tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A 64-Year-Old Man With Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Martin G. Sanda, Irving D. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Earlier detection of prostate cancer in the past decade has been accompanied by greater reduction in US prostate cancer mortality than that seen with any other cancer. Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed at early stages and is most commonly treated by prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. For intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancers, randomized clinical trials have shown survival benefit subsequent to prostatectomy or to combined radiation with androgen-suppressive therapy. However, prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and brachytherapy each can lead to distinct adverse effects. Moreover, for the lowest-risk categories of early stage prostate cancer, evidence supporting an intervention is only indirect. New approaches to surveillance of prostate cancer have consequently emerged that do not eschew treatment altogether. Instead "active" surveillance aims to implement definitive intervention effectively for those low-risk cancers that show a propensity for progression as evidenced by histopathological or serological change during the surveillance interval.
Another Pound of Cure
Authors: Tom Harkin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE theme issue ofThe Journalon caring for the uninsured and underinsured<sup>1</sup>was thought-provoking and addressed the pressing need for improved access to health care for Americans. AlthoughThe Journalis to be commended for its bold initiative in presenting an array of views related to health care access, the failure to substantively address health promotion and the prevention of disease and disability in this context was conspicuous. Although the issue was devoted to access to health care for those with inadequate insurance coverage and necessarily focused on costs, the preoccupation with diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and the virtual neglect of prevention cut to the essence of the long-standing and growing health care problems facing our nation. Access to affordable and quality health care is a fundamental right that should be extended to and enjoyed by all Americans. As amply demonstrated by the recent flurry of proposals, there
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NECK PAIN
Authors: James E. Watson
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In the differential diagnosis of neck pain, consideration may be taken of the patient's age, the manner of onset and the duration of the pain, the severity of the pain, and the general condition of the patient. In children acute neck pain is usually due to an infectious process in the nasopharynx, the central nervous system, or the lymph nodes. In adults neck pain is often due to dental or other oral infections, postural and structural changes in the neck, muscular affections, and injuries. In the elderly neck pain may be due to cervical arthritis, vascular disease, and malignant tumors. Points to be considered in the history taking include the location of the pain in the neck, radiation of the pain, manner of onset, recent or remote injury that might affect the neck, occupational trauma, recent or present infection, exposure to contagious disease, exposure to inclement weather, constitutional disease, and
Organ Transplantation and Replacement
Authors: Robert E. McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<i>Organ Transplantation and Replacement</i>, edited by G. James Cerilli, is the first major comprehensive textbook on the art and science of organ transplantation in more than 15 years that has been sponsored and edited in the United States. Najarian and Simmons' now classic<i>Transplantation</i>, published in 1972, followed a period of tremendous growth in the immunology and art of transplantation. A new explosion of knowledge in the 1980s has made that classic work obsolete. This new text is thus a very timely and much needed work with primarily American contributors giving us their latest data and experiences in multiple organ transplantation, with additional information on the use of artificial organs in replacement therapy. While remaining quite prophetic, the editor himself surprisingly states that "Kidney transplantation therapy is still palliative" while maintaining that the "era of the biologic manipulation of the human recipient is just begining." He believes that mechanical organ
The reporting of AIDS
Authors: H. G. Pope
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has generated not only an increasing flow of scientific articles, but of news stories as well. The public is largely dependent on the latter for information. How accurately do the news media report AIDS research findings, and how do news writers' own beliefs compare with those of the scientific community? <h3>Study.—</h3> To address these questions, using methodology developed in an earlier study,<sup>1</sup>we mailed brief confidential questionnaires to 103 medical researchers and 116 general scientists in the United States, randomly selected from<i>American Men and Women of Science</i>. The sample thus represented a range of respondents, from those directly involved with AIDS research to those trained in other scientific disciplines. The same questionnaire was also sent to 96 journalists, selected from leading US newspapers, news magazines, and television networks, who had reported on AIDS within the last year. Response rates
The Comparison of ADMA Levels and Right Heart Echocardiographic Indices in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Pulmonary Venous Hypertension
Authors: Gülten Aydoğdu Taçoy, Duygu Başer, Atiye Çengel, Kazım Başer, Özgür Kuş, Ayse F. Tuncel, Ata Bolayır, Hatice Pasaoğlu, Bülent Boyacı, Rıdvan Yalçın
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Thomas Edwin Moody
Authors: Thomas Laurence Moody, John Kirkpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Born in Cashel, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, into a farming family, Thomas Edwin Moody (“Edwin”) was a general practitioner in Stockton on Tees.

He gained a scholarship to Coleraine Academic Institution and was a proud member of the old boys' association. His formal education continued at Queen's University, Belfast, where he graduated in medicine in 1939. His house …
Conference Roundup: HIV and AIDS
Authors: Brigid Kane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Currents18 April 2000Conference Roundup: HIV and AIDSBrigid KaneBrigid KaneSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00101 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections was held in San Francisco, California, from 31 January to 2 February 2000. The basic and clinical science presentations challenged old perceptions and tested new hypotheses, illustrating the changing therapeutic goals and targets in this fast moving area. According to the scientific program committee chair, Constance Benson, MD, professor of medicine at University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver, the quality of the abstract submissions was extraordinarily high and the competition for inclusion in the program especially tough. Of the approximately 1700 abstracts submitted, only 855 were accepted: 124 as slide ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 April 2000Volume 132, Issue 8Page: 685KeywordsAIDSAntiretroviral therapyAntiretroviralsBlood plasmaDrugsHIVHIV infectionsImmune responseMuscular dystrophiesVaccines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 18 April 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
PTU-067 The Fate Of Flat Low-grade Dysplasia In Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: A Bond, F Campbell, P Collins
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The natural history of low- grade dysplasia (LGD) found during colonoscopic surveillance of ulcerative colitis is not clear. The optimum strategy, either continued surveillance or immediate colectomy, is debated. The rate of progression of LGD to more advanced neoplasia has been reported to be as low as 0% after 10 years and as high as 53% after a mean follow-up of 5 years.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Methods</h3> All cases of LGD detected at colonoscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis performed between May 1995 and May 2010 were identified, retrospectively, from the pathology database at a single tertiary centre. Endoscopy records and case notes were reviewed and the outcomes for patients undergoing either immediate colectomy or further surveillance endoscopy were included. <h3>Results</h3> 22 patients with LGD were identified. 9 patients had endoscopically resectable adenoma – like lesions, and were excluded from further analysis. 13 patients were identified as having unifocal, flat, LGD. The median age was 68 (range 44–87). The median time from diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was 14 years (range 1 to 29 years). All patients were on 5-ASA’s throughout the time period sampled. 8 patients elected to have an immediate colectomy. 5 of 8 resection specimens were negative of LGD, with features of the underlying Ulcerative Colitis. Unifocal LGD was identified in 3 of 8 patients. No advanced neoplasia (HGD or cancer) was identified. 4 patients continued surveillance with a median follow-up of 6.5 years (range 5–9) and a median number of colonoscopies of 5 (range 3–7). LGD was identified on further colonoscopy in 1 patient. This patient then opted for colectomy, but no LGD was identified in the resected specimen. 3 patients had further LGD identified during surveillance endoscopy. The remaining patients had LGD identified at colonoscopies performed outside their scheduled surveillance interval. To date those undergoing surveillance have had no subsequent LGD, HGD or carcinoma. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The finding of LGD in patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with a low risk of synchronous or subsequent advanced neoplasia. Continued surveillance may be a reasonable option in this group of patients. <h3>References</h3> Befrits R <i>et al</i>.<i> Dis Colon Rectum</i>. 2002;45:615–20 Ullman TA <i>et al</i>.<i> Am J Gastroenterol</i>. 2002;97:922–7 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Significance of Preoperative Colonoscopy in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: W. Junger, J. Hutter, K. Miller, E. Moritz
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

See also: Long-Term Follow-Up after Laparoscopic CholecystectomyEndoscopy 1992; 24(09): 754-758DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1009119 See also: Authors reply to Junger et al. (page 138)Endoscopy 1995; 27(01): 139-139DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005651
Risk factors for death in infancy persist into older age groups in England and Wales
Authors: Raghav Chawla
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Deaths of children aged between 3 and 8 years have been compared on a large scale for the first time in England and Wales with risk factors present at birth.

Statisticians at the Office for National Statistics did a linked analysis of birth and death records for children who were born between 1993 and 2001 and died before 2004 under the age of 8 ( Health Statistics Quarterly 2004;(24):30).

A strong association between low birth weight and high mortality was found not only to exist during infancy but …
Biodistribution and Toxicity Studies of VSVG-Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vector after Intravenous Administration in Mice with the Observation of in Vivo Transduction of Bone Marrow
Authors: Dao Pan, Roland Gunther, Weiming Duan, Steve Wendell, William Kaemmerer, Tal Kafri, Inder M. Verma, Chester B. Whitley
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Lentiviral vectors can confer high levels of gene transfer and transgene expression in a variety of cell types. However, the biodistribution and toxicity after intravenous administration have not been reported. To address these issues of biodistribution and toxicity, an HIV-1-based vector, HR'cmvGFP, was administered to normal BALB/c mice by tail-vein injection. Nine different organs and bone marrow were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay capable of a broad range of quantitation (5-log fold) to detect as few as one copy of the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) per 10(5) cells. Four days after vector administration, high levels of transgene and gene expression were observed in liver, spleen, and bone marrow in all animals. By 40 days after injection, GFP levels had decreased in liver and spleen, but bone marrow exhibited a consistently high level of transgene. This finding was consistent with the increase in both GFP frequency and expression levels observed in peripheral blood by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) analysis. Between 0 and 1% transgene was detected in all other organs. No significant pathologic lesions were found attributable to vector in any of the tissues examined. The observation of bone marrow transduction after intravenous vector administration suggests the possibility of an in vivo approach to stem cell gene therapy.
Anaphylactic Cardiac Arrest in a Parturient
Authors: Anis Baraka
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ANAPHYLAXIS is a serious reaction that may follow repeated drug administration. Illustrated here is a fullblown picture of anaphylactic reaction after intravenous induction of anesthesia in a parturient undergoing elective cesarean section. In contrast with the mother in whom cardiac arrest developed, her newborn did not show, at birth, any anaphylactic manifestation. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old multipara was scheduled for elective, secondary cesarean section because of cephalopelvic disproportion. She was premedicated intramuscularly with atropine sulfate, 0.6 mg. Anesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of propanidid, 500 mg, which was followed immediately by the development of a generalized rash and edema in the patient. The pulse rate increased from 80 to 160 beats per minute, and the systolic blood pressure dropped from 120 to 40 mm Hg, and was followed within 30 seconds by cardiac arrest. An ECG demonstrated asystole. External cardiac massage and artificial ventilation with 100%
Dose-Response Effects of Methadone in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence
Authors: Eric C. Strain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To compare the dose effectiveness of low to moderate doses of methadone in a sample of a contemporary population of opioid abusers, because the optimal dosing of methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence remains an issue. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: A methadone treatment research clinic. Patients: Participants (n = 247) were opioid-dependent patients with a high rate of cocaine use. Intervention: All participants were initially treated with active methadone for a minimum of 5 weeks and then received 15 weeks of stable dosing at 50, 20, or 0 mg per day. Individual counseling and group therapy were included. Measurements: Treatment retention and illicit drug use as determined by intensive urine monitoring. Results: Retention was better for patients who remained on active medication. By treatment week 20, retention was 52.4% for the 50-mg, 41.5% for the 20-mg, and 21.0% for the 0-mg group (50 versus 0 and 20 versus 0, P < 0.05; 50 versus 20, P > 0.05). Only the 50-mg treatment group had a reduced rate of opioid-positive urine samples (56.4% versus 67.6% and 73.6% for the 20-mg and 0-mg groups, respectively; P < 0.05) and cocaine-positive urine samples (52.6% versus 62.4% and 67.1% for the 20- and 0-mg groups, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a dose-response effect for methadone treatment. Doses as low as 20 mg may improve retention but are inadequate for suppressing illicit drug use.
INFECTIVITY AND IMMUNITY RESULTING FROM THE INJECTION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS BY THE INTRACUTANEOUS ROUTE
Authors: Fred D. Stimpert, John F. Kessel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

The infectivity of poliomyelitis virus by the intracutaneous route occurs in certain strains but is not a constant character. The inconsistency of skin infectivity tests indicates that there is some property yet unknown which influences this characteristic. Strains of poliomyelitis virus vary in the degree of immunity produced in experimental monkeys injected with active virus by the intracutaneous route and subsequently tested for resistance by intranasal injections. The variation has no relation to the virulence of the strain. Further investigation on the intranasal route of injection should be carried on so that this method may be used with greater assurance in immunity tests, and also in other procedures of poliomyelitis experimentation.
Control of insulin secretion during fasting hyperglycemia in adult diabetics and in nondiabetic subjects during infusion of glucose
Authors: Charles J. Goodner, Martin J. Conway, Jon H. Werrbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

In obese adult diabetics, the concentration of insulin in venous plasma was unrelated to the degree of hyperglycemia after an overnight fast. However, in these subjects, insulin rose and fell in proportion to the magnitude of change in plasma glucose induced by small intravenous infusions of glucose. The minimal dose of glucose to cause a significant rise in insulin above the fasting level was similar in normal subjects, obese nondiabetic subjects, and in obese, hyperglycemic adult diabetics. This dose lay between infusion of 60 and 100 mg of glucose per min for 30 min. These results suggested that the secretion of insulin was under regulation by changes in blood glucose but was not stimulated in proportion to the stable raised blood glucose concentration of the hyperglycemic diabetic. Artificial hyperglycemia was induced in fasting normal subjects by constant intravenous infusion of glucose at rates of 100-250 mg of glucose per min for periods up to 8 hr. Plasma glucose rose during the 1st hr of infusion and then remained constantly elevated for up to 8 hr. The concentration of plasma insulin paralleled that of plasma glucose. During the period of constant hyperglycemia and elevated insulin, superimposition of a brief additional glucose load resulted in a prompt rise in glucose and insulin, both returning to the previous elevated levels. Thus in normals as well as obese diabetics, stable hyperglycemia does not produce a pancreatic response sufficient to return the blood glucose to an arbitrary normal fasting concentration, yet the beta cells remain readily responsive to a change in plasma glucose. These data suggest that the beta cells do not operate as a control system with an absolute reference point when presented with systemic hyperglycemia. The behavior of the beta cells during hyperglycemia in the fasting obese adult diabetic suggests that the regulation of the basal insulin secretion may not be determined by factors directly related to the prevailing concentration of glucose. It is postulated that the beta cells adapt to hyperglycemia perhaps through the operation of controls directed toward a normal delivery of free fatty acids or some other cellular metabolic substrate during fasting.
Severity of the worst lesion correlates with total plaque burden in a coronary artery: in vivo analysis in patients with mild, moderate, and severe atherosclerosis
Authors: Samir R. Kapadia, Fernando A. Cura, Paul Schoenhagen, Jennifer Popovich, Robert E. Hobbs, Steven E. Nissen, E.M. Tuzcu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Improving surveillance of MRSA bacteraemia
Authors: Georgia Duckworth, Andr Charlett
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Infection control would be challenging too because, unlike SARS, flu is highly infectious before patients develop definite symptoms.The public would be told that "coughs and sneezes spread diseases" and advised on hand washing, using paper tissues rather than handkerchiefs, and social distancing. 10he epidemic of bird flu has stimulated countries to develop plans for a future human pandemic.The spectrum of clinical illness from pandemic flu cannot be predicted accurately, and guidelines for the public and health services will probably change with experience.Doctors should visit the Department of Health website now and at least read the advice relevant to them.They may not have time when a pandemic starts.
Does a High-Carbohydrate Diet Have Different Effects in NIDDM Patients Treated With Diet Alone or Hypoglycemic Drugs?
Authors: M Parillo, R Giacco, A V Ciardullo, A A Rivellese, G Riccardi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To compare the effects of a nigh-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose and plasma lipids in NIDDM patients with either mild or severe glucose intolerance.A crossover design with a 15-day intervention diet was used. Eighteen patients were separated into two groups on the basis of hypoglycemic treatment (diet, n = 9, or diet plus glibenclamide, n = 9) and were assigned to a 15-day treatment with a high-carbohydrate/low-fiber diet containing 60% energy from carbohydrate and 20% from fat or a low-carbohydrate/low-fiber diet with 40% energy from carbohydrate and 40% from fat and then crossed over to the other diet for 15 more days.The high-carbohydrate diet produced a significant increase in postprandial blood glucose in patients on glibenclamide (13.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 11.0 +/- 1.8 mmol/l, P < 0.002, while no difference was recorded in the group on diet alone (9.7 +/- vs. 8.9 +/- 0.6 mmol/l). Postprandial insulin levels were significantly higher after the high-carbohydrate diet in the group on diet along (248 +/- 32 vs. 192 +/- 28 pmol/l, P < 0.01), while no significant differences were observed in the other group (226 +/- 19 vs. 202 +/- 24 pmol/l) The high-carbohydrate diet also induced a significant increase in fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations in both groups (1.36 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, P < 0.05 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, P < 0.05). No differences were observed in fasting plasma cholesterol and HDL.The effects of the high-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in NIDDM patients differ according to severity of glucose intolerance.
Cardiovascular Assist Devices in Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Rolf M. Gunnar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

AT PRESENT, mechanical circulatory assistance is practical and advantageous for treatment of patients with cardiogenic shock. This technique utilizes a nonocclusive, intraaortic balloon timed to the electrocardiogram (ECG) and monitored by the arterial pulse wave. The balloon inflates just after the aortic valve closes and deflates with the onset of ventricular systole. The inflation forces blood out of the central aorta during cardiac diastole, thereby decreasing central aortic blood volume and increasing pressure. At the onset of systole, balloon deflation decreases aortic pressure so that the left ventricle has less impedance to ejection. The increase in diastolic aortic pressure increases coronary blood flow, while the decreased aortic volume at the onset of systole decreases the work of the left ventricle. The balloon is inserted through the femoral artery and threaded to the descending thoracic aorta just below the origin of the left subclavian artery. Many balloons are designed so that
Prediction of rebleeding from peptic ulcer experience with an endoscopic Doppler device.
Authors: D E Beckly, M P Casebow
Journal: Gut (1986)

An endoscopic Doppler device has been used to predict which patients with bleeding peptic ulcers will require surgery to stop their bleeding. The results show that if a Doppler signal can be elicited from an ulcer then the likelihood of rebleeding sufficient to require surgery or lead to death is increased very significantly.