tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Peter A. McCullough, James P. Choi, Georges A. Feghali, Jeffrey M. Schussler, Robert M. Stoler, Ravi C. Vallabahn, Ankit Mehta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)

Coronary angiography and percutaneous intervention rely on the use of iodinated intravascular contrast for vessel and chamber imaging. Despite advancements in imaging and interventional techniques, iodinated contrast continues to pose a risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) for a subgroup of patients at risk for this complication. There has been a consistent and graded signal of risk for associated outcomes including need for renal replacement therapy, rehospitalization, and death, according to the incidence and severity of CI-AKI. This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognosis, and management of CI-AKI as it applies to the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
The BMA and its staff's private health cover
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Gaudy, supposedly personalised, advertising banners flash down the side of my email account. I am surprised that they promote online casinos, budget holiday sites, and, most commonly, private medical insurance. A smiling, white coated young woman suggests that I can “jump NHS queues.” These adverts amuse and irritate me by the same token.

The BMA recently started offering a private medical plan to its entire staff. Employees pay directly through their salaries but benefit from reductions in national insurance contributions. However, the directors and the senior managers of the BMA have had private medicine as part of their remuneration for some time. …
Drug formularies in hospitals
Authors: M C Bateson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

none) or who have been so subsidised bv the manufacturers.What would happen if everv uni- versity hospital applied the same restrictions?More worrying to me is the fact that where local National Health Service management labours under the delusion that drugs account for a considerable proportion of the overall costs of anaesthesia and intensive care a new breed of second class university department is being created.In these days of dwindling independent sources of f'unds such departments can hope to keep in the forefront only by doing investigative work that the manufacturers want to support: exeunt academic and clinical freedom, arm in arm.
THE CAUSES OF OBSTRUCTION PRODUCING CYANOSIS DURING THE NASAL ADMINISTRATION OF NITROUS OXIDE
Authors: F. Trewby
Journal: BMJ (1909)

NITROUS OXIDE. [ TIM BRTIS 201 as to formulate this into a so-called "law," "a positive reaction denotes active syphilis."As a general statement, however, this cannot be correct.Tabes and general paralysis can scarcely be described as active syphilis, yet, as we have seen, the serum in these diseases gives a positive reaction in 70 to 90 per cent. of cases.In the spinal fluid it may be held even to be injurious rather than beneficial, since it has a definite affinity for so important a constituent of normal nervous tissue as lecithin.Further, its occurrence in the serum and spinal fluid of general paralysis and tabes, while it adds another argument to the clinical evidence connecting these diseases with syphilis, in no sense proves that connexion incontestablv.We have pleasure in thanking Dr. Mott for the interest he has taken in our work, and the assistance he has ren- dered us throughout.We also acknowledge with pleasure
Does the Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act Still Take Care of Organs before Patients?
Authors: Michael A. DeVita, Arthur L. Caplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters1 July 2008Does the Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act Still Take Care of Organs before Patients?Michael A. DeVita, MD and Arthur L. Caplan, PhDMichael A. DeVita, MDFrom the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this author and Arthur L. Caplan, PhDFrom the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-1-200807010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Verheijde and colleagues for their comments. We agree that the revised act remains imperfect and contentious. The original Sections 14(c) and 21(b) required provision of critical care procedures and support to maintain the potential for organ donation. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) was trying to discourage clinicians from hastily discontinuing life-sustaining treatments before the potential for organ donation could be assessed. The NCCUSL argued that most Americans want to become organ donors after death, and therefore care alteration that prevents that option precludes the will of the majority. They purport ...Reference1. DuBois JM, DeVita M. Donation after cardiac death in the United States: how to move forward [Editorial]. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:3045-7. [PMID: 17130701] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCaring for Organs or for Patients? Ethical Concerns about the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (2006) Michael A. DeVita and Arthur L. Caplan Does the Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act Still Take Care of Organs before Patients? Joseph L. Verheijde , Mohamed Y. Rady , and Joan L. McGregor Metrics 1 July 2008Volume 149, Issue 1Page: 63-64KeywordsBrainConflicts of interestCritical careForecastingHealth care quality ePublished: 1 July 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Are some diets "mass murder"? Dietary guidelines worldwide advise limiting saturated fat in favour of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats
Authors: R. McLean, M. Skeaff, J. Mann, L. T. Morenga
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Smith’s views on saturated fat seem to have been strongly influenced by a few popular books and a limited selection of original publications.1 Lay authors are susceptible to bias because they rarely carry out a formal search of article databases and may not critique the evidence in totality. “Cherry picking” of evidence can lead to erroneous understanding.

Smith incorrectly describes the Women’s …
Neonatal Exposure to Low Doses of Diazinon: Long-Term Effects on Neural Cell Development and Acetylcholine Systems
Authors: Theodore A. Slotkin, Bethany E. Bodwell, Edward D. Levin, Frederic J. Seidler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate pesticides involves mechanisms other than their shared property of cholinesterase inhibition.We gave diazinon (DZN) to newborn rats on postnatal days 1-4, using doses (0.5 or 2 mg/kg) spanning the threshold for barely detectable cholinesterase inhibition.We then evaluated the lasting effects on indices of neural cell number and size, and on functional markers of acetylcholine (ACh) synapses (choline acetyltransferase, presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter, nicotinic cholinergic receptors) in a variety of brain regions.DZN exposure produced a significant overall increase in cell-packing density in adolescence and adulthood, suggestive of neuronal loss and reactive gliosis; however, some regions (temporal/occipital cortex, striatum) showed evidence of net cell loss, reflecting a greater sensitivity to neurotoxic effects of DZN. Deficits were seen in ACh markers in cerebrocortical areas and the hippocampus, regions enriched in ACh projections. In contrast, there were no significant effects in the midbrain, the major locus for ACh cell bodies. The striatum showed a unique pattern, with robust initial elevations in the ACh markers that regressed in adulthood to normal or subnormal values.These results indicate that developmental exposures to apparently nontoxic doses of DZN compromise neural cell development and alter ACh synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood. The patterns seen here differ substantially from those seen in earlier work with chlorpyrifos, reinforcing the concept that the various organophosphates have fundamentally different effects on the developmental trajectories of specific neurotransmitter systems, unrelated to their shared action as cholinesterase inhibitors.
Researchers Seek to Uncover Root Causes of Delayed Treatment and Diagnosis in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laboratories May Face More Strict Controls
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

CONGRESS IS DRAFTING legislation that could provide stricter controls over clinical laboratories. This follows testimony in recent weeks that included allegations of laboratories' overcharging for tests, using two fee schedules (one for third-party payers and another for physicians), giving kickbacks to increase business, and pressuring technologists to screen as many as 200 Papanicolaou smears a day (the American Society for Cytotechnology recommends that no more than 70 to 90 such slides be read in a 24-hour period) as well as allowing them to take slides home to read (a violation of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act and Medicare regulations). These allegations were aired in front of congressmen Ron Wyden (D-Ore) and John D. Dingell (D-Mich) and senators Carl Levin (D-Mich) and William S. Cohen (R-Me). Out of them has come at least one legislative proposal, by Congressman Wyden, that includes banning solicitations for laboratory specimens, requiring annual inspections of laboratories,
WHY BALTIMORE IS A HEALTHY CITY.
Authors: D. W. CATHELL
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Baltimore lies in latitude 39° 18', longitude 76° 36'. It is situated on the Patapsco River, one of the tributaries of the great Chesapeake Bay, which divides the State of Maryland into two portions—eastern and western, the city of Baltimore being on the western portion, about fourteen miles from the junction of Patapsco River with the bay. We have an excellent and large harbor for our shipping. Baltimore covers an area of thirty-one and one-half square miles, and like Rome, may be said to lie on seven hills. Its soil is both healthy and favorable for building. The city has 99,987 houses, with an appraised value, including the ground, of $274,000,000. Its population, as ascertained by the police census of 1894, is 496,315, of whom 422,568 are white and 73,747 are colored. It has 780 miles of paved streets, with 234 miles of rapid transit street railways, running 785 cars,
Migraine with aura and risk of cardiovascular and all cause mortality in men and women: prospective cohort study
Authors: L. S. Gudmundsson, A. I. Scher, T. Aspelund, J. H. Eliasson, M. Johannsson, G. Thorgeirsson, L. Launer, V. Gudnason
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To estimate whether migraine in mid-life is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease, other causes, and all causes. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Reykjavik, Iceland. <b>Participants</b> 18 725 men and women, born 1907-35 and living in Reykjavik and adjacent communities. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Mortality from cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular disease, and all causes. Questionnaires and clinical measures were obtained in mid-life (mean age 53, range 33-81) in the Reykjavik Study (1967-91). Headache was classified as migraine without aura, migraine with aura, or non-migraine headache. Median follow-up was 25.9 years (0.1-40.2 years), with 470 990 person years and 10 358 deaths: 4323 from cardiovascular disease and 6035 from other causes. We used Cox regression to estimate risk of death in those with migraine compared with others, after adjusting for baseline risk factors. <b>Results</b> People with migraine with aura were at increased risk of all cause mortality (adjusted (for sex and multivariables) hazard ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.30) and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1.27, 1.13 to 1.43) compared with people with no headache, while those with migraine without aura and non-migraine headache were not. Further examination of mortality from cardiovascular disease shows that people with migraine with aura were at increased risk of mortality from coronary heart disease (1.28, 1.11 to 1.49) and stroke (1.40, 1.10 to 1.78). Women with migraine with aura were also at increased risk of mortality from non-cardiovascular disease (1.19, 1.06 to 1.35). <b>Conclusions</b> Migraine with aura is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all cause mortality in men and women. The risk of mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke mortality is modestly increased in people with migraine, particularly those with aura.
Neuraminidase activity in bacterial meningitis
Authors: Richard D. O'Toole, Louise Goode, Calderon Howe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The relation of neuraminidase to morbidity and mortality was examined in patients with Haemophilus influenzae, meningococcal, and pneumococcal meningitis. Ten strains of H. influenzae and eight strains of meningococci from infected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not elaborate neuraminidase. Each of 27 strains of pneumococci from infected CSF elaborated both neuraminidase and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) aldolase. There was no correlation between amount of neuraminidase secreted in vitro and survival of patients. Values for free and total NANA concentrations were derived from admission CSF samples of 63 patients with meningitis; 18 patients infected with Neisseria meningitidis, 10 with H. influenzae and 35 with Diplococcus pneumoniae. Mean values for total NANA were elevated in each type of bacterial meningitis; however, abnormal concentrations of free CSF NANA were detected only in 17 patients with pneumococcal meningitis. 11 of 18 patients with pneumococcal meningitis showing normal free CSF NANA concentrations were cured, whereas only 4 patients with abnormal free NANA levels survived without residua. Both coma and bacteremia occurred significantly more often among patients with elevated concentrations of free CSF NANA. The association of elevated concentrations of free CSF NANA with coma and with an adverse prognosis suggested that neuraminidase may be a factor in the pathogenesis of penumococcal meningitis.
337 INVESTIGATING THE TISSUE TURNOVER PROFILE IN LIVER FIBROSIS BY NOVEL BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING
Authors: D.J. Leeming, S.S. Veidal, E. Vassiliadis, N. Barascuk, Y. He, R. Xing, Y. Cao, A. Nawrocki, M. Røssel, Q. Zheng, M.A. Karsdal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Identification and subcellular localization of human rab5b, a new member of the ras-related superfamily of GTPases.
Authors: D B Wilson, M P Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Members of the mammalian rab family of GTPases are associated with specific subcellular compartments, where these proteins are postulated to function in vesicular transport. By screening a human umbilical vein endothelial cell library with degenerate oligonucleotide probes, we have isolated a 1.6-kb cDNA clone encoding a 215-amino-acid protein belonging to the rab family of GTPases. This newly identified rab protein is 81% identical to human rab5, the canine counterpart of which has been localized to the plasma membrane and early endosomes. In light of this homology, we have named this new member of the GTPase superfamily "rab5b." Northern analysis using the rab5b cDNA as a probe revealed a 3.6-kb mRNA in a variety of cell types, including human umbilical vein endothelial cells, K562 erythroleukemia cells, U937 monoblastic cells, and HeLa cells. A fusion protein between glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and rab5b was expressed in bacteria and purified to homogeneity. The recombinant protein was shown to bind GTP and GDP. As is typical of other recombinant rab proteins, the rab5b-GST fusion protein displayed a low intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis (0.005/min). An antiserum to rab5b was prepared and used to determine the apparent molecular size and subcellular distribution of the protein. Western blotting with this antibody revealed a 25-kD protein in COS cells transfected with rab5b and in nontransfected HeLa cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation showed that rab5b localizes to the plasma membrane. We speculate that rab5b plays a role in vesicular trafficking at the plasma membrane in various cell types.
Factor XIII activity mediates red blood cell retention in venous thrombi
Authors: Maria M. Aleman, James R. Byrnes, Jian-Guo Wang, Reginald Tran, Wilbur A. Lam, Jorge Di Paola, Nigel Mackman, Jay L. Degen, Matthew J. Flick, Alisa S. Wolberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Venous thrombi, fibrin- and rbc-rich clots triggered by inflammation and blood stasis, underlie devastating, and sometimes fatal, occlusive events. During intravascular fibrin deposition, rbc are thought to become passively trapped in thrombi and therefore have not been considered a modifiable thrombus component. In the present study, we determined that activity of the transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII) is critical for rbc retention within clots and directly affects thrombus size. Compared with WT mice, mice carrying a homozygous mutation in the fibrinogen γ chain (Fibγ390-396A) had a striking 50% reduction in thrombus weight due to reduced rbc content. Fibrinogen from mice harboring the Fibγ390-396A mutation exhibited reduced binding to FXIII, and plasma from these mice exhibited delayed FXIII activation and fibrin crosslinking, indicating these residues mediate FXIII binding and activation. FXIII-deficient mice phenocopied mice carrying Fibγ390-396A and produced smaller thrombi with fewer rbc than WT mice. Importantly, FXIII-deficient human clots also exhibited reduced rbc retention. The addition of FXIII to FXIII-deficient clots increased rbc retention, while inhibition of FXIII activity in normal blood reduced rbc retention and produced smaller clots. These findings establish the FXIII-fibrinogen axis as a central determinant in venous thrombogenesis and identify FXIII as a potential therapeutic target for limiting venous thrombosis.
Topics in Child Neurology
Authors: Arthur L. Drew
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This well-edited volume makes available the symposiums and workshops of the First International Congress of Child Neurology.   major headings are Neonatal Neurology, Temporal Lobe Seizures, Learning Disabilities, and Behavior Disorders in Childhood. In addition, an introductory article by Sven Brandt on The Parentage of Child Neurology and an article by Gastaux on the Lennox-Gastaux syndrome are included.  With few exceptions, the individual contributions are excellent statements of the state of the art. As such, they are valuable and usually critical reviews. In a problem such as the predictive, or lack of predictive, value of neonatal behavioral and neurological assessment, an article by Graziani and associates is an especially thoughtful and careful appraisal of a difficult topic. Discussions of the importance of pharmacokinetics in the neonatal period, the management of neonatal seizures, and the topic of temporal lobe seizures are good reviews.   remaining articles address themselves to the most
Abstract P3-07-13: Evaluation of epidemiological and molecular differences in African American and Caucasian women with triple negative breast cancer
Authors: RE Ellsworth, LA Sturtz, J Melley, M Means, CD Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer's (BC) higher mortality rates in African American women (AAW) have been attributed to the higher frequency of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive tumor subtype, in young AAW. What is not known is whether TNBC represents a single disease entity or differs in etiology, molecular characteristics or outcomes by population. Methods: Demographic, pathological and survival data from AAW (n = 62) and CW (n = 98) with TNBC were analyzed using chi-square analysis, Student's t-tests, and log-rank tests. RNA from laser microdissected TNBC from a subset of patients was hybridized to HG U133A 2.0 microarrays and data analyzed with a FDR &amp;lt;0.05, &amp;gt;2-fold change to define significance. Results: The frequency of TNBC compared to all BC was significantly higher in AAW (26%) compared to CW (8%), however, significant survival and pathological differences were not detected. The expression of CRYBB2 was ∼4-fold higher in tumors from AAW; these expression levels were able to classify just 64% of AAW patients correctly. Among demographic characteristics, AAW consumed significantly lower amounts of caffeine and alcohol, were less likely to breastfeed and more likely to be obese. Conclusions: These data suggest that TNBC in AAW is not a unique disease compared to TNBC in CW. Rather, higher frequency of TNBC in AAW may, in part, be attributable to the effects of lifestyle choices. Because these risk factors are modifiable, they provide new opportunities for the development of risk reduction strategies that may effectively decrease survival disparities by preventing the development of TNBC in AAW. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-07-13.