tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Policies and postures in smoking control.
Authors: L Marks
Journal: BMJ (1982)

It is also a responsibility of the society to create, by legislation and other activities, such a social climate that encourages health promoting rather than health impairing conditions."VALFRID PAULSSON, chairman, Swedish National Smoking and Health Association.The importance of creating a social environment which dis- courages the use of tobacco has been emphasised by a wide range of national and international health and other associa- tions.'-4Recommended measures include prohibiting all tobacco promotion, adopting effective health warnings, protecting the non-smoker, controlling appropriate emission products of cigarettes, increasing prices, controlling sales outlets, and banning sales to the young.Clearly a wide-and in some cases widening-gap exists between such recommendations and their translation into policy.This paper reviews measures adopted for the control of smoking in 15 nations in the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD) and updates earlier re- views.2 5 It forms part of a wider study both of the processes of policy formation and of the complex relations between policy measures and changing trends in consumption.The following countries were chosen on the basis of economic comparability with the UK-that is, a gross national product of at least $5000 per head in 1978: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Den- mark, Finland, France, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, USA, and West Germany. (Switzerland, Iceland, and Luxemburg were excluded because satisfactory data were not available.)None of these countries lacks anti-smoking measures.The range is wide, however.At one extreme is extensive legislation consistently and strictly enforced; at the other are voluntary agreements with the tobacco industry, restricted in scope and feebly implemented.In between lies a medley of fragmented legislative action, voluntary codes of agreement, local regulations, and the activities of government and non-government organisations and health education groups, each country evolving its own blend.Simple categorisation of countries in terms of the strength of their policies and regulatory measures is therefore less than straightforward.This paper focuses on legal and other constraints on the smoking and promotion of tobacco.A comprehensive, health-orientated tobacco policy would include other measures such as the control of tobacco production and processing and health education.
Update on Syphilis
Authors: Matthew R. Golden, Christina M. Marra, King K. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Missouri passes antiabortion law
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Missouri state legislature has passed a far reaching antiabortion law, which abortion rights campaigners claim is the most restrictive in the past 25 years. The Infant's Protection Act was passed last month, despite the opposition and attempted veto of Missouri's Democratic governor, Mel Carnahan.

The new law, sponsored by right to life legislators, defines as infanticide any act causing the death of a fetus when it is outside or partly outside the womb, and makes that act a felony.

It makes illegal what is known in the United States as partial birth abortion, which is second or third trimester abortion carried out by dilatation and extraction. …
Thyrotropin-Receptor Mutations and Thyroid Dysfunction
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

This issue of the Journal contains two reports that describe patients with thyroid dysfunction caused by mutations of the thyrotropin-receptor gene. Kopp et al. describe a child in whom a gain-of-function mutation led to continuous (constitutive) activation of the receptor and hyperthyroidism.1 Sunthornthepvarakul et al. describe three sisters in whom loss-of-function mutations led to resistance to the action of thyrotropin and subclinical hypothyroidism.2 Both groups of investigators not only identified the mutations but also studied the functional activity of the abnormal gene products to document the consequences of the mutations. These studies shed new light on how thyrotropin stimulates thyroid . . .
Mischief of Free Tc-99m in DTPA Renal Study
Authors: TERUHITO MOCHIZUKI, NINA W. FABISZEWSKI, AJIT N. SHAH, W NEWLON TAUXE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Due to free Tc-99m pertechnetate, part of the gastric mucosa activity overlaped the upper pole of the left kidney on Tc-99m DTPA renal imaging. The findings could be confused with partial renal obstruction. This case illustrates a pitfall in renal diagnosis using Tc-99m compounds.
Edward Stuart Mucklow
Authors: S. Mucklow
Journal: BMJ (2011)

P fimbriae are proteinaceous appendages on the surface of <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria that mediate adherence to uroepithelial cells. <i>E. coli</i> that express P fimbriae account for the majority of ascending urinary tract infections in women with normal urinary tracts. The hypothesis that P fimbriae on uropathic <i>E. coli</i> attach to renal epithelia and may regulate the immune response to establish infection was investigated. The polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), produced by renal epithelia, transports IgA into the urinary space. Kidney pIgR and urine IgA levels were analyzed in a mouse model of ascending pyelonephritis, using <i>E. coli</i> with (P+) and without (P−) P fimbriae, to determine whether P(+) <i>E. coli</i> regulate epithelial pIgR expression and IgA transport into the urine. (P+) <i>E. coli</i> establish infection and persist to a greater amount than P(−) <i>E. coli</i>. P(+)-infected mice downregulate pIgR mRNA and protein levels compared with P(−)-infected or PBS controls at ≥48 h. The decrease in pIgR was associated with decreased urinary IgA levels in the P(+)-infected group at 48 h. pIgR mRNA and protein also decline in P(+) <i>E. coli</i>–infected LPS-hyporesponsive mice. These studies identify a novel virulence mechanism of <i>E. coli</i> that express P fimbriae. It is proposed that P fimbriae decrease pIgR expression in the kidney and consequently decrease IgA transport into the urinary space. This may explain, in part, how <i>E. coli</i> that bear P fimbriae exploit the immune system of human hosts to establish ascending pyelonephritis.
Regional diagnosis in patients with unstable and stable angina pectoris: Nicorandil stress myocardial contrast echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Takanori Yasu, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, Hiroshi Wada, Hiroyuki Kotsuka, Takaeshi Ishida, Yoshiaki Tsukamoto, Nobuhiko Kobayashi, Yuhki Hayakawa, Norifumi Kubo, Mikihisa Fujii, Osamu Tanaka, Msanobu Kawakami, Muneyasu Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A cytochemical marker for epidermal differentiation, Langerhans cells, skin resident macrophages and mitochondria
Authors: L. DUBERTRET, J. BRETON-GORIUS, M. FOSSE, R. TOURAINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article A cytochemical marker for epidermal differentiation, Langerhans cells, skin resident macrophages and mitochondria Get access L. DUBERTRET, L. DUBERTRET Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Inflammation cutanée, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France L. Dubertret, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. BRETON‐GORIUS, J. BRETON‐GORIUS Unité de Recherches sur les Anémies, INSERM U 91, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. FOSSE, M. FOSSE Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Inflammation cutanée, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. TOURAINE R. TOURAINE Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Inflammation cutanée, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue s23, 1 November 1982, Pages 96–100, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb01039.x Published: 01 November 1982
Abstract SY36-02: Autophagy in cell death and cancer
Authors: Kevin Ryan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a catabolic membrane-trafficking process that serves to deliver cytoplasmic constituents to lysosomes for degradation. The process functions in the majority, if not all, cells as a means to turnover damaged proteins and organelles. Autophagy therefore functions as a cellular homeostatic mechanism which when perturbed leads to accumulation of misfolded proteins and non-functional organelles and loss of cellular integrity. The levels and cargoes of autophagy can respond to various extracellular and intracellular cues to bring about selective and sometimes contrasting effects. For example, in relation to cell death, autophagy has, depending on context, been reported to have both positive and negative effects on cell viability. Due the multiple roles of autophagy in regulating cellular homeostasis, it is not a surprise that changes in autophagy can have effects on tumour development. It is not yet clear, however, when autophagy is tumour-promoting or tumour-suppressive in any given context. We have therefore been addressing this issue by studying the role of autophagy at different stages of tumour development in vivo. Data from these studies will be presented alongside our in vitro studies to understand the role of autophagy in tumour suppression. Work in our laboratory is supported by Cancer Research UK and The Association for International Cancer Research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY36-02. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY36-02
First Cut, Then Blend: An Electrocautery Technique Affecting Bleeding at Sphincterotomy
Authors: A. Gorelick, M. Cannon, J. Barnett, W. Chey, J. Scheiman, G. Elta
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

The use of pure cut electrocautery current for endoscopic sphincterotomy lowers pancreatitis rates following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), but at the expense of greater localized bleeding which partially obscures the endoscopic view. We hypothesized that localized bleeding could be decreased by using blended current at the end of the sphincterotomy, without losing the benefit associated with pure cut current of lower post-ERCP pancreatitis benefit.Patients undergoing sphincterotomy were randomly allocated to receive pure cut current alone or a sequential combination of pure cut then blended current. In the sequential combination patients, the first 75 - 80 % of the sphincterotomy was done using pure cut current at 30 W and the remainder completed at a blend 2 setting (pure cut plus coagulation current), also at 30 W.142 patients were enrolled in the study. No statistical difference was noted between the two groups in the rates of overall pancreatitis or bleeding requiring transfusion. When comparing visible bleeding rates (more than a few drops), we found that there was significantly more bleeding (P < 0.05) in the pure cut group (31/75, 41 %) at the time of sphincterotomy compared with the sequential combination group (16/67, 23 %).A sequential combination of pure cut and blended current for sphincterotomy caused less visible bleeding than pure cut alone. This occurred without a change in the rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
The in vitro serum protein-binding characteristics of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its principal metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Authors: W C Griffiths, P D Camara, A Saritelli, J Gentile
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

The metabolism and toxicity of the ubiquitous plasticizer, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and its principal metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), have been extensively investigated. In an attempt to understand their disposition in man, we studied the in vitro serum protein-binding characteristics of these compounds, using ultracentrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis. The association of DEHP and lipoproteins was shown to be highly dependent upon, and proportional to, the lipid concentration of the serum. It appears that more than half of the serum DEHP is bound to proteins with density greater than 1.21 g/mL when the concentration of cholesterol is below 300 mg/dL or the cholesterol and triglyceride total concentration is less than 600 mg/dL. As the cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increase, the percent DEHP bound to VLDL, IDL, and LDL increases. MEHP is bound principally to nonlipoprotein constituents in the serum, and this binding distribution is unaffected by lipid concentration. The percent binding of DEHP and MEHP to individual proteins was also found to be unaffected by their concentrations in serum. These data indicate that the protein-binding characteristics of these compounds, in vitro, is somewhat more complex than previously reported.
The results of exfoliative cytology studies in 50 patients with symptoms of large bowel disorder
Authors: J. I. Burn, R. A. Sellwood
Journal: Gut (1962)

The results of exfoliative cytology studies in 50 patients with symptoms of large bowel disorder are analysed. Certain cases are described in detail. Of 23 patients with cancer, a positive cytological result was obtained in nineteen. One false positive result was recorded.Suggestions are made as to the usefulness of this investigative technique, and mention is made of the increased degree of accuracy obtained when a membrane filter is used to concentrate the cellular deposit.
Intranasal Beclomethasone Reduces Allergen-induced Symptoms and Superficial Mucosal Eosinophilia without Affecting Submucosal Inflammation
Authors: FUAD M. BAROODY, PHILLIP ROUADI, PETER V. DRISCOLL, BRUCE S. BOCHNER, ROBERT M. NACLERIO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Previous investigations have suggested that nasal secretions, obtained by lavage or scraping, and the nasal submucosa, sampled by biopsy, are two distinct compartments. We investigated the effect of intranasal corticosteroids on antigen-induced eosinophil influx into both compartments. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 15 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Beclomethasone dipropionate, 84 μ g twice a day, was delivered to one nostril while the other nostril received placebo for 1 wk. Subjects were then challenged with grass or ragweed extracts on each inferior turbinate. Nasal scrapings from both inferior turbinates were obtained before and 24 h after challenge, and bilateral inferior turbinate biopsies were obtained 24 h after challenge, with the subjects still receiving treatment. Intranasal steroids led to a significant reduction in sneezes and eosinophil influx in nasal secretions without affecting the number of eosinophils in the submucosa. Furthermore, intranasal steroids had no effect on the numbers of submucosal EG2+ (activated eosinophils) or CD25+ (IL-2-receptor-bearing) cells, nor did they decrease the endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). These data show that pretreatment with intranasal steroids successfully inhibited the clinical response to allergen and reduced eosinophils in the superficial compartment of the nasal mucosa, but it had no effect on inflammation in the deeper compartment. This might be related to a different distribution of the active medication and antigen into the nasal mucosa or to a specific effect of the active medication on the epithelium resulting in inhibited migration of eosinophils across this layer.
Randomized Clinical Trials in Heart Disease
Authors: Mark W. Ketterer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Yusuf and colleagues<sup>1,2</sup>have done cardiac care a great service by summarizing the relative effectiveness of various therapeutic modalities using primitive meta-analytic techniques. However, their summary of various treatments fails to mention the studies done on lessening chronic negative emotion (psychosocial/emotional stress). The mechanisms that relate various subtypes of psychosocial/emotional stress to the onset and progression of coronary artery and heart disease are becoming increasingly clear. Considering physiological events that might be causal in coronary heart disease, there is evidence of increased occlusion in patients who report or display chronic anger; diminished perfusion or malignant electrocardiographic abnormalities (presumptively attributable to vasospasm) in individuals who are exposed to emotion-inducing stimuli; increases in various lipid subfractions in response to fear; and enhanced mortality in patients who display syndromes (eg, type A behavior or anxiety disorders) that are characterized by arousal of chronic negative emotion.<sup>3</sup> While several
Mouthguards for Rugby football players
Authors: John H. Clegg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

Further to the articles in the June issue of the British Journal of Sports Medicine, I have been designing, constructing and fitting mouthguards for the majority of rugby league football players and rugby union football players in the Merseyside and Lancashire area for the past 17 years and I can confirm that I have never seen mouth injuries when an individually-made protector has been constructed and fitted by a dental surgeon.
Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome in an HIV-Infected Patient Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids (Fluticasone Propionate) and Low Dose Ritonavir Enhanced PI Containing Regimen
Authors: P. Clevenbergh, M. Corcostegui, D. Gérard, S. Hieronimus, V. Mondain, R.M. Chichmanian, J.L. Sadoul, P. Dellamonica
Journal: Journal of Infection (2002)
Translating New Medical Therapies Into Societal Benefit
Authors: Christopher M. Booth, William J. Mackillop
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NON-DIPPING STATUS IS ACCOMPANIED BY HYPOADIPONECTINEMIA AND INCREASED AORTIC STIFFNESS IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: E. Andrikou, K. Tsioufis, K. Dimitriadis, D. Syrseloudis, A. Kordalis, T. Papaioannou, A. Mazaraki, D. Soulis, C. Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Von Gierke's Disease Associated with Amylorrhoea
Authors: A. E. Naish, T. E. Gumpert
Journal: BMJ (1936)

series is two out of forty-two, or 4.7 per cent.Nineteen cases-that is, 42.2 per cent.-had a morbid puerperium.In sixteen cases the lower segment operation was per- formed, and of these seven, or 43.7 per cent., had a morbid puerperium.No attempt has been made to follow up the subsequent obstetric history of these cases as a whole, but I have performed a subsequent Caesarean section on three of the patients-namely, V 2, VI 3, and the patient with the rigid cervix referred to in I.It is interesting to note that the first of these became pregnant again after nine months, and the other two after five months, suggesting that the infection had not been a very serious one.In the case of V 2 there was an adhesion between the omentum and uterus, but none to the abdomninal wall or elsewhere.In the other two cases there were numerous adhesions.
Prenatal Insecticide Exposures and Birth Weight and Length among an Urban Minority Cohort
Authors: Robin M. Whyatt, Virginia Rauh, Dana B. Barr, David E. Camann, Howard F. Andrews, Robin Garfinkel, Lori A. Hoepner, Diurka Diaz, Jessica Dietrich, Andria Reyes, Deliang Tang, Patrick L. Kinney, Frederica P. Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

We reported previously that insecticide exposures were widespread among minority women in New York City during pregnancy and that levels of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos in umbilical cord plasma were inversely associated with birth weight and length. Here we expand analyses to include additional insecticides (the organophosphate diazinon and the carbamate propoxur), a larger sample size (n = 314 mother-newborn pairs), and insecticide measurements in maternal personal air during pregnancy as well as in umbilical cord plasma at delivery. Controlling for potential confounders, we found no association between maternal personal air insecticide levels and birth weight, length, or head circumference. For each log unit increase in cord plasma chlorpyrifos levels, birth weight decreased by 42.6 g [95% confidence interval (CI), -81.8 to -3.8, p = 0.03] and birth length decreased by 0.24 cm (95% CI, -0.47 to -0.01, p = 0.04). Combined measures of (ln)cord plasma chlorpyrifos and diazinon (adjusted for relative potency) were also inversely associated with birth weight and length (p < 0.05). Birth weight averaged 186.3 g less (95% CI, -375.2 to -45.5) among newborns with the highest compared with lowest 26% of exposure levels (p = 0.01). Further, the associations between birth weight and length and cord plasma chlorpyrifos and diazinon were highly significant (p < or = 0.007) among newborns born before the 2000-2001 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory actions to phase out residential use of these insecticides. Among newborns born after January 2001, exposure levels were substantially lower, and no association with fetal growth was apparent (p > 0.8). The propoxur metabolite 2-isopropoxyphenol in cord plasma was inversely associated with birth length, a finding of borderline significance (p = 0.05) after controlling for chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Results indicate that prenatal chlorpyrifos exposures have impaired fetal growth among this minority cohort and that diazinon exposures may have contributed to the effects. Findings support recent regulatory action to phase out residential uses of the insecticides.