tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Haemolysis in Typhoid Fever
Authors: S. E. Levin
Journal: BMJ (1967)

of enzyme deficiency or sickling must be borne in mind.Allergic reactions and haemo- lytic symptoms have been reported in G-6-PD-deficient subjects after administration of a number of drugs, and even salicylates have been incriminated.'The physician who is not on the lookout for this eventuality may consider it a complication of the original con- dition for which he was consulted.As prob- ably more than 10% of these people are
512 Interferon alpha 8 and 2 show differential activation of apoptosis pathway and growth factor pathway in human hepatoma cell lines
Authors: A TAKAKI, K KOIKE, H SHIRAHA, Y IWASAKI, K SAKAGUCHI, N INABA, K KUBOTA, Y SHIRATORI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The crystal structure of a construct consisting of the FERM and SH2-like domains of the human Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) bound to a fragment of the intracellular domain of the interferon-λ receptor 1 (IFNLR1) has been determined at the nominal resolution of 2.1 Å. In this structure, the receptor peptide forms an 85-Å-long extended chain, in which both the previously identified box1 and box2 regions bind simultaneously to the FERM and SH2-like domains of JAK1. Both domains of JAK1 are generally well ordered, with regions not seen in the crystal structure limited to loops located away from the receptor-binding regions. The structure provides a much more complete and accurate picture of the interactions between JAK1 and IFNLR1 than those given in earlier reports, illuminating the molecular basis of the JAK–cytokine receptor association. A glutamate residue adjacent to the box2 region in IFNLR1 mimics the mode of binding of a phosphotyrosine in classical SH2 domains. It was shown here that a deletion of residues within the box1 region of the receptor abolishes stable interactions with JAK1, although it was previously shown that box2 alone is sufficient to stabilize a similar complex of the interferon-α receptor and TYK2.
Fatal Poisoning with Methyprylon (Noludar), a Nonbarbiturate Sedative
Authors: William U. Reidt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

METHYPRYLON (Noludar), 3,3 diethyl-2,4-dioxo-5-methylpiperidine, is a nonalkaloidal, nonbarbiturate Central-nervous-system depressant recently made available for general use. It is a derivative of 3,3-diethyl 2,4-dioxo-piperidine (Sedulon), a sedative cough syrup. A review of the recent literature has not revealed a previously reported case of fatal poisoning with this drug. It is for this reason that the following case is presented.Case ReportA 64-year-old retired male schoolteacher was admitted to the hospital on August 27, 1955, in a comatose state. He had last been seen awake at about 7 p.m. on the preceding day, when he retired to his room. At 11 . . .
Temperature and air pollution as risk factors for heat stroke in Tokyo, July and August 1980-1995.
Authors: W T Piver, M Ando, F Ye, C J Portier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Heat stroke is associated with prolonged exposures to high air temperatures that usually occur in the summer months of July and August in Tokyo, Japan. Also during July and August, residents of Tokyo are often exposed simultaneously to high concentrations of air pollutants. To assess the impacts of these combined exposures, daily numbers of heat stroke emergency transport cases/million residents for Tokyo were stratified by gender and three groups: 0-14, 15-64; and > 65 years of age, for the months of July and August in 1980-1995. A regression model was constructed using daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and daily average concentrations of NO2 and O3 as model covariates. Classification indices were added to make it possible to compare the expected number of heat stroke cases by age and gender. Lag times of 1-4 days in Tmax and air quality covariates and terms to account for interactions between pairs of model covariates were also included as additional risk factors. Generalized linear models (GLMs), assuming a Poisson error structure for heat stroke emergency transport cases, were used to determine which covariates were significant risk factors for heat stroke for the three age groups of males and females. Same-day Tmax and concentrations of NO2 were the most significant risk factors for heat stroke in all age groups of males and females. The number of heat stroke emergency transport cases/million residents was greater in males than in females in the same age groups. The smallest number of heat stroke emergency transport cases/million residents occurred for females 0-14 years of age and the greatest number of heat stroke emergency transport cases/million residents occurred for males > 65 years of age.
Detailed angiographic analysis of high-speed mechanical rotational atherectomy in human coronary arteries.
Authors: R D Safian, K A Niazi, M Strzelecki, A Lichtenberg, M A May, N Juran, M Freed, R Ramos, V Gangadharan, C L Grines
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Several types of atherectomy devices have been developed recently for treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease.Mechanical rotational atherectomy (MRA) using a high-speed rotational burr (Rotablator) was performed on 116 lesions in 104 patients. MRA alone was performed in 27 lesions (23%), and conventional balloon angioplasty (PTCA) was performed after MRA in 89 lesions (77%). Diameter stenosis decreased from 70 +/- 13% before MRA to 54 +/- 23% after MRA, and the final diameter stenosis (after MRA alone or with adjunctive PTCA) was 30 +/- 20% (P < .001). Minimal lumen diameter increased from 1.0 +/- 0.5 mm before MRA to 1.4 +/- 0.7 mm after MRA, and the final minimal lumen diameter was 2.3 +/- 0.7 mm (P < .001). MRA resulted in a decrease in diameter stenosis of 20% or more in 44% of lesions, and the final diameter stenosis (after MRA alone or after PTCA) was less than 50% in 75% of lesions. Considering the small diameter of available burrs, the magnitude of lumen enlargement was equal to 91% of the burr diameter, and only 9% of the burr diameter was "lost" due to elastic recoil or spasm. These angiographic results were obtained despite the presence of complex lesion morphology, including the presence of calcification in 17% of lesions and ostial location in 26% of lesions. Significant angiographic complications included abrupt closure (13 lesions, 11.2%), no reflow (8 lesions, 7%), severe coronary vasospasm (16 lesions, 13.8%), and guide wire fracture (3 lesions, 2.7%). There were no coronary artery perforations. Adjunctive therapy, including salvage PTCA, thrombolytic agents, and vasodilators, was successful in treating angiographic complications in 42 of 49 lesions (86%). Clinical complications included Q-wave myocardial infarction (5 patients, 4.8%), non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (3 patients, 2.9%), femoral vascular injury requiring surgery (3 patients, 2.9%) or blood transfusion (8 patients, 7.7%), abrupt closure requiring emergency bypass graft surgery (2 patients, 1.9%), and in-hospital death (1 patient, 1.0%). Angiographic follow-up (mean follow-up interval, 5.0 +/- 2.0 months) was available in 84% of successfully treated patients and revealed a restenosis rate of 51%, defined as a residual diameter stenosis of more than 50%. There was no significant difference in restenosis rates between de novo lesions (50%) and restenosis (54%) lesions.These data suggest that for the treatment of most coronary stenoses, PTCA is required after MRA to achieve satisfactory lumen enlargement or to salvage complications. Angiographic complications appear to be more common after MRA, and salvage PTCA often is required to manage these device-induced complications. The combination of MRA and PTCA does not prevent restenosis.
EVIDENCE OF ACTIVE IMMUNITY TO EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS OBTAINED BY THE INTRANASAL ROUTE IN MACACUS RHESUS
Authors: S. D. Kramer, L. H. Grossman, G. C. Parker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

The experiments reported above indicate that the intranasal instillations of pituitrin S and adrephine, alter susceptibility in the rhesus monkey. One-half to two-thirds of the treated animals resisted intranasal infection, and, moreover, most of the resistant animals which had received combined treatment and virus developed active immunity, as indicated by the presence of neutralizing substance in their serums and by their ability to resist intracerebral infection. We have, it appears, not alone modified in some fashion the usual reaction of this animal to intranasal infection, but we have also successfully vaccinated these animals by the nasal route, so that the response in animals more nearly approaches what we believe to be the response in human beings. We have no knowledge of the mechanism by means of which pituitrin S and adrephine produce this apparent alteration in susceptibility, but since the outcome of continued exposure to virus in most of the animals treated with these substances results in immunity, we believe that this offers a more hopeful approach toward the control of the disease.
The punch and graft technique: a novel method of surgical treatment for chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis
Authors: N. Rajan, J.A.A. Langtry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CDNH) is a painful inflammatory condition affecting the helix of the ear. Several surgical treatments are described in the literature, with different cure rates and cosmetic outcomes. Objectives To determine the cure rate of a novel method of surgical treatment, the 'punch and graft' technique, for CDNH and to compare this with reported techniques. Methods Twenty‐three lesions in 22 patients over a period of 7 years and 4 months were treated with the punch and graft technique, which is described. Results A cure rate of 83% was obtained. The patients were followed up for a period of 1–86 months and cosmetic results were good. Conclusions The punch and graft technique is a novel method for surgical treatment of CDNH, with results comparable with those of existing methods.
CS-16 * THE eEF2 KINASE IS CRITICAL FOR BRAIN TUMOURS ADAPTATION TO METABOLIC STRESS
Authors: G. Leprivier, M. Remke, B. Rotblat, S. Agnihotri, M. Kool, B. Derry, S. Pfister, M. D. Taylor, P. H. Sorensen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

During tumour progression, brain tumour cells are exposed to metabolic stress, such as nutrient deprivation, due to abnormal tumour vasculature. The ability of tumour cells to respond and manage reduced nutrient availability has a strong impact on tumour outcome. The molecular pathways supporting metabolic adaptation of brain tumour cells to nutrient stress represent potential therapeutic targets which are still not well defined. We report that the translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase mediates a protective response under nutrient starvation by restraining mRNA translation at the step of elongation. In aggressive human tumour cells, such as medulloblastoma (MB) cells, ablation of eEF2K expression increases sensitivity to nutrient removal. In addition, gene expression analysis in patient samples show that eEF2K expression is upregulated in the most aggressive subgroup of MB, namely group 3, and that high eEF2K expression is strongly associated with poor survival in both MB and glioblastoma (GBM). In vivo, eEF2K overexpression confers resistance of tumour xenografts to calorie restriction. Finally, our data reveal that eEF2K is an evolutionarily conserved mediator of the physiological response to nutrient starvation, as genetic removal of eEF2K compromises survival of C. elegans in absence of nutrients. Overall, our works highlight a novel pro-survival factor which is hijacked by brain tumour cells to support their adaptation to nutrient stress. The potential for therapeutic targeting of eEF2 kinase in brain tumors will be discussed.
Myocardial Infarction in Patients Treated with Sippy and Other High-Milk Diets
Authors: R. D. BRIGGS, M. L. RUBENBERG, R. M. O'NEAL, W. A. THOMAS, W. S. HARTROFT
Journal: Circulation (1960)

A study has been made of the incidence of myocardial infarcts among 3 groups of autopsied patients who were matched for age, sex, race, and place and period of death: (1) patients with peptic ulcers who had been treated with a Sippy diet or milk products, (2) patients with peptic ulcers who were not known to have been so treated, (3) a group consisting of non-ulcer patients matched with the other 2 groups. In the U.S.A. the incidence of myocardial infarcts was more than twice as high in the ulcer patients treated with Sippy diet than it was in either of the other 2 groups. The differences in each case were statistically highly significant. There was no significant difference in the incidence of myocardial infarcts between the ulcer patients not treated with the Sippy diet and the non-ulcer controls. Differences and similarities of the same degree were noted among corresponding groups from Great Britain. It is tempting to think that the high incidence of myocardial infarcts among the Sippy-treated patients was a result of the butter-fat content of their diets. Mere association, however, does not constitute proof and further study is needed before definitive conclusions are drawn.
Mesalamine Dose Escalation Reduces Fecal Calprotectin in Patients With Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Mark T. Osterman, Faten N. Aberra, Raymond Cross, Steven Liakos, Robert McCabe, Ira Shafran, Douglas Wolf, Robert Hardi, Lisa Nessel, Colleen Brensinger, Erin Gilroy, James D. Lewis
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Factors Mediating the Impact of Chronic Pruritus on Quality of Life
Authors: Christopher W. Carr, Emir Veledar, Suephy C. Chen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Chronic pruritus is a common problem with a deleterious effect on quality of life. The factors mediating the relationship between chronic pruritus and quality of life are poorly understood. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the factors that mediate the impact of chronic pruritus on quality of life. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Cross-sectional study based on a nationwide telephone survey of US military veterans sampled from the Veterans Hospital Patient Database. Participants were veterans who agreed to participate and were found to have chronic pruritus. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Statistical significance of predictor variables (characteristics of patients and their chronic pruritus) in multivariate analysis using ItchyQoL scores as response variables. <h3>Results</h3> Of 6000 veterans telephoned, 1075 consented to participate; 405 of these had chronic pruritus. Factors that mediated the impact of chronic pruritus on quality of life were demographic characteristics (age [<i>P</i> = .007], race [<i>P</i> = .05], marital status [<i>P</i> = .04]), personality (extroversion [<i>P</i> = .03], neuroticism [<i>P</i> = .01]), pruritus characteristics (severity [<i>P</i> &lt; .001], duration [<i>P</i> = .01], frequency [<i>P</i> &lt; .001], location [<i>P</i> = .005]), and possible etiology (cutaneous vs systemic [<i>P</i> = .03]). Notable factors not found significant include sex (<i>P</i> = .98) and socioeconomic variables (education level [<i>P</i> &gt; .99], employment status [<i>P</i> = .53], income [<i>P</i> = .62]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The multitude of factors that significantly influence the impact of chronic pruritus on quality of life demonstrates the complex nature of this relationship. A better appreciation of these factors will improve the clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic pruritus.
Health System Reform in the Czech Republic
Authors: Thomas A. Massaro
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The Czech Republic is among the most aggressive of the former Warsaw Pact countries in encouraging competition and free-market reform. This aggressiveness was extended into the health care sector when, in 1992, a mandatory employment-based health insurance system was introduced. The move from a controlled socialist structure to an insurance-based, fee-for-service model occurred in a short time. Health care spending increased 50% in 2 years and now approaches that of many industrialized nations. Claims for reimbursements are increasing at a rate of 5% to 7% per quarter. Market incentives have changed behaviors within the medical community. Newly privatized physicians generate greater volume and consume more resources than those continuing as state employees. Policy issues requiring further evaluation include supply, distribution, and relative valuation of physician services; clinical resource allocation; and cost containment.
Prognostic Value of the Involvement of the Urinary Collecting System in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: C. Terrone, C. Cracco, S. Guercio, E. Bollito, M. Poggio, C. Scoffone, R. Tarabuzzi, F. Porpiglia, R.M. Scarpa, D. Fontana, S. Rocca Rossetti
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Effect of distal protection or thrombectomy on corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame counts in stenting for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Chong H. Park, Mohamed Salem, Rajiv Jauhar, Jason Freeman, Stanley Katz, Barry Kaplan, Stephen Green, Donna Marchant, Lawrence Ong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
From the authors
Authors: G. Raghu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

We appreciate the important concern raised by M. Thomeer and agree that following a standardised diagnostic criteria is important for both the investigator as well as the clinician taking care of the patients in the community. While the general pulmonologist may not be as “accurate” in diagnosing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) as expert clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of IPF and other subgroups of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) in tertiary centres enrolling patients in clinical trials, the clinical knowledge of IPF has evolved significantly with new data and clarifications during the last few years. Recent international consensus statements by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) have increased the awareness of the different entities of IIP and IPF 1, 2. Thus, the current generation of general pulmonologists, as well as experienced pulmonologists, involved in active care of patients with pulmonary diseases are becoming quite familiar with the diagnostic criteria for these entities. In fact, all of the recent and ongoing clinical trials have utilised well-defined criteria based on set guidelines to enrol the most appropriate patients. The striking similarity of the baseline demographics in the patient populations enrolled in two recent separate multicentre clinical trials in …
Circulating Autoantibodies and Human Disease
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE past decade has seen the growth of a unitary theory to explain the causation of human disease that now bids fair to encompass virtually all ailments. The theory is not a new one, but its broad application to disease in general is a new phenomenon in medical opinion, and requires critical evaluation and, perhaps, in the interests of balance, a certain amount of foot dragging in some quarters. The theory concerns the role of autoimmunity in pathologic states affecting a wide variety of organs and tissues, and proposes that because of mutational changes in the immunologic attitude of lymphoid . . .
Pulmonary Atresia or Severe Stenosis and Coronary Artery-to-Pulmonary Artery Fistula
Authors: EHUD KRONGRAD, DONALD G. RITTER, ANTHONY HAWE, OWINGS W. KINCAID, DWIGHT C. MCGOON
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Five patients have had the common features of pulmonary atresia or severe stenosis associated with a septal defect and a coronary artery-to-pulmonary artery (CA-PA) fistula. Four had pulmonary valvular atresia, and one had severe pulmonary stenosis. In all five, the CA-PA fistula contributed the principal component of the pulmonary blood flow. Cyanosis, continuous murmur, right ventricular hypertrophy, and decreased or normal pulmonary vascularity were frequent clinical manifestations, but angiocardiography was required to establish the diagnosis. The fistula was a side-to-side communication between the left coronary artery and the main pulmonary artery in each of the five patients. The dilated proximal coronary artery connecting the aortic root with the pulmonary artery gave a unique angiocardiographic appearance distinguishing it from truncus arteriosus or aorticopulmonary window. It is suggested that this unique angiocardiographic appearance be called an "aorticopulmonary tunnel." The surgical repair of this anomaly is closely related to that for severe tetralogy of Fallot and should involve a comparable risk and achieve a comparable result.
Absence of mutations in cereblon (CRBN) and DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) genes and significance for IMiD therapy
Authors: A Thakurta, A K Gandhi, M F Waldman, C Bjorklund, Y Ning, D Mendy, P Schafer, A Lopez-Girona, S Lentzsch, S A Schey, Y Calle, R Chelliah, R Z Orlowski, A Madan, H Avet-Loiseau, R Chopra
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Thalidomide and the IMiD immunomodulatory drugs, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes and other hematologic malignancies, including mantle cell lymphoma. Ito et al.1 recently identified cereblon as a key target of thalidomide. Subsequent studies confirmed cereblon to be a common target for lenalidomide and pomalidomide, and established its essential role in mediating anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of these drugs.2, 3 Cereblon is encoded by the CRBN gene on chromosome 3 containing 11 exons, and the fully spliced transcript produces a 51-kDa protein. Cereblon is a component of the cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4CRBN) that also contains DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1), cullin (Cul) 4a and regulator of cullins (Roc) 1.1 E3 ligases attach ubiquitin moieties to specific substrate proteins in the cell that can mark them for proteasomal degradation. The putative role of cereblon within the E3 ligase complex is that of a substrate receptor.
A 25-hydroxylation pathway of cholic acid biosynthesis in man and rat.
Authors: S Shefer, F W Cheng, B Dayal, S Hauser, G S Tint, G Salen, E H Mosbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

This paper describes a pathway of cholic acid synthesis, in man and in the rat, which involves 25-hydroxylated intermediates and is catalyzed by microsomal and soluble enzymes. The subcellular localization, stereospecificity, and other properties of the enzymes involved were studied with liver fractions of normolipidemic subjects, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis patients, and rats. 5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol was converted to 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24beta,25-pentol by the microsomal fraction in the presence of NADPH and O2. 5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24alpha,25-pentol, 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,-23xi,25-pentol, and 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25,26-pentol were also formed. In the presence of NAD, 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24beta,25-pentol, but not the other 5beta-cholestanepentols formed, was converted to cholic acid by soluble enzymes in good yield. These experiments demonstrate the existence of a pathway for side-chain degradation in cholic acid synthesis which does not involve hydroxylation at C-26 or the participation of mitochondria.