tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A PSYCHOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ALCOHOLIC ADDICTION
Authors: MORSE P. MANSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

There is a need for an objective test to identify the alcoholic addict. Such a test undoubtedly would conserve personnel and time within large screening programs. In clinical practice, such a test might be valuable as a therapeutic device. A 60-question test, called the Alcadd Test, was constructed and used. In the present study, 123 alcoholics were compared with 159 nonalcoholics on the Alcadd Test. The 2 groups were relatively comparable in age, intelligence, and socioeconomic status. Illiterates, mental defectives, psychotics, and deteriorated individuals were not used. The following conclusions have been drawn: 1. A paper-and-pencil test, simple to administer, score, and interpret has been found useful in the identification of the alcoholic addict. 2. Highly significant statistical differences in mean scores on this test were found to exist when alcoholics were compared with social drinkers and abstainers. Significant differences also were found when social drinkers and abstainers were compared. 3. The Alcadd Test made approximately 97% correct predictions of alcoholics and 94% correct predictions of social drinkers. It predicted 100% correctly for the abstainers. 4. Using the shorter approximation of the Richardson-Kuder formula, a coefficient of reliability of .92 was found for the males and .96 for the females. 5. A subjective analysis of the 60 items on the Alcadd Test revealed 5 characteristics of the alcoholic addict. They were as follows: (a) regularity of drinking, (b) preference for drinking over other activities, (c) lack of controlled drinking, (d) rationalization of drinking, and (e) excessive emotionality. 6. Male alcoholics appear to be more consistent drinkers and show stronger preferences for drinking than do female alcoholics. Female alcoholics show much less control over their drinking, more rationalizations for their drinking, and more emotional immaturity than male alcoholics. 7. Abstainers consistently make lower scores on the 5 alcoholic characteristics than do both alcoholics and social drinkers. 8. The Alcadd Test can be completed in less than 10 minutes and scored in 2 or 3 minutes. A profile of the 5 traits can be immediately constructed.
Enhancement of experimental metastasis by tumor necrosis factor.
Authors: P Orosz, B Echtenacher, W Falk, J Rüschoff, D Weber, D N Männel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The influence of endogenous and exogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on metastasis was investigated in an experimental fibrosarcoma metastasis model. A single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human (rh) TNF or recombinant mouse (rm) TNF into mice 5 h before intravenous inoculation of methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma cells (CFS1) induced a significant enhancement of the number of metastases in the lung. Dose responses of rmTNF and rhTNF demonstrated a stronger metastasis-augmenting effect by rmTNF compared with rhTNF. This effect was time dependent, as administration of rmTNF 5 h before or 1 h but not 24 h after tumor cell inoculation caused an increase of tumor cell colony formation on the lung surface, suggesting an influence of TNF on the vascular adhesion and diapedesis of tumor cells. Since tumor-bearing mice showed an enhanced ability to produce TNF after endotoxin injection compared to control mice, tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-mTNF antibodies. Neutralization of endogenous tumor-induced TNF led to a significant decrease of the number of pulmonary metastases. Histological analysis of micrometastases in the lung on day 5 by silver staining of proteins associated with nucleolar organizer regions revealed more metastatic foci and augmented proliferative activity of the tumor cells after rmTNF pretreatment of mice. However, no direct effect of rmTNF on the proliferation rate of tumor cells was seen in vitro. These findings suggest that low doses of endogenous TNF or administered TNF during cytokine therapy might enhance the metastatic potential of circulating tumor cells.
Preventing, rather than treating, stress in doctors under investigation
Authors: M. C. Jalmbrant
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Hawton comprehensively summarises Sarndrah Horsfall’s internal report for the General Medical Council and expresses confidence that a separate health system will support doctors under investigation who have mental health problems, thereby preventing suicides.1 2 However, this initiative is unlikely to ameliorate the immense stress some doctors experience when subjected to complaint investigations and GMC procedures in particular.

Professor Terence Stephenson …
Glycemic Control and Hypoglycemia: Is the Loser the Winner?
Authors: Lawrence C. Perlmuter, Brian P. Flanagan, Parinda H. Shah, Sant P. Singh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We thank Dr. Clark and concur with his appropriate comments about the severity of hypoglycemic symptoms in type 1 diabetic subjects (1,2). The glycemic thresholds to activate the neuroendocrine, autonomic nervous …
Heme oxygenase-1 suppresses hepatitis C virus replication and increases resistance of hepatocytes to oxidant injury
Authors: Zhaowen Zhu, Anne T. Wilson, Meleah M. Mathahs, Feng Wen, Kyle E. Brown, Bruce A. Luxon, Warren N. Schmidt
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Oxidative injury to hepatocytes occurs as a result of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and replication. Modulation of host cell antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) may be useful therapeutically to minimize cellular injury, reduce viral replication, and attenuate liver disease. In this report, we evaluated the effects of HO-1 overexpression on HCV replication and hepatocellular injury. Full-length (FL) (Con1) or nonstructural (NS) replicons (I 389 NS3-3′) were transfected with complete human HO-1 sequences or empty vector for control. Cell lines overexpressing HO-1 (twofold to sixfold above basal values) or empty vector were isolated, and their HCV RNA synthesis, pro-oxidant levels, and resistance to oxidative injury were assessed. HO-1 overexpression decreased HCV RNA replication in both FL and NS replicons without affecting cellular growth or DNA synthesis. The attenuation of HCV replication was significantly reversed in both replicon systems with HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown. Both FL and NS replicons that overexpress HO-1 showed reduced prooxidant levels at baseline and increased resistance to oxidant-induced cytotoxicity. HO-1 induction with hemin also markedly decreased HCV replication in both parental FL and NS replicon cell lines. Conversely, knockdown of HO-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) by siRNA in parental FL or NS replicons did not significantly affect HCV replication, suggesting that less than basal levels of HO-1 had minimal effect on HCV replication. Conclusion: Overexpression or induction of HO-1 results in decreased HCV replication as well as protection from oxidative damage. These findings suggest a potential role for HO-1 in antiviral therapy and therapeutic protection against hepatocellular injury in HCV infection. (Hepatology 2008.)
A METHOD OF EMPLOYING KANGAROO TENDON IN THE OPERATION FOR SHORTENING OCULAR MUSCLES.
Authors: JOHN O. McREYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Without attempting to review the subject of muscle shortening I will briefly present a method which has been quite satisfactory in my experience on account of the short time required for its performance, its freedom from pain, and the accuracy with which any degree of heterophoria may be corrected. It may also be successfully employed as an auxiliary in those cases of marked strabismus in which complete tenotomies alone will not entirely correct the deviation. The method is as follows: With broad fixation forceps provided with teeth sufficiently long to engage all the ocular tissues down to the sclera, grasp conjunctiva, capsule of Tenon and tendon of ocular muscle in such a way as to produce a loop of tendon. Then fix the loop thus formed by a single suture of kangaroo tendon embracing the ocular tendon. Tie the thread thus employed and leave it to be absorbed. In case
A CASE OF HYSTERICAL HIP-JOINT.
Authors: JOHN LINCOLN PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Miss E. H., a schoolgirl, 11 years old, came under observation Jan. 24, 1898, with the following history: She had had measles, chicken-pox and whooping-cough in childhood, and scarlet fever three years before I saw her. After this she had severe headaches, pain in the upper dorsal region and "trouble with her stomach." The gastric disturbance consisted of attacks or crises, occurring at quite regular intervals of about a month, with headache, eructations, sometimes vomiting, and pain of an intermittent character in the abdomen; and with this was extreme nervousness amounting at times to nervous storms. These attacks lasted for two or three days, and rapidly passed off, leaving the patient in good health. She had never menstruated. In September, 1897, she began to complain of pain in the right hip, and these pains recurred, with intervals of perfect comfort, for six months; then a slight limp developed, which had
Trimodal imaging to identify microscopic foci of signet ring cells in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
Authors: Y. C. Lim, I. Debiram, M. O'Donovan, S. Richardson, S. Dwerryhouse, M. di Pietro, C. Caldas, K. Ragunath, R. Fitzgerald
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients fulfilling the criteria for Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) may undergo endoscopic surveillance to help detect microscopic foci of signet ring cells and guide decisions about prophylactic gastrectomy. Current guidelines suggest a minimum of 30 random gastric biopsies sampled annually in patients fulfilling HDGC criteria. However, the wide distribution and small size of malignant foci makes them difficult to identify. The authors report the first prospective study to examine whether tri-modal imaging can aid detection of microscopic foci. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients fulfilling the criteria for HDGC attended for trimodal imaging endoscopy. A strict protocol was used with N-acetyl cysteine as a mucolytic, the stomach was inspected with white light followed by autofluorescence (AFI) to highlight areas of concern which were then visualised using narrow band imaging (NBI). A single endoscopist performed all procedures and a second endoscopist confirmed all findings at the time. In addition to any targeted biopsies, 24 random biopsies (prepylorus × 4, antrum × 4, t-zone × 6, body × 4, fundus × 4 and cardia × 2) were taken in each case and all specimens were examined by an expert histopathologist. <h3>Results</h3> Between October 2007 to March 2009, a total of 19 patients (7 with confirmed genetic CDH1 mutation) underwent 27 endoscopic surveillance procedures. The most common abnormality seen was pale areas in the antrum (8/27). These could be appreciated with white light endoscopy and were further highlighted with AFI with 2 showing abnormal pit patterns on NBI. Additional targeted biopsies were taken in 16 procedures. A total of 9 cases were positive for signet cells (4 fundus, 3 transitional zone, 1 body and 1 unspecified) 7 of the 9 positive cases were picked up solely on random biopsies. The two positive targeted biopsies were from a pale area at the transitional zone in the same patient who did not wish to undergo gastrectomy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Careful inspection with standard white light and multiple random biopsies will detect microscopic foci in these high risk patients. Trimodal imaging helps delineate pale areas of concern but did not pick up additional foci.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus
Authors: Pravin Khemani, Richard B. Dewey
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Gene transfer by chemical vectors, and endocytosis routes of polyplexes, lipoplexes and lipopolyplexes in a myoblast cell line
Authors: Ludivine Billiet, Jean-Pierre Gomez, Mathieu Berchel, Paul-Alain Jaffrès, Tony Le Gall, Tristan Montier, Emilie Bertrand, Hervé Cheradame, Philippe Guégan, Mathieu Mével, Bruno Pitard, Thierry Benvegnu, Pierre Lehn, Chantal Pichon, Patrick Midoux
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Herpes simplex cervicitis.
Authors: D. C. Hutchfield
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Herpes Simplex Cervicitis SIR, I was particularly interested in Dr. B. Naylor's comments on herpes simplex cervicitis (18 May, p. 428).It is true that an abundance of literature, mainly from North America, has been published on this subject.Since 1957 there have been eight publications, describing 65 cases, in which the virus has been isolated.'-5 However, it was the French physician Rollet who first recorded acute ulceration of the cervix asso- ciated with vaginal discharge, which was thought to be herpetic in origin.' " Dr. Naylor rightly draws attention to the presence of multinucleate giant cells (Tzank cells or virocytes) which may be found in cytological smears taken from cases of herpes simplex cervicitis.' Unless one is aware of their identity these cells may easily be con- fused with abnormal cells found in cancerous and precancerous conditions of the cervix, and their presence may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of malignant change."Recently in Manchester, with the collaboration of my colleague Dr. M. Longson, of the virology department, we have isolated a large pock- forming genital strain of Herpesvirus horninis from a cervix, which has also pro- duced large numbers of syncytia and multi- nucleate giant cells in tissue culture.It would seem to be the strain of virus which mimics carcinoma cell changes and for which cytologists and gynaecologists alike must remain vigilant.This is the first occasion on which an atypical strain of Herpesvirus hominis with such unusual characteristics has been isolated from a cervix, and a full report of the case will shortly be appearing."-I
Erratum to: “Transcription inhibitor actinomycin-D abolishes the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning” [Cardiovascular Research 55 (2002) 602–618]
Authors: Claudia Strohm, Miroslav Barancík, Marie-Luise von Bruehl, Monika Strniskova, Claudia Ullmann, René Zimmermann, Wolfgang Schaper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)
STEPWISE INTRATYPE TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS FROM R TO S BY WAY OF A VARIANT INTERMEDIATE IN CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION
Authors: Colin M. MacLeod, Marjorie R. Krauss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

1. A variant intermediate between the classical R and S forms has been isolated by selective procedures from a rough strain of pneumococcus originally derived from Type II S. 2. The intermediate variant D39/Int53 is avirulent for mice, forms rough colonies, and does not possess a demonstrable capsule. However, it synthesizes SSSII which is immunologically indistinguishable from that produced by fully encapsulated pneumococcus Type II, though in much smaller amount. The polysaccharide is present as a surface component and as it exists in the cell is highly antigenic for rabbits. 3. An extract of the intermediate variant causes the transformation in vitro of an R strain into a variant resembling the intermediate in SSSII production but without any apparent alteration in the colonial characteristics of the R variant. 4. The intermediate variant is convertible in vivo, into a fully encapsulated strain of pneumococcus Type II. Transformation of the intermediate to a heterologous type of pneumococcus (Type III) was unsuccessful. 5. A method is described for the preparation of transforming extracts of pneumococci utilizing the massive growth of the organisms obtained in the presence of a large concentration of glucose.
Support Urged for Syrian Doctors
Authors: Elena O. Nightingale, Eric Stover, David A. Flockhart, Curt Goering
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Medical professionals in Syria have stood up in defense of human rights in their country, and for that stand, many have been arrested. Today the whereabouts of many of those doctors remain unknown. This alarming news is documented in a recent Amnesty International report on the situation of human rights in Syria.1 According to the report, Syrian security forces in 1980 arrested, without charge or trial, 101 physicians, dentists, and veterinarians. The detentions followed a one-day strike on March 31, 1980, by three professional groups — doctors, lawyers, and engineers — to protest the lack of government response to their . . .
Prostate cancer screening: current trends and future implications
Authors: P. J. Littrup, F. Lee, C. Mettlin
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1992)

Screening for prostate cancer represents a clinical dilemma with no clear evidence to suggest decreased mortality from any diagnostic test. We now possess new knowledge regarding optimal combinations of DRE, TRUS, and PSA. While DRE and TRUS may be too subjective and PSA too nonspecific, their combined predictive values identify not only men at high risk but also those for whom continued frequent screening may not be cost effective. A monoclonal PSA decision level of no more than 4.0 ng/ml should be used, since 40 percent of cancers detected from 4.0 to 10.0 ng/ml already have extracapsular extension. Assuming that DRE is performed by experienced examiners, the combination of PSA and DRE should produce cost-effective early detection and minimize missed cancers below 4.0 ng/ml. TRUS should be reserved for those patients with either PSA elevations and/or DRE abnormalities. The use of TRUS gland volume data to further modify PSA decision levels, such as the "predicted" PSA concept, may also improve TRUS biopsy criteria and predictive values. Prostate cancer detection can then be objectively limited to a small percentage of the population and better selected for earlier, more localized disease. The ultimate decrease in mortality from screening remains to be demonstrated in randomized trials or observed only after decades of increased public awareness about prompt early detection combined with effective, definitive therapy.
[264] NEW ETIOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) BY CLASSIFYING ISOLATED ANTIBODY TO HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGEN (ANTI-HBC)-POSITIVE CASES AS A SEPARATE CATEGORY
Authors: B.H. Kim, S.Y. Choi, S.H. Jung, C.K. Lee, S.H. Dong, H.J. Kim, Y.W. Chang, R. Chang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Rehabilitation of the injured knee
Authors: M. L. Harding
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

16may have developed their stress fractures more from repetitive over-use than rapid explosive muscle action on bone.This over-use would have its effect via longitudinal stresses on the bone and studies on such stresses in the normal femur (Koch, 1917) have indicated that maximal tensile stresses occur on the medial side of the upper mid-shaft of the femur and in the femoral neck.The authors thus postulate that an interplay of forces exists between muscular action at their insertions and the longitudinal impact forces through bone both serving to fatigue and fracture the medial femur mid-shaft.The different types of activity highlighted by the different athletes illustrate the ends of the spectrum of biomechanical stress. CONCLUSIONSStress fractures of the medial femoral mid-shaft are being diagnosed in athletes.The authors have noted a feature of the presentation of this condition which has been described for the first time as the "hanging leg" sign.Consideration of the biomechanical factors at play amongst the athletes studies has led to the consideration of muscular forces and longitudinal stress through bone.We believe that it is a combination of these that contributes to the development specifically of medial mid-shaft stress fractures in the femur of the athlete at risk.
The lung mast cell: its physiology and potential relevance to defense of the lung.
Authors: S I Wasserman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The mast cell, located at mucosal surfaces and surrounding venules, is uniquely positioned to respond rapidly to insults to the host by mediating the development of a wide-ranging inflammatory response. Activaton of the mast cell releases preformed granule-associated chemical mediators and generates de novo biologically active materials. The properties of the mast cell mediators permit development of both acute and prolonged inflammatory responses. the immediate response is characterized by edema and the delayed response by leukocyte infiltration and vascular damage. the mast cell mediators responsible for these inflammatory events are characterized functionally. The vasoactive/smooth muscle reactive mediators include preformed histamine and serotonin and newly-generated platelet activating factor, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis and prostaglandins. Chemotactic mediators include eosinophil-selective ECF-A and ECF-oligopeptides, neutrophil-selective NCF, and lipid chemotactic mediators with broad specificity. These factors induce directed migration and localization of leukocytes. The mast cell releases the structural proteoglycan, heparin, which is anticoagulant and inhibits complement. Released mast cell enzymes include chymotryptic and tryptic proteases, arylsulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, and hexosaminidase. The proteolytic enzymes may activate inflammatory pathways while the others degrade ground substance. The capacity of the mast cell to enhance vascular permeability, to cause the influx of regulatory or inflammatory leukocytes, and to provide a variety of active enzymes permits regulation of inflammatory events at the site of tissue injury.
Reduced Physician Surplus
Authors: James Sobel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While preparing a talk for house staff and medical students on the "realities" of the physician surplus, I calculated that the surplus is not likely to occur. The Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) assumed first-year allopathic enrollment would increase 10% from 1978 to 1982 and then reach a steady state.<sup>1</sup>As can be seen in the Table, GMENAC enrollment assumptions were never met. The actual increase from 1978 to 1982 was 3.7%. "Steady-state" projections of enrollment by the medical schools are approximately 16,490 by 1986.<sup>3</sup>This is a difference of 9% between the GMENAC-assumed steady state and medical school— projected steady state. Incidentally, one might argue that GMENAC's call for aggregate reduction in class size has been met. If GMENAC's projection of 535,750 physicians in 1990 represents a 70,000 (69,750) physician surplus, and the assumptions used to create that surplus are inflated approximately
Prevention of reflux from the stomach into the oesophagus
Authors: G. K. Harrison, R. Norton
Journal: Thorax (1969)

The results of operating upon 51 patients suffering from gastric reflux are described. The only apparently effective step in the operation was to fix a portion of the oesophagus in the abdominal cavity. The clinical and radiological studies indicate that the lower oesophagus in the abdomen acts as a valve.