tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with 8% and 16% methyl aminolaevulinate and home-based daylight exposure: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: S.R. Wiegell, M. Haedersdal, P. Eriksen, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective but time-consuming and often painful treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). Home-based daylight-PDT has the potential to facilitate treatment procedure and to reduce associated pain due to continuous activation of small amounts of porphyrins. Moreover, a reduced methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL) concentration may reduce associated inflammation, making the treatment more tolerable for the patients.To compare response rates and adverse effects after PDT using conventional 16% and 8% MAL with home-based daylight exposure in treatment of AK.Thirty patients with mostly thin-grade AK of the face or scalp were treated with 16% and 8% MAL-PDT in two symmetrical areas after application of sunscreen. Immediately after, patients left the hospital with instructions to spend the remaining day outside at home in daylight. Patients scored pain during treatment and light exposure was monitored with an electronic wristwatch dosimeter.The complete response rate after 3 months was 76.9% for 16% MAL and 79.5% for 8% MAL (P = 0.37). Patients spent a mean of 244 min outdoors and received a mean effective light dose of 30 J cm(-2). Light doses of 8-70 J cm(-2) induced similar response rates (P = 0.25). Patients experienced mild to moderate pain during daylight exposure (mean maximal pain score of 3.7). No differences in pain scores and erythema were seen between the areas treated with 16% MAL and with 8% MAL.Home-based daylight-mediated MAL-PDT was an effective and well-tolerated treatment for AK. No differences in response rates or adverse events were found between the areas treated with 16% MAL and with 8% MAL.
Misuse of Term Vaccination in Opsonotherapy.
Authors: Jay Frank Schamberg
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Philadelphia, July 12, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the publication of articles on opsonotherapy the terms "vaccine" and "vaccination" are frequently appearing. They have doubtless been employed as convenient designations to indicate a degree of parallelism between the action of vaccination and bacterial inoculations. It is obvious, however, that the analogy is only partial. In vaccination a living parasite is introduced which produces a benign, modified smallpox. The bacterial inoculations on the other hand introduce toxins which, if present theories be true, sensitize the bacteria in the body and render them ready victims for phagocytosis. There are stronger reasons than the above for the discontinuance of the use of the words "vaccine" and "vaccination" in this connection. Through a century of usage these terms have been firmly established in the medical and lay mind as related to a prophylactic measure against smallpox. The popular comprehension of "vaccination" is clear cut
A new omniplane transthoracic phased-array transducer aids in easier data acquisition for volume-rendered 3-dimensional echocardiography and also provides newer 2-dimensional imaging planes: Description and early clinical experience
Authors: Lissa Sugeng, Qi-Ling Cao, Hubert Yeung, Marjory Caldeira, Alain Delabays, Gerald Marx, Mani Vannan, Steven Schwartz, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Failure of rubella immunisation after blood transfusion.
Authors: J E Banatvala, J M Best, M L King, C E James
Journal: BMJ (1981)

coccoid rods used by Mayberry.There are indications from our results that Eubacterium and Bifidobacterium are antigenically related.We have also noted a close correlation between IgG antibodies to Bifidobacterium bifidum and the duration of Crohn's disease (p =0 0006).It would therefore be of interest to know if the patients in the study by Dr Mayberry and colleagues giving poor correlations with agglutinations were recently diagnosed cases of Crohn's disease.In our study ulcerative colitis patients gave a slightly raised level of antibodies to Bifidobacterium bifidum but this was not significantly different from that in normal subjects.Finally, we should state that Wensinckt found no difference between the numbers of Bifidobacterium in the faecal flora of Crohn's patients and of normal subjects.
All changed, changed utterly
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1998)

News p 1924 Letters p 1986 

“The Bristol case,” in which judgment was passed last week1 will probably prove much more important to the future of health care in Britain than the reforms suggested in the white papers. Reorganisations of the NHS come round with monotonous regularity, but changes on the wards and in surgeries are slow and often unrelated to the passing political rhetoric. 2 3 In contrast, the Bristol case is a once in a lifetime drama that has held the attention of doctors and patients in a way that a white paper can never hope to match. The case has thrown up a long list of important issues (see box) that British medicine will take years to address. At the heart of the tragedy, which has been Shakespearean in its scale and structure, is, as the GMC said, “the trust that patients place in their doctors.” That trust will never be the same again, but that will be a good thing if we move to an active rather than a passive trust, where doctors share uncertainty.

The trust between doctors and patients works on two main levels: between individual patients and doctors and between society and doctors' organisations. The Bristol case will affect both. The most profound—but least easily measured—effect may well be on the relationship between individual doctors and patients. In the past two weeks the case must have been in the minds of many patients consulting doctors, particularly those about to undergo operations. Worldwide, the doctor-patient relationship is changing.4-6 For instance, the main theme of last week's world conference of general practitioners in Dublin …
Scaling-up and sustaining insecticide-treated net coverage
Authors: Jo Lines, Christian Lengeler, Kabir Cham, Don de Savigny, John Chimumbwa, Peter Langi, Dennis Carroll, Anne Mills, Kara Hanson, Jayne Webster, Matthew Lynch, Whitney Addington, Jenny Hill, Mark Rowland, Eve Worrall, Michael MacDonald, Albert Kilian
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2003)
Proximal tubule reabsorption after hyperoncotic albumin infusion. Role of parathyroid hormone and dissociation from plasma volume.
Authors: F G Knox, E G Schneider, L R Willis, J W Strandhoy, C E Ott, J L Cuche, R S Goldsmith, C D Arnaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Preferential expansion of the plasma volume by infusion of salt-poor hyperoncotic albumin solution decreases sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule. The present micropuncture studies test the thesis that albumin infusion depresses proximal reabsorption by an effect unrelated to expansion of the plasma volume, perhaps due to an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on proximal sodium reabsorption. Infusion of salt-poor hyperoncotic albumin significantly decreased plasma ionized calcium, increased immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) in plasma, decreased sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule, and increased phosphate clearance. In contrast, infusions of albumin, in which the ionized calcium was restored to normal plasma levels, had no significant effect on ionized calcium, iPTH, proximal reabsorption, or phosphate clearance in intact dogs. Similarly, in parathyroidectomized animals given a constant replacement infusion of PTH, albumin infusion had no significant effect on proximal reabsorption or phosphate clearance. Plasma volume was markedly expanded following albumin infusion in all groups of dogs. These findings (a) indicate that PTH plays a significant role in the decrease in sodium reabsorption by the renal proximal tubule after salt-poor hyperoncotic albumin infusion, and (b) dissociate preferential expansion of the plasma volume from decreases in sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule.
HYBRID OR NORWOOD: WHAT IS THE BEST RECONSTRUCTIVE STRATEGY FOR HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME?
Authors: Venkatesan B. Sivarajan, Veena Sivarajan, Marko Vezmar, Cedric Manlhiot, Brian W. McCrindle, Steven M. Schwartz, Glen S. Van Arsdell, Christopher A. Caldarone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 2126: Androgen receptor regulates lung cancer progress through modulation of OCT-4 expression
Authors: Hsuan-Hsuan Lu, Shauh-Der Yeh, Yu-Ting Chou, Yu-Ting Tsai, Chawnshang Chang, Cheng-Wen Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide with unclear pathogenesis. The annual age-adjusted cancer incidence rates of lung cancer in male is higher than female in the U.S. But the role of androgen/AR in lung cancer has not been demonstrated. Immunohistochemical stain and RT Q-PCR studies demonstrated the overexpression pattern of AR in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) especially in male. Then we focused on the role of AR in lung cancer progression. Knockdown AR by lentivirus infection in NSCLC cell lines significantly suppressed cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar assay through the down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. Besides, knockdown AR could also suppress the migration and invasion ability in CL1-5 and H1299 cells. In immunodeficient mice, AR-knockdown NSCLC cells showed dramatically decreased tumorigenesis and metastasis ability compared with control cells. Interestingly, we also found that the down-regulation of OCT-4 protein expression in AR knockdown CL1-5 and H1299 lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that AR may play important roles in tumor growth and metastasis through its interaction with stemness pathway and it also implies AR pathway may become one of novel therapeutic targets in NSCLC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2126
Injuries from antipersonnel mines: the experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
Authors: R M Coupland, A Korver
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To describe and quantify patterns of injury from antipersonnel mines in terms of distribution of injury, drain on surgical resources, and residual disability. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis. SETTING--Two hospitals for patients injured in war. SUBJECTS--757 patients with injuries from antipersonnel mines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Distribution and number of injuries; number of blood transfusions; number of operations; disability. RESULTS--Pattern 1 injury results from standing on a buried mine. These patients usually sustain traumatic amputation of the foot or leg; they use most surgical time and blood and invariably require surgical amputation of one or both lower limbs. Pattern 2 injury is a more random collection of penetrating injuries caused by multiple fragments from a mine triggered near the victim. The lower limb is injured but there is less chance of traumatic amputation or subsequent surgical amputation. Injuries to the head, neck, chest, or abdomen are common. Pattern 3 injury results from handling a mine: the victim sustains severe upper limb injuries with associated face injuries. Eye injuries are common in all groups. CONCLUSIONS--Patients who survive standing on a buried mine have greatest disability. Non-combatants are at risk from these weapons; in developing countries their social and economic prospects after recovery from amputation are poor.
Advances in Blood Grouping (II)
Authors: Frances K. Widmann
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The collected papers of so gifted and prolific a worker as A. S. Wiener cannot fail to be both significant and exciting. This volume reprints many of Wiener's recent publications, largely dating from 1961 to 1965, although several much earlier papers are included for their historical interest. <i>Advances in Blood Grouping</i>is a podium from which Wiener discusses, in tones clearly audible at the back of the room, the many topics which have engaged his energies. Not surprisingly, much discussion centers on terminology and the theoretical implications of nomenclature. Wiener devotes considerable zeal to the abuses of blood grouping data as support for various epidemiological and genetic theories. His continuing plea is for meticulous serologic technique, to be interpreted by experts thoroughly conversant with the pitfalls and ramifications of serologic investigation. Other topics include the blood groups of nonhuman primates, the ABO and Lewis groups in man, M-N types, and
Interleukin-7 is a growth factor for Sézary lymphoma cells.
Authors: A Dalloul, L Laroche, M Bagot, M D Mossalayi, C Fourcade, D J Thacker, D E Hogge, H Merle-Béral, P Debré, C Schmitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Sézary syndrome is a cutaneous T cell lymphoma characterized by infiltration of the skin by CD4+ cells. These cells generally respond poorly to mitogens and T cell activators. We have studied the action of IL1 to IL4, IL6, and IL7 on the proliferation of Sézary cells from 12 patients. With the exception of IL2 and IL7, the cytokines studied had no proliferative effect on these cells. Whereas IL2 had only a low proliferative capacity (two- to threefold increase) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, recombinant IL7 constantly induced a very significant (3-40-fold increase) proliferative response, and was used successfully to generate cell lines in three out of eight cases. Growth of Sézary cell lines was shown to be strictly dependent on IL7, and after 2-5 wk of culture presented a switch to a homogeneous phenotype CD3+4+8-7- (except for one line that remained CD7+), with a typical morphology of Sézary cells. Their tumoral origin was demonstrated by the expression of the same T cell receptor-beta gene rearrangement as the patients' T cells. Importantly, cultured normal epidermal keratinocyte supernatants could support the growth of our Sézary lines. Furthermore, the proliferative activity contained in these supernatants was completely blocked by a monoclonal anti-IL7 antibody. These results suggest that IL7 may, therefore, represent an important cytokine in the physiopathology of cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
THE SERUM TREATMENT OF WEIL'S DISEASE (SPIROCHÆTOSIS ICTEROHÆMORRHAGICA)
Authors: Ryokichi Inada, Yutaka Ido, Rokuro Hoki, Hiroshi Ito, H. Wani
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

Horses immunized with cultures of Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae yield an immune serum having therapeutic properties. With rare exceptions the serum destroys completely the spirochetes contained in the circulating blood. The development of antibodies is promoted by the serum injections. The number of spirochetes in the organs is reduced by the treatment. Secondary manifestations due to the serum are slight and disappear promptly. The ultimate effects of the serum treatment on the symptoms and final outcome of the disease have still to be determined.
Abnormal activator protein 1 transcription factor expression in CD30-positive cutaneous large-cell lymphomas
Authors: X. Mao, G. Orchard, R. Russell-Jones, S. Whittaker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background CD30+ cutaneous large‐cell lymphomas (CLCL) represent a heterogeneous subgroup of skin lymphomas including primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (C‐ALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), transformed mycosis fungoides (T‐MF) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with cutaneous involvement. The activator protein 1 (AP‐1) transcription factor consists of JUN, FOS and other protein families. Recent studies have revealed upregulation of JUNB in both MF and C‐ALCL and overexpression of JUNB and CD30 in systemic HL and ALCL. Objectives To assess systematically the expression pattern of AP‐1 transcription factors in CLCL. Methods We analysed paraffin tissue sections from 27 patients with LyP, 10 with C‐ALCL, eight with T‐MF and two with cutaneous HL by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against c‐JUN, JUNB, JUND, c‐FOS and RAF‐1. We also stained samples from 10 patients with C‐ALCL, seven with Sézary syndrome (SS), six with T‐MF, three with cutaneous HL, two with LyP and control samples with total and phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) antibodies. Results Positive staining for JUND (++) was observed in 13 cases of LyP (48%), 10 C‐ALCL, six T‐MF (75%) and two cutaneous HL cases. Positive JUNB protein expression was present in four cases of T‐MF (50%), four C‐ALCL (44%), three LyP (11%) and two cutaneous HL. Expression of total (p44/42) MAP kinase and phosphorylated p44/42 MAP kinase were detected in nine cases of C‐ALCL (90%), seven SS (88%), five T‐MF (89%) and three cutaneous HL. Most of these samples also showed positive staining for JUNB. Conclusion These results suggest the presence of abnormal AP‐1 protein expression in CLCL, which may be relevant to CLCL.
Oral VP-16-213 in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma and toxic effects when combined with methotrexate.
Authors: G Anderson, F Bowyer, L Williams
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Forty-six patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer received treatment with the cytotoxic drug VP-16-213 in a dose of 100 mg twice daily, given orally for five days. The overall objective response rate was 11 out of 46 (24%) or 11 of the 33 (33%) who survived to receive two cycles. The drug was effective in all histological types. Only one patient developed leucopenia. This demonstration of the safety of VP-16-213 and its effectiveness suggested that this drug might be used in combination chemotherapy. A series of pilot studies showed unexplained marrow toxicity when VP-16-123 combined with vincristine was given with either methotrexate of adriamycin.
Blind men, elephants, and dancing information processors
Authors: Chris Westbury
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Whatever else language may be, it is complex and multifaceted. Shanker &amp; King (S&amp;K) have tried to contrast a dynamic interactive view of language with an information processing view. I take issue with two main claims: first, that the dynamic interactive view of language is a “new paradigm” in either animal research or human language studies; and second, that the dynamic systems language-as-dance view of language is in any way incompatible with an information-processing view of language. That some information is defined in coregulated social interaction guarantees the dancing. That all information is composed of relevant differences guarantees the information processing.
ATORVASTATIN DIRECTLY REDUCES VASCULAR SUPEROXIDE GENERATION IN HUMAN VEIN GRAFTS EX VIVO, BY IMPROVING ENOS COUPLING AND REDUCING NADPH-OXIDASE ACTIVITY
Authors: Constantinos Bakogiannis, Charalambos Antoniades, Dimitris Tousoulis, Michael Demosthenous, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Themistokles Psarros, George Ekonomopoulos, Nikolaos Sfyras, Keith M. Channon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
P19 * OUTCOMES IN GLIOBLASTOMA: THE UCLH / NHNN EXPERIENCE 2010-2013
Authors: M. Kosmin, N. Fersht, E. Wilson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Chemoradiotherapy after maximal debulking surgery is the standard of care for patients with glioblastoma. This study reviews patient outcomes at our centre. Analysis has been performed based on well-established prognostic criteria in glioblastoma, and other tumour and patient-related factors. METHOD: Patients with glioblastoma operated on between 1st April 2010 and 31st March 2013 at NHNN, and then treated with chemoradiotherapy at UCLH, were included in the study cohort. Outcome data based on patient and tumour characteristics were collected from the electronic records and radiotherapy planning systems, and were censored on 31st December 2013. RESULTS: 62 patients were studied (32 female, 30 male) with a median overall survival of 18 months, and median progression-free survival of 10 months. 75% patients were alive at 1 year; 42% at 2 years. PS had a significant effect of survival (p = 0.019). Trends were seen with other standard prognostic criteria: type of surgery (p = 0.087), age (p = 0.110), MGMT status (p = 0.292). Female patients survived significantly longer than males (p = 0.038). There was no effect of tumour size or location, or time from surgery to chemoradiotherapy. Analysis of molecular phenotype showed no correlation between survival and Ki67, EGFR amplification, or PTEN loss. CONCLUSION: The standard prognostic criteria in glioblastoma show the expected trends in our patients, but male patients appear to do significantly worse. There is no correlation with other investigated characteristics including tumour size and molecular phenotype. The benefit of starting chemoradiotherapy earlier has not been shown in our patient population. Overall, our outcomes at least match those in the literature.
Gravlee Jet Irrigator as a Screening Method?
Authors: Murray J. Casey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Endometrial cancer is a highly curable disease in its earliest stage. We agree with Twiggs et al (235:2748, 1976) that the symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding demand evaluation by surgical fractional curettage. On the other hand, we feel that the Gravlee jet endometrial irrigation technique may be of value as a screening method for detection of occult endometrial cancer in asymptomatic women at risk for this disease. In our experience with endometrial irrigation in screening asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, we have cytologically or histologically demonstrated each of five endometrial carcinomas that were diagnosed in a group of 40 patients who were then subjected to uterine curettage under anesthesia.<sup>1</sup>These tumors were histologically well differentiated or partially differentiated. It is further remarkable that the cervical-vaginal Papanicolaou smear was negative in each of these five patients. We do not feel that the irrigation technique
SUPPRESSION OF URIC ACID SYNTHESIS IN THE GOUTY HUMAN BY THE USE OF 6-DIAZO-5-OXO-L-NORLEUCINE*
Authors: Arthur I. Grayzel, J. E. Seegmiller, Ethel Love
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

A substantial number of patients with gout has been shown to produce excessive amounts of uric acid (1-4). This overproduction has been demonstrated by the excretion of greater than normal amounts of uric acid in the urine, or an excessive incorporation of isotopically labeled glycine into urinary uric acid. The present day treatment of tophaceous gout consists primarily in the administration of uricosuric agents to increase the renal excretion of the uric acid formed, with use of colchicine, ACTH gel, or phenylbutazone for management of the acute attacks. Control of the production of uric acid has been of necessity confined to limiting the purine and protein content of the diet (5). A logical approach to the treatment of those patients who overproduce uric acid would be to inhibit the excessive production by pharmacologic agents. In recent years several compounds have been reported to interfere with purine biosynthesis. Two such compounds, azaserine (o-diazoacetyl-L-serine) and 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), have been shown to suppress the forma