tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mast cell activation enhances airway responsiveness to methacholine in the mouse.
Authors: T R Martin, T Takeishi, H R Katz, K F Austen, J M Drazen, S J Galli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Mast cell-deficient mutant mice and their normal littermates were used to determine whether activation of mast cells by anti-IgE enhances airway responsiveness to bronchoactive agonists in vivo. Pulmonary conductance was used as an index of airway response as the mice were challenged with increasing intravenous doses of methacholine (Mch) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Mast cell activation with anti-IgE enhanced pulmonary responsiveness to Mch in both types of normal mice (P < 0.0001 by analysis of variance) but not in either genotype of mast cell-deficient mouse. Additionally, anti-IgE pretreatment of genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice whose mast cell deficiency had been repaired by infusion of freshly obtained bone marrow cells or bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells from congenic normal mice led to significant (P < 0.0001) enhancement of Mch responsiveness. 5-HT responsiveness was not significantly influenced by anti-IgE pretreatment in any of the mice studied. The data support the hypothesis that IgE-mediated activation of mast cells enhances pulmonary responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation.
Role of cortisol in the pathogenesis of deficient counterregulation after antecedent hypoglycemia in normal humans.
Authors: S N Davis, C Shavers, F Costa, R Mosqueda-Garcia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The aim of this study was to determine the role of increased plasma cortisol levels in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. Experiments were carried out on 16 lean, healthy, overnight fasted male subjects. One group (n = 8) underwent two separate, 2-d randomized experiments separated by at least 2 mo. On day 1 insulin was infused at a rate of 1.5 mU/kg per min and 2 h clamped hypoglycemia (53 +/- 2 mg/dl) or euglycemia (93 +/- 3 mg/dl) was obtained during morning and afternoon. The next morning subjects underwent a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (1.5 mU/kg per min) hypoglycemic (53 +/- 2 mg/dl) clamp study. In the other group (n = 8), day 1 consisted of morning and afternoon 2-h clamped hyperinsulinemic euglycemia with cortisol infused to stimulate levels of plasma cortisol occurring during clamped hypoglycemia (53 mg/dl). The next morning (day 2) subjects underwent a 2-h hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp identical to the first group. Despite equivalent day 2 plasma glucose and insulin levels, steady state epinephrine, norepinephrine, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, ACTH and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) values were significantly (R < 0.01) blunted after day 1 cortisol infusion compared to antecedent euglycemia. Compared to day 1 cortisol, antecedent hypoglycemia produced similar blunted day 2 responses of epinephrine, norepinephrine, pancreatic polypeptide and MSNA compared to day 1 cortisol. Antecedent hypoglycemia, however, produced a more pronounced blunting of plasma glucagon, ACTH, and hepatic glucose production compared to day 1 cortisol. We conclude that in healthy overnight fasted men (a) antecedent physiologic increases of plasma cortisol can significantly blunt epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, and MSNA responses to subsequent hypoglycemia and (b) these data suggest that increased plasma cortisol is the mechanism responsible for antecedent hypoglycemia causing hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure.
A Pilot Study of Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor
Authors: W. Jeffrey Elias, Diane Huss, Tiffini Voss, Johanna Loomba, Mohamad Khaled, Eyal Zadicario, Robert C. Frysinger, Scott A. Sperling, Scott Wylie, Stephen J. Monteith, Jason Druzgal, Binit B. Shah, Madaline Harrison, Max Wintermark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Recent advances have enabled delivery of high-intensity focused ultrasound through the intact human cranium with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. This preliminary study investigates the use of transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for the treatment of essential tremor.
1137-102 Influence of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein-493G/T polymorphism on cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction in diabetic patients
Authors: Hiroya Mizuno, Hiroshi Sato, Kunihiro Kinjo, Daisaku Nakatani, Masahiko Shimizu, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Metal replacement in "zinc finger" and its effect on DNA binding.
Authors: P F Predki, B Sarkar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Metal replacement studies were used to investigate the metal requirement of a bacterially expressed polypeptide encoding the zinc finger DNA binding domain of the estrogen receptor. Apopolypeptide was generated by dialysis of native polypeptide against low-pH buffer under reducing conditions. Specific DNA binding can be restored by refolding the apopolypeptide in the presence of ionic zinc, cadmium, or cobalt. However, refolding in the presence of copper or nickel fails to regenerate DNA binding activity. While cobalt-reconstituted polypeptide has a reduced affinity for its AGGTCA-binding site compared to zinc- or cadmium-polypeptide, it has the surprising property of increased cooperative DNA binding. Our work indicates that metal substitution results in a range of effects upon DNA binding in vitro. The potential biological significance of metal substitution in vivo is discussed.
p16<sup>ink4a</sup>expression decreases during imiquimod treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men and correlates with the decline of lesional high-risk human papillomavirus DNA load
Authors: A. Kreuter, U. Wieland, T. Gambichler, P. Altmeyer, H. Pfister, K. Tenner-Racz, P. Racz, A. Potthoff, N.H. Brockmeyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anogenital cancers and their precursor lesions occur in excess in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients despite the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. In this context, a drastically increased relative risk for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) exists in HIV-infected men having sex with men (MSM). In a pilot study, imiquimod, a topical immune response modifier, has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of AIN. Objectives To investigate the role of several biomarkers as potential adjuncts in the course of imiquimod treatment for AIN, and to determine whether these markers correlate with the course of high-risk HPV DNA load during imiquimod therapy. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed for p16ink4a, minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM), Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p21waf1 expression before and after 16 weeks of imiquimod treatment for AIN. High-risk HPV DNA load determinations were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers and probes for HPV types 16, 18, 31 and 33. Results Histopathological and virological analyses were performed in 21 HIV-infected MSM with histologically confirmed AIN. Eighteen (86%) patients had a complete histological clearance of AIN after imiquimod therapy. As previously shown, lesional high-risk HPV DNA load significantly decreased during imiquimod therapy. Moreover, a significant decline of p16ink4a, Ki67, MCM and PCNA expression after treatment was observed, while p21waf1 expression changed nonsignificantly after imiquimod therapy. A significant correlation between the course of high-risk HPV DNA load and p16ink4a expression was observed during imiquimod treatment of AIN, whereas the decline of high-risk HPV DNA load did not significantly correlate with MCM, Ki67, PCNA or p21waf1 expression. Conclusions The significant decrease in p16ink4a expression in correlation with the drop of lesional high-risk HPV load suggests that p16ink4a may be a useful adjunct for the evaluation of treatment response in HPV-associated malignancies and their precursor lesions.
Choice of Therapy in Young Adults with Hyperthyroidism of Graves' Disease
Authors: JOHN T. DUNN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

We asked 54 thyroidologists how they would treat each of four patients having moderate hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease and a thyroid gland weighing 70 g (three to four times normal). For a 19-year-old woman, 67% of thyroidologists recommended an initial course of therapy with antithyroid drugs, usually for 1 year; 24% favored radioiodine treatments; and 9%, surgery. Choices for treating a 19-year-old man were similar. For a 29-year-old man, 44% of thyroidologists preferred drug therapy; 50%, radioiodine; and 6%, surgery. For a 29-year-old woman, choices were similar to those for the 29-year-old man, except for a slight preference for drugs over radioiodine. If hyperthyroidism recurred after a first course of antithyroid drugs, the consultants favored radioiodine treatments and surgery about equally, except in the 29-year-old man, in whom radioiodine was preferred. This survey shows considerable variation among experts in treating hyperthyroidism in young adults.
715-2 A Prospective, Randomized Trial Evaluating the Prophylactic Use of Balloon Pumping in High Risk Myocardial Infarction Patients: PAMI-2
Authors: John Griffin, Cindy L. Grines, Dominic Marsalese, Michael Spain, Bruce Brodie, Bryan Donohue, Thomas Wharton, Gregg W. Stone, Carlos Balestrini, Costantino Costantini, Thomas Shimshak, Juan Luis Delcan, Denise Jones, Denise Mason, Debra Sachs, William W. O’Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Endoventricular Remodeling of Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: Eugene A. Grossi, Larry A. Chinitz, Aubrey C. Galloway, Julie Delianides, Daniel S. Schwartz, David E. McLoughlin, Norma Keller, Itzhak Kronzon, Frank C. Spencer, Stephen B. Colvin
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Recent advances in surgical techniques for the repair of left ventricular aneurysms (LVAs) include the use of an endoventricular patch to exclude the aneurysm cavity. This technique has replaced conventional linear plication of the aneurysm. The endoventricular patch technique remodels the left ventricular cavity to a more physiological geometry that improves function. Methods and Results From December 1989 through November 1993, 45 patients underwent an LVA repair with an endoventricular patch. This procedure was performed in association with coronary artery bypass grafting in 40 patients. Twenty-eight patients (62.2%) also had nonguided encircling subendocardial incisions. Operative procedures included 7 emergency operations, 3 concomitant valve procedures, and a mean of 2.2 bypass grafts per patient. Eight patients had previous cardiac operations. Hospital mortality was 15.6% (7/45) for all patients and 9.1% (3/33) for nonemergent revascularization and LVA repairs. Ejection fraction improved from a mean of 25.8% preoperatively to 37.8% postoperatively; the mean New York Heart Association classification improved from 3.5 to 1.5. Of patients known to have preoperative arrhythmias (inducible or sudden death), 69% were not inducible postoperatively without antiarrhythmic medication. Survival from late cardiac death (including death of unknown origin) was 86.5% at 2 years. Freedom from documented ventricular arrhythmias was 94.3% at 2 years. Conclusions These results indicate that the patch endoaneurysmorrhaphy technique can provide an excellent functional and physiological outcome in patients with LVAs and severely impaired ventricular function.
A subset of systemic lupus erythematosus with progressive cystic bone lesions.
Authors: L Laasonen, M Gripenberg, R Leskinen, B Skrifvars, J Edgren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Clinical and serological findings of 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had progressive cystic bone lesions were compared with a control group of 19 patients with SLE without radiological evidence of bone cysts. Central nervous system manifestations, synovitis, and other radiologically observed skeletal abnormalities were more prevalent in the patients with cysts than in the control group. Higher concentrations of C reactive protein, and a greater incidence of rheumatoid factor positivity were seen in the patients with cysts than in the control patients, but no other serological differences were found. It is suggested that patients with SLE with progressive cystic lesions form a subgroup of the syndrome characterised by an increased acute phase reaction.
Safety profile, pharmacokinetics, and biologic activity of MEDI-563, an anti–IL-5 receptor α antibody, in a phase I study of subjects with mild asthma
Authors: William W. Busse, Rohit Katial, David Gossage, Suha Sari, Bing Wang, Roland Kolbeck, Anthony J. Coyle, Masamichi Koike, George L. Spitalny, Peter A. Kiener, Gregory P. Geba, Nestor A. Molfino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Significance of Microalbuminuria in Long-Duration Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Chankramath S. Arun, James Stoddart, Paul Mackin, Jean M. MacLeod, John P. New, Sally M. Marshall
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—The value of microalbuminuria (MA) in predicting renal disease and premature mortality in longer duration type 1 diabetes is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We followed 135 patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes (&amp;gt;30 years’ duration) over a 7-year period, recording albuminuria and other clinical variables. Vital status was ascertained and cause of death was recorded. RESULTS—A total of 27 of 135 patients (20%) died during the follow-up period. Patients with MA (10 of 30, 33.3%) or proteinuria (5 of 6, 83.3%) at initial examination were more likely to die during follow-up than patients who had normal albumin excretion at baseline (12 of 99, 12%; χ2 for trend 21.9, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The presence of abnormal albumin excretion and low BMI were independent risk factors of premature death. The causes of death were similar in patients with normal and abnormal urine albumin excretion. A total of 24.4% of initially normoalbuminuric survivors developed MA, and persistent proteinuria developed in 3.5%. Progressors had significantly higher albumin excretion rate at baseline compared with those who remained normoalbuminuric: 9.0 μg/min (3.8–18) vs. 4.0 μg/min (0.4–17.5); P &amp;lt; 0.001. A total of 21% of patients with MA at baseline reverted to normoalbuminuria, and persistent proteinuria developed in 32%. The likelihood of progression to persistent proteinuria was significantly greater in those with baseline MA compared with those with normal albumin excretion (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS—Even in long-standing type 1 diabetes of &amp;gt;30 years’ duration, MA and proteinuria predict all-cause mortality. MA is a good predictor of persistent proteinuria.
98.6°F
Authors: Wendy A. Weiger
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Mackowiak et al<sup>1</sup>represents an important step toward removing the mythical status of 37.0°C (98.6°F) as a marker that distinguishes health from disease. However, I believe that the meaningful interpretation of oral temperature readings requires greater subtlety than the article suggests. I have a long-standing personal interest in this subject. As an MD/PhD student who is particularly prone to acute and chronic viral and bacterial infections, I have maintained daily temperature records during health and illness in an attempt to establish a practical standard for my own personal use. When I am relatively healthy, my temperature ranges from a low of about 36.3°C (97.4°F) to a high of about 36.8°C (98.4°F) in the afternoon or evening. These values are only slightly below the mean values reported by Mackowiak et al and are well within the reported range; my diurnal oscillation in temperature also
Smoking and the Alimentary Tract: A Review
Authors: R. S. Packard
Journal: Gut (1960)

Because of inherent and inseparable variables, studies of the effect of smoking on gastric secretion and motility have proved inconclusive. The only firm conclusions to be drawn from the work reviewed are that the prognosis of both gastric and duodenal ulcers is made worse by regular smoking and that the healing and response of gastric ulcers to medical treatment is impaired. The mechanisms through which these effects are produced are unknown. It is not even certain that nicotine is the chief noxious agent in tobacco. Careful statistical and epidemiological studies have yielded such facts as exist and this approach seems the most promising one for future studies.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF HERPES VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Richard T. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The resistance to herpes virus encephalitis which develops with age was studied in mice using fluorescent antibody staining. Adult mice remained susceptible to intracerebral inoculation, and the infection of the central nervous system was identical with that found in immature mice. A "barrier" to the spread of virus inoculated extraneurally developed with maturation, and the limitation of spread appeared to coincide with the infection of peritoneal and tissue macrophages. In vitro, suckling and adult mouse macrophages were infected with equal ease. However, suckling mouse macrophages infected other cells in contact with them, while infected adult mouse macrophages did not. Studies failed to reveal the nature of this change in macrophages which developed with age. The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of herpes virus encephalitis is discussed. The hypothesis is made that an alteration in the macrophages of the maturing mouse plays an important role in its development of resistance to herpes virus encephalitis.
Effects of Inspiration, Expiration, and Apnea upon Pacemaking and Block in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: JOHN R. URBACH, JACOB J. GRAUMAN, SANDOR H. STRAUS
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The effects of inspiration, expiration, and apnea on A-V transmission system block and on A-V junctional and idioventricular pacemakers were studied in 53 examinations on 29 patients with atrial fibrillation. The severity of block and the location, prevalence, and firing frequency of subsidiary pacemakers were measured separately in each phase of respiration and compared by quantitative methods. In most patients, apnea increased the severity of A-V block, the prevalence of A-V junctional escape and ventricular automaticity but reduced the prevalence of A-V junctional tachycardia. The firing frequency of the subsidiary pacemakers was not affected. Occasionally apnea shortened the coupling interval of premature ventricular contractions. Cheyne-Stokes respiration markedly accentuated the effects of apnea and often produced bursts of ventricular tachycardia in patients who had only isolated ventricular ectopic beats during regular respiration. The data indicate that intermittent respiration has deleterious effects upon cardiac activity and should be corrected whenever possible.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone density.
Authors: V Fonseca, J Agnew, P Dandona
Journal: BMJ (1985)

those patients with a final diagnosis of normality were investigated.Some ambiguities arise from the definitions given for the risk groups-for example, it is not clear to which risk group a patient with a probability of duodenal ulcer of 0-89 and a probability of gastric cancer of 0 11 should be allocated, nor is it clear exactly what "predicted as having an ulcer" means.In referring to the system of Mann et al the authors' statement, "In those (patients from general practitioners' surgeries] who did score more than 8 the incidence of serious disease was only slightly higher (1%)," is incorrect.From table II this proportion should be 260%, (34/131 patients), and this is significantly higher (p< 005) than the proportion of cases with serious disease scoring 8 or less.Use of this computer system would un- doubtedly have saved some investigations; however, the study provides no evidence that the simpler scoring system devised by Mann et al is any less effective as a method of pre- liminary screening of "dyspeptic" patients for serious disease.
ESM-1 expression in stromal cells is predictive of recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in early hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Marianne Ziol, Angela Sutton, Julien Calderaro, Nathalie Barget, Mounir Aout, Vincent Leroy, Jean-Frédéric Blanc, Nathalie Sturm, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Pierre Nahon, Jean-Charles Nault, Nathalie Charnaux, Gisèle N’Kontchou, Jean-Claude Trinchet, Maryse Delehedde, Olivier Seror, Michel Beaugrand, Eric Vicaut, Nathalie Ganne-Carrié
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
COMPARISON OF DESIPRAMINE AND IMIPRAMINE IN DEPRESSION
Authors: JOHN T. ROSE, T. T. WESTHEAD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

In a comparative double-blind trial on 40 patients with primary depression, desipramine and imipramine did not differ significantly in antidepressant effect or onset of action. Reactive and endogenous depressions responded equally well to either drug.
Jaundice after Repeated Exposure to Halothane: An Analysis of Reports to the Committee on Safety of Medicines
Authors: W. H. W. Inman, W. W. Mushin
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Analysis of data derived from 130 reports of jaundice occurring after anaesthesia with halothane showed a significant relation between the number of exposures to this anaesthetic and the rapidity with which jaundice develops after exposure. This is considered to provide strong evidence of a cause-effect relationship between the use of halothane and jaundice. Out of 114 patients with complete anaesthetic histories 94 (82%) had been exposed more than once; of those so exposed 80% had been anaesthetized with halothane more than once within 28 days. Altogether 66 (51%) of the 130 patients died.
The Role of Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 Imaging in the Clinical Evaluation of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Authors: WAN-YU LIN, CHIA-HUNG KAO, CHUNG-YUAN HSU, SHU-QUINN LIAO, SHYH-JEN WANG, SHIN-HWA YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of bone and Ga-67 imaging in patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Thirty-four patients with biopsy-proven MFH were studied. Of these patients, 15 underwent Ga-67 imaging, 26 underwent Tc-99m MDP imaging, and 7 underwent both imaging procedures. In evaluation of the primary tumors, intense Ga-67 uptake was observed in 14 of 15 patients with a diagnostic sensitivity of 93.3%. However, positive bone imaging results were observed in only 10 of 26 patients with a diagnostic sensitivity of 38.5%. Most of these were secondary to Tc-99m MDP uptake in adjacent bone invaded by the primary tumor. Only two patients, of the 18 patients without direct bone invasion, had increased radioactivity in the tumors (11.1%). In evaluation of the metastatic lesions, increased Ga-67 uptake was observed in 8 of 8 metastatic sites (100%). However, Tc-99m MDP could only detect 5 of 12 metastatic sites (41.7%), which were all diagnosed to be bone metastases. None of the extraskeletal metastasis could be detected by Tc-99m MDP imaging. Ga-67 scintigraphy appears to be a very useful tool in the evaluation of both primary and metastatic lesions of MFH and is assumed to be useful in the follow-up. However, it is emphasized that bone scintigraphy is useful only when the tumor invades the skeletal system and is of limited value in the evaluation of extraskeletal lesions.