tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Atrial Septal Aneurysms in Patients With Cerebral Ischemic Events
Authors: Yoram Agmon, Bijoy K. Khandheria, Irene Meissner, Federico Gentile, Jack P. Whisnant, JoRean D. Sicks, W. Michael O’Fallon, Jody L. Covalt, David O. Wiebers, James B. Seward
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a putative risk factor for cardioembolism. However, the frequency of ASA in the general population has not been adequately determined. Therefore, the frequency in patients with cerebral ischemic events, compared with the frequency in the general population, is poorly defined. We sought to determine the frequency of ASA in the general population and to compare the frequency of ASA in patients with cerebral ischemic events with the frequency in the general population. Methods and Results —The frequency of ASA in the population was determined in 363 subjects, a sample of the participants in the Stroke Prevention: Assessment of Risk in a Community study (control subjects), and was compared with the frequency in 355 age- and sex-matched patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography in search of a cardiac source of embolism after a focal cerebral ischemic event. The proportion with ASA was 7.9% in patients versus 2.2% in control subjects ( P =0.002; odds ratio of ASA, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.64 to 8.13, in patients versus control subjects). Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was detected with contrast injections in 56% of subjects with ASA. The presence of ASA predicted the presence of PFO (odds ratio of PFO, 4.57; 95% CI, 2.18 to 9.57, in subjects with versus those without ASA). In 86% of subjects with ASA and cerebral ischemia, transesophageal echocardiography did not detect an alternative source of cardioembolism other than an associated PFO. Conclusions —The prevalence of ASA based on this population-based study is 2.2%. The frequency of ASA is relatively higher in patients evaluated with transesophageal echocardiography after a cerebral ischemic event. ASA is frequently associated with PFO, suggesting paradoxical embolism as a mechanism of cardioembolism. In patients with cerebral ischemia and ASA, ASA (with or without PFO) commonly is the only potential cardioembolic source detected with transesophageal echocardiography.
Letter: Hypertension and myocardial infarction.
Authors: Y K Seedat
Journal: BMJ (1974)

syvmpathetic afferent fibres or Bi receptor sites in the lung which are known to stimulate ADH secretion.3The involvement of the vagus nerve by a bronchogenic carcinoma and associated inappropriate ADH secretion is described by Bower et al.6However, they were also able to substantiate the antidiuretic activity of the tumour and postulated this and the possibility of dis- tortion of vagal afferent impulses as a cause of inappropriate ADH secretion in their patient.The stress of the acute disease may also play a part, though the ADH response to stress has not been shown to be sus- stained.3-Iam, etc.,
Malnutrition: the hidden killer in healthcare systems
Authors: M. Muscaritoli, A. Molfino
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Leach highlights that access to appropriate nutrition and hydration is still largely unmet in healthcare facilities in the UK.1 This is amazing, not only for ethical reasons, but also because of the dramatic effect of malnutrition and dehydration on outcomes and healthcare costs.1

The results of Krumholz’s study on the post-hospital syndrome pointed in the …
The Effect of Intensive Glucose Lowering on Lipoprotein Particle Profiles and Inflammatory Markers in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)
Authors: Juraj Koska, Aramesh Saremi, Gideon Bahn, Shizuya Yamashita, Peter D. Reaven
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Intensive glucose-lowering therapy (INT) did not reduce macrovascular events in the recent randomized trials, possibly because it did not improve or worsen other traditional or novel cardiovascular risk factors.Standard plasma lipids, cholesterol content of lipoprotein subfractions, and plasma inflammatory and prothrombotic markers were determined in a subgroup of the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) participants (n = 266) at baseline and after 9 months of INT or standard therapy.INT lowered glycated hemoglobin (by a median of 2% vs. a median of 0.7% by standard treatment; P < 0.0001); increased BMI (4 vs. 1%; P < 0.001), total HDL (9 vs. 4%; P < 0.05), HDL2 (14 vs. 0%; P = 0.009), LDL2 (36 vs. 1%; P < 0.0001), and plasma adiponectin (130 vs. 80%; P < 0.01); and reduced triglycerides (-13 vs. -4%; P = 0.02) and small, dense LDL4 (-39 vs. -13%; P < 0.001), but had no effect on levels of plasma apolipoproteins B-100 and B-48, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, myeloperoxidase, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Incident macrovascular events were associated with baseline interleukin-6 (hazard ratio per each quartile increase 1.33 [95% CI 1.06-1.66]), total LDL (1.25 [1.01-1.55]), apolipoprotein B-100 (1.29 [1.01-1.65]), and fibrinogen (1.26 [1.01-1.57]) but not changes in any cardiovascular risk factors at 9 months.INT was associated with improved adiponectin, lipid levels, and a favorable shift in LDL and HDL subfractions after 9 months. These data suggest that the failure of INT to lower cardiovascular outcomes occurred despite generally favorable changes in standard and novel risk factors early in the study.
Effect of sialoadenectomy and epidermal growth factor administration on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Authors: L Lambotte, A Saliez, S Triest, D Maiter, A Baranski, A Barker, B Li
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a mitogen in vitro for hepatocytes, produces in various cell lines changes similar to those observed very rapidly in hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy (PH). These changes include ion movements, membrane hyperpolarization and proto-oncogene expression. A stimulatory effect of EGF on liver regeneration can therefore tentatively be associated with the events occurring within the first 3 hours after a PH, sometimes referred to as the "priming phase." To assess this hypothesis, we examined in Wistar rats the effect of EGF deprivation produced by sialoadenectomy (SX) performed before or after a PH of 70%. SX at the time of PH significantly decreased the 3H-thymidine uptake in the DNA 24 hours later (147 +/- 14 DPM per microgram of DNA, mean +/- SE) compared with a simple PH (322 +/- 16; P < .01), but also compared with results obtained when PH is combined with a sham sialoadenectomy (SSX) or in rats pair-fed with the sialoadenectomized rats. This incomplete inhibition was confirmed by a decreased rise in thymidine kinase (TK) activity and by reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling and mitotic indices 30 hours after PH. By contrast, SX did not inhibit the early expression of c-jun and c-fos, or of c-myc, 30 or 120 minutes after PH, respectively. A reduction of DNA synthesis was also obtained when SX was performed 3 hours after PH (127 +/- 15 DPM per microgram of DNA vs. 350 +/- 21 in SSX; P < .001) but not when SX was delayed until the 6th or the 17th hour after PH. It was sufficient to administer EGF (40 microg) from the third to the ninth hour to correct the reduction of [3H]thymidine uptake in rats sialoadenectomized before PH. These results indicate that the diminished EGF availability following SX decreases or at least delays liver regeneration, and that the effect of EGF on liver regeneration does not seem related to the early changes of proto-oncogene expression, but rather to events occuring later, at the time of reported internalization and binding of EGF to its nuclear receptors.
Smoking Reduces the Efficacy of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy in Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Michael Rink, Evanguelos Xylinas, Marko Babjuk, Armin Pycha, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Giacomo Novara, Roland Dahlem, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2012)
ULCER OF THE BLADDER.
Authors: LOUIS E. SCHMIDT
Journal: JAMA (1902)

passed varied from 35 to 49 ounces.It was then dis- continued because the dropsy had been removed.After three weeks it was again resorted to with the same sat- isfactory results.In my opinion the services of trained female nurses are indispensable to secure the very best results.They should be under strict discipline, and the tour of duty with patients who are seriously ill should be eight hours in twenty-four.The physician should not treat his patients by proxy, but should assure himself that his line of treatment is being faithfully carried out.All meddlesome medica- tion should be prohibited.It is well to bear in mind the possibility of the occur- rence of complications through secondary infection by the streptococcus, staphylococcus, colon bacillus or bacilli of the hog cholera group, known also under the name of B. icteroides, B. enteritidis, paracolon, paratyphoid, etc.44 The chances for the occurrence of such infection will probably be greatly diminished by the early insti- tution of such treatment as will best maintain the in- tegrity of the intestinal mucosa and conserve the pa- tient's strength.
Congenital Pleuro-pericardial Cysts
Authors: Ph. De Roover, J. Maisin, A. Lacquet
Journal: Thorax (1963)

Most mediastinal cysts are congenital, and his- tologically their congenital origin can be traced in many cases, e.g., dermoid cysts, thymus cysts, pulmonary cysts.Due to mass examinations they are found in a larger proportion of patients now- adays, but often they are related to only a very vague clinical picture, if any.Diagnosis is not always easy, though most important with regard to subsequent therapy.Pleuro-pericardial cysts occupy a particular place among these congenital diseases.They are found in the literature under various names: le kyste pleuro- pericardique (Jeaubert de Beaujeu, 1945;Roche, 1954), pleural cyst, pericardial cyst, pericardial coelomic cyst (Lambert, 1940), springwater cyst (Greenfield, Steinberg, and Touroff, 1943), meso- thelial cyst (Churchill and Mallory, 1937), and thin-walled cyst.The patients treated in our department were not found on mass examination.CASE REPORTS CASE 1 B. L., '6 years old, had influenza in February 1957, and found that he had become asthmatic.On examination in the department of internal medicine
FORENSIC APPLICATION OF SEROLOGIC INDIVIDUALITY TESTS
Authors: KARL LANDSTEINER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Serologic methods were applied in forensic medicine shortly after the discovery of immunologic species characteristics. The specific precipitin reaction made it possible to differentiate human from animal blood even in minute stains, a task beyond the reach of ordinary chemical methods. To go still further and attempt to distinguish bloods of various human individuals from one another seemed almost hopeless at that time. In part this problem was solved by the observation that there exist several types of human blood which can be identified by a very simple reaction, normal human serums being used as reagents. I presume that the properties of the human blood groups are known well enough to make a repetition unnecessary. Because of the regularity of the blood group scheme it was obvious from the outset that the underlying blood properties are constitutional and, following the rediscovery of Mendel's laws by de Vries, Correns and Tschermak,
Cardiac involvement in rheumatoid arthritis--an echocardiograph study.
Authors: P A Bacon, D G Gibson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

<b>Objective</b> To test the hypothesis that communicating risk of developing Crohn’s disease based on genotype and that stopping smoking can reduce this risk, motivates behaviour change among smokers at familial risk. <b>Design</b> Parallel group, cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Families with Crohn’s disease in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 497 smokers (mean age 42.6 (SD 14.4) years) who were first degree relatives of probands with Crohn’s disease, with outcomes assessed on 209/251 (based on DNA analysis) and 217/246 (standard risk assessment). <b>Intervention</b> Communication of risk assessment for Crohn’s disease by postal booklet based on family history of the disease and smoking status alone, or with additional DNA analysis for the NOD2 genotype. Participants were then telephoned by a National Health Service Stop Smoking counsellor to review the booklet and deliver brief standard smoking cessation intervention. Calls were tape recorded and a random subsample selected to assess fidelity to the clinical protocol. <b>Main outcome measure</b> The primary outcome was smoking cessation for 24 hours or longer, assessed at six months. <b>Results</b> The proportion of participants stopping smoking for 24 hours or longer did not differ between arms: 35% (73/209) in the DNA arm versus 36% (78/217) in the non-DNA arm (difference −1%, 95% confidence interval −10% to 8%, P<i>=</i>0.83). The proportion making a quit attempt within the DNA arm did not differ between those who were told they had mutations putting them at increased risk (36%), those told they had none (35%), and those in the non-DNA arm (36%). <b>Conclusion</b> Among relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease, feedback of DNA based risk assessments does not motivate behaviour change to reduce risk any more or less than standard risk assessment. These findings accord with those across a range of populations and behaviours. They do not support the promulgation of commercial DNA based tests nor the search for gene variants that confer increased risk of common complex diseases on the basis that they effectively motivate health related behaviour change. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN21633644.
Radioelectrocardiography during Exercise in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: SAMUEL BELLET, MARCEL ELIAKIM, STAVROS DELIYIANNIS, DONALD LAVAN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The electrocardiographic changes during exercise were examined by means of the radio-electrocardiograph and compared with the changes in the postexercise period in 70 patients with coronary artery disease. This method permitted the recording of one-lead tracings during exercise with a stable baseline and minimal interference. In addition, it has the advantage of permitting free exercise because of the absence of wire connections between the patient and the recording machine. Tracings may be taken on patients performing exercise at a distance of up to several hundred feet from the electrocardiograph. The criteria for abnormality based on double Master two-step tests in 127 normal individuals below the age of 40 years were appearance or increase in ischemic S-T-segment depression of 1 mm. or more, appearance or increase of S-T-segment elevation of 1 mm. or more, inversion of a positive or reversion of a negative T wave, frank inversion of the U wave, widening or narrowing (of a previously widened) QRS complex, and appearance of multiple premature beats. Thirty-seven of the 70 patients (53 per cent) showed electrocardiographic abnormalities during the period of exercise (single Master two-step test), while only 24 (34 per cent) had similar changes in the postexercise period. Twenty-three of the 70 patients had normal resting electrocardiograms. Of these, 11 (48 per cent) had abnormal alterations during, and six (26 per cent) after exercise. Forty-seven of the 70 patients had abnormal resting electrocardiograms. Twenty-six of these (55 per cent) had abnormal changes during exercise and 18 (38 per cent) after exercise. The advantage of recording the electrocardiogram during exercise is shown by the fact that in 17 of the 37 patients with abnormal responses, the changes were limited to the actual period of exercise and the immediate postexercise period, and would probably be missed were the postexercise tracing taken alone. Possible improvements in technic aimed at increasing the incidence of positive responses are discussed. It is suggested that the recording of the electrocardiogram both during and after exercise should replace the presently used technic in the Master two-step test.
Osteopontin Shapes Immunosuppression in the Metastatic Niche
Authors: Sabina Sangaletti, Claudio Tripodo, Sara Sandri, Ilaria Torselli, Caterina Vitali, Chiara Ratti, Laura Botti, Alessia Burocchi, Rossana Porcasi, Andrea Tomirotti, Mario P. Colombo, Claudia Chiodoni
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN, Spp-1) is widely associated with cancer aggressiveness when produced by tumor cells, but its impact is uncertain when produced by leukocytes in the context of the tumor stroma. In a broad study using Spp1(-/-) mice along with gene silencing in tumor cells, we obtained evidence of distinct and common activities of OPN when produced by tumor or host cells in a spontaneously metastatic model of breast cancer. Different cellular localization of OPN is associated with its distinct activities, being mainly secreted in tumor cells while intracellular in myeloid cells. OPN produced by tumor cells supported their survival in the blood stream, whereas both tumor- and host-derived OPN, particularly from myeloid cells, rendered the metastatic site more immunosuppressive. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) expanded with tumor progression at both primary and lung metastatic sites. Of the expanded monocytic and granulocytic cell populations of MDSCs, the monocytic subset was the predominant source of OPN. In Spp1(-/-) mice, the inhibition of lung metastases correlated with the expansion of granulocyte-oriented MDSCs. Notably, monocytic MDSCs in Spp1(-/-) mice were less suppressive than their wild-type counterparts due to lower expression of arginase-1, IL6, and phospho-Stat3. Moreover, fewer regulatory T cells accumulated at the metastatic site in Spp1(-/-) mice. Our data find correlation with lung metastases of human mammary carcinomas that are associated with myeloid cells expressing OPN. Overall, our results unveiled novel functions for OPN in shaping local immunosuppression in the lung metastatic niche.
Addiction to Distalgesic (dextropropoxyphene).
Authors: R Wall, S M Linford, M I Akhter
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Addiction to Distalgesic (dextropropoxyphene)Distalgesic is a proprietary preparation containing dextropropoxyphene 32-5 mg and paracetamol 325 mg per tablet.It is widely prescribed for mild to moderately severe pain.Both components are effective analgesics by mouth.Dextropropoxyphene was introduced in 1957 as a substitute for codeine.Five other proprietary preparations containing dextropropoxyphene are now available in the United Kingdom.Dextropropoxyphene is similar in structure to methadone.It is a centrally acting drug without antipyretic or anti-inflammatory on 17 July
Journal withdraws article after complaints from drug manufacturers
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A paper suggesting that two new antidiabetes drugs could greatly increase the risk of pancreatitis and several cancers has been withdrawn from the website of the journal Gastroenterology after complaints from Novo Nordisk and Merck, the drugs’ manufacturers.

The companies wrote letters to Anil Rustgi, the journal’s editor in chief, after the paper appeared online. They expressed concern that the analysis, which used data derived from the US Food and Drug Administration’s adverse event reporting system, reached conclusions that could not be justified. Merck warned that the paper could have a negative effect on the care of patients, while Novo Nordisk claimed that it could spark an unnecessary health scare. 

One of the authors of the paper, Peter Butler, of the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), said that the drug companies wanted the paper deleted. Gastroenterology ’s website initially recorded the paper as “retracted,” which might imply that the authors themselves had chosen to remove it. This was not the case, Dr Butler said: the decision …
Traces of Agent Orange are found in food in Vietnam
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Dioxin from Agent Orange, sprayed by the US military during the Vietnam war, is still poisoning Vietnamese people today, 30-40 years after spraying ended, says Dr Arnold Schecter of the University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas.

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Hanoi market trader: duck is considered a delicacy

Credit: MARK HENLEY/PANOS

He, along with an international research team, collected samples of animals used for food from Bien Hoa City, 35 kilometres north of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon). Results of their study are reported in the August issue …

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Role of interleukin 15 in colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in mice
Authors: K Yoshihara
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Interleukin (IL)-15 is a member of the IL-2 family, stimulating dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NK T cells and memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. IL-15 levels were elevated in the intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel diseases. Here we investigated the involvement of IL-15 in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis. <b>Methods:</b> IL-15 knockout (KO) mice and control C57BL/6 mice were used to induce colitis with DSS in their drinking water. Survival rate, clinical activity of diseases, extent of tissue damage, leucocyte population, and cytokine production of lamina propria (LP) cells of the large intestines were assessed. <b>Results:</b> IL-15 KO mice exhibited resistance to DSS induced acute colitis, as reflected by lower lethality, weight loss, clinical scores, and histological scores compared with those in control mice (p&lt;0.05). The proportions of CD44<sup>high</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and NK cells in LP cells and levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-12p40 in culture supernatants of LP cells were reduced in IL-15 KO mice (p&lt;0.05). In vivo depletion of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and NK cells decreased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12p40 in culture supernatants of LP cells in C57BL/6 mice (p&lt;0.01). In chronic colitis, weight loss and clinical scores were improved and levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12p40 in culture supernatants of LP cells were also reduced in IL-15 KO mice (p&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> IL-15 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic colitis induced by DSS in mice.
Diabetic ketoacidosis caused by exposure of insulin pump to heat and sunlight
Authors: R Pryce
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Patients with diabetes need to know how to store insulin 

Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is increasing worldwide.1 This method of insulin delivery was thought to have advantages in children, including better control of blood glucose, HbA1c, and hypoglycaemic episodes, compared with multiple daily injections.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A recent meta-analysis, however, showed that the benefits might not be as great as was previously hoped, particularly in younger children.9 In the UK, guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommend continuous subcutaneous infusion when multiple dose therapy has failed in patients with HbA1c concentrations greater than 7.5%.10

A disadvantage of using a pump is that ketoacidosis can occur quickly if a problem with insulin delivery occurs, because no background of long acting insulin is available. We describe a case of diabetic ketoacidosis caused by insulin degrading in the reservoir of a pump in sunlight and heat.

An 11 year old girl with type 1 diabetes presented to the emergency department with vomiting and abdominal pains. She had a blood glucose concentration of 20.6 mmol/l, ketonuria (+++), and acidosis (pH 7.14). She had had diabetes since age 7 years and had been using an insulin pump for 11 months. Control of her condition had been reasonable …