tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limbic System Mechanisms and Autonomic Function
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This volume consists of the invited formal papers and subsequent discussion from a meeting held in Toronto to consider brain and visceral interrelationships. The title is misleading: brain regions outside the limbic system are included while autonomic function is largely restricted to cardiovascular measurements, particularly blood pressure. The contributed papers are quite variable in format, length, apparent intended audience, subject matter, and quality. Most papers are reviews but some are written in standard journal format with Methods, Results, and Discussion headings. Three separate summary statements are appended; one is three pages long, the next two pages, but the third is a 42-page statement of limbic neurophilosophy by Yakovlev. Most chapters restrict themselves to animal studies, particularly responses to electrical stimulation. Two chapters relate changes in autonomic functions to different psychologic states in normal human volunteers. The reviewer found the following contributions particularly interesting: McLean's work on visual and somatic inputs
Femoral artery pressure measurement during aortography.
Authors: D C Brewster, A C Waltman, P J O'Hara, R C Darling
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Femoral artery pressure (FAP) measurements were carried out to evaluate the hemodynamic significance of aorto-iliac occlusive disease in 150 patients (173 limbs) at the time of transfemoral angiography. Clinical assessment based upon traditional criteria of claudication level, pulse examination, and monoplane angiography were at variance with the results of this physiologic testing in approximately one-third of the patients. Results were most variable, and FAP testing most helful in evaluating patients with moderate diffuse disease on angiography, who are usually difficult to evaluate clinically. Strong correlation existed between FAP evaluation and the results of arterial reconstructive surgery. Of the patients with a positive FAP result who underwent proximal vascular reconstruction, 96% had satisfactory relief of ischemic symptoms despite uncorrected distal disease in the majority. In contrast, 57% of the patients undergoing proximal operation despite a normal FAP result were unrelieved of symptoms and required subsequent distal procedures. Similar correlation existed with results of femoro-popliteal and femoro-femoral grafting. This simple physiologic test has been found of great value in selecting the proper level of arterial reconstruction and in accurately predicting the results of surgery.
Outcomes Research, Cost Containment, and the Fear of Health Care Rationing
Authors: J E Wennberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Expectations are high for the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, established by the 101st Congress to promote research on medical outcomes and develop guidelines for practice. Physicians and patients expect that such research will make it possible to sort out what works in medicine and learn how to make clinical decisions that reflect more truly the needs and wants of individual patients. Many business leaders, third-party payers, and policy makers believe that this effort will lead to the development of practice guidelines, which in turn will reduce the pressure for growth and produce a leaner, trimmer health care . . .
Theophylline Elixir, Moxalactam, and a Disulfiram Reaction
Authors: KEVIN R. BROWN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1982Theophylline Elixir, Moxalactam, and a Disulfiram ReactionKEVIN R. BROWN, PHARM. D., B. JOSEPH GUGLIELMO, PHARM. D., VINCENT G. PONS, M.D., RICHARD A. JACOBS, M.D.KEVIN R. BROWN, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this author, B. JOSEPH GUGLIELMO, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this author, VINCENT G. PONS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD A. JACOBS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-4-621_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A "disulfiram-like" reaction has been associated with certain new cephalosporins including moxalactam (1-5). This case report shows the serious nature of the reaction in a hospitalized patient who was receiving moxalactam and elixir of theophylline.A 75-year-old man had surgery for removal of an infected aortofemoral bypass graft and revascularization. The surgery was well tolerated but the postoperative course was complicated by several episodes of acute respiratory insufficiency needing intubation, recurrent sepsis, and acute tubular necrosis. After one septic episode, moxalactam was started. After 6 days of therapy, the patient was markedly improved. He requested and received...References1. DRUMMER S, HAUSER W, and REMINGTON J. Antabuse-like effect of beta-lactam antibiotics. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:1417-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BUENING M, WOLD J, ISRAEL K, and KAMMER R. Disulfiram-like reaction to beta-lactams. JAMA. 1981;245:2027. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MCMAHON F. Disulfiram-like reaction to a cephalosporin. JAMA. 1980;243:2397. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. REEVES D and DAVIES A. Antabuse effect with cephalosporins. Lancet. 1980;11:540. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. NEU H and PRINCE A. Interaction between moxalactam and alcohol. Lancet. 1980;1:1422. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KEVIN R. BROWN, PHARM. D.; B. JOSEPH GUGLIELMO, PHARM. D.; VINCENT G. PONS, M.D.; RICHARD A. JACOBS, M.D.Affiliations: Stanford University Hospital and University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTheophylline and related compoundsDrug-Food InteractionsTheophyllinePharmaceutical ExcipientsThe Cephalosporin Antibiotic Agents—I. Considered as a GroupDrug Information Analysis ServiceCentral nervous system stimulants and anorectic agents 1 October 1982Volume 97, Issue 4Page: 621-622KeywordsIntubationNecrosisRespiratory failureRevascularizationSepsisSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-115: Cooperative activation of tissue specific genes by pRB and E2F1.
Authors: Stephen J. Flowers, Fuhua Xu, Elizabeth Moran
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRB is conventionally regarded as an inhibitor of the E2F family of transcription factors. Conversely, pRB is also recognized as an activator of tissue-specific gene expression along various lineages including osteoblastogenesis. During osteoblast differentiation, pRB directly targets Alpl and Bglap, which encode the major markers of osteogenesis, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Surprisingly, p130 and repressor E2Fs were recently found to co-occupy and repress Alpl and Bglap in proliferating osteoblast precursors prior to differentiation. This raises the further question of whether these genes convert to E2F activation targets when differentiation begins, which would constitute a remarkable situation wherein pRB and E2F would be co-targeting genes for activation.Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis in an osteoblast differentiation model shows Alpl and Bglap are indeed targeted by an activator E2F, i.e. E2F1. Promoter occupation of Alpl and Bglap by E2F1 occurs specifically during activation, and depletion of E2F1 severely impairs their induction. Mechanistically, promoter occupation by E2F1 and pRB is mutually dependent, and without this cooperative effect, activation steps previously shown to be dependent on pRB, including recruitment of RNA polymerase II, are impaired. Myocyte and adipocyte specific genes are also co-targeted by E2F1 and pRB during differentiation along their respective lineages. The finding that pRB and E2F1 cooperate to activate expression of tissue-specific genes is a paradigm distinct from the classical concept of pRB as an inhibitor of E2F1, but is consistent with the observed roles of these proteins in physiological models. Citation Format: Stephen J. Flowers, Fuhua Xu, Elizabeth Moran. Cooperative activation of tissue specific genes by pRB and E2F1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-115. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-115
Detection of Left Ventricular Asynergy by Echocardiography
Authors: JAMIE J. JACOBS, HARVEY FEIGENBAUM, BETTY C. CORYA, JOHN F. PHILLIPS, Mary Jo Black, Sonia Chang, Charles L. Haine
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The purpose of this study was to determnie if echocardiography could detect left ventricular asynergy. Forty-eight patients underwent selective coronary arteriography and cineventriculography for the evaluation of chest pain. Four patients were studied twice: three before and after myocardial revascularization and one before and after an intervening myocardial infarction. Echocardiographic M-mode scans were registered on a strip chart as the left ventricle was scanned with an ultrasonic beam from the aortic root to the region of the posterior papillary muscle approximately 18 hrs prior to the catheterization studies. Ten of the forty-eight patients had no evidence of coronary artery disease. All ten patients had normal ventriculograms in right anterior oblique projection and their echocardiographic scans showed all areas of the left ventricular posterior wall endocardium to move anteriorly 0.9-1.4 cm (mean 1.2 cm) and all parts of the left side of the interventricular septum to move posteriorly 0.3-0.8 cm (mean 0.5 cm) during systole. The 38 patients with significant obstructive coronary artery disease had a total of 42 studies; 25 of these studies showed left ventricular asynergy on the ventriculogram taken in right anterior oblique. The echocardiograms associated with all but one of these studies demonstrating left ventricular asynergy had abnormal motion of some part of the interventricular septum and/or left ventricular posterior wall. Seventeen studies in patients with significant coronary artery disease did not exhibit left ventricular asynergy on the ventriculogram but eight of these studies were associated with distinctly abnormal echocardiograms. None of the ten patients with significant coronary artery disease and normal echocardiograms had evidence of transmural infarction on their electrocardiograms. Echocardiographic abnormalities correlated with the anatomic area predicted by the myocardial infarction pattern on the electrocardiogram in 18 of 20 patients. All patients demonstrating abnormal echographic interventricular septal motion had a significant obstructive lesion in the left anterior descending coronary artery. In the absence of significant involvement of the left anterior descending coronary artery, echographically recorded interventricular septal motion was invariably normal. On the other hand, eight patients had significant obstruction in their left anterior descending coronary artery and their echographic interventricular septal motion was normal. The results of this correlative study indicate that M-mode echocardiographic scans can detect left ventricular asynergy and may possibly predict regional myocardial involvement in coronary artery disease.
PUERPERAL SEPSIS AND PROPHYLACTIC VAGINAL ANTISEPSIS
Authors: C. L. Somerville
Journal: BMJ (1932)

the years 1918-24.This may be more apparent than real.The figures from 1912 to 1917 may well undervalue the actual numbers, for the system of isolation was during the earlier part of that period an innovation, whilst school medical inspection was less rigorous during the war than 30 12O --.
Synacthen Depot--Adrenal response in normal subjects and corticotrophin-treated patients.
Authors: J. K. Nelson, D. W. Neill, D. A. Montgomery, J. S. MacKay, B. Sheridan, J. A. Weaver
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Ileostomy Diarrhoea-Ellis and Coll MBDICALJOs 557advocate the precaution, used in the present case, of observing the reversed segment for some 30 minutes at operation after the anastomosis has been completed, in order to ensure that the blood supply of the reversed segment remains adequate after its vascular pedicle has been twisted through 180 degrees. SummaryThe use of a reversed segment of small intestine in the treat- ment of persistent profuse ileostomy diarrhoea after colectomy for polyposis coli is described.The value of the reversed intestinal segment procedure in patients with rapid intestinal transit time due to causes other than massive bowel resection warrants further exploration.
Why smoke fewer cigarettes?
Authors: D O Ho-Yen, V A Spence, J P Moody, W F Walker
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Sixteen volunteers were tested when smoking their own brand of cigarettes normally and when smoking half their usual number of cigarettes. While smoking half their usual amount the subjects changed their inhalation behaviour. Over this period the percentages of carboxyhaemoglobin were not significantly different from steady-state values where plasma nicotine concentration rose significantly. With the reduction in cigarettes there were significant falls in haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and red cell count. These findings suggest that the advice given to patients to smoke fewer cigarettes should be accompanied by a warning against increasing inhalation. Patients who say that they have reduced their smoking but who have unaltered carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations should not be discredited.
Summary of the discussion for session No. 1 of the section on methods
Authors: P.G. Condliffe, L.C. Craig, K.A. Ferguson, H.E. Lebovitz, U.J. Lewis, C.H. Li, J. Meites, A.J. Parcells, J.G. Pierce, M.S. Raben, O. Smithies, D. Steinberg, A. Tiselius
Journal: Metabolism (1964)
Survival and Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction Are Critically Dependent on the Host Innate Immune Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase-4 Signaling
Authors: Yuichiro Maekawa, Nobuo Mizue, Annie Chan, Yu Shi, Youan Liu, Steven Dawood, Manyin Chen, Fayez Dawood, Geoffrey de Couto, Guo Hua Li, Nobutaka Suzuki, Wen-Chen Yeh, Anthony Gramolini, Jeffrey A. Medin, Peter P. Liu
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The innate immune system greatly contributes to the inflammatory process after myocardial infarction (MI). Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4), downstream of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor signaling, has an essential role in regulating the innate immune response. The present study was designed to determine the mechanism by which IRAK-4 is responsible for the cardiac inflammatory process, which consequently affects left ventricular remodeling after MI.Experimental MI was created in IRAK-4(-/-) and wild-type mice by left coronary ligation. Mice with a targeted deletion of IRAK-4 had an improved survival rate at 4 weeks after MI. IRAK-4(-/-) mice also demonstrated attenuated cardiac dilation and decreased inflammation in the infarcted myocardium, which was associated with less proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine expression mediated by suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. IRAK-4(-/-) mice had fewer infiltrations of CD45+ leukocytes and CD11c+ dendritic cells, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduced fibrosis and nitric oxide production. Cardiac dendritic cells in IRAK-4(-/-) mice were relatively immature or functionally naïve after MI in that they demonstrated less cytokine and costimulatory molecule gene expression. Furthermore, IRAK-4(-/-) dendritic cells have less mobilization capacity. Transfer of wild type-derived bone marrow dendritic cells into IRAK-4(-/-) mice for functional dendritic cell reconstitution negated the survival advantage and reduced the cardiac dilation observed with IRAK-4(-/-) mice at 28 days after MI.Deletion of IRAK-4 has favorable effects on survival and left ventricular remodeling after MI through modification of the host inflammatory process by blunting the detrimental bone marrow dendritic cells mobilization after myocardial ischemia.
Human Kallikrein Gene 11 (<b> <i>KLK11</i> </b>) mRNA Overexpression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kazushi Shigemasa, Lijun Gu, Hirotoshi Tanimoto, Timothy J. O’Brien, Koso Ohama
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

The purpose of this study was to examine expression levels of the human tissue kallikrein 11 gene (KLK11) in epithelial ovarian tumors and to identify the relationship between KLK11 expression and patient survival.KLK11 mRNA expression was examined by semiquantitative PCR in 64 epithelial ovarian tumors (7 adenomas, 6 low malignant potential tumors, and 51 adenocarcinomas) and in 10 normal ovaries. Semiquantitative PCR results were correlated with clinicopathologic variables and overall survival. cDNA from human normal tissues and tumor tissues was also analyzed.KLK11 mRNA expression was detected in various human cancer tissues including breast, lung, colon, prostate, pancreas, and ovarian carcinoma. The mean value of relative KLK11 expression ratio was significantly higher in ovarian tumor samples than in normal ovary samples (compared with normal samples: adenoma, P = 0.0006; low malignant potential tumor, P = 0.0049; and carcinoma, P < 0.0001). No statistically significant associations between KLK11 mRNA expression level and clinical stage, histological type, or histological grade were observed. The log-rank test showed that high KLK11 mRNA expression and advanced clinical stage significantly correlated with poor patient survival (P = 0.0185 and P = 0.0043, respectively). High KLK11 mRNA expression and clinical stage remained significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.0225 and P = 0.0202, respectively) after multivariate analysis.KLK11 expression may play an important role in ovarian cancer development and act as an independent prognostic marker in ovarian cancer patients.
Amplification of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells with Limiting Telomerase RNA Expression Levels
Authors: Ying Cao, Lily I. Huschtscha, Amanda S. Nouwens, Hilda A. Pickett, Axel A. Neumann, Andy C-M. Chang, Christian D. Toouli, Tracy M. Bryan, Roger R. Reddel
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Activation of telomerase is a crucial step during cellular immortalization, and in some tumors this results from amplification of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. Immortalization of normal human cells has been achieved by transduction with hTERT cDNA under the control of a strong heterologous enhancer/promoter, but this is sometimes an inefficient process, with periods of poor growth or even crisis occurring before immortalization. Here, we showed that normal human mammary epithelial cells expressing exogenous hTERT amplified the transgene extensively and expressed high levels of hTERT mRNA and protein. Paradoxically, the cells had low levels of telomerase activity and very short telomeres, indicating that telomerase activity did not correlate with hTERT expression. These cells contained only ∼20 human telomerase RNA (hTR) molecules/cell (compared with ∼120 hTR molecules per 293 cell). Expression of exogenous hTR caused increased telomerase activity and telomere lengthening. These data indicate that some hTERT-transduced normal cells may express high levels of the transgene but fail to up-regulate endogenous hTR expression sufficiently to enable expression of robust levels of telomerase activity. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3115–23]
Production of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin by human B cell lines and tonsillar B cells.
Authors: S S Sung, L K Jung, J A Walters, W Chen, C Y Wang, S M Fu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The production of TNF/cachectin by human B cell lines and tonsillar B cells was examined. Of the 15 B cell lines examined, 9 cell lines synthesize TNF mRNA constitutively. PMA stimulated most cell lines to accumulate increased amounts of TNF. SeD, 8866P, 32al, RPMI 1788, and four bone marrow-derived EBV-transformed cell lines accumulated high levels of TNF mRNA when stimulated by PMA. TNF production by these cell lines was examined. RPMI 1788 and WIH8 produced little TNF constitutively, but synthesized 5-7 ng/ml TNF when stimulated by PMA. A pre-B cell line, Nalm-6, did not synthesize any detectable amount of TNF mRNA, even with PMA stimulation. Tonsillar B cells could also be stimulated to produce TNF. PMA or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SAC) alone stimulated some TNF mRNA accumulation, whereas B cell growth factor (BCGF) or anti-mu did not. This accumulation was synergistically elevated by the combinations of PMA and SAC, or PMA and anti-mu. BCGF increased PMA-, SAC-, PMA plus SAC-, or PMA plus anti-mu-induced TNF mRNA accumulations about twofold. The accumulation of TNF mRNA in tonsillar B cells stimulated by PMA plus SAC was between 32 and 48 h, the same peak interval as the accumulation of TNF and IL-2 mRNA in tonsillar T cells. This is in contrast to PMA or PMA plus A23187-stimulated RPMI 1788 cells in which TNF mRNA accumulation was maximal at 1-2 h. TNF activities found in tonsillar B cell supernatants correlated with the TNF mRNA levels in the cells. However, more TNF activity was found on the second-day than the third-day supernatants, indicating active TNF uptake by the B cells. Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibited SAC and anti-mu responses in B cells in much the same way as the anti-CD3 responses in T cells. SAC-, PMA plus SAC-, and PMA plus anti-mu-stimulated, but not PMA-stimulated, increases in TNF mRNA accumulations in tonsillar B cells were inhibited by CsA. TNF production seems to increase in parallel with B cell proliferation, but the relationship of these two functions needs to be further examined.
Calnexin retains unassembled major histocompatibility complex class I free heavy chains in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Authors: S Rajagopalan, M B Brenner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The assembly of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules involves the association of heavy (H) chain with beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and peptide. Unassembled class I H chains do not exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and this is exemplified by the beta 2m-deficient human melanoma FO-1 where free class I H chains are unable to complete assembly. In pulse chase experiments involving FO-1 cells, unassembled free class I H chains were shown to be stably associated with calnexin (IP90/p88), a 90-kD integral membrane molecular chaperone of the ER. To establish a role for calnexin in mediating this retention, we transfected FO-1 cells with a cytoplasmic tail deletion mutant of calnexin. Since the cytoplasmic tail contains the ER retention motif, these mutant calnexin molecules leave the ER and progress to the cell surface. In these stable transfectants of FO-1, free class I H chains also exited the ER and trafficked to the cell surface with calnexin, thus establishing a role for calnexin in the quality control of MHC class I assembly through mediating the ER retention of incompletely assembled class I H chains.