tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of common genetic disorders.
Authors: M. D. Crawfurd
Journal: BMJ (1988)

that monocular occlusion helps to establish a fixed reference eye, which in turn leads on to improved reading.These authors discuss subtle eye movements and not difficulties in visual acuity, though these do occur and should be treated.Stein, Riddell, and Fowler used both the Dunlop test and a more complex synoptophore vergence test on 44 dyslexic children and 24 normal readers and found that two thirds of the dyslexic children were unable to make proper vergence movements when tracking small targets but were nearer to normal performance with larger targets.'In other studies they reported that poor readers without fixed reference eyes developed them after wearing an eye patch, with subsequent improvement in their reading.9Bishop reviewed the Stein and Fowler studies together with related work and concluded that many normal readers also have unfixed reference eyes as measured by the Dunlop test.9Performance on this test is strongly related to both chronological age and to mental age and so without controlling for these factors one cannot draw conclusions about causality.The findings on monocular occlusion are interesting, but a reanalysis of the data showed that the differences between treated and untreated groups dis- appeared and were no longer significant.9So where does this leave parents and general practitioners?Clearly the child with important reading difficulties will have to be referred for further investigations, but the doctor should provide a detailed history of the child's language development together with information on any history of language, reading, or spelling difficulties in other family members.Although they are not common causes of reading difficulties, it is always worth checking visual acuity and hearing.Children should be referred to educational or clinical pyschologists requesting a full psychometric assessment of intelligence, reading, and spelling.Parents should be encouraged to discuss the child's progress with teachers, but when this has already been tried without resolving the parents' concern the general practitioner or paediatrician should consider requesting the local education authority to undertake a full assessment under Section 5 of the 1981 Education Act.Far from "interfering" in the prerogative of educators the act lays a duty on NHS staff to draw to the attention of the local education authority any child whom they suspect of having "special educational needs."However the battles over dyslexia are resolved, one thing is certain- children who have major difficulties in reading and spelling certainly have "special educational needs.
Influence of interferon on tumor blood flow and tumor uptake of Tc-99m labeled MEM136
Authors: J Li, D A Merton, R Duggaraju, M L Thakur
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Dept. of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine. Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107. This work was supported by DOEFG02-92 ER61485.
Austerity in Greece not only kills but also curtails births and marriages
Authors: G. Michas, S. Papadopoulos, R. Micha
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Although the tremendous toll that austerity has had on the health of the Greek population has received considerable attention,1 2 its effects on births and marriages have been largely overlooked. A recent study that encompassed 14 European countries showed that recession induced postponement and recuperation of fertility over the course of 35 years.3 Furthermore, the positive correlation between births and marriages …
Quantification of microvascular changes in the skin in patients with psoriasis
Authors: S. P. BARTON, M. S. ABDULLAH, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Summary It has been suggested that there is a widespread abnormality of the capillaries in the skin of patients with psoriasis. This study was carried out to obtain more evidence on this point. Lesions of 20 patients with typical psoriasis, and uninvolved skin 3 cm from these lesions, were biopsied and compared with biopsies from 10 normal healthy control subjects. The dermal microvasculature was quantified in all these biopsies with regard to endothelial and luminal volume relative to the volume of dermal components of skin using stereological point counting methods utilizing the Delesse principle. The values for endothelial volume in specimens taken from the centre of the lesions did not differ significantly from those taken from the margins (33.6 × 10−3 and 35.8 × 10−3, respectively). The same was true for the luminal volume from the two sites (9.1 × 10−3 and 10.0 × 10−3, respectively). There was a highly significant difference, however, between the value for endothelial volume in biopsies from psoriatic patients compared to controls (P < 0.001) and specimens from uninvolved psoriatic skin also showed a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) from involved areas. There was no significant difference between uninvolved areas in psoriasis patients and control specimens. Significant differences were also found between values for control subjects and those for both involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin for luminal volume (P < 0.001). The number of capillary profiles counted in each group produced a similar rank ordering to the other parameters examined, i.e. psoriasis psoriatic uninvolved normal. It was concluded that vascular mass and vessel dilatation was greatly increased in psoriatic lesions and to a lesser extent in the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients, and it is believed that this helps confirm that the abnormality to the microvasculature in the skin of patients with psoriasis is not confined to the lesion.
Human Papillomavirus DNA and p53 Polymorphisms in Squamous Cell Carcinomas From Fanconi Anemia Patients
Authors: D. I. Kutler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Fanconi anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital malformations, bone marrow failure, and the development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and other cancers. Recent clinicopathologic evidence has raised the possibility that an environmental factor such as human papillomavirus (HPV) may be involved in the pathogenesis of SCCs in Fanconi anemia patients. Given the high prevalence of p53 mutations in SCCs among the general population and the lack of p53 mutations in HPV-related carcinogenesis, we evaluated the role of HPV and p53 mutations and polymorphisms in SCC from Fanconi anemia patients. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening and real-time PCR to detect and quantify HPV DNA in DNA extracted from microdissected SCCs obtained from 24 Fanconi anemia patients (n = 25 SCCs; case subjects) and 50 age-, sex-, and tumor site-matched SCC patients without Fanconi anemia (n = 50 SCCs; control subjects). We PCR-amplified and sequenced exons 4-9 of the p53 gene from SCC DNA. We detected HPV DNA in 84% of the SCC specimens from the case subjects and in 36% of the SCC specimens from the control subjects (P<.001). The prevalence of p53 mutations in SCCs from the case subjects (0%, 0/25) was statistically significantly lower than that of SCCs from the control subjects (36%, 12/33; P<.001). A greater proportion of patients with Fanconi anemia and SCC were homozygous for Arg72, a p53 polymorphism that may be associated with increased risk for HPV-associated human malignancies, than an ethnically-matched cohort of Fanconi anemia patients without SCC (75% versus 51%; P =.05). These data suggest that Fanconi anemia is associated with increased susceptibility to HPV-induced carcinogenesis.
Venous syndromes and pulmonary embolism in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: D D Gladman, M B Urowitz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) and pulmonary emboli (PE) have been uncommonly reported manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This may be partly due to their being masked by other more familiar lesions of the lungs and extremities in SLE. We have identified 17 patients with SLE from a population of 180 being followed up prospectively who had 21 attacks of DVT and/or PE. Of the total of 21 episodes the SLE was considered to be active in 14, inactive in 6, and variable in a patient with recurring phlebitis. The incidence of hyperlipidaemia, smoking history, and use of birth control medication or corticosteroids was not higher in these patients. These clinical findings thus constitute additional features of SLE occurring in about 9% of patients and may be significance for morbidity and mortality.
Serum cytokeratin-18 fragment level: A noninvasive biomarker for not only nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, but also alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Xiaohua Li, Ying Zhang, Kaichun Wu, Daiming Fan
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We read with great interest the article by Feldstein et al. reporting the potential usefulness of cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) fragment as a noninvasive serum biomarker for diagnosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.1 We would like to draw attention to similar studies on serum CK-18 fragment in the differentiation of alcoholic steatohepatitis from healthy controls with no liver disease. Cytokeratins (CKs) are normal constituents of the epithelial cell cytoskeleton.2 Serum CK-18 level is a clinical tool useful as a tumor marker in epithelial malignancies.3 However, serum CK-18 level has also been found to increase in nonmalignant diseases, such as alcoholic hepatitis, which limits its specificity as a tumor marker.4-6 Thus, CK-18 fragment level may be a noninvasive biomarker for early detection of alcoholic steatohepatitis. We tested the serum CK-18 fragment levels in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (50), hepatocellular carcinoma (50), heavy drinkers (50), and healthy controls (50). Our results showed that serum levels of CK-18 fragment in patients with alcoholic hepatitis were higher than those of healthy controls and heavy drinkers, and even tended to be higher than those of patients with malignancy. Serum CK-18 fragment levels were median 27 U/L (range = 11-72 U/L) in controls with no liver disease, median 759 U/L (range = 152-4739 U/L) in heavy drinkers, median 1598 U/L (range = 531-4237 U/L) in patients with alcoholic hepatitis, and median 449 U/L (range = 21-17,326 U/L) in those with hepatocellular carcinoma (P < 0.001 for alcoholic hepatitis versus healthy controls). However, serum CK-18 fragment levels in heavy drinkers were similar or even higher than those observed in patients with advanced malignancy, which is further evidence for the belief that the diagnostic value of serum CK-18 fragment as a tumor marker is limited by those heavy drinkers. Our results are very similar to Prof. Fayetteville's previous report. In summary, our data highlight three points. First, we show that serum CK-18 fragment is a better noninvasive biomarker for alcoholic steatohepatitis, and is not only limited to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Second, the sample size is not large enough and this did not allow us to establish the performance of CK-18 fragment according to the etiology of underlying liver disease. Third, considering that the genotypes of different geographic or ethnic groups may have a significant impact on the serum CK-18 fragment levels, more multicenter cohorts of validation are still needed before this marker can be applied clinically. Xiaohua Li Ph.D., M.D.*, Ying Zhang Ph.D. , Kaichun Wu Ph.D., M.D.*, Daiming Fan Ph.D., M.D.*, * Xijing Hospital of Digestive Disease, Xi'an, China, Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China.
Antibiotics for Both Moderate and Severe Cholera
Authors: Eric J. Nelson, Danielle S. Nelson, Mohammed A. Salam, David A. Sack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak has pressed local and international experts into rapid action against a disease that is new to many health care providers in Haiti. The World Health Organization (WHO) has time-tested management protocols for emerging cholera outbreaks. These protocols have been used by the Haitian government to fight an epidemic that is merely one of several recent tragedies in Haiti. The use of these protocols has allowed for a high standard of care in this complex and evolving medical landscape. But whereas the current WHO cholera-treatment protocol (www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/index.html) recommends antibiotics for only severe cases, the approach of . . .
Pleasuring Enhanced by Suggestive Therapy for Frigidity
Authors: Jeannie Porter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1978)

A comprehensive program derived from clinical experience combines positive suggestive therapy with the widely used pleasuring techniques of Masters and Johnson in treating lack of arousal in women. Complete steps for two hypnotic inductions per session incorporate the use of: (a) an integration of Hartland's ego-strengthening suggestions with Stanton's formulation of rational-emotive therapy in suggestion form; (b) 'success imagery' in being warm, spontaneous and responsive; (c) Wolberg' s suggestions paraphrased to remove limiting and inhibiting influences; (d) the author's 'direct positive suggestions' to reawaken sensation and awareness; (e) instruction for seven 'sensation awareness exercises' adapted from Copelan, and (f) instruction in daily use of self-hypnosis to reinforce success imagery and release tension-related inhibiting influences. Progression is made from therapy focussed on the woman only to a 'mutual pleasuring program' involving her partner within 3–6 sessions. Prior to mutual pleasuring instruction is given in masturbation in accordance with the Masters and Johnson procedure. The value of self-awareness thus gained is indicated, but actual practice is left optional. Follow-up is maintained at treatment termination by telephone contact until both partners report satisfaction in the relationship.
Iron-Containing Vitamin Preparations
Authors: A. H. Macgregor
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The EDITORIAL entitled Hazards of Children's Vitamin Preparations Containing Iron (229:324, 1974) contained what we believe to be serious inaccuracies.  The editorial's statements that   and vitamin  containing iron are the fourth most common cause of poisoning in  under 5 years of age and that mortality from acute iron poisoning has been reported to be approximately 50% in these young children appear in sharp contrast to our analysis of the data published by the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers, covering the year 1973.  The Clearinghouse data that involve  containing iron at lower levels,  containing other minerals, and  containing only vitamins are lumped under the heading vitamins, minerals. Children's dietary supplements, such as those marketed by us, of course, fall into this latter category.  The Clearinghouse data show 450 reported ingestions of  preparations by  under 5 and a total of
Characterization of the human multidrug resistance protein isoform MRP3 localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane
Authors: Jörg König, Daniel Rost, Yunhai Cui, Dietrich Keppler
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Several members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family are expressed in the liver. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronoside conjugates across the hepatocyte canalicular membrane is mediated by the apical MRP isoform, MRP2 (APMRP), also known as canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). We have cloned an additional MRP isoform, MRP3, from human liver and localized it to the basolateral membrane domain of hepatocytes. Basolateral MRP (BLMRP) is composed of 1,527 amino acids and encoded by 4,581 base pairs of complementary DNA. Northern blotting of various human tissues indicated an expression of MRP3 in the liver, colon, pancreas, and, at a lower level, in the kidney. The amino acid identity of MRP3 with MRP1 and MRP2 is 58% and 48%, respectively. These three isoforms, encoded by genes on different chromosomes, have a similar predicted topology of transmembrane segments and ATP–binding domains. Antibodies raised against two peptide sequences of MRP3 that are not shared by other MRP family members detected recombinant MRP3 expressed in polarized MDCK cells. Both antibodies served to localize MRP3 to the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes. Double–label immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that MRP3 was not detectable in the canalicular membrane domain. A particularly strong expression of the MRP3 protein was observed in the basolateral hepatocyte membrane of two patients with Dubin–Johnson syndrome who are deficient in MRP2. These results indicate that the basolateral MRP isoform, MRP3, may be upregulated when the canalicular secretion of anionic conjugates by MRP2 is impaired
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibition as a Human Model of Orthostatic Intolerance
Authors: Christoph Schroeder, Jens Tank, Michael Boschmann, Andre Diedrich, Arya M. Sharma, Italo Biaggioni, Friedrich C. Luft, Jens Jordan
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Observations in patients with functional mutations of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene suggest that impaired norepinephrine uptake may contribute to idiopathic orthostatic intolerance. Methods and Results — We studied the effect of the selective NET blocker reboxetine and placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion on cardiovascular responses to cold pressor testing, handgrip testing, and a graded head-up tilt test (HUT) in 18 healthy subjects. In a subset, we determined isoproterenol and phenylephrine sensitivities. Subjects ingested 8 mg reboxetine or placebo 12 hours and 1 hour before testing. In the supine position, heart rate was 65±2 bpm with placebo and 71±3 bpm with reboxetine. At 75° HUT, heart rate was 84±3 and 119±4 bpm with placebo and with reboxetine ( P &lt;0.0001). Mean arterial pressure was 85±2 with placebo and 91±2 mm Hg with reboxetine while supine ( P &lt;0.01) and 88±2 mm Hg and 90±3 mm Hg at 75° HUT. Blood pressure responses to cold pressor and handgrip testing were attenuated with reboxetine. Reboxetine increased the sensitivity to the chronotropic effect of isoproterenol and the pressor effect of phenylephrine. Vasovagal reactions occurred in 9 subjects on placebo and in 1 subject on reboxetine. Conclusions — Selective NET blockade creates a phenotype that resembles idiopathic orthostatic intolerance. This observation supports the hypothesis that disordered norepinephrine uptake mechanisms can contribute to human cardiovascular disease. Our study also suggests that NET inhibition might be useful in preventing vasovagal reactions.
Where respect for autonomy is not the answer.
Authors: R Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In a series of preceding articles on medical ethics, Gillon emphasized the centrality of the principle of respect for autonomy. Here he outlines several types of circumstances in which medical paternalism is morally justified based on the Hippocratic principles of medical beneficence and non-maleficence. The most obvious examples are circumstances of considerably impaired "autonomy of thought," as in the case of young children or severely mentally handicapped persons. Impairment of "autonomy of action," as in physical handicap, does not justify overriding respect for autonomy. Paternalism may be justified by gross impairment of "volitional autonomy," caused either by intrinsic factors such as severe depression or by extrinsic factors such as duress. There is need for a dialogue between the medical profession and society to decide on criteria for determining competence and for establishing who is to make proxy decisions for incompetent patients.
Functional Interaction of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells with Multiple Myeloma Cells: A Therapeutic Target
Authors: Dharminder Chauhan, Ajita V. Singh, Mohan Brahmandam, Ruben Carrasco, Madhavi Bandi, Teru Hideshima, Giada Bianchi, Klaus Podar, Yu-Tzu Tai, Constantine Mitsiades, Noopur Raje, David L. Jaye, Shaji K. Kumar, Paul Richardson, Nikhil Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Phase I/II study of 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine with cyclophosphamide in patients with pretreated B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: E Van Den Neste, I Louviaux, JL Michaux, A Delannoy, L Michaux, A Sonet, A Bosly, C Doyen, P Mineur, M André, N Straetmans, E Coche, C Venet, T Duprez, A Ferrant
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Leather Bottle Stomach
Authors: Elisabeth Hyde
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Ad Libitum15 February 2011Leather Bottle StomachElisabeth HydeElisabeth HydeFrom Hershey, PA 17033.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-4-201102150-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail When I learned your diagnosis,I pictured a leather bottle filledWith tarnished liquor, sour and old.I imagined it hung crossed and crookedOn a tattered strap acrossThe rough neck of a gray-haired man.His skin, stained saddle brownAnd coarse from labored days in the sun,Was unlike yours, soft and pale.Yours, fragile and seeking peaceIn this now sunless roomWhere I wait for you to wake.His time was endless, bottle hugging hip,His shape solid against the sunset.But your time leaks from the tube draining your stomach—Your leather bottle, that we held just hours agoWhile you sleptHoping for an easy ride.Elisabeth HydeHershey, PA ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Hershey, PA 17033.Acknowledgment: The author thanks Kimberly Myers, PhD, of the Penn State College of Medicine, for her encouragement and suggestions throughout the writing process.Current Author Address: Elisabeth Hyde; e-mail, [email protected]psu.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 2011Volume 154, Issue 4Page: 287KeywordsHipStomach ePublished: 15 February 2011 Issue Published: 15 February 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1101: Acidosis-induced NF-κB promotes cell invasion in breast cancer
Authors: Subash C. Gupta, Yin-Yuan Mo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Although acidic microenvironment has been previously shown to promote breast cancer growth and invasion, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Because inflammation is a major culprit in cancer progression, we hypothesize that pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the acidic microenvironment plays a major role in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. In this study we showed that acidosis (pH 6.6) activates NF-κB but it has no effect on STAT3 activity in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, the activation of NF-κB is mediated through phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα; nuclear translocation, and phosphorylation of p65, leading to enhanced cell invasion. Upstream to NF-κB signaling, AKT, PDK1, and ERK1/2 are also activated under acidic condition. Moreover, acidosis induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can be suppressed by ROS scavengers such as glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, reversing the acidosis-induced activation of AKT, ERK1/2 and NF-κB, and invasiveness. In addition, the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium can suppressed acidosis-induced ROS. Importantly, we observed all of these effects only in cancer cells, but not in non-malignant cells. Together, these results suggest that production of ROS, activation of AKT, ERK1/2 and NF-κB may constitute key acidosis-induced signaling cascades in breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Subash C. Gupta, Yin-Yuan Mo. Acidosis-induced NF-κB promotes cell invasion in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1101. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1101