tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frontiers in Surgery
Authors: John A. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1991)

TWO BRILLIANT advances in surgery summarized in this issue ofThe Journal<sup>1,2</sup>elucidate fundamental phenomena in the pathophysiology of end-stage pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation. <h3>Lung Transplantation</h3> The positive experience with lung transplantation summarized by Trulock and associates<sup>1</sup>is a consequence of a remarkable sequence of developments in immunology and surgery. In their series of consecutive patients with end-stage pulmonary disease, the survival rate is impressive, and the functional recovery is dramatic, with improved expiratory airflow and reduction to normal pulmonary artery pressures in those operated on for pulmonary hypertension. A majority of the patients returned to rather active lives following transplantation, in great contrast to their pretransplantation status.
Advantages of deputising services: a personal view
Authors: D J Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>Objectives</h3> An operations leader (OL) takes an important role in occupational health management for radiation decontamination workers in Japan, and candidates for the position must participate in a training session to acquire the necessary knowledge as required by law. However, it has not been clarified whether the candidates for the OL position actually possess accurate knowledge regarding occupational health management for such work after the training session. We, therefore, aimed at examining the current occupational health management knowledge among the candidates and investigating factors related to the knowledge, with hypothesis that possession of accurate knowledge is associated with prior experience of having worked in radiation decontamination. <h3>Design</h3> A cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting</h3> The training sessions held by Fukushima Prefecture Labor Standard Associations in Fukushima, Japan, in 2017. <h3>Participants</h3> Eighty male candidates participated in the training sessions. <h3>Outcome</h3> The number/proportion of correct answers to the questions regarding occupational health management, such as those on working environment management, control of operations and health management. <h3>Results</h3> The proportion of those who possessed accurate knowledge regarding working environment management, control of operations and health management was 68.8%, 55.0% and 51.2%, respectively. Experience of radiation decontamination work was associated with the possession of inaccurate knowledge regarding working environment management (OR 0.140 (95% CI 0.042 to 0.464)), and the uncertainty of future radiation decontamination work schedules in difficult-to-return zones was associated with the possession of accurate knowledge regarding health management (OR 4.344 (95% CI 1.509 to 12.50)). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Previous experience in radiation decontamination work may hinder the ability to acquire accurate information regarding working environment management among candidates for an OL position. To promote adequate occupational health management for radiation decontamination workers, it is required to establish an effective instructional method for the OL candidate training sessions with consideration of previous relevant experience.
Reflex influence of selective coronary artery occlusion on the total capacitance vasculature in the dog.
Authors: D L Rutlen, R S Underwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

While the reflex influence of selective coronary arterial occlusion on the resistance vasculature has been well delineated, the reflex influence of coronary occlusion on the total capacitance vasculature has not been examined. Thus, selective coronary occlusions were performed in 65 anesthetized dogs. Blood was drained from the vena cavae and returned to the right atrium at a constant rate so that changes in total intravascular volume could be recorded as reciprocal changes in extracorporeal reservoir volume. In 10 animals, 2.5 min of left anterior descending occlusion was associated with only an insignificant total volume increase of 6 +/- 4 ml (SEM), whereas 2.5 min of left circumflex occlusion was associated with a 27 +/- 4 ml (P less than 0.001) increase in volume, which was significantly attenuated (P less than 0.001) to only a 7 +/- 3 ml increase after cervical vagectomy. Epicardial lidocaine in four animals reduced the volume increment associated with circumflex occlusion from 30 +/- 3 to 11 +/- 4 ml (P less than 0.025). The volume increase was attenuated from 45 +/- 6 to 24 +/- 5 ml with propranolol administration (P less than 0.001) (seven animals) and from 26 +/- 5 to 17 +/- 6 ml with atropine (P less than 0.025) (eight animals), but was not attenuated with phenoxybenzamine (28 +/- 7 ml before and 25 +/- 2 ml after phenoxybenzamine) (five animals). Double blockade with propranolol and atropine reduced the volume increase to 3 +/- 2 ml (NS) in four of these animals. In order to compare the influences of selective beta-1 adrenergic blockade and combined beta-1 and beta-2 blockade, volume responses were assessed before and after administration of metoprolol or propranolol in doses that produced the same amount of beta-1 blockade (15 animals). The volume increase associated with circumflex occlusion was not attenuated after beta-1 blockade (20 +/- 4 ml before and 18 +/- 5 ml after metoprolol) (eight animals) but was attenuated from 30 +/- 5 to 14 +/- 5 ml after propranolol (P less than 0.05) (seven animals). To examine further the efferent limb of the observed reflex, circumflex occlusions were performed before and after either vagectomy at the level of the diaphragm or section of the sympathetic splanchnic nerves in 12 animals. The volume increment was significantly attenuated after either procedure. In four animals undergoing prior arterial baroreceptor denervation, volume still increased 30 +/- 6 ml (P less than 0.001) with circumflex occlusion. Thus, inferior myocardial ischemia is associated with an autonomic reflex that acts to increase total intravascular volume. The afferent limb is mediated through the vagi, and the efferent limb, throug
The interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain is a unique marker for human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells
Authors: CT Jordan, D Upchurch, SJ Szilvassy, ML Guzman, DS Howard, AL Pettigrew, T Meyerrose, R Rossi, B Grimes, DA Rizzieri, SM Luger, GL Phillips
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Procedures for ethical review for clinical trials within the EU
Authors: A. A Schnitzbauer, P. E Lamby, I. Mutzbauer, C. Zuelke, H. J Schlitt, E. K Geissler
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Despite European legislation to harmonise procedures for ethical approval, <b>Andreas Schnitzbauer and colleagues</b> found getting approval for their multinational study was still complex and time consuming
Acute changes in myosin heavy chain synthesis rate in pressure versus volume overload.
Authors: T Imamura, P J McDermott, R L Kent, M Nagatsu, G Cooper, B A Carabello
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The left ventricular hypertrophy that develops with the volume overload of mitral regurgitation is relatively less than that which develops with the pressure overload of aortic stenosis even when both lesions are severe. The hypertrophy that develops must be the sum of changes in the rate of myocardial protein synthesis and degradation. In the present canine study, we explored early changes in the synthesis rate of myosin heavy chain in response to severe acute pressure overload versus that of the severe acute volume overload of mitral regurgitation. We tested the hypothesis that in acute overload, the rate of protein synthesis would increase less in the volume-overload model than in the pressure-overload model, a potential partial mechanism for the discrepancy in the eventual total amount of hypertrophy that develops in these two lesions. Acute pressure overload was produced by inflating a balloon in the descending aorta, and acute volume overload was produced by using our closed-chest mitral chordal rupture technique. In both models, the hemodynamic lesion that was created was severe. In eight dogs with pressure overload, the average gradient across the balloon was 119.8 +/- 6.1 mm Hg. In six dogs with volume overload, the average regurgitant fraction was 0.67 +/- 0.06. Six other dogs served as controls. The average rate of myosin heavy chain synthesis in control dogs was 2.7 +/- 0.2% per day, virtually identical to the rate we found in the severe volume-overload model. In contrast, the rate was increased in the pressure-overload model by 30% to 3.5 +/- 0.3% per day (P &lt; .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vascular endothelial growth factor causally contributes to the angiogenic response upon ultraviolet B irradiation in vivo
Authors: R. Blaudschun, C. Sunderkotter, P. Brenneisen, R. Hinrichs, T. Peters, L. Schneider, Z. Razi-Wolf, N. Hunzelmann, K. Scharffetter-Kochanek
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Ultraviolet (UV)‐B irradiation has been shown to be an inducer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in primary keratinocytes and epidermal cell lines in vitro. Objectives To determine the expression pattern and the causal role of VEGF in the UVB‐mediated angiogenic response in vivo in human skin and in a mouse model. Methods Skin biopsies or epidermal lysates thereof were studied for VEGF expression following UVB irradiation at a dose of 50 or 60 mJ cm−2, respectively, using immunostaining and a VEGF‐specific highly sensitive sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The VEGF‐dependent increase in vessels upon repetitive UVB irradiation was studied in skh‐1 hairless mice using immunostaining for factor VIII‐related antigen (FVIII RAG) in the presence and absence of intraperitoneally injected neutralizing VEGF antibodies. Results VEGF was found to be induced in the epidermis following UVB irradiation of human and mouse skin. Repetitive UVB irradiation of skh‐1 hairless mice resulted in an increase in FVIII RAG positive vessels in the skin. UVB‐induced angiogenic response could be partly abrogated by neutralizing antibodies against VEGF, while isotype‐matched IgG control antibodies did not reveal any suppressive effect. Conclusions Our results support previous in vitro data and show the in vivo relevance of VEGF as a paracrine inducer of cutaneous vessels after UVB irradiation.
Abstract 3810: Ciclopirox olamine downregulates Cdc25A expression in tumor cells
Authors: Tao Shen, Hongyu Zhou, Shile Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ciclopirox olamine (CPX), a synthetic fungicide clinically used to treat mycoses of the skin and nails, has been demonstrated as a novel anticancer agent. Recently we have identified that CPX inhibits tumor growth by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. This study was set to investigate the underlying mechanisms. We found that CPX slowed down cell cycle progression and accumulated cells at G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner in human rhabdomyosarcoma (Rh30) and breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells. Concurrently, CPX downregulated Cdc25A protein, a key cell cycle regulator that is frequently overexpressed in tumor cells. Further studies revealed that CPX did not alter the mRNA and protein synthesis level, but promoted the protein degradation of Cdc25A. In addition, we found that CPX caused DNA damage, activated ATR/ATM-Chk1 cascade, elevated phosphorylation of Cdc25A (S76) and inhibitory phosphorylation on both CDK2 (T14/Y15) and CDK6 (Y24), and reduced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Furthermore, CPX activated JNK pathway, which links to apoptosis, and is negatively regulated by Cdc25A. Moreover, CPX disrupted the interaction between ASK1 and Cdc25A. These results suggest that CPX may inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis by targeting Cdc25A. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3810. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3810
Oh my aching heart: a case for I.D.P. gene
Authors: K WEBER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Captain Mendoza was busy overseeing the preparation of the Tierra Firma flotilla that would soon depart Havana for Spain on this warm, sunny July morning. He gazed with pride at the ships, his men, and in the knowledge that he would bring exquisitely crafted gold jewelry back to Barcelona. A crucifix for the bishop and a medallion for his beloved Juanita. Out to sea but for a fortnight, however, his plans were awash, his fate lost at sea. Ten galleons would sink off the coast of Florida during the violent storm that struck on July 31, 1715. Only months later would Juanita learn of this tragedy and her broken heart would ache for years thereafter. As Nicole Sanchez, resident in internal medicine, read this novel of exploration in the New World, she revelled in Spain’s maritime history. Many celebrations were planned for this historic 1992. Included amongst them the 500th anniversary of that famous expedition by the Nifia, Pinta and Santa Maria, which had begun August 3, thanks to the patronage of Isabella, Queen of Castile and wife of Ferdinand V. She would further learn that in the spring of 1506, Columbus would lament of his cardiac disease and dropsy—’ ‘this illness now works me without pity.’ Barcelona, a 2000-year-old maritime city and host to the Universal Exhibition of 1888 and International Exhibition of 1929, was busy preparing for the 1992 Olympics. Working in one of this city’s famous medical centers, Nicole was caring for many patients with heartache that accompanied their myocardial infarction (MI) and the disability, lost income and expenses that followed. Why is it that some patients developed atherosclerotic disease of the coronary circulation? Obviously there were certain well-recognized risk factors, but how many patients did sbe follow who did not appear at risk, wbo in fact even exercised regularly, but had such an adverse cardiovascular
PTH-024 A Multicentre Experience of Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS) In Scleroderma Faecal Incontinence: Abstract PTH-024 Table 1
Authors: S K Butt, A Alam, K Krogh, S Buntzen, A Emmanuel
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Scleroderma is a multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology leading to the deposition of excessive connective tissue in the skin, blood vessels and internal organs. GI involvement is present in 90% of cases and the prevalence of faecal incontinence is 38%. The predominant type of faecal incontinence is passive faecal soiling, related to connective tissue deposition and internal anal sphincter (IAS) dysfunction. The only published study of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in scleroderma enrolled five patients and reported that temporary SNS was successful in four, all of whom had complete resolution of their incontinence episodes following a permanent implant. The mechanism of SNS in this indication, and others, remains unclear. <h3>The Aim</h3> was to assess the outcome on Wexner incontinence values (0–20) post temporary SNS in Scleroderma faecal incontinence. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis was performed on all scleroderma patients from our two centres who had undergone SNS for faecal incontinence. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 10 female patients with a mean age of 54 (37–72) had temporary SNS performed. Faecal incontinence symptom duration ranged from 2 to 25 years. Each patient had pre-procedure anorectal physiology documenting internal sphincter atrophy/fragmentation, a reduced resting pressure and correlation with passive faecal incontinence symptoms. Overall, there was no significant difference in the total mean Wexner incontinence scores obtained following temporary SNS procedures. Two patients with a significant improvement went on to have permanent SNS with only one patient achieving a favourable outcome at one year. The following table demonstrates pre and post procedure Wexner incontinence scores as a mean on the 10 patients: <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study shows that SNS in scleroderma passive faecal incontinence did not achieve favourable results in 9 of 10 patients. The proposed mechanisms of SNS are unlikely to be able to reverse the infiltrative changes of the internal sphincter seen in scleroderma. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Bringing home the bacon? The next step in cardiac sodium channelopathies
Authors: Arthur A.M. Wilde, Pieter G. Postema
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Mutations in SCN5A, which encodes the α subunit of the major cardiac sodium channel Na(V)1.5, are associated with multiple cardiac arrhythmias, including Brugada syndrome. It is not clear why mutations in SCN5A result in such a variety of cardiac phenotypes, and introduction of analogous Scn5a mutations into small-animal models has not recapitulated alterations in cardiac physiology associated with human disease. In this issue of the JCI, Park and colleagues present a pig model of cardiac sodium channelopathy that was generated by introducing a human Brugada syndrome-associated SCN5A allele. This large-animal model exhibits many phenotypes seen in patients with SCN5A loss-of-function mutations and has the potential to provide important insight into sodium channelopathies.
Operation drawings of Dame Barbara Hepworth.
Authors: P Bowness
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The work of Barbara Hepworth (1903-75), like that of Britain's other major sculptor, Henry Moore, includes an important number of paintings and drawings.Among these is a series of 61 operation studies made between 1947 and 1949, which are unique in their treatment of medical (rather than anatomical) subjects.They have received little critical attention because they stand curiously apart from her development as an abstract sculptor.As an artist's view of the operating theatre, however, they offer considerable insight to those of us in the medical profession.
Does sexual selection explain why human aggression peaks in early childhood?
Authors: Christina Behme
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Archer provides seemingly compelling evidence for his claim that sexual selection explains sex differences in human aggression better than social role theory. I challenge Archer's interpretation of some of this evidence. I argue that the same evidence could be used to support the claim that what has been selected for is the ability to curb aggression and discuss implications for Archer's theory.
Features of the CD4+ T-cell response in liver and peripheral blood of hepatitis C virus-infected patients with persistently normal and abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels
Authors: Miguel A Rico, Juan A Quiroga, Dolores Subirá, Esteban Garcia, Susana Castañón, Matti Sällberg, Geert Leroux-Roels, Ola Weiland, Margarita Pardo, Vicente Carreño
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Diverse mechanisms of unexpected cardiac arrest in advanced heart failure.
Authors: M Luu, W G Stevenson, L W Stevenson, K Baron, J Walden
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To define the mechanisms of unexpected cardiac arrest in advanced heart failure, we reviewed the causes of cardiac arrest as established from electrocardiographic monitoring and from clinical and autopsy data in patients hospitalized for cardiac transplantation evaluation and management of advanced heart failure (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 0.18 +/- 0.08) who were stable while on vasodilator and diuretic therapy such that hospital discharge to home was anticipated. Twenty-one cardiac arrests occurred in 20 of 216 (9%) such patients during a 4-year period. Heart failure was due to coronary artery disease with prior myocardial infarction in 13 patients and nonischemic cardiomyopathy in seven patients. The rhythm at the time of arrest was severe bradycardia or electromechanical dissociation (BA/EMD) in 13 (62%) patients. The precipitating cause of the BA/EMD arrest was coronary artery thrombosis or embolism in two patients, pulmonary embolism in one patient, hyperkalemia in two patients, and unexplained hypoglycemia in one patient. In seven of 13 (54%) patients, a precipitating cause of the bradycardia arrest could not be established. Only eight of 21 (38%) arrests were due to ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF), and all occurred in patients with prior myocardial infarction (p = 0.02 vs. BA/EMD arrests). Two VT/VF arrests were due to acute or recent infarction, and one patient had hyperkalemia. The patients who suffered a BA/EMD arrest were similar to those who had a VT/VF arrest in age, ventricular arrhythmia history, ventricular function, and serum potassium levels. Serum sodium levels were lower in patients with BA/EMD arrests (129 +/- 3 vs. 133 +/- 4 meq/l, p = 0.025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhanced DDB2 Expression Protects Mice from Carcinogenic Effects of Chronic UV-B Irradiation
Authors: Sergey Alekseev, Hanneke Kool, Heggert Rebel, Maria Fousteri, Jill Moser, Claude Backendorf, Frank R. de Gruijl, Harry Vrieling, Leon H.F. Mullenders
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract UV-damaged DNA-binding protein (UV-DDB) is essential for global genome repair (GGR) of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Unlike human cells, rodent epidermal cells are deficient in GGR of CPDs and express a subunit of UV-DDB, DDB2, at a low level. In this study, we generated mice (K14-DDB2) ectopically expressing mouse DDB2 at elevated levels. Enhanced expression of DDB2 both delayed the onset of squamous cell carcinoma and decreased the number of tumors per mouse in chronically UV-B light-exposed hairless mice. Enhanced expression of DDB2 improved repair of both CPDs and pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PP) in dermal fibroblasts. However, GGR of CPDs in K14-DDB2 mice did not reach the level of efficiency of human cells, suggesting that another repair protein may become rate limiting when DDB2 is abundantly present. To complement these studies, we generated mice in which the DDB2 gene was disrupted. DDB2−/− and DDB2+/− mice were found to be hypersensitive to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. On the cellular level, we detected a delay in the repair of 6-4PPs in DDB2−/− dermal fibroblasts. Neither the absence nor the enhanced expression of DDB2 affected the levels of UV-induced apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes or cultured dermal fibroblasts. Our results show an important role for DDB2 in the protection against UV-induced cancer and indicate that this protection is most likely mediated by accelerating the repair of photolesions.
The effects of imagery in soccer players perceptions of anxiety during penalty kick
Authors: Hassan Ghrayagh Zandi, Hassan Masomi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of imagery in soccer players perception of anxiety during penalty kick. This study was experimental study and the researcher by simple sample randoming method selected 40 men soccer players out of 200 players, they had 18–35 years of age and measured their level of anxiety with SCAI 2 question mentioned. The players followed imagery programme for 10 week and 4 days every week and researcher compared the score of pretest and post-test with the ‘t’ test. With mention result of this study imagery practice had positive effect on reduce of anxiety and imagery practice with kick training had more effect on reduce of anxiety than just kick practice during penalty kick.