tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Duration of Androgen Suppression Before Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Randomized Clinical Trial 9910
Authors: Thomas M. Pisansky, Daniel Hunt, Leonard G. Gomella, Mahul B. Amin, Alexander G. Balogh, Daniel M. Chinn, Michael J. Seider, Marie Duclos, Seth A. Rosenthal, Glenn S. Bauman, Elizabeth M. Gore, Marvin Z. Rotman, Himanshu R. Lukka, William U. Shipley, James J. Dignam, Howard M. Sandler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To determine whether prolonged androgen suppression (AS) duration before radiotherapy improves survival and disease control in prostate cancer. Patients and Methods One thousand five hundred seventy-nine men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of AS followed by radiotherapy with an additional 8 weeks of concurrent AS (16 weeks total) or to 28 weeks of AS followed by radiotherapy with an additional 8 weeks of AS (36 weeks total). The trial sought primarily to detect a 33% reduction in the hazard of prostate cancer death in the 28-week assignment. Time-to-event end points are reported for up to 10 years of follow-up. Results There were no between-group differences in baseline characteristics of 1,489 eligible patients with follow-up. For the 8- and 28-week assignments, 10-year disease-specific survival rates were 95% (95% CI, 93.3% to 97.0%) and 96% (95% CI, 94.6% to 98.0%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; P = .45), respectively, and 10-year overall survival rates were 66% (95% CI, 62.0% to 69.9%) and 67% (95% CI, 63.0% to 70.8%; HR, 0.95; P = .62), respectively. For the 8- and 28-week assignments, 10-year cumulative incidences of locoregional progression were 6% (95% CI, 4.3% to 8.0%) and 4% (95% CI, 2.5% to 5.7%; HR, 0.65; P = .07), respectively; 10-year distant metastasis cumulative incidences were 6% (95% CI, 4.0% to 7.7%) and 6% (95% CI, 4.0% to 7.6%; HR, 1.07; P = .80), respectively; and 10-year prostate-specific antigen–based recurrence cumulative incidences were 27% (95% CI, 23.1% to 29.8%) and 27% (95% CI, 23.4% to 30.3%; HR, 0.97; P = .77), respectively. Conclusion Extending AS duration from 8 weeks to 28 weeks before radiotherapy did not improve outcomes. A lower than expected prostate cancer death rate reduced ability to detect a between-group difference in disease-specific survival. The schedule of 8 weeks of AS before radiotherapy plus 8 weeks of AS during radiotherapy remains a standard of care in intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
Loose Cartilages in the Knee-Joint
Authors: W. J. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1886)

fDec.11, 18A6.material such as sterilised bouillon, or with putrid material.The Pasteurian diseage was specific, and verY distinctly characterised by its course and symptoms, which were diferent from those of any other diseas; it invariably ended fatally, and was transmissible by inocu- lation from animal to animal.Dr. Hime did not give the statistics .withregard to the success of Pasteur's treatment, but stated that the nrotection afforded to dogs by Pasteur was proved beyond doubt or question, and analogy would suggest that the same method was ap- ,plicable to man.Dogs could be protected either by inoculation before infection or afterwards.Further, the protection afforded was against a. virus far more active than ordinary canine virus.The reality of ,this protection established the truth of Pasteur's principle.That his .practicewas capable of improvement was not impossible ; but he had already effected a geat deal in a short time.It had been objected that the inoculated prophylactic virus was inert because the patients showed no specific symptoms, but the objection had no weight; it might as weu be said that arsenic was inert because a patient taking that drug showed no toxic symptoms.Dr. Hime was inclined to think that there was a decided though slight reaction.He himself had experienced local symptoms and distinct axillary tenderness while under treatment, and in others these were more marked.He had made numerous thermometric observations on persons under treat- ment, but, so far, could not assert that there was any characteristic thermal change.Some, while admitting that protection had been successful in cases of slight wounds, thought Pasteur's system ineffectual against severe wounds.These persons admitted that the principle of the method was scientific and sound, but found, they thought, a weak point in detail.Finally, from the fact of the un- doubtedly low mortality among Pasteur's patients, corroborative evi- dence was obtained.The rabid condition of the animals in a very large number of these cases was proved either by experimental inocu- lation or by certificates from, veterinary surgeons, the statistics in- cluded no doubtful cases, these being purposely omitted.Dr. Hime expressed the opinion that Pasteur had established a true prophylactic treatment against rabies.The establishment of a Pasteur Institute in this country, he thought, was called for ; such institutions were already established in Paris, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Odessa, Samara, Varsovia, Naples, and Milan.Turin and New York would soon be provided with such institutions.
Alcoholics and Liver Transplantation
Authors: Carl Cohen, Martin Benjamin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Two arguments underlie a widespread unwillingness to consider patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver as candidates for transplantation. First, alcoholics are morally blameworthy, their condition the result of their own misconduct; such blameworthiness disqualifies alcoholics in unavoidable competition for organs with others who are equally sick but blameless. Second, because of their habits, alcoholics will not exhibit satisfactory rates of survival after transplantation; good stewardship of a scarce lifesaving resource therefore requires that alcoholics not be considered for liver transplantation. These arguments are carefully analyzed and shown to be defective. There is not good moral or medical reason for categorically precluding alcoholics as candidates for liver transplantation. It would, in addition, be unjust to implement such a preclusion simply because others might respond negatively if we do not. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1299-1301)
The Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Drug-Refractory Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: RICHARD N. FOGOROS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Study Objective: To assess the efficacy of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in preventing sudden death in high-risk patients. Design: Nonrandomized cohort study. Setting: A university teaching hospital with 500 beds. Patients: Consecutive sample of 78 patients with symptomatic, sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias that were previously drug-refractory. Interventions: Before February 1985, patients received treatment with the defibrillator and amiodarone if they presented with loss of consciousness (group A) and amiodarone alone if they did not lose consciousness (group C). After February 1985, because the availability of the defibrillator was severely curtailed, patients who lost consciousness received treatment with amiodarone alone (group B). Measurements and Main Results: The risk for recurrent arrhythmias was similar between groups. The actuarial risk for sudden death in group B was 31% (95% confidence interval, 11% to 51%) at 1 and 2 years, a value that was significantly higher than that for group A (p < 0.003) or group C (p < 0.03). The risk for dying suddenly with the first recurrence was 0.78 in group B, a value that was significantly higher than that for group A (p < 0.003) or group C (p < 0.002). Conclusion: The defibrillator is highly effective in preventing sudden death in patients whose presenting arrhythmias caused loss of consciousness (group A). In patients whose presenting arrhythmias did not result in loss of consciousness (group C), initial treatment with the defibrillator appears unnecessary.
Exhaled breath malondialdehyde as a marker of effect of exposure to air pollution in children with asthma
Authors: Isabelle Romieu, Albino Barraza-Villarreal, Consuelo Escamilla-Nuñez, Ann-Charlotte Almstrand, David Diaz-Sanchez, Peter D. Sly, Anna-Carin Olin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Real-time and non-invasive optical imaging of tumor-targeting glycol chitosan nanoparticles in various tumor models
Authors: Jin Hee Na, Heebeom Koo, Sangmin Lee, Kyung Hyun Min, Kyeongsoon Park, Heon Yoo, Seung Hoon Lee, Jae Hyung Park, Ick Chan Kwon, Seo Young Jeong, Kwangmeyung Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Effect of Treatment for 12 Weeks With Rilapladib, a Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor, on Arterial Inflammation as Assessed With 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Ahmed Tawakol, Parmanand Singh, James H.F. Rudd, Joseph Soffer, Gengqian Cai, Esad Vucic, Sarah P. Brannan, Elizabeth A. Tarka, Bonnie C. Shaddinger, Lea Sarov-Blat, Paul Matthews, Sharath Subramanian, Michael Farkouh, Zahi A. Fayad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Comparative Validation of the SP6 and MIB1 Antibodies to Ki67 and Their Use in Tissue Microarray (TMA) and Image Analysis for Breast Cancer.
Authors: L. Zabaglo, L. Zabaglo, J. Salter, J. Salter, H. Anderson, H. Anderson, M. Hills, R. A'Hern, M. Dowsett, M. Dowsett
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Aim: To compare SP6 and MIB1 antibodies against Ki67 for use with visual scoring, image analysis and TMA (tissue microarray) analysis.Background: Immunohistochemical detection of Ki67 has been widely used in assessing the proliferation fraction in breast cancer. Neoadjuvant studies revealed that changes in Ki67 predict benefit from endocrine treatment, and that on-treatment Ki67 measurements are better predictors of long-term outcome than pretreatment levels (Dowsett at al, JNCI 2007; 99:167-170). As a result Ki67 is the primary end-point for some pre-surgical trials. MIB-1 has been the preferred Ki67 antibody for over 10 years. A rabbit monoclonal antibody, SP6, has become available with apparently improved performance, e.g. reduced background non-nuclear staining. The importance of Ki67 led us to conduct a systematic series of studies to validate SP6 in comparison to MIB1.Methods: We used TMAs constructed from (i) 177 archival FFPE blocks of primary or locally recurrent breast tumours from women treated with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) for advanced disease (AI TMAs) and (ii) one set of replicate blocks (200 tumours) from the TransATAC program. The TMAs were of 600µm cores. Three replicate TMAs (A, B, C) were used. Staining was performed using DAKO Autostainer and DAKO REAL Kit Detection System. MIB-1 antibody (DAKO) was used at a dilution of 1:40, whereas 1:100 dilution was used for SP6 antibody (Abcam). Stained sections were examined either visually or using the Ariol image analysis system (Genetix Ltd.).Results: There was a strong correlation between the antibodies in AI TMAs scored manually (n=161, r=0.93, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Coefficient of variation was calculated in all cases with ≥2 available cores. MIB1 showed higher median CV [%] compared with SP6 (43.7 vs. 36.7, respectively) in AI TMAs, but a lower CV in TransATAC TMAs (42.0 vs. 51.4, respectively). In a univariate analysis of manual scores from AI TMAs there was a similar association of Ki67 with time to treatment failure (TTF) with the two antibodies (HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.00-1.33; p=0.052 and HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.00-1.43; p=0.045 for MIB1 and SP6 respectively). Correlation between manual and image analysis scores was markedly better with the SP6 antibody (r=0.71 and r=0.88 for MIB1 and SP6, respectively).Conclusions: SP6 and MIB1 provide highly comparable measures of Ki67 that predict progression of advanced disease similarly. SP6 is substantially better suited than MIB1 to image analysis, and is now our preferred antibody for future studies.Funded by Breakthrough Breast Cancer and The Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Foundation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3048.
Common allergenic structures in hazelnut, rye grain, sesame seeds, kiwi, and poppy seeds
Authors: E. Vocks, A. Borga, C. Szliska, H. U. Seifert, B. Seifert, G. Burow, S. Borelli
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Allergy to kiwi, poppy seeds, and/or sesame seeds often occurs in patients with a simultaneous sensitization to nuts and flour. Previously cross reactions have been verified by RAST inhibition. In this study the nature of this cross‐reactivity is further characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), followed by immunoblotting to nitrocellulose. The degree of cross‐reactivity among kiwi, sesame seeds, poppy seeds, hazelnuts, and rye grain was found to be very high in the patients studied. The existence of both cross‐reacting and unique components was observed; however, the cross‐reacting and unique components could be different for different patients.
WHAT IS THE RIGHT ATTITUDE OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION TOWARD THE SOCIAL EVIL?
Authors: HOWARD A. KELLY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The "social evil" is a euphemism for what F. H. Gerrish better characterizes as "mercenary sexual debauchery." The marriage of one man to one wife,<sup>1</sup>by which the man and the woman are henceforth no longer twain, but one flesh, constitutes the very foundation of all true social progress; this is the unit which in the aggregate forms a social fabric in which right rules, virtue is honored and God is revered, and against which no corruptive force can ever prevail. Prostitution is unlawful sexual commerce, in which the prostitutes, male and female, while united in the sight of God, yet seek to avoid those responsibilities of perpetual mutual care and service, the necessary concomitants of the first commandment ever given to man and associated with blessing: "Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth." There can result from this unnatural bond no increment by which the state is
Standard Parameters of Diabetic Control: Are They Reliable?
Authors: Robert J Winter, Neil J Stone, Joyce E Wise, Howard S Traisman, Orville C Green
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

To evaluate the reliability of the tradional methods to assess short-term control of diabetes, 25 children with insulin-dependent diabetes were studied with a 24-h glucose profile in addition to the traditional assessment techniques. Patient compliance was elminated as much as possible from the experimental design. The correlation of the routine methods with the 24-h glucose profile was excellent, and a scoring system for control was empirically derived. The single method of assessment that correlated best with the overall control score was the traditional daily urine test. In 6 of the 25 subjects studied, relative hypoglycemia was observed, occurring asymptomatically at night, and was followed by a hyperglycemic rebound. Traditional assessment techniques did not detect this event. Five additional patients had symptomatic daytime hypoglycemia. We conclude that the traditional daily urine tests are adquate indicators of day-to-day control in most diabetic patients, given adquate compliance. Our data also suggest that asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia occurs frequently in children with diabetes, although clinical proof is difficult in the absence of a 24-h glucose profile.
Understanding the TXA seizure connection
Authors: Debra A. Schwinn, G. Burkhard Mackensen, Emery N. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Transexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic that has been used successfully to prevent blood loss during major surgery. However, as its usage has increased, there have been growing reports of postsurgical seizure events in cardiac surgery patients. In this issue of the JCI, Lecker et al. explore this connection and suggest that TXA-mediated inhibition of glycine receptors may underlie the effect. This finding prompted the authors to explore the preclinical efficacy of common anesthetics that function by reducing the TXA-mediated inhibition to prevent or modify postsurgical seizures.
Hazards of Overconcentrated Milk Formula
Authors: Cyril A. L. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Severe hypertonic dehydration with hyperglycemia developed in a 7-week-old infant girl after she was fed an overconcentrated milk formula for five days. Renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, gangrene of the legs, and coma were added complications. Intravenous rehydration, peritoneal dialysis, and heparin administration corrected the metabolic and coagulation derangements, and renal function returned to normal. Bilateral below-the-knee amputations were performed and the child subsequently learned to walk with artificial limbs. The dangers of overconcentrated formulas in infant feeding should be widely publicized through warnings printed on all commercial milk preparations. (<i>JAMA</i>232:1136-1140, 1975)
Organisation and results of the cervical cytology screening programme in British Columbia, 1955-85
Authors: G. H Anderson, D. A Boyes, J. L Benedet, J. C Le Riche, J. P Matisic, K. C Suen, A. J Worth, A. Millner, O. M Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1988)

A screening programme to detect preinvasive carcinoma of the cervix was started in British Columbia in 1949. Since 1970 the number of women who have been screened at least once has been maintained at about 85% of the population at risk. More than 500 000 cervical smears are being examined each year in the central laboratory. There has been an appreciable increase in the number of cases and rates of carcinoma in situ seen since 1970, particularly in women between 20 and 30 years of age. Since the programme started over 26 000 cases of squamous carcinoma in situ have been detected and treated. The incidence of clinically invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix has fallen by 78% during the period under review, and mortality from squamous carcinoma of the cervix has fallen by 72%. A colposcopy programme, introduced throughout British Columbia over the past 12 years, has been important in reducing the problems of managing preinvasive lesions, particularly in younger women. It is concluded that the reduction in morbidity and mortality from invasive squamous cancer of the cervix in British Columbia over the past 30 years is directly attributable to the province wide screening programme and that a large potential increase in invasive cervical cancer rates among younger women is being prevented.
Treatment of Nongonococcal Urethritis
Authors: Louis J. Papa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 December 1993Treatment of Nongonococcal UrethritisLouis J. Papa, MDLouis J. Papa, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The study by Romanowski and associates [1] regarding the efficacy of minocycline in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis and mucopurulent cervicitis leaves me confused. Their results appear to support the hypothesis that minocycline is as effective as doxycycline, but it seems a bit premature to suggest that their findings support the administration of minocycline 100 mg as a single nightly dose over doxycycline [1].The crux of their recommendation may be based on improved compliance. This factor was not evaluated in their study. Their recommendation may be based on the fewer side effects seen with minocycline. However, ...References1. Romanowski B, Talbot H, Stadnyk M, Kowalchuk P, Bowie WR. Minocycline compared with doxycycline in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis and mucopurulent cervicitis. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:16-22. Google Scholar2. Friedman E. The uninsured. JAMA. 1991; 265:2; 491-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Louis J. Papa, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 12Page: 1226KeywordsAge groupsDoxycyclinePharmacists ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Methods to assess RAST results in patients exposed to chemical allergens
Authors: M. H. Karol, J. A. Kramarik, J. Ferguson
Journal: Allergy (1995)

RAST is routinely used to assess the presence of IgE antibodies against environmental allergens in the sera of symptomatic patients. With exposure to low‐mol.‐mass (chemical) allergens, RAST is also done, but the interpretation of results is more difficult. A study was undertaken to assess methods which have been employed to determine the positivity of sera and to develop an objective, statistically based procedure for determination of RAST positivity to chemical allergens. Sera were obtained from 14 nonsensitized (control) subjects and examined for total IgE by radioimmunoassay, and for cyanuric chloride (CyCl)‐specific IgE by RAST. Linear regression analysis revealed the correlation between the tests to be 0.94. Equations for the 95% and 99% predicted intervals were obtained. Sera from 19 cyanuric chloride workers were tested for total and specific IgE. Positivity of RAST results was determined by three methods: RAST inhibition, RAST ratio (binding to CyCl‐human serum albumin (HSA) disks/HSA disks), and the regression equation where values outside the 99% predicted interval were considered to be positive and those ≥95%≤99%, were considered to be borderline values. Determination of CyCl RAST positivity by the regression method gave results comparable to those obtained from RAST inhibition, whereas the RAST ratio resulted in many more false positive conclusions. This statistical approach to RAST analysis was also used to assess sera from patients exposed to the unrelated chemical allergens, toluene diisocyanate and formaldehyde. Conclusions based on the regression method were in good agreement with those from RAST inhibition assay. Moreover, use of one standard curve may be sufficient for interpretation of RAST results for diverse haptenic allergens. These results indicate that the regression method provides a statistical basis from which to determine positivity of RAST analyses while eliminating the need for RAST inhibition assays.
Does the Human Skeletal Muscle Harbor the Murine Equivalents of Cardiac Precursor Cells?
Authors: Susanne Proksch, Alain Bel, Etienne Puymirat, Laetitia Pidial, Valérie Bellamy, Séverine Peyrard, Jérôme Larghero, Bernard Augereau-Vacher, Philippe Menasché
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

The limited plasticity of adult muscle- or bone marrow- derived stem cells intended for cardiac regeneration impedes their conversion into cardiomyocytes. Since murine skeletal muscle was reported to harbor cardiac precursor cells, we assessed whether similar cells exist in man. Skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from 39 patients were sorted by flow cytometry which generated three populations (CD90+/CD34(-), CD34+/CD90(-), CD90(-)/CD34(-)) expressing similar levels of cardiac (Nkx2.5, cTn-T, cTn-I, Cx43) and skeletal muscle (Myf-5, MyoD, myogenin) mRNAs, as assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. However, compared to unpurified myoblasts, CD34+/CD90(-) cells expressed greater amounts of endothelium-specific mRNAs and were, therefore, selected for transplantation experiments. Thirty immunosuppressed rats then underwent coronary artery ligation and, 4 weeks later, were intramyocardially injected with culture medium, myoblasts, or CD34+/CD90(-) cells. After 1 month, left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in the CD34+/CD90(-) group than in the control and myoblast-injected hearts, which was associated with smaller fibrosis and greater angiogenesis. The low engraftment rate suggested a paracrine mechanism supported by the greater release of growth factors by CD34+/CD90(-) cells than by unsorted myoblasts. In conclusion, the human skeletal muscle does not harbor cardiac-specified cells but contains a CD34+ fraction endowed with an angiogenic potential providing superior functional and structural benefits.