tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alexithymia and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Patients with Panic Disorder
Authors: Silvana Galderisi, Francesco Mancuso, Armida Mucci, Stefania Garramone, Rosita Zamboli, Mario Maj
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; In patients with panic disorder (PD), the difficulty to identify and manage emotional experience might contribute to the enduring vulnerability to panic attacks. Such a difficulty might reflect a dysfunction of fronto-temporo-limbic circuits. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that drug-free patients with PD, as compared with healthy subjects (HS), show a higher prevalence of alexithymia, greater difficulty in emotional stimuli processing and poorer performance on neuropsychological tests exploring the activity of fronto-temporo-limbic circuits. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Alexithymia, general cognitive abilities, focused and sustained attention, working memory, secondary memory, incidental learning, susceptibility to interference from both cognitive and emotional stimuli, and ability to recognize facial emotional expressions were assessed in 32 drug-free patients with PD and 32 HS. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Alexithymia was more frequent in patients with PD than in HS. Patients with PD, as compared to HS, had lower verbal cognitive abilities and more difficulty to inhibit interference from nonverbal stimuli and from panic-related words; they performed better than HS on the test assessing spatial incidental learning. Anxiety, panic symptomatology and verbal cognitive abilities (VIQ) were associated with alexithymia. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Findings are compatible with a dysfunction of frontolimbic circuits, in particular orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. A reduction in verbal cognitive abilities was also observed, which might suggest reduced abstraction and symbolization in these patients.
National questionnaire survey on what influences doctors' decisions about admission to intensive care
Authors: Monica Escher, Thomas V Perneger, Jean-Claude Chevrolet
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To determine what influences doctors9 decisions about admission of patients to intensive care. <b>Design</b> National questionnaire survey using eight clinical vignettes involving hypothetical patients. <b>Setting</b> Switzerland. <b>Participants</b> 402 Swiss doctors specialising in intensive care. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Rating of factors influencing decisions on admission and response to eight hypothetical clinical scenarios. <b>Results</b> Of 381 doctors agreeing to participate, 232 (61%) returned questionnaires. Most rated as important or very important the prognosis of the underlying disease (82%) and of the acute illness (81%) and the patients9 wishes (71%). Few considered the important socioeconomic circumstances of the patient (2%), religious beliefs (3%), and emotional state (6%). In the vignettes, underlying disease (cancer versus non-cancerous disease) was not associated with admission to intensive care, but four other factors were: patients9 wishes (odds ratio 3.0, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 4.6), upbeat personality (2.9, 1.9 to 4.4), younger age (1.5, 1.1 to 2.2), and a greater number of beds available in intensive care (1.8, 1.2 to 2.5). <b>Conclusions</b> Doctors9 decisions to admit patients to intensive care are influenced by patients9 wishes and ethically problematic non-medical factors such as a patient9s personality or availability of beds. Patients with cancer are not discriminated against.
Presymptomatic and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
Authors: Golder N. Wilson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Prevalence of Self-Reported Diabetes and Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides among Mexican Americans: Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982–1984
Authors: Shanna Cox, Amanda Sue Niskar, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Michele Marcus
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The prevalence of diabetes is higher among Mexican Americans than among non-Hispanic whites. Higher serum levels of organochlorine pesticides in Mexican Americans have been reported. Few studies have explored the association between pesticide exposure and diabetes.We set out to examine the association between self-reported diabetes and serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides among Mexican Americans residing in the southwestern United States from 1982 to 1984.This study was conducted among a sample of 1,303 Mexican Americans 20-74 years of age from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum concentrations were available for seven pesticides or pesticide metabolites at quantifiable levels in at least 1% of the study population: p,p'-DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), p,p'-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene), dieldrin, oxychlordane, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, and trans-nonachlor. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association of self-reported diabetes with exposure to organochlorine pesticides, with and without adjustment for total serum lipids. Nonfasting serum glucose values were compared among exposure groups.Self-reported diabetes was significantly associated with serum levels above the detectable limit for trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane and among those with the highest level of exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE. On adjustment for total serum lipids, the association with p,p'-DDT remained significant. Serum glucose levels were elevated among those exposed to trans-nonachlor and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane.This study suggests that higher serum levels of certain organochlorine pesticides may be associated with increased prevalence of diabetes. Additional studies with more extensive clinical assessment are needed to confirm this association.
Combined Genetic Inactivation of β2-Microglobulin and CD58 Reveals Frequent Escape from Immune Recognition in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Madhavi Challa-Malladi, Yen K. Lieu, Olivia Califano, Antony B. Holmes, Govind Bhagat, Vundavalli V. Murty, David Dominguez-Sola, Laura Pasqualucci, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Infectious morbidity in long-term survivors of allogeneic marrow transplantation is associated with low CD4 T cell counts
Authors: Jan Storek, Ted Gooley, Robert P. Witherspoon, Keith M. Sullivan, Rainer Storb
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Survivors of allogeneic marrow transplants are immunodeficient for at least 1 year after grafting. Multiple defects of immunity have been found; however, it is not known which defect primarily accounts for the high infectious morbidity of these patients. Twenty-nine allograft recipients who were in complete remission of the original disease were examined for the following parameters of immunity at 1 year after transplant: infection score (gauging the number and severity of infections within the 6 months prior to the annual exam), serum total IgM, IgG, and IgA, anti-Haemophilus influenzae IgG, anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG, skin test reactivity, and the blood counts of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and their subsets. THe only parameter inversely correlated with the infection score was CD4+ T cell count (P = 0.005 in univariable analysis, P = 0.06 in multivariable analysis). We conclude that infectious morbidity of long-term transplant survivors is related to the reconstitution of CD4+ T cells. Am. J. Hematology 54:131–138, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
SARS: Systematic Review of Treatment Effects
Authors: Lauren J Stockman, Richard Bellamy, Paul Garner
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

The SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 presented clinicians with a new, life-threatening disease for which they had no experience in treating and no research on the effectiveness of treatment options. The World Health Organization (WHO) expert panel on SARS treatment requested a systematic review and comprehensive summary of treatments used for SARS-infected patients in order to guide future treatment and identify priorities for research.In response to the WHO request we conducted a systematic review of the published literature on ribavirin, corticosteroids, lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r), type I interferon (IFN), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and SARS convalescent plasma from both in vitro studies and in SARS patients. We also searched for clinical trial evidence of treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Sources of data were the literature databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to February 2005. Data from publications were extracted and evidence within studies was classified using predefined criteria. In total, 54 SARS treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies, and three acute respiratory distress syndrome studies met our inclusion criteria. Within in vitro studies, ribavirin, lopinavir, and type I IFN showed inhibition of SARS-CoV in tissue culture. In SARS-infected patient reports on ribavirin, 26 studies were classified as inconclusive, and four showed possible harm. Seven studies of convalescent plasma or IVIG, three of IFN type I, and two of LPV/r were inconclusive. In 29 studies of steroid use, 25 were inconclusive and four were classified as causing possible harm.Despite an extensive literature reporting on SARS treatments, it was not possible to determine whether treatments benefited patients during the SARS outbreak. Some may have been harmful. Clinical trials should be designed to validate a standard protocol for dosage and timing, and to accrue data in real time during future outbreaks to monitor specific adverse effects and help inform treatment.
Stroke and Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jonas Bjerring Olesen, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Anne-Lise Kamper, Kristine Hommel, Lars Køber, Deirdre A. Lane, Jesper Lindhardsen, Gunnar Hilmar Gislason, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Both atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease increase the risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolism. However, these risks, and the effects of antithrombotic treatment, have not been thoroughly investigated in patients with both conditions.
Children, Transport and the Quality of Life
Authors: E M Hillman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Road traffic has doubled in the past 20 years but far fewer children have accidents. Yet this book argues that roads have become increasingly dangerous: improvement has come by withdrawing children from exposure to traffic, thereby impoverishing their lives.

The book is based on a Policy Studies Institute conference that debated the study One False Move: A Study of Children's Independent Mobility. Surveys showed that children walked, cycled, and used public transport strikingly less and relied on the car more, and also had fewer leisure activities, in 1990 than 1971. Is traffic to …
Prenatal Exposure to Residential Air Pollution and Infant Mental Development: Modulation by Antioxidants and Detoxification Factors
Authors: Mònica Guxens, Inmaculada Aguilera, Ferran Ballester, Marisa Estarlich, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Aitana Lertxundi, Nerea Lertxundi, Michelle A. Mendez, Adonina Tardón, Martine Vrijheid, Jordi Sunyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Air pollution effects on children's neurodevelopment have recently been suggested to occur most likely through the oxidative stress pathway.We aimed to assess whether prenatal exposure to residential air pollution is associated with impaired infant mental development, and whether antioxidant/detoxification factors modulate this association.In the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA; Environment and Childhood) Project, 2,644 pregnant women were recruited during their first trimester. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene were measured with passive samplers covering the study areas. Land use regression models were developed for each pollutant to predict average outdoor air pollution levels for the entire pregnancy at each residential address. Maternal diet was obtained at first trimester through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Around 14 months, infant mental development was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development.Among the 1,889 children included in the analysis, mean exposure during pregnancy was 29.0 μg/m3 for NO2 and 1.5 μg/m3 for benzene. Exposure to NO2 and benzene showed an inverse association with mental development, although not statistically significant, after adjusting for potential confounders [β (95% confidence interval) = -0.95 (-3.90, 1.89) and -1.57 (-3.69, 0.56), respectively, for a doubling of each compound]. Stronger inverse associations were estimated for both pollutants among infants whose mothers reported low intakes of fruits/vegetables during pregnancy [-4.13 (-7.06, -1.21) and -4.37 (-6.89, -1.86) for NO2 and benzene, respectively], with little evidence of associations in the high-intake group (interaction p-values of 0.073 and 0.047). Inverse associations were also stronger in non-breast-fed infants and infants with low maternal vitamin D, but effect estimates and interactions were not significant.Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to residential air pollutants may adversely affect infant mental development, but potential effects may be limited to infants whose mothers report low antioxidant intakes.
Do we need to embrace adenoma detection rate as the main quality control parameter during colonoscopy?
Authors: J.-F. Bretagne, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Recent US guidelines state that, at screening colonoscopy in individuals above 50 years of age, adenoma detection rates must be higher than 25 % in men and 15 % in women [1]. Should European gastroenterologists embrace the adenoma detection rates of the US gastroenterologists as the main quality control parameter during colonoscopy?
Reduction of asthma-related exacerbations and exacerbation-related costs during initial maintenance therapy with fluticasone propionate/salmerol combination product versus montelukast or fluticasone propionate alone
Authors: R. Stanford, P. Dorinsky, C. Crim, S. Yancey, L. Edwards, K. Rickard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery and Intravitreal Bevacizumab as a Surgical Adjunct to Treat Diabetic Traction Retinal Detachment
Authors: Yusuke Oshima, Chiharu Shima, Taku Wakabayashi, Shunji Kusaka, Fumio Shiraga, Masahito Ohji, Yasuo Tano
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community, presenting to general practice, and reported to national surveillance
Authors: J. G Wheeler, D. Sethi, J. M Cowden, P. G Wall, L. C Rodrigues, D. S Tompkins, M. J Hudson, P. J Roderick
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To establish the incidence and aetiology of infectious intestinal disease in the community and presenting to general practitioners. Comparison with incidence and aetiology of cases reaching national laboratory based surveillance. <b>Design:</b> Population based community cohort incidence study, general practice based incidence studies, and case linkage to national laboratory surveillance. <b>Setting:</b> 70 general practices throughout England. <b>Participants:</b> 459&nbsp;975 patients served by the practices. Community surveillance of 9776&nbsp;randomly selected patients. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Incidence of infectious intestinal disease in community and reported to general practice. <b>Results:</b> 781 cases were identified in the community cohort, giving an incidence of 19.4/100 person years (95% confidence interval 18.1&nbsp;to 20.8). 8770&nbsp;cases presented to general practice (3.3/100 person years (2.94&nbsp;to 3.75)). One case was reported to national surveillance for every 1.4&nbsp;laboratory identifications, 6.2&nbsp;stools sent for laboratory investigation, 23&nbsp;cases presenting to general practice, and 136&nbsp;community cases. The ratio of cases in the community to cases reaching national surveillance was lower for bacterial pathogens (salmonella 3.2:1, campylobacter 7.6:1) than for viruses (rotavirus 35:1, small round structured viruses 1562:1). There were many cases for which no organism was identified. <b>Conclusions:</b> Infectious intestinal disease occurs in 1<sup>&nbsp;</sup>in 5&nbsp;people each year, of whom 1&nbsp;in 6&nbsp;presents to a general practitioner. The proportion of cases not recorded by national laboratory surveillance is large and varies widely by microorganism.Ways of supplementing the national laboratory surveillance system for infectious intestinal diseases should be considered.
High Incidence of Precipitins In Sera of Heroin Addicts
Authors: William Richard Smith
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We analyzed sera of 50 consecutively hospitalized heroin-abuse patients for precipitins against several antigens. Forty-seven addicts had precipitins against extracts from moldy hay, and 34 against extracts from bagasse. Thirty-six showed precipitin bands against extracts from one or more of the following: Aspergillus, Micropolyspora faeni, and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. These findings were significantly different from those of a control population (P less than .0001 for all antigens tested). The recent culture identification of bacteria and fungi from street heroin suggests that the addicted population may be injecting antigenic material intravenously, with subsequent antibody formation.
Regulatory T-cell directed therapies in liver diseases
Authors: Ye Htun Oo, Shimon Sakaguchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Immunological self-tolerance is maintained in two stages; central and peripheral tolerance. The thymus orchestrates self-tolerance by negative selection (clonal deletion) of self-reactive T cells and by producing CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are essential for the maintenance of peripheral self-tolerance and immune homeostasis in various tissues including the liver [1]. Depletion of Tregs in rodents result in spontaneous development of a variety of organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases and reconstitution of Tregs prevents disease development [2].
Are Proton Pump Inhibitors(PPI) Naive? A Case Of Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom (DRESS) Secondary To Lansoprazole
Authors: Aditya Uppalapati, Sindhura Gogineni, Sravantika Koneru, Ghassan Kamel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
All Russian to me
Authors: James OwenDrife
Journal: BMJ (2006)

My wife is learning Russian, apparently for fun. Subjunctives in Cyrillic, she says, are light relief from the bureaucracy of general practice. Our house is filling up with the works of Pushkin and books about Russian history. Vaguely interested, I found the country's troubled past hard to understand until I noticed the parallels with the NHS.

For example, two centuries ago the czar and the ruling class spoke French whereas the serfs spoke Russian. How on …
Reply to 'Mesenchymal stem cells: another anti-inflammatory treatment for sepsis?'
Authors: Krisztián Németh, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Peter S T Yuen, Balázs Mayer, Alissa Parmelee, Kent Doi, Pamela G Robey, Kantima Leelahavanichkul, Beverly H Koller, Jared M Brown, Xuzhen Hu, Ivett Jelinek, Robert A Star, Éva Mezey
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Georg Letham: Physician and Murderer
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Christian Seitz, Enis Tanovic, Zeljko Kikic, Mazda Memarsadeghi and Harun Fajkovic. Rapid Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Proximal Ureteral Calculi in Colic versus Noncolic Patients. Eur Urol 2007;52:1223–8
Authors: Riccardo Autorino, Luis Osorio, Estevão A. Lima
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Corticosteroid treatment of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: D. R. Gracey
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Lung biopsy during the course of intensive steroid therapy in a case of idiopathic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) showed no evidence of the changes seen in the initial biopsy specimen. This was in keeping with the improvement experienced by the patient and evidenced by the results of pulmonary-function tests and serial thoracic roentgenograms. Massive doses of corticosteroids may be useful in this disease if initial response to treatment is disappointing.