tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol and Children
Authors: Lewis A. Barness
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THOUGH the epidemiologic relationship of elevated serum cholesterol levels to the development of arteriosclerosis is strong, the relationship of dietary cholesterol to serum cholesterol is less certain. Attempts at dietary restriction of cholesterol-containing foods alone are often accompanied by small or negligible decreases in serum cholesterol levels,<sup>1</sup>though restriction of intake of fat with cholesterol has been moderately successful in animals.<sup>2</sup>In those with defined errors in lipoprotein metabolism, in which the error is in intracellular transport of cholesterol, diet alone is also usually ineffective.<sup>3,4</sup> The pediatrician is faced with several problems simultaneously: the diet composition for the infant, child, and adolescent, the distribution of fats in the diet, the diagnosis and treatment of the child with a family history of early arteriosclerosis, and the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA).<sup>5</sup> As for the diet of the infant, it seems reasonable to consider breast milk
Pediatric AIDS-Related Myocarditis:
Authors: SAM T. AURINGER, THOMAS E. SUMNER, ROBERT J. COWAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 10-month-old boy with AIDS presented with fever, grunting, diarrhea, and irritability. Plain radiography revealed progressive enlargement of the cardiopericardial silhouette, clear lung fields, a small left pleural effusion, and hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasound revealed cardiac enlargement, a small pericardial effusion, and hepatomegaly. Gallium imaging excluded recurrent Pneumocystis carlnii pneumonia and revealed intense cardiac uptake. The child died suddenly from a cardiac dysrhythmia. Emergent pericardiocentesis and other cultures were negative for pathogens. Autopsy was not performed. The etiology of pediatric HIV-associated myocarditis remains unknown. Infectious pathogens are rarely isolated. Associated small sterile pericardial effusions are frequent.
Albumin levels predict survival in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Ming Liu, Chin‐Pang Chan, Bryan P. Yan, Qing Zhang, Yat‐Yin Lam, Rui‐Jie Li, John E. Sanderson, Andrew J.S. Coats, Jing‐Ping Sun, Gabriel Wai‐Kwok Yip, Cheuk‐Man Yu
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Smoking and Traffic Accidents
Authors: David S. Bachman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recent articles inThe Journal(<b>201</b>:861, 1967;<b>203</b>: 1100, 1968; and<b>205</b>:266, 1968) reaffirm the well-established relationship between drinking and traffic accidents. Studies have not, however, determined the effect of another popular pastime: smoking while driving. Certainly there are good reasons to incriminate smoking as a potential etiological factor in traffic accidents. Smoke and ashes cause irritation, tearing, and frequent blinking; thus impairing vision. The distraction of lighting a cigarette, or of searching for dropped ashes, can be a serious impediment to safe driving. Furthermore, smoking removes one hand from the wheel, thus reducing the driver's ability to maneuver the automobile, especially on sudden or sharp turns. Future investigations should make every effort to determine the importance of smoking as a cause of traffic accidents, because it would be quite amenable to both legislation and public education.
Factors XI and XII and Prekallikrein in Sick and Healthy Premature Infants
Authors: Maureen Andrew, Mahdu Bhogal, Margaret Karpatkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

PREMATURE infants have markedly decreased levels of factors XI and XII and prekallikrein, which play an important part in the initiation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, kinin generation, and complement activation.1 The mechanisms responsible for the low levels of these factors are unknown. Our study shows that in healthy infants, the biologic activity of factors XI and XII and prekallikrein correlates with gestational age and postnatal age, that poor clinical status further depresses these factors and prevents a normal postnatal rise, and that a dysfunctional molecule is partly responsible for the decreased factor XII activity.MethodsAll premature infants admitted to . . .
Novel severe hemophilia A and moyamoya (SHAM) syndrome caused by Xq28 deletions encompassing F8 and BRCC3 genes
Authors: Szymon Janczar, Anna Fogtman, Marta Koblowska, Dobromila Baranska, Agata Pastorczak, Olga Wegner, Magdalena Kostrzewska, Pawel Laguna, Maciej Borowiec, Wojciech Mlynarski
Journal: Blood (2014)
Advisory committee on borderline substances.
Authors: B Clayton
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Background/Aim: Due to its abilities of substance adsorption and intracellular transportation, hydroxyapatite is a potential carrier in drug delivery systems (DDS). This in vitro study investigated whether newly-developed, highly-dispersive calcined hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with an average grain diameter of 20 nm (nano-SHAP) were suitable as a DDS for the drugs zoledronic acid (ZA), cisplatin, and carboplatin. Material and Methods: The effects of drug-bearing nano-SHAP on cell proliferation were assessed using three human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HSC-4, KOSC, and SAS) and one human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Results: Nano-SHAP alone did not affect proliferation of any cell line until a concentration of 1 μg/ml was reached. Although the effective concentration of ZA in ZA-bearing nano-SHAP differed, it inhibited cell proliferation better than ZA alone. Cisplatin and carboplatin-bearing nano-SHAP had the same effect as these drugs alone. Conclusion: The nano-SHAP system is of potential use as a drug delivery system.
The future of tobacco
Authors: Nigel Gray
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Tobacco is a perpetually controversial topic. It causes millions of deaths every year and will continue to do so as addiction to nicotine spreads in developing countries in the most popular form of its delivery, the cigarette.

The history of the public health war against tobacco is filled with victories and losses. Many of the victories, such as advertising bans, have been pyrrhic, in that restrictions that fall short of full eradication have been circumvented, and successful marketing has continued through means that are uncontrolled by national parliaments—Formula One motor racing is a good example. Attempts to regulate tobacco as a drug have failed in the United States and have not been seriously attempted elsewhere, although the European Union has some limited restrictions on tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. Canada requires disclosure of the constituents of smoke but applies no restrictive regulations.

The decline in the prevalence of smoking is depressingly slow. The smokable forms of the drug are still used by between a quarter and a half of adults in most countries, and use is increasing among women. Although …
Hepatic inclusions during interferon therapy in chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: Zsuzsa Schaff, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Philip M. Grimley
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Two types of cytomembranous abnormalities were identified for the first time in liver biopsies from patients with chronic active type B hepatitis during treatment with recombinant α-interferon. Tubuloreticular inclusions were present in the hepatic endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and perisinusoidal cells of liver biopsies from both patients, and they were absent in liver biopsies obtained before treatment. Cylindrical confronting lamellae, having “test tube” or “ring-shape” forms were observed in the cytoplasm both of Kupffer cells and macrophages in the second liver biopsy of one of the patients. The findings suggest that interferon can be involved in the pathogenesis of both cytomembranous abnormalities, but that additional biological factors may play a role in formation of the cylindrical confronting lamellae.
Chemotherapy near end of life is linked with greater emergency intervention
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Patients who are terminally ill with cancer who have chemotherapy in the last months of life are more likely to undergo resuscitation and die in an intensive care unit than in a hospice or at home, a study has found.

Researchers from Boston and New York in the United States investigated the impact of using chemotherapy in the months before death after previous studies highlighted the fact that oncologists often delay discussing patients’ options for dying.

Previous research has also linked the use of chemotherapy within two weeks of death with higher rates of hospitalisation, although only 6% of patients receive chemotherapy this late.

The researchers investigated the …
The case against
Authors: S. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1997)

As components of democracy, the health authorities currently responsible for the local governance of the NHS are a nonsense. As Regan and Stewart pointed out 25 years ago,1 their quasi-independent statutory existence precludes clear accountability on the part of the political centre yet without (as in the old nationalised industries) providing a clearly delegated management role, and without providing local democratic accountability. Health authorities, especially given recent suspicions surrounding the closed nature of the appointments process, are truly examples of Stewart's “new magistracy”2: unelected, unaccountable, and tacitly assumed to refrain from challenging the status quo.

The rationing of health care is inevitable in any system of third party payment for health care,3 4 and where the system is publicly or quasipublicly financed rationing decisions are political decisions in the sense both of requiring accountability for public funds and of involving the allocation of resources which may significantly affect people's life chances. This remains so whether or not they are taken on party political lines and whether or not they involve substantial technical input (about, for instance, the efficacy of specific health care interventions).

It follows that health authorities are not appropriate bodies to be making such decisions. As Regan and Stewart noted more generally, the consequences of the present arrangements are threefold.1 Firstly, the centralisation of electoral accountability means that in practice there is none. The centre does not have “the time or resources to provide more than partial, selective and spasmodic accountability.” Secondly, the attempt even to provide that much leads to administrative and political congestion. Thirdly, these arrangements leave a highly unsatisfactory role for the people who are appointed as authority members. If all this is so, reform in relation to healthcare rationing might logically take one of two directions.

One is to …
NALORPHINE (NALLINE) ANTAGONISM TO RACEMORPHAN (DROMORAN) INTOXICATION
Authors: Edward F. Domino
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Experiments with laboratory animals indicate that nalorphine (Nalline) is effective in antagonizing most of the effects of morphine, codeine, dihydromorphinone (Dilaudid), metopon, methadone, and meperidine (Demerol). Successful clinical use of nalorphine to antagonize the respiratory depression caused by morphine, dihydromorphinone, methadone, and meperidine has been reported. Chase, Boyd, and Andrews have reported successful treatment of dihydromorphinone and racemorphan poisoning with nalorphine. We have had the opportunity to confirm the dramatic efficacy of nalorphine in another case of racemorphan intoxication. The unusual circumstances involved in this case permit the drawing of certain conclusions concerning the pharmacological activity of both racemorphan and nalorphine.  REPORT OF A CASE  A 54-year-old white woman entered the hospital in December, 1952, because of generalized carcinomatosis. Six months previously she had been treated for carcinoma of the uterus with radium implants and subsequent total hysterectomy. For a month prior to admission she had been bedridden and had
Medical Management After Coronary Stent Implantation
Authors: Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Vishal G. Patel, Subhash Banerjee
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stents is currently the most commonly performed coronary revascularization procedure; hence, optimizing post-PCI outcomes is important for all physicians treating such patients.To review the contemporary literature on optimal medical therapy after PCI.We performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for manuscripts on medical therapy after PCI, published between 2000 and February 2013. Bibliographies of the retrieved studies were searched by hand for other relevant studies. Priority was given to data from large randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Of the 6852 publications retrieved, 91 were included.Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor (eg, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor) reduces the risk of stent thrombosis and subsequent cardiovascular events post-PCI (number needed to treat, 33-53) and is the current standard of care. Aspirin should be continued indefinitely and low dose (75-100 mg daily) is preferred over higher doses. A P2Y12 inhibitor should be administered for 12 months after PCI, unless the patient is at high risk for bleeding; however, ongoing studies are assessing the value of shorter or longer duration of P2Y12 inhibitor administration. In patients with acute coronary syndromes, prasugrel and ticagrelor further reduce cardiovascular ischemic events compared with clopidogrel but are associated with higher bleeding risk. If possible, noncardiac surgery should be delayed until 12 months after coronary stenting. Patients receiving coronary stents who require warfarin are at high risk for bleeding if they also receive dual antiplatelet therapy. Omission of aspirin may be advantageous in such patients. Routine platelet function or genetic testing is currently not recommended to tailor antiplatelet therapy after PCI.Dual antiplatelet therapy remains the cornerstone of medical therapy after PCI. Continuous advances in pharmacotherapy can further enhance our capacity to improve outcomes in this high-risk patient group.
Revised response criteria for polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: an ELN and IWG-MRT consensus project
Authors: Giovanni Barosi, Ruben Mesa, Guido Finazzi, Claire Harrison, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Eva Lengfelder, Mary F. McMullin, Francesco Passamonti, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Carlos Besses, Heinz Gisslinger, Jan Samuelsson, Srdan Verstovsek, Ronald Hoffman, Animesh Pardanani, Francisco Cervantes, Ayalew Tefferi, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: Blood (2013)
Synovial Cyst of Sternoclavicular Joint as Mediastinal Mass
Authors: J. MICHAEL GRELIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 October 1975Synovial Cyst of Sternoclavicular Joint as Mediastinal MassJ. MICHAEL GRELIER, M.D., JOE G. HARDIN, M.D.J. MICHAEL GRELIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOE G. HARDIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-525 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe sternoclavicular joint is commonly involved in rheumatoid arthritis, but a synovial cyst of this joint has not been recognized as a clinical problem. We report here a patient with such a cyst, which presented as an undiagnosed anterior mediastinal mass and required thoracotomy for definition.The patient, a 32-year-old housewife, had the onset of symmetrical arthritis 5 years ago. The disease progressed rapidly to most of her peripheral joints but was only moderately disabling and sporadically treated until 2 years ago, when she suddenly developed bilateral foot drop associated with paresthesias of the legs. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids in...References1. KALLIOMAKIVIITANENVIRTAMA JSP: Radiographical findings of sternoclavicular joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Rheumatol Scand 14:233-240, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SOKOLOFFGLEASON LI: Sternoclavicular articulation in rheumatic diseases. Am J Clin Pathol 24:406-414, 1954 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PALMER D: Synovial cysts in rheumatoid disease. Ann Intern Med 10:61-68, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar4. BEUMERVAN BELLE HC: Pulmonary nodules in rheumatoid arthritis. Respiration 29:556-564, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine University of Alabama in Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama 35294 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGanglion Cyst of the Sternoclavicular Joint in an AdultSternoclavicular Joint Ganglion Cysts In Young Children 1 October 1975Volume 83, Issue 4Page: 525-526KeywordsArthritisRheumatoid arthritisThoracotomy Issue Published: 1 October 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Trigeminal Neuralgia Relieved by Optical Anesthesia-Reply
Authors: Claus M. Fichte
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We certainly agree with Dr Flach's note of caution. However, our experience with seven patients has been that only one required a repeat treatment. In addition, one of us (C.M.F.) has applied this specific anesthetic to thousands of patients during the past 10 years without untoward results. Only someone who has experienced trigeminal neuralgia personally can appreciate the benefit of the relief of pain in relation to the minimal risk.
Cyclic Sciatica
Authors: Henry B. Head, John S. Welch, Elizabeth Mussey, Raul E. Espinosa
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A woman complained of pain resembling sciatica which recurred over a period of more than 4 years in a certain time-relation to the menstrual cycle. An exploratory operation revealed small dark nodules adhering to the sciatic nerve. Excision of the nodules and subsequent irradiation were followed by complete disappearance of the cyclic pain in the leg. The operation also disclosed the presence of a peritoneal invagination, drawn downward toward the greater sciatic notch, in the posterior part of the pelvis. This pocket sign led to the discovery of the offending lesions in the present case, and may help to locate similar hidden lesions in other cases of endometriosis.
THE ABNORMALITY OF SWEAT DUCT FUNCTION IN PSORIASIS
Authors: SAM SHUSTER, CLIVE JOHNSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article THE ABNORMALITY OF SWEAT DUCT FUNCTION IN PSORIASIS Get access SAM SHUSTER, SAM SHUSTER University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NEI 4LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CLIVE JOHNSON CLIVE JOHNSON University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NEI 4LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 11, 1 November 1969, Pages 846–850, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15955.x Published: 01 November 1969 Article history Accepted: 24 April 1969 Published: 01 November 1969
Coping, Behavior, and Adaptation in Prison Inmates
Authors: B. Jaye Anno
Journal: JAMA (1988)

My first thought on reading this book was that it was an odd one to have submitted to<i>JAMA</i>for review. This is not to imply that the book is not well written or well researched. It is both. It is essentially, however, a report on a study measuring "the effects of imprisonment and the way that confinement changes—or fails to change—established behavior patterns" (p 16). As such, it is of considerably more interest to criminologists and psychologists than physicians. In fact, the book is part of a<i>Research in Criminology</i>series edited by Alfred Blumstein and David P. Farrington. The authors begin with a brief review of sociological (environmentalism) and psychological (nativism) studies on the effects of imprisonment. They reject both as incomplete perspectives and choose instead to focus on the interaction between environmental and personal factors, operationalized as the ability of inmates to cope with various situations. The
Restriction specificities, alloreactivity, and allotolerance expressed by T cells from nude mice reconstituted with H-2-compatible or -incompatible thymus grafts.
Authors: R M Zinkernagel, A Althage, E Waterfield, B Kindred, R M Welsh, G Callahan, P Pincetl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Congenitally thymusless nude mice that lacked functional T cells were reconstituted with H-2-compatible or -incompatible thymus grafts taken from either fetal, newborn, or adult mice and transplanted under the kidney capsule or subcutaneously. Transplantation with unirradiated fetal (15--17 d) or newborn thymus grafts reconstituted the nude mice as assessed by their subsequent generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in vivo or alloreactive T cells in vitro. The restriction specificity of T cells from homozygous mice was exclusively for the nude host H-2, as shown by direct cytolysis or by cold target competitive inhibition assays. irrespective of whether nude mice were reconstituted with H-2-compatible, semiallogeneic, or H-2-incompatible, unirradiated newborn or fetal thymus grafts (in order of decreasing efficiency of reconstitution). The restriction specificity for the nonhost H-2 of the thymus could not be demonstrated even after primary or secondary sensitization in an infected appropriate F1 environment. These nude mice reconstituted with fetal or newborn grafts were tolerant to the H-2 of the thymus donors. Nude mice transplanted with irradiated adult thymus grafts were reconstituted functionally with syngeneic or semisyngeneic but not with allogeneic thymus grafts. In homozygous nu/nu irradiated heterozygous recipients of F1 thymus grafts, the restriction specificity for the nonhost thymic H-2 could not be elicited upon adoptive sensitization in irradiated and infected F1 heterozygote stimulator mice; in fact, these chimeras' lymphocytes were not tolerant to the nonhost H-2. The discrepancy between the restorative capacity of unirradiated vs. irradiated thymus grafts suggests that precursors of T cells in nude mice can acquire restriction specificity and immunocompetence independently of a conventional, functioning H-2-compatible thymus if exposed to an allogeneic fetal or a newborn thymus that contains functioning thymocytes of donor type but not if reconstituted with an irradiated adult allogeneic thymus.
Involvement of the eye in SLE and scleroderma. A study using fluorescein angiography in addition to clinical ophthalmic assessment.
Authors: D M Grennan, J Forrester
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

General examination of the eye was carried out in 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 10 with scleroderma. 3 of the SLE and 2 of the scleroderma patients had keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Fluorescein angiography showed abnormalities of the retinal vasculature in one of a subgroup of 12 SLE patients and one of 10 scleroderma patients. None of the 12 SLE patients had abnormalities of the choroidal vasculature, while 5 of the 10 scleroderma patients had patchy areas of nonperfusion of the choroidal capillary bed.