tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral tolerization ameliorates liver disorders associated with chronic graft versus host disease in mice
Authors: Arnon Nagler, Mark Pines, Uri Abadi, Orit Pappo, Michael Zeira, Elazar Rabbani, Dean Engelhardt, Meir Ohana, Namita Roy Chowdhury, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury, Yaron Ilan
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

In chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD), an immune attack by transplanted donor lymphocytes results in damage of host target organs. A disbalance between proinflammatory (Th1) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (Th2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis. Immune hyporesponsiveness induced by oral antigen administration has been shown to suppress autoimmunity. We evaluated the efficacy of oral tolerization in preventing cGVHD in a mouse model. cGVHD was generated by infusing 2.5 × 10 7 splenocytes from B10.D2 donor mice, to sublethally irradiated (6 Gy) BALB/c recipient mice, which differ in minor histocompatibility antigens. The transplantation resulted in cGVHD, with characteristic hepatic and small bowel inflammation, and increased skin collagen content and fibrosis. Oral tolerance was induced by feeding donor B10.D2 mice with proteins extracted from BALB/c splenocytes at 50 μg/d per mouse for 11 days before transplantation. Tolerization was evidenced by reduction in mixed lymphocyte response of effector splenocytes from tolerized B10.D2 mice against BALB/c target splenocytes. Liver and small bowel biopsy specimens revealed much less inflammation. Oral tolerization prevented weight and subcutaneous fat loss, reduced thickening, and skin collagen deposits. Reduction of collagen α1 (I) gene expression was shown by in situ hybridization. Serum interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels measured significantly higher in tolerized mice than in controls, whereas interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were reduced significantly. Oral tolerization of splenocyte donors towards recipient-strain splenocytes ameliorated cGVHD of the liver, small intestine, and skin. A cytokine shift from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory pattern may play a role in down-regulation of the immune-mediated target organ damage.
Comparison of same day versus delayed enumeration of TB-specific T cell responses
Authors: L.M. Lenders, R. Meldau, R.N. van Zyl-Smit, V. Woodburne, A. Maredza, T.J. Cashmore, P.L. Semple, M. Badri, A. Zumla, K. Dheda
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
A GLANCE AT THE AMERICAN MEDICAL PROFESSION SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE PRESENT CENTURY.
Authors: ROBERT HUNTER DALTON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

To estimate the progress of medicine since the beginning of the nineteenth century, it is necessary to view the conditions of that period. Physicians then were not troubled with obstacles and responsibilities as they are now, as the calling rested on the same basis with all other common enterprises. Practitioners, whether regularly bred or impostors, had liberty to offer their services, and there was little difficulty in justifying their work among the people, who knew much less about medicine than they do now. Quacks with gift of gab and popular manners were sure of success. There were no specialties then, but naturally, in every community, some practitioner sprang up into notoriety whose genius led him to feats of surgery, by which he gained superior fame. Opportunities of medical education were so restricted that a majority of physicians in rural and village communities were either self-taught or served a term of
Brewer's yeast and diabetes.
Authors: R Rolls
Journal: BMJ (1977)

for the development of any neurotoxicity, and also that hyperbilirubinaemia is a contributory factor.The controversy over absorption of HCP through the skin and central nervous system toxicology should be placed in proper per- spective and, as pointed out in your leading article, "the reasonable conclusion seems to be that . . . the data on treatment and blood level in neonates are so heterogeneous that they should be taken only as a general indicator and that blood concentrations in animals are a poor guide to those in man."After almost seven years of regulatory restriction one has yet to see any major deleterious effect when HCP is used in the recommended way.
Combination Immunomodulator and Antibiotic Treatment in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Shomron Ben-Horin, Maya Margalit, Peter Bossuyt, Jochen Maul, Yami Shapira, Daniela Bojic, Irit Chermesh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Alain Schoepfer, Matteo Bosani, Matthieu Allez, Peter Laszlo Lakatos, Fabrizio Bossa, Alexander Eser, Tommaso Stefanelli, Franck Carbonnel, Konstantinos Katsanos, Davide Checchin, Inés Sáenz de Miera, Yehuda Chowers, Gordon William Moran
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Research in Medical Interviewing
Authors: FREDERIC W. PLATT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Editorial Notes1 March 1981Research in Medical InterviewingFREDERIC W. PLATT, M.D.FREDERIC W. PLATT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-405 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1980 a woman was admitted to the oncology unit of a Denver medical center. She seemed to be in considerable distress. A nurse summoned a medical resident, and the initial interview went as follows.Dr. M: "Hello Mrs. L, Fm Dr. M. Can you tell me about your problems? What led you to come to the hospital?"Mrs. L: (whispers) "I'm hemorrhaging, Dr.—I've had a nosebleed for 2 weeks."Dr M: "Is that all?"Mr. L (sitting across room): "She's had two transfusions."Mrs. L:"Well, I'm stiff all over and can hardly get around. I have a lot...References1. ENGELMORGAN GW. Interviewing The Patient. London: W.B. Saunders Co.; 1973. Google Scholar2. BERNSTEINBERNSTEINDANA LRR. Interviewing: A Guide for Health Professionals. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1974. Google Scholar3. WALTONDUNCANFLETCHER JAC. Talking With Patients: A Teaching Approach. London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust; 1979. Google Scholar4. ENELOWSWISHER AS. Interviewing and Patient Care. 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press; 1979. Google Scholar5. BROWNEFREELING KP. The Doctor-Patient Relationship. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill-Livingstone; 1976. Google Scholar6. BARLUND D. The mystification of meaning: doctor-patient encounters. J Med Educ. 1976;51:716-25. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. KORSCHNEGRETTE BV. Doctor-patient communications. Sci Am. 1972;227:66-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. BYRNELONG PB. Doctors Talking To Patients. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1978. Google Scholar9. PLATTMCMATH FJ. Clinical hypocompetence: the interview. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:898-902. LinkGoogle Scholar10. DUFFYHAMERMANCOHEN DDM. Communication skills of house officers: a study in a medical clinic. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:354-7. LinkGoogle Scholar11. KRENISHEMILLGATEMINOGUEREICHMAN JIWS. FOCUS on expectation versus reality. Patient Care. 1979;13:88-104.12. PLUTCHIK R. A language for the emotions. Psychol Today. 1980;13:68- 78. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Presbyterian Medical Center Denver, Colorado PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByFour physician communication styles in routine japanese outpatient medical encountersTeaching the art of emergency medicineClinical decision-making in the evaluation and treatment of insomniaPigs in medicineHow accurate are patient histories?Independent History-TakingJOHN C. MUELLER, M.D.Guidelines for InterviewingPHILIP L. HOOPER, M.D., ELIZABETH M. HOOPER, R.N., DONALD E. STEHR, M.D. 1 March 1981Volume 94, Issue 3Page: 405-407KeywordsHemorrhageNurses Issue Published: 1 March 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Leucopenia Associated with Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole after Renal Transplantation
Authors: B. Hulme, D. S. Reeves
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Four patients who had received cadaveric renal allografts developed a profound and sustained leucopenia in association with a trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole preparation. Ten other cadaveric renal allograft recipients received identical chemotherapy with no adverse effects. Statistical analysis showed that the association of leucopenia and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole therapy was dependent on the time after the transplantation procedure and was not related to the dosage of immunosuppressive chemotherapy or renal function.
Increased eNO and pulmonary iNOS expression in eNOS null mice
Authors: S. Cook, P. Vollenweider, B. Ménard, M. Egli, P. Nicod, U. Scherrer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a major regulatory molecule of the cardiovascular system; however, measurement of vascular NO synthesis <i>in vivo</i> represents a major challenge. NO stemming from the lower respiratory tract has been used as a marker of vascular endothelial function. Experimental evidence for this concept is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate this relationship. Lower respiratory tract exhaled NO concentration, together with systemic and pulmonary artery pressure, was measured in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (eNOS) null mice (eNOS-/-). Similar studies were performed in inducible NOS (iNOS) null mice (iNOS-/-). Defective endothelial NO synthesis in eNOS-/- mice (evidenced by systemic and pulmonary hypertension) was associated with augmented exhaled NO levels (12.5±1.9 <i>versus</i> 9.8±1.2 parts per billion (ppb), eNOS-/- <i>versus</i> wild type), whereas normal endothelial NO synthesis in iNOS-/- mice was associated with decreased exhaled NO levels (4.3±1.5 ppb). Augmented exhaled NO levels in eNOS-/- mice were associated with upregulation of iNOS expression in the lung. These results indicate that inducible nitric oxide synthase is a major determinant of gaseous nitric oxide production in the lung, and lower respiratory tract exhaled nitric oxide does not always represent a marker of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthesis.
General Internal Medicine
Authors: Laura A. Petersen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

General internists continue to find themselves in demand as health care systems focus on longitudinal care of chronic diseases and outpatient preventive services. New information about preventive health will affect practice. Previous studies on the primary prevention of coronary heart disease have shown that lowering cholesterol reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), but that mortality from noncardiovascular causes might be increased by treatment. In a randomized controlled trial, 6595 Scottish men aged 45 to 64 years with a mean (±SD) plasma cholesterol level of 7.0±0.6 mmol/L (272±23 mg/dL) were assigned to receive high-dose pravastatin sodium or placebo. During the average follow-up period of almost 5 years, the treated patients had a relative risk reduction for nonfatal MI or death from coronary heart disease of 31%. No excess deaths from noncardiovascular causes occurred in the treatment group.<sup>1</sup>A meta-analysis using pooled data from 4 double-blind atherosclerosis regression trials comparing
Isolation of the thrombospondin membrane receptor.
Authors: A S Asch, J Barnwell, R L Silverstein, R L Nachman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Thrombospondin (TSP), a 450-kD multifunctional glycoprotein with a broad tissue distribution, is secreted upon platelet stimulation, binds to the activated platelet surface, and supports platelet aggregation. We have identified and isolated an 88-kd membrane glycoprotein present in platelets, endothelial cells, monocytes, and a variety of human tumor cell lines that is the membrane binding site for TSP. Endogenous platelet TSP binding to thrombin- and ionophore-stimulated human platelets was inhibited in the presence of the monoclonal antibody OKM5. TSP binding to C32 melanoma cells and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells was specific and also inhibitable with OKM5 Mab. Cell labeling followed by specific immunoprecipitation demonstrated biosynthesis of a single 88-kD glycoprotein. Binding of TSP to the isolated membrane protein was specific and saturable. These studies identify an 88-kD membrane glycoprotein that reacts with the monoclonal antibody, OKM5, and may function as the cellular TSP receptor.
Exercise-induced hypotension in a male population. Criteria, causes, and prognosis.
Authors: P Dubach, V F Froelicher, J Klein, D Oakes, M Grover-McKay, R Friis
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the causes, optimal definition, and predictive value of exercise-induced hypotension occurring during treadmill testing. This study included all patients referred for clinical reasons to the Long Beach Veterans Administration Medical Center treadmill laboratory and then followed for a 2-year period for cardiac events. The population consisted of 2,036 patients who underwent testing from April 4, 1984, to May 7, 1987, 131 of whom exhibited exercise-induced hypotension (6.4%). We found that exercise-induced hypotension is usually related to myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, is best defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure during exercise below the standing preexercise value, and indicates a significantly increased risk for cardiac events (3.2-fold, p less than 0.005). This increased risk was not found in those having no previous myocardial infarction or no signs or symptoms of ischemia during the exercise test, and the increased risk was also not found in those undergoing a treadmill test within 3 weeks after a myocardial infarction. Exercise-induced hypotension appeared to be reversed by revascularization procedures, but confirmation of a beneficial effect on survival requires a randomized trial. The clinical importance of this study is that we have demonstrated that a drop in systolic blood pressure below standing preexercise values during treadmill testing indicates an increased risk for cardiac events except in certain subsets of patients.
Chemical Pathology of the Nervous System; Proceedings of the Third International Neurochemical Symposium held at Strasbourg 1958
Authors: H. Richard Tyler
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This volume records the proceedings of the Third International Neurochemical Symposium held at Strasbourg, France in 1958. The first 2 symposiums dealt with the chemistry of the developing and adult normal brain, respectively, and the present symposium deals with the "chemical pathology" of brain. Considering the great advances made in the last decade in the biochemistry of the central nervous system, this volume has an amazing amount of material in very readable form. Each topic is introduced with a chapter by an internationally known authority, followed by a number of papers dealing with recent investigations in the area under discussion. This gives the reader an unusual opportunity to get the flavor and appreciate the field of interest of many of the leading investigators in neurochemistry. As can be expected in a work of this type, not all contributors have done equally well in terms of investigation and methods of presentation,
Unconventional viruses and the central nervous system.
Authors: F Brown
Journal: BMJ (1987)

in such a group is not straightforward, but the cumulative incidence of Parkinson's disease, disease of the spinal cord, cerebellar syndromes, and dementia seemed much higher than could be expected.These ideas may have important implications for those investigating the causes of neurodegenerative disorders.Firstly, a better understanding of regional vulnerability in the central nervous system to particular types of toxins might allow prediction of the sort of environmental agents that could be responsible for particular diseases and so provide clues for the epidemiologist.Secondly, attention should be directed at environmental exposures that occurred many years before the first symptoms.Thirdly, investigation of factors that influence the rate of cell loss with increasing age, in particular the possibility that an already depleted neuronal population loses cells faster.than normal, could lead to treatments that would prevent the progression of subclinical damage to overt disease.
Musashi, a neural RNA-binding protein required for drosophila adult external sensory organ development
Authors: Makoto Nakamura, Hideyuki Okano, Julie A. Blendy, Craig Montell
Journal: Neuron (1994)

A family of neural RNA-binding proteins has recently been described in both vertebrates and invertebrates. We have identified a new member of this family, the Drosophila musashi (msi) locus, which is required for development of adult external sensory organs (sensilla). In contrast with wild-type sensilla, which contain two outer support cells, the msi mutation typically results in the appearance of extra outer support cells. The msi putative RNA-binding protein is localized to the nucleus and appears to be expressed in all cells in each sensillum and predominantly in neurons during embryogenesis. We propose that the msi protein regulates sensillum development by controlling the expression of target genes at the posttranscriptional level.
Achilles Tendon Reflex Time in Obesity
Authors: Joseph A. Glennon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It has been proposed that prolongation of the achilles tendon reflex time (ART) may be used to separate a category of obese subjects who, in contrast to other obese and to normal-weight subjects, exhibit a hypometabolic state at the tissue level.<sup>1</sup> The purpose of this report is to present the results of measurement of ART in a number of normal-weight and obese subjects. <h3>Materials and Methods:—</h3> ART measurements were obtained in 100 healthy normal-weight and 329 obese subjects separated according to standard height-weight tables.<sup>2</sup>A photoelectric achilles reflex recorder was used to measure ART in the same manner as previously described.<sup>3</sup>The reflex when present was measured in both ankles and the shortest time was used as the reflex time for that particular subject.<sup>4</sup> Serum PBI was determined in all subjects and the range of normal is 4.0μg to 8.0μg/100 cc. Fasting blood
Vasodilative effect of hydralazine in awake dogs: the roles of prostaglandins and the sympathetic nervous system.
Authors: K Maekawa, C S Liang, A Tsui, B T Chen, S Kawashima
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The relative roles of prostaglandins and the sympathetic nervous system in mediating the hypotensive effects of hydralazine were studied in awake dogs with and without pretreatment with indomethacin, propranolol, and phentolamine. In normal dogs, mean aortic pressure decreased 23 +/- 4 mm Hg after administration of hydralazine (cumulative dose of 0.8 mg/kg). This hypotensive effect of hydralazine was potentiated by phentolamine but was abolished by propranolol. Indomethacin caused a paradoxic pressor response (11 +/- 3 mm Hg) to hydralazine, which also was abolished by addition of phentolamine. Hydralazine produced vasodilation in the coronary, skeletal muscle (quadriceps), splanchnic, and renal circulations in normal dogs. The increase in coronary blood flow was associated with increased cardiac oxygen consumption and narrowed arteriovenous oxygen difference across the heart. Propranolol reduced the increases in cardiac oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow, but only indomethacin abolished the narrowed arteriovenous oxygen difference, suggesting that the increase in coronary blood flow was related to both the increased cardiac oxygen demand and prostaglandin-mediated active coronary vasodilation. The decrease in skeletal muscle vascular resistance after hydralazine was abolished by propranolol. Skeletal muscle vascular resistance actually increased after administration of hydralazine in dogs pretreated with both propranolol and indomethacin. These effects were blocked by the addition of phentolamine. Unlike the normal response, renal and splanchnic vascular resistances increased after administration of hydralazine in dogs pretreated with indomethacin. The splanchnic vasoconstriction was abolished by phentolamine, but the renal vascular change was affected by neither phentolamine nor propranolol. The results indicate that hydralazine does not produce uniform vasodilation in all organs and that the cardiovascular actions of hydralazine involve both prostaglandins and the sympathetic nervous system.
GADONANOTUBES AS MAGNETIC NANOLABELS: A POWERFUL AND SAFE APPROACH FOR STEM CELL DETECTION
Authors: Lesa A. Tran, Ramkumar Krishnamurty, Maria G. Cabreira-Hansen, Raja Muthupillai, Lon J. Wilson, Guilherme Silva, James T. Willerson, Emerson P. Perin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Breast feeding and multiple sclerosis: Research could have been reviewed
Authors: G Dick, A Piscane, N Impagliazzo, M Russo, R Valiani, A Mandarini, C Florio, P Vivo
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Intravenous urography is now superseded for reflux EDrTOR,-I agree with Eira Stokland and colleagues that renal ultrasonography alone cannot be recommended for the detection of reflux nephropathy.'It is, however, still useful, not only because it can detect major malformations and dilatation of the urinary tract but because renal length and therefore growth may be measured accurately.2"I hope that the authors' use of intravenous urography as the gold standard will not increase the number of requests for this investigation.Studies have shown that scinti- graphy with dimercaptosuccinic acid labelled with technetium-99m, to which the authors make only passing reference, is more sensitive than intra- venous urography in detecting renal cortical scarring.4'In addition, they have also shown a positive correlation between the cortical abnor- malities detected by scintigraphy with dimercaptosuccinic acid and the degree of reflux.Therefore scintigraphy with dimercaptosuccinic acid should be adopted as the gold standard.The dose of ionising radiation from scintigraphy with dimercaptosuccinic acid is considerably less than that from intravenous urography, and the procedure avoids the use of intravenous contrast.This further increases its desirability.At Guy's Hospital children with suspected reflux nephropathy are investigated by ultrasonography combined with scintigraphy with dimercapto- succinic acid.This generally avoids the need for intravenous urography.
ERASMUS WILSON: HIS PREDECESSOKS AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES.*
Authors: H. G. ADAMSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article ERASMUS WILSON: HIS PREDECESSOKS AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES. Get access H. G. ADAMSON, M.D.Lond., F.R.C.P.Lond. H. G. ADAMSON, M.D.Lond., F.R.C.P.Lond. Consulting Physician for Diseases of the Skin, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 11, 1 November 1933, Pages 437–449, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb10121.x Published: 01 November 1933