tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF EXPERIMENTAL PROTEINURIA INDUCED BY RENIN
Authors: Sharad D. Deodhar, Francis E. Cuppage, E. Gableman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Renin-induced proteinuria in the rat was investigated, with special emphasis on the relationship between the enzymatic activity and the proteinuric effect of renin. The dependence of the proteinuric effect on the enzymatic activity was shown by using (a) renin preparations of widely varying purity and (b) chemically modified "active" and "inactive" renin derivatives. Angiotensin II, the pressor product of the enzymatic action of renin, also produced significant proteinuria. Adrenalectomy abolished the proteinuria induced by renin. Proteinuria, however, occurred as a result of pretreatment with DOCA, or aldosterone, or without treatment, 7 to 8 weeks after adrenalectomy. Electron microscopic studies of the kidney at the time of maximal proteinuria showed focal flattening and fusion of epithelial foot processes, as well as swelling and vesicle formation in endothelial and epithelial cells of the glomeruli. Studies with intravenously injected saccharated iron oxide showed increased permeability of the glomerular capillary basement membrane to these particles. These changes were transient and were not seen 24 hours after renin injection. Adrenalectomy prevented these changes. It is concluded that renin, acting through angiotensin, causes glomerular capillary damage with increased permeability of these structures to protein and resultant proteinuria. The adrenal glands participate in a permissive role in this phenomenon.
Gunshot Wounds: Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: W. G. Abel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<i>Gunshot Wounds</i>is an attractively packaged and illustrated, well-indexed, timely volume that reminds us of the magnitude of trauma in modern society. Accidents are the third most common cause of death at all ages and the foremost cause of death in persons younger than 44 years, with firearm fatalities (30,000 annually) second only to motor vehicle accidents. This book, based on the authors' broad clinical experience, is divided into ten chapters. The first deals well with the history of gunshot wounds. The outstanding second chapter on ballistics is thorough, well organized, remarkably informative, and succinct. The remaining eight chapters are concerned with the management of specific areas, eg, head, neck, abdomen, genitourinary tract, and extremities. Though as pointed out by the authors, "The immediate treatment of a patient who has sustained a gunshot wound does not differ from that care rendered to any patient who is acutely injured," the peculiar
The effects of glucose and insulin on renal electrolyte transport.
Authors: R A DeFronzo, M Goldberg, Z S Agus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The effects of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on renal handling of sodium, calcium, and phosphate were studied in dogs employing the recollection micropuncture technique. Subthreshold sustained hyperglycemia resulted in an isonatric inhibition of proximal tubular sodium, fluid, calcium, and phosphate reabsorption by 8-14%. Fractional excretion of sodium and phosphate, however, fell (P is less than 0.01) indicating that the increased delivery of these ions was reabsorbed in portions of the nephron distal to the site of puncture and in addition net sodium and phosphate transport was enhanced resulting in a significant antinatriuresis and antiphosphaturia. The creation of a steady state plateau of hyperinsulinemia while maintaining the blood glucose concentration of euglycemic levels mimicked the effects of hyperglycemia on proximal tubular transport and fractional excretion of sodium and calcium. Tubular fluid to plasma insulin ratio fell, similar to the hyperglycemic studies. These results suggest that the effects of hyperglycemia on renal handling of sodium and calcium may be mediated through changes in plasma insulin concentration. In contrast to hyperglycemia, however, hyperinsulinemia cuased a significant fall in tubular fluid to plasma phosphate ratio with enhanced proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption (P is less than 0.02). This occurred concomitantly with a significant inhibition of proximal tubular sodium transport. These data indicate that insulin has a direct effect on proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption, and this effect of insulin is masked by the presence of increased amounts of unreabsorbed glucose in the tubule that ensues when hyperinsulinemia occurs secondary to hyperglycemia. Fractional excretion of phosphate fell significantly during insulin infusion but unlike the hyperglycemic studies, the fall in phosphate excretion could be entirely accounted for by enhanced proximal reabsorption.
Prevention in practice: what Wessex general practitioners are doing.
Authors: J C Catford, D Nutbeam
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A random sample of 214 general practitioners in the Wessex region was invited to complete a postal questionnaire about the practice of preventive medicine and 90% replied. This inquired into their attitude and behaviour towards smoking and accident prevention, promoting exercise, and controlling obesity and hypertension. The results were generally encouraging. Most recognised their key role in health promotion and health education and their shared responsibility with other professionals. Many had made progress in smoking prevention and control of obesity and hypertension. Promoting exercise and accident prevention left room for improvement. The availability of information in patients9 records to identify and monitor problem areas was particularly lacking. We conclude that further progress might be achieved by better training of general practitioners, and developing information systems orientated towards promoting health. The team approach in primary care needs to be strengthened. In particular extending the role of the health visitor and practice nurse may provide the support so vital for the successful outcome of preventive initiatives. Community unit management teams need to consider carefully how they may encourage advances in health promotion in primary care.
Case 23-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Stephen M. Krane, Walter G. J. Putschar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 40-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a question of metastatic malignant tumor.She had been well until three years previously, when vague digestive symptoms developed. An upper gastrointestinal series and oral cholecystograms were reported to be normal, and a barium-enema examination showed only diverticulosis of the colon. With a low-roughage diet the symptoms improved. Three weeks before admission there was the onset of periumbilical cramps, nausea and constipation. Because of marked obstipation she entered a hospital for observation. Shortly after admission she passed a massive stool; she had normal bowel movements thereafter. X-ray . . .
C-Methacetin breath test in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis after hypocaloric diet therapy
Authors: L. Miele, A. Grieco, A. Armuzzi, E. Capristo, P. DiRocco, M.A. Zocco, B. Alfei, A. Forgione, G. Gasbarrini, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
UK scientists criticize White House ban on studies that increase virus potency or transmissibility
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

UK scientists have criticized a ban by the US administration on studies that increase the potency or transmissibility of viruses, saying that such studies were needed to increase understanding of viruses and to improve vaccines against them.

The ban, announced unexpectedly by the White House late last week, came after a voluntary moratorium on such studies that ended in 2013 without resolving the argument between those who said that generating “superstrains” of viruses was too risky and those who defended them as a valuable tool, as long as appropriate precautions against release were in place. The White House acted ahead of a meeting on 22 October of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity.

Three UK scientists at a briefing in London on 20 October held at the Science Media Centre said that the two published studies into H5N1 flu that started the scare had already produced positive results, including a better understanding of why H5N1 spread easily in birds but …
Results of treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis with a gluten-free diet after one year
Authors: R. Marks, M. W. Whittle
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Twenty-one patients with dermatitis herpetiformis initially controlled by dapsone or sulphonamides have been treated with a gluten-free diet and reassessed at intervals for up to 15 months (mean 11.9 months). According to routine histological and dissecting microscope criteria the small-bowel lesion improved in 10, but when mean epithelial cell height was used as a measure 15 patients improved. Five of the patients with diarrhoea improved after withdrawing gluten from the diet but none reverted to completely normal bowel habit. The tests for malabsorption showed little improvement in the treatment period. Twelve patients needed less dapsone to control their skin complaint, the mean dose falling from 144 mg. to a mean of 70 mg. per day; of these three stopped using this drug altogether.
Poison, Detection, and the Victorian Imagination
Authors: Dorothy Porter
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Seizure After Infusion of Aminocaproic Acid
Authors: Stephen E. Feffer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

AMINOCAPROIC acid is a useful agent in the management of hemophilia, particularly following extensive dental manipulations. The drug is widely used, in large measure because toxic reactions, including gastrointenstinal disturbances, dizziness, tinnitus, malaise, headache, rash, and conjunctival and nasal suffusion, are mild and rarely encountered. We report the case of a patient who experienced several of these side effects after aminocaproic acid infusion, then promptly progressed to a grand mal seizure, a toxic reaction not previously described. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old man with mild hemophilia (factor VIII levels ranging from 10% to 15%) was admitted for dental scaling and prophylaxis. The patient's hemophilia had been identified two years prior to this admission, when he had bled excessively after dental extraction. At that time, von Willebrand's disease had been excluded by a normal bleeding time and ristocetin aggregation study. He had a long history of dental problems and had
Hemophiliacs With HIV Seroconversion Associated With Heat-Treated Products: Are They Actively Infected?
Authors: V. Damjanovic
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  Jackson et al 1 recently provided evidence that hemophiliacs with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 antibody are actively infected. They studied antibody-positive hemophiliacs who received non-heat-treated factor VIII or IX concentrates. However, cases of HIV seroconversion associated with use of heat-treated lyophilized products also have been reported. 2 I recently postulated that a majority of such cases have not been infected but have been immunized by preserved viral proteins. 3 This is based on experimental evidence of selective inactivation of the infectivity of dried, enveloped viruses by heat 4 and a theoretical consideration of dry heat inactivation. 5 Briefly, calculated differences in the energy that governs rates in the dry state for the thermal death of microorganisms (ΔG ‡ 89.5 kJ/mol) and protein denaturation (ΔG ‡ 126.8 kJ/mol) are significant, 5 clearly indicating that heating of dry viruses may effectively inactivate them without affecting their
The trimera mouse system: A model for HCV infection and evaluation of antiviral drugs
Authors: O. Nussbaum, E. Ilan, R. Eren, O. Ben-Moshe, Y. Arazi, S. Berr, I. Lubin, D. Shouval, E. Galun, Y. Reisner, S. Dagan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Squamous bronchial carcinoma arising in a case of multiple juvenile papillomatosis.
Authors: N S Dallimore
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Juvenile papillomatosis of the larynx and trachea is a rare but well recognised condition, classically developing be- tween the ages of 5 and 15 years but occasionally occurring in infancy.The tumours tend to recur before puberty but rarely do so afterwards.Malignant transformation is said not to complicate this condition.'This report describes a case of squamous carcinoma arising in a patient with laryngeal papillomatosis, without previous radiotherapy.Case report
Dehydration. Evaluation and management in older adults. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association
Authors: A. D. Weinberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To review published literature regarding dehydration in older individuals and formulate a consensus on the evaluation and treatment of this unrecognized cause of hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality. <h3>Data Sources and Study Selection.</h3> —The literature concerning dehydration in the elderly population from MEDLINE was reviewed from 1976 through 1995. Search terms included<i>dehydration, elderly, evaluation, hospitalization</i>, and<i>treatment</i>. Particular emphasis was placed on articles describing original research leading to the development of new information on the evaluation and treatment of dehydration and review articles relating to the epidemiology, detection, treatment and health outcomes of this syndrome common in the geriatric population, including frail, institutionalized individuals. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Data contributing to a broad scientific understanding of dehydration were initially grouped according to topic areas of the physiology of normal aging, illness-associated clinical reports of dehydration in the elderly population, and diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The authors developed a consensus based on the weight of evidence presented and the authors' experience in the field. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Early diagnosis is sometimes difficult because the classical physical signs of dehydration may be absent or misleading in an older patient. Many different etiologies place the elderly at particular risk. In patients identified as being at risk for possible dehydration, an interdisciplinary care plan with regard to prevention of clinically significant dehydration is critical if maximum benefit is to result. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1552-1556)
Abstract P5-07-10: APOBEC3B drives mutagenesis in breast cancer
Authors: RS Harris
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A typical breast cancer accumulates hundreds to thousands of somatic mutations. Breast cancer mutation spectra are often dominated by C-to-T transition mutations, which occur in a mostly dispersed manner but can also occur in localized clusters called kataegis. Several lines of evidence indicate that the innate immune DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B is the primary cause of these mutations. First, APOBEC3B mRNA is up-regulated in the majority of primary breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines. Second, endogenous APOBEC3B protein is predominantly nuclear and the only detectable source of DNA C-to-U editing activity in breast cancer cell line extracts. Third, APOBEC3B knockdown causes a corresponding decrease in genomic uracil concentrations, mutation frequencies, and C-to-T mutation levels in breast cancer cell lines. Fourth, the biochemical signature of APOBEC3B is over-represented in breast cancer mutation spectra. Fifth, breast carcinomas that express high levels of APOBEC3B have twice as many mutations as those expressing low levels. Finally, high levels of APOBEC3B associate with more aggressive disease including shorter durations of survival. All of these data are consistent with a model in which APOBEC3B-catalyzed DNA cytosine deamination provides a chronic source of DNA damage and mutagenesis in breast carcinomas that may help to explain how some tumors evolve rapidly and manifest gross heterogeneity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-07-10.
Glutathione peroxidase activity is neuroprotective in models of Huntington's disease
Authors: Robert P Mason, Massimiliano Casu, Nicola Butler, Carlo Breda, Susanna Campesan, Jannine Clapp, Edward W Green, Devyani Dhulkhed, Charalambos P Kyriacou, Flaviano Giorgini
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Examination of the Distinctive Awards System.
Authors: S Bourne, P Bruggen
Journal: BMJ (1975)

When they stopped secrecy, the consultants of an internationally-famous postgraduate teaching centre in psychiatry--not a designated teaching hospital--discovered that they had one-tenth the national average of distinction awards. Subsequent investigation of the whole system suggests that this is not an isolated case. Moreover, official figures are scanty and misleading. This paper explores the difficulties in understanding, investigating, and influencing the system. The composition of the committees involved, the de facto quota system, the method of collecting information, and the convention of secrecy are examined and critized.
Legionnaires' Disease and the Traveller
Authors: N. R. GRIST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Respiratory illness occurred in members of a "package tour" to Benidorm, Spain, in 1973. Three of the tourists died with similar pneumonic illnesses, and 86 other travellers who had stayed at the same hotel also had respiratory illnesses. After the organism associated with the epidemic of Legionnaires' disease in Philadelphia 3 years later was identified, sera from patients involved with the "Benidorm episode" were tested. Evidence of infection with the Legionnaires' disease bacterium was obtained from sera from three of the patients who had died and from sera of two of the surviving tourists. Six of 16 members of the staff of the hotel involved had elevated titres to the LD bacterium, suggesting that there may be persistent or recurrent activity in a particular building or locality over a period of years. Surveys of travellers returning to Scotland have shown a large amount of illness, and studies are being conducted to determine the proportion caused by Legionnaires' disease.
Role of Parasympathetic Inhibition in the Hyperkinetic Type of Borderline Hypertension
Authors: STEVO JULIUS, ARTURO V. PASCUAL, RICHARD LONDON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Eleven patients with borderline hypertension and high cardiac output were compared to 16 paid healthy volunteers. Cardiac output, heart rate, and intraarterial blood pressure were determined at rest, after administration of 0.2 mg/kg of propranolol i.v., and after administration of an additional 0.04 mg/kg of atropine. In four additional patients, response to infusion of isoproterenol before and after administration of 0.2 mg/kg of propranolol i.v. was evaluated. Resting heart rate and cardiac output in patients with borderline hypertension were elevated. After propranolol infusion, the values decreased more in the patients with borderline hypertension, but remained significantly elevated. After atropine administration, the difference in cardiac output and heart rate between the two groups disappeared. Consequently, patients with borderline hypertension and hyperkinetic circulation simultaneously exhibit an increase of sympathetic and a decrease of parasympathetic tone.
PREDICTORS OF NET ADVERSE CLINICAL EVENTS POST BALLOON AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY: RESULTS FROM THE BRAVO (EFFECT OF BIVALIRUDIN ON AORTIC VALVE INTERVENTION OUTCOMES) STUDY
Authors: Jennifer Yu, Usman Baber, Annapoorna Kini, Roxana Mehran, Georgios Vlachojannis, Samantha Sartori, Kleanthis Theodoropoulos, Prashant Vaishnava, Socrates Kakoulides, Brian O&apos;Neill, Alan Heldman, William O&apos;Neill, Robert Pyo, Jason Kovacic, Mauricio Cohen, Samin Sharma, George Dangas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ABSCESS OF THE LUNGS.
Authors: D. S. FAIRCHILD
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Pulmonary abscess is said by Osler to be easy of recognition, but for my own part I have to confess that I have met with cases in which grave doubts existed in my own mind as to the question of differential diagnosis between abscess of the lung and encysted empyema. I have also met with cases in consultation in which the attending physician was in error touching the existence of any abscess at all. It is no doubt true that an abscess discharging through a bronchial tube may be recognized without much difficulty, but previous to this time I am quite certain it may be easily overlooked. Pneumonia is now generally recognized to be an infectious inflammation of the lungs, due in the majority of cases to the influence of the diplococcus pneumoniæ of Fraenkel. The disease generally pursues a well-defined course marked by certain pathologic changes; once in about
Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions detected by transcriptome sequence analysis in twins
Authors: Alfonso Buil, Andrew Anand Brown, Tuuli Lappalainen, Ana Viñuela, Matthew N Davies, Hou-Feng Zheng, J Brent Richards, Daniel Glass, Kerrin S Small, Richard Durbin, Timothy D Spector, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Congress Wants Alternative Therapies Studied; NIH Responds With Programs
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

WITH CONGRESS prodding, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is preparing to support studies evaluating some alternative therapeutic approaches. In passing the 1992 appropriations legislation, Congress requested that the institutes look into alternative approaches and provided about $2 million for this purpose. (The NIH's total budget for this year is about $8.9 billion.) <h3>New NIH Office</h3> Using the $2 million appropriation to get started, the NIH's director, Bernadine Healy, MD, has created the Office for the Study of Unconventional Medical Practices. The office, under the direction of Stephen C. Groft, PharmD, is charged with evaluating acupuncture, so-called folk remedies, use of herbs, homeopathy, naturopathy, nutritional treatments, massage therapy, and other practices that are, in general, presently considered by some to be outside mainstream therapy or patient management in this country. The NIH already has called together some 20 persons with widely diverse interests in unconventional practices. This ad hoc committee,
Medical Department University of Minnesota.
Authors: Perry H. Millard
Journal: JAMA (1894)

St. Paul, Dec. 30, 1893. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Please announce that the Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota have extended the course of instruction in the College of Medicine and Surgery from three, to four years, of eight and one-half months each course. The new rule will become operative commencing in 1895.