tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A21: Tissue platinum concentration and tumor response in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Eric S. Kim, Guangan He, Chi-Wan Chow, Junya Fujimoto, Jack J. Lee, Neda Kalhor, Stephen G. Swisher, Ignacio I. Wistuba, David J. Stewart, Zahid H. Siddik
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Platinum resistance is a major limitation in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Reduced intracellular drug accumulation is one of the most consistently identified features of platinum-resistant cell lines, but clinical data are limited. We assessed effects of tissue platinum concentrations on tumor response, time to recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with early-stage NSCLC following neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: We measured total platinum concentrations in 44 archived fresh frozen NSCLC specimens from patients who received neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. Samples were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry to assess absorbance reading associated with platinum concentration. Four specimens from patients who underwent surgery only and one patient who received pemetrexed as neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed as negative controls. Absorbance value per mg of tissue was correlated with percent reduction in tumor size on post- vs prechemotherapy CT scans. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to evaluate differences in time to recurrence and survival between two groups divided by median platinum concentration. Results: Platinum absorbance values in 44 neoadjuvant specimens were easily detectable and ranged from 0.6 to 6.7 × 10−3 per mg of tissue while five negative controls demonstrated absorbance readings similar to 0.1N HCL. Platinum absorbance correlated significantly with percent reduction in tumor size (R2 = 0.48, P&amp;lt;0.00001). The same correlations were seen in cisplatin (P = 0.0003), carboplatin (P = 0.0013), adenocarcinoma (P = 0.0003) and squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.019) groups. Furthermore, there was no significant impact of potential variables such as the type of platinum compound, number of cycles, pre-treatment tumor diameter and time lapse from last chemotherapy on platinum concentration. Patients with lower Pt concentration also had shorter time to recurrence (P = 0.0494), progression free survival (P = 0.0366) and overall survival (P = 0.035). Conclusion: This is the first tissue-based study to establish a relationship between tissue platinum concentrations and response in NSCLC. Reduced intratumoral platinum accumulation may constitute a significant mechanism of platinum resistance even in clinical specimens. Further studies investigating factors that modulate intracellular platinum concentration are warranted (Supported by National Foundation of Cancer Research 90088436, Department of Defense W81XWH-07-1-0306, National Institute of Health CA127263, CA160687 and CA16672).
Blood flow-dependent uptake of indium-111 monoclonal antimyosin antibody in canine acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Freny Vaghaiwalla Mody, Denis B. Buxton, Luis I. Araujo, Michael E. Fishbein, Carl E. Selin, Heinrich R. Schelbert, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Glucagon-like peptide-1 production in the GLUTag cell line is impaired by free fatty acids via endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Hiroto Hayashi, Ren Yamada, Siddhartha Shankar Das, Taiki Sato, Aki Takahashi, Masahiro Hiratsuka, Noriyasu Hirasawa
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Nonfunctional adrenal lesions without loss of signal intensity on MRI: Whose problem is it? The patient's? The surgeon's?
Authors: Nihat Aksakal, Alper Şahbaz, Beyza Özçınar, Ali Özemir, Kasım Çağlayan, Orhan Ağcaoğlu, Umut Barbaros, Artür Salmaslioglu, Yeşim Erbil
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2012)
Selective Activation of the K <sup>+</sup> <sub>ATP</sub> Channel Is a Mechanism by Which Sudden Death Is Produced by Low-Energy Chest-Wall Impact (Commotio Cordis)
Authors: Mark S. Link, Paul J. Wang, Brian A. VanderBrink, Erick Avelar, Natesa G. Pandian, Barry J. Maron, N. A. Mark Estes
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Sudden death due to relatively innocent chest-wall impact has been described in young individuals (commotio cordis). In our previously reported swine model of commotio cordis, ventricular fibrillation (with T-wave strikes) and ST-segment elevation (with QRS strikes) were produced by 30-mph baseball impacts to the precordium. Because activation of the K(+)(ATP) channel has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ST elevation and ventricular fibrillation in myocardial ischemia, we hypothesized that this channel could be responsible for the electrophysiologic findings in our experimental model and in victims of commotio cordis.In the initial experiment, 6 juvenile swine were given 0.5 mg/kg IV glibenclamide, a selective inhibitor of the K(+)(ATP) channel, and chest impact was given on the QRS. The results of these strikes were compared with animals in which no glibenclamide was given. In the second phase, 20 swine were randomized to receive glibenclamide or a control vehicle (in a double-blind fashion), with chest impact delivered just before the T-wave peak. With QRS impacts, the maximal ST elevation was significantly less in those animals given glibenclamide (0.16+/-0.10 mV) than in controls (0.35+/-0.20 mV; P=0.004). With T-wave impacts, the animals that received glibenclamide had significantly fewer occurrences of ventricular fibrillation (1 episode in 27 impacts; 4%) than controls (6 episodes in 18 impacts; 33%; P=0.01).In this experimental model of commotio cordis, blockade of the K(+)(ATP) channel reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and the magnitude of ST-segment elevation. Therefore, selective K(+)(ATP) channel activation may be a pivotal mechanism in sudden death resulting from low-energy chest-wall trauma in young people during sporting activities.
Safety of Specific Oral Tolerance Induction (SOTI) with Partially Hydrolyzed Cereals in Correlation to Wheat-Protein IgE
Authors: Philippe A. Eigenmann, Roger Lauener, Andreas Jung, Sophie Pecquet, Sophie Nutten, Yvonne Vissers, Sigrid Sjolander, Jacqueline Wassenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Subclinical Hypothyroidism Is Associated With Reduced All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Alireza M. Manuchehri, Alan S. Rigby, Stephen L. Atkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with a greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease (1) and is relatively common in patients with type 2 diabetes (2). If subclinical hypothyroidism contributed to an increase in cardiovascular risk, then, intuitively, its effect would be exaggerated in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients were identified from a diabetes database at Hull Royal Infirmary from 1993–2005 for retrospective analysis. From the database, 6,540 consecutive patients enrolled through the end of 2000 were selected, and 472 patients with type 2 diabetes who had a raised thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) (on two occasions 6 months apart) and normal free T4 (fT4) were identified (subsequent case-note review reduced this number to 394 patients). They were compared with 472 consecutive age-matched …
Turning Autopsy Liabilities Into Assets
Authors: Hartmann H. R. Friederici
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The declining interest in autopsies is peculiarly out of step with the public's interest in knowing more about health and fighting disease. One of the reasons for the decline may be that the incentives are all wrong. For the pathologist, there is no glamour in doing autopsies nor does he get paid for doing them. He is expected to do them for the general good, as a public service, and to document that scholarship is his real motivation. For the clinician, the autopsy may produce embarrassment and perhaps a legal liability, assuming no apathy and disinterest. The gain in insight may not be enough to offset the negative incentive. For the hospital, the autopsy represents an expense it cannot recover, increasingly a luxury as hospital finances are becoming more difficult. In other words, the key players have little serious motivation to pursue the autopsy with vigor. This
Interleukin-1 and the Pathogenesis of the Acute-Phase Response
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Charles A. Dinarello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

MICROBIAL invasion, tissue injury, immunologic reactions, and inflammatory processes induce a constellation of host responses collectively referred to as the acute-phase response. The response is characterized by changes in metabolic, endocrinologic, neurologic, and immunologic functions. Most of these changes are observed within hours or days after the onset of infection or inflammation, although many acute-phase changes also indicate persistent disease. The full spectrum of the response includes dramatic increases in the synthesis of hepatic acute-phase proteins, which contribute to elevated erythrocyte-sedimentation rates. Leukocytosis is commonly seen with increased numbers of circulating immature neutrophils; serum iron and zinc levels are depressed, . . .
Abstract 1656: Id1, inhibitor of differentiation, is a key protein mediating anti-tumor responses of gamma-tocotrienol in breast cancer cells
Authors: Wei Ney Yap, Norazean Zaiden, Yee Ling Tan, Piek Ngoh Chang, Xue Wu Zhang, Y.C Wong, M.T Ling, Yee Leng Yap
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Gamma-tocotrienol has demonstrated anti-proliferative effect on breast cancer (BCa) cells, but mechanisms involved are largely unknown. This study aimed at deciphering the molecular pathways responsible for its activity. Methods: MTT cell proliferation, DNA fragmentation, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were performed to investigate gamma-tocotrienol induced cell cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest. Western blotting was used to characterize multiple signaling pathways associated with gamma-tocotrienol in BCa. Docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug that is able to provide significant survival advantage in metastatic BCa, was used in the chemosensitization studies. Results: Our results showed that treatment of BCa cells with gamma-tocotrienol resulted in induction of apoptosis as evidenced by activation of pro-caspases (cleaved caspase-3, −7, −8, −9 and cleaved PARP), accumulation of sub-G1 cells and DNA fragmentations. Examination of the pro-survival genes revealed that the gamma-tocotrienol-induced cell death was associated with suppression of Id1 and NF-κB through modulation of their upstream regulators (Src, Smad1/5/8, Fak and LOX). Meanwhile, gamma-tocotrienol treatment also resulted in the induction of JNK signaling pathway and inhibition of JNK activity by specific inhibitor partially blocked the effect of gamma-tocotrienol. Furthermore, synergistic effect was observed when cells were co-treated with gamma-tocotrienol and Docetaxel. Interestingly, in cells that treated with gamma-tocotrienol, alpha-tocopherol or ß-aminoproprionitrile were found to partially restore Id1 expression. Meanwhile, this restoration of Id1 was found to protect the cells from gamma-tocotrienol induced apoptosis. Consistent outcome was observed in cells ectopically transfected with the Id-1 gene. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the anti-proliferative and chemosensitization effect of gamma-tocotrienol on BCa cells may be mediated through downregulation of Id1 protein. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1656.
ABC of spinal cord injury. Social needs of the patient and his family.
Authors: E Bamford, D Grundy, J Russell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Where patients are living Living with relatives after discharge 79 Living independently after discharge 14 Living long term in residential care after 0 discharge Required interim residential care on discharge 9 Transferred to other hospital 9 Some patients appear in more than one category.Figures derived from new injury discharges from Duke of Cornwall Spinal Treatment Centre in 1984-5. Changed relationshipsThe aim of successful rehabilitation is to enable the patient to live as satisfactory and fulfilling a life as possible.This will mean different choices and decisions for each individual depending on the degree ofdisability, the family and social environment, and preferred lifestyle.The vast majority of patients want to live in their own homes and not in residential care, and even very severely disabled people can often successfully achieve this.Many will live as part ofa family, but, increasingly, disabled people are choosing to live independently with support from community services.This presents a considerable challenge to these services.For most people spinal cord injury demands changes in almost every aspect of life-personal relationships, the physical structure ofthe home, work and education, social and leisure pursuits, and financial management.Consequently exhaustive and careful planning by the spinal unit staff, and staffresponsible for community services, in conjunction with the patient and family, is essential.Because of the complexities and scale ofwhat is required, this planning should start as soon after injury as possible.Predischarge planning is only the start ofa lifelong, probably fluctuating, need for services.In providing these the social and emotional well being of the person and family must be considered along with physical health.Physical health supports and is supported by a satisfactory lifestyle.
Platelet derived growth factor messenger RNA is increased in bone marrow megakaryocytes in patients with myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Osamu Katoh, Akiro Kimura, Atsushi Kuramoto, Takuji Itoh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis, which often occurs in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). We examined the expression level of PDGF mRNA in bone marrow megakaryocytes from 13 MPD patients by in situ hybridization, using cDNA probes for both human PDGF A chain and B chain (c‐sis). The mRNA level for both chains in the patients was significantly higher than that in control patients, and was markedly higher for one patient with essential thrombocythemia and one with polycythemia vera. Transcripts for A chain and B chain were expressed with a positive correlation in the MPD patients. Using the marrow fibroblast proliferation assay, we found PDGF activity in purified megakaryocytes from one of the MPD patients with high mRNA level to be similar to that from one control patient. In addition, PDGF was previously shown to be decreased in circulating platelets from MPD patients. These results may suggest that, in some patients, PDGF is synthesized in megakaryocytes at a high rate, but some fraction is released into the bone marrow environment, if the level of PDGF mRNA is assumed to be linearly related to the protein synthesized. This might be one possible mechanism causing marrow fibrosis in MPD patients.
Dealing with loss of fertility
Authors: D. Singer, M. S Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Premature menopause—in women under 40—probably affects about 1-3% of women in Britain. A recent study associated it with higher than average levels of depression. Our qualitative study showed that for nearly all respondents (aged 23 to 40) loss of reproductive capacity was the single most distressing aspect of early menopause, regardless of parity. Often there was a sense of bereavement, as if a death had occurred. Fertility seemed linked to being or becoming whole and having value. “Robbed” of this fundamental power to create, several women feared that their new state would cause others to …
Glucose Tolerance Tests And the Dumping Syndrome
Authors: Leonard H. Flax
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  I have read with interest the comments of Hans N. Naumann, MD, concerning the hazards of a glucose tolerance test in a patient with the dumping syndrome ( 195 :700, 1966). To emphasize the clinical importance of Dr. Naumann's comments, I would like to present the exact clinical problems in a patient with a dumping syndrome undergoing a glucose tolerance test.  In early January 1966, a 38year-old Ukranian man who was employed in a local sugar refinery presented with postprandial sweating, flushes, and epigastric and precordial palpitations plus an intermittent, explosive type of diarrhea. These episodes would start 15 to 20 minutes after meals and would last up to an hour or slightly more. Most of these postprandial, supposedly vasomotor, complaints would subside. A sense of persistent dizziness did not. In March 1959 he had undergone an isoperistaltic anticolic Hofmeister Finster gastrectomy. This procedure had been carried out
Effects of Treatment on Fertility in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood or Adolescent Cancer
Authors: Byrne J, Mulvihill Jj, Myers Mh, Connelly Rr, Naughton, Krauss Mr, Steinhorn Sc, Hassinger Dd, Austin Df, Bragg K
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

In a retrospective cohort study of survivors of cancer and of controls, we estimated the risk of infertility after treatment for cancer during childhood or adolescence. We interviewed 2283 long-term survivors of childhood or adolescent cancer diagnosed in the period from 1945 through 1975, who were identified at five cancer centers in the United States. Requirements for admission to the study were diagnosis before the age of 20, survival for at least five years, and attainment of the age of 21. In addition, 3270 controls selected from among the survivors' siblings were interviewed. Cox regression analysis showed that cancer survivors who married and were presumed to be at risk of pregnancy were less likely than their sibling controls to have ever begun a pregnancy (relative fertility, 0.85; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.92). Radiation therapy directed below the diaphragm depressed fertility in both sexes by about 25 percent. Chemotherapy with alkylating agents, with or without radiation to sites below the diaphragm, was associated with a fertility deficit of about 60 percent in the men. Among the women, there was no apparent effect of alkylating-agent therapy administered alone (relative fertility, 1.02) and only a moderate fertility deficit when alkylating-agent therapy was combined with radiation below the diaphragm (relative fertility, 0.81). Relative fertility in the survivors varied considerably according to sex, site of cancer, and type of treatment; these factors should be taken into consideration in counseling survivors about the long-term consequences of disease.
The 1985 Conference on Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care
Authors: W. H. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The 1985 National Conference to review and revise the Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) was held in Dallas in July 1985. Previous national conferences were held in 1966, 1973, and 1979. The objectives of the conference are defined elsewhere in these standards and guidelines. The emphasis of the conference was to examine the 1980 standards and guidelines with respect to the new science and/or clinical data and make recommendations based on these data. These standards and guidelines, which some have called the most important medical document ever published because of their content, distribution, and widespread acceptance, embody the recommendations of the 1985 national conference. Reprints of the 1974 and 1980<i>JAMA</i>standards exceeded 5 million copies, and virtually all public and professional training in CPR and ECC has been guided by the outcome of these conferences and the subsequent publication of the standards
Transpapillary Miniscopy and Mini-Biopsy of the Pancreatic Duct
Authors: E. C. Foerster, P. Stömmer, M. U. Schneider, W. Matek, G. Gerner, W. Domschke
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

This paper reports on the new combined examination of peroral transpapillary fine-caliber endoscopy (miniscope 0.5 mm in diameter) with mini-biopsy of the pancreatic duct in 10 patients and 19 surgical pancreas resection preparations. With this technique, endoscopic-retrograde inspection of the whole length of the pancreatic duct is possible without the need for papillotomy. In the case of pancreatic duct changes due to carcinoma of the pancreas, and chronic pancreatitis, the ductal lesions can be inspected. Furthermore, with the aid of a new mini-biopsy forceps (1.5 mm in diameter), material for histological evaluation can be much more efficiently obtained than was normally possible with conventional biopsy forceps (2.2 mm). This new endoscopic-bioptic technique promises to improve the diagnostic reliability in pancreatic duct lesions requiring clarification.
Genotypephenotype correlations in cystic fibrosis: clinical severity of mutation S549R(T→G)
Authors: P.M. Frossard, J. Hertecant, Y. Bossaert, K.P. Dawson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

With a view to assessing genotype-to-phenotype correlations in cystic fibrosis (CF), the clinical presentation of CF children from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) who were homozygous for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation S549R(T-->G was investigated. This mutation is localized in intron 11 (nucleotide binding domain 1 of the CFTR protein) and had so far been described as a private mutation only. The associations between the R549/R549 genotype and 20 outcome variables, including age at diagnosis, sweat chloride concentrations, growth percentiles, meconium ileus, pancreatic sufficiency, pulmonary disease, associated complications and micro-organism colonization were examined in a group of 15 CF children (9 females and 6 males). Mean current age and age at diagnosis were both low (5.4+/-3.5 and 1.0+/-1.1 yrs, respectively). Although none of the 15 CF patients had presented with meconium ileus at birth, all were pancreatic insufficient and had very severe lung disease, with a high rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Two patients died during the course of this investigation (one was 5 months and the other, 6 yrs old). The clinical presentation associated with S549R(T-->G) homozygosity in the United Arab Emirates is quite homogeneous and shows an extreme degree and course of cystic fibrosis severity.
Medication Reconciliation During Transitions of Care as a Patient Safety Strategy
Authors: Janice L. Kwan*, Lisha Lo*, Margaret Sampson, Kaveh G. Shojania
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Medication reconciliation identifies and resolves unintentional discrepancies between patients' medication lists across transitions in care. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence about the effectiveness of hospital-based medication reconciliation interventions. Searches encompassed MEDLINE through November 2012 and EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through July 2012. Eligible studies evaluated the effects of hospital-based medication reconciliation on unintentional discrepancies with nontrivial risks for harm to patients or 30-day postdischarge emergency department visits and readmission. Two reviewers evaluated study eligibility, abstracted data, and assessed study quality. Eighteen studies evaluating 20 interventions met the selection criteria. Pharmacists performed medication reconciliation in 17 of the 20 interventions. Most unintentional discrepancies identified had no clinical significance. Medication reconciliation alone probably does not reduce postdischarge hospital utilization but may do so when bundled with interventions aimed at improving care transitions.