tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pesticide Mixtures, Endocrine Disruption, and Amphibian Declines: Are We Underestimating the Impact?
Authors: Tyrone B. Hayes, Paola Case, Sarah Chui, Duc Chung, Cathryn Haeffele, Kelly Haston, Melissa Lee, Vien Phoung Mai, Youssra Marjuoa, John Parker, Mable Tsui
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Amphibian populations are declining globally at an alarming rate. Pesticides are among a number of proposed causes for these declines. Although a sizable database examining effects of pesticides on amphibians exists, the vast majority of these studies focus on toxicological effects (lethality, external malformations, etc.) at relatively high doses (parts per million). Very few studies focus on effects such as endocrine disruption at low concentrations. Further, most studies examine exposures to single chemicals only. The present study examined nine pesticides (four herbicides, two fungicides, and three insecticides) used on cornfields in the midwestern United States. Effects of each pesticide alone (0.1 ppb) or in combination were examined. In addition, we also examined atrazine and S-metolachlor combined (0.1 or 10 ppb each) and the commercial formulation Bicep II Magnum, which contains both of these herbicides. These two pesticides were examined in combination because they are persistent throughout the year in the wild. We examined larval growth and development, sex differentiation, and immune function in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). In a follow-up study, we also examined the effects of the nine-compound mixture on plasma corticosterone levels in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Although some of the pesticides individually inhibited larval growth and development, the pesticide mixtures had much greater effects. Larval growth and development were retarded, but most significantly, pesticide mixtures negated or reversed the typically positive correlation between time to metamorphosis and size at metamorphosis observed in controls: exposed larvae that took longer to metamorphose were smaller than their counterparts that metamorphosed earlier. The nine-pesticide mixture also induced damage to the thymus, resulting in immunosuppression and contraction of flavobacterial meningitis. The study in X. laevis revealed that these adverse effects may be due to an increase in plasma levels of the stress hormone corticosterone. Although it cannot be determined whether all the pesticides in the mixture contribute to these adverse effects or whether some pesticides are effectors, some are enhancers, and some are neutral, the present study revealed that estimating ecological risk and the impact of pesticides on amphibians using studies that examine only single pesticides at high concentrations may lead to gross underestimations of the role of pesticides in amphibian declines.
A NEW METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS IN CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE SPINAL CORD
Authors: JOSHUA ROSETT
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Among the most difficult tasks confronting the physician is that of differentiating between operable and inoperable affections of the spinal cord. The symptoms of pain, of anesthesia and of hyperalgesia, of disturbances in the function of the bladder and the bowel are frequently misleading; and there is no motor disturbance characterizing disease of the spinal cord proper which may not be brought about as well by pressure on the cord of an adjoining tumor. The method employed by Ayer<sup>1</sup>brings greater certainty to bear on the differential diagnosis of subarachnoid block from disease of the spinal cord proper. It necessitates, however, the introduction of a needle into the cisterna magna and is therefore available only to the skilled surgeon. The injection of an iodized fat into the subarachnoid space in order to facilitate roentgen-ray examination, recently proposed by French neurologists,<sup>2</sup>is likewise mainly by way of the cisterna
BEIGHTON SCORING OF JOINT LAXITY AND INJURY INCIDENCE IN ATHLETIC ADOLESCENT MALES
Authors: A Rajeb, R Whiteley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The prevalence of Generalised Joint Laxity (GJL) in adolescent male athletes along with its relation to injury incidence in a sporting environment are unknown despite commonly held clinical and coaching beliefs. The degree of joint laxity is often measured using the Beighton scale which quantifies the presence of hyperlaxity in 9 clinically applied physical tests giving a score from 0–9. Two clinical categorisations are described defining GJL as a cut-off score of either 4 or 5/9. Purpose To prospectively examine the relation between joint laxity and injury in adolescent athletes participating in contact and, non-contact sports. Methods During routine pre-participation medical screening, 226 adolescent male athletes (mean age: 14.2 years SD: 1.7, Range: 10–18) at a Middle Eastern Athletic Academy had Beighton scores documented both as absolute values, and with both classifications. Athletes were considered as playing contact (Football and Combat sports) and Non-contact sports. Over the ensuing year, injuries related to sporting participation were recorded. Results The greatest relative risk for injury was found to be in participating in a contact sport (HRR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.30–1.92]). Within the entire cohort, there was a very small, non-significant effect of Generalised Joint Laxity on injury incidence; HRR=1.004 (0.95–1.06), and no effect of injury severity according to laxity classification (P&gt;.37). Conclusion: Generalised Joint Laxity is not related to a significantly elevated injury risk, or injury severity for these adolescent male athletes.
The Viavi "Treatment."
Authors: William Brady
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Elmira, N. Y., May 27, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The enclosed letter was written to a woman who had paid the Viavi representative $175 cash in advance for a "course of Viavi." The female representative had diagnosed a "tumor" (!) and had warned the woman to steer clear of any or all physicians, or take her chance on being ordered to the hospital for an operation (horrors!). After having used the "three-fold Viavi cure" for some eight or ten months and feeling somewhat worse, she visited a physician, who failed to find a tumor, but did find a retrodisplacement without adhesions. The symptoms, which had been severe backache, some headache and irritable bladder, were permanently relieved by replacing the uterus and using large tampons for about one week. While no further treatment was given or advised, the patient to-day (May 27, 1907), is in, excellent health and laughs at the suggestion
Factors in the Production of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: J. C. PATERSON
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The recent tendency to accept the syndromes of coronary artery disease as an indication of the presence or relative absence of coronary atherosclerosis in the living patient is open to serious objection. The production of these syndromes would appear to depend, not so much on the degree of coronary atherosclerosis, as on the presence of extraneous factors which precipitate occlusion. Of these factors, hemorrhage into atherosclerotic plaques is of major importance. The etiology of this lesion, and the manner in which it precipitates occlusion, are reviewed.
Present Status of Platelet Aggregation
Authors: A. A. Sharp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IT has been known for many years that, when a blood vessel is damaged, platelet masses form in the lumen of this vessel and partially or totally occlude the flow of blood and hinder or prevent the escape of blood through any breach in the wall of that vessel. Furthermore, there is increasing awareness that platelet masses are important constituents of arterial thrombi. This ability of platelets to adhere to one another, which can be seen in shed blood when it is agitated as it is allowed to clot, is in fact difficult to prevent without elaborate precautions, has tended . . .
Small study effects in meta-analyses of osteoarthritis trials: meta-epidemiological study
Authors: E. Nuesch, S. Trelle, S. Reichenbach, A. W. S. Rutjes, B. Tschannen, D. G. Altman, M. Egger, P. Juni
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the presence and extent of small study effects in clinical osteoarthritis research. <b>Design</b> Meta-epidemiological study. <b>Data sources</b> 13 meta-analyses including 153 randomised trials (41 605 patients) that compared therapeutic interventions with placebo or non-intervention control in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee and used patients’ reported pain as an outcome. <b>Methods</b> We compared estimated benefits of treatment between large trials (at least 100 patients per arm) and small trials, explored funnel plots supplemented with lines of predicted effects and contours of significance, and used three approaches to estimate treatment effects: meta-analyses including all trials irrespective of sample size, meta-analyses restricted to large trials, and treatment effects predicted for large trials. <b>Results</b> On average, treatment effects were more beneficial in small than in large trials (difference in effect sizes −0.21, 95% confidence interval −0.34 to −0.08, P=0.001). Depending on criteria used, six to eight funnel plots indicated small study effects. In six of 13 meta-analyses, the overall pooled estimate suggested a clinically relevant, significant benefit of treatment, whereas analyses restricted to large trials and predicted effects in large trials yielded smaller non-significant estimates. <b>Conclusions</b> Small study effects can often distort results of meta-analyses. The influence of small trials on estimated treatment effects should be routinely assessed.
Treatment of Colleagues
Authors: Hugh E. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Dr Robert Iacono, in his letter to the editor published in the Nov 19, 1982, issue ofThe Journal(1982;248:2448), addresses what can be a real problem—treating colleagues. He strikes to the heart of the matter when he comments that it has been noted that the greatest tragedies in medicine occur when routine is broken. Unfortunately, he then suggests as a possible solution that these routines be broken with multispeciality team[s].  The answer to this is simple and was among many other things taught to me by one of my mentors, Dr Dwight E. Harken. The routine followed during all my years of clinical practice has been to explain to the colleague that he will be admitted to the hospital in a routine manner and will be treated as any other patient by the usual routine measures. In addition, I advise him that he will not be
Cat Leukemia: A Threat to Man?
Authors: Stuart B. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Those who'll play with cats must expect to be scratched. [Cervantes, Don Quixote.]With the advent of winter, shorter, colder days bring families and pets once again indoors together. This increased pet-human contact heightens concern about the pet as a carrier of agents leading to human cancer, especially in view of recent convincing evidence that leukemia is contagious in the second most popular household pet, the domestic cat.Results from two laboratories now demonstrate the horizontal spread of leukemia virus and leukemia-lymphoma from diseased cats to healthy housemates and cage mates.1 , 2 These data stand in sharp contrast to all . . .
Electroacupuncture in fibromyalgia.
Authors: P J Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Electroacupuncture in fibromyalgiaED1TOR,-Several important issues arise from Christophe Deluze and colleagues' paper on electroacupuncture in fibromyalgia.'The use of electroacupuncture rather than ordinary acupuncture in this study is questionable.To treat musculoskeletal pain, manual manipulation of the needles is all that many experienced physicians consider to be necessary.2Indeed, excessive stimulation of the needles may exacerbate the symptoms.This and the unpleasantness of needle insertion (suggesting poor needling technique) led to an unusually high drop out rate in both the group given electroacu- puncture (17%) and the controls (15%) in the study.The authors also seem uncertain about the rationale for selecting acupuncture points; they say that they used "four common acupuncture points," but it is unclear exactly which points these were.The authors claim that "traditional acupuncture points" were used, and the hand point does seem to correspond to the Chinese acupuncture point Hegu (L14).The leg point, however, corresponds only approximately to the Chinese acupuncture point Zusanli (ST36), the location given being inaccurate.This point should be located by using a system of proportional measurement, which allows for differences in the size of patients.The correct distance below the inferior border of the patella is not 5 cm but 3 cun, which corresponds to the width of the patient's four fingers.Needle insertion into the tender points was avoided in this study.In treating myofascial pain, however, the best results are generally considered to be obtained by inserting the needles into the points of maximum tenderness, though electrical stimulation is usually unnecessary.Lastly, the points used in the control group cannot be regarded as suitable: electrical stimula- tion of needles only 2 cm from the real points is unlikely to be without some effect.The true efficacy of acupuncture may have been under- estimated, and further studies of higher quality are needed.
Fever, Flashbulbs, Humps, and Spikes
Authors: HOBART A. REIMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 November 1975Fever, Flashbulbs, Humps, and SpikesHOBART A. REIMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.HOBART A. REIMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-5-740_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A letter (Ann Intern Med 83:84, 1975) adds a new phrase to medical jargon in addition to "fever spike." In its accompanying figure, the depicted febrile bout resembles a dagger more than a goalpost or a spike (daggerfever?). A spike is a large untapered nail. It is doubtful if fever ever rises and falls like the flash of a flashbulb. The "highest daily temperatures" shown in the graph obviously do not portray the whole febrile reaction. If more measurements had been recorded, the fever curve, no doubt, would appear blunted or humped (humpfever?).Two items of information... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HOBART A. REIMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1975Volume 83, Issue 5Page: 740-741KeywordsFallsFeversTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Functional assay of cytotoxic lymphocytes involved in antibody-mediated cytotoxicity in normal and rheumatoid subjects.
Authors: G S Panayi, V Corrigall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Antibody-mediated lymphocyte-induced cytotoxicity (K cell activity) was measured in a system consisting of Chang human liver cells, rabbit anti-Chang antiserum, and Triosil-Ficoll purified human lymphocytes. It was concluded that one K cell probably inactivates or kills one target cell, and that the number of active K cells is similar in the peripheral blood of normal and rheumatoid subjects and is about 0-5%.
1046. Derivation of Functionally Normal Macrophages from Human Embryonic Stem (hES) Cells for HIV-1 Gene Therapy
Authors: Joseph S. Anderson, Sriram Bandi, Dan S. Kaufman, Ramesh Akkina
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) and their derivatives can be utilized for many promising novel therapies. As a first step towards developing stem cell based gene therapy for AIDS using embryonic stem cells, here we evaluated the capacity of hES cell derived CD34 cells to give rise to normal macrophages. Normal and lentiviral vector transduced hES cells were differentiated into CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells by culturing on S17 mouse bone marrow stromal cell layers. The hES-CD34 cells were cultured in cytokine media that promotes macrophage differentiation. Our results have shown differentiation of hES-CD34 cells into phenotypically normal macrophages that displayed characteristic cell surface markers CD14, CD4, CCR5, CXCR4, and HLA-DR. Studies evaluating phagocytosis, upregulation of the costimulatory molecule B7.1, and cytokine secretion in response to LPS stimulation suggested that these macrophages are also functionally normal. When challenged with HIV-1, the differentiated macrophages supported productive viral infection. Lentiviral vector transduced hES cells that expressed the transgene GFP also gave rise to macrophages with normal phenotypic and functional characteristics indicating no vector mediated adverse effects during differentiation. These results demonstrated for the first time that functionally normal mature macrophages can be obtained from hES cells and that they can be used in infectious disease research. Now it is possible to test the utility of hES-CD34 cells for anti-HIV gene transduction and evaluation of the differentiated cells such as macrophages for anti- viral resistance in a gene therapy setting.
Cardiotoxicity of imatinib mesylate: an extremely rare phenomenon or a major side effect?
Authors: J. H W Distler, O. Distler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec) is a small-molecule inhibitor, which blocks selectively the tyrosine kinase activity of c-abl, bcr-abl, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, c-fms and c-kit.1 It is widely used for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukaemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.2,3 Imatinib might also become a novel therapeutic option for pulmonary arterial hypertension.4 Furthermore, imatinib is a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug, and might be a promising candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis.5,6

Kerkela et al 7 recently reported on 10 patients who developed congestive heart failure after taking imatinib mesylate. Histological evaluation of cardiac …
The new vicious circle of malnutrition and nutraceuticals
Authors: A. Bhurtyal
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I agree with Spence that nutritious local foods are better than medicated foods.1

In developing countries such as Nepal a high proportion of children and women continue to have protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Obesity and related chronic conditions are increasing, probably because of the growing …
THE RADIATION OF PAIN IN LESIONS OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE
Authors: M. Marcus
Journal: BMJ (1923)

housee-she was found to be collapsed with severe abdomninal pain, whichi, she said, began in the right hypochondriac region, radiating across the abdomen and up to the richt shoulder-blade.She had had several loose motions and-vomited several times, mostly a bile stained fluid.Examihation showed marked tenderness at the level of the tenth rib on the riht.side, aind palpation caused pain to be felt in the back.There was-a sensation of a tumouir in the region of the gall bladder, but this was somewbat indefinite owing to the thickness of fat of the -abdominal wall.There was no jaunidice; DO tenidern'ess over the appendix.The breath sounds over the chest were normal.Temperature 990, pulse 100.A provisional diagnosis was made of a distended gall bladder (probably mucocele) with passage of gall stonies into the common duct.Operation was advised, bat the patient decided to wait evenits for a day or so.She was therefore treated on February 11th and 12th with fomentations and bromides, with no relief to symptoms of pain.Temperature 980, pulse 100.On February.13th, finding she was not improving, and before agreeing to an operation, she desired a consultatio !, and accord- ingly was seen by Mr. H.F. Vellacott.He agreed with the diagnosis made atnd advised immediate operation.The patient
Urinary Leucocyte Excretion in African Subjects
Authors: R. T. Marcus
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Amphetamine PrescribingSIR,-Scarcely a day passes without news of another drug haul from a chemist's shop.Thousands of tablets are stolen, and the majority are probably amphetamines.A glance at the Proprietary Drug Lists will show there are at least twenty-two pre- parations containing amphetamine alone or in combination with other drugs.Many are virtually identical and some preparations appear both as central nervous system stimulants and sedatives and tranquillizers.The chemist is obliged to keep a fairly large stock in order to meet all requirements.It is not necessary to reiterate the undesirability of these drugs being self-administered nor the consequent dangers of addiction, of toxic effects, and of antisocial behaviour, and yet the illegal use of amphetamines is increasing and constitutes a serious problem, and the stocks available in the chemists are one important source of supply.How much do we contribute to this prob- lem by continuing to prescribe the drug when its use is unnecessary or outdated ?It is my belief that all these preparations could be scrapped with very little loss to the medical armamentarium.For mild depression there
A Water Deprivation Test for the Differential Diagnosis of Polyuria
Authors: Alfred M. Dashe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A relatively simple, standardized 6 1/2 hour water deprivation test is described which adequately differentiates disorders of the neurohypophyseal-hypothalamic system from primary polydipsia. Normal subjects are characterized by an initial serum osmolality between 273 and 293 milliosmoles (mOsm) per kilogram by remarkable constancy of the serum osmolality throughout the 6 1/2 hours and by a urine-to-serum osmolality ratio of 1.9 or greater. Individuals with diabetes insipidus show loss of this homeostatic mechanism to a variable degree. All patients with diabetes insipidus demonstrate defective urinary concentrating capacity. Those patients with diabetes insipidus severe enough to require vasopressin therapy invariably show serum osmolar concentrations of 300 mOsm/kg or greater by the end of the test. Individuals with primary polydipsia demonstrate stability of serum osmolality at normal or slightly below normal levels, while urinary osmolality at the end of the test period is within normal limits.
Pneumonitis in Rabies?
Authors: SIGURDS JANNERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 October 1972Pneumonitis in Rabies?SIGURDS JANNERS, M.D.SIGURDS JANNERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-4-660_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The excellent case report by Hattwick and colleagues ("Recovery from Rabies,"Ann Intern Med76:931-942, 1972) leaves me with one question. Do they have any data, other than the blood gas values, to support the diagnosis of pneumonitis and rule out other possible explanations, such as atelectasis, oxygen toxicity, pulmonary edema, thromboembolism, and aspiration?...Reference1. HATTWICKHOCHBERGLANDRIGAN MFP: Skunk-associated human rabies. JAMA. In press Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe clinical picture of rabies in man 1 October 1972Volume 77, Issue 4Page: 660-660KeywordsBloodEdemaOxygenPneumonitisPulmonary embolismRabiesToxicity Issue Published: 1 October 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparison of gene expression efficiency and innate immune response induced by Ad vector and lipoplex
Authors: Haruna Sakurai, Fuminori Sakurai, Kenji Kawabata, Tomomi Sasaki, Naoya Koizumi, Haiying Huang, Katsuhisa Tashiro, Shinnosuke Kurachi, Shinsaku Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)