tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nurse Shortage — Cigarette Advertising — Bid by Pharmacists — Tranquilizers for the Bulls
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE correspondence columns of the Times have recently been brisk with medical topics. First of all a correspondence developed on the shortage of nurses after a leading-article writer had discussed this topic and suggested that if Florence Nightingale were here, she would have an answer to the problem. One correspondent thought that the leader writer before advertising for a replacement for the lady with the lamp should have recalled her precepts on nursing. In the first place Miss Nightingale had said, in 1866, that far rather than establish a religious order, she would "open a career highly paid." This precept . . .
Increased gene expression for VEGF and the VEGF receptors KDR/Flk and Flt in lungs exposed to acute or to chronic hypoxia. Modulation of gene expression by nitric oxide.
Authors: R M Tuder, B E Flook, N F Voelkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Endothelial cells constitute an essential integrator of factors that effect blood vessel remodeling induced by chronic hypoxia. We hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may participate in the lung response to acute and to chronic hypoxia. We found that ex vivo perfusion of isolated lungs under hypoxic conditions (when compared with normoxia) caused an increase in lung tissue mRNA of VEGF and of the VEGF receptors KDR/Flk and Flt. Chronic hypobaric hypoxia also increased lung tissue mRNA levels of VEGF, KDR/Flk, and Flt and the amount of VEGF protein. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated increased VEGF and KDR/flk hybridization signals in lungs from chronically hypoxic rats. Since endotoxin treatment of rats decreased lung VEGF mRNA, we postulated that nitric oxide (NO) or an NO-related metabolite might be involved in lung VEGF gene expression. Indeed, sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, decreased and L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), an inhibitor of NO-synthesis, increased both VEGF and VEGF receptor transcripts. We conclude that VEGF in the isolated perfused lung acts as an early gene in response to hypoxia and that lung VEGF and VEGF receptor mRNA levels are influenced by hypoxia and NO-dependent mechanisms.
SCORING SYSTEM TO PREDICT WOUND HEALING IN CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA WITH TISSUE LOSS FOLLOWING ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT
Authors: Norihiro Kobayashi, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Yoshiaki Ito, Hiroshi Ishimori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Dynamics and Function of Langerhans Cells In Vivo
Authors: Adrien Kissenpfennig, Sandrine Henri, Bertrand Dubois, Corinne Laplace-Builhé, Pierre Perrin, Nikolaus Romani, Christoph H. Tripp, Patrice Douillard, Lee Leserman, Dominique Kaiserlian, Sem Saeland, Jean Davoust, Bernard Malissen
Journal: Immunity (2005)
BOVINE AND HUMAN TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: D. E. SALMON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In the last two reports presented by this committee considerable space was devoted to the subject of tuberculosis, and particularly to that phase of it which relates to the transmission of the disease from animals to man. It was shown from a review of the facts obtained by different methods of inquiry that the clinical evidence, the evidence of statistics, and the evidence from experimental researches all favored the conclusion that animal tuberculosis was a factor in the causation of human tuberculosis, and it was held that sanitarians should advocate and enforce measures to prevent the transmission of the disease from animals to man. This question is so important and so much uncertainty has been caused by the paper presented at the British Congress on Tuberculosis by Koch, and by his subsequent address at the International Conference on Tuberculosis at Berlin, that it is deemed advisable to continue the discussion in the present report. The fact that tubercular material from human subjects often failed to produce serious disease in cattle was
A New Diagnostic Sign in Small-Bowel Obstruction
Authors: John H. Sewak
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Several years ago, I was examining a patient with an acute abdomen. As part of the examination, I attempted to demonstrate a fluid wave to determine the presence of free peritoneal fluid. As I turned the patient from one side to the other, the patient complained of more severe pains just after being turned on either side. Surgery was performed on this patient, and the finding was a small-bowel obstruction, with fluid-filled loops and very little air in the small bowel. It occurred to me that the weight of the fluid-filled loops would produce a pulling on the root of the mesentery when the patient was turned from side to side thereby producing a severe pain.  In the ensuing cases that I encountered, this sign appeared to be present when fluid-filled loops of small bowel were present in the cases in which there was an obstruction.  One
Overcoming Diabetes-Induced Hyperglycemia through Inhibition of Hepatic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) with RNAi
Authors: Alicia G. Gómez-Valadés, Anna Vidal-Alabró, Maria Molas, Jordi Boada, Jordi Bermúdez, Ramon Bartrons, José C. Perales
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK; EC 4.1.1.32) is the rate-controlling enzyme in gluconeogenesis. In diabetic individuals, altered rates of gluconeogenesis are responsible for increased hepatic glucose output and sustained hyperglycemia. Liver-specific inhibition of PEPCK has not been assessed to date as a treatment for diabetes. We have designed a therapeutic, vector-based RNAi approach to induce posttranscriptional gene silencing of hepatic PEPCK using nonviral gene delivery. A transient reduction of PEPCK enzymatic activity (7.6 ± 0.6 vs 9.7 ± 1.1 mU/mg, P < 0.05) that correlated with decreased protein content of up to 50% was achieved using this strategy in diabetic mice. PEPCK partial silencing was sufficient to demonstrate lowered blood glucose (218 ± 26 vs 364 ± 33 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and improved glucose tolerance together with decreased circulating FFA (0.89 ± 0.10 vs 1.44 ± 0.11 mEq/dl, P < 0.001) and TAG (65 ± 11 vs 102 ± 16 mg/dl, P < 0.01), in the absence of liver steatosis or lactic acidosis. SREBP1c was down-regulated in PEPCK-silenced animals, suggesting a role for this pathway in the alterations of lipid metabolism. These data reinforce the significance of PEPCK in sustaining diabetes-induced hyperglycemia and validate liver-specific intervention at the level of PEPCK for diabetes gene therapy.
Guanylate Cyclase Activity and Sperm Function
Authors: Alberto Revelli, Dario Ghigo, Federica Moffa, Marco Massobrio, Ilan Tur-Kaspa
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

In species with external fertilization, the guanylate cyclase family is responsible for the long-distance interaction between gametes, as its activation allows sperm chemotaxis toward egg-derived substances, gamete encounter, and fertilization. In species with internal fertilization, guanylate cyclase-activating substances, which are secreted by several tissues in the genital tracts of both sexes, deeply affect sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosomal reactivity, stimulating sperm metabolism and promoting the ability of the sperm to approach the oocyte, interact with it, and finally fertilize it. A complex system of intracellular pathways is activated by guanylate cyclase agonists in spermatozoa. Sperm motility appears to be affected mainly through an increase in intracellular cAMP, whereas the acrosome reaction depends more directly on cyclic GMP synthesis. Both cyclic nucleotides activate specific kinases and ion signals. A complex cross-talk between cAMP- and cyclic GMP-generating systems occurs, resulting in an upward shift in sperm function. Excessive amounts of certain guanylate cyclase activators might exert opposite, antireproductive effects, increasing the oxidative stress on sperm membranes. In view of the marked influence exerted by guanylate cyclase-activating substances on sperm function, it seems likely that guanylate cyclase activation or inhibition may represent a new approach for the diagnosis and treatment of male and/or female infertility.
602 THE CANDIDATE HCV E1E2MF59 VACCINE IS SAFE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AND ACCELLERATES THE SECOND PHASE VIRAL DECLINE UPON PRIMARY RESPONSE TO PEG-INTERFERON-2A/RIBAVIRIN THERAPY
Authors: P. Colombatto, M.R. Brunetto, A.M. Maina, V. Romagnoli, A. Craxì, P. Almasio, S. Madonia, M.G. Rumi, M. Colombo, S. Fargion, A. Ascione, G. Pinzello, M. Mondelli, A. Muzzi, F. Bianchi, V. Barnaba, M. Sarracino, R. Rappuoli, D. Rosa, S. Montigiani, S. Abrignani, M. Houghton, F. Bonino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Cellulose granuloma in the lungs of a cocaine sniffer.
Authors: C B Cooper, T R Bai, E Heyderman, B Corrin
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Allelic exclusion is a vital mechanism for the generation of monospecificity to foreign antigens in B- and T-lymphocytes. Here we developed a high-throughput barcoded method to simultaneously analyze the VDJ recombination status of both <i>T cell receptor beta</i> alleles in hundreds of single cells using Next Generation Sequencing.
Helping people die at home
Authors: Adrienne Betteley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Macmillan Cancer Support shares Sleeman and Collis’s view that people close to the end of life must be identified as early as possible so that their care preferences can be discussed and respected.1

With the right support, three quarters (73%) of patients with cancer would prefer to die at home, but only 29% do. The current end of life system …
THE INFLUENCE OF AGE, SEX AND RACE IN SURGICAL AFFECTIONS.
Authors: WM. L. RODMAN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>Gentlemen of the Section:</h3> —Allow me first to express my grateful appreciation for the honor conferred upon me at the Semi-Centennial Meeting. To be chosen as Chairman of this, the largest Section of theAssociation, is indeed an honor any one should esteem highly. I have endeavored, with the aid of the distinguished Secretary, Dr. Parkhill, to present to you as attractive a program as has ever been offered to this or any other Section in former years. Indeed, too much credit can not be given our Secretary for his indefatigable labors and their fruitful results. We regret that his obligations to our country, now resounding from end to end with stern alarums, deprive us of his companionship and help on this occasion, to which he has looked forward with such keen pleasure, and for the success of which he is so largely responsible. I am sure that
Biomedical Institutions, Biomedical Funding, and Public Policy
Authors: Donald L. Madison
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This is one of those books where a prospective editor, having persuaded a publisher that an audience awaits, invites or reprints a selection of articles around a general topic. The 11 chapters of this volume, some reprinted from major medical journals, appear without editorial comment. They cover a wide range—from a speculative essay comparing creativity in research and art, to the details of how Baltimore City Hospital pays its medical faculty. A technical article on prenatal diagnosis of the genetic disorders of hemoglobin is followed by a Genex Corporation report on the commercial potentials of recombinant DNA and by an account of how private foundations work, and how one of them, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has decided its priorities (which, incidentally, do not include biomedical research). Additional chapters explain the research interests of the World Health Organization, how the pharmaceutical industry's approach to research differs from that of the
Computers Can Change Cardiology
Authors: ANDREW G. WALLACE, ROBERT A. ROSATI
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Director of the National Heart Institute, initiated a major clinical research program in 1966 to improve the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarc- tion and our understanding of the disease.In addition to the support of specific research, a network of myocardial infarction research units was envisioned with a shared purpose in the accurate description of the disease, its natural history, and response to therapy.It was largely these latter considerations which led Dr. Grant and his successors to allocate sufficient monies so that each Myocardial Infarction Research Unit could develop a sophisticated computer-based information man- agement system.Certain of the MIRUs focused on the development of systems for acquiring physiologic data from patients while others worked on systems for the collection, storage, and handling of both discrete and categoric data.The MIRU directors and leaders at the National Heart and Lung Institute felt an important responsibility to explore the potential offered by computer systems to develop something which would have an impact on the study of cardiovascular disease-an impact greater than that which might be anticipated as the result of any single research project or collection of projects.During the past 5 years, I have had the opportunity to examine a number of computer systems which are being used for cardiovascular studies, and I have had the privilege of associating with many investigators who are dedicated to developing the full potential of this new technolo- gy.Much of the interest has been focused on methods for improving the speed and reliability of what we already know how to do.I have no doubt that these are worthwhile projects that will contribute to medical practice, research, and education.I am convinced, however, that the computer offers a greater potential-not unlike the impact of methods of tissue culture to research, of the electron microscope to diagnosis, and of cardiopulmonary bypass to treatment of patients with heart disease.The potential I speak of is that
THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF INTRAORAL CANCER. WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CHOICE OF OPERATION, ORDER OF OPERATION, AND LIGATURE OF THE LINGUAL AND FACIAL ARTERIES: From AN EXPERIENCE OF THIRTY-NINE CASES
Authors: C. P. Childe
Journal: BMJ (1909)

TREATMENT OF IlTRAOR&L CANCER.[JAN. 2, rgog.in .192-eightyears after the second operation-very well, but very feeble from old age.The second of these patients was a woman from w'hom one side of the tongue was removed in October, 1894.In December of the same year two or three enlarged glands were removed, and in the following February (1895) some more glands.She remains quite well up to the present time-a period of more than thirteen years.The results of operations for the removal of recurrent disease, whether of the tongue or glands, have been so bad that operators are counselled to make the first operation as complete as possible, in the belif that the only hope of the patient lies in the thorough manner in which this operation is performed.
T-Lymphocyte–Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Exacerbates Anoxia-Reoxygenation–Induced Neutrophil–Endothelial Cell Adhesion
Authors: Satoshi Kokura, Robert E. Wolf, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, D. Neil Granger, Tak Yee Aw
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The overall objective of this study was to determine whether T lymphocytes can modulate the increased neutrophil adherence and upregulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R). HUVEC monolayers were exposed to 60 minutes of anoxia, followed by 4 hours of reoxygenation in the absence or presence of human T lymphocytes. The A/R-induced neutrophil adhesion was significantly enhanced when T lymphocytes and HUVECs were cocultured for the first 45 minutes of reoxygenation. This was accompanied by a more pronounced increase in E-selectin expression. When T lymphocytes were cocultured with HUVECs by use of inserts that prevented direct cell-cell contact, a comparable A/R-induced enhancement of neutrophil adhesion and of E-selectin expression was observed, indicating that soluble factors produced by T lymphocytes mediate the exaggerated A/R-induced inflammatory responses. Treatment with either an anti–tumor necrosis factor-α antibody or catalase attenuated the T-cell–mediated responses in postanoxic HUVECs. Moreover, the T-cell–mediated neutrophil adhesion response was mimicked by exposure of naive HUVECs to H 2 O 2. These findings indicate that H 2 O 2 produced by postanoxic endothelial cells stimulates T cells to produce tumor necrosis factor-α, which in turn elicits endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and a corresponding increase in neutrophil adhesion.
Abstract 5523: Cost effectiveness of implementing a screening and treatment program for hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt
Authors: David D. Kim, David W. Hutton, Ahmed A. Raouf, Mohsen Salama, Ahmed Hablas, Ibrahim A. Seifeldin, Amr S. Soliman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Egypt has one of the highest prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the World. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of implementing a screening and treatment program for HCV infection among Egyptians. We developed a Markov decision analysis model of the natural history of HCV infection and treatment to evaluate cost-effectiveness of screening and treatment for asymptomatic average-risk Egyptian adults. We used HCV age-specific disease progression rates and prevalence for Egyptians. Lifetime costs of screening, treatment, disease progression, and health utilities have been used with 3% annual discounting. We used a societal perspective, local cost estimates, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of a hypothetical program of screening and treating Egyptians for HCV versus no screening. We conducted sensitivity analysis to test uncertainty in the model assumptions. Under base case assumptions, implementing the program for a 40-year-old, asymptomatic Egyptian adult would cost $1,856 for 19.192 QALYs, while non-screening would cost $1,807 for 19.164 QALYs for the 40 year time horizon. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is $1,750/QALY (equivalent to about 10,392 LE, Egyptian pound/QALY). If applied to the population of 10-60 years old individuals, this program would lead to long-term costs of 2.15 billion dollars, but save one million life-years. Results were the most sensitive to change in disutility by being identified as HCV-positive after screening as well as the probability of receiving treatment after HCV positive diagnosis and probability of successful treatment. Comparing this model to international standards for cost-effectiveness, implementing a screening and treatment program for HCV in Egypt is very cost-effective. Therefore, we recommend implementing this program to reduce the burden of liver disease in Egypt. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5523. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5523
Opioid overdose deaths rose fivefold among US women in 10 years
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Deaths related to use of prescription opioid painkillers by women in the United States rose from 1287 in 1999 to 6631 in 2010, a more than fivefold increase, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported.1

In a video briefing released with the report, the CDC’s director, Tom Frieden, said, “Prescription opiate overdoses is a growing and under-recognized risk for women in the United States. Doctors need to be cautious about prescribing, and patients about using, these drugs.”

The report’s authors, Karin Mack, Christopher Jones, and Leonard Paulozzi, of …
Selective recruitment of eosinophils by substance P after repeated allergen exposure in allergic rhinitis
Authors: I. Fajac, G. Braunstein, M.‐R. Lckovic, J. Lacronique, N. Frossard
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We have investigated the nasal response to substance P after pollen exposure in seasonal allergic rhinitic patients. Seven patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis were studied during the pollen season, 24 h after nasal challenge with pollen. They received increasing doses of nebulized substance P (0 to 80 nmol) in each nostril. Responses were assessed by measurement of nasal airway resistance by posterior rhinomanometry and quantification of albumin, histamine, and inflammatory cells in the nasal lavage fluid. Nasal airway resistance increased in a dose‐dependent manner after substance P challenge. Protein and albumin in nasal lavage fluids increased after administration of substance P: from 2.6 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 1.1 mg for protein ( P ≤0.01) and from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.6 mg for albumin ( P ≤0.02). Expressed as a percentage of total protein, albumin increased from 10.5 ± 3.6% to 39.9 ± 3.5% ( P ≤0.02), suggesting occurrence of plasma leakage. No histamine release was observed after challenge with substance P. Total cell counts significantly increased from 11.4 ± 2.4 to 41.8 ± 17.3 × 10 3 cells/ml after substance P ( P ≤0.05). Eosinophils were already numerous before substance P challenge (2.1 ± 0.7 × 10 3 cells/ml), and the number of eosinophils markedly increased in all patients after substance P (for the whole group, 25.8 ± 13.3 cells/ml, P ≤0.05). In contrast, the number of neutrophils only slightly increased in five patients, and changes did not reach significance for the group as a whole. Our results show that substance P induces nasal obstruction and albumin extrusion in allergic rhinitic patients after repeated pollen exposure. These vascular phenomena are associated with recruitment of eosinophils. Since substance P is known to be released after nasal allergen challenge, our data suggest a role for substance P in the chronic eosinophilic inflammation of the nasal mucosa observed in symptomatic allergic rhinitis.