tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Antiviral Therapy in Patients with Hepatitis C
Authors: Catherine Diamond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 December 2002Use of Antiviral Therapy in Patients with Hepatitis CCatherine Diamond, MD, MPH and Jea Hyun Lee, MDCatherine Diamond, MD, MPHUniversity of California Irvine Medical Center; Orange, CA 92868Search for more papers by this author and Jea Hyun Lee, MDUniversity of California Irvine Medical Center; Orange, CA 92868Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the article by Falck-Ytter and colleagues (1) on antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We care for predominantly indigent patients co-infected with HCV and HIV. Patients with HIV infection usually require medications such as antiretroviral agents and antibiotics to prevent opportunistic infections. These interact with drugs used to treat HCV infection (ribavirin and interferon) and cause cytopenia. Because HCV and HIV are transmitted parenterally, co-infected patients are often injection drug users. Like Falck-Ytter and colleagues, we hypothesized that our co-infected patients frequently had comorbid conditions that hindered HCV therapy.... References1. Falck-Ytter Y, Kale H, Mullen KD, Sarbah SA, Sorescu L, McCullough AJ. Surprisingly small effect of antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:288-92. [PMID: 11848726] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lee JH, Diamond C. Complications of hepatitis C in patients with HIV infection [Abstract]. 39th Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. San Francisco, California, 25–28 October 2001. Abstract no. 901. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California Irvine Medical Center; Orange, CA 92868 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSurprisingly Small Effect of Antiviral Treatment in Patients with Hepatitis C Yngve Falck-Ytter , Hemangi Kale , Kevin D. Mullen , Steedman A. Sarbah , Lucian Sorescu , and Arthur J. McCullough Metrics 17 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 12Page: 1012KeywordsDrug abuseDrugsHIVHIV infectionsInterferonsOpportunistic infectionsPatientsPlateletsPrevention, policy, and public healthSubstance abuse ePublished: 17 December 2002 Issue Published: 17 December 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Impact of Obesity on Neuropathic Late Complications in NIDDM
Authors: Rainer H Straub, Markus Thum, Cathérine Hollerbach, Klaus-Dieter Palitzsch, Jürgen Schölmerich
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

This cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate the isolated influence of obesity on peripheral sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy in patients with long-term non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).Ninety-one long-term NIDDM patients with a mean duration of 13.6 +/- 1.0 years and a mean age of 60.4 +/- 1.0 years were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI) (lean with a BMI < 26.5: n = 41, age = 58.6 +/- 1.7 years, BMI = 23.7 +/- 0.3 kg/m2; and obese with a BMI > or = 26.5: n = 50, age = 61.9 +/- 1.2 years, BMI = 30.5 +/- 0.5 kg/m2). The two groups were not different in age, duration, gender, current parameters of glycemic control, number of smokers, cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Neuropathic late complications were scrutinized by a standardized clinical examination that delivers a neuropathy score, pupillary autonomic neuropathy assessed by pupillometry, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy using a standardized test battery.One-way analysis of variance revealed that obese patients had poor results in the clinical neuropathy test (overall score in obese vs. lean: 71.1 +/- 2.9 vs. 80.6 +/- 3.0 points, 2P = 0.0266; 100 points were absolutely normal). This was particularly true for the discrimination perception (obese vs. lean: 67.0 +/- 4.0 vs. 81.7 +/- 3.3 points, 2P = 0.0073) and the reflex status (obese vs. lean: 57.4 +/- 4.0 vs. 71.8 +/- 4.3 points, 2P = 0.0164). Furthermore, obese patients had a poor result in the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) test, one of six autonomic function tests (RSA: obese vs. lean in average RSA percentile: 36.9 +/- 4.9 vs. 54.0 +/- 5.9%, 2P = 0.0264).Obesity influences sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathic late complications. The poor result in RSA in obesity may indicate an interrelation between pathogenesis of obesity and disorders of the respiratory and heart rhythm-generating control centers in the brain stem. Moreover, it could be due to intrathoracic fat deposits that alter lung mobility. Body mass control may be an important approach to reduce neuropathic complications. Beyond that, it seems necessary to control for body mass when comparing neuropathy in two groups of patients with NIDDM.
Coronary vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 increases with age before and after ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: A Goodwin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Ageing is known to be associated with changes within the heart. We investigated whether the coronary response to endothelin-1 (ET) and sarafotoxin S6c (S6c) is altered with increasing age, before and after cardioplegic arrest.Using an isolated rat heart model, increasing concentrations of ET and S6c were administered to rats of different ages (group I = one month; group II = five months; group III = 21 months). An identical series of experiments was performed following the addition of indomethacin and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to the Krebs perfusion fluid. In a third series of experiments, increasing doses of ET-1 were added to hearts following 4 h of cardioplegic arrest at 4 degrees C.Coronary flows are expressed as a percentage of initial coronary flow +/- SEM. There was a greater decrease in coronary flow in the older rats for all doses of ET-1. ET-1 (10(-9) M) reduced coronary flows to 72.8 +/- 3.7, 53.2 +/- 6.7 and 56.5 +/- 10.7% for groups I-III respectively (P = 0.01 I vs. II; P = 0.1 I vs. III). A similar response to ET-1 was seen in hearts perfused with indomethacin and L-NAME when compared to those perfused without (P = NS). Perfusion with ET-1 (10(-9) M) following 4 h of cardioplegic arrest reduced coronary flows to 40.5 +/- 4.9, 26.8 +/- 4.8 and 24.1 +/- 3.9%, respectively (P = 0.08 I vs. II; P = 0.03 I vs. III). Perfusion with S6c (10(-10) M) produced coronary flows of 93.3 +/- 5.5, 77.0 +/- 3.5 and 73.9 +/- 3.9% for groups I-III, respectively (P = 0.03 I vs. II; P = 0.01 I vs. III). Perfusion with S6c (10(-9) M) in the presence of L-NAME and indomethacin reduced coronary flows to 85.7 +/- 3.0, 81.6 +/- 2.2 and 74.6 +/- 3.6% (P = NS I vs. II; P = 0.03 I vs. III).The coronary vasoconstrictor response to ET-1 and S6c increases with age. The increased vasoconstriction in response to ET-1 is independent of the decrease in NO release seen with ageing.
The misconduct of redundant publication.
Authors: M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

Combination DMARD therapy for rheumatoid arthritis approaches needs to be considered; triple therapy has been reported to be well tolerated at three to five years, while similar data are not available for methotrexate and cyclosporin A.The success of combination DMARD therapy in recent double blind controlled studies is encouraging.2223As is frequently the case, however, the success of these approaches raises as many questions as it answers.Should all patients with rheumatoid arthritis receive combination DMARD therapy, or should it be reserved for only those with severe disease?Are there ways to predict who will respond best?When in the course of disease should com- binations be used?Which combinations are best, or does this vary among patients?After an excellent response occurs, can some or all of these drugs be tapered or discontinued?Where do biological agents fit in, and should they be used in combinations?I do not have the answer to any of these questions.Until these answers are available, we will have to do as we have always done-make the best decisions we can based on the limited data available.As I stated earlier, our goal when treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis should be remission.As we try to achieve this goal, the data available now support the use of certain combinations of DMARD.Whether combinations should be used early in the disease process as suggested by Wilske and Healey'5 or added later is still open to question.As we better understand the mechanisms of actions of drugs and the disease process itself, we will be able to intervene more intelligently at the right time with the right drugs or combinations of drugs to improve the long term outcome for our patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
When Disability Benefits Make Patients Sicker
Authors: Sally L. Satel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Schizophrenia and addiction are two disorders that are difficult to treat, but when combined — resulting in a compound condition, or “dual diagnosis” — each disorder usually complicates the other. Drugs and alcohol may exacerbate hallucinations and delusions, and the cognitive and social deficits of schizophrenia can make people especially vulnerable to substance abuse and less able to benefit from standard treatment of addiction.1,2 Treating patients with dual diagnoses is challenging enough, but it becomes even more daunting when patients use their disability checks to buy drugs and alcohol. In this issue of the Journal, Shaner and colleagues describe . . .
Size of the needle for infant vaccination
Authors: Richard Kent Zimmerman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Longer needles reduce incidence of local reactions 

V accine safety is a contentious issue, and parental concern continues.1 An online survey (Harris Poll) in 2004 showed that half of parents are concerned that a child might develop a long term medical condition as a result of vaccination, and 10% are “uncomfortable” having their child vaccinated owing to “health reasons.”2 These parental concerns may be fuelled by the increasing number of websites making serious allegations about vaccine safety.3

Independent bodies—for example, the US Institute of Medicine—have reviewed the evidence for several vaccines and have generally found them to be safe, albeit with rare risks such as anaphylaxis.4 However, local reactions to vaccines are common—ranging from 6% to 50%, depending on the vaccine, definition of local reaction, and dose number in a series—and this can contribute to the safety concerns expressed by parents. Local reactions can be reduced either by using less reactogenic vaccines, such as …
Adolescent Enuresis
Authors: Solbritt Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Nocturnal enuresis, or wetting of the bed, is a condition which has been known for centuries. The array of theories regarding its etiology and cure is overwhelming, as is the volume of papers written on the subject. In spite of this, very little of a definite nature is known. The confusion stems from the publication of positive findings by investigators in quite different fields which are not readily reconciled. Enuresis has been said to be due to delayed or immature development, and parents are frequently reassured that if enuresis has not stopped before, puberty will surely bring an end to wet beds. But, neurological investigations often report epileptiform or slow brain waves among enuretics, while urologists find local urological abnormalities. The psychiatrist tells us the enuretic is a disturbed child, while the socially oriented investigator blames the family and its poor adjustment. The present study represents an attempt to sort
Esomeprazole did not improve asthma symptoms in poorly controlled asthma
Authors: Felix S.F. Ram
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club18 August 2009Esomeprazole did not improve asthma symptoms in poorly controlled asthmaFelix S.F. Ram, PhD, Clinical PharmacologistFelix S.F. Ram, PhD, Clinical PharmacologistMassey University, School of Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand (F.S.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMastronarde JG, Anthonisen NR, Castro M, et al. Efficacy of esomeprazole for treatment of poorly controlled asthma. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1487-99. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19357404Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Allerg & Immunol: Pulmonology: References1 Kiljander TO, Harding SM, Field SK, et al. Effects of esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily on asthma: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:1091−7. [PMID: 16357331] Google Scholar2 Littner MR, Leung FW, Ballard ED 2nd, et al. Effects of 24 weeks of lansoprazole therapy on asthma symptoms, exacerbations, quality of life, and pulmonary function in adult asthmatic patients with acid reflux symptoms. Chest. 2005;128:1128−35. [PMID: 16162697] Google Scholar3 Størdal K, Johannesdottir GB, Bentsen BS, et al. Acid suppression does not change respiratory symptoms in children with asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:956−60. [PMID: 16113133] Google Scholar4 Sopo SM, Radzik D, Calvani M. Does treatment with proton pump inhibitors for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) improve asthma symptoms in children with asthma and GERD? A systematic review. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009;19:1−5. [PMID: 19274922] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Massey University, School of Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand (F.S.R.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 August 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 August 2009Volume 151, Issue 4Page: JC2-10KeywordsAsthmaForced expiratory volume in the first second of expirationGastroesophageal reflux diseaseLungsPulmonary functionPulmonary medicineQuality of lifeQuestionnairesSafetySpirometry ePublished: 18 August 2009 Issue Published: 18 August 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Association Between the Initiation of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy and the Risk of Herpes Zoster
Authors: Kevin L. Winthrop, John W. Baddley, Lang Chen, Liyan Liu, Carlos G. Grijalva, Elizabeth Delzell, Timothy Beukelman, Nivedita M. Patkar, Fenglong Xie, Kenneth G. Saag, Lisa J. Herrinton, Daniel H. Solomon, James D. Lewis, Jeffrey R. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Herpes zoster reactivation disproportionately affects patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is unclear whether anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy elevates herpes zoster risk.To ascertain whether initiation of anti-TNF therapy compared with nonbiologic comparators is associated with increased herpes zoster risk.We identified new users of anti-TNF therapy among cohorts of patients with RA, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis from 1998 through 2007 within a large US multi-institutional collaboration combining data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly, Tennessee Medicaid, and national Medicaid/Medicare programs. We compared herpes zoster incidence between new anti-TNF users (n=33,324) and patients initiating nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (n=25,742) within each inflammatory disease cohort (last participant follow-up December 31, 2007). Within these cohorts, we used Cox regression models to compare propensity score-adjusted herpes zoster incidence between new anti-TNF and nonbiologic DMARD users while controlling for baseline corticosteroid use.Incidence of herpes zoster cases occurring after initiation of new anti-TNF or nonbiologic DMARD therapy.Among 33,324 new users of anti-TNF therapy, we identified 310 herpes zoster cases. Crude incidence rates among anti-TNF users were 12.1 per 1000 patient-years (95% CI, 10.7-13.6) for RA, 11.3 per 1000 patient-years (95% CI, 7.7-16.7) for inflammatory bowel disease, and 4.4 per 1000 patient-years (95% CI, 2.8-7.0) for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis. Baseline use of corticosteroids of 10 mg/d or greater among all disease indications was associated with elevated risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.13 [95% CI, 1.64-2.75]) compared with no baseline use. For patients with RA, adjusted incidence rates were similar between anti-TNF and nonbiologic DMARD initiators (adjusted HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.77-1.29]) and comparable between all 3 anti-TNF therapies studied. Across all disease indications, the adjusted HR was 1.09 (95% CI, 0.88-1.36).Among patients with RA and other inflammatory diseases, those who initiated anti-TNF therapies were not at higher risk of herpes zoster compared with patients who initiated nonbiologic treatment regimens.
Some operating theatres used only half time
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A Canadian study has shown higher rates of leukaemia among children who were exposed at an early age to electromagnetic fields in their homes than among those less exposed.But it does not show that these fields cause cancer, and a separate, US study concludes independently that the evidence for a causal relation is weak.The Canadian study, carried out by researchers at the University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, with partial funding from the Ontario Hydro Services Company and the Canadian Electrical Association, was reported in two separate papers in the International
Population growth and climate change
Authors: J. Guillebaud, P. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Universal access to family planning should be the priority

The world’s population now exceeds 6700 million, and humankind’s consumption of fossil fuels, fresh water, crops, fish, and forests exceeds supply.1 These facts are connected. The annual increase in population of about 79 million means that every week an extra 1.5 million people need food and somewhere to live. This amounts to a huge new city each week, somewhere, which destroys wildlife habitats and augments world fossil fuel consumption. Every person born adds to greenhouse gas emissions, and escaping poverty is impossible without these emissions increasing. Resourcing contraception therefore helps to combat climate change, although it is not a substitute for high emitters reducing their per capita emissions. In 1798 Malthus predicted that as the population increased exponentially, shortfalls in food supply would be unavoidable.2 A sevenfold increase in the population has led, 210 years later, to unprecedented food shortages, escalating prices, and riots. Until these events Borlaug’s “green revolution”3 had seemingly proved Malthus wrong. Yet fertilisers, pesticides, tractors, and transport are dependent on fossil fuels, which apart from being in short supply, exacerbate climate change.4 …
Abstract 5633: Co-targeting the IGF1R pathway and compensatory signaling enhances cytotoxicity in head and neck cancer.
Authors: Mark J. Axelrod, Daniel Gioeli, Elizabeth R. Sharlow, Mark C. Conaway, Rolando E. Mendez, Ashraf Khalil, Linnea Taniguchi, Emmanual F. Petricoin, Stephanie Leimgruber, Michael J. Weber, Mark J. Jameson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The 5-year survival rate for patients with cancer of the Head and Neck (HNC) has not significantly improved over the past decade. Clearly, new therapeutic targets and strategies for employing existing targeted and cytotoxic therapies are needed. Studies have shown both expression and phosphorylation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in both head and neck cancer cell lines and patient tumor samples. We found that small molecule inhibitors targeting IGF1R, when used as a single agent, caused varying degrees of cytotoxicity in HNC cell lines. In order to determine whether the variable biological response to IGF1R inhibition was caused by differences in the effects of the IGF1R inhibitors on the cell signaling networks of the HNC cell lines, we performed reverse phase proteomic array analysis on a panel of HNC cell lines treated with IGF1R inhibitors. Preliminary results suggest that treatment with IGF1R inhibitors caused increased expression and/or phosphorylation of a number of proteins in the array. We hypothesize that these alterations represent compensatory signaling pathways that provide resistance to cytotoxicity upon treatment with IGF1R inhibitors. In order to identify possible mechanisms of compensation for the loss of IGF1R pathway signaling, we screened a panel of small molecule inhibitors of the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway against a panel of inhibitors of proteins important in HNC cell signaling Preliminary results indicate that the inhibition of epigenetic modifying proteins as well as members of canonical cell signaling pathways in combination with inhibition of IGF1R signaling leads to a synergistic increase in cytotoxicity. This suggests that compensatory mechanisms exist in HNC that serve to blunt the cytotoxic effect of inhibition of IGF1R. Co-targeting IGF1R and members of these compensatory pathways may be a viable therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: Mark J. Axelrod, Daniel Gioeli, Elizabeth R. Sharlow, Mark C. Conaway, Rolando E. Mendez, Ashraf Khalil, Linnea Taniguchi, Emmanual F. Petricoin, Stephanie Leimgruber, Michael J. Weber, Mark J. Jameson. Co-targeting the IGF1R pathway and compensatory signaling enhances cytotoxicity in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5633. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5633
Profilin 1 is essential for retention and metabolism of mouse hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow
Authors: Junke Zheng, Zhigang Lu, Fatih Kocabas, Ralph T. Böttcher, Mercedes Costell, Xunlei Kang, Xiaoye Liu, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Qianming Wang, Guo-Qiang Chen, Hesham Sadek, Cheng Cheng Zhang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Bortezomib modulates surface CD20 in B-cell malignancies and affects rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity
Authors: Jacek Bil, Magdalena Winiarska, Dominika Nowis, Kamil Bojarczuk, Anna Dąbrowska-Iwanicka, Grzegorz W. Basak, Kazimierz Sułek, Marek Jakobisiak, Jakub Golab
Journal: Blood (2010)
Myasthenia Gravis, Autoantibodies, and HL-A Antigens
Authors: T. E. W. Feltkamp, P. M. Van Den Berg-Loonen, L. E. Nijenhuis, C. P. Engelfriet, A. L. Van Rossum, J. J. Van Loghem, H. J. G. H. Oosterhuis
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The serum of 100 patients with myasthenia gravis and 441 of their first-degree relatives was studied for the presence of autoantibodies against several antigens. Antibodies to skeletal muscle were present in 22% of the patients and in 2% of the relatives. Both these frequencies were significantly higher than those in matched control subjects. Also, antinuclear antibodies were present more often both in the patients and in the relatives. Typing for HL-A antigens had shown a positive correlation between HL-A 8 and myasthenia gravis which was significantly higher in women than in men. Antibodies to skeletal muscle and thymomas were found to be much rarer in HL-A 8-positive patients than in HL-A 8-negative patients; HL-A 8-positive patients acquired the disease at an earlier age. HL-A 2-positive patients more often had thymomas and antibodies to skeletal muscle than HL-A 2-negative patients; HL-A 2-positive patients acquired myasthenia gravis at a later age. The fact that the clinical aspects of the HL-A 8-negative and HL-A 2-positive patients were different from those of the HL-A 8-positive and HL-A 2-negative patients justifies the hypothesis that there are two forms of myasthenia gravis.