tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improved 4- and 6-Hour Myocardial Preservation by Hypoxic Preconditioning
Authors: Daniel T. Engelman, Chang-zhi Chen, Masazumi Watanabe, Richard M. Engelman, John A. Rousou, Joseph E. Flack, David W. Deaton, Nilanjana Maulik, Dipak K. Das
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background A brief hypoxic episode can precondition myocardium against a subsequent ischemic-reperfusion injury. The present study sought to determine whether intracellular ionic alterations, induced expression of heat-shock proteins (hsps), and/or catalase are involved in the cellular mechanisms by which hypoxic preconditioning can preserve postischemic function in a model of prolonged hypothermic storage. Methods and Results Two groups of isolated working rat hearts were studied: control (CON) and hypoxically preconditioned (HP) hearts. Hearts were arrested at 4°C with St Thomas’ cardioplegic solution and immersion-stored for either a 4- or 6-hour period. Myocardial function (ie, heart rate, aortic flow, coronary flow, developed pressure, and its first derivative dP/dt max ) was determined at baseline, after preconditioning, and during reperfusion. At similar time points, myocardial [Na + ] i , [K + ] i , [Mg 2+ ] i , and [Ca 2+ ] i were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the induction of hsp 70 and catalase mRNAs was assayed using Northern blot analysis. After 4 and 6 hours of hypothermic storage, aortic flow, dP/dt max , and [K + ] i were increased, whereas [Na + ] i and [Ca 2+ ] i were decreased significantly in the HP group compared with the CON group. Steady state mRNA levels of catalase and hsp 70 were increased from baseline levels only in the HP group, with a peak (2.8- and 2.4-fold versus baseline) after 4 hours of storage. Conclusions Our results indicate that intracellular ionic alterations and upregulation of catalase and hsp 70 gene expression may contribute to the mechanisms underlying hypoxic preconditioning, leading to improved postischemic function during prolonged hypothermic storage of hearts.
Endobronchial teratoma associated with bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis
Authors: E. M. Bateson, J. A. Hayes, M. Woo-Ming
Journal: Thorax (1968)

A teratoma in a young West Indian of Negro race is reported. The teratoma presented radiologically in the left upper lobe as an ill-defined shadow which contained a crescent-shaped translucent area and simulated a mycetoma. In addition, the left lung showed widespread nodular shadows. The left lung was resected and the teratoma was found to be endobronchial in position. This is a very rare site for a teratoma as only one of the 15 previously reported intrapulmonary teratomata may have been endobronchial. The remainder of the left lung remote from the tumour showed generalized bronchiectasis both radiologically and pathologically. The bronchiectasis was of follicular type and in addition there was widespread bronchiolectasis. The inflammatory reaction associated with the latter was responsible for the nodular shadows. The significance of these changes in relation to the teratoma is discussed.
Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Giovanni Ravaglia, Paola Forti, Fabiola Maioli, Luciana Bastagli, Martina Chiappelli, Fausta Montesi, Luigi Bolondi, Christopher Patterson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Little is known about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among elderly people in Italy, its association with all-cause mortality, and whether measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 affects this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The baseline prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria, and all-cause mortality at 4 years were recorded in an Italian population-based cohort (981 subjects, 55% women, aged 65–97 years). A Cox model adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical variables was used to investigate 1) whether metabolic syndrome was a predictor of mortality and 2) how the association was affected by baseline high CRP (&amp;gt;3 mg/l) and IL-6 (&amp;gt;1.33 pg/ml). RESULTS—Overall, metabolic syndrome prevalence was 27.2% [95% CI 24.0–30.5] and higher in women (33.3% [28.7–38.0]) than in men (19.6% [15.5–24.2]). During follow-up, 137 deaths occurred. Using the no metabolic syndrome/no high IL-6 group as the reference, mortality was not associated with the metabolic syndrome alone (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio 1.24 [0.60–2.59]), only weakly associated with high IL-6 alone (1.66 [1.04–2.63]), but strongly associated with the concurrent presence of metabolic syndrome and high IL-6 (3.26 [2.00–5.33]). High CRP was not a mortality predictor (0.83 [0.58–1.20]) nor did it affect the association of the other variables with mortality. CONCLUSIONS—Metabolic syndrome by NCEP criteria is highly prevalent in the Italian elderly population. It is not itself associated with mortality but may improve the usefulness of IL-6 as a mortality predictor in older age.
Nuclear scaffold-associated protease: in situ nuclear localization and effects of a protease inhibitor on growth and morphology of a ras-transformed hepatocyte cell line*1
Authors: Gary A. Clawson, Ling Ren, Harriet C. Isom
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

We have previously identified a multicatalytic protease (MCP) activity associated with the nuclear scaffold (NS) in hepatocytes and fibroblasts. When we used the chloromethylketone protease inhibitor AAPFcmk, which is targeted to chymotrypsinlike protease activity, we observed a dramatic inhibition of transformation of fibroblasts, with effects that were relatively selective for the NS fraction. Here, we undertook experiments to determine the effects of AAPFcmk on Simian Virus 40-immortalized CWSV1 cells compared with a ras-transformed hepatocyte cell line (NR4) derived from CWSV1. We used biotinAAPFcmk and fluorescent reagents to demonstrate a nuclear chymotrypsinlike protease activity, which is most prominent at the nuclear envelope. The ras-transformed NR4 cells were highly susceptible to growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner, showing 85% growth inhibition at 50 mumol/LAAPFcmk. In contrast, the immortalized CWSV1 cells were not sensitive at the concentrations (10 to 50 mumol/L) of AAPFcmk tested. In subcellular fractionation studies, the inhibitory effects of AAPFcmk were confined to the NS fraction. The AAPFcmk-induced growth inhibition was accompanied by marked morphological changes in ras-transformed cells, without evidence of overt toxicity. No change in DNA content was observed, but a marked increase in organization of actin cytoskeletal elements was seen. These results suggest that a protease activity associated with the nuclear scaffold has important functions in controlling cytoskeletal filament organization and cell replication.
Reviews and Notes: Ethics: Practical Decision Making in Health Care Ethics: Cases and Concepts
Authors: Robert Lyman Potter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine15 August 1996Reviews and Notes: Ethics: Practical Decision Making in Health Care Ethics: Cases and ConceptsRobert Lyman Potter, MD, PhDRobert Lyman Potter, MD, PhDMidwest Bioethics Center, Kansas City, MO 64105Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-4-199608150-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail RJ Devettere. 487 pages. Washington, DC: Georgetown Univ Pr; 1995. $25.95. ISBN 0-87840-594-1. Order phone 410-516-6995.Aristotle's framework for understanding ethics is the basis for this highly practical guide to ethics in health care. Devettere has presented the concepts and cases in nontechnical language; consequently, he has filled a need for a substantial book of instruction in virtue ethics that can be read by nonclinicians. However, this book is not simple. Each concept is supported by enough text to make the discerning reader well informed. For example, the concept of decision-making capacity is treated with such precision that no important ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Midwest Bioethics Center, Kansas City, MO 64105 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 4Page: 351-352KeywordsBioethicsDecision makingEuthanasiaHealth careHealth care providersNutritionPatientsReasoningSuicideTransplantation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Damages against Casualty Officer
Authors: C. Abraham, T. W. Lamont, N. Budge, T. T. E. Michael, D. W. Bull, A. C. Morrison, C. P. Elliott-Binns, R. G. Nichols, R. R. Evans, A. B. Partridge, H. M. Fehily, T. Tenderenda, G. S. Fowler, G. W. Waddy, B. M. Griffith-Jones, C. J. Zerny, R. E. Hogg, E. A. J. Alment, D. B. Langrana
Journal: BMJ (1953)
Personal Prophylaxis for Venereal Diseases
Authors: William W. Darrow
Journal: JAMA (1975)

VENEREAL disease (VD) prophylaxis is an old and controversial subject. Conflicting recommendations on the value of the different prophylactic techniques described in lay publications (<i>VIVA</i>, October and November, 1973) and elsewhere<sup>1</sup>must be a source of confusion to practicing physicians and the general public. This article is an attempt to clarify some of the issues. In our opinion, the controversy remains unresolved for three reasons. First, few comparative studies on prophylaxis in humans have been reported. Second, most of the reported studies have employed inadequate controls. Third, techniques that appear effective in preventing some sexually transmitted diseases may not be effective against all others. If recommendations are to be made regarding the value of any prophylactic technique, we must consider (1) the direct preventive efficacy of the product, (2) the degrees to which consumers accept the product, (3) the patterns of use by sexually active couples, and (4) the
Genetic and pharmacological analysis of prostanoid receptor function
Authors: Shuh Narumiya, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Prostaglandins and their precursors Membrane prostanoid receptors: studies in knockout miceEight types and subtypes of membrane prostanoid receptors are conserved in mammals from mouse to human (2): the PGD receptor (DP), four subtypes of the PGE receptor (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), the PGF receptor (FP), the PGI receptor (IP), and the TxA receptor (TP).All are G protein-coupled rhodopsin-type receptors with seven transmembrane domains, and each is encoded by different genes.In addition, there are several splice variants of the EP3, FP, and TP receptors, which differ only in their C-terminal tails.Among the eight types and subtypes, the IP, DP, EP2, and EP4 receptors mediate a cAMP rise and have been termed "relaxant" receptors, whereas the TP, FP, and EP1 receptors induce calcium mobilization and constitute a "contractile" receptor group.The remaining receptor, EP3, induces a decline in cAMP levels and has been termed the "inhibitory" receptor.However, the effects of prostanoids on these G protein-coupled signaling pathways may change as a function of ligand concentration or structure.Thus, while PGI 2 analogs ligate the IP and activate adenylate cyclase via G s in a dosedependent manner, higher concentrations of the ligand couple the IP to phospholipase C activation and calcium mobilization (3), probably via G q .Similarly, activation of the FP in cardiomyocytes by either PGF 2α , its cognate ligand, or 8,12-iso-iPF 2α -III, a PGF 2α isomeric
Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Pregnancy
Authors: Eve Scopelitis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 October 1994Antiphospholipid Antibodies in PregnancyEve Scopelitis, Wendell A. Wilson, and Myriam C. PerezEve ScopelitisLouisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112Search for more papers by this author, Wendell A. WilsonLouisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112Search for more papers by this author, and Myriam C. PerezLouisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Lynch and colleagues [1] reported a 4.6% frequency of elevated IgG anticardiolipin antibody levels in healthy, low-risk, nulliparous pregnant women. Twenty-eight percent of the group positive for the anticardiolipin antibody experienced fetal loss, indicating that patients with elevated antibody levels (at their initial prenatal visit) have an increased risk for fetal loss. The authors, however, misquoted our earlier abstract [2] regarding an association between anticardiolipin antibody levels and maternal complications of pregnancy. We, as they, found no increase in maternal pregnancy complications.Our data have now been published [3]; in a predominantly African-American population of 1200 unselected ...References1. Lynch A, Marlar R, Murphy J, Davila G, Santos M, Rutledge J, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:470-5. Google Scholar2. Brown HL, Perez MC, Wilson W, Scopelitis E. Anticardiolipin antibodies in an unselected obstetric population: relationship to fetal outcome (Abstract). Society of Perinatal Obstetricians. Tenth Annual Meeting, January 23-27, 1990. Google Scholar3. Perez MC, Wilson WA, Brown HL, Scopelitis E. Anticardiolipin antibodies in unselected pregnant women: relationship to fetal outcome. J Perinatol. 1991; 11:33-6. Google Scholar4. Gharavi AE, Harris EN, Asherson RA, Hughes GR. Anticardiolipin antibodies: isotype distribution and phospholipid specificity. Ann Rheum Dis. 1987; 46:1-6. Google Scholar5. Eroglu GE, Scopelitis E. Antinuclear and antiphospholipid antibodies in healthy women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immun. 1994; 31:1-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrevention of recurrent miscarriage for women with antiphospholipid antibody or lupus anticoagulant 1 October 1994Volume 121, Issue 7Page: 547-548KeywordsAntibodiesEnzyme linked immunosorbent assayMedical risk factorsMiscarriagePregnancyPregnancy complicationsStandard deviation Issue Published: 1 October 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Rapid Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Ronald M. Weintraub
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Three cases of drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura are described: One due to quinine, one to quinidine, and the third to diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin). The first 2 recovered promptly following omission of the offending drug, and administration of steroid therapy. The one due to diphenylhydantoin manifested also a severe granulocytopenia, fever and a maculopapular rash, thus suggesting multiple consequences of allergic manifestations referable to the same drug. In all 3 subjects the identity of the thrombocytopenia-inducing drug was established by clot-retraction studies. In order to apply the method during the thrombocytopenic phase of the disease, when the offending drug might still be circulating, and thus when the patient's clot might not retract, the following modification was used: freshly drawn normal blood was admixed with small amounts of the patient's serum and suspected drug, concurrent with appropriate controls.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Analysis of the effects of mutant<i>PIG‐A</i>on gene expression
Authors: Nobuko Kanai, Theresa M. Vreeke, Charles J. Parker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Compelling evidence indicates that mutations in PIG-A are necessary for the development of paroxysmal nocturnal hemaglobinuria (PNH), however, it is unclear why mutant PIG-A stem cells have a selective advantage. Further, multiple, discrete PIG-A mutations have been detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with PNH, but the contribution of the different mutant clones to hematopoiesis is variable. This observation implies that factors in addition to mutant PIG-A influence the proliferative properties of the abnormal cells. To investigate the etiology of the selective advantage and the clonal dominance in PNH, gene expression in cells with mutant PIG-A was analyzed. Representational difference analysis was used to compare the pattern of cDNA expression between a human lymphoblastoid cell line with mutant PIG-A and its wild-type counterpart. These experiments demonstrated that the pattern of gene expression was different between the two cells lines in that the PIG-A mutant cells failed to express antiquitin mRNA. Transfection of the mutant cells with normal PIG-A restored expression of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored proteins but not antiquitin. These experiments demonstrate that differences in the pattern of gene expression can occur independent of the PIG-A mutation. Depending upon the functional properties of the involved genes, these differences could influence the proliferative properties of PIG-A mutant cells and contribute to the selective advantage and clonal dominance that characterize PNH.
Hyperbilirubinemia Due to Exchange Transfusion in the Newborn
Authors: Albert Ehrlich, Gertrude Lukk
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Group O blood is commonly used for exchange transfusion in hemolytic disease of the newborn regardless of the blood group of the baby. The anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinins of the Group O donor blood cause hemolysis of the infant's remaining A or B cells. The resulting hyperbilirubinemia necessitates multiple transfusions. This can occur even with the use of a "nondangerous Group O donor" and AB substance. The authors recommend that in Rh hemolytic disease group-specific blood always be used. In ABO hemolytic disease they recommend using Group O blood, removing the plasma, and resuspending the Group O cells in compatible plasma for exchange transfusion in A or B babies. Group-specific (AB) substance added to Group O blood is dangerous.
Somatic<i>POLE</i>mutations cause an ultramutated giant cell high-grade glioma subtype with better prognosis
Authors: E. Zeynep Erson-Omay, Ahmet Okay Çağlayan, Nikolaus Schultz, Nils Weinhold, S. Bülent Omay, Koray Özduman, Yavuz Köksal, Jie Li, Akdes Serin Harmancı, Victoria Clark, Geneive Carrión-Grant, Jacob Baranoski, Caner Çağlar, Tanyeri Barak, Süleyman Coşkun, Burçin Baran, Doğan Köse, Jia Sun, Mehmet Bakırcıoğlu, Jennifer Moliterno Günel, M. Necmettin Pamir, Ketu Mishra-Gorur, Kaya Bilguvar, Katsuhito Yasuno, Alexander Vortmeyer, Anita J. Huttner, Chris Sander, Murat Günel
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Malignant high-grade gliomas (HGGs), including the most aggressive form, glioblastoma multiforme, show significant clinical and genomic heterogeneity. Despite recent advances, the overall survival of HGGs and their response to treatment remain poor. In order to gain further insight into disease pathophysiology by correlating genomic landscape with clinical behavior, thereby identifying distinct HGG molecular subgroups associated with improved prognosis, we performed a comprehensive genomic analysis. We analyzed and compared 720 exome-sequenced gliomas (136 from Yale, 584 from The Cancer Genome Atlas) based on their genomic, histological, and clinical features. We identified a subgroup of HGGs (6 total, 4 adults and 2 children) that harbored a statistically significantly increased number of somatic mutations (mean = 9257.3 vs 76.2, P = .002). All of these "ultramutated" tumors harbored somatic mutations in the exonuclease domain of the polymerase epsilon gene (POLE), displaying a distinctive genetic profile, characterized by genomic stability and increased C-to-A transversions. Histologically, they all harbored multinucleated giant or bizarre cells, some with predominant infiltrating immune cells. One adult and both pediatric patients carried homozygous germline mutations in the mutS homolog 6 (MSH6) gene. In adults, POLE mutations were observed in patients younger than 40 years and were associated with a longer progression-free survival. We identified a genomically, histologically, and clinically distinct subgroup of HGGs that harbored somatic POLE mutations and carried an improved prognosis. Identification of distinctive molecular and pathological HGG phenotypes has implications not only for improved classification but also for potential targeted treatments.
Venereal Warts vs Bowen Disease
Authors: Aurel Lupulescu
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Verrucous growths of the genitalia in young patients are usually condylomata acuminata. In five cases this type of genital lesion, viewed by light microscopy, showed dysplastic cellular changes of Bowen disease, a diagnosis that was further confirmed by electron microscopy. Bowen disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of verrucous lesions of genitalia in young people and should be ruled out by histologic examination.
New insights into store-independent Ca2+ entry: secretory pathway calcium ATPase 2 in normal physiology and cancer
Authors: Ming-Ye Feng, Rajini Rao
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases (SPCA) revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2+ channel Orai1 and inducing Ca2+ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2+ signaling is uncoupled from its conventional role of Ca2+-ATPase and independent of store-operated Ca2+ signaling pathway. SPCA2-induced store-independent Ca2+ entry (SICE) plays essential roles in many important physiological processes, while unbalanced SICE leads to enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Finally, we have summarized the clinical implication of SICE in oral cancer prognosis and treatment. Inhibition of SICE may be a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics. Blocking an enzyme that helps bring calcium into cells could be a promising strategy for therapeutic intervention in oral cancers. In a review article, Rajini Rao from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA, and her former graduate student Ming-Ye Feng, now at Sichuan University, China, and Stanford University, USA, discuss how a calcium-pumping enzyme known as secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SPCA2) is often upregulated in cancer cells compared to their non-malignant counterparts. Salivary glands express this protein during normal tissue development. When SPCA2 is overexpressed, however, calcium ions rush into the cells, leading to increased proliferation and other characteristics consistent with tumorigenic growth. Therefore, SPCA2 or the calcium channels it interacts with could be a useful new drug target in patients with oral cancer.
Israelis destroy Ethiopian blood donations
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Public outcry has greeted the discovery that for years most of the blood donated by Ethiopian Jewish immigrants to Israel's blood collection service has been thrown out unused because of the high risk of HIV in the community.

Prime Minister Shimon Peres officially apologised for the policy and has ordered a government inquiry. President Ezer Weizman also denounced the policy and said that, of the numberous blood transfusions that he had received in his life, he “hoped that some of them had come from Ethiopians.”

Israel's …