tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Causes of Declining Life Expectancy in Russia
Authors: Francis C. Notzon
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Russian life expectancy has fallen sharply in the 1990s, but the impact of the major causes of death on that decline has not been measured.To assess the contribution of selected causes of death to the dramatic decline in life expectancy in Russia in the years following the breakup of the Soviet Union.Mortality and natality data from the vital statistics systems of Russia and the United States.Russia, 1990-1994.Entire population of Russia.Mortality rates, life expectancy, and contribution to change in life expectancy.Application of standard life-table methods to calculate life expectancy by year, and a partitioning method to assess the contribution of specific causes of death and age groups to the overall decline in life expectancy. United States data presented for comparative purposes.Age-adjusted mortality in Russia rose by almost 33% between 1990 and 1994. During that period, life expectancy for Russian men and women declined dramatically from 63.8 and 74.4 years to 57.7 and 71.2 years, respectively, while in the United States, life expectancy increased for both men and women from 71.8 and 78.8 years to 72.4 and 79.0 years, respectively. More than 75% of the decline in life expectancy was due to increased mortality rates for ages 25 to 64 years. Overall, cardiovascular diseases (heart disease and stroke) and injuries accounted for 65% of the decline in life expectancy while infectious diseases, including pneumonia and influenza, accounted for 5.8%, chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis for 2.4%, other alcohol-related causes for 9.6%, and cancer for 0.7%. Increases in cardiovascular mortality accounted for 41.6% of the decline in life expectancy for women and 33.4% for men, while increases in mortality from injuries (eg, falls, occupational injuries, motor vehicle crashes, suicides, and homicides) accounted for 32.8% of the decline in life expectancy for men and 21.8% for women.The striking rise in Russian mortality is beyond the peacetime experience of industrialized countries, with a 5-year decline in life expectancy in 4 years' time. Many factors appear to be operating simultaneously, including economic and social instability, high rates of tobacco and alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, depression, and deterioration of the health care system. Problems in data quality and reporting appear unable to account for these findings. These results clearly demonstrate that major declines in health and life expectancy can take place rapidly.
Contact with pharmacist can improve adherence to new anticoagulant, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The proportion of patients with a prescription for dabigatran who take their tablets as instructed varies widely and can be improved by more appropriate selection of patients and monitoring by a pharmacist, a study reported in JAMA has found.1

US researchers questioned whether patients’ adherence to target-specific oral anticoagulants, including dabigatran, could be improved. They noted that a previous study had reported that suboptimal adherence to dabigatran was associated with increased risk of stroke and death. Unlike warfarin, this new generation of …
CONCERNING MEDICAL LANGUAGE.
Authors: GEORGE M. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

One of the most amusing inconsistencies of a small class of minds otherwise progressive, scientific and rational, is their unreasoning conservatism concerning the spelling and use of certain words. In any other subject, for instance therapeutics or surgery, they will welcome investigation, and further it, admitting the duty of improving upon the old, and of pushing on toward a more simple and perfect science. But when you suggest that language, the tool of thought, deserves consideration, is very clumsy and archaic, is capable of being improved—at once they shrink and are shocked at your temerity. This attitude of hatred of innovation in one single field of human activity, while admitting the law of progess in all other departments, is also coupled with a second inconsistency; a dogmatism of conviction that the change or modification of language urged is barbarous, almost sacrilegious, that you are a sort of ill-bred upstart in
Ocular fundus lesions in sports divers using safe diving practices.
Authors: R Holden, C D Morsman, C M Lane
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

Ocular fundus fluorescein angiography was performed on 26 divers, who had used safe diving practices for at least 10 years, and on seven controls. There was no significant difference in the incidence of macular abnormalities between these groups and those of a previous study. Adherence to safe diving practice confers some protection against the macular abnormalities known to occur in divers with a history of decompression sickness.
Remarks on the Origin of Two Cases of Enteric Fever
Authors: A. Collie
Journal: BMJ (1878)

he was in bed.-OnFebruary 12th -and r3thl, It was absent; he was in bed.-On February r4th, he was allowed to alt up; and, at 7 P.M. albumen appeared, which continued until February x6th, when I put him to bed again.-OnFebruary 1gth, he got up.At 2.30, after a small meat dinner at i P.M., his urine was loaded with albumen, quite one-third on depositing; he was, therefore, put to bed, and allowed milk only.-OnFebruary 2ist, he had meat, and remained in bed.On February 25th, he got up, and had meat at I o'clock for dinner.At 3 P.M., his urine was again loaded.He was, therefore, put to bed.-On March 2nd, he got up, and had milk only.There was no albumen.-OnMarch 4th, he got up, and had bread and milk for dinner, and an egg and bread and butter for tea.Albumen again ap- peared, about one-sixteenth.-OnMarch 7th, he got up again but had milk only.
Computerizing the Blood Smear Report
Authors: James W. Linman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The first of two studies on the use of computer-based techniques for reporting blood smear interpretations involved nine physicians, each reporting the analyses of 24 blood smears via a light pen-video console. Ten physicians participated in the second study with analyses of 40 blood smears reported via mark-sense cards. In each study, the controls were the same physicians making an equal number of reports via the present pencil and paper method. Objective comparisons and hematologists' subjective evaluations were favorable toward both computerized methods.
The Lucky Rat
Authors: Robert O. Emmett
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
His Ipse Dixit.
Authors: Chas. G. Kuhlman
Journal: JAMA (1895)

San Francisco, Cal., April 25, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As a member of theAmerican Medical Association, I ask you to give space in theJournalfor the following: 1. TheJournal'sscheme for ascertaining the therapeutic value of so-called "antitoxin diphtheria serum" is impossible of execution for the following reasons:<i>a</i>, it is impossible to identify the so-called Löffler bacillus diphthericus bv any description now extant;<i>b</i>, it will require at least one year to complete the cycle of a scientific bacteriologic diagnosis of any case of diphtheria—admitting that the disease may be due to a bacillus capable of identification, which has not been done thus far;<i>c</i>, statistics unsupported by a scientific bacteriologic diagnosis, including post-mortem examination, are unreliable, inasmuch as the serum-therapy is based entirely upon the factum that diphtheria is caused by the so-called Löffler bacillus diphthericus. 2. In a paper read by me on the
A motif in LILRB2 critical for Angptl2 binding and activation
Authors: Mi Deng, Zhigang Lu, Junke Zheng, Xuan Wan, Xiaoli Chen, Kouyuki Hirayasu, Hanzi Sun, Yeeling Lam, Liping Chen, Qihui Wang, Chun Song, Niu Huang, George F. Gao, Youxing Jiang, Hisashi Arase, Cheng Cheng Zhang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Non‐anemic homozygous β<sup>o</sup> thalassemia in an African‐American family: Association of high fetal hemoglobin levels with β thalassemia alleles
Authors: Vladimir Divoky, Michal Mrug, Denyse Thornley‐Brown, Martina Divoka, Josef T. Prchal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract We have studied a four‐generation (23 subjects) African‐American family with β o thalassemia and high fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. The β o thalassemia in this family is due to the splicing site mutation, β IVS2+1G→A, that leads to aberrant mRNA processing and the absence of β globin. Two members of this family are homozygous for β o thalassemia and are non‐anemic. All family members who are heterozygous for the β IVS2+1G→A mutation have elevated HbF, with the exception of two individuals who also have severe α‐globin chain deficiency. We excluded linkage with the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin loci on chromosomes 6 and X. We also excluded the presence of all previously described determinants in the β globin gene cluster associated with elevated HbF production. One thalassemia allele is in the Cameroon‐like (HS2)/Benin‐like β globin gene cluster haplotype, and the other is in the Senegal‐like (HS2)/Benin‐like β globin gene cluster haplotype. We speculate that in the homozygotes, those erythroid cells that express low to absent levels of γ globin are selectively destroyed. In contrast, in the heterozygotes, the presence of the normal β globin allele would ameliorate the globin chain imbalance and thus allow survival of erythroid cells that express the abnormal transcript, leading to a typical β o thalassemia phenotype. Thus, the heterocellular γ globin expression together with in vivo preferential survival of HbF‐containing erythroid cells ameliorates Cooley's anemia in the β o thalassemia homozygotes. It remains to be determined what sequences linked to each thalassemia allele and what trans ‐acting factors contribute to high HbF levels. Am. J. Hematol. 68:43–50, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Weil-Felix Test Is Archaic and Misleading
Authors: John G. Newby
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Zuerlein and Smith<sup>1</sup>have appropriately recommended that the Widal group of febrile agglutinin tests should be abandoned because of their dismal predictive value. They unfortunately did not heed their own data or the past recommendations of others<sup>2-4</sup>also to abandon the equally archaic and misleading Weil-Felix reactions. Numerous studies have clearly demonstrated the lack of sensitivity and specificity exhibited by these tests in the diagnosis of rickettsial disease. While mentioning complement fixation as an alternative test along with direct fluorescent antibody testing of biopsy specimens, the authors appear to be unaware of a much more sensitive and specific test now available, the microimmunofluorescent test.<sup>5</sup>This test is available, usually with a 24- to 48-hour turnaround time, from most of the larger commercial reference laboratories. It is an indirect fluorescent antibody test that utilizes either a single dilution (screening test) or multiple dilution (quantitative titer)
A Modest Proposal in Response to Rhodes and Schiano
Authors: Mary Devereaux, Jeanne F. Loring
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. As Texas has less than 8% of the U.S. population, the number of executions would have to increase to 300–400 per year in order to offer the same relative donor pool to the US population that China now has for its own population. Even if the deaths of those prisoners resulted in the saving of lives, would the U.S. population, even those people waiting for organ transplants, tolerate a more than 10-fold increase in domestic executions? Would they equally turn a blind eye if saving such lives required expanding the definition of capital crimes and eroding due process?
Proportional quota sampling
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers assessed the psychological and behavioural reactions of Londoners to the bombings in London on 7 July 2005. A cross sectional telephone survey that used random digit dialling of all London telephone numbers was conducted. Respondents were asked to participate in an interview about current levels of stress and travel intentions. In total, 1010 participants completed the interview. Proportional quota sampling was used to recruit respondents, with quotas based on sex, age, working status, residential location, housing tenure, and ethnicity.1

The main outcome measures were presence of substantial stress and an intention to travel less on public transport once the transport network had returned to normal. The researchers reported that the bombings resulted in substantial stress among 31% of London’s population and altered travel intentions in 32%. Muslims had disproportionately greater levels of stress than respondents from other faiths.

Which of the following does proportional quota sampling represent?

Proportional quota sampling is a type of non-random sampling (answer b ), sometimes referred to as a non-probability sampling method (answer a ).

Proportional quota sampling is often used in …
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus – two years into the epidemic
Authors: M Sprenger, D Coulombier
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Preview this article: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus – two years into the epidemic, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/16/art20783-en-1.gif
EDEMA OF THE LUNGS AS A CAUSE OF DEATH
Authors: M. C. Winternitz, R. A. Lambert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

Edema of the lung is a frequent terminal event in the course of many diseases, both acute and chronic, and in such cases is commonly interpreted as the immediate cause of death.It constitutes, as is well known, a striking feature in poisoning by most of the noxious gases in modern warfare.It is, therefore, not surprising that in the cIinical and pathological reports of these fatal gas cases, death should be regularly attributed to pulmonary edema.The question as to how edema of the lungs may bring about death has long been discussed.The view generally accepted is that the fluid in the pulmonary alveoli interferes mechanically with gaseous interchange and that when this interference with respiration passes a certain critical point, the patient dies of asphyxia; that is, he drowns in his own fluid.It is not our purpose in this paper to discuss the question as to how edema of the lungs may cause death, but rather the fundamental problem of whether the mere accumulation of fluid in the lung is of itself a serious matter.During the past 2 years we have had the opportunity of studying the effects of practically all the commonly used war gases under laboratory conditions.About 3,000 dogs and an equal number of other animals have been exposed to gas and then observed clinically and at autopsy.Particular attention has been given to the pulmonary edema, which, as in man, is a fairly constant and, in many cases, a striking phenomenon of the gassed state.These observations, together with the results of some experiments upon what * This work is an incidental result of more detailed studies in the pathology of war gases which were conducted under the auspices
IMPROVING SURVIVIAL IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS WITH RENAL DYSFUNCTION: TEMPORAL TRENDS IN THE SWEDEHEART REGISTRY FROM 2003 TO 2010
Authors: Karolina Szummer, Evans Marie, Juan Jesus Carrero, Robert Edfors, Jonas Spaak, Stefan Jacobson, Tomas Jernberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Recombinant bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) as adjunctive treatment for children with severe meningococcal sepsis: a randomised trial
Authors: Michael Levin, Peter A Quint, Brahm Goldstein, Phil Barton, John S Bradley, SD Shemie, Timothy Yeh, Sun Sook Kim, Daniel P Cafaro, Patrick J Scannon, Brett P Giroir
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
An Annotated Checklist of Osleriana
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To make a complete list of a famous writer's writings is impossible. To make a complete list of the writings about him is even more difficult. This is what Earl Nation, Charles Roland, and John McGovern have set out to do. In 1926 Maude Abbott's bibliography of Osler's writings listed 503 titles of writings about Osier. In 1940 W. W. Francis added 165 later items. In 1942 he added 76 more. There were large harvests of articles in 1949, on the centennial of Osler's birth, and in 1969, fifty years after his death. Thirteen medical journals have had memorial issues honoring Osler. In gathering material for this checklist, the editors made extensive use of private collections, particularly of Osier material from nonmedical sources, which usually escape classification. An Osler buff may read this checklist to see how many items have escaped his net, to pursue various aspects of Osler's life,
Serum type III procollagen peptide and laminin (Lam-P1) detect alcoholic hepatitis in chronic alcohol abusers
Authors: Giorgio Annoni, Massimo Colombo, Maria Cristina Cantaluppi, Boutros Khlat, Pietro Lampertico, Marcos Rojkind
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis is difficult to establish by conventional clinical and laboratory methods, and a firm diagnosis relies on liver histology. Since there are severe limitations in following patients with repeated liver biopsies, noninvasive procedures are needed to assess the presence of alcoholic hepatitis in chronic alcohol abusers. It has been suggested that serum Type III procollagen peptide levels correlates with the degree of inflammation in chronic liver disease. Since inflammation is a major histological finding in alcoholic hepatitis, we therefore studied the usefulness of measuring serum Type III procollagen peptide and laminin values in 45 consecutive chronic alcohol abusers, with or without cirrhosis, in detecting those with alcoholic hepatitis. The results showed that both Type III procollagen peptide and laminin values were elevated in all of the patients with established liver damage. However, the values were highest in those with liver cirrhosis plus alcoholic hepatitis (Type III procollagen peptide 50.4 +/- 36.4 ng per ml vs. 8.1 +/- 2.6 in controls, p less than 0.01; laminin 4.50 +/- 1.49 units per liter vs. 1.24 +/- 0.26 units per liter in controls, p less than 0.01), followed by subjects with alcoholic hepatitis alone (Type III procollagen peptide 23.5 +/- 17.6 ng per ml, p less than 0.01; laminin 2.60 +/- 1.09 units per liter, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Respiratory muscle function in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Stephan Walterspacher, Daniel Schlager, David J. Walker, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Wolfram Windisch, Hans-Joachim Kabitz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Interstitial lung diseases limit daily activities, impair quality of life and result in (exertional) dyspnoea. This has mainly been attributed to a decline in lung function and impaired gas exchange. However, the contribution of respiratory muscle dysfunction to these limitations remains to be conclusively investigated. Interstitial lung disease patients and matched controls performed body plethysmography, a standardised 6-min walk test, volitional tests (respiratory drive (P0.1), global maximal inspiratory mouth occlusion pressure (PImax), sniff nasal pressure (SnPna) and inspiratory muscle load) and nonvolitional tests on respiratory muscle function and strength (twitch mouth and transdiaphragmatic pressure during bilateral magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (TwPmo and TwPdi)). 25 patients and 24 controls were included in the study. PImax and SnPna remained unaltered (both p>0.05), whereas P0.1 and the load on the inspiratory muscles were higher (both p<0.05) in interstitial lung disease patients compared with controls. TwPmo and TwPdi were lower in interstitial lung disease patients (mean±sd TwPmo 0.86±0.4 versus 1.32±0.4, p<0.001; TwPdi 1.34±0.6 versus 1.88±0.5, p=0.022). Diaphragmatic force generation seems to be impaired in this cohort of interstitial lung disease patients while global respiratory muscle strength remains preserved. Central respiratory drive and the load imposed on the inspiratory muscles are increased. Whether impaired respiratory muscle function impacts morbidity and mortality in interstitial lung disease patients needs to be investigated in future studies.
Acute renal failure with preserved renal plasma flow induced by cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Alain Mercatello, Aoumeur Hadj-Aïssa, Sylvie Négrier, Bernard Allaouchiche, Bernard Coronel, Eve Tognet, Monique Bret, Marie Favrot, Nicole Pozet, Jean-François Moskovtchenko, Thierry Philip
Journal: Kidney International (1991)
Autumn Books: "Youth's a stuff will not endure"
Authors: A W Badenoch
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In these scholarly essays Greenwood.includeshumorous anec- dotes and an occasional dig at the establishment.John Freind, a physician of the early eighteenth century, achieved fame by spending a few months in the Tower. of London because he opposed the Hanoverian accession.He was beloved by his colleaguesi,anon his release Mead gave a dinner party after which he banded Freind 5000 guineas-fees recoveredfrom his patients during theimpris4nment.Tbis flgure-(Greenwood records) was later emended.toSO- since it seemed improbable that anyone could= h carried home 5000 gold coins after enjoying an eighteenth century dinner.Freitd's support for the status quo made him popular-with the college physicians.He took a leading role in maiztining restrictions of the fellowship ofthe college to Oxford and Cambridge graduates.It is not only the vivid accounts of these men that make for compelling reading.They.are written in' a style that invites rereading in order to -enjoy the felicitous use of the English language.Bradford Hill, whose own scientific papers are models of clarity and economy in the use of words, writes in the introduction: "Much as Greenwood taught me, he-could not transfer to me his powers of the pen in drawing fascinating pictures of men-famous or not famous-tong dead, possibly forgotten."