tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Lymphoscintigraphy in the Evaluation of Squamous Cell Cancer of the Vulva
Authors: JASON BOWLES, KEITH Y. TERADA, MARC N. COEL, JAN H. WONG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: A pilot study was undertaken to determine the lymphatic drainage of vulvar cancer using cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy. Methods: Six patients with biopsy-proved T1 squamous cell cancer of the vulva were studied using 0.4 to 0.6 mCi Tc-99m HSA. Planar imaging was performed after patients received intradermal injections of Tc-99m HSA in a total volume of 0.4 ml at four sites around the vulvar lesion. Results: Tumor locations included two midline lesions and three anterior third lesions. One tumor was located in the midthird of the labia majora. There was no clinically suspicious inguinal adenopathy in any patient. Based on classic anatomic descriptions of cutaneous lymphatic drainage, all but one patient would have been predicted to have drainage to both inguinal nodal basins. Cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy was successful in all six patients. Unilateral drainage was shown in five of six patients. Only one patient had bilateral inguinal drainage, and her tumor was located in the left anterior third of the labia minora. Conclusions: Cutaneous lymphoscintigraphy with Tc-99m HSA is easily performed and may be potentially useful in defining lymphatic basins at risk in squamous cell cancer of the vulva.
A case of dysphagia.
Authors: I Pullen
Journal: BMJ (1977)

observers have noted, that night visiting rates are higher in the north of England and in Scotland.2 -4 Finally, while congratulating Mr Buxton and his colleagues on their excellent paper, I consider their last paragraph to be mistaken.Each doctor must decide, and then take responsibility for, any action following a request for a night call.This will depend on his knowledge of the patient and the circum- stances, and not on any 'consensus' of explicit criteria.
Alginate as a chondrocyte-delivery substance in combination with a non-woven scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Willem J.C.M Marijnissen, Gerjo J.V.M van Osch, Joachim Aigner, Simone W van der Veen, Anthony P Hollander, Henriëtte L Verwoerd-Verhoef, Jan A.N Verhaar
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
History of Oncolytic Viruses: Genesis to Genetic Engineering
Authors: Elizabeth Kelly, Stephen J Russell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Since the turn of the nineteenth century, when their existence was first recognized, viruses have attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor destruction. Early case reports emphasized regression of cancers during naturally acquired virus infections, providing the basis for clinical trials where body fluids containing human or animal viruses were used to transmit infections to cancer patients. Most often the viruses were arrested by the host immune system and failed to impact tumor growth, but sometimes, in immunosuppressed patients, infection persisted and tumors regressed, although morbidity as a result of the infection of normal tissues was unacceptable. With the advent of rodent models and new methods for virus propagation, there were numerous attempts through the 1950s and 1960s to force the evolution of viruses with greater tumor specificity, but success was limited and many researchers abandoned the field. Technology employing reverse genetics later brought about a renewal of interest in virotherapy that allowed the generation of more potent, tumor-specific oncolytics. Here, examination of early oncolytic virotherapy before genetic engineering serves to highlight tremendous advances, yet also hints at ways to penetrate host immune defenses, a significant remaining challenge in modern virotherapy research. Since the turn of the nineteenth century, when their existence was first recognized, viruses have attracted considerable interest as possible agents of tumor destruction. Early case reports emphasized regression of cancers during naturally acquired virus infections, providing the basis for clinical trials where body fluids containing human or animal viruses were used to transmit infections to cancer patients. Most often the viruses were arrested by the host immune system and failed to impact tumor growth, but sometimes, in immunosuppressed patients, infection persisted and tumors regressed, although morbidity as a result of the infection of normal tissues was unacceptable. With the advent of rodent models and new methods for virus propagation, there were numerous attempts through the 1950s and 1960s to force the evolution of viruses with greater tumor specificity, but success was limited and many researchers abandoned the field. Technology employing reverse genetics later brought about a renewal of interest in virotherapy that allowed the generation of more potent, tumor-specific oncolytics. Here, examination of early oncolytic virotherapy before genetic engineering serves to highlight tremendous advances, yet also hints at ways to penetrate host immune defenses, a significant remaining challenge in modern virotherapy research.
Diet and cimetidine induce comparable changes in theophylline metabolism in normal subjects
Authors: Karl E. Anderson, Reneé B. McCleery, Elliot S. Vesell, Florence F. Vickers, Attallah Kappas
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

This study compared the effects of diet and cimetidine on theophylline metabolism and examined interactions between these effects. Twelve men received a high-protein diet for 15 days and at another time a high-carbohydrate diet also for 15 days. Cimetidine, 800 mg daily at bedtime, was administered on days 10 through 15 of each dietary period. Theophylline metabolism was studied after the administration of a single intravenous 3 mg/kg dose on days 8 and 15 of each dietary period. Changing from a high-protein to a high-carbohydrate diet decreased theophylline clearance by about the same extent (30% +/- 10%) as treatment with cimetidine (37% +/- 5% during a high-protein diet and 30% +/- 5% during a high-carbohydrate diet). Cimetidine did not significantly influence the effects of diet on theophylline clearance. Conversely, dietary composition did not influence the degree of inhibition of theophylline metabolism induced by cimetidine. Depending on the direction of the change in protein/carbohydrate ratio, the effects of diet and cimetidine treatment were either additive (theophylline clearance was most prolonged during the high-carbohydrate regimen with concurrent cimetidine administration) or counteractive (increasing the dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio at least partially counteracted the inhibitory effect of cimetidine). In individual subjects, effects of cimetidine on theophylline metabolism were somewhat more consistent than diet-induced changes. The results are further evidence that diet and drugs can have similar effects on hepatic drug metabolism rates in humans. Variations in diet over time and individual differences in responses to diet may provide the potential for considerable instability of drug metabolism rates in free-living subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fecal immunochemical tests had better sensitivity for detecting colorectal neoplasia in aspirin users than in nonusers
Authors: James E. Allison, Callum G. Fraser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club19 April 2011Fecal immunochemical tests had better sensitivity for detecting colorectal neoplasia in aspirin users than in nonusersJames E. Allison, MD, Callum G. Fraser, PhDJames E. Allison, MDUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (J.E.A.)Search for more papers by this author, Callum G. Fraser, PhDUniversity of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK (C.G.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-8-201104190-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBrenner H, Tao S, Haug U. Low-dose aspirin use and performance of immunochemical fecal occult blood tests. JAMA. 2010;304:2513-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21139112Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Oncology: References1 Levi Z, Rozen P, Hazazi R, et al. Sensitivity, but not specificity, of a quantitative immunochemical fecal occult blood test for neoplasia is slightly increased by the use of low-dose aspirin, NSAIDs, and anticoagulants. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:933-8. [PMID: 19293792] Google Scholar2 Hundt S, Haug U, Brenner H. Comparative evaluation of immunochemical fecal occult blood tests for colorectal adenoma detection. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:162-9. [PMID: 19189905] Google Scholar3 Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Elwin CE, et al. Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376:1741-50. [PMID: 20970847] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (J.E.A.)University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK (C.G.F.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 April 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe faecal immunochemical test in low risk patients with suspected bowel cancer 19 April 2011Volume 154, Issue 8Page: JC4-10KeywordsColonoscopyColorectal cancerHematologic testsHemoglobinResearch designSpecificity ePublished: 19 April 2011 Issue Published: 19 April 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nanopore-Based Fourth-Generation DNA Sequencing Technology
Authors: Yanxiao Feng, Yuechuan Zhang, Cuifeng Ying, Deqiang Wang, Chunlei Du
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2015)

Abstract Nanopore-based sequencers, as the fourth-generation DNA sequencing technology, have the potential to quickly and reliably sequence the entire human genome for less than $1000, and possibly for even less than $100. The single-molecule techniques used by this technology allow us to further study the interaction between DNA and protein, as well as between protein and protein. Nanopore analysis opens a new door to molecular biology investigation at the single-molecule scale. In this article, we have reviewed academic achievements in nanopore technology from the past as well as the latest advances, including both biological and solid-state nanopores, and discussed their recent and potential applications.
Untoward effect of a face peel: toxic shock syndrome
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) continues to occur in strange situations. One of the most recent concerns a transsexual Canadian man who contacted the disease while undergoing a full chemical face peel to fight off the ravages of wrinkling, electrolysis scarring, and mild acne. The case was reported to the annual meeting of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in Palm Beach, Fla, by John R. Dmytryshyn, MD, clinical instructor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of British Columbia Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver. Dmytryshyn said that the 42-year-old man underwent a full-thickness chemical peel under general anesthesia. The peel ingredients included 3 mL of 89% phenol, 2 mL of tap water, 7 drops of Septisol, and 3 drops of croton oil. Postoperative swelling was controlled for the first four days by continuous application of cool compresses and dexamethasone, 12 mg per day. On the fifth day,
The phosphodiesterase PDE4B limits cAMP-associated PI3K/AKT–dependent apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Peter G. Smith, Fengfei Wang, Kathryn N. Wilkinson, Kerry J. Savage, Ulf Klein, Donna S. Neuberg, Gideon Bollag, Margaret A. Shipp, Ricardo C. T. Aguiar
Journal: Blood (2004)
COMPARISON OF RELATION OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME SCORE TO CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY BETWEEN NON-DIABETICS AND DIABETICS
Authors: Shin-Eui Yoon, Sung-Gyun Ahn, Jang-Young Kim, Jin-Sun Park, Joon-Han Shin, Seung-Jae Tahk, Su-Kyeong Lee, Tae-Jin Kim, Na Han
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Xanthine Oxidoreductase Is a Regulator of Adipogenesis and PPARγ Activity
Authors: Kevin J. Cheung, Iphigenia Tzameli, Pavlos Pissios, Ilsa Rovira, Oksana Gavrilova, Toshio Ohtsubo, Zhu Chen, Toren Finkel, Jeffrey S. Flier, Jeffrey M. Friedman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer
Authors: M LANGMAN, P BOYLE
Journal: Gut (1998)

Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer SummaryColorectal cancer is the fourth commonest form of cancer in men with 678 000 estimated new cases per year worldwide, representing 8.9% of all new cancers.The disease is most frequent in Occidental countries and particularly so in North America, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Europe.Prospects for colorectal cancer control are bright and a number of possible approaches could prove fruitful.Among these, pharmaceutical measures seem to be valid and logical approaches to the prevention of colorectal cancer and diminishing its impact.Such approaches could concentrate in primary prevention in at-risk subjects or be applied in altering the course of precursor or established disease.Treatments used must fulfil basic requirements of biological plausibility and safety in continued use in large numbers of subjects.Those available include vitamins and minerals, and other drugs with potential as antioxidants, immune modulators or promoters of cell diVerentiation or apoptosis.Of the various regimens suggested, vitamin A supplementation may even predispose to adverse outcomes, and antioxidant vitamins in general have no coherent body of evidence to support their use.N-acetylcysteine and ursodeoxycholic acid have promising characteristics but there are as yet no clinical data to support the use of the former in gut epithelial cancer, and formal dose ranging studies must be carried out before the latter is submitted to large scale trial.Folate shows promising characteristics but non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamin D seem the most promising agents.Both seem to reduce the incidence of disease, and to reduce growth rates and/or induce diVerentiation or apoptosis in gut epithelial cancer cells.Both are also well understood pharmacologically.They may be preferred to newer selective compounds in the same class until these newer compounds are confirmed as safe for widespread long term use.
Dry environment increases mast cell number and histamine content in dermis in hairless mice
Authors: Y. Ashida, M. Denda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

A variety of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, senile xerosis or psoriasis tends to worsen during the dry winter season. These skin diseases are also characterized by itch sensation.To evaluate the generation of histamine in the dermis of hairless mice kept under various conditions of environmental humidity.We carried out the quantification of mast cell population and evaluated the histamine content in the epidermis, dermis and serum of the mice kept under various conditions of environmental humidity.Histamine content in the dermis of the mice kept in a low environmental humidity (relative humidity < 10%) for 3 and 5 days was significantly higher than that of the mice kept in a high environmental humidity (relative humidity > 80%) for the same period of time. No significant difference was observed on the histamine content in the epidermis between the two humidity groups. The number of mast cells in the dermis of the mice kept in the low environmental humidity was significantly higher than that of the mice kept in the high environmental humidity. Topical application of petrolatum reduced the level of histamine in the dermis of the mice under the low environmental humidity.These results suggest that a low environmental humidity increases mast cell number and dermal histamine content.
Computer Programs to Support Clinical Decision Making
Authors: James E. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  In his excellent review of the current progress in computerized medical expert systems, Dr shortliffe 1 neglects an important human factor issue: familiarity. No matter how sophisticated, tools can only become useful when we learn their strengths and weaknesses and discover how they work in a number of different situations. For this reason, a program such as DXplain 2 may never find wide acceptance. Because it is intended to help the physician only with particularly difficult diagnoses, it is unlikely that he or she will ever gain enough experience to be able to use it with confidence. Although desirable, the ability of the program to review its reasoning may not necessarily substitute for experience gained with the program under a variety of circumstances.  It is unfortunate that, in his editorial in the same issue of JAMA , Mr Harris 3 chose to reinforce the fear that physicians may
Changing Pharyngeal Bacterial Flora of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Waldemar G. Johanson, Alan K. Pierce, Jay P. Sanford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The prevalence of gram-negative bacilli among the oropharyngeal bacterial flora was low in physiologically normal subjects despite hospital exposure but rose markedly in patients with illnesses of varying severity. This increased prevalence was not correlated with antibiotic administration or inhalation therapy, was not dependent on duration of hospitalization and correlated best with the clinical severity of illness. Increased exposure to these organisms alone does not adequately explain these findings, suggesting that pharyngeal clearance mechanisms are impaired in these patients. Since most bacterial pneumonias begin with the aspiration into the lung of bacteria present in the upper respiratory tract, this alteration in the pharyngeal flora of ill patients may represent an important initial step in the pathogenesis of pneumonia due to gram-negative bacilli.
Epigenetic lesions at the H19 locus in Wilms' tumour patients
Authors: Thomas Moulton, Taria Crenshaw, Yue Hao, Josh Moosikasuwan, Na Lin, Francine Dembitzer, Terrence Hensle, Lawrence Weiss, Lydia McMorrow, Thomas Loew, Wilma Kraus, William Gerald, Benjamin Tycko
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Fire Ant Attacks on Residents in Health Care Facilities: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Richard D. deShazo, David F. Williams, Edward S. Moak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Imported fire ants now infest more than 310 million acres in the United States and Puerto Rico. Colonies have been found in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Virginia. Available reports suggest that each year, fire ants sting more than 50% of persons in endemic areas, resulting in a variety of medical consequences.To describe fire ant attacks among patients in health care facilities.Case series and literature review.Two nursing homes in Mississippi.Two nursing home residents.Clinical records to describe clinical sequelae of multiple stings.With the 2 incidents reported here, the total number of reported indoor fire ant attacks on humans since 1989 is 10. Six of the persons attacked, including the 2 nursing home residents described here (who died after the stings), had preexisting neurologic impairment. Eight of the 10 attacks have been reported in the past 4 years.The presence of fire ants in occupied dwellings indicates the presence of active fire ant colonies in the immediate proximity. Efforts to eradicate these insects should be undertaken immediately, especially if immobile persons are present. These persons should be considered at risk for fire ant attacks as long as the ants are present.
Zebrafish atlastin controls motility and spinal motor axon architecture via inhibition of the BMP pathway
Authors: Coralie Fassier, James A Hutt, Steffen Scholpp, Andrew Lumsden, Bruno Giros, Fatiha Nothias, Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury, Corinne Houart, Jamilé Hazan
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
Majority view of climate scientists is that global warming is indeed happening
Authors: A. Haines, A. J McMichael, S. Kovats, M. Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Gardner states that the scientific basis of climate change is uncertain and that there are major differences of opinion among climatologists about whether climate change is likely to occur and its potential magnitude.1 Inevitably, with an issue of such complexity there is bound to be scientific debate, but the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which we quoted in our articles, is a major international collaboration: it has involved the participation of over 2500 scientists from around the world. …
Peptide‐Based Biomaterials: Rational Molecular Design of Complementary Self‐Assembling Peptide Hydrogels (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2012)
Authors: Stuart Kyle, Susan H Felton, Michael J. McPherson, Amalia Aggeli, Eileen Ingham
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Rational molecular design of self-assembling peptide-based biomaterials is of growing interest for use in numerous healthcare applications. On page 640 A. Aggeli, E. Ingham, and co-workers report on a binary peptide system P11-13 and P11-14, which although monomeric under physiological conditions, upon mixing instantaneously associate to form a selfsupporting hydrogel. Histological analysis through haemotoxylin and eosin staining of the P11-13/P11-14 hydrogel reveal an ordered array of large fiber-like networks with smaller interconnecting fibrils.
The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1 β in the Pathogenesis of Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistance
Authors: Yoshio Nagai, Shin Yonemitsu, Derek M. Erion, Takanori Iwasaki, Romana Stark, Dirk Weismann, Jianying Dong, Dongyan Zhang, Michael J. Jurczak, Michael G. Löffler, James Cresswell, Xing Xian Yu, Susan F. Murray, Sanjay Bhanot, Brett P. Monia, Jonathan S. Bogan, Varman Samuel, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Alcohol Abuse in Medical School
Authors: Thomas J. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  In the article entitled Alcohol-Use Patterns Through Medical School,1 Clark et al found it ironic that  students who abused alcohol showed evidence of better academic performance... [and] exhibited no more depression or general anxiety than their classmates throughout medical school. The obvious explanation for this finding is that their definition of alcohol abuse was essentially worthless.
Management of menorrhagia.
Authors: A L Magos
Journal: BMJ (1990)

mittees, and travellers themselves.Such recommendations are more than pious hopes: the report describes various health and local authority initiatives in Essex, Medway, east London, East Anglia, Sheffield, and Liverpool as examples of good practice.They should encourage other authorities to take the plunge.One of the unresolved issues for travellers' health care is the balance between specialist "outreach" services such as mobile health caravans' and integration into existing general practice and community health services.'2Integration is hampered by discrimination on the part of some health care providers as well as the mobility of travellers, their lack of postal addresses for appointments, and their low literacy rate.Travellers also have different cultural perceptions of health and illness from most health workers.'These barriers to health care require imaginative solutions, such as the use of hand held medical record cards and mutual education of travellers and health care providers.Sadly, the new contract for general prac- titioners may inadvertently discourage the registration of travellers, especially in practices struggling to meet immunisation and cytology targets.We need research on travellers' health needs and health perceptions as well as evaluation ofinterventions such as hand held record cards, educational initiatives, and increased liaison between different agencies concerned with travellers' health.Already, however, we know enough for authorities to take action.The government's new health service legislation charges district health authorities with responsibilty for assessing the health needs of their populations and purchasing the appropriate services.The Maternity Alliance report is a timely reminder to health authorities not to overlook the needs of travellers.