disease, and in addition it often fails to reflect acute alterations in left ventricular EDP.
Total and Specific IgE in Serum, Bronchial Lavage and Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Asthmatic Patients
Authors: E. CRIMI, A. SCORDAMAGLIA, P. CRIMI, S. ZUPO, S. BAROCCI
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Total and specific IgE were assessed in serum, bronchial lavage (BL) and broncho‐alveolar lavage (BAL) of allergic asthmatics and healthy controls. Serum total IgE were found to be correlated with total IgE in BAL but not in BL. Total IgE/K + ratio in serum and BL was higher in asthmatics than in controls, while the total IgE/albumin ratio was significantly higher in asthmatics than in controls in serum but not in BL and BAL. The mean of specific IgE in serum and BL was significantly higher in the group of patients with positive specific bronchial provocation test (sBPT) than in the group with negative sBPT. Similar results were observed between specific IgE serum level and BL and prick tests (PT). which show that BL does not always reflect the total IgE level of serum; in asthmatics, albumin can not be used to determine the degree of dilution in the recovered fluids; as in the serum, there is agreement between specific IgE in BL and PT or sBPT results.
Public campaigns do not always work
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Campaigns aimed at encouraging the public to use health services responsibly are not always getting their message across, according to research published in the October issue of Health Which? 

The magazine asked people what they thought of some of the campaigns run by the Doctor patient partnership (Dpp), which was launched in 1996 by the Department of Health and the BMA to try to reduce demands on Gps. …
European public are unaware of heart failure symptoms
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Only 3% of nearly 8000 randomly selected people from nine European countries could identify heart failure from a description of typical symptoms. This is despite 6% of people claiming that someone in their family had had the condition, an international survey of public awareness published in the European Heart Journal online on 31 August has found (http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/, doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi447).

The lead author, Willem Remme, professor of medicine and director of the Sticares Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rhoon, in the Netherlands, described that the low awareness as “shocking” and “putting lives …
Prevention of Travelers' Diarrhea by the Tablet Formulation of Bismuth Subsalicylate
Authors: Herbert L. DuPont, Charles D. Ericsson, Philip C. Johnson, Jo Ann M. Bitsura, Margaret W. DuPont, Francisco Javier de la Cabada
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Within 48 hours of arrival in Mexico, 182 US students participated in a study to compare the efficacy of two dosages of bismuth subsalicylate (262 mg per tablet) as a prophylactic agent against diarrhea. The students were randomly assigned to receive two tablets (high dose) or one tablet (low dose) of bismuth subsalicylate four times daily or a placebo four times daily during a three-week period. Among these completing the trial, diarrhea (four or more unformed stools in 24 hours or three in eight hours, plus one other symptom) occurred in seven (14%) of 51 receiving the high-dose regimen compared with 15 (24%) of 63 receiving the low-dose regimen and 23 (40%) of 58 in the placebo group. Protection rates were 65% for high-dose and 40% for low-dose bismuth subsalicylate. Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was found in one student receiving the high-dose regimen, in no students receiving the low-dose regimen, and in seven placebo-treated subjects. Bismuth subsalicylate was well tolerated; the most common side effects were blackening of tongues and stools. Bismuth subsalicylate use in both dosages was associated with tinnitus at a low, clinically insignificant frequency of 1.2 days per 100 days of treatment. The dosage of two tablets of bismuth subsalicylate four times daily (2.1 g/d) appears to be a safe and effective means of reducing the occurrence of travelers' diarrhea among persons at risk for periods up to three weeks.
Measured bronchodilator use in preschool children with asthma
Authors: A. E Ferguson, N. A Gibson, T. C Aitchison, J. Y Paton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate how parents use bronchodilator treatment for relief of symptoms when treating their asthmatic preschool children. <b>Design</b>: A commercial electromechanical timer device was attached to a large volume spacer to record the time and date of each use of inhaled bronchodilator over two months. The recorded time and dates were compared with symptoms noted in an asthma diary card. <b>Setting</b>: Large paediatric teaching hospital in Glasgow. <b>Subjects</b>: 29 preschool children with moderately severe asthma attending a specialist paediatric asthma clinic. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Inhaler use measured by the timer device; symptoms and inhaler use recorded by parents in a daily asthma diary. <b>Results</b>: Satisfactory data were obtained in 22 of the 29 children; the median number of study days was 53 (range 18-77). Asthmatic symptoms were recorded on a median of 30 (3–77) days. Bronchodilator was used on a median of 19 (2–73) days, or on 63% (7-100%) of days when symptoms occurred. The median number of puffs used in a day was 1 (range 0-100) and was significantly related to symptom severity in only 14 of the 22 children. In only two of the 22 children was bronchodilator given more frequently than four hourly, and only five children ever used more than 12 puffs a day. <b>Conclusions</b>: The frequency of parental administration of bronchodilator treatment was variable and not closely related to the parent9s record of symptom severity. Parents often recorded symptoms in their children but did not treat them. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Bronchodilators, if given, tend to be administered at the same time as prophylactic inhaled drugs The role of bronchodilator treatment in relieving the child9s symptoms and guidelines about appropriate use must be emphasised to parents