tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angioplasty is cheaper than surgery and is just as effective
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Percutaneous coronary intervention, also known as angioplasty, is as effective as coronary artery bypass grafting in treating patients with refractory angina who are at high risk of adverse outcomes, a new US study has concluded. It found that over five years angioplasty is nearly 20% cheaper.

An earlier study had randomised high risk patients with medically refractory myocardial ischaemia—a group of patients who have largely been excluded from previous trials—to urgent revascularisation with either angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting.

Results for the 454 patients, who were recruited from 16 medical centres of the US Department of Veterans Affairs, showed that survival at three years …
A transient frenzy?
Authors: G. Adshead
Journal: BMJ (1998)

“Deadly Secrets”, a QED documentary on 5 August examines the issue of neonaticide. Gwen Adshead says there is still some way to go in understanding the motivations behind this human tragedy.     

In 1902 Dr John Baker, a physician superintendent of Broadmoor Hospital, had this to say about women who kill their newborn children: “This class of crime perpetrated by insane women has not attracted the attention it deserves; the literature on the subject is scanty in the extreme; … the mental causes are insidiously at work for many weeks … it may be called transient frenzy.”

Nearly 100 years later, QED says much the same thing. The programme contrasts two cases of young women: American Twyana, who abandoned her neonatal daughter and then summoned help anonymously, and British Kate, whose baby died and who was only discovered (apparently) when she tried to dispose of the body four weeks later. The programme did not make clear whether Kate had killed the child directly or indirectly, by neglect; both …
Immune complexes in sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radioimmunoassay with monocylonal rheumatoid factor.
Authors: H S Luthra, F C McDuffie, G G Hunder, E A Samayoa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Evidence for the presence of immune complexes in blood, synovial fluid, and tisues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes low complement levels in blood and effusions, deposition of immunoreactants in tissues and vessel walls, precipitate formation after addition of monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) to serum or synovial fluid. To quantitate immune complex-like material in RA patients, we developed a radioimmunoassay based on inhibition by test samples of the interaction of (125I)aggregated IgG (agg IgG) and mRF coupled to cellulose. This method could measure immune complexes of human antibody with hemocyanine prepared in vitro. The assay was not influenced by presence of polyclonal RF in test samples, nor by freezing and thawing. Normal levels of immune complex-like material in serum were less than 25 mug agg IgG EQ/ML. 12 of 51 RA sera examined (26%) contained more than 25 mug/ml. The presence of this material in RA sera was found to correlate with severity of disease, as measured by anatomical stage and functional class. There was an inverse correlation of the material with serum C4 level. Rheumatoid synovial fluids generally contained higher levels than serum, and five of 23 contained very much higher levels. The frequency of elevated levels of immune complex-like material in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2 of 29) and with miscellaneous vasculitides (2 of 21 was much lower than in RA, suggesting that mRF exhibits a specificity for only certain kinds of immune complexes. The reason for this apparent specificity may explain such distinctive features of RA as the high frequency of polyclonal RF, the lack of immune complex nephritis, and the generally normal levels of serum complement.
Evaluation of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of motor vehicle emissions in short-term bioassays.
Authors: J Lewtas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Incomplete combustion of fuel in motor vehicles results in the emission of submicron carbonaceous particles which, after cooling and dilution, contain varying quantities of extractable organic constituents. These organics are mutagenic in bacteria. Confirmatory bioassays in mammalian cells provide the capability of detecting chromosomal and DNA damage in addition to gene mutations. In order to evaluate the mutagenicity of these organics in mammalian cells, extractable organics from particle emissions from several diesel and gasoline vehicles were compared in a battery of microbial, mammalian cell and in vivo bioassays. The mammalian cell mutagenicity bioassays were selected to detect gene mutations, DNA damage, and chromosomal effects. Carcinogenesis bioassays conducted included short-term assays for oncogenic transformation and skin tumorigenesis. The results in different assay systems are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. Good quantitative correlations were observed between several mutagenesis and carcinogenesis bioassays for this series of diesel and gasoline emissions.
The Vaccine Book
Authors: D. S. Burke
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The public neglect of rheumatic diseases: insights from analyses of attendees in a musculoskeletal disease awareness activity
Authors: K. P Machold, M. D Koller, S. Pflugbeil, C. Zimmermann, E. Wagner, U. Stuby, D. Aletaha, T. A Stamm, F. Mayrhofer, A. Dunky, J. Hermann, W. Ilias, J. S Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

To obtain data on the care received by individuals counselled during a public health awareness campaign on painful musculoskeletal conditions (MSC).Easy non-formal access to rheumatologists/pain specialists was offered using a mobile unit (Rheuma-Bus) at widely accessible sites. Clients were asked to assess their severity of pain using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Age, gender, disease duration, diagnosis if known, current and previous treatment as well as tentative diagnoses assigned and recommendations given to each individual by the counselling physicians were recorded.Average (SD) VAS pain rating was 59 (20.6) mm. Approximately 40% of clients had never consulted a physician for their condition before, but had lower pain scores than those who had seen a physician. Patients with inflammatory MSC had higher pain scores than those with non-inflammatory conditions. More than 2% of the clients had a newly detected inflammatory rheumatic disease.Many individuals having painful MSC seek medical help only when a very high threshold of pain is reached. Even while under treatment, the high mean pain scores suggest neglect of MSC that are not adequately recognised as important contributors to disability and decreased quality of life.
Sustained and Complete Phenotype Correction of Hemophilia B Mice Following Intramuscular Injection of AAV1 Serotype Vectors
Authors: Hengjun Chao, Paul E. Monahan, Yuanbo Liu, R.Jude Samulski, Christopher E. Walsh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

We previously reported that direct intramuscular injection of non-serotype-2 AAV vectors, especially AAV serotype 1 (AAV1), resulted in expression of supranormal levels of canine F9 in immunodeficient mice. Here we test the ability of the AAV1-F9 vector to deliver sustained expression and correction of factor IX (FIX) deficiency in genetically engineered hemophilic mice. Intramuscular injection of AAV1-F9 resulted in 100–1000 times more canine F9 in plasma of recombinant AAV1-F9 mice compared with injection of AAV2-F9. Assessment of clotting activity by activated partial thromboplastin time confirmed that circulating canine FIX was indeed functional. Moreover, phenotypic correction assayed by tail clip challenge resulted in survival of all AAV1-F9 treated animals, in contrast to naive mice and 50% of AAV2-treated hemophilia B mice, which failed to survive. Administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) was required to suppress formation of anti-canine FIX antibodies for AAV2-treated animals, whereas it was dispensable for those treated with AAV1-F9. This difference in immunogenicity further emphasizes the usefulness of serotype-specific vectors. Finally, we report that correction of the hemophilia phenotype using AAV1-F9 was complete and persistent (over 8 months), a result that underscores the value of continued exploration of alternative AAV serotype vectors.
Endobronchial HIV associated lymphoma.
Authors: T C Keys, M A Judson, C E Reed, S A Sahn
Journal: Thorax (1994)

A 27 year old HIV infected man presented with two days of haemoptysis. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a large carinal mass partially obstructing the left and right main stem bronchi. Rigid bronchoscopy was required to make the diagnosis of large cell immunoblastic lymphoma.
Abstract B81: Angiomodulin (AGM/IGFBP-rP1) is overexpressed in tumor vasculature and regulates adhesion of vascular endothelial cells via integrin αvβ3: Possible roles in tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Kaoru Miyazaki, Eriko Komiya, Hiroki Sato, Yohei Miyagi, Shouichi Higashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Angiomodulin (AGM) is a member of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) superfamily and often called IGFBP-rP1. Our past studies identified this protein as a tumor-derived cell adhesion factor (TAF) that is highly accumulated in blood vessels of human cancer tissues (PNAS 93:8384, 1996). Recently we found that AGM is overexpressed in not only vasculature but also stromal fibroblasts in some human cancers (Cancer Sci 4:691, 2012). AGM stimulates the growth of fibroblasts and their expression of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin, inducing their morphological change to a myofibroblast-like shape. It is supposed that AGM activates cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and increases cancer stroma. In contrast to these findings, tumor-suppressing activity of AGM has been reported by other studies. To clarify the roles of AGM in tumor progression, we here investigated the distribution of AGM in benign and invasive breast cancers and its regulatory factors and biological activities. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that AGM was greatly expressed in tumor vasculature even in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as compared to normal vasculature, while its expression in CAFs was more prominent in invasive carcinomas than DCIS. In vitro analyses showed that AGM was markedly induced by VEGF in vascular endothelial cells but by TGF-β in fibroblasts. Although AGM did not significantly affect the growth of endothelial cells, it potently promoted the adhesion of endothelial cells through integrins. Experiments with neutral anti-integrin antibodies revealed that the cell adhesion activity was mediated mainly by integrin αvβ3 and weakly by integrin α2β1. AGM induced cytoskeletal change in endothelial cells. Furthermore, AGM and integrin αvβ3 were colocalized at high levels in tumor vasculature. These results suggest that AGM regulates angiogenesis and other vascular functions as a ligand of integrin αvβ3 in cancer tissues. The data also indicate that AGM is induced by different mechanisms and plays different roles in tumor progression between CAFs and vasculature. Citation Format: Kaoru Miyazaki, Eriko Komiya, Hiroki Sato, Yohei Miyagi, Shouichi Higashi. Angiomodulin (AGM/IGFBP-rP1) is overexpressed in tumor vasculature and regulates adhesion of vascular endothelial cells via integrin αvβ3: Possible roles in tumor angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B81.
REPORT OF A FEW CASES OF APPENDICITIS.
Authors: O. W. BRAYMER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I shall only report the histories of a few cases that have recently come under my care and not undertake to give an extensive digest of the history of appendicitis and its treatment. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —T. R., male, aged 17 years, a farm hand, had been taken at about 8 A.M. with severe cramp-like pains in the abdomen, on the right side, low down, two days before coming to the Cooper Hospital. On the day I first saw him he was suffering great pain in the right iliac region. There was some distention of the abdomen, a history of constipation, a tendency to lie with the right thigh flexed on the abdomen, marked tenderness over the region of the appendix, together with tension of the abdominal muscles of the right side, and a mass could be outlined beneath the muscular wall in this region. There was some rise of temperature
Lithium Carbonate Toxicity
Authors: Fernando A. Herrero
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Lithium carbonate therapy, uncomplicated by other factors, can give rise to a deep coma even if the serum levels of lithium are within the desired range. A patient with manic depressive disease, having been treated with lithium carbonate for less than a year, developed progressive impairment of consciousness. A few days after the medication was discontinued, the patient had a slow but complete recovery. Lithium accumulation in the brain is postulated.
Ancillary Indicators in Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Immunoreactive insulin assays do not always indicate the serum concentration of insulin secreted by the patient's pancreas. In insulin-treated diabetic patients, circulating endogenous insulin antibodies compete with antibodies for the added labeled hormone. The immunoassay may then fail to detect a coexisting insulinoma or to diagnose a factitious hypoglycemia induced by surreptitious insulin injections. In these situations a "collateral," less direct approach such as measurement of correlated connecting (C)-peptide concentration may be more revealing. C-peptide, which forms the connecting link between alpha and beta chains of the proinsulin molecule, is released from the beta cells into the circulatory system when proinsulin is converted into insulin. Secreted in equimolar quantities with insulin, the peptide follows a different metabolic route, but retains a reproducible correlation with insulin. Its determination thus provides a truer reflection of endogenous insulin concentration than the insulin radioimmunoassay. Used as an index of beta-cell function, the response of
Postgraduate medical education and training in the UK
Authors: J. Tooke
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Time for action

As David Greenaway’s report on the future shape of postgraduate medical education and training makes clear,1 this is the sixth report in the United Kingdom in as many years in the wake of the failings in Modernising Medical Careers.2 All reports start from the premise that changes to the current system will be necessary to meet evolving healthcare needs. Our reluctance to adopt changes that have a broad consensus reflects at worst vested self interest in the status quo and at best an innate professional conservatism and a desire to sustain those attributes of a doctor that have served medicine well in the past.

However, reluctance to change also reflects the inherent uncertainty in predicting the future and the length of time before the outcome of profound change is evident. The fundamental problem is how we can provide rigorous, quality assured education that equips doctors with the desired range of capabilities to meet current healthcare needs without having to redesign the system every few years. The report makes it clear that “broad based beginnings” and flexibility are key to avoiding the snakes and ladders of returning to basic training if …
Combined pancreas and kidney transplantation normalizes protein metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetic-uremic patients.
Authors: L Luzi, A Battezzati, G Perseghin, E Bianchi, I Terruzzi, D Spotti, S Vergani, A Secchi, E La Rocca, G Ferrari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In order to assess the combined and separate effects of pancreas and kidney transplant on whole-body protein metabolism, 9 insulin-dependent diabetic-uremic patients (IDDUP), 14 patients after combined kidney-pancreas transplantation (KP-Tx), and 6 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with isolated kidney transplant (K-Tx), were studied in the basal postabsorptive state and during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (study 1). [1-14C]Leucine infusion and indirect calorimetry were utilized to assess leucine metabolism. The subjects were studied again with a combined infusion of insulin and amino acids, given to mimic postprandial amino acid levels (study 2). In the basal state, IDDUP demonstrated with respect to normal subjects (CON): (a) higher free-insulin concentration (17.8 +/- 2.8 vs. 6.8 +/- 1.1 microU/ml, P < 0.01) (107 +/- 17 vs. 41 +/- 7 pM); (b) reduced plasma leucine (92 +/- 9 vs. 124 +/- 2 microM, P < 0.05), branched chain amino acids (BCAA) (297 +/- 34 vs. 416 +/- 10 microM, P < 0.05), endogenous leucine flux (ELF) (28.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 39.5 +/- 0.7 mumol.m-2.min-1, P < 0.01) and nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD) (20.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 32.0 +/- 0.7 mumol.m-2. min-1, P < 0.01); (c) similar leucine oxidation (LO) (8.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.1 mumol.m-2.min-1; P = NS). Both KP-Tx and K-Tx patients showed a complete normalization of plasma leucine (116 +/- 5 and 107 +/- 9 microM), ELF (38.1 +/- 0.1 and 38.5 +/- 0.9 mumol.m-2.min-1), and NOLD (28.3 +/- 0.6 and 31.0 +/- 1.3 mumol.m-2.min-1) (P = NS vs, CON). During hyperinsulinemia (study 1), IDDUP showed a defective decrease of leucine (42% vs. 53%; P < 0.05), BCAA (38% vs. 47%, P < 0.05), ELF (28% vs. 33%, P < 0.05), and LO (0% vs. 32%, P < 0.05) with respect to CON. Isolated kidney transplant reverted the defective inhibition of ELF (34%, P = NS vs. CON) of IDDUP, but not the inhibition of LO (18%, P < 0.05 vs. CON) by insulin. Combined kidney and pancreas transplanation normalized all kinetic parameters of insulin-mediated protein turnover. During combined hyperinsulinemia and hyperaminoacidemia (study 2), IDDUP showed a defective stimulation of NOLD (27.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 36.1 +/- 0.8 mumol.m-2.min-1, P < 0.01 compared to CON), which was normalized by transplantation (44.3 +/- 0.8 mumol.m-2.min-1).
Fluoroquinolone-Resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> Isolates from Conventional and Antibiotic-Free Chicken Products
Authors: Lance B. Price, Elizabeth Johnson, Rocio Vailes, Ellen Silbergeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The use of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in poultry production is an important issue in public health today. In February 2002, two prominent U.S. poultry companies pledged to stop using FQs for flock-wide treatment. One year later, we began a survey of Campylobacter isolates on chicken products from these two companies and from two producers claiming total abstention from antibiotic use. Using both standard isolation methods and new methods modified to enhance detection of FQ-resistant Campylobacter, we compared rates of FQ-resistant Campylobacter among these products. Four major findings were drawn from this study: a) antibiotic-free brands were not more likely to be contaminated with Campylobacter; b) a high percentage of products from the two conventional brands were contaminated with FQ-resistant Campylobacter (43 and 96%); c) these conventional brands had significantly higher odds of carrying resistant strains compared with antibiotic-free products; and d) supplementing media with FQs increased the sensitivity of detecting FQ-resistant strains among mixed populations of Campylobacter, thus reducing a bias toward underestimating the prevalence of FQ-resistant Campylobacter on samples. These results suggest that FQ resistance may persist in the commercial poultry environment in the absence of FQ-selective pressure and that these strains contaminate a larger proportion of foods than reported previously.
An office-based intervention to maintain parent-adolescent teamwork in diabetes management. Impact on parent involvement, family conflict, and subsequent glycemic control.
Authors: B J Anderson, J Brackett, J Ho, L M Laffel
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To design and evaluate an office-based intervention aimed at maintaining parent-adolescent teamwork in diabetes management tasks without increasing diabetes-related family conflict. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 85 patients (aged 10-15 years, mean 12.6 years) with type 1 diabetes (mean duration 5.5 years; mean HbA1c 8.5%) who were randomly assigned to one of three study groups--teamwork, attention control, and standard care--and followed for 24 months. At each visit, parent involvement in insulin administration and blood glucose monitoring was assessed. The teamwork and attention control interventions were integrated into routine ambulatory visits over the first 12 months (four medical visits). Measures of diabetes-related family conflict were collected at baseline and after 12 months. All patients were followed for an additional 12 months with respect to glycemic control. RESULTS: In the teamwork group, there was no major deterioration (0%) in parent involvement in insulin administration, in contrast to 16% major deterioration in the combined comparison (attention control and standard care) group (P &amp;lt; 0.03). Similarly, no teamwork families showed major deterioration in parent involvement with blood glucose monitoring versus 11% in the comparison group (P &amp;lt; 0.07). On both the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale and the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist, teamwork families reported significantly less conflict at 12 months. An analysis of HbA1c over the 12- to 24-month follow-up period indicated that more adolescents in the teamwork group (68%) than in the comparison group (47%) improved their HbA1c (P &amp;lt; 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that parent involvement in diabetes management tasks can be strengthened through a low-intensity intervention integrated into routine follow-up diabetes care. Moreover, despite increased engagement between teen and parent centered around diabetes tasks, the teamwork families showed decreased diabetes-related family conflict. Within the context of a broader cultural recognition of the protective function of parent involvement in the lives of adolescents, the findings of this study reinforce the potential value of a parent-adolescent partnership in managing chronic disease.
Low Phytoestrogen Levels in Feed Increase Fetal Serum Estradiol Resulting in the “Fetal Estrogenization Syndrome” and Obesity in CD-1 Mice
Authors: Rachel L. Ruhlen, Kembra L. Howdeshell, Jiude Mao, Julia A. Taylor, Franklin H. Bronson, Retha R. Newbold, Wade V. Welshons, Frederick S. vom Saal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Although estrogenic chemicals can disrupt development of the reproductive system, there is debate about whether phytoestrogens in soy are beneficial, benign, or harmful.