tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
D-penicillamine in palindromic rheumatism.
Authors: D N Golding
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Abstract</h3> PHB (poly-hydroxy-butyrate) represents a promising bioplastic variety with good biodegradation properties. Furthermore, PHB can be produced completely carbon-neutral when synthesized in the natural producer cyanobacterium <i>Synechocystis sp.</i> PCC 6803. This model strain has a long history of various attempts to further boost its low amounts of produced intracellular PHB of ~15 % per cell-dry-weight (CDW). We have created a new strain that lacks the regulatory protein PirC (gene product of <i>sll0944</i>), which causes a rapid conversion of the intracellular glycogen pools to PHB under nutrient limiting conditions. To further improve the intracellular PHB content, two genes from the PHB metabolism, phaA and phaB from the known production strain <i>Cupriavidus necator</i>, were introduced under the regime of the strong promotor P<i>psbA2</i>. The created strain, termed PPT1 (Δ<i>sll0944</i>-RE<i>phaAB</i>), produced high amounts of PHB under continuous light as well under day-night rhythm. When grown in nitrogen and phosphor depleted medium, the cells produced up to 63 % / CDW. Upon the addition of acetate, the content was further increased to 81 % / CDW. The produced polymer consists of pure PHB, which is highly isotactic. The achieved amounts were the highest ever reported in any known cyanobacterium and demonstrate the potential of cyanobacteria for a sustainable, industrial production of PHB.
The Rocking Chair for the Fowler Position.
Authors: J. F. Baldwin
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Columbus, Ohio, Sept. 9, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —One of the greatest advances in the treatment of purulent peritonitis we owe to Dr. Fowler, who first suggested putting the patient in a semi-recumbent position after operation in order to secure better drainage, and to keep the pus as much as possible from the upper portion of the abdomen where absorption is rapid. His suggestion was to elevate the head of the bed. I used this method in a number of cases, but found it rather difficult to keep the patient from sliding down toward the foot. A number of devices were resorted to to prevent this, but none of them were entirely satisfactory. I then tried to get up some sort of a mechanical device which could be placed on the bed and which would answer the purpose better. It finally struck me that a rocking chair would furnish just
THE HISTOLOGY OF THE PERIODONTAL SULCUS
Authors: J. G. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1927)

OF THE PERIODONTAL SULCUS. .-TDWBA and of the concomitant fall of sphygmometer pressure varying from 30 to 75 or more millimetres.To me the ludgement to be pronounced is clear, plain, and inevitable. CAUSATION.As to causation, let me refer for a moment to the term "hyperpiesis," introduced to define cases of raised sphygmometer readings in persons without arterio-sclerosis and with no evidence of kidney lesion.They were therefore inexplicable, and were labelled with this name.I have seen many cases of this kind, but I never saw one without
DNA methylation changes are a late event in acute promyelocytic leukemia and coincide with loss of transcription factor binding
Authors: Till Schoofs, Christian Rohde, Katja Hebestreit, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Stefanie Göllner, Isabell Schulze, Mads Lerdrup, Nikolaj Dietrich, Shuchi Agrawal-Singh, Anika Witten, Monika Stoll, Eva Lengfelder, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Peter Schlenke, Thomas Büchner, Klaus Hansen, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Frank Rosenbauer, Martin Dugas, Carsten Müller-Tidow
Journal: Blood (2012)
Cardiac Blood-Pool Imaging in Oncology
Authors: STEPHEN L. STUCKEY, ALEXANDER G. PITMAN, RODNEY J. HICKS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Cardiac function is commonly evaluated in patients with cancer in most nuclear medicine departments. At their dedicated cancer facility, the authors routinely perform a dynamic right anterior oblique first-pass study and a 4-minute left anterior oblique static planar study in addition to the routine equilibrium gated scanning in appropriate projections. Here they show the range of noncardiac disease encountered using this protocol. Useful unexpected information can be obtained from left ventricular ejection studies, and further data may be gained from these simple additions to this common test.
Two Cases of Tetanus Neonatorum Treated with Penicillin and Aureomycin
Authors: M. E. Egerton
Journal: BMJ (1952)

ANGIOMA VENOSUM RACEMOSUMIBIUr?e tumours arise from a developmental fault of the central nervous system, so these lesions may occur in any of the organs innervated by filaments from that neuromere.Appreciation of the skin naevi in this case enabled a correct pre-operative diagnosis to be made.Summary A case is described of angioma venosum racemosum of the cervical spinal cord associated with angiomata of the omentum and skin naevi of the same metameres.The diagnostic value of the cutaneous lesions is stressed.I wish to thank Dr.
Birth‐related factors and doctor‐diagnosed wheezing and allergic sensitization in early childhood
Authors: L. Keski‐Nisula, A. Karvonen, P. I. Pfefferle, H. Renz, G. Büchele, J. Pekkanen
Journal: Allergy (2010)

To cite this article: Keski‐Nisula L, Karvonen A, Pfefferle PI, Renz H, Büchele G, Pekkanen J. Birth‐related factors and doctor‐diagnosed wheezing and allergic sensitization in early childhood. Allergy 2010; 65 : 1116–1125. Abstract Background: To investigate the associations between clinical obstetric factors during birth and doctor‐diagnosed wheezing and allergic sensitization during early childhood. Methods: We followed 410 Finnish women from late pregnancy until 18 months age of their children. All children were delivered at term. Doctor‐diagnosed wheezing among children was established by questionnaires, while specific immunoglobulin E antibodies to inhalant and food allergens were measured in 388 children at 1 year of age. Data on maternal obstetric variables were recorded at the time of delivery. Results: Children of mothers with longer duration of ruptured fetal membranes before birth had significantly higher risk of doctor‐diagnosed wheezing during early childhood compared to those children with shorter period of ruptured fetal membranes (III vs I quartile; aOR 6.65, 95% CI 1.99–22.18; P &lt; 0.002 and IV vs I quartile; aOR 3.88, 95% CI 1.05–14.36, P &lt; 0.043). Children who were born by Cesarean delivery had significantly less allergic sensitization at the age of 1 year compared to those who were born by vaginal route (16.0% vs 32.2%; aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.80; P &lt; 0.013). Furthermore, allergic sensitization tended to be more common in children with longer duration of labor before birth. No other birth‐related obstetric factors, such as induction, the type of fetal membrane rupture during birth or quality of amniotic fluid were associated significantly with the examined outcomes. Conclusion: The longer duration of the ruptured fetal membranes possibly reflected the higher risk of intrapartum infection at birth, and further increased the risk of doctor‐diagnosed wheezing among offspring.
Independent Duplications of the Acetylcholinesterase Gene Conferring Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquito Culex pipiens
Authors: Pierrick Labbé, Arnaud Berthomieu, Claire Berticat, Haoues Alout, Michel Raymond, Thomas Lenormand, Mylène Weill
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Gene duplication is thought to be the main potential source of material for the evolution of new gene functions. Several models have been proposed for the evolution of new functions through duplication, most based on ancient events (Myr). We provide molecular evidence for the occurrence of several (at least 3) independent duplications of the ace-1 locus in the mosquito Culex pipiens, selected in response to insecticide pressure that probably occurred very recently (<40 years ago). This locus encodes the main target of several insecticides, the acetylcholinesterase. The duplications described consist of 2 alleles of ace-1, 1 susceptible and 1 resistant to insecticide, located on the same chromosome. These events were detected in different parts of the world and probably resulted from distinct mechanisms. We propose that duplications were selected because they reduce the fitness cost associated with the resistant ace-1 allele through the generation of persistent, advantageous heterozygosis. The rate of duplication of ace-1 in C. pipiens is probably underestimated, but seems to be rather high.
PTU-113 Quality of life in patients with ileoanal pouch: a survey comparing two different patient populations
Authors: M F Jaboli, E Cronin, L Marelli, P Gionchetti, F Rizzello, A Calafiore, O Olagunju, G Poggioli, G Erian, O Epstein, M Hamilton, C Murray
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard restorative procedure for ulcerative colitis (UC) following colectomy. This operation is, however, associated with distinct rates of failure and complications. We performed a survey to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) after IPAA comparing patients followed up in two different teaching Hospitals in London (L), UK and Bologna (B), Italy. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 126 (71L+55B) UC patients received the questionnaire by mail or during clinic. The questionnaire was done according to the IBDQ and it was designed to assess pouch function, disease-specific adjustment, lifestyle aspects and psychological factors. 85 (43L+42B) patients (67%) returned it (M/F= 46/39; age 41±16 years); average pouch duration was 5–7 years. <h3>Results</h3> There was no significant difference between L and B in terms of age, gender, marital status, pouch duration, bowel frequency (median 3–6 motions per day and 1–2 per night), experience of leakage (30% more than once a week) and need of additional surgery (0.05%). In L there were significantly more patients who had at least one episode of pouchitis (72%) compared to B (33%). L used significantly more alternative remedies (L 11% vs B 0%), antimotility drugs (L 44% vs B 30%), antibiotics (L 65% vs B 29%) and steroids (L 16% vs B 7%). No difference in immunosuppressant (18%) and VSL#3 use (22%). L patients regret having IPAA significantly more frequently (L 13% vs B 0.02%), cope less with the stoma (in L 39% hated it vs 0% in B), suffer more of unpredictability (L 51% vs B 19%), are less capable to hold the stool for more than 1 h (L 62% vs B 88%) and have more worrying thoughts (L 30% vs B 9%). B patients play sport significantly more frequently (B 76% vs L 53%). L and B reported similar QoL, well being, cheerfulness, ability to work, go on holiday and enjoy things they used to do; similar confidence in doing whatever they want and level of concern in finding a toilet. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our survey showed that in London patients developed more pouchitis and therefore used more medications. They cope worse with the pouch and regret more having had surgery. Interestingly in Italy patients play more sport, but the overall quality of life was the same. Extent and severity of disease prior to surgery, smoking and association with primary sclerosis cholangitis may play a role in the increase incidence of pouchitis in London, but these data were not available in our anonymous questionnaire. Different biologic behaviour and/or genetic background may contribute in this difference. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract 4185: Isolation of cancer stem-like cells from a novel orthotopic xenograt model of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor that is susceptible to oncolytic Seneca Valley Virus
Authors: Zhigang Liu, Xiumei Zhao, Adenkunle M. Adesina, Patricia Baxter, Yijue Zhao, Pulavalti Rao, Jack M. Su, Lazlo Perlaky, Robert Dauser, Murali Chintagumpala, Ching C. Lau, Susan M. Blaney, Xiao-Nan Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) accounts for 2-3% of all pediatric brain tumors. Despite multimodality therapies, the clinical outcome remains poor, and the 5-year progression free survival rate is less than 40%. Clinically relevant animal models are needed for understanding tumor biology and developing more effective therapies. Here we report our recent development of a clinically relevant animal model, isolation and characterization of cancer stem-like cells in the xenograft tumors, and preclinical investigation of the antitumor efficacy of a novel picorna oncolytic virus Seneca Valley Virus-001 (SVV-001) both in vitro and vivo, especially in cancer stem-like cells. Experimental Design: Orthotopic xenograft mouse model was developed by direct injection of 105 tumor cells from a freshly resected brain PNET tumor specimen into the right cerebrum of Rag2/severe combined immunodeficient mice. CD133+ cells were quantitatively analyzed and isolated with FACS using human-specific antibodies against CD133. Antitumor activity of SVV-001was evaluated in vitro in cultured xenograft tumor cells and in vivo in mice bearing pre-formed xenograft tumors. Results: A novel transplantable PNET xenograft model IC-2664PNT was established. The xenograft tumors not only replicate the biologic phenotypes but also preserve cancer stem-like cell pools. The IC-2664PNET neurospheres, which expressed high levels of CD133 and nestin, were efficiently infected and killed by SVV-001 (0.5-25 virus particle/ cell). A single tail vein injection of SVV-001 (5×1012 virus particle/kg) prolonged survival time of PNET xenograft model. Conclusions: We have established the first clinically relevant animal model for childhood supratentorial PNET. It replicated the major histopathological features of the original patient tumor, and preserved a CD133+ stem cells pool during serial subtransplantations. SVV-001 has potent antitumor efficacy in PNET, especially selectively kill cancer stem-like cells, and prolong survival in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4185.
The Cushing Syndrome
Authors: David N. Orth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 June 1995The Cushing SyndromeDavid N. OrthDavid N. OrthNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2250.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Avgerinos and Cutler [1] fail to address a central issue [2]: The diagnosis of the Cushing syndrome and the differential diagnosis of its causes do not depend on a single diagnostic test result but rather on the consistency of multiple test results in indicating a single cause. Matrix analysis addresses the following type of question: What is the probability that an individual patient has ectopic as opposed to pituitary ACTH secretion if his or her basal urine free cortisol excretion is greater than w µgrams/24 h and decreases by less than x% after high-dose dexamethasone administration, his ...References1. Avgerinos PC, Yanovski JA, Oldfield EH, Nieman LK, Cutler GB Jr. The metyrapone and dexamethasone suppression tests for the differential diagnosis of the adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing syndrome: a comparison. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:318-27. Google Scholar2. Orth DN. The Cushing syndrome: quest for the Holy Grail (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:377-8. Google Scholar3. Orth DN, DeBold CR, DeCherney GS, Jackson RV, Sheldon WR Jr, Nicholson WE, et al. Clinical studies with ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone. Excerpta Medica International Congress of Ser. 1984; 655:963-6. Google Scholar4. Malchoff CD, Orth DN, Abboud C, Carney JA, Pairolero PC, Carey RM. Ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by a bronchial carcinoid tumor responsive to dexamethasone, metyrapone and corticotropin-releasing factor. Am J Med. 1988; 84:760-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2250. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDisseminated Cryptococcosis in a Patient with Pituitary Cushing`s Disease 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 959-960KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneAtrophyBlood plasmaCortisolCreatinineDexamethasone suppression testExcretionFallsSpecificityUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Modern Trends in Paediatrics—4
Authors: Leslie L. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The editor states his intention of presenting a series of "progress reports" to "indicate advances and trends" in pediatrics for "practising doctors." In a multiauthored volume such as this, one might anticipate the varying degrees of success with which the contributors have carried out the editor's intent. The topics, covered within 13 chapters and 376 pages, range from growth and development of the fetus to leukemia, renal function, immunobiology, and ethical problems in pediatrics. The chapter on "Growth and the Fetus" is an excellent, succinct interpolation and interpretation of Dr. Ounsted's own data, and those of others. Drs. Laurence, Burland, and Harrison's discussion of "Drugs in Fetal Life and Infancy" is a fairly comprehensive review, but, nevertheless, their recommendations regarding (diagnosis and) treatment of neonatal septicemia and meningitis are at variance with what is currently being practiced in many pediatric centers in the United States. This chapter and others also
Treatment-Related Mortality With Bevacizumab in Cancer Patients
Authors: Vishal Ranpura, Sanjaykumar Hapani, Shenhong Wu
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Fatal adverse events (FAEs) have been reported in cancer patients treated with the widely used angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy. Currently, the role of bevacizumab in treatment-related mortality is not clear.To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the overall risk of FAEs associated with bevacizumab.PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases as well as abstracts presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology conferences from January 1966 to October 2010 were searched to identify relevant studies.Eligible studies included prospective RCTs in which bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy or biological therapy was compared with chemotherapy or biological therapy alone. Summary incidence rates, relative risks (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models.A total of 10,217 patients with a variety of advanced solid tumors from 16 RCTs were included in the analysis. The overall incidence of FAEs with bevacizumab was 2.5% (95% CI, 1.7%-3.9%). Compared with chemotherapy alone, the addition of bevacizumab was associated with an increased risk of FAEs, with an RR of 1.46 (95% CI, 1.09-1.94; P = .01; incidence, 2.5% vs 1.7%). This association varied significantly with chemotherapeutic agents (P = .045) but not with tumor types (P = .13) or bevacizumab doses (P = .16). Bevacizumab was associated with an increased risk of FAEs in patients receiving taxanes or platinum agents (RR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.82-6.66; incidence, 3.3% vs 1.0%) but was not associated with increased risk of FAEs when used in conjunction with other agents (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.25-2.88; incidence, 0.8% vs 0.9%). The most common causes of FAEs were hemorrhage (23.5%), neutropenia (12.2%), and gastrointestinal tract perforation (7.1%).In a meta-analysis of RCTs, bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy or biological therapy, compared with chemotherapy alone, was associated with increased treatment-related mortality.
Prevalence of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and MTHFR C677T mutations in a Greek population of blood donors
Authors: T. Antoniadi, T. Hatzis, C. Kroupis, E. Economou‐Petersen, M.B. Petersen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The pathogenesis of venous thrombosis involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In order to estimate the frequency of the factor V Leiden, the prothrombin G20210A, and the MTHFR C677T mutations in the Greek population, we analyzed 160 healthy Greek blood donors by PCR amplification and detected allele frequencies of 2.5%, 2.2%, and 35.3%, respectively. The allele frequencies were compared with reported frequencies of other populations of southern Europe. The identification of these common genetic risk factors for thrombosis should enable easy DNA diagnosis and carrier detection in a high proportion of cases and will contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors. Am. J. Hematol. 61:265–267, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bromwich v. Waters
Authors: F. H. Ramsbotham
Journal: BMJ (1863)

<h3>Objective</h3> Our objective was to calculate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) point prevalence estimates in the CARTaGENE cohort, as well as to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of our ascertainment approach, using physician billing data. We investigated the effects of using varying observation windows in the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) health services administrative databases, alone or in combination with self-reported diagnoses and drugs. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied subjects enrolled in the CARTaGENE cohort, which recruited 19,995 participants from 4 metropolitan regions in Québec from August 2009 to October 2010. A series of Bayesian latent class models were developed to assess the effects of 3 factors: the number of years of billing data, the addition of self-reported information on RA diagnoses and drugs, and the adjustment for misclassification error. <h3>Results</h3> The 3-year 2010 point prevalence estimate among cohort members aged 40–69 years, using physician billing plus self-report, adjusting for misclassification error in each source, was 0.9% [95% credible interval (CrI) 0.7–1.2] with RAMQ sensitivity of 84.0% (95% CrI 74.0–93.7) and a specificity of 99.8% (95% CrI 99.6–100.0). Our results show variations in the prevalence point estimates related to all 3 factors investigated. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study illustrates that multiple data sources identify more RA cases and thus a higher prevalence estimate. RA point prevalence estimates using billing data are lower if fewer years of data are used.
THE CHEMICAL OBLITERATION OF VARICOSE VEINS
Authors: HERMANN SCHUSSLER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

For the past fifteen years a number of European physicians have been treating varicose veins of the leg bythe injection of various sclerosing solutions. Originated by Linser of Tübingen, Germany, in 1912, and later popularized in France by Sicard of Paris, the method is gradually replacing the operation of varicotomy in these two countries, as well as in Austria, Sweden and Denmark. Recently several papers on this method have appeared from England, and a few in the American literature. In each of these countries the method has slowly made headway in the face of considerable opposition on the part of conservative clinicians, who feared such complications as pulmonary embolism, sloughing of the tissues from perivenous injection, and toxic effects from some of the solutions used. All of these have been reported in the literature, but embolism has occurred so seldom as to be considered a negligible danger, toxic effects have