tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vivo tests of thyroid function.
Authors: C W Havard, M Boss
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> To assess the pediatric anterior segment characteristics in ocular pathology, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). <h3>Methods</h3> Our case series follows 115 eyes of 78 children aged 2–17 years of age with anterior segment pathology in an academic facility. A thorough eye examination and investigations were performed for each child. The anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) analysis was done using the Optopol Revo 80<sup>®</sup> high resolution SD-OCT (840 nm, axial resolution of 5 µm) using an imaging adapter. All pathological features visible on imaging were observed, studied, tabulated, and analyzed. <h3>Results</h3> 115 eyes of 78 children with anterior segment pathology were imaged. The average age was 11.84 years, with 44 males and 34 females. The primary clinical diagnosis was <i>cataract</i> (congenital and acquired) in 40 (34.8%) eyes, followed by <i>corneal disease</i> (congenital, inflammatory, and traumatic) in 28 (24.3%) eyes, <i>glaucoma</i> (juvenile and secondary) in 18 (15.7%) and <i>trauma</i> in 15 (13%) eyes. Systemic diseases were associated in 20.9%. The commonest imaging pathology observed was <i>lens opacification</i> (any morphology/location) in 43 (37.4%), <i>increased reflectivity of the cornea</i> in 31 (28.2<i>%), corneal stromal thinning</i> in 34 (29.6%), increased corneal thickness in 28 (24.3%), <i>shallow anterior chamber</i> in 17 (14.8%), and <i>cells in anterior chamber</i> in18 (15.7%) eyes, along with a multitude of other findings. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study demonstrates that anterior segment optical coherence tomography is a useful non-contact technique used without sedation for the detailed anatomic and pathologic assessment, imaging, diagnosis, and monitoring of pediatric ocular diseases.
Value of β-d-glucan and Candida albicans germ tube antibody for discriminating between Candida colonization and invasive candidiasis in patients with severe abdominal conditions
Authors: Cristóbal León, Sergio Ruiz-Santana, Pedro Saavedra, Carmen Castro, Alejandro Úbeda, Ana Loza, Estrella Martín-Mazuelos, Armando Blanco, Vicente Jerez, Josep Ballús, Luis Álvarez-Rocha, Aránzazu Utande-Vázquez, Osvaldo Fariñas
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
The construction of three-dimensional micro-fluidic scaffolds of biodegradable polymers by solvent vapor based bonding of micro-molded layers
Authors: WonHyoung Ryu, Sung Woo Min, Kyle E. Hammerick, Murty Vyakarnam, Ralph S. Greco, Fritz B. Prinz, Rainer J. Fasching
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Frequency of Early-Morning Rise in Blood Glucose in Children With Diabetes at Camp
Authors: Bruce B Duncan, Maria Ines Schmidt, George J Ellis, Clarence E Davis, Gerardo Heiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

To estimate the frequency of an early-morning glucose rise (EMR) in relatively unselected children with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we assessed capillary blood glucose (CBG) at midsleep (0200-0430) and prebreakfast (0700-0800) in 97 children with diabetes at camp. The EMR (prebreakfast CBG-midsleep CGB) was inversely related to the midsleep CBG level (r = −.45, P &amp;lt;.001). Of the 49 children with midsleep CBG &amp;lt;200 mg/dl, the mean EMR was 34 ± 60 mg/dl, and 18 of these children had rises of &amp;gt;40 mg/dl. In conclusion, when midsleep glycemia is &amp;lt;200 mg/dl, a rise in blood glucose from midsleep to prebreakfast, often &amp;gt;40 mg/dl, is a common element of glycemic control among children with IDDM. The relative importance of the Somogyi phenomenon, the dawn phenomenon, and mere insulin insufficiency in the early-morning hours cannot be determined from these data.
INACTIVATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN VITRO BY CRYSTALLINE VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)
Authors: Claus W. Jungeblut
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The experimental evidence presented in this paper shows that multiple paralytic doses of poliomyelitis virus, when mixed with very small amounts of crystalline vitamin C (ascorbic acid), are rendered non-infectious as determined by intracerebral injection of such mixtures into rhesus monkeys.
Phase 1/2 study of fractionated 131I-rituximab in low-grade B-cell lymphoma: the effect of prior rituximab dosing and tumor burden on subsequent radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Tim M. Illidge, Mike Bayne, Nicholas S. Brown, Samantha Chilton, Mark S. Cragg, Martin J. Glennie, Yong Du, Valerie Lewington, James Smart, James Thom, Maureen Zivanovic, Peter W. M. Johnson
Journal: Blood (2008)
Off-the-shelf human decellularized tissue-engineered heart valves in a non-human primate model
Authors: Benedikt Weber, Petra E. Dijkman, Jacques Scherman, Bart Sanders, Maximilian Y. Emmert, Jürg Grünenfelder, Renier Verbeek, Mona Bracher, Melanie Black, Thomas Franz, Jeroen Kortsmit, Peter Modregger, Silvia Peter, Marco Stampanoni, Jérôme Robert, Debora Kehl, Marina van Doeselaar, Martin Schweiger, Chad E. Brokopp, Thomas Wälchli, Volkmar Falk, Peter Zilla, Anita Driessen-Mol, Frank P.T. Baaijens, Simon P. Hoerstrup
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Introduction and summary: workshop on children's health and indoor mold exposure.
Authors: R Rylander, R Etzel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

To evaluate the health consequences for children of indoor exposure to molds, an international workshop was organized with 15 scientists from eight countries. The participants agreed that exposure to molds may constitute a health threat to children resulting in respiratory symptoms in both the upper and lower airways, an increased incidence of infections, and skin symptoms. Allergy, either to molds or to other indoor agents, also presents a health risk. At very high exposure levels to specific molds, nose bleeding, hemoptysis, and pulmonary hemorrhage have been documented. Pediatricians and allergists need to obtain information about mold and dampness in the home environment when examining children with chronic respiratory symptoms, recurrent infections, or persistent fatigue and headache. Measurement techniques are available to determine exposure. Most important, the source of dampness must be eliminated and the indoor environment must be thoroughly cleaned of molds.
Primary care based randomised, double blind trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for acute otitis media in children aged under 2 years
Authors: R. A M J Damoiseaux
Journal: BMJ (2000)

To determine the effect of antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media in children between 6 months and 2 years of age.Practice based, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.53 general practices in the Netherlands.240 children aged 6 months to 2 years with the diagnosis of acute otitis media.Amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day in three doses.Persistent symptoms at day four and duration of fever and pain or crying, or both. Otoscopy at days four and 11, tympanometry at six weeks, and use of analgesic.Persistent symptoms at day four were less common in the amoxicillin group (risk difference 13%; 95% confidence interval 1% to 25%). The median duration of fever was two days in the amoxicillin group versus three in the placebo group (P=0.004). No significant difference was observed in duration of pain or crying, but analgesic consumption was higher in the placebo group during the first 10 days (4.1 v 2.3 doses, P=0.004). In addition, no otoscopic differences were observed at days four and 11, and tympanometric findings at six weeks were similar in both groups.Seven to eight children aged 6 to 24 months with acute otitis media needed to be treated with antibiotics to improve symptomatic outcome at day four in one child. This modest effect does not justify prescription of antibiotics at the first visit, provided close surveillance can be guaranteed.
Zinc Supplementation and Anemia
Authors: Donald A. Frambach
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the recent article entitled "Excessive Zinc Ingestion: A Reversible Cause of Sideroblastic Anemia and Bone Marrow Depression."<sup>1</sup>We would like to call attention to another recently published case report of a young man who developed profound anemia with a hematocrit of 0.10 due to excessive zinc ingestion.<sup>2</sup>It has been reported that anemias (with copper deficiencies) have been induced with as little as 150 mg of zinc supplementation per day.<sup>3</sup> Large numbers of elderly patients may be at risk for developing severe anemia from excessive zinc ingestion. A recent study suggested that 100 mg of zinc supplementation per day may retard progression of age-related macular degeneration (the leading cause of new blindness among elderly Americans).<sup>4</sup>This study was widely reported on by the lay press, and many elderly Americans are now taking zinc supplements. In addition, zinc supplements have
Oestrus and gastric secretion in the dog
Authors: J. H. Landor, R. A. Wild
Journal: Gut (1970)

Marked decreases in 24-hour Heidenhain pouch secretion, lasting from nine to 18 days, were observed in five mongrel bitches during periods of naturally occurring oestrus. Neither oophorectomy nor control celiotomy caused significant change in Heidenhain pouch secretion in bitches who were not experiencing oestrus. The oral administration of diethyl stilboestrol, in doses ranging between 5 mg and 70 mg per day, had no clear-cut effect on Heidenhain pouch secretion.
Fatty acids are required for epidermal permeability barrier function.
Authors: M Mao-Qiang, P M Elias, K R Feingold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The permeability barrier is mediated by a mixture of ceramides, sterols, and free fatty acids arranged as extracellular lamellar bilayers in the stratum corneum. Whereas prior studies have shown that cholesterol and ceramides are required for normal barrier function, definitive evidence for the importance of nonessential fatty acids is not available. To determine whether epidermal fatty acid synthesis also is required for barrier homeostasis, we applied 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furancarboxylic acid (TOFA), an inhibitor of acetyl CoA carboxylase, after disruption of the barrier by acetone or tape stripping. TOFA inhibits epidermal fatty acid by approximately 50% and significantly delays barrier recovery. Moreover, coadministration of palmitate with TOFA normalizes barrier recovery, indicating that the delay is due to a deficiency in bulk fatty acids. Furthermore, TOFA treatment also delays the return of lipids to the stratum corneum and results in abnormalities in the structure of lamellar bodies, the organelle which delivers lipid to the stratum corneum. In addition, the organization of secreted lamellar body material into lamellar bilayers within the stratum corneum interstices is disrupted by TOFA treatment. Finally, these abnormalities in lamellar body and stratum corneum membrane structure are corrected by coapplication of palmitate with TOFA. These results demonstrate a requirement for bulk fatty acids in barrier homeostasis. Thus, inhibiting the epidermal synthesis of any of the three key lipids that form the extracellular, lipid-enriched membranes of the stratum corneum results in an impairment in barrier homeostasis.
Book: The Strange Case of R L Stevenson
Authors: S. A Spence
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Richard Woodhead Luath Press, £16.99, pp 208 ISBN 0 946487 86 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> ![Graphic][2]</img> ![Graphic][3]</img> The writer Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1850 and died in Upolu, Samoa, in 1894. His best known works are probably Treasure Island (1881-3), Kidnapped (1886), and The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (also 1886). Throughout his life Stevenson suffered from respiratory symptoms that were attributed to “consumption”—pulmonary tuberculosis. Richard Woodhead, a … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Toxic interactions among environmental pollutants: corroborating laboratory observations with human experience.
Authors: K Krishnan, J Brodeur
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Combined exposures to multiple chemicals may result in interactions leading to a significant increase or decrease in the overall toxicity of the mixture compared to the summation of the toxicity of the components. A large number of chemical interactions have been described in animal studies by administering high doses of chemicals by routes and scenarios often different from anticipated human exposures. Though limited, there is some evidence for the occurrence of several supra-additive (the combined effects are greater than the simple summation of the individual effects) and infra-additive (the combined effects are smaller than the simple summation of the individual effects) chemical interactions in humans. For example, toxicokinetic interactions between several solvents have been found to occur in the workplace, whereas those involving pesticides have been reported less frequently, especially during accidental exposures. Toxic interactions involving nutritionally important metals and metalloids appear to occur more frequently, since several of them have an important role in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes. On the contrary, there is not much evidence to confirm the occurrence of toxic interactions among the commonly encountered inorganic gaseous pollutants in humans. Overall, the majority of chemical interactions observed in animal studies have neither been investigated in humans nor been extrapolated to humans based on appropriate mechanistic considerations. Future research efforts in the chemical interactions arena should address these issues by focusing on the development of mechanistically and biologically based models that allow predictions of the extent of interactions likely to be observed in humans.
Role of Sweat in Accumulation of Orally Administered Griseofulvin in Skin
Authors: Vinod P. Shah, William L. Epstein, Sidney Riegelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Griseofulvin, an orally effective antimicrobial agent, appears in the stratum corneum within 4-8 h after oral administration. Griseofulvin distribution was found to be highest in the outermost layers of the stratum corneum (level I, 20.8+/-1.5 ng/mg) and lowest inside (level II, 10.0+/-1.5; level III, 7.5+/-2.2 ng/mg). In order to study the precise mechanism of griseofulvin transfer to stratum corneum, the role of sweat in the accumulation of griseofulvin was considered. Heat-induced total body sweating decreased the mean stratum corneum concentration of griseofulvin by 55%, and 200-300 ng of griseofulvin accumulated per ml of sweat. A silicone hydrophobic resin was used to differentiate between "wash-off" and carrier properties of sweat for griseofulvin. Prevention of transepidermal water and sweat loss by (a) topical application of formaldehyde-releasing cream to one palm, (b) occlusion by a 2 x 2-cm patch on one arm, and (c) wearing a rubber glove for 24 h, showed a lower griseofulvin concentration when compared to control areas in the same subjects. The results of the gloved hand experiment show that a complete equilibrium is established at all three levels of stratum corneum, thereby removing the reversed gradient. These results support the hypothesis that a "wick effect" is responsible for the observed reversed drug gradient within the stratum corneum. The results of the experiments suggest that sweat and transepidermal fluid loss play an important role in griseofulvin transfer in stratum corneum.
Diabetes-induced increases in vascular permeability and changes in granulation tissue levels of sorbitol, myo-inositol, chiro-inositol, and scyllo-inositol are prevented by sorbinil
Authors: Joseph R. Williamson, Katherine Chang, Edwin Rowold, Joyce Marvel, Martha Tomlinson, William R. Sherman, Karen E. Ackermann, Charles Kilo
Journal: Metabolism (1986)
Abstract 20012: The Impact of an Anti-CD34 Stent Surface Modification on the Acute Attachment of Circulating Blood Cells in a Human Shunt Model
Authors: Saami K Yazdani, Sherry Parker, Stephen M Rowland, Eric Ligtenberg, Katarina Larsen, Jaco Houtgraaf, Patrick Serruys, Henricus J Duckers, Frank D Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: The risk of stent thrombosis can potentially be reduced by accelerated re-growth of a functional endothelium. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which differentiate into arterial endothelial cells, can be ‘captured’ by CD34 antibodies immobilized on stent struts, leading to healing of the stented-artery. Therefore the goal of this project was to evaluate the acute interaction of EPC-capturing stents with human blood in an ex vivo arterio-venous shunt. Methods and Results: Seven patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were selected. Silastic tubing was then cannulated between the arterial and venous sheaths forming an arterio-venous shunt. Each silastic tubing had both (1) 316L stainless steel stent with antihuman-CD34 monoclonal antibody and (2) bare metal (316L) stent. The flow condition within the shunt was adjusted and continuously monitored throughout the procedure to ensure coronary flow rates. After 60–90 minutes, the silastic tubing was remove...
A LARGE GALLSTONE.
Authors: A. L. RUSSELL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

I recently removed, post-mortem, a gallstone from a lady aged 67 years; the stone measuring five and three-quarter by four and a half inches, and weighing 530 grains. The patient died from tubal rupture incident to carcinoma of the uterus, and had never complained of symptoms referable to the gall bladder, though she had been under my care for two years for the uterine growth. Great obesity, an enlarged liver, and absence of symptoms or complaint allowed this feature of the case to go unnoticed. I believe this to be an unusually large specimen.
Phenformin and Pancreatitis
Authors: LAWRENCE M. RYAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1977Phenformin and PancreatitisLAWRENCE M. RYAN, M.D., PAUL HANKWITZ, M.D., MICHAEL BANASIAK, M.D.LAWRENCE M. RYAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL HANKWITZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MICHAEL BANASIAK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-796 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to report our experience with a patient who developed pancreatitis while using phenformin. Because hemorrhagic pancreatitis was proved at autopsy, this case complements that of Chase and Mogan (1). The pancreatitis was complicated by lactic acidosis and hypothermia; disseminated intravascular coagulation and elevated phenformin levels were seen. (Phenformin assays performed by Geigy Pharmaceuticals. Therapeutic levels in serum have not been delineated. Known overdoses have had serum levels of 300 ng/ml and higher.)A 50-year-old white woman was admitted to Milwaukee County General Hospital because of sudden loss of consciousness. She was diabetic and had been...References1. CHASEMOGAN HG: Phenformin-associated pancreatitis. Ann Intern Med 87:314-315, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. DUGUIDSIMPSONSTOWERS HRJ: Accidental hypothermia. Lancet 2:1213-1219, 1961 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KWAANANDERSONGRAMATICA HML: A study of pancreatic enzymes as a factor in the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation during acute pancreatitis. Surgery 69:663-672, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. BROERSMABULLEMERMAMMEN RGE: Acidosis-induced disseminated intravascular microthrombosis and its dissolution by streptokinase. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 24:55-67, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. TOFFLERSPIRO AH: Shock or coma as the predominant manifestation of painless acute pancreatitis. Ann Intern Med 57:655-659, 1962 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA systematic review of acute pancreatitis as an adverse event of type 2 diabetes drugs: from hard facts to a balanced positionDrug-induced pancreatitis: A critical review 1 December 1977Volume 87, Issue 6Page: 796-796KeywordsAutopsyDisseminated intravascular coagulationDrug therapyHypothermiaLactic acidosisLoss of consciousnessPancreatitis Issue Published: 1 December 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
COX-2 expression in adenoma: an imperfect marker for chemoprevention
Authors: A. T. Chan
Journal: Gut (2010)

Four randomised, placebo-controlled studies have each shown that daily aspirin use reduces the occurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps among individuals with a history of prior colorectal adenomas or cancer.1–4 In one of these trials, conducted by the Association pour la Prevention par l'Aspirine du Cancer Colorectal (APACC), 272 patients were randomised to two doses of a soluble aspirin salt (lysine acetylsalicylate) at 160 mg or 300 mg or placebo after removal of at least three adenomas or one adenoma at least 6 mm in diameter in a clearing colonoscopy. Compared with placebo, aspirin treatment at either dose was associated with a 37% reduction in risk of any recurrent adenoma and 70% reduction in risk of recurrent adenoma greater than 5 mm at the year 1 surveillance colonoscopy.3 In this issue of Gut , Benamouzig and colleagues ( see page 622 ) now present a secondary analysis of a subset of 136 participants in the APACC trial.5 The authors examined immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the adenomas resected at the baseline clearing colonoscopy in relation to aspirin use and risk of adenoma recurrence at the year 1 or 4 surveillance colonoscopy. Aspirin is likely, at least in part, to prevent colorectal neoplasia through inhibition of COX-2, the rate-limiting step for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and related eicosanoids. COX-2 promotes inflammation and cell proliferation, and colorectal cancers often over-express this enzyme.6 Thus, the study by Benamouzig et al is a unique opportunity to examine whether the likelihood of overall adenoma recurrence as well as the effect of aspirin on recurrence varies according to tumorous expression of COX-2 in the baseline adenoma.

As a caveat, a formal presentation of the final main results of the APACC trial incorporating the outcomes at the year 4 colonoscopy has not yet been published except …
Devolution and the Scottish NHS
Authors: C. Currie, A. Toft
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Scotland, with a population of five million people, is in that respect comparable to an English health region. Thereafter, similarities fade. Responsibilities for the NHS in Scotland lie, not with a regional authority, but directly with a Scottish Office minister and his civil servants in St Andrew's House, Edinburgh. Per capita spending on health is higher in Scotland than in England, yet many health indicators remain obstinately worse. And even the history of the NHS in Scotland is different; a separate piece of legislation–the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947–established different procedures for appointing consultants and greater participation by universities in the running of the service, and sought to ensure that “the special virtues of the Highlands and Islands Medical Service would be protected and extended to the nation as a whole.”1

More recent reforms, seen as driven by the problems and politics of England, have been generally less admired. Market led and quango based solutions, …
1182 GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN IL-10R, IL-28B AND LTA GENES IN HCV INFECTION. DO THEY HAVE PROTECTIVE ROLE AND PREDICT SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE?
Authors: A. Par, P. Kisfali, B. Melegh, A. Miseta, I. Tornai, M. Papp, B. Hunyady, A. Vincze, G. Par
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)