tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arsenic exposure from drinking water and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Bangladesh: prospective cohort study
Authors: Y. Chen, J. H. Graziano, F. Parvez, M. Liu, V. Slavkovich, T. Kalra, M. Argos, T. Islam, A. Ahmed, M. Rakibuz-Zaman, R. Hasan, G. Sarwar, D. Levy, A. van Geen, H. Ahsan
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the association between arsenic exposure and mortality from cardiovascular disease and to assess whether cigarette smoking influences the association. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study with arsenic exposure measured in drinking water from wells and urine. <b>Setting</b> General population in Araihazar, Bangladesh. <b>Participants</b> 11 746 men and women who provided urine samples in 2000 and were followed up for an average of 6.6 years. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Death from cardiovascular disease. <b>Results</b> 198 people died from diseases of circulatory system, accounting for 43% of total mortality in the population. The mortality rate for cardiovascular disease was 214.3 per 100 000 person years in people drinking water containing &lt;12.0 µg/L arsenic, compared with 271.1 per 100 000 person years in people drinking water with ≥12.0 µg/L arsenic. There was a dose-response relation between exposure to arsenic in well water assessed at baseline and mortality from ischaemic heart disease and other heart disease; the hazard ratios in increasing quarters of arsenic concentration in well water (0.1-12.0, 12.1-62.0, 62.1-148.0, and 148.1-864.0 µg/L) were 1.00 (reference), 1.22 (0.65 to 2.32), 1.35 (0.71 to 2.57), and 1.92 (1.07 to 3.43) (P=0.0019 for trend), respectively, after adjustment for potential confounders including age, sex, smoking status, educational attainment, body mass index (BMI), and changes in urinary arsenic concentration since baseline. Similar associations were observed when baseline total urinary arsenic was used as the exposure variable and for mortality from ischaemic heart disease specifically. The data indicate a significant synergistic interaction between arsenic exposure and cigarette smoking in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and other heart disease. In particular, the hazard ratio for the joint effect of a moderate level of arsenic exposure (middle third of well arsenic concentration 25.3-114.0 µg/L, mean 63.5 µg/L) and cigarette smoking on mortality from heart disease was greater than the sum of the hazard ratios associated with their individual effect (relative excess risk for interaction 1.56, 0.05 to 3.14; P=0.010). <b>Conclusions</b> Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is adversely associated with mortality from heart disease, especially among smokers.
Propranolol in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia
Authors: J F Lipinski, G S Zubenko, B M Cohen, P J Barreira
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Fourteen patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia were treated with propranolol in an open trial. All patients demonstrated substantial improvement of their akathisia; nine of the 14 obtained complete remission. Response was quite rapid, occurring within 24 hours in most cases. Doses required for improvement were low (30-80 mg/day), and side effects were few. Lithium-induced tremor improved considerably, but symptoms of parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia showed little change. Preliminary results with certain other beta blockers suggest that they are less effective than propranolol in the treatment of akathisia.
Hospital admission during pregnancy raises risk of thromboembolism
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A cohort study has found that women admitted to hospital during their pregnancy have a substantially increased risk of venous thromboembolism and that the risk remains higher in the 28 days after discharge.1

Researchers from the University of Nottingham and Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust in London used linked primary and secondary care data records to identify 206 785 pregnant women aged 15-44 …
REMOVAL OF THE EPITHELIOMATOUS TONSIL, BY THE EXTERNAL ROUTE (PHARYNGOTOMY), WITH A REPORT OF TWO SUCCESSFUL CASES.
Authors: A. F. JONAS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It is not our purpose today to discuss epithelioma from an etiologic or pathologic standpoint: these subjects belong to those who are more competent, and should receive consideration only from those whose authority is based on experimental research. As practical surgeons we are chiefly concerned in the clinical and operative aspects of this insidious, relentless and fatal disease. We will direct our attention to the tonsil when affected by epithelioma. This, on first thought, does not seem to be the place for discussing diseases of the tonsil, but nearly every special field that is more or less surgical, will have in it more or less work for the general surgeon. The field of laryngology and rhinology, in common with others, contains many diseases whose surgical magnitude and responsibility seem to require a general surgeon for their management. The cases which will serve to illustrate our theme today were referred by
Pernicious Anemia, 18q Deletion Syndrome, and IgA Deficiency
Authors: Julian Hasen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Reading the CASE REPORT entitled "Pernicious Anemia, 18q Deletion Syndrome, and IgA Deficiency" (1982;248:1359), I arrive at conclusions different from those of the authors for the following reasons. 1. Antibodies that act against thyroid and parietal gastric cells are widely available commercially, and their mention would have lent support to the authors' conclusion of autoimmune processes accounting for both hypothyroidism and pernicious anemia. Such data, however, are missing from the report, weakening their arguments. 2. The patient's chromosomal structure is more complex than the title indicates, since in the text two distinct karyotypes are described— 18q deletion (18q—) and 18r. This implies losses of chromosomal material from both sides of the centromere (ie, short [p—] and long [q] arm). Since short-arm deletions of both types— 18p deletion (18p—)1 and 18r—are known to be associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis, an alternative interpretation of the observed hypothyroidism deserves consideration. The
Emerging tobacco hazards in China: 1. Retrospective proportional mortality study of one million deaths
Authors: B.-Q. Liu, R. Peto, Z.-M. Chen, J. Boreham, Y.-P. Wu, J.-Y. Li, T C. Campbell, J.-S. Chen
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<b>Objective:</b> To assess the hazards at an early phase of the growing epidemic of deaths from tobacco in China. <b>Design:</b> Smoking habits before 1980&nbsp;(obtained from family or other informants) of 0.7&nbsp;million adults who had died of neoplastic, respiratory, or vascular causes were compared with those of a reference group of 0.2&nbsp;million who had died of other causes. <b>Setting:</b> 24 urban and 74&nbsp;rural areas of China. <b>Subjects:</b> One million people who had died during 1986-8 and whose families could be interviewed. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Tobacco attributable mortality in middle or old age from neoplastic, respiratory, or vascular disease. <b>Results:</b> Among male smokers aged 35-69&nbsp;there was a 51% (SE 2) excess of neoplastic deaths, a 31% (2) excess of respiratory deaths, and a 15% (2) excess of vascular deaths. All three excesses were significant (P&lt;0.0001). Among male smokers aged align=baseline&gt;70 there was a 39% (3) excess of neoplastic deaths, a 54% (2) excess of respiratory deaths, and a 6% (2) excess of vascular deaths. Fewer women smoked, but those who did had tobacco attributable risks of lung cancer and respiratory disease about the same as men. For both sexes, the lung cancer rates at ages 35-69&nbsp;were about three times as great in smokers as in non-smokers, but because the rates among non-smokers in different parts of China varied widely the absolute excesses of lung cancer in smokers also varied. Of all deaths attributed to tobacco, 45% were due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 15% to lung cancer; oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, tuberculosis, stroke, and ischaemic heart disease each caused 5-8%. Tobacco caused about 0.6&nbsp;million Chinese deaths in 1990&nbsp;(0.5&nbsp;million men). This will rise to 0.8 million in 2000&nbsp;(0.4&nbsp;million at ages 35-69) or to more if the tobacco attributed fractions increase. <b>Conclusions:</b> At current age specific death rates in smokers and non-smokers one in four smokers would be killed by tobacco, but as the epidemic grows this proportion will roughly double. If current smoking uptake rates persist in China (where about two thirds of men but few women become smokers) tobacco will kill about 100&nbsp;million of the 0.3&nbsp;billion males now aged 0-29,&nbsp;with half these deaths in middle age and half in old age.
Transaminase levels in the postconvalescent phase of infectious hepatitis
Authors: D. M. Reisler
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Forty-one persons, mostly children, were followed up with serial serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) determinations for 6 to 12 months after onset of acute infectious hepatitis. An abnormal level was observed in the postconvalescent period in 12 (29%) of these. Most children with SGPT abnormality were asymptomatic; among the few with mild residual complaints, there appeared to be no necessary correlation with SGPT level. Observations made approximately one year after onset did not suggest that chronic hepatitis had developed within that interval in any of the children. It does not appear that SGPT abnormality is a reason by itself for reinstituting bed rest or restricting activity.
Gallium-67 Uptake in the Salivary Glands in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease after Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: KUNIHIKO YAMAUCHI, KENICHI NOGUCHI, YUTAKA SUZUKI, TADAMI NAGAO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Ga-67 citrate scans were performed in a 17-year-old female patient after bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ga-67 accumulated in salivary glands in which chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVH) was demonstrated pathologically. Ga-67 scan may be a sensitive and noninvasive test for detecting and monitoring the Sicca syndrome induced by chronic GVH.
Cocain in Tucker Asthma Cure.
Authors: Herman F. Vickery
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Boston, July 20, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Having repeatedly found that patients coming to me for medical advice were using the secret remedy for asthma sold by Dr. N. Tucker of Mount Gilead, Ohio, I naturally became desirous of knowing its composition. It is employed locally by means of an atomizer, and those using it have claimed that they experienced undoubted relief from its employment. At my suggestion a man obtained for me some of the remedy and gave it to me in the bottle in which he bought it. It has been examined by Dr. Frank Piper and Dr. Julian W. Baird, both of Boston, and both find that it contains cocain. Dr. Baird, who is dean of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and has been teaching chemistry for over twenty years, also made a quantitative examination, demonstrating a little over 7 grains of the hydrochlorate of cocain to
Long term care can be provided by NHS at low cost
Authors: J. Bickford
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—John Warden draws attention to the increasingly difficult problem of caring for elderly patients who need high dependency nursing care but not expensive hospital beds.1 One way in which good nursing home care can be provided at relatively low cost is by enlisting the voluntary sector. Experience in the Wirral shows that this can be achieved. The staff of the department of medicine for the elderly at Clatterbridge Hospital, headed by Dr John Aitken, thought of establishing an independent, non-profit making …
Reduction of left ventricular mass in normal rats by captopril
Authors: G. L FREEMAN, W. C LITTLE, J. R HAYWOOD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To assess the influence of captopril on left ventricular mass in 24 normal Sprague-Dawley rats, 12 were given high sodium (group 1) and 12 low sodium (group 2) diets. Half the rats given each diet were treated with 30 mg·kg−1/day captopril by gavage, the others were given placebo. Mean(SEM) arterial pressure was significantly reduced in group 2 treated rats (102.3(2.0) vs 123.4(1.5) mmHg, p<0.0002) but not in group 1 treated rats (113.8(2.5) vs 123.7(2.9) mmHg, NS). Blood pressure response to a 200 ng·kg−1 iv dose of angiotensin I was blocked in both group 2 (8.3(2.1) increase vs 29.7(3.6) mmHg increase for controls) and group 1 treated rats (7.8(2.8) increase vs 36.5(4.0) mmHg increase for controls). In group 2 treated rats the left ventricular to body weight ratio (× 10−3) was reduced compared with control (2.1(0.05) vs 2.4(0.08), p=0.026), whereas in group 1 rats this ratio was not significantly different in the treated and control groups (2.3(0.06) vs 2.5(0.18), NS), suggesting that the reduction in left ventricular mass resulted from the influence of captopril on blood pressure. It is concluded that captopril causes a reduction in left ventricular mass in normal rats as a result of a reduction in blood pressure, independent of the effects of angiotensin I converting enzyme. This supports the concept that left ventricular mass is determined primarily by wall stress and is capable of both upward and downward regulation.
Cerebrospinal fluid gamma aminobutyric acid levels in migraine.
Authors: K M Welch, E Chabi, K Bartosh, V S Achar, J S Meyer
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in cerebrospinal fluid were measured in seven patients with tension headache and 12 patients with migraine. GABA was detected only during the migraine attack. The results suggest disordered GABA metabolism in migraine.
Folic acid supplementation during treatment of psoriasis with methotrexate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: A. Salim, E. Tan, A. Ilchyshyn, J. Berth-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Folic acid supplementation during treatment of psoriasis with methotrexate: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial Get access A. Salim, A. Salim Department of Dermatology, Walsgrave Hospital, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Tan, E. Tan Department of Dermatology, Walsgrave Hospital, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Ilchyshyn, A. Ilchyshyn Department of Dermatology, Walsgrave Hospital, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Berth‐Jones J. Berth‐Jones Department of Dermatology, Walsgrave Hospital, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K John Berth‐Jones. E‐mail: johnberthjones@aol.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 6, 1 June 2006, Pages 1169–1174, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07289.x Published: 01 June 2006 Article history Accepted: 10 October 2005 Published: 01 June 2006
Hemodynamics in diabetic orthostatic hypotension.
Authors: J Hilsted, H H Parving, N J Christensen, J Benn, H Galbo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Hemodynamic variables (blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, plasma volume, splanchnic blood flow, and peripheral subcutaneous blood flow) and plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and renin were measured in the supine position and after 30 min of quiet standing. This was done in normal subjects (n = 7) and in juvenile-onset diabetic patients without neuropathy (n = 8), with slight neuropathy (decreased beat-to-beat variation in heart rate during hyperventilation) (n = 8), and with severe neuropathy including orthostatic hypotension (n = 7). Blood pressure decreased precipitously in the standing position in the diabetics with orthostatic hypotension, whereas moderate decreases were found in the other three groups. Upon standing, heart rate rose and cardiac output and plasma volume decreased similarly in the four groups. The increases in total peripheral resistance, splanchnic vascular resistance and subcutaneous vascular resistance were all significantly lower (P less than 0.025) in the patients with orthostatic hypotension compared with the other three groups. The increase in plasma norepinephrine concentrations in the patients with orthostatic hypotension was significantly lower (P less than 0.025) than in the patients without neuropathy, whereas plasma renin responses to standing were similar in the four groups. We conclude that in diabetic hypoadrenergic orthostatic hypotension the basic pathophysiological defect is lack of ability to increase vascular resistance, probably due to impaired sympathetic activity in the autonomic nerves innervating resistance vessels; cardiac output and plasma volume responses to standing are similar to those found in normal subjects and in diabetics without neuropathy.
Potassium Permanganate in the Treatment of Pneumonia
Authors: JOHN L. CHESTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 May 1929Potassium Permanganate in the Treatment of PneumoniaJOHN L. CHESTERJOHN L. CHESTERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-11-1175 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe potassium permanganate treatment of certain diseases of toxic and infectious origin first came to my attention in a purely accidental manner. A professional colleague inadvertently mentioned that this oxidizing antiseptic and deodorant, held in aqueous solution and slowly injected into the rectum as a retained enema, had been reported from England as productive of startling results in pneumonia. I do not know that I gave much heed to the reported discovery at the time, if such a discovery there was. Like most practitioners I had become somewhat immune to enthusiasm over 'discoveries' of pneumonia specifics. Too many of them... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Detroit, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByZur Frage der Kreislaufbehandlung bei Lobärer Pneumonie 1 May 1929Volume 2, Issue 11Page: 1175-1184KeywordsInfectious diseasesPneumoniaPotassiumRectum Issue Published: 1 May 1929 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Epithelial deposits of immunoglobulin G1 and activated complement colocalise with the M(r) 40 kD putative autoantigen in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: T S Halstensen, K M Das, P Brandtzaeg
Journal: Gut (1993)

The intestinal expression pattern and general tissue distribution of the M(r) 40 kD putative epithelial autoantigen in ulcerative colitis were re-examined by in situ two and three colour immunofluorescence staining including the murine monoclonal antibody 7E12H12. The intestinal distribution was also compared with the epithelial codeposition of IgG1 and activated complement (C3b and terminal complement complex) seen selectively in ulcerative colitis. The M(r) 40 kD antigen was found for the first time in goblet cells of normal terminal ileum and proximal colon but not in rectal goblet cells. By contrast, colonic enterocytes expressed this antigen apically with increasing intensity in a distal direction, expanding to intense cytoplasmic expression in rectal enterocytes. The antigen was also expressed by the epithelium of the fallopian tubes, major bile ducts, gall bladder, and epidermis but not by proximal gastrointestinal tract epithelium or 13 other extra-gastrointestinal organs. Activated complement and IgG1 often colocalised with the M, 40 kD antigen apically on the surface epithelium in active ulcerative colitis but not in Crohn9s disease. Our results support the idea that an autoimmune response to this antigen, leading to complement activation mediated by IgG1, is a possible pathogenetic mechanism for epithelial damage and persistent inflammation in ulcerative colitis.
Cardiac catecholamine synthesis, turnover, and metabolism with isoproterenol-induced myocytolysis
Authors: R. A. Mueller, H. Thoenen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Isoproterenol-induced myocytolysis in heart muscle is accompanied by an increased turnover of noradrenaline as a result of increased release of physiologically active neurotransmitter. A decline in noradrenaline content may be prevented by the increased extraction of circulating catecholamines produced in the adrenal medulla.
Israel tries to stop import of nicotine “sweet” from Sweden
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Israel's health ministry is trying to find legal means to halt the import and sale of a fruit flavoured smokeless tobacco product from Sweden that is sucked between the gum and the upper lip for its “nicotine effect.”

The product was recently allowed into Israel, apparently by the ministry of industry and trade, even though smokeless tobacco products have not been imported for 20 years—since the state comptroller wrote in his annual report that it was illegal to bring them into the country.

Called Kicks in Israel and “snus” in Sweden, the tin, sold for the equivalent of $8 (£4; €6), contains 20 tiny …
Adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: J. R. Hinds, G. C. Hitchcock
Journal: Thorax (1969)

The clinical and histological features of 53 cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung are presented. In more than one-third of the patients the tumour was a solitary nodule, raising the possibility that it might be a metastatic focus. Although histological features may suggest an origin from such sources as the kidney, uterus, ovary or bowel, nearly all such cancers are, in fact, primary bronchial tumours. It is seldom justifiable to submit the patient with a nodular adenocarcinoma in the lung to a search for a possible extrathoracic primary neoplasm.
Acute Encephalitis with Intranuclear Cellular Inclusions
Authors: Philip R. Dodge, Charles W. Cure
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IN 1933 Dawson1 reported the finding of intranuclear inclusions within nerve and glial cells of the central nervous system in a fatal case of encephalitis in man. Since then, no less than 33 additional fatal cases have been recorded in the liter-ture.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Although most authors agree that the pathological findings suggest a viral etiology, this was established in only 4 of these cases. In each the patient had an acute illness, and the virus of herpes simplex was recovered from the brain at aut-psy.12 13 14 15 The illness in most of the remaining cases was subacute or chronic, and the pattern of . . .
Conditioned Reflexes and Neuron Organization
Authors: W. HORSLEY GANTI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

which is an adjunct to the office of the practicing physician that it should prove especially helpful.The physician or the technician may readily find information about unfamiliar tests or laboratory methods which he has forgotten.The writing is explicit.Each procedure is detailed in step by step construction.For each test, the principles, general considerations, methods of performance, normal values, and interpretation of findings are listed in order.There are good charts and plates summarizing the findings of such essential laboratory data as the cerebrospinal fluid findings in diverse disease conditions, the morphological appearances of red and white blood cells, and the normal and pathological values in hematology.Diagrams are frequently used to illustrate different pieces of apparatus.The print is large, so that the volume may be left open on a table and read from a distance.The construction is sturdy.There is little that can be said against this book.One may rightly assert that the references to source work are too few and that the tests given are not at all inclusive, but these are minor criticisms.They do not detract from the fact that the author has done a first class, clear, practical job.