tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Versus Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Comparison of Toxicity
Authors: James B. Yu, Laura D. Cramer, Jeph Herrin, Pamela R. Soulos, Arnold L. Potosky, Cary P. Gross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a technically demanding prostate cancer treatment that may be less expensive than intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Because SBRT may deliver a greater biologic dose of radiation than IMRT, toxicity could be increased. Studies comparing treatment cost to the Medicare program and toxicity are needed. Methods We performed a retrospective study by using a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries age ≥ 66 years who received SBRT or IMRT as primary treatment for prostate cancer from 2008 to 2011. Each SBRT patient was matched to two IMRT patients with similar follow-up (6, 12, or 24 months). We calculated the cost of radiation therapy treatment to the Medicare program and toxicity as measured by Medicare claims; we used a random effects model to compare genitourinary (GU), GI, and other toxicity between matched patients. Results The study sample consisted of 1,335 SBRT patients matched to 2,670 IMRT patients. The mean treatment cost was $13,645 for SBRT versus $21,023 for IMRT. In the 6 months after treatment initiation, 15.6% of SBRT versus 12.6% of IMRT patients experienced GU toxicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.53; P = .009). At 24 months after treatment initiation, 43.9% of SBRT versus 36.3% of IMRT patients had GU toxicity (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.63; P = .001). The increase in GU toxicity was due to claims indicative of urethritis, urinary incontinence, and/or obstruction. Conclusion Although SBRT was associated with lower treatment costs, there appears to be a greater rate of GU toxicity for patients undergoing SBRT compared with IMRT, and prospective correlation with randomized trials is needed.
The effect of altered sodium balance upon renal vascular reactivity to angiotensin II and norepinephrine in the dog. Mechanism of variation in angiotensin responses.
Authors: J A Oliver, P J Cannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The mechanism whereby the vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II (AII) is influenced by sodium balance or disease is unclear. To explore this question, the renal vascular responses (RVR) to intrarenal injections of subpressor doses of AII and norepinephrine were studied in dogs with an electromagnetic flowmeter. Acute and chronic sodium depletion increased plasma renin activity (PRA) and blunted the RVR to AII, while acute sodium repletion and chronic sodium excess plus desoxycorticosterone acetate decreased PRA and enhanced the RVR to AII. The magnitude of the RVR to AII was inversely related to PRA. The RVR to norepinephrine was unaffected by sodium balance and was not related to PRA. Inhibition of the conversion of angiotensin I to AII by SQ 20,881 during sodium depletion lowered mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), increased renal blood flow (RBF), and enhanced the RVR to AII but not to norepinephrine. Administration of bradykinin to chronically sodium-depleted dogs also lowered the MABP and increased RBF but had no effect on the RVR to AII. SQ 20,881 had no effect on MABP, RBF, or the RVR to AII in the dogs with chronic sodium excess and desoxycorticosterone acetate. Administration of indomethacin to chronically sodium-depleted dogs lowered RBF but did not influence the RVR to AII. The results indicate that the RVR to AII is selectively influenced by sodium balance and that the magnitude of the response is inversely related to the availability of endogenous AII. The data did not suggest that the variations in the RVR to AII were because of direct effects of sodium on vascular contraction, changes in the number of vascular AII receptors, or the renal prostaglandins. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the vasoconstrictor effect of AII in the renal vasculature is primarily dependent upon the degree to which the AII vascular receptors are occupied by endogenous hormone.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Robert C. Basner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 48-year-old man reports that he snores loudly and falls asleep when sedentary. A diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea is made, and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is recommended. CPAP has been shown to improve cognitive function and sleep quality, although beneficial effects on survival have not been clearly documented. The patient's tolerance of CPAP is often a limiting factor.
Studies of negative ions by collision-induced decomposition and hydrogen-deuterium exchange techniques.
Authors: D F Hunt, S K Sethi, J Shabanowitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Development of two new techniques for studying the gas phase chemistry of negative ions is reported. Collision induced dissociation (CID) of (M-1)- ions has been accomplished in a newly constructed triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometer. This instrument was assembled by adding two additional Finnigan quadrupole mass filters to a Finnigan Model 3200 CI mass spectrometer. Generation of (M-1)- ions is accomplished by allowing OH- and sample to react under CI conditions in the ion source. The first quadrupole mass filter, Q1, is then employed to selectively pass the (M-1)- ion into a second quadrupole filter containing argon or neon at 10(-3) torr. On collision with the inert gas the (M-1)- ions dissociate into fragments which are then mass analyzed in the third quadrupole filter, CID spectra of (M-1)- ions from twelve carbonyl compounds are presented in this paper. Ion molecule isotope exchange reactions in the CI ion source can be used to count the number of hydrogen atoms in many different chemical environments. Collisions between sample (M-1)- ions and deuterium-labeled reagent gases (ND3, D2O, EtOD) facilitate incorporation of deuterium into the negative ion if the basicities of the sample and reagent anions are similar. Thus it is possible to selectively incorporate deuterium into many organic samples by controlling the exothermicity of the acid base, ion-molecule chemistry.
Effect of Maternal Diabetes on the Pattern of Selected Insulin Resistance Syndrome Parameters in Normal Glucose Tolerant Subjects of Two Algonquin Indian Communities in Quebec
Authors: Jean-Marie Ekoé, Frederique Thomas, Beverley Balkau, Eveline Eschwege, Helene Delisle
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a maternal antecedent with diabetes has an effect on insulin resistance syndrome parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 352 Algonquin Indians from Quebec aged at least 15 years who had no personal antecedents with diabetes. Data concerned clinical and biological parameters and the parental antecedents with diabetes. RESULTS For subjects over &amp;gt; 30 years, fasting insulin and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the group with a maternal history of diabetes than in the group with a paternal history. Significant differences were observed for serum triglyceride, BMI, and subscapular skinfold thickness when comparing subjects with a maternal history and those with no parental history of diabetes. Blood pressure and fasting glucose did not differ according to parental history. CONCLUSIONS Subjects of maternal antecedents with diabetes have known risk factors for NIDDM. This study does not identify whether there is a genetic or maternal environmental reason for this association.
Short-term exposure to physiological levels of 17β-estradiol enhances endothelium-independent relaxation in porcine coronary artery
Authors: H Teoh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: While alterations in cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles partly account for menopause being a risk factor for coronary heart disease, recent studies have suggested that 17β-estradiol may have vascular effects. Our aims were to study the short-term effects of 17β-estradiol on vascular function in isolated porcine coronary artery rings. Concomitantly, we sought to determine if physiological concentrations of 17β-estradiol could acutely potentiate relaxation. Results: 17α- and 17β-estradiol at pharmacological (>1 μM) concentrations produced relaxation in U46619-pre-contracted porcine coronary artery rings. Relaxation evoked by 17β-estradiol was not reversed by the estrogen receptor antagonists tamoxifen and ICI 182780. Following 20 min exposure to a physiological concentration of 17β-estradiol (1 nM), which on its own had no effect, relaxation elicited by cromakalim, levcromakalim and sodium nitroprusside, but not bradykinin or calcium ionophore A23187, were significantly enhanced. This potentiating action was also insensitive to tamoxifen and ICI 182780. Our data provide evidence for an acute indirect relaxant action of 17β-estradiol and suggest that it may be via a tamoxifen- and ICI 182780-insensitive estrogen receptor. While this response was only observed at pharmacological concentrations, the potentiation of cromakalim, levcromakalim and sodium nitroprusside relaxation was evident in the presence of a physiological concentration (1 nM) of 17β-estradiol. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that short-term exposure to 17β-estradiol, at concentrations that have no effect on their own, can enhance vasorelaxation. These vascular effects may partly account for some of the acute effects of 17β-estradiol on blood flow.
IMPACT OF MILD TO MODERATE MITRAL REGURGITATION ON LEFT VENTRICULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ISOLATED DEGENERATIVE MITRAL REGURGITATION
Authors: Donald Clark, James D. Gladden, Chun G. Schiros, Steven G. Lloyd, Thomas S. Denney, Jason L. Guichard, Himanshu Gupta, David C. McGiffin, Louis J. Dell&apos;Italia, Mustafa I. Ahmed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
European Commission's proposal for a council recommendation on cancer screening
Authors: M. Arbyn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The European Commission recently published the Proposal for a Council Recommendation on Cancer Screening , based on consensus reached by experts.1 3 For breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer sufficient evidence has been accumulated on cost effectiveness and negative effects to recommend screening at a population level. Mammography should be offered every two years to …
Impact of optimal follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance on early diagnosis and prevention of myeloma-related complications
Authors: Giada Bianchi, Robert A. Kyle, Colin L. Colby, Dirk R. Larson, Shaji Kumar, Jerry A. Katzmann, Angela Dispenzieri, Terry M. Therneau, James R. Cerhan, L. Joseph Melton, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood (2010)
US oncologist faces life in prison for false cancer diagnoses
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Michigan oncologist who falsely diagnosed cancer in patients and gave them unnecessary chemotherapy so as to bill Medicare for millions of dollars faces up to 215 years of consecutive prison sentences after pleading guilty to 16 counts of healthcare fraud, conspiracy, and money laundering.

Farid Fata, 49, ran a cancer treatment clinic with seven offices in the Detroit area, Michigan Hematology Oncology, and a diagnostic testing facility, United Diagnostics. He billed the federal health insurance program Medicare for around $225m (£138m; €175m) between 2007 and his arrest in 2013, $91m of which was paid out.

Former patients and their relatives attended Detroit federal court this week expecting to hear Fata’s attorneys contesting a prosecution submission of emails related to a castle he inquired about buying in his native Lebanon. Instead they saw Fata …
Clinical Presentation, Outcome, and Response to Therapy Among Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Evangelista Sagnelli, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Maria Stanzione, Vincenzo Messina, Loredana Alessio, Caterina Sagnelli, Mario Starace, Giuseppe Pasquale, Nicola Coppola
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
The development of pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma after placement of a vascular access graft
Authors: J. L. HEADLEY, G. W. COLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma developed on the skin overlying a vascular access graft in a haemodialysis patient. After spontaneous thrombosis within the graft, the cutaneous lesions promptly resolved. Light and electron microscopic study of the lesions failed to distinguish them from those of true Kaposi's sarcoma.
Decreased tuftsin concentrations in patients who have undergone splenectomy.
Authors: Z Spirer, V Zakuth, S Diamant, W Mondorf, T Stefanescu, Y Stabinsky, M Fridkin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Serum tuftsin concentrations were measured, using a radioimmunoassay developed in Israel, in normal subjects and in patients who had undergone splenectomy. Concentrations in those who had undergone traumatic and elective splenectomy were much lower. The tuftsin concentration in 38 patients with Hodgkin's disease who had undergone splenectomy during staging laparotomy was not significantly different from the mean concentration in other patients who had had elective splenectomy. In four patients who underwent splenectomy for non-malignant haematological disorders measurements made before and after operation showed that tuftsin concentrations fell significantly in the days after operation. The increased susceptibility to overwhelming infections of patients with Hodgkin's disease and others who have undergone splenectomy may be related to the low tuftsin concentrations. As pre-splenectomy tuftsin concentrations in patients with Hodgkin's disease were normal, the practice of performing staging laparotomy and splenectomy in patients with Hodgkin's disease should perhaps be reconsidered.
Enhancement of T cell immunity to osteosarcoma through modulation of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions
Authors: Danielle M Lussier, Lizbeth M Nieves, Megan S McAfee, Trung P Hyunh, Susan A Holechek, Pooja Hingorani, Joseph N Blattman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Osteosarcomas remain one of the most commonly occurring bone cancers in adolescents, accounting for approximately 3% of all diagnosed childhood malignancies. Approximately 30% of osteosarcoma patients develop pulmonary metastatic disease, which is associated with poor prognosis,
Toward Brain-Based Guidance of Clinical Practice
Authors: Odile A. van den Heuvel
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Acute Hepatic Necrosis and Ischemic Limb Necrosis
Authors: Deborah M. Siegal, Richard J. Cook, Theodore E. Warkentin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Thrombosis was noted in a patient with acute hepatic necrosis associated with markedly decreased levels of protein C, an anticoagulant made in the liver with a short (9-hour) half-life.
Special article the glutathione S-transferases: An update
Authors: Thomas D. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Over the last 15 years, we have passed through an initial period in which multiple forms of GST in various organs and different species were identified and characterized. The focus of current research is to define the role of the numerous isozymes in cell function, to ascertain the relationship between structure and function of different isozymes and to determine how the expression of GST is regulated in different tissues. During these studies, it is expected that new roles for the GST will be proposed, and this family of multifunctional proteins will continue to hold the interest of numerous investigators for many years.
Commission finds no evidence that Bahraini doctors refused to treat Sunni patients, but appeal continues
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The case against 20 healthcare workers accused of anti-state activities in Bahrain continued this week, with prosecutors presenting guns and knives as incriminatory evidence to a civilian court of appeal.

The healthcare workers had hoped that an independent report published on 23 November would help clear their names. But the report, from the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, while confirming that some of the doctors were tortured in detention, did not reach definitive conclusions about their cases. The report seems not to have influenced their chances of winning an appeal against sentences of up to 15 years handed down by a military court.

Medical professionals who have been charged and convicted of alleged crimes against the state were among 58 individuals forensically examined for the independent commission’s report. One doctor reported being forced to eat his own excrement, being interrogated by a military doctor, and being made to sign 30 unknown …
MicroRNA-205 Inhibits Src-Mediated Oncogenic Pathways in Renal Cancer
Authors: Shahana Majid, Sharanjot Saini, Altaf A. Dar, Hiroshi Hirata, Varahram Shahryari, Yuichiro Tanaka, Soichiro Yamamura, Koji Ueno, Mohd Saif Zaman, Kamaldeep Singh, Inik Chang, Guoren Deng, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The Src family of protein kinases (SFK) plays key roles in regulating fundamental cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, cell shape, migration, and survival, and specialized cell signals in various malignancies. The pleiotropic functions of SFKs in cancer make them promising targets for intervention. Here, we sought to investigate the role of microRNA-205 (miR-205) in inhibition of Src-mediated oncogenic pathways in renal cancer. We report that expression of miR-205 was significantly suppressed in renal cancer cell lines and tumors when compared with normal tissues and a nonmalignant cell line and is correlated inversely with the expression of SFKs. miR-205 significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of reporter plasmids containing the 3′-UTR (untranslated region) sequences complementary to either Src, Lyn, or Yes, which was abolished by mutations in these 3′-UTR regions. Overexpression of miR-205 in A498 cells reduced Src, Lyn, and Yes expression, both at mRNA and protein levels. Proliferation of renal cancer cells was suppressed by miR-205, mediated by the phospho-Src–regulated ERK1/2 pathway. Cell motility factor FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and STAT3 activation were also inhibited by miR-205. Transient and stable overexpression of miR-205 in A498 cells resulted in induction of G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, as indicated by decreased levels of cyclin D1 and c-Myc, suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in renal cancer cells. miR-205 also inhibited tumor cell growth in vivo. This is the first study showing that miR-205 inhibits proto-oncogenic SFKs, indicating a therapeutic potential of miR-205 in the treatment of renal cancer. Cancer Res; 71(7); 2611–21. ©2011 AACR.
Lipoprotein(a) and Apolipoprotein(a) Isoforms
Authors: Rudy Guerra, Zhaoxia Yu, Santica Marcovina, Ronald Peshock, Jonathan C. Cohen, Helen H. Hobbs
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in whites. Blacks have 2- to 3-fold higher plasma levels of Lp(a) than whites and yet do not have a correspondingly higher rate of coronary events. It remains unclear whether elevated plasma levels of Lp(a) are an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis in individuals of African descent.The relationship between plasma levels of Lp(a), apolipoprotein(a) isoform sizes, and the presence of coronary calcium was examined in 761 blacks and 527 whites (men aged >40 years, women aged >45 years) from a population-based sample. No relationship was found between plasma levels of Lp(a), apolipoprotein(a) isoform size, or a combination of these 2 variables and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in whites or blacks. No correlation was observed between plasma levels of Lp(a) and coronary calcium scores in any group, although all black men with very high plasma levels of Lp(a) (>300 micromol/L; n=7) were CAC-positive. Whites with high plasma levels of Lp(a) plus elevated plasma levels of LDL cholesterol (men) or reduced levels of HDL cholesterol (men and women) or who smoked (women) had a higher prevalence of CAC. In contrast, no joint effects between plasma levels of Lp(a) and other cardiovascular risk factors on coronary calcium were found in blacks.No consistent independent relationship between plasma levels of Lp(a) or apolipoprotein(a) isoform size and coronary calcium was found in whites or blacks.
TESTICULAR CHORIONEPITHELIOMA WITH GYNECO-MASTIA AND COMPLETE PREGNANCY REACTIONS
Authors: Robert M. Entwisle
Journal: JAMA (1935)

This case is made a matter of record for the reason that it is the second reported case in which the pituitary gland in a male shows the characteristic biologic and histologic changes identical with those found in the pituitary of pregnant women. W. E., a white man, aged 22, a student, was perfectly well until two and one-half months before entering St. Francis Hospital, Pittsburgh, or until four months before his death. The onset was about two months after a large shepherd dog playfully pawed him, causing some pain in the left side of the scrotum. The day following this there was some swelling in the scrotum and he consulted a physician concerning it. Within a week the swelling and pain had entirely disappeared, and from that time on the testicle gave him no concern, nor did he in any way connect this with his illness until it was brought out by