tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intrarenal artery superoxide is mainly NADPH oxidase-derived and modulates endothelium-dependent dilation in elderly patients
Authors: T. Schluter, U. Zimmermann, C. Protzel, B. Miehe, K.-J. Klebingat, R. Rettig, O. Grisk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

The present study was performed to investigate the contribution of NADPH oxidases (Nox) to superoxide formation in human renal proximal resistance arteries and to test whether superoxide formation contributes to acute vasoconstrictor responses and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in these vessels. Arcuate and proximal interlobular artery segments were from patients who underwent nephrectomy because of a renal tumour. Vessels were dissected from tumour-free parts of the kidneys. Additional intrarenal arteries were obtained from rats. Superoxide formation was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, expression of Nox isoforms was analysed by RT–PCR, and functional studies were performed by small vessel wire myography. Sixty per cent of superoxide formation in human arcuate and proximal interlobular arteries was due to Nox activity. mRNA expression analyses revealed the presence of Nox2 and Nox4 but not Nox1. Phenylephrine and endothelin-1 induced powerful concentration-dependent vasoconstrictions that were unaffected by superoxide scavengers. Vasopressin elicited small and variable vasoconstrictions with signs of tachyphylaxis. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was blunted by tiron and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester but not by superoxide dismutase or catalase. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide elicited vasoconstriction. Nox activity is the major source of superoxide formation in renal proximal resistance arteries from elderly patients. Acute vasoconstrictor responses to α1-adrenoreceptor activation and to endothelin-1 do not depend on superoxide formation, while endothelium-dependent vasodilation in intrarenal arteries is reactive oxygen species-dependent.
Isotretinoin for acne vulgaris-10 years later; a safe and successful treatment
Authors: A.M. LAYTON, H. KNAGGS, J. TAYLOR, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term benefit of isotretinoin in otherwise therapy-resistant acne. We also assessed risk factors which might influence the long-term outcome. We studied 88 patients (mean age 20.8 years), most of whom had suffered from acne for many years (mean 7.4 years). They received isotretinoin in an initial dose of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg/day. The dose was subsequently adjusted according to response and side-effects. Most patients only required 4 months' therapy to produce at least 85% clinical improvement. The patients were seen up to 10 years post-therapy (mean 9 years). Sixty-one patients were still virtually clear of disease. Of the others, 16% required further treatment with conventional antibiotics and 23% required a second course of isotretinoin. Of those who relapsed, 96% did so within 3 years of stopping therapy. The patients' age, sex, and duration of acne did not influence outcome. However, in patients with predominantly truncal acne, especially when severe, there was an increased incidence of relapse. Sebum excretion is known to correlate with acne severity, but the long-term degree of sebum suppression was found not to be related to relapse. The dose schedule, in particular cumulative dose, was an important factor in determining relapse rate. Those patients who received 0.5 mg/kg daily, or a cumulative dose of < 120 mg/kg, had a significantly higher relapse rate than patients receiving a larger dose. We did not elicit any long-term systemic or biochemical side-effects. We conclude that isotretinoin is a safe and effective therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Lobotomist: A Maverick Medical Genius and his Tragic Quest to Rid the World of Mental Illness
Authors: Raj Persaud
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Aside from the Nazi doctor Josef Mengele, the US neurosurgeon Walter Freeman ranks as the most scorned physician of the 20th century. The operation Freeman refined and promoted, the lobotomy, still maintains a uniquely infamous position in the public mind nearly 70 years after its introduction and a quarter of a century after its disappearance.

At the Santa Marta Hospital in Lisbon on 12 November 1935 Egas Moniz and Almeida Lima began the first neurosurgical attempts to attack the frontal lobes as a psychiatric treatment. They published impressive results of their initial series of 20 leucotomies within just four months of the first operation: they claimed improvements in two thirds of the patients and complete cure in a third. This rush to publication ensured no proper follow-up beyond the first few weeks of surgery. Of course, if you read the fine print of the neurosurgeons' claims you will see that Moniz maintained that although the operation did not in fact eliminate his patients' delusions and hallucinations, it did diminish their emotional responses …
Self-Management, Patient Compliance, and the Physician
Authors: Arthur Krosnick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Two-hundred ambulatory private office patients with IDDM were surveyed to determine the acceptability of home blood glucose testing, and the factors which permit the physician to predict which patients will use this adjuvant to self-management. The method proved acceptable to 80% of those with GODM and 63% of the MODM patients. Predictability factors, a contingency patient-physician contract, and a protocol for urine and blood testing in conjunction with a treatment algorithm are discussed.
Transition metal-binding proteins from three Chesapeake Bay fish species.
Authors: R Andersen, J Frazier, P C Huang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Three species of Chesapeake Bay fish were collected, and endogenous levels of metal binding protein (MBP) were determined. In addition, the induction of metal-binding proteins by cadmium was studied. Livers from freshly caught fish were extracted and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 to resolve MBP in the 5 to 20 kdalton range. All species studied exhibit measurable but varied levels of endogenous MBPs in the molecular weight range investigated, mostly as a copper protein complex. Upon induction with cadmium, the total MBP content increased in both catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis), with significant amounts of cadmium bound to the protein. In white perch (Morone americana), induction of MBPs with cadmium could not be demonstrated due to the large amount of constitutive Cu-BP present, although significant quantities of cadmium were bound to MBP. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to further identify these MBPs. Electrochemical analysis of the MBPs by polarography indicated that the wave properties of the fish MBPs resemble that of rat metallothionein. In conclusion, these studies indicate that: MBPs are present in estuarine fish from the Chesapeake Bay; concentrations of MBPs and their inducibility by exogenous cadmium vary with species, and fish MBPs may be related to mammalian metallothionein.
TCT-94 Long Term Event Rates of Left Atrial Appendage Closure with WATCHMAN Device Stratified by CHADS2 Score
Authors: Saibal Kar, Shephal Doshi, Vjendra Swarup, K. Tucker, Brian Whisenant, Rodney Horton, Vivek Reddy, Maurice Buchbinder, David Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Structured Connectivity in Cerebellar Inhibitory Networks
Authors: Sarah Rieubland, Arnd Roth, Michael Häusser
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Defining the rules governing synaptic connectivity is key to formulating theories of neural circuit function. Interneurons can be connected by both electrical and chemical synapses, but the organization and interaction of these two complementary microcircuits is unknown. By recording from multiple molecular layer interneurons in the cerebellar cortex, we reveal specific, nonrandom connectivity patterns in both GABAergic chemical and electrical interneuron networks. Both networks contain clustered motifs and show specific overlap between them. Chemical connections exhibit a preference for transitive patterns, such as feedforward triplet motifs. This structured connectivity is supported by a characteristic spatial organization: transitivity of chemical connectivity is directed vertically in the sagittal plane, and electrical synapses appear strictly confined to the sagittal plane. The specific, highly structured connectivity rules suggest that these motifs are essential for the function of the cerebellar network.
Intrahepatic Lipids Are Predicted by Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Claus Thamer, Jürgen Machann, Michael Haap, Norbert Stefan, Emanuela Heller, Birgit Schnödt, Michael Stumvoll, Claus Claussen, Andreas Fritsche, Fritz Schick, Hans Häring
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Intracellular fat accumulation in the liver (1) and abdominal obesity (2–4) have both been related to reduced insulin action. An association between visceral and hepatic lipids has been demonstrated in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes (5). However, this association was not found in a cohort of nondiabetic subjects (1,6,7).

The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between body fat distribution and hepatic lipids (measured using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in a large heterogeneous cohort of healthy subjects at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, we used a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging scan to measure various fat depots.

Subjects ( n = 78) were selected from TULIP (Tubingen Lifestyle Intervention Program). Persons recruited for TULIP are healthy subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, namely family members of type 2 diabetic patients, obese or overweight subjects (BMI >27 kg/m2), subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and women with a history of gestational diabetes. Subjects with clinically suspected alcohol abuse were excluded from the study. All subjects included in the present study were studied before starting a standardized exercise and dietary intervention program. The local ethics committee approved all protocols, and all subjects gave informed written consent.

### Magnetic resonance examinations

A whole-body imaging protocol was applied for recording a set of 90–120 parallel transverse slices. Slice thickness was 10 mm for the entire body, with interslice gaps of 10 mm. T1-weighted contrast was applied, allowing semiautomatic quantitative assessment of fatty tissue and other tissue types in each cross section (Fig. 1 A , a and b ). Hepatic …
Antibiotic Treatment for Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Stanley N. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their review of treatment of endocarditis, Dr Wilson and colleagues<sup>1</sup>recommend that aminoglycoside dosages in obese patients should be based on ideal body weight rather than actual weight. Adipose tissue does contribute to the overall volume of distribution of aminoglycosides, but only about 40% as much as does lean body tissue.<sup>2</sup>Doses based on ideal body weight alone may result in serious underdosage in remarkably obese patients.<sup>3</sup>If 40% of the weight of the excess adipose tissue (calculated by subtracting ideal from actual body weight) is added to ideal body weight, the resultant sum will provide a rational weight for the purposes of calculating an aminoglycoside dose.<sup>2</sup>
Past, present, and future of mutagens in cooked foods.
Authors: T Sugimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Mutation assay with Salmonella typhimurium enabled us to detect various types of mutagens in cooked foods. A series of mutagenic heterocyclic amines has been isolated and identified in broiled fish and meat and in pyrolyzates of amino acids and proteins. Feeding experiments showed these mutagens to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. The mechanism of formation and pathway of metabolic activation of these heterocyclic amines have been elucidated. Their contents in various cooked foods have been determined. The presence of mutagenic nitropyrenes (some of which were confirmed as carcinogens) in grilled chicken was also established. Roasted coffee beans also yield mutagens such as methylglyoxal. The formation of mutagen precursors, including beta-carboline derivatives and tyramine which become mutagens with nitrite treatment, was found during food processing. Oncogene activation in animal tumors induced by some of these food mutagens/carcinogens has been confirmed. The role of mutagens/carcinogens in cooked foods in human cancer development has not yet been exactly evaluated. In order to do this, more information on their carcinogenic potency, human intake, metabolism in the human body, and the effects of combined administration with other initiators, promoters and other modifying factors in food is required.
Overdose of diltiazem
Authors: T A Roper
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In response to John Kenny's editorial on the hazards associated with calcium channel blockers in overdose1 I wish to report my and colleagues' findings with respect to fatal overdose of diltiazem.2 Diltiazem is an antianginal drug that has been available in Britain since 1985. Six fatal cases of overdose have been reported.*RF 2-4* It is difficult to estimate the incidence of overdose of diltiazem as only one poisons centre in Britain (the National Poisons Information Service, …
TCT-184 Natural History Of Side-Branch Jailing 5 Years After Implantation Of The Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold. A 3D Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Raphael Freire, Nienke S. van Ditzhuijzen, Shengxian Tu, Jurgen Ligthart, Karen T. Witberg, Jouke Dijkstra, Felix Zijlstra, Robert J. Van Geuns, Evelyn Regar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Progression of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Risk of Heart Failure
Authors: Garvan C. Kane, Barry L. Karon, Douglas W. Mahoney, Margaret M. Redfield, Veronique L. Roger, John C. Burnett, Steven J. Jacobsen, Richard J. Rodeheffer
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Heart failure incidence increases with advancing age, and approximately half of patients with heart failure have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Although diastolic dysfunction plays a role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, little is known about age-dependent longitudinal changes in diastolic function in community populations.
Reproductive and sexual health of older women in developing countries
Authors: C. Elias
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Women and their healthcare providers face unique needs and challenges 

More than 20% of the burden of disease among women of reproductive age is connected with sex and reproduction.1 In the developing worldwhere a woman's lifetime risk of death from maternal causes is 33 times that of her counterparts in developed countries2many women face risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth, unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/AIDS. An estimated 105 million married women in the developing world face an unmet need for contraception.3

Despite the clear need to focus resources on women of reproductive age the global health community also needs to ensure that the health needs of older women, including their reproductive and sexual health needs, are addressed. Well over half of women over age 60 live in developing countries.4 As they age women face both physical and cultural barriers to optimal health.5 Studies in developing countries have found that women experience gynaecological problems throughout their reproductive years and beyond, in part due to the limited medical care they receive during labour and delivery, combined with high parity.6 As they move towards menopause and beyond they are at risk from symptoms associated …
Weekend dental treatment.
Authors: M Bierman
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Effect of two-week course of pivmecillinam or mecillinam in a group of 18 convalescent faecal excreters of non-typhoid salmonellas No of Daily No of patients Drug dosage courses becoming nonexcreters Pivmecillinam 400 mg x 3 6 0 Mecillinam 185 mg x 3 4 1 Mecillinam 370 mg x 3 6 2 Mecillinam
Art: Unknown Quantity
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An exhibition conceived by Paul Virilio Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, Paris, until 30 March http://www.fondation.cartier.fr/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl, the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the sinking of the Titanic , the explosion of the US space shuttle Challenger, the attacks on the World Trade Center, the UK foot and mouth crisis—all these have been brought together in an exhibition that explores the concept of the “accident.” Artist Bruce Conner's work uses scraps of B-movie condensations, newsreels, and other pre-existing footage Unknown Quantity acknowledges that such catastrophes are rarely unpredictable or simply chance events, as the word accident might imply. And in this sense the thinking behind the exhibition is in line with that of the BMJ , which ran an editorial on this subject two years ago (2001;322:1320-1). But unlike the BMJ , which decided to ban the word, this exhibition does not take issue with it. However, it doesn't dwell … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: F Fiorica
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> The benefit of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in oesophageal cancer has been extensively studied but data on survival are still equivocal. <b>Objective:</b> To assess the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in the reduction of mortality in patients with resectable oesophageal cancer. <b>Methods:</b> Computerised bibliographic searches of MEDLINE and CANCERLIT (1970–2002) were supplemented with hand searches of reference lists. <b>Study selection:</b> Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing preoperative chemoradiotherapy plus surgery with surgery alone, and if they included patients with resectable histologically proven oesophageal cancer without metastatic disease. Six eligible RCTs were identified and included in the meta-analysis. <b>Data extraction:</b> Data on study populations, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from each RCT according to the intention to treat method by three independent observers and combined using the DerSimonian and Laird method. <b>Results:</b> Chemoradiotherapy plus surgery compared with surgery alone significantly reduced the three year mortality rate (odds ratio (OR) 0.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.93); p = 0.03) (number needed to treat = 10). Pathological examination showed that preoperative chemoradiotherapy downstaged the tumour (that is, less advanced stage at pathological examination at the time of surgery) compared with surgery alone (OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.26–0.72); p = 0.001). The risk for postoperative mortality was higher in the chemoradiotherapy plus surgery group (OR 2.10 (95% CI 1.18–3.73); p = 0.01). <b>Conclusions:</b> In patients with resectable oesophageal cancer, chemoradiotherapy plus surgery significantly reduces three year mortality compared with surgery alone. However, postoperative mortality was significantly increased by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Further large scale multicentre RCTs may prove useful to substantiate the benefit on overall survival.
An Unconventional KITENIN/ErbB4-Mediated Downstream Signal of EGF Upregulates c-Jun and the Invasiveness of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Jeong A. Bae, Somy Yoon, So-Yeon Park, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jun-Eul Hwang, Hangun Kim, Young-Woo Seo, Yoon Jin Cha, Sung Pil Hong, Hoguen Kim, Ik Joo Chung, Kyung Keun Kim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

EGF-stimulated signaling via EGF receptor (EGFR) is important in colorectal tumorigenesis and drug targeting. However, anti-EGFR therapy is not effective in a subset of patients with colorectal cancer, suggesting that unidentified EGF-stimulated pathways might play roles in colorectal cancer. Previously, we identified KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN) as a metastasis-enhancing gene and found it to be highly expressed in sporadic colorectal cancer tissues. We recently found that EGF further increases KITENIN-induced elevated AP-1 activity. Here we attempted to clarify this novel EGF-stimulated molecular pathway and its roles in colorectal cancer.We analyzed how EGF modulates the downstream signaling pathway of oncogenic KITENIN in colorectal cancer cells. Biological alterations following EGF treatment were identified in KITENIN-overexpressed colorectal cancer cells with or without alteration of EGFR activity.We identified the KITENIN/ErbB4-Dvl2-c-Jun axis as a novel downstream signal of EGF that is switched on under elevated KITENIN conditions in an EGFR-independent manner. This unconventional EGF signal upregulates c-Jun and enhances invasion and anchorage-independent growth of colorectal cancer cells. In addition, tumor tissues from metastatic patients with colorectal cancer who showed initial poor responses to cetuximab/chemotherapy expressed higher levels of KITENIN than did responders to therapy.Our results highlight the role of an EGFR-independent EGF signal in mediating the invasiveness and tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells. This unconventional pathway might be related to the limited clinical efficacy of anti-EGFR agents in a subset of patients with colorectal cancer.
IL-6-STAT3 Controls Intracellular MHC Class II αβ Dimer Level through Cathepsin S Activity in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Hidemitsu Kitamura, Hokuto Kamon, Shin-ichiro Sawa, Sung-Joo Park, Nobuhiko Katunuma, Katsuhiko Ishihara, Masaaki Murakami, Toshio Hirano
Journal: Immunity (2005)
TRUE OVARIAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Overton Brooks
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This case of ovarian pregnancy is of interest, not only because of the rarity of this condition (there being but seventy-two cases on record), but because of the lack of symptomatology referable either to ovarian disease or to pregnancy, there being no pain or intermenstrual bleeding, and conception taking place in the presence of bilateral pyosalpinx. The majority of cases reported show definite symptoms pointing to ovarian disease, whereas the only symptom of any significance here is the rapid pulse. Anatomically, the relationship of tube, ovary and uterus was not greatly disturbed, and the tube and its fimbriated end could be easily distinguished from the ovary. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —E. R., a woman, aged 23, entered the hospital, May 19, 1922, because of severe generalized pelvic distress with profuse purulent vaginal discharge. The temperature was 100.4 F.; the pulse, 128; the respiration, 20. The patient was taken ill, May
Direct hepatic fate specification from mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Takumi Teratani, Hanako Yamamoto, Kazuhiko Aoyagi, Hiroki Sasaki, Akira Asari, Gary Quinn, Hideo Sasaki, Masaaki Terada, Takahiro Ochiya
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The molecules responsible for hepatic differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) cells have yet to be elucidated. Here we have identified growth factors that allow direct hepatic fate-specification from ES cells by using simple adherent monolayer culture conditions. ES cell–derived hepatocytes showed liver-specific characteristics, including several metabolic activities, suggesting that ES cells can differentiate into functional hepatocytes without the requirement for embryoid body (EB) formation, in vivo transplantation, or a coculture system. Most importantly, transplantation of ES cell–derived hepatocytes in mice with cirrhosis showed significant therapeutic effects. In conclusion, this novel system for hepatic fate specification will help elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms of hepatic differentiation in vitro and could represent an attractive approach for developing stem cell therapies for treatment of hepatic disease in humans. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html). (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)