tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations of Liver Function in Chlorpromazine-Treated Alcoholic Patients
Authors: M. D. Small, A. E. Longarini, N. Zamcheck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE reported beneficial effects of chlorpromazine hydrochloride,1 2 3 including sedation, control of psychomotor agitation and suppression of nausea and vomiting, indicated its use in the treatment of "Skid Row" alcoholic patients admitted to the Long Island Hospital in Boston. However, in view of the reported occurrence of jaundice in some chlorpromazine-treated patients4 , 5 and because alcoholic patients may have liver dysfunction, a study was conducted to evaluate the possible hepatotoxic side effects of the drug in these patients.ProcedureA total of 500 patients with 750 separate hospital admissions were studied. The ages ranged from twenty-four to sixty-two years, with an average . . .
Normal Uptake in a Gravid Uterus on Tc-99m DTPA imaging
Authors: DAVID GRIFFITH, MICHAEL ALEXANDER, RUSSELL GELMAN, EDUARD KOTLYAROV
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 17-year-old female kidney transplant patient was admitted to the hospital with a fever and right lower quadrant pain. Although she was 14 weeks' pregnant, renal DTPA imaging was performed because graft rejection was suspected. The study revealed fetal uptake of DTPA medial to the transplanted kidney. This has not been previously reported. Uptake in a normal uterus has been described using Tc-99m pertechnetate, Tc-99m glucoheptonate, and Tc-99m MDP. There have also been reports of fetal uptake of Tc-99m MDP. It is essential to recognize uptake in the gravid uterus and to differentiate it from uptake secondary to a pathologic entity.
Inpatient Theophylline Toxicity: Preventable Factors
Authors: Gordon D. Schiff, Hemant K. Hegde, Lisa LaCloche, Daniel O. Hryhorczuk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To identify preventable factors contributing to inpatient theophylline toxicity. Design: Case series. Setting: Tertiary care public hospital. Patients: Forty consecutive adult inpatients (mean age, 56.5 years) with theophylline levels > 140 µmol/L (25.0 mg/L). Measurements and Main Results: A retrospective chart audit was done. Toxicity was produced in 27 of 40 patients by inpatient or emergency department theophylline administration. Management errors found included delay (> 10 hours) in taking action from time toxic blood levels were drawn (20 patients), inappropriately high dosing of patients with congestive heart failure (17 patients), failure to recognize obvious symptoms (16 patients), recurrent toxicity (11 patients), additional emergency department treatment of already toxic patients (7 patients), overlap of intravenous and oral therapy (6 patients), patient discharged with no physician awareness of toxicity or dosage change (5 patients). Conclusions: A set of recurring management errors was identified as contributing to inpatient theophylline toxicity. Effective preventive mechanisms could have prevented most toxicity and associated morbidity. Theophylline's overall risk-benefit ratio in the inpatient setting may be less than that measured in well-controlled studies of the drug's efficacy because of these management errors.
Socio-Economic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population Within Developing Countries: An Overview
Authors: Cesar G. Victora
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Dysuria in Women
Authors: Anthony L. Komaroff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

AS many as a quarter of adult women may experience an episode of acute dysuria each year.1 Dysuria is one of the most common clinical problems seen by clinicians in the developed Western nations,2 3 4 accounting for over 3 million office visits per year in the United States.4 Recent studies suggest that we need to alter traditional approaches to the care of women who have the acute onset of dysuria but do not have symptoms or signs suggesting acute pyelonephritis. The conventional view has held that (1) such patients have bacterial cystitis, (2) the responsible microorganisms are almost always the gram-negative . . .
Dopamine-modified α-synuclein blocks chaperone-mediated autophagy
Authors: Marta Martinez-Vicente, Zsolt Talloczy, Susmita Kaushik, Ashish C. Massey, Joseph Mazzulli, Eugene V. Mosharov, Roberto Hodara, Ross Fredenburg, Du-Chu Wu, Antonia Follenzi, William Dauer, Serge Przedborski, Harry Ischiropoulos, Peter T. Lansbury, David Sulzer, Ana Maria Cuervo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Altered degradation of α-synuclein (α-syn) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). We have shown that α-syn can be degraded via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective lysosomal mechanism for degradation of cytosolic proteins. Pathogenic mutants of α-syn block lysosomal translocation, impairing their own degradation along with that of other CMA substrates. While pathogenic α-syn mutations are rare, α-syn undergoes posttranslational modifications, which may underlie its accumulation in cytosolic aggregates in most forms of PD. Using mouse ventral medial neuron cultures, SH-SY5Y cells in culture, and isolated mouse lysosomes, we have found that most of these posttranslational modifications of α-syn impair degradation of this protein by CMA but do not affect degradation of other substrates. Dopamine-modified α-syn, however, is not only poorly degraded by CMA but also blocks degradation of other substrates by this pathway. As blockage of CMA increases cellular vulnerability to stressors, we propose that dopamine-induced autophagic inhibition could explain the selective degeneration of PD dopaminergic neurons.
"B12 Shots"
Authors: Paul R. McCurdy
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN A previous article in this series (229:703, 1974), I emphasized that many cyanocobalamin ("B<sub>12</sub>") shots are used, perhaps unwittingly, as a placebo. Cyanocobalamin is effective only when vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency exists. On the flip side, let me emphasize that it is imperative to recognize the true deficiency, to treat it, and to continue treatment indefinitely. When a friend or patient says, "... and this specialist tells me that I must take these shots for the rest of my life or I'll drift back into trouble again,"<i>reinforce</i>that physician's instruction when it is clear to you that the diagnosis of pernicious anemia was established adequately. The deficiency occurs in subjects who fail to absorb vitamin B<sub>12</sub>from the diet and in those who have inadequate dietary intake, usually associated with poor vitamin storage.<sup>1</sup>The latter group is composed mostly of alcoholic patients with liver disease. After
Care in U.S. Hospitals — The Hospital Quality Alliance Program
Authors: Ashish K. Jha, Zhonghe Li, E. John Orav, Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The Hospital Quality Alliance (HQA) is the first initiative that routinely reports data on hospitals' performance nationally. Heretofore, such data have been unavailable.We used data collected by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on 10 indicators of the quality of care for acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia. The main outcome measures were hospitals' performance with respect to each indicator and summary scores for each clinical condition. Predictors of a high level of performance were determined with the use of multivariable linear regression.A total of 3558 hospitals reported data on at least one stable measure (defined as information obtained from discharge data from at least 25 patients) during the first half of 2004. Median performance scores (expressed as the percentage of patients who satisfied the criterion) were at least 90 percent for 5 of the 10 measures but lower for the other 5. Performance varied moderately among large hospital-referral regions, with the top-ranked regions scoring 12 percentage points (for acute myocardial infarction) to 23 percentage points (for pneumonia) higher than the bottom-ranked regions. A high quality of care for acute myocardial infarction predicted a high quality of care for congestive heart failure but was only marginally better than chance at predicting a high quality of care for pneumonia. Characteristics associated with small but significant increases in performance included being an academic hospital, being in the Northeast or Midwest, and being a not-for-profit hospital.Analysis of data from the new HQA national reporting system shows that performance varies among hospitals and across indicators. Given this variation and small differences based on hospitals' characteristics, performance reporting will probably need to include numerous clinical conditions from a broad range of hospitals.
More travel advice and fewer vaccinations are needed
Authors: N Hoveyda
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The health risks associated with international travel range from minor symptoms to severe morbidity and death. In 2000, residents of the United Kingdom made 56.8 million visits abroad, 3.3 times the number made in 1980. Of all visits abroad, 72% were to countries in the European Union and 9% were to North America.



Beaches, bites, bugs, and boils

(Credit: SHANE PARTRIDGE/REX)



Hand in hand with an increase in travel we can expect a similar increase in travel related …
Intravenous adenosine diphosphate P2T platelet receptor antagonism as an adjunct to fibrinolysis for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Adam B. Greenbaum, E.M. Ohman, Michael S. Gibson, Steven L. Borzak, Michel LeMay, Mei Lu, Amanda L. Stebbins, Hakan Emanuelsson, W.D. Weavers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Runner: Energy and Endurance-Reply
Authors: E. C. Frederick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The authors<i>did not</i>cite all references. For example, chapter 6 cites only two references yet includes an unattributed graph (p 104) on blood doping's effects on hemoglobin concentration, most probably taken from Buick and Gledhill's<sup>1</sup>work. Chapter 6 also contains specific data on the cost of breathing, most likely from Nielsen<sup>2</sup>; precise estimates of maximal aerobic capacity for mountain climbers Habeler and Messner (unknown source), who conquered Mount Everest without bottled oxygen; and a detailed discussion of the role of vasoconstriction in exertional diarrhea, which the authors failed to attribute properly to Fogoros.<sup>3</sup>Since these facts are not from the authors' work and they are not found in any of the references cited, most readers will be misled as to the sources of these data. This problem crops up throughout the book. I am perfectly willing to concede that Ron Hill may have been the
ACUTE ABDOMINAL EMERGENCIES COMPLICATING PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: J. S. Fairbairn
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Tx-B fa(tor is-knownx andd.a method of removal discovered) or in pre.venting, coltaminiationi (a.practicable solution).I canniot conceive that engineer s famous for their conceptions of the most intricate self-acting motions ever adapted to any mechanical contrivance can be nonplussed by a spindle-bearing.Cleanliness must also be urged, and em- pleyers should arrange suitable washing facilities.What- ever is done, however, there must be a body of men already infected from whon a stream of fresh cases will be drawn, and: that these should receive prompt treatment is an-.axiomin dealing with epithelioma.The Home Office Committee, with a view to detection of cases, very properly recammends medical examination every four miionths for all spinners over 30 years of age.BiIuoaaauy.
Cellular and molecular interactions between MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and nanostructured titanium produced by high-pressure torsion
Authors: Shahab Faghihi, Fereshteh Azari, Alexander P. Zhilyaev, Jerzy A. Szpunar, Hojatollah Vali, Maryam Tabrizian
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Ice cream headache
Authors: J. Hulihan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

All sorts of things can cause headache. For migraineurs, attacks can be provoked by chocolate, cheese, cured meats, or non-food such as stress or changes in sleep habits. Headaches can herald serious neurological disease. Some people have a benign type of headache provoked by coughing or, rarely, by coitus. Many people feel that headaches are caused by eye strain or chronic sinus problems, although probably they are not.

The most common cause of head pain is ice cream, occurring in one third of a randomly selected population.1 It occurs regardless of whether someone suffers from other types of headache. Children know all about ice cream headache, although I have found that they know it best by the descriptive term “brain freeze.”

The pain begins a few seconds …
Short course antiretroviral regimens to reduce maternal transmission of HIV
Authors: D. Wilkinson, S. S A. Karim, H. M Coovadia
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The ACTG076 trial showed that a complex and expensive antiretroviral regimen reduced mother-to-child HIV transmission by 67%. A more recent Bangkok perinatal HIV study found that oral zidovudine (AZT) given during late pregnancy and labor to non-breast-feeding women reduced the rate of vertical HIV transmission by 51%. These latter findings are particularly interesting to countries unable to afford the more expensive and complex 076 regimen. The reaction to the results of the Bangkok trial may, however, threaten the health of Africa's poorest women and children. Within days of the release of the Thai data, investigators studying other regimens closed recruitment to the placebo arms of their trials, and it has recently become clear that the National Institutes for Health will probably fund no more placebo-controlled trials of interventions designed to reduce maternal HIV transmission. The use of antiretroviral drugs in Africa is unlikely to ever significantly reduce maternal HIV transmission and the incidence of pediatric AIDS. While most of Africa's women have no option to breast-feed, breast-feeding is responsible for one-third of maternal HIV transmission cases. The results of the Thai trials only partially address the needs of African women, for the nutritional, immunological, and birth spacing benefits of breast-feeding should be retained if possible, and formula feeding may stigmatize HIV-infected mothers. The short-course regimen is still expensive to developing countries, and the implementation of a costly, vertical program may also draw financial and human resources from other programs. Placebo-controlled trials to develop simple, cheap, and effective potentially non-drug interventions against vertical HIV transmission should be encouraged in settings in which antiretroviral drugs and formula feeding cannot be safely delivered.
For What We Do, and Fail To Do
Authors: Christopher Dodsworth, Tihamer Toth-Fejel, Zach Stangebye
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

In his provocative article, Toby Ord argues that what he calls “the Claim” – that embryos have full moral status from the moment of conception—leads to a disturbing “Conclusion”: … spontaneous abor...
Rabies: beware of the dog
Authors: S. Chatterjee, H. Riaz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India’s least populous state, Sikkim, has made great progress toward eliminating rabies. Can the rest of the country follow its lead and reduce the huge burden of this universally fatal disease? <b>Subhankar Chatterjee</b> and <b>Haris Riaz</b> report
Injection of antigen-specific regulatory Tr1 lymphocytes protects mice from severe collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: D. Martire, J. Quentin, A.-L. Mausset-Bonnefont, H. Asnagli, N. Belmonte, A. Foussat, C. Jorgensen, P. Louis-Plence
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Tr1 cells have been characterised as induced T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) inhibiting inflammation in various chronic inflammatory models. Based on these data, a phase I/II clinical trial is currently under investigation in Crohn9s disease (TxCell). However, the therapeutic potential of these cells has not yet been evaluated in rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, the authors investigated the therapeutic potential of bovine type II collagen (bCII) specific Tr1 cells, isolated from TBC mice, in the experimental model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). <h3>Methods</h3> Collagen type II specific Tr1 clones were obtained from T cell receptor transgenic mice and expanded in vitro. Selected clones showed in vitro antigen specificity, Tr1 cytokine profile (IL-10<sup>high</sup>/IL-4<sup>neg</sup>) and IL-10- and transforming growth factor β-dependent suppressive activity. Male DBA/one mice were immunised with bCII and 10×10<sup>6</sup>, 3×10<sup>6</sup>, 1×10<sup>6</sup>, 0.3×10<sup>6</sup> of Tr1 cells were injected (intravenously) 28 days postimmunisation. Hind paws swelling and clinical signs of arthritis were scored, as well as biological parameters such as the level of anti-bCII antibodies in the sera of treated mice and the cytokine profile of bCII specific T cells. <h3>Results</h3> One single injection of 3×10<sup>6</sup> or 1×10<sup>6</sup> of Tr1 cells at day 28, in ongoing arthritis, significantly inhibits the development of arthritic disease, shown by reduction of disease severity and incidence. In contrast the injection of 0.3×10<sup>6</sup> and 10 M of Tr1 cells did not improve the clinical signs of arthritis. The analysis of the bCII specific T cell responses following euthanasia of the mice injected with 3×10<sup>6</sup> and 1×10<sup>6</sup> of Tr1 cells revealed a decrease of anti-bCII specific antibodies in the sera, a decrease of proliferation of bCII specific T cells and a slight increase of IL-10 secreted by activated splenocytes. Importantly, these preliminary data indicate that a single injection of Tr1 cells at disease onset could reduce disease severity and incidence in experimental arthritis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Single dose 3×10<sup>6</sup>, 1×10<sup>6</sup> of Tr1 cell administration showed a reduction of disease incidence and severity in CIA demonstrating the therapeutic potential of Tr1 cells in arthritis and confirming the clinical potential of these induced Treg.
The Proper Province of Automatic Data Processing in Medicine
Authors: LEE B. LUSTED
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

Editorial1 November 1962The Proper Province of Automatic Data Processing in MedicineLEE B. LUSTED, M.D., F.A.C.R.LEE B. LUSTED, M.D., F.A.C.R.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-57-5-855 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhat is the proper province of automatic data processing in medicine? Is it in teaching, in research, or in medical care? Are there areas of medicine which automatic data processing should not invade? These questions clamor for attention, and discussion of them grows louder and more persistent. Some will say that the proper province of automation is to relegate more and more to technological devices the jobs of recording, scanning, sorting, reducing, storing, and retrieving data. But such advocates should note that here human intelligence will have to judge what to explore and record (1). Others will say that it...References1. WEISS P: Knowledge: a growth process. Science 131: 1716, 1960. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KELLYSELFRIDGE JLOG: Sophistication in computers: a disagreement. Proc. Inst. Radio Eng. 50: 1459, 1962. Google Scholar3. ROME HP: Symposium on automation techniques in personality assessment. Proc. Mayo Clin. 37: 61, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. CACERESSTEINBERGABRAHAMCARBERRYMCBRIDETOLLESRIKLI CCASWJJMWEAE: Computer extraction of electrocardiographic parameters. Circulation 25: 356, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CADYWOODBURYTECKGERTLER LDMALMM: A method for electrocardiogram wave pattern estimation. Circulation Res. 9: 1078, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. LUSTED LB: The use of electronic computers in medical diagnosis. Circulation Res. 11: October, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. MARTIN L: Transformation of variables in clinical—therapeutic research. Meth. Inform. Med. 1: 38, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LEE B. LUSTED, M.D., F.A.C.R.Affiliations: Oregon Regional Primate Research Center 505 NW 185th Avenue Beaverton, Oregon PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEarly Biomedical Computing and the Roots of Evidence-Based MedicineSocial considerations in medical education 1 November 1962Volume 57, Issue 5Page: 855-857KeywordsHealth services researchInformation storage and retrievalIntelligence ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Lipid Content of the Rat Ovary During Pseudopregnancy
Authors: Raymond H. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE BIOCHEMICAL changes which occur in the rat ovary have been studied in great detail, but the techniques used must be considered outmoded by present standards. These studies have suggested that pronounced changes occur in the lipid content of the rat ovary during the estrus cycle, during pseudopregnancy, and following stimulation with gonadotropic hormones.<sup>1-6</sup>The specific lipid classes found in the ovary and the changes that occur to them following stimulation with gonadotropic hormones have not been investigated. Our present study is an attempt to identify and measure the lipid classes in the rat ovary during induced juvenile pseudopregnancy. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Immature female rats of the Holtzman strain were used for the study. The rats were kept in cages and supplied with water and Purina laboratory chow ad libitum. Pseudopregnancy was produced in the rats by a slight modification of the technique described by Parlow.<sup>7</sup>Twenty-nine-day-old rats
The Safety of Eating Shellfish
Authors: James M. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1977)

DURING a recent visit to the Louisiana coast, two friends expressed a craving for raw oysters. We reacted by citing a litany of diseases they could acquire by eating this delicacy. We undoubtedly overreacted (they subsequently consumed the oysters), but they were unaware of diseases that can be acquired by ingesting contaminated shellfish or measures that can be taken to prevent these diseases. In this communication, shellfish include certain edible, filter-feeding bivalve mollusks (oysters, clams, mussels, cockles) and nonfilter-feeding crustaceans (shrimp, crab, lobsters). Bivalve mollusks thrive in brackish coastal waters and obtain food from the large volumes of seawater that they filter; concurrently, they may accumulate in their alimentary tract microorganisms that are pathogenic for man, particularly if the water they filter contains human sewage. Once contaminated, mollusks can rid themselves of bacteria and viruses only by filtering unpolluted water for a period that may vary from a few hours