tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conditionally Replicating Adenoviruses Expressing Short Hairpin RNAs Silence the Expression of a Target Gene in Cancer Cells
Authors: Jan E. Carette, Renée M. Overmeer, Frederik H. E. Schagen, Ramon Alemany, Oleg A. Barski, Winald R. Gerritsen, Victor W. van Beusechem
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranscriptional silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNA that was recently shown to function in mammalian cells. Expression of cancer-associated genes was knocked down by expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in cancer cells. By virtue of its excellent target specificity, RNAi may be used as a new therapeutic modality for cancer. The success of this approach will largely depend on efficient delivery of shRNAs to tumor cells. Tumor-selective replication competent viruses are especially suited to efficiently deliver anticancer genes to tumors. In addition, their intrinsic capacity to kill cancer cells makes these viruses promising anticancer agents per se. In this study, conditionally replicating adenoviruses were constructed encoding shRNAs targeted against firefly luciferase. These replicating viruses were shown to specifically silence the expression of the target gene in human cancer cells down to 30% relative to control virus. This finding offers the promise of using RNAi in the context of cancer gene therapy with oncolytic viruses.
Infection Prevention During Profound Granulocytopenia
Authors: STEPHEN C. SCHIMPFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

During the past 10 years the concepts of total reverse isolation using laminar air flow rooms and alimentary canal microbial suppression using oral nonabsorbable antibiotics have each been proved effective in reducing serious infection for patients with profound, prolonged granulocytopenia. When these two modalities are combined, the net reduction in infections is about 75%. Oral nonabsorbable antibiotics, however, are poorly tolerated, costly, and frequently associated with the acquisition of resistant gram-negative rods when used outside the laminar air flow room setting. The concept of colonization resistance may be the new approach needed for microbial suppression of the nonisolated patient. If the anaerobic flora is undisturbed, newly acquired organisms generally cannot colonize the patient. Agents such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole suppress many of the potentially pathogenic aerobic bacteria but not the anaerobes, leaving colonization resistance relatively intact. The result thus far has been a reduction in infection without a concurrent increase in colonization or infection by organisms resistant to the antimicrobial agents commonly used for therapy.
Purkinje cells in awake behaving animals operate at the upstate membrane potential
Authors: Martijn Schonewille, Sara Khosrovani, Beerend H J Winkelman, Freek E Hoebeek, Marcel T G De Jeu, Inger M Larsen, J Van Der Burg, Matthew T Schmolesky, Maarten A Frens, Chris I De Zeeuw
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)
Cracking the ENCODE: From transcription to therapeutics
Authors: Gautam Mehta, Rajiv Jalan, Rajeshwar P Mookerjeee
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The human genome encodes the blueprint of life, but the function of the vast majority of its nearly three billion bases is unknown. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has systematically mapped regions of transcription, transcription factor association, chromatin structure and histone modification. These data enabled us to assign biochemical functions for 80% of the genome, in particular outside of the well-studied protein-coding regions. Many discovered candidate regulatory elements are physically associated with one another and with expressed genes, providing new insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation. The newly identified elements also show a statistical correspondence to sequence variants linked to human disease, and can thereby guide interpretation of this variation. Overall, the project provides new insights into the organization and regulation of our genes and genome, and is an expansive resource of functional annotations for biomedical research.
Administration of Enders' Live Measles Virus Vaccine with Human Immune Globulin
Authors: Robert Weibel
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Extensive investigations have proved the efficacy and safety of Enders' live measles virus vaccine coadministered with measles antibody in human immune globulin. The recommended optimal regimen is 1,000 tissue culture doses of virus given into one arm followed immediately by injection of 40 units per pound (88 units per kilogram) body weight of measles antibody in human immune globulin into the opposite arm. Either dried or frozen virus can be used. The optimal age for vaccination is considered to be 9 months to 1 year. If vaccination is performed at this age, the required yearly supply of human immune globulin would be about one-fifth of that now being used each year in the United States for attenuation of natural measles in persons known to have been exposed.
Alexander ("Sandy") James Gray
Authors: W. McIntosh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An expert on venomous creatures and one of the great larrikins of Australian medicineIn a country famous for its deadly snakes and spiders, Struan Sutherland became a household name for his expertise on venomous creatures.He was also well known as one of the great larrikins of Australian medicine and as a prolific author.While working at the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories (CSL), Sutherland led efforts to develop an antivenom to the Sydney funnel-web spider and revolutionised treatment of snake bites by developing the pressure-immobilisation first aid technique and venom detection kits.After an acrimonious departure from CSL, Sutherland founded the Australian Venom Research Unit at the University of Melbourne's department of pharmacology in 1994, where he worked until retiring in 1999.But Sutherland, who spent his final years battling a rare, degenerative brain diseasestriatonigral degeneration-was writing until the end.The second edition of the textbook Australian Animal Toxins, which he co-wrote, was published several months before his death.In typical Sutherland style, he wrote asking colleagues to review chapters of the text, offering a multiple choice reply.Recipients could tick either "send me a copy asap" or "stuff off."Sutherland once said that what he enjoyed most about his
The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy From the Greeks to the Beginning of Modern Neurology
Authors: Andrew N. Wilner
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A<i>JAMA</i>reviewer hailed the 1945 first edition of<i>The Falling Sickness</i>as a reference work with "no historical rival," which "occupies a separate shelf in the reviewer's Library of Fame."<sup>1</sup>A revised second edition, published in 1971, increased the bibliography from a hefty 706 references to a weighty 1120. The number of footnotes, many in French, Latin, or Greek, multiplied from 1721 to 2073!<sup>2</sup>The reviewer of the second edition deemed Temkin's intensely researched and well-organized historical work "magnificent." The 1994 publication is a softcover reprint of the long out-of-print 1971 revised edition. Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press, this informative book is now available at a very modest cost. One of the striking features of<i>The Falling Sickness</i>is the author's apparent lack of any agenda besides pure scholarship. His interpretation of historical research does not seem politically motivated, and no pharmaceutical company or other
Alterations in the basement membrane zone in pili annulati hair follicles as demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry
Authors: K.A. Giehl, D.J.P. Ferguson, D. Dean, Y.H. Chuang, J. Allen, D.A.R.DE. Berker, A. Tosti, R.P.R. Dawber, F. Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Pili annulati is a rare autosomal dominant inherited hair shaft abnormality in which clinical examination reveals alternating light and dark bands leading to a shiny appearance of the hair. The clinically light bands are the abnormal areas due to cavities within the cortex. The pathogenesis remains unknown. Objectives To investigate the expression of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) components in pili annulati hair follicles of the scalp. Methods Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out on scalp sections of six individuals with pili annulati and six controls. Longitudinal sections of scalp tissues from four individuals with pili annulati and six normal controls were studied by immunohistochemistry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the following BMZ components: α6β4 integrin, laminin 5, LH39 antigen, laminin 1, collagen IV and collagen VII. Results Using TEM, pili annulati scalp specimens exhibited a reduplicated lamina densa in the region of the root bulb in comparison with the single thin electron‐dense band in controls. Using immunohistochemistry, there was a wavy BMZ in pili annulati follicles with antibodies to components of the lamina lucida, lamina densa and anchoring fibrils, whereas the BMZ in control hair follicles was as a smooth linear band. The expression of the hemidesmosome‐associated α6β4 integrin was linear in both pili annulati and control hair follicles. Conclusions Our results suggest that the genetic defect may be a mutation in proteins involved in signalling and regulation of formation and degradation of the lamina densa and sublamina densa region resulting in abnormal assembly or remodelling of the BMZ.
Fluorescent pegylated nanoparticles demonstrate fluid-phase pinocytosis by macrophages in mouse atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Chiara Buono, Joshua J. Anzinger, Marcelo Amar, Howard S. Kruth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The uptake of lipoproteins by macrophages is a critical step in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Cultured monocyte-derived macrophages take up large amounts of native LDL by receptor-independent fluid-phase pinocytosis, either constitutively or in response to specific activating stimuli, depending on the macrophage phenotype. We therefore sought to determine whether fluid-phase pinocytosis occurs in vivo in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. We demonstrated that fluorescent pegylated nanoparticles similar in size to LDL (specifically nontargeted Qtracker quantum dot and AngioSPARK nanoparticles) can serve as models of LDL uptake by fluid-phase pinocytosis in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Using fluorescence microscopy, we showed that atherosclerosis-prone Apoe-knockout mice injected with these nanoparticles displayed massive accumulation of the nanoparticles within CD68+ macrophages, including lipid-containing foam cells, in atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch. Similar results were obtained when atherosclerotic mouse aortas were cultured with nanoparticles in vitro. These results show that macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions can take up LDL-sized nanoparticles by fluid-phase pinocytosis and indicate that fluid-phase pinocytosis of LDL is a mechanism for macrophage foam cell formation in vivo.
THE EXPERIENCE OF SEVERAL PHYSICIANS WITH SERO-THERAPY IN TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: PAUL PAQUIN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I ase a glass to measure the fluid, not a metal spoon.In all cases whisky is given, 1 to 2 ounces at a dose, two to three times per day.The cough is somewhat lessened by adding essence of peppermint to the whisky in the proportion of half a dram to each dose.The diet must be nutritious and liberal.Potassic hypochlorite.7 " Magnésie chlorid.1.5 " Calcic chlorid. 2 Hydric chlorid.2 " Chlorin. 5 " Potassic sulphate.1.5 " Magnésie sulphate..5 " Aquae.1,000Sodic carbonate, potassic carbonate, equal parts added in sufficient quantity to bring the solution to the proper degree of acidity.Hemorrhage into the Pons and Opium Poisoning.-Aspecial inter- est is attached to the symptomatology of hemorrhage into the pons Varolii, because lesions here sometimes very closely simu- late narcotic poisoning.The slowing of respiration, the pin- point contraction of the pupils, the unconsciousness, all give to some cases of pons hemorrhage a similarity to opium poison- ing, and mistakes in diagnosis have been made even by men of large experience.-Dr.Dana in Post-Graduate, July.
Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Adults-Reply
Authors: Benjamin Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The importance of GBS as a cause of maternal morbidity is well recognized. As pointed out by Dr Greenspoon, the incidence of invasive GBS maternal infection may be underestimated in our study since cultures were not obtained from all febrile patients; this comment may apply as well to other groups of patients such as diabetics with skin and soft tissue infections. Our data provide an estimate of definite cases of GBS disease in pregnancy and in other conditions. We agree with the need for preventive strategies to decrease morbidity from GBS infections in pregnant women. However, the optimal approach is not clear. While prophylactic antibiotics for women colonized with GBS may prevent infection, the potential benefit must be balanced against cost and the risk of adverse drug reactions. If intrapartum antibiotics were given to all women colonized with GBS, it seems likely that the adverse effects would outweigh
The feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal carcinoid tumors: comparison with endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: D. Lee, S. Jeon, S. Park, M. Jung, C. Cho, W. Tak, Y. Kweon, S. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de D. S. Lee et al., pp. 647Endoscopy 2010; 42(08): 994-994DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306703
Operative Techniques: Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Authors: Toni M. McLaurin
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How to hope for the best while planning for the worst in terminal illness
Authors: R. Harding
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Blackhall faces the challenges of the US system, whereby Medicare hospice benefit is payable only to those certified by a physician to be in the last six months of life and willing to forgo potentially curative treatment.1 This places a greater emphasis on accurate prognostication, and takes away the “hope” of potentially curative treatment being …
Appeal court reinstates GMC penalties on two doctors
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The Court of Appeal for England and Wales has reinstated severe penalties imposed by the General Medical Council on two doctors found guilty of serious professional misconduct after they were reduced by the High Court. 

The important judgment, delivered last week, confirms that the test for judges in deciding whether the GMC got the penalty wrong is unchanged, although appeals now go to the High Court instead of the Privy Council. 

The three appeal court judges overturned rulings by the High Court judge Mr Justice Collins, which had substituted one month's suspension for 12 months in one case, and 12 months' suspension for erasure in the other. Lord Justice Chadwick, Lord Justice …
Diabetes: Hydrogen‐Bonded Multilayers of Tannic Acid as Mediators of T‐Cell Immunity (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2015)
Authors: Veronika Kozlovskaya, Bing Xue, Weiqi Lei, Lindsey E. Padgett, Hubert M. Tse, Eugenia Kharlampieva
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Nanothin hydrogen-bonded multilayers of natural polyphenol, tannic acid, presented by H. M. Tse, E. Kharlampieva, and colleagues on page 686 possess dual antioxidant and immunosuppressive properties. In particular, the coating efficiently dissipates pro-inflammatory reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may provide physical transplant protection and prevent diabetogenic autoreactive T-cell responses in Type 1 diabetes patients.
Blood Donors with Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Howard J. Worman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 May 1996Blood Donors with Antibody to Hepatitis C VirusHoward J. Worman, MD, MDHoward J. Worman, MD, MDColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York, NY 10032Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-10-199605150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The clinical presentation of patients with chronic hepatitis C can range from the absence of symptoms to the presence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several studies on the natural history of hepatitis C have been published [1-3], but conflicting data exist on the presentation and progression of patients with this disease. Thus, physicians are often unsure about prognosis, management, and treatment. In this regard, discrepancies in the results of two recent studies [4, 5] deserve comment.In a recent report published in Annals, Shakil and colleagues [4] reported that of 60 asymptomatic blood donors with antibodies against ...References1. Alter MJ, Margolis HS, Krawczynski K, Judson FN, Mares A, Alexander WJ, et al. The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States. The Sentinel Counties Chronic non-A, non-B Hepatitis Study Team. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:1899-905. Google Scholar2. Seeff LB, Buskell-Bales Z, Wright EC, Durako SJ, Alter HJ, Iber FL, et al. Long-term mortality after transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:1906-11. Google Scholar3. Koretz RL, Abbey H, Coleman E, Gitnick G. Non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis. Looking back in the second decade. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:110-5. Google Scholar4. Shakil AO, Conry-Cantilena C, Alter HJ, Hayashi P, Kleiner DE, Tedeschi V, et al. Volunteer blood donors with antibody to hepatitis C virus: clinical, biochemical, virologic, and histologic features. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:330-7. Google Scholar5. Tong MJ, El-Farra NS, Reikes AR, Co RL. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332:1463-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Howard J. Worman, MD, MDAffiliations: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York, NY 10032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1996Volume 124, Issue 10Page: 930-931KeywordsBlood donorsChronic hepatitis CCirrhosisHepatitis CHepatocellular carcinomaLiverLiver diseasesNatural history of diseasePatientsViral diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Unsuspected Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Critically III Emergency Patients
Authors: James L. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To determine the prevalence of unsuspected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in critically ill emergency patients, we examined the anonymous serum samples of 203 critically ill or severely injured patients with no history of HIV infection. We found that six (3%) were seropositive for HIV antibody by both enzyme-linked immunoassay and Western blot analysis. All seropositives were trauma victims between the ages of 25 and 34 years, representing 16% of the trauma patients in that age group (n = 37). All seropositives were actively bleeding, and all required multiple invasive procedures. History of intravenous drug abuse was not discriminating in identifying potential seropositives. We conclude that infection-control precautions are indicated for both emergency department personnel and prehospital care providers (such as paramedics, police officers, and fire fighters) when caring for bleeding patients, whether or not previous suspicion of HIV infection exists.
Intracontinental spread of human invasive Salmonella Typhimurium pathovariants in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Chinyere K Okoro, Robert A Kingsley, Thomas R Connor, Simon R Harris, Christopher M Parry, Manar N Al-Mashhadani, Samuel Kariuki, Chisomo L Msefula, Melita A Gordon, Elizabeth de Pinna, John Wain, Robert S Heyderman, Stephen Obaro, Pedro L Alonso, Inacio Mandomando, Calman A MacLennan, Milagritos D Tapia, Myron M Levine, Sharon M Tennant, Julian Parkhill, Gordon Dougan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Regular Review: Dietary management of gastroenteritis in Britain
Authors: B A Wharton, R E Pugh, L S Taitz, J A Walker-Smith, I W Booth
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Gastroenteritis is becoming less of a problem in Britain, but still 4*6 of every 1000 children under 5 were admitted to hospital for gastroenteritis in 1983,l a rate only slightly lower than the 5*8 admitted in 1978.2 Mortality has fallen sub? stantially. In 1978 142 infants and 22 toddlers (1-4 year olds) died from gastroenteritis in England and Wales,3 while in 1983 deaths numbered 38 and 10 respectively.4 In the 1970s the mortality from gastroenteritis in Britain was higher than that in many other countries in Europe.5 The infant mortality from gastroenteritis in Britain (6 for every 100 000 in 1983) is now much lower than that in some countries?for example, Greece (18) and Portugal (113); on a par with that in countries such as Belgium (5) and France (6); but still above that seen in West Germany (3) and the Netherlands (Nil).6
Paterson-Kelly Syndrome in Adolescence: A Report of Five Cases
Authors: M. DA. Crawfurd, A. Jacobs, B. Murphy, D. K. Peters
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Dysphagia in the post-cricoid region is usually found in middle-aged women and may be associated with anaemia (Jacobs and Kilpatrick, 1964). Patients with this condition sometimes have a post-cricoid web which can be seen radiologically. Although cases may occasionally be seen in women below the age of 30, no cases occurring during adolescence have been reported before in the literature. The present report describes the cases of three boys and two girls aged 14 to 19 years in whom post-cricoid webs were found. All these patients suffered from iron-deficiency anaemia.
888 HEPATIC FIBROSIS AND RESPONSE TO INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN THERAPY IN CHRONIC HCV PATIENTS WITH NORMAL LIVER TRANSAMINASES
Authors: M. Elnegouly, M. Elbeshlawy, Y. Saad, M. Saeed, M. Elraziky, N. Zayed, W. Elakel, M. Mabrouk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
186 Treatment of CLL and ARC patients with transfer factor and isolation and characterization of low molecular weight immunomodulators from transfer factor
Authors: J.P. Lavery, R. Floyd, S. Ha, M.H. Chiang, M.C. Huang, S. Cole, B. Rankin, R. Hunter, J. Seyer, C.L. Neeley, T.J. Yoo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)