tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Administration of Atomic Cocktails
Authors: R. R. Newell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In "Some Notes on the Administration of Atomic Cocktails" inThe Journal(<b>175</b>:806, 1961), Collica, Lentino, and Rubenfeld remark that an observed technique complied with all factors required for radiation protection except those of common sense. I'd agree that common sense is often lacking. A little science would be helpful, too, and a good way to develop science is to make measurements, which Collica and associates have apparently not done. I see no harm in picking up a paper cup holding 10 μc of I<sup>131</sup>in 30 ml. of water and handing it to the patient to drink. This is better than having the patient drink out of the bottle in which the diluted dose was stored. Patients occasionally spill some when they drink from a bottle. I do add rinse water to the cup and have the patient drink the rinse water, although it
Demethylchlortetracycline Phototoxicity
Authors: Samuel Saslaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

EXAGGERATED sunburn in patients receiving demethylchlortetracycline has previously been reported.1 , 2 It is the purpose of this report to describe the phototoxic reaction personally encountered by me while I was receiving the antibiotic‡ therapy.Case ReportA physician of medium complexion had no previous history of allergy in general or unusual sensitivity to sunlight in particular. In fact, in a relatively few days at any beach he tanned with ease. Three months previously he had returned from a 3-week vacation in Florida, where he had acquired a deep tan. Since that time he had had frequent sun exposures on weekends. On . . .
Ending the Sale of Cigarettes at US Pharmacies
Authors: Frederieke S. van der Deen, Amber L. Pearson, Nick Wilson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Depressed Fracture of Lateral Tibial Plateau
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. F. W. Bora, Jr.: A 41-year-old female fell while dancing and twisted her left knee. She was brought to the emergency ward the same evening, complaining of swelling and pain in the left knee. Physical examination revealed a small amount of fluid within the joint and tenderness over the medial collateral ligament and posterolaterally in the popliteal space. The knee extended fully and flexed 100°. No ligamentous instability was demonstrable. Anterior and posterioi drawer signs were negative. Anterior-posterior and lateral x-ray films of her left knee (Fig. 1) demonstrated no definite fracture, although a triangular area of decreased density below the lateral tibial plateau was observed. A diagnosis of partial tear of her medial collateral ligament was made, and she was instructed in the use of crutches, bearing limited weight on the left leg. A month following injury, she continued to complain of discomfort in her left knee while
Narration
Authors: Lloyd C. Bartlett
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BIOLOGY OF BACTERIUM LEPISEPTICUM
Authors: Leslie T. Webster, Caspar G. Burn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. From 1922 to 1926, mucoid types of Bact. lepisepticum have proved more prevalent that "D" types in certain rabbit communities. 2. The bacteria from the mucoid colonies are larger than the "D" type; "G" variants are very small. All types are largest during the period of logarithmic growth. Differences in size appear to be determined chiefly by the amount of "cytoplasmic" substance. 3. The mucoid colony is larger and appears watery as compared with the "D" colony. 4. Fermentation tests, indole and nitrate reduction reactions of mucoid and "D" types and their variants are similar. 5. The acid agglutination zone of the mucoid type is similar to that of the "D" type. 6. The mucoid type is more stable in suspension than the "D" type. 7. The negative potential of mucoid types is similar to that of the "D" and higher than that of "G" variants. 8. The behavior of the mucoid type of bacilli in fluid media differs from that of the "D" strains in the following respects. About 500 or more mucoid organisms per c., inoculated into plain broth, will grow; "D" strains require seedings of at least 100,000. A lag of 3 to 48 hours duration occurs in the growth of mucoid strains, according to the amount of original seeding. This is considerably longer than that observed for the "D" strains. The period of multiplication is relatively long-24 to 48 hours-and the maximum number per cc. does not exceed 600,000,000. "D" strains reach 1,000,000,000 per cc. within 24 hours. "G" variants appear very slowly in mucoid cultures as contrasted with "D" strains, where their occurrence is rapid and abundant. The presence in the broth of blood or other oxygen-absorbing substances enables less than ten mucoid organisms per cc. to multiply without lag and to reach a maximum number of about 600,000,000 per cc. in 24 to 48 hours. "D" strains reach a count of 1,000,000,000 per cc. within 12 hours under similar conditions. 9. "D" and mucoid strains, inoculated into 750 cc. of plain or blood broth, and incubated at 37 degrees , remain alive for more than 12 months. The numbers per cc. decrease to about 1/1000 of the maximum after the first 6 weeks. Subsequently, the rate of decrease is slower. The original strains are gradually replaced by "intermediate" and "G" colonies. 10. The various mucoid strains proved similar in their antigenic properties. "D" strains were also mutually related, but no cross-agglutination between "D" and mucoid types was demonstrable.
Infection from Intravenous Delivery Systems
Authors: ALLAN PERCEVAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1980Infection from Intravenous Delivery SystemsALLAN PERCEVAL, M.SC.ALLAN PERCEVAL, M.SC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-2-376_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Drs. Band and Maki (1) have given three occasions as exceptions to using 48 hours as the interval for intravenous set change: after administration of blood products, intravenous fat emulsion, and suspicion of an epidemic of infusion-related septicemia.I wish to add a fourth important occasion: treatment of a patient for a bacteremia. It is then necessary to treat the whole delivery system with the antibiotic or remove the untreated system at each occasion of treatment. The delivery system may have been the source of the bacteremia and most likely would have been removed, but a newly...Reference1. BAND J and MAKI D. Safety of changing intravenous delivery systems at longer than 24-hour intervals. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:173-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALLAN PERCEVAL, M.SC.Affiliations: Alfred Hospital Melbourne, Victoria Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1980Volume 93, Issue 2 Page: 376-377 Keywords Antibiotics Bacteremia Blood Fats Patients Sepsis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Quantitative Trait Associated Microarray Gene Expression Data Analysis
Authors: Yi Qu, Shizhong Xu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Selection on phenotypes may cause genetic change. To understand the relationship between phenotype and gene expression from an evolutionary viewpoint, it is important to study the concordance between gene expression and profiles of phenotypes. In this study, we use a novel method of clustering to identify genes whose expression profiles are related to a quantitative phenotype. Cluster analysis of gene expression data aims at classifying genes into several different groups based on the similarity of their expression profiles across multiple conditions. The hope is that genes that are classified into the same clusters may share underlying regulatory elements or may be a part of the same metabolic pathways. Current methods for examining the association between phenotype and gene expression are limited to linear association measured by the correlation between individual gene expression values and phenotype. Genes may be associated with the phenotype in a nonlinear fashion. In addition, groups of genes that share a particular pattern in their relationship to phenotype may be of evolutionary interest. In this study, we develop a method to group genes based on orthogonal polynomials under a multivariate Gaussian mixture model. The effect of each expressed gene on the phenotype is partitioned into a cluster mean and a random deviation from the mean. Genes can also be clustered based on a time series. Parameters are estimated using the expectation-maximization algorithm and implemented in SAS. The method is verified with simulated data and demonstrated with experimental data from 2 studies, one clusters with respect to severity of disease in Alzheimer's patients and another clusters data for a rat fracture healing study over time. We find significant evidence of nonlinear associations in both studies and successfully describe these patterns with our method. We give detailed instructions and provide a working program that allows others to directly implement this method in their own analyses.
Asymptomatic Parotid Gland Enlargement in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: DEREK DAVIDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Fourteen patients with diabetes and two with borderline glucose tolerance tests who had asymptomatic parotid gland enlargement have been studied. In five the observation of parotid gland enlargement preceded the recognition of diabetes, and in four of these the diagnosis was made only on glucose tolerance test. Sialograms in three patients were normal, and microscopic examination of three parotids revealed fatty infiltration of the gland. The pathogenesis of this sign is not clear. A search for diabetes should be made in all patients in whom enlarged asymptomatic parotid glands are found.
Angolan cholera epidemic could have been prevented, says MSF
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An epidemic of cholera that has infected more than 35 000 people in Angola in the past three months and killed more than 1300 could have been prevented by investment in basic services, the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres said last week.

The agency says the outbreak is an example of how Africa is being crippled by preventable diseases due to poverty and lack of infrastructure, pointing out that the epidemic first started in the crowded shanty towns around the capital, Luanda, in mid-February.

The population of Luanda has doubled in the …
Cardiomyocyte Expression of a Polyglutamine Preamyloid Oligomer Causes Heart Failure
Authors: J. Scott Pattison, Atsushi Sanbe, Alina Maloyan, Hanna Osinska, Raisa Klevitsky, Jeffrey Robbins
Journal: Circulation (2008)

To determine whether soluble preamyloid oligomers (PAOs) are toxic when expressed internally in the cardiomyocyte, we tested the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte-restricted expression and accumulation of a known PAO is cytotoxic and sufficient to cause heart failure.Intracellular PAOs, the entities believed to cause toxicity in many neurodegenerative diseases, have been observed in cardiomyocytes derived from mouse and human heart failure samples. Long (>50) polyglutamine (PQ) repeats form PAOs and cause neurotoxicity in Huntington disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, whereas shorter PQ peptides are benign. We created transgenic mice in which cardiomyocyte-autonomous expression of an 83 residue-long PQ repeat (PQ83) or a non-amyloid-forming peptide of 19 PQ repeats (PQ19) as a nonpathological control was expressed. A PQ83 line with relatively low levels of expression was generated, along with a PQ19 line that expressed approximately 9-fold the levels observed in the PQ83 line. Hearts expressing PQ83 exhibited reduced cardiac function and dilation by 5 months, and all mice died by 8 months, whereas PQ19 mice had normal cardiac function, morphology, and life span. PQ83 protein accumulated within aggresomes with PAO-specific staining. The PQ83 hearts showed increased autophagosomal and lysosomal content but also showed markers of necrotic death, including inflammatory cell infiltration and increased sarcolemmal permeability.The data confirm the hypothesis that expression of an exogenous PAO-forming peptide is toxic to cardiomyocytes and is sufficient to cause cardiomyocyte loss and heart failure in a murine model.
Clinical Decision Analysis
Authors: William T. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book teaches the physician how to use the techniques of modern decision analysis in the management of disease. It is the culmination of six years' experience by the authors at the Harvard Medical School in teaching the concepts of medical decision making to numerous medical students, residents, fellows, and practicing physicians. In the text they show how to take a medical management problem and break it down into a series of steps, which include diagnostic tests, clinical decisions, and the possible therapeutic outcomes. The theories of probability are then applied to the various management approaches and the best strategy can be determined mathematically. While an interest in mathematics is an asset in mastering these techniques, all of the probability methods are taught from fundamentals, and a formal background is not necessary. The authors are obviously effective teachers. The text is well organized and uses many features that make it
POPTREE2: Software for Constructing Population Trees from Allele Frequency Data and Computing Other Population Statistics with Windows Interface
Authors: N. Takezaki, M. Nei, K. Tamura
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Currently, there is a demand for software to analyze polymorphism data such as microsatellite DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism with easily accessible interface in many fields of research. In this article, we would like to make an announcement of POPTREE2, a computer program package, that can perform evolutionary analyses of allele frequency data. The original version (POPTREE) was a command-line program that runs on the Command Prompt of Windows and Unix. In POPTREE2 genetic distances (measures of the extent of genetic differentiation between populations) for constructing phylogenetic trees, average heterozygosities (H) (a measure of genetic variation within populations) and GST (a measure of genetic differentiation of subdivided populations) are computed through a simple and intuitive Windows interface. It will facilitate statistical analyses of polymorphism data for researchers in many different fields. POPTREE2 is available at http://www.med.kagawa-u.ac.jp/∼genomelb/takezaki/poptree2/index.html.
Sarcomere Protein Gene Mutations in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the Elderly
Authors: Hideshi Niimura, Kristen K. Patton, William J. McKenna, Johann Soults, Barry J. Maron, J.G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a familial myocardial condition caused by sarcomere protein mutations, is usually recognized by early adulthood. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the elderly has similar clinical features but, notably, a later age of onset and noncontributory family history. Causes of elderly-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are unknown. Methods and Results — Eighteen women and 13 men diagnosed with late-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied. Initial symptoms occurred at 59.3 (±12.3) years, and diagnosis was made at 62.8 (±10.8) years. None had family histories of cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography demonstrated maximal left ventricular wall thickness of 19.9±3.8 mm, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (58%), and, in 11 individuals, left ventricular outflow tract gradients (average, 63±42.8 mm). Sarcomere protein gene analyses revealed 8 sequence variants in cardiac myosin binding protein-C (1 nonsense, 1 splice acceptor site, and 3 missense), cardiac troponin I (2 missense), and α-cardiac myosin heavy chain (1 missense). Seven variants were not found in over 170 normal chromosomes; 1 variant (cardiac myosin binding protein-C Arg326Gln) also occurred in a healthy adult. Conclusions — Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the elderly can be a genetic disorder caused by dominant sarcomere protein mutations. The distribution of mutations in elderly-onset disease is strikingly different ( P &lt;0.00001) from that of familial, early onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Whereas defects in β-cardiac myosin heavy chain, cardiac troponin T, and α-tropomyosin account for &gt;45% of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, none were found here. Rather, mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein-C, troponin I, and α-cardiac myosin heavy chain caused elderly-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Effect of Aging and Physical Activity on Left Ventricular Compliance
Authors: Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Erika Dijk, Anand Prasad, Qi Fu, Pilar Torres, Rong Zhang, James D. Thomas, Dean Palmer, Benjamin D. Levine
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Left ventricular compliance appears to decrease with aging, which may contribute to the high incidence of heart failure in the elderly. However, whether this change is an inevitable consequence of senescence or rather secondary to reduced physical activity is unknown. Methods and Results— Twelve healthy sedentary seniors (69.8±3 years old; 6 women, 6 men) and 12 Masters athletes (67.8±3 years old; 6 women, 6 men) underwent pulmonary artery catheterization to define Starling and left ventricular pressure-volume curves. Data were compared with those obtained in 14 young but sedentary control subjects (28.9±5 years old; 7 women, 7 men). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressures and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes by use of echocardiography were measured at baseline, during decreased cardiac filling by use of lower-body negative pressure (−15 and −30 mm Hg), and after saline infusion (15 and 30 mL/kg). Stroke volume for any given filling pressure was greater in Masters athletes compared with the age-matched sedentary subjects, whereas contractility, as assessed by preload recruitable stroke work, was similar. There was substantially decreased left ventricular compliance in healthy but sedentary seniors compared with the young control subjects, which resulted in higher cardiac pressures for a given filling volume and higher myocardial wall stress for a given strain. The pressure-volume curve for the Masters athletes was indistinguishable from that of the young, sedentary control subjects. Conclusions— A sedentary lifestyle during healthy aging is associated with decreased left ventricular compliance, leading to diminished diastolic performance. Prolonged, sustained endurance training preserves ventricular compliance with aging and may help to prevent heart failure in the elderly.
Gold Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Seth H. Lourie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 July 1991Gold Therapy for Rheumatoid ArthritisSeth H. Lourie, MDSeth H. Lourie, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-2-155 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Epstein and colleagues (1) raise some interesting and provocative points regarding gold therapy. Their presentation of the data, however, raises some serious questions of bias in interpretation. Specifically, one third of the patients are described as having received parenteral gold during the year before the study. This group is not further separated from the rest of the cohort when discussing patient characteristics at the beginning of the study. There is also a peculiar distribution of the number of patients who received gold during the first year of the study when compared with those who apparently began gold...Reference1. EpsteinHenkeYelinKatz WCEP. Effect of parenterally administered gold therapy on the course of adult rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:437-44. LinkGoogle Scholar1. EpsteinHenkeYelinKatz WCEP. Effect of parenterally administered gold therapy on the course of adult rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:437-44. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lipsky P. Disease-modifying drugs. In: Utsinger PD, Zvaifler NJ, Ehrlich GE; eds. Rheumatoid Arthritis. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co.; 1985:601-35. Google Scholar3. Feinstein A. Clinical biostatistics. XXXV. The persistent clinical failures and fallacies of the UGDP study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976;19:78-93. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. Proceedings of the Biennial Regenstrief Conference. Methods for using large databases in health care research: problems and promises. Stat Med. 1991;10:505-670. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Prince George's Hospital Center Cheverly, MD 20785 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTreatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Challenges to Traditional ParadigmsTheodore Pincus, MD, Frederick Wolfe, MD 15 July 1991Volume 115, Issue 2Page: 155-156KeywordsCohort studiesRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 15 July 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...