tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polycythemia Masking Carcinoma of Ascending Colon
Authors: Daniel S. J. Choy
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> One of the classic presenting features of carcinoma of the ascending colon is blood loss anemia. I report a case of long-standing polycythemia vera in a patient whose presenting symptom was small bowel obstruction, not blood loss anemia. It is my thesis that chronic blood loss in this patient was probably masked by the presence of polycythemia. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A 59-year-old man had a family history of cancer and heart disease and a personal history that included (1) essential hypertension, (2) subarachnoid hemorrhage occurring during intercourse, (3) emphysema, (4) coronary bypass surgery in September 1975, (5) degenerative disc disease of C-4 to C-7, (6) cerebral vascular insufficiency with occasional transient ischemic attacks, (7) old right lower quadrant adhesions secondary to a perforated appendix, (8)<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>, and (9) polycythemia vera of more than 20 years' duration requiring 500-ml phlebotomies every two months until 1969.
Absorption and metabolism of octanoate by the rat colon in vivo: concentration dependency and influence of alternative fuels
Authors: J R Jorgensen, M D Fitch, P B Mortensen, S E Fleming
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Compared with short and long chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have been shown to provide the highest colonic absorption of substrate carbon. Moreover, colonic epithelial cells fulfil their basic energy requirements as easily from MCFAs as from short chain fatty acids. <b>Aims:</b> To further characterise octanoate as a colonic luminal substrate, we determined in vivo the influence of (i) substrate concentration and (ii) alternative luminal fuels, on rat colonic transport and metabolism. <b>Methods:</b> Segments of rat proximal colon (8 cm) were cannulated and perfused for 100 min with <sup>14</sup>C labelled octanoate. The right colic vein was also cannulated and venous blood analysed for total <sup>14</sup>C, <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>, and metabolites by scintillation counting and high performance liquid chromatography. <b>Results:</b> Tracer appearance in mesenteric blood stabilised after 20–40 minutes of perfusion. Increasing luminal octanoate concentrations from 2 to 40 mM resulted in linear increases in total carbon absorption. Maximum CO<sub>2</sub> production was reached near 10 mM. A substantial proportion of octanoate was absorbed without being metabolised (59–94%). The luminal presence of a mixture of alternative fuels had no influence on either octanoate transport or metabolism. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study demonstrated substantial concentration dependent colonic absorption of octanoate, rendering this MCFA a potential and much needed high energy substrate for patients with compromised small bowel function. Moreover, octanoate meets the basic energy requirements of colonic epithelial cells in vivo as well as butyrate. This study also demonstrates the divergence of in vitro and in vivo data regarding fatty acid absorption and metabolism in the colonic epithelium.
What Would You Do, Doctor?
Authors: Rebekah Mannix
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Judge allows baby to die in peace
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A 3 month old baby girl severely brain damaged by meningitis may be released from her “living death” and allowed to die in peace, England's senior family judge ruled last week.

But the BMA was disappointed that Sir Stephen Brown, president of the High Court's family division, refused to lay down guidelines for doctors taking such decisions in future.

Sir Stephen ruled that doctors at a Lincolnshire hospital could stop ventilating Baby C, a ward of court who cannot be named. But he turned down an invitation from …
TCT-376 Impact of lipid rich plaque assessed by optical coherence tomography at the stent edge on edge restenosis after everolimus-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Yasushi Ino, Takashi Kubo, Yasutsugu Shiono, Yoshiki Matsuo, Yamano Takashi, Tomoyuki Yamaguchi, Makoto Orii, Kunihiro Shimamura, Takashi Tanimoto, Kumiko Hirata, Atsushi Tanaka, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Letter: Jaundice after halothane.
Authors: M H Dykes, M J Bach
Journal: BMJ (1974)

factors, including developmental and genetic, may underlie panacinar emphysema, which sometimes affects coal workers and becomes pigmented.Acquired fibrocystic disease, which in coal workers is often heavily pigmented, must also be distinguished from emphysema.On present evidence it is difficult to envisage a primary role for alveolar macrophages in the genesis of emphysema.Even in a,-antitrypsin deficiency, an un- common state in which leucocytic protease activity may be directed against connective tissue, other factor.smay co-operate in the genesis of emrphysema.The occurrence of alveolar fenestrae and capillary damage may merely represent the early stages of secondary non-specific disruption, which when advanced and widespread and possibly complicated by infection renders it difficult to assess the relative significance of the different pathogenetic processes in emphy- sema.-Iam, etc.,
Coffee and green tea consumption is associated with insulin resistance in Japanese adults
Authors: Ngoc Minh Pham, Akiko Nanri, Takeshi Kochi, Keisuke Kuwahara, Hiroko Tsuruoka, Kayo Kurotani, Shamima Akter, Isamu Kabe, Masao Sato, Hitomi Hayabuchi, Tetsuya Mizoue
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Digitalgia Paresthetica in the Foot
Authors: E. Wayne Massey
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Digitalgia paresthetica was described by Wartenberg<sup>1</sup>in 1954. Ekbom's<sup>2</sup>causes for this entity included isolated lesions of a sensory digital nerve from trauma or pressure but also unknown causes. Digitalgia paresthetica is a purely sensory neuropathy of the finger digits that develops slowly and spontaneously and recedes slowly, usually within months. A 29-year-old physician noticed insidious onset of numbness in a circumscribed area of the medial aspect of the large toe. Anesthesia gradually became more evident and hypalgesia occurred for several weeks and disappeared. No trauma or pressure could be identified. Complete blood cell count, sedimentation rate 12-factor automated chemical analysis, antinuclear antibody, and rheumatoid factor were all normal. At six months the symptoms were negligible, but slight loss of pin sensation remained (Figure). I believe this represents an entity similar to digitalgia paresthetica of the fingers (isolated finger neuritis) but occurring in the toes.
Enhanced allergic tissue injury in Goodpasture's syndrome by intercurrent bacterial infection.
Authors: A J Rees, C M Lockwood, D K Peters
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Studies of 16 relapses in seven patients receiving treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome showed that intercurrent bacterial infection seemed to be the precipitating event in 13 cases, whereas a rising antibody titre to glomerular basement membrane was responsible in only one. This association between infection and relapse in Goodpasture's syndrome has several implications for the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated tissue damage, and, clearly, more experiments are needed. Whatever the explanation, however, prevention and early diagnosis and treatment of infection in anti-GBM disease are important.
Experiences with data processing to separate the images in pancreatic scanning
Authors: D. Charlesworth, H. J. Testa, B. R. Pullan, H. B. Torrance
Journal: Gut (1970)

In many subjects, overlap of the image of the pancreas by the liver image makes clear delineation of the pancreas uncertain. A dual isotope technique was evolved with a ratio substract system. Experiments in vitro with a phantom liver and pancreas successfully erased the liver image from the final printout. In vivo, however, the results were in many cases unsatisfactory. A detailed statistical analysis of the data has provided an explanation for these differences.
Poppies in Kosovo, gerbera daisies in Basra
Authors: C. Duff
Journal: BMJ (2003)

This time the gerbera daisies will evoke memories for me. Last time it was poppies—deep blood red poppies ( BMJ 1999;318: 1707). Back then, in May 1999, the poppies lit the Macedonian fields outside the refugee camps—camps full of Kosovar Albanians fleeing ethnic cleansing. A splash of colour, incongruous amidst the misery of people who had lost everything. The daisies—pastel shades, covered in dust, struggling to survive without water—symbolise for me that there is hope amidst neglect.

I found them in a corner of the palace garden. The palace is magnificent: huge, high ceilinged rooms, miles of corridor, marble floors, and surrounded by a high wall and protected by acres of landscape that deny the outside. Opulence and gross extravagance on a scale you could not imagine, reflecting great wealth and self importance. Strange that the man for whom the palace was built liked the same flowers as I do.

> An imposed health economy will not work

I am in Iraq, seconded to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Three of us …
Pattern of domiciliary consultations in the Trent region
Authors: J. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as a complication of treatment with gold SIR,-We would like to make two points about this paper by Dr M Cohen and colleagues (20 April, p 1179).Firstly, it would seem inappropriate to continue gold therapy in the face of wheezing and rash after each injection.Secondly, they make no mention of the results of tests for rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibody.Were the changes in the hand radiograph that they describe as "compatible with rheumatoid arthritis" erosive or was there evidence only of periarticular osteo- porosis?Is it possible that the patient had systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus overlap?The information given in the report is insufficient to exclude this possibility.Detailed documentation of such cases is vital in view of the widespread use of gold in rheumatoid arthritis.
High result in prostate specific antigen test: Reference intervals for PSA differ
Authors: E. S Kilpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Mokete et al say in their 10-minute consultation that age specific ranges of prostate specific antigen (PSA) have been adopted to improve prostate cancer detection,1 but the values they quote (unreferenced) are at odds with those promoted by the NHS cancer screening programme cited in the article's Useful reading section. For example, the NHS guidance implies that a PSA > 5 ng/ml is suspicious in a man who is 70 or older, but the table in this article says that PSA values up to 6.5 ng/ml are normal in this age group.

Much debate continues around the usefulness, or otherwise, of prostate cancer screening, and PSA action limits differ, depending on which set of guidelines are being followed. However, in the United Kingdom the figures from the cancer screening programme are the ones that NHS primary care clinicians are being asked to follow.
Abstract 75: Electron transport chain-dependent oxygen consumption in metastatic breast cancer cells
Authors: Abu-Bakr Al-Mehdi, Mita Patel, Darla Reed
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although mitochondrial ATP-production deficiency has been historically implicated to account for the Warburg effect or “aerobic” glycolysis in cancer cells, recent observations indicate the presence of functionally competent mitochondria in cancer cells. We hypothesized that a lung-metastatic breast cancer cell line with intact mitochondrial membrane potential would exhibit mitochondria-dependent oxygen consumption. A murine breast cancer cell line (4T1) was used to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 fluorescence microscopy. Oxygen consumption by cancer cells in suspension was determined using a dissolved oxygen meter. Fluorescence microscopy of JC-1 red aggregates indicated the presence of highly polarized mitochondria in 4T1 cells, suggesting that these cells are capable of oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen consumption rate of 4T1 cells suspended in 10 mM glucose-containing medium equilibrated with 21% oxygen (258 µM dissolved oxygen) at 25°C was 2.98 nmol/min/million cells (Control). Oxygen consumption was significantly enhanced by carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler (7.88 nmol/min/million cells, p&amp;lt;0.05 vs. Control). Myxothiazol (a respiratory chain complex III inhibitor) inhibited the oxygen consumption (0.75 nmol/min/million cells; p&amp;lt;0.05 vs. Control), indicating the presence of a functional electron transport chain. A nitric oxide donor also inhibited oxygen consumption (0.84 nmol/min/million cells; p&amp;lt;0.05 vs. Control). These data indicate the presence of oxidative phosphorylation-competent mitochondria in breast cancer cells. We conclude that cancer cells possess respiration-capable mitochondria and their “aerobic” glycolysis may not reflect a compensatory mechanism for ATP generation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 75.
Research Involving Cognitively Impaired Adults
Authors: Jason H T Karlawish
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Although the federal government funds research to improve the lives of critically ill adults and of the people who care for them, recent investigations show that it does not provide investigators with guidelines for ensuring that such research is on firm ethical grounds, especially in the case of cognitively impaired subjects.14 Federal regulations for the protection of research participants, known as “the common rule,” require that research involving “vulnerable” subjects include “additional safeguards” (45 CFR 46.111) and that the investigator obtain informed consent from a “legally authorized representative” (45 CFR 46.116).5 But the rule does not describe safeguards in . . .
Stop-Flow Studies on Ion and Water Reabsorption in the Dog
Authors: RICHARD L. MALVIN, WALTER S. WILDE
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The stop-flow method has been used to study various aspects of renal tubular transport mechanisms. According to this method, aldosterone promotes the tubular reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule. The method also indicates that the secretion of potassium, hydrogen and ammonium occurs in a very distal portion of the nephron. The substitution of anions such as ferrocyanide, sulfate and phosphate for chloride apparently increases the area of the nephron involved in the secretion of hydrogen and potassium. The stop-flow experiments support other evidence that the rate of flow of urine through the loops of Henle affects the countercurrent multiplier system which, in turn, determines the ability of the kidneys to elaborate a concentrated urine.
Contact Urticaria and Airway Obstruction From Carbonless Copy Paper
Authors: James G. Marks, Joseph J. Trautlein, Clifford W. Zwillich, Laurence M. Demers
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A 27-year-old woman experienced pruritus, eye and throat irritation, hoarseness, shortness of breath, and fatigue within half and hour of exposure to carbonless copy paper. On two separate occasions, she was purposely challenged in a controlled-blinded fashion with portions of the carbonless copy paper. This resulted on both occasions in contact urticaria of the hand that held the paper and changes in pulmonary function flow-volume loops characteristic of upper airway obstruction. To determine if alterations in prostaglandin (PG) metabolism might explain these findings, plasma PGF2 alpha and thromboxane B2 (both capable of causing these symptoms) were measured before and during the second exposure period. Both PGF2 alpha and thromboxane B2 increased substantially. We conclude that the cutaneous and respiratory symptoms induced by carbonless copy paper were probably related to PG release.
Delayed Surgery of Traumatic Aortic Rupture
Authors: Rossella Fattori, Francesca Celletti, Paola Bertaccini, Roberto Galli, Davide Pacini, Angelo Pierangeli, Giampaolo Gavelli
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Traumatic aortic rupture (TAR) is a pathological entity with a high mortality, both spontaneous and perioperative. Delayed surgical repair has been proposed when associated lesions are stabilized. The aim of this study was to validate MRI for detecting both the presence and type of TAR and to monitor posttraumatic aneurysm and associated lesions. Methods and Results Twenty-four consecutive patients with acute chest trauma and suspected aortic rupture, as suggested by emergency CT or chest radiographs, were subjected to MRI and/or angiography in random order. Such parameters as the presence and type of lesion; presence of periaortic, pericardial, mediastinal, or pleural effusion; and presence of associated lesions were considered in every patient. Follow-up imaging was performed exclusively by MRI every 1 to 2 months. TAR was present in 20 patients. No patient underwent surgery in the acute phase; 14 patients underwent surgery at 6.8±2.7 months; 5 are waiting for surgery; and 1 healed spontaneously. There was no overall mortality. For detection of TAR, the accuracy of MRI was 100%; angiography, 84%; and CT, 69%. In detecting the type of lesion, the diagnostic accuracy of MRI was 92%. During follow-up, a significant increase in the posttraumatic aneurysm was observed in 2 patients, and surgical repair was initiated. Conclusions In chest trauma patients, MRI provides complete anatomic data to assess the severity of aortic and thoracic lesions. Moreover, along with the concept of delayed surgical repair of TAR, MRI is the ideal modality to monitor and follow TAR before surgical repair.
Sphincter of Oddi Manometry Before and After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: H. V. Middelfart, P. Matzen, P. Funch-Jensen
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: In animal studies cholecystectomy has been found to alter the normal effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on sphincter of Oddi (SO) function. This could be of importance with regard to the development of postcholecystectomy biliary pain. We therefore investigated the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on SO motility before and after infusion with CCK.
Physiological control of cholecystokinin release and pancreatic enzyme secretion by intraduodenal bile acids.
Authors: I Koop, M Schindler, A Bosshammer, J Scheibner, E Stange, H Koop
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: The physiological relevance of duodenal bile acids in the control of cholecystokinin release and pancreatic enzyme secretion is still unknown. AIMS: To provide a near physiological situation by perfusing a bile acid mixture mimicking the individual endogenous bile acid composition of the person under investigation. For maximal reduction of endogenous bile output the CCK-A receptor antagonist loxiglumide was infused intravenously. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seven healthy volunteers were studied on four different days by a duodenal marker perfusion technique. The individual bile acid composition in duodenal juice and test meal stimulated bile acid output was assessed on day 1. Bile acids were perfused at an amount of 30 or 100% as determined on day 1 in combination with the test meal in the presence or absence of loxiglumide. Pancreatic enzymes, bilirubin, and bile acid output were determined in duodenal juice. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were measured radioimmunologically. RESULTS: Bile acid perfusion did not significantly alter stimulated pancreatic enzyme, bilirubin or bile acid output or plasma CCK. Loxiglumide did not alter basal CCK release but increased test meal stimulated CCK output fourfold (p &lt; 0.05). The addition of bile acids to the test meal at a dose resembling 30% of bile acid output as determined on day 1 prevented this increase. Plasma PP concentration remained unchanged by bile acids and were mostly undetectable during loxiglumide infusion. CONCLUSIONS: The CCK producing cell is under constant suppression by intraduodenal bile acids which cannot be further enhanced by a physiological bile acid mixture. However, removal of duodenal bile acids by inhibition of gall bladder contraction unmasks this suppression leading to a dramatic increase in plasma CCK levels. As little as one third of postprandially released bile acids completely reverse this effect. Bile acids are the most important luminal regulator of CCK release in humans.