tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osteoprotegerin Inhibits Vascular Calcification Without Affecting Atherosclerosis in <i> ldlr <sup>(−/−)</sup> </i> Mice
Authors: Sean Morony, Yin Tintut, Zina Zhang, Russell C. Cattley, Gwyneth Van, Denise Dwyer, Marina Stolina, Paul J. Kostenuik, Linda L. Demer
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The role of osteoprotegerin in vascular disease is unclear. Recent observational studies show that serum osteoprotegerin levels are associated with the severity and progression of coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, and vascular calcification in patients. However, genetic and treatment studies in mice suggest that osteoprotegerin may protect against vascular calcification. Methods and Results— To test whether osteoprotegerin induces or prevents vascular disease, we treated atherogenic diet–fed ldlr (−/−) mice with recombinant osteoprotegerin (Fc-OPG) or vehicle for 5 months. Vehicle-treated mice developed significant, progressive atherosclerosis with increased plasma osteoprotegerin levels, consistent with observational studies, and ≈15% of these atherosclerotic lesions developed calcified cartilage-like metaplasia. Treatment with Fc-OPG significantly reduced the calcified lesion area without affecting atherosclerotic lesion size or number, vascular cytokines, or plasma cholesterol levels. Treatment also significantly reduced tissue levels of aortic osteocalcin, a marker of mineralization. Conclusions— These data support a role for osteoprotegerin in the vasculature as an inhibitor of calcification and a marker, rather than a mediator, of atherosclerosis.
Sudden Unexpected Deaths
Authors: Allen E. Hussar
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  As a contribution to the problem of  Unexpected Deaths that was discussed in your editorial inThe Journal( 209 : 1358, 1969), I wish to quote here the incidence of sudden deaths we found among mental patients. In an investigation of leading causes of death in institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients, 1,275 autopsy protocols of white, male, schizophrenic patients who died at the age of 40 or more in psychiatric institutions during 1954 to 1959 were studied. 1 The average duration of schizophrenic illness was 24 years and most of these years were spent in mental hospitals. The mean age at death was 63 years.  Sudden and unexpected death was recorded in 330, or 31%, of the 1,063 protocols that contained a clinical summary from which the circumstances of death could be determined. Two thirds of the sudden deaths were caused by coronary heart disease, suffocation on food occurred
Adrenal Scintigraphy Utilizing 131l-19-lodocholesterol
Authors: K L PARTHASARATHY, SURAJ BAKSHI, R E ACKERHALT, M VILLA, ROMEO DIAZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

Forty patients who were diagnosed to have either carcinoma of the breast, lung, or suspected to have primary adrenal pathology were studies utilizing 131I-iodocholesterol gamma ray scintigraphy to evaluate the efficacy of this radiopharmaceutical in detecting adrenal disease process. Direct examination of the adrenals was possible in 20 patients who underwent laparotomy, and their surgical and/or histopathological findings were compared to that of adrenal scans. There was complete correlation in all these patients except for 2 who had microscopic disease in their adrenals.
The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis
Authors: Daniela Cota, Giovanni Marsicano, Matthias Tschöp, Yvonne Grübler, Cornelia Flachskamm, Mirjam Schubert, Dorothee Auer, Alexander Yassouridis, Christa Thöne-Reineke, Sylvia Ortmann, Federica Tomassoni, Cristina Cervino, Enzo Nisoli, Astrid C.E. Linthorst, Renato Pasquali, Beat Lutz, Günter K. Stalla, Uberto Pagotto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and its endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, are involved in the regulation of food intake. Here we show that the lack of CB1 in mice with a disrupted CB1 gene causes hypophagia and leanness. As compared with WT (CB1+/+) littermates, mice lacking CB1 (CB1-/-) exhibited reduced spontaneous caloric intake and, as a consequence of reduced total fat mass, decreased body weight. In young CB1-/- mice, the lean phenotype is predominantly caused by decreased caloric intake, whereas in adult CB1-/- mice, metabolic factors appear to contribute to the lean phenotype. No significant differences between genotypes were detected regarding locomotor activity, body temperature, or energy expenditure. Hypothalamic CB1 mRNA was found to be coexpressed with neuropeptides known to modulate food intake, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), and preproorexin, indicating a possible role for endocannabinoid receptors within central networks governing appetite. CB1-/- mice showed significantly increased CRH mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus and reduced CART mRNA levels in the dorsomedial and lateral hypothalamic areas. CB1 was also detected in epidydimal mouse adipocytes, and CB1-specific activation enhanced lipogenesis in primary adipocyte cultures. Our results indicate that the cannabinoid system is an essential endogenous regulator of energy homeostasis via central orexigenic as well as peripheral lipogenic mechanisms and might therefore represent a promising target to treat diseases characterized by impaired energy balance.
Coadministration of Intranasal Ciclesonide and Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate-Salmeterol in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR)
Authors: K. Kim, J. Quesada, M.A. Wingertzahn, N. Szmaydy-Rikken, P. Darken, T. Shah
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Exercise Stress Testing in Evaluation of Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: ALAN G. BARTEL, VICTOR S. BEHAR, ROBERT H. PETER, EDWARD S. ORGAIN, YIHONG KONG
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Graded exercise treadmill tests (ET) were performed on 123 patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery. All had angina preoperatively (preop) and 77% were in Class III or IV for angina. Postoperatively (postop), 68% were free of angina. Eighty-three patients had ST-segment changes of 0.1 mV or greater during stress preop (positive), 38 of which (46%) converted to electrocardiographically negative postop. Among the 30 patients (36%) remaining positive during stress postop, 19 (63%) were angina free despite ST-segment depression during stress. Among the 17 patients with negative ET preop, there were no conversions to positive postop. Twenty-three patients had undetermined ET preop; 13 remained undetermined postop, 4 were positive and 6 were negative. Patients experiencing a perioperative myocardial infarction more frequently had a negative postop ET. Among 27 selected patients undergoing postop angiography, there was good correlation between relief of symptoms and successful myocardial revascularization. This study demonstrates that dramatic improvement in angina after aortocoronary bypass surgery can be objectively substantiated in most patients. Subjective symptoms of angina are frequently absent during myocardial ischemia postop, emphasizing the importance of exercise testing in objective evaluation of surgical results.
PERCUTANEOUS AXILLARY INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP FOR EXTENDED SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE HEART FAILURE IMPROVES END-ORGAN FUNCTION
Authors: Jerry Estep, Andrea Cordero-Reyes, Arvind Bhimaraj, Barry Trachtenberg, Laurie Loza, Matthias Loebe, Brian Bruckner, Guillermo Torre-Amione
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
UTILITY OF OFDI IN IDENTIFYING NEOINTIMAL MORPHOLOGY AFTER STENT IMPLANTATION IN HUMAN CORONARY ARTERIES STUDIED EX-VIVO
Authors: Masataka Nakano, Marc Vorpahl, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Saami Yazdani, Aloke V. Finn, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
From "special measures" to "good" in less than a year
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Matthew Limb talks to some of the people responsible for turning a failing NHS trust around in less than a year

In July 2013, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals was one of 11 foundation trusts placed in special measures because of high death rates.

“It was a low point, a shock. Obviously we’d all rather be known for our excellent outcomes than our special measures journey,” says associate medical director, Charlotte Hopkins.

It also felt a “little late,” according to chief executive, Clare Panniker, who had joined the trust in September 2012 and had already begun to introduce radical changes.

“It was difficult” Panniker says. “For me, it felt this was a point when we were on a trajectory of improvement, but of course all of the trusts with a high mortality rate were put in special measures.

“So we used it as a way to galvanise more energy and more effort and improve the outcomes, to keep the improvement going.”

Hopkins says hospital staff overwhelmingly responded in the right fashion.

“I think hospitals that fight against what the regulators say are the ones that are in trouble. You’ve got to have insight and say, ‘Yes, we are falling short of the standard here,’” she says.

The journey out of special measures took 11 months and involved work on many fronts. The trust recruited more staff, opened new beds, restructured its leadership team, and brought in external advisers to support staff on a range of initiatives designed to help reduce mortality and avoidable harm, increase incident reporting and learning, and create a more open, sharing, and compassionate culture.

The trust “buddied” with another hospital, the Royal Free Hospital Trust, and developed a programme of work. This arrangement supported Hopkins’ secondment from UCL Partners to develop the trust’s quality improvement capability. …
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with interleukin 1 receptor antagonist
Authors: B. Bresnihan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by chronic synovial inflammation of multiple large and small joints in the upper and lower limbs.1 The pathogenesis of RA is complex and involves the activation of several synovial cell populations and the production of many proinflammatory and destructive mediators including cytokines, prostaglandins and proteases. Many investigators have suggested that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL1) play a critical part in the pathogenesis of RA.2 The IL1 family includes IL1α, IL1β and IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra).3IL1α and IL1β are both agonist molecules that can influence the functions of most cell types by binding to the IL1 receptor (IL1R). In experimental models of arthritis IL1β causes exacerbation of disease, stimulates cartilage and bone resorption and inhibits the synthesis of articular collagen and proteoglycan.4 IL1Ra is responsible for the regulation of IL1α and IL1β by competitively binding with high avidity to IL1R. Thus, the level of target cell activation may depend on the balance between the agonistic effect of IL1α and IL1β and the inhibitory effect of IL1Ra, each competing for the same cell surface receptor.2 3 

IL1Ra has been given therapeutically in several experimental models of arthritis with dramatic effects.4 For example, IL1Ra was administered intraperitoneally by continuous infusion to male DBA/1 mice with collagen induced arthritis (CIA).5 This resulted in clear suppression of established arthritis. Histological analysis demonstrated markedly reduced cartilage destruction. Moreover, the synthetic function of articular cartilage chondocytes fully recovered. Further studies of IL1 inhibition in experimental arthritis have confirmed the dominant role of IL1 in cartilage destruction and have established the hypothesis that optimal IL1 blockade will result in reduced joint inflammation and the prevention of progressive joint damage.4 

Further insights into the potential merits of IL1Ra treatment have been provided …
Thermal inactivation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus, human T lymphotropic virus-III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus, with special reference to antihemophilic factor.
Authors: J S McDougal, L S Martin, S P Cort, M Mozen, C M Heldebrant, B L Evatt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The virus that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human T lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), was incubated at temperatures from 37 degrees to 60 degrees C and virus titer (ID-50) was determined over time by a microculture infectivity assay. The rate of thermal decay was consistent with first-order kinetics, and these data were used to construct a linear Arrhenius plot (r = 0.99), which was used to determine inactivation time as a function of temperature. In the liquid state, thermal decay was little affected by matrix (culture media, serum, or liquid Factor VIII). In the lyophilized state, the time required to reduce virus titer 10-fold (1 log) at 60 degrees C was 32 min compared with 24 s in the liquid state. HTLV-III/LAV in liquid antihemophilic Factor VIII or IX was lyophilized and heated according to commercial manufacturers' specifications. Infectious virus was undetectable with these regimens. Heat treatment should reduce or stop transmission of HTLV-III/LAV by commercial antihemophilic Factor VIII or IX.
Incremental value of transesophageal echocardiography in prediction of thrombus/embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion: the ACUTE clinical trial
Authors: R.Daniel Murray, Jianbo Li, Carolyn Apperson-Hansen, Susan E. Jasper, Richard A. Grimm, Allan L. Klein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Intracerebral haemorrhage in an adult due to transient factor X deficiency
Authors: T M Young, B P Chitnavis, E B Swallow, R Arya, B D Vadher
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Factor X deficiency is usually inherited.1 Of the acquired forms some are transient, possibly associated with infection, and, in these, spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage does not seem to have been reported.
Screening Young Adults for Nonhereditary Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kiran K. Turaga
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ventilation and Perfusion Changes in Response to Pulmonary Endarterectomy in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Helen Marshall, David G. Kiely, Juan Parra-Robles, David Capener, Martin H. Deppe, Edwin J. R. van Beek, Andrew J. Swift, Smitha Rajaram, Judith Hurdman, Robin Condliffe, Charles A. Elliot, Jim M. Wild
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

This is a repository copy of Magnetic resonance imaging of ventilation and perfusion changes in response to pulmonary endarterectomy in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Stat3-mediated activation of microRNA-23a suppresses gluconeogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by down-regulating Glucose-6-phosphatase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha
Authors: Bo Wang, Shu-Hao Hsu, Wendy Frankel, Kalpana Ghoshal, Samson T. Jacob
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Considerable effort has been made in elucidating the mechanism and functional significance of high levels of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, commonly referred to as the Warburg effect. Here we investigated whether the gluconeogenic pathway is significantly modulated in hepatocarcinogenesis, resulting in altered levels of glucose homeostasis. To test this possibility, we used a mouse model (mice fed a choline-deficient diet) that develops nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), preneoplastic nodules, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), along with human primary HCCs and HCC cells. This study demonstrated marked reduction in the expressions of G6pc, Pepck, and Fbp1 encoding the key gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-phosphatase, respectively, and the transcription factor Pgc-1α in HCCs developed in the mouse model that correlated with reduction in serum glucose in tumor-bearing mice. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of these genes were also reduced by ≈80% in the majority of primary human HCCs compared with matching peritumoral livers. The expression of microRNA (miR)-23a, a candidate miR targeting PGC-1α and G6PC, was up-regulated in the mouse liver tumors as well as in primary human HCC. We confirmed PGC-1α and G6PC as direct targets of miR-23a and their expressions negatively correlated with miR-23a expression in human HCCs. G6PC expression also correlated with tumor grade in human primary HCCs. Finally, this study showed that the activation of interleukin (IL)-6-Stat3 signaling caused the up-regulation of miR-23a expression in HCC.Based on these data, we conclude that gluconeogenesis is severely compromised in HCC by IL6-Stat3-mediated activation of miR-23a, which directly targets PGC-1α and G6PC, leading to decreased glucose production.
Psychobiological Factors in the Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension
Authors: J.J. Groen, J.M. van der Valk, A. Welner, D. Ben-Ishay
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

The authors formulate the present status of the psychosomatic hypothesis for the etiology of essential hypertension in a testable form. They report their clinical observations and investigations and animal experiments which appear to support the hypothesis.
Guideline development group was not in the pocket of pharma
Authors: G. Stansby, N. Langford, D. McBride, P. Walton
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Welfare makes valid observations about the lack of good quality evidence for prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in general medical patients and criticises the use of surrogate end points—in principle, he is right.1 If ample randomised evidence with the end points of fatal bleeds versus fatal embolism had existed we would have used that alone. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline group found that, …
Impact of HIV Infection and HAART on Serum Lipids in Men
Authors: Sharon A. Riddler
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context Alterations in serum lipid values have been widely reported among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but no data have yet been reported on changes from preseroconversion lipid values.Objective To describe changes in serum cholesterol levels associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral medication exposure, and 1-time assessment of triglyceride levels post-HAART initiation. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prospective study in which homosexual and bisexual men were enrolled and from which 50 of 517 HIV seroconverters were drawn for the analysis herein, who later initiated HAART, involving measurements of stored serum samples obtained between 1984 and 2002.Main Outcome Measures Changes in levels of total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 6 time points during an average of 12 years; 1-time assessment of triglyceride levels from the third post-HAART clinic visit. ResultsAmong the 50 men, notable declines in mean serum TC (-30 mg/dL [-0.78 mmol/L]), HDL-C (-12 mg/dL [-0.31 mmol/L]), and LDL-C values (-22 mg/dL [-0.57mmol/L]) were observed after HIV infection.Following HAART initiation, there were large increases in mean TC and LDL-C values (50 and 21 mg/dL [1.30 and 0.54 mmol/ L], respectively); however, the mean changes from the preseroconversion values were 20 mg/dL (0.52 mmol/L) (95% confidence interval [CI], -1 to 41) and -1 mg/dL (-0.03 mmol/L) (95% CI, -25 to 22), respectively.Mean HDL-C remained below baseline levels throughout follow-up.The median value (interquartile range) of triglycerides was 225 mg/dL (2.54 mmol/L) (147-331 mg/dL).Conclusions Before treatment, HIV infection results in substantial decreases in serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels.Subsequent HAART initiation is associated with increases in TC and LDL-C but little change in HDL-C.Increases in TC and LDL-C observed after about 3 years of HAART possibly represent a return to preinfection serum lipid levels after accounting for expected age-related changes.
Wendy Reid replies to Roy Pounder
Authors: W. Reid
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The European Working Time Directive has been a catalyst for change.1 The reduction in trainee doctors’ hours to 48 is the final increment for all NHS staff. The improvement in work-life balance for staff must be achieved by changes in the organisation of care that protect patient safety and training. The Working Time Regulations are health and safety legislation, and flexibilities and constraints exist within the 48 hour week because the reference period for measuring compliance is six months.

Over the past year the medical profession—through the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, individual college representatives, the BMA, and trainees from both the BMA and the academy—has worked with strategic health authorities, NHS employers, and the English deans to achieve safe, sustainable compliance. Some organisations were able to apply for derogation from the Working Time Regulations for up to two years until 2011, allowing doctors to work 52 hours a week averaged over six …