tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations of exhaled nitric oxide in pre-term infants with chronic lung disease
Authors: H. L. Roiha, C. E. Kuehni, M. Zanolari, M. Zwahlen, D. N. Baldwin, C. Casaulta, M. Nelle, U. Frey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Animal models suggest that reduced nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity results in lower values of exhaled NO (eNO) present at birth in those individuals who are going to develop chronic lung disease of infancy (CLDI). Online tidal eNO was measured in 39 unsedated pre-term infants with CLDI (mean gestational age (GA) 27.3 weeks) in comparison with 23 healthy pre-term (31.6 weeks) and 127 term infants (39.9 weeks) at 44 weeks post-conceptional age, thus after the main inflammatory response. NO output (NO output ( V′ NO ) = eNO×flow) was calculated to account for tidal- flow-related changes. Sex, maternal atopic disease and environmental factors (smoking, caffeine) were controlled for. The mean eNO was not different (14.9 ppb in all groups) but V′ NO was lower in CLDI compared with healthy term infants (0.52 versus 0.63 nL·s -1 ). Values for healthy pre-term infants were between these two groups (0.58 nL·s -1 ). Within all pre-term infants (n = 62), V′ NO was reduced in infants with low GA, high clinical risk index for babies scores and longer duration of oxygen therapy but not associated with post-natal factors, such as ventilation or corticosteroid treatment. After accounting for flow, the lower nitric oxide output in premature infants with chronic lung disease of infancy is consistent with the hypothesis of nitric oxide metabolism being involved in chronic lung disease of infancy.
Can Protein Kinase C β–Selective Inhibitor, Ruboxistaurin, Stop Vascular Complications in Diabetic Patients?
Authors: Zhiheng He, George L. King
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The life span and quality of life for diabetic patients are adversely affected mostly by systemic vascular injuries leading to nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular pathologies. Both the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study have established that intensive glycemic control can delay the onset and progression of vascular complications (1,2). However, maintaining euglycemia in diabetic patients with present therapeutic agents has been challenging. In addition, recent reports using patients included in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial suggested that previous history of hyperglycemia exposure will cause persistent vascular damage, even years after the resumption of intensive glucose management (3). Thus, it is of great clinical importance to develop therapeutic agents that can prevent vascular damage in diabetic patients, even in the presence of hyperglycemia. Over the last 20 years, there have been numerous studies on the molecular pathogenesis of diabetic vasculopathy. These theories can be separated into two categories, which are focused either on the formation of glucotoxins or on changes in cellular signalings induced by the glucotoxins. Theories on the formation of glucotoxins include 1 ) increased flux via the aldose-reductase pathway (4), 2 ) accelerated formation of advanced glycation end products (5), 3 ) elevated systemic and vascular-derived oxidative stress (4), and 4 ) enhanced flux via the hexosamine pathway (6). Furthermore, glucotoxin can also induce cellular signaling alterations, for example, the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inflammatory signaling cascades such as the nuclear factor-κB pathway to cause vascular diseases (7). Studies using inhibitors to all of these diabetes-altered pathways have shown encouraging results either preventing or inhibiting the progression of vasculopathies in animal models of diabetes. However, clinical studies using inhibitors to many of these pathways have not yielded robust positive results (7).

Among the proposed theories, the …
Novel Association of Elastofibroma with Aortic Stenosis: Report of a Case Report Interfering with a Thoracotomy Procedure and a Reassessment of Typical Patient Demographics and Tumor Location
Authors: Barbara Robinson, Ivayla Geneva, Steve Landas, Robert Michiel, Karen White, Rolfe A. Grage, Charles Lutz, William D. Edwards
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
You Don't Have to Be a Neuroscientist to Forget Everything With Triazolam—But It Helps-Reply
Authors: Harold H. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to the letter by Dr Kushner, the individuals in our report experienced unequivocal anterograde amnesia. There was no historical evidence of retrograde amnesia but it was not specifically tested because these reports were anecdotal. Not all patients with TGA have an "incredible lack of initiative and drive" as Dr Kushner suggests; my most recent patient with TGA (presumed ischemic etiology) drove from Cleveland to Columbus, Ohio, during the episode. In the classic article by Fisher and Adams,<sup>1</sup>several of the cases, including a psychiatrist who saw patients, carried out complicated activities requiring "initiative and drive." Until the exact pathophysiology of TGA is known, it should be considered a syndrome not a disease, and various etiologies might be expected to produce it, such as ischemia, epilepsy, head trauma, migraine, and drugs. The individuals in our article would have met all of Dr Kushner's criteria and none
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Authors: Jerome S. Nosanchuk
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Eighty-five patients with osteogenic sarcoma were treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center between 1933 and 1963. Of these, eight women and five men survived five or more years. Significantly more women survived than men, and no male less than 24 years of age survived four years. When survival data were analyzed in terms of epiphyseal closure in the involved bone, no male with a lesion adjacent to an open epiphysis survived four years, whereas four females with similar lesions survived from 5 to 34 years. Survival was not influenced by site of lesion, tumor size, delay in diagnosis or treatment, or histologic type of tumor.
Adapters in lymphocyte signaling
Authors: Albrecht Leo, Jürgen Wienands, Gottfried Baier, Vaclav Horejsi, Burkhart Schraven
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Adapters in signaling through the TCR Among the best-characterized membrane-associated signaling scaffolds in T cells is the Ca 2+ -initiation complex, which comprises LAT (a TRAP), Gads and SLP-76 (both CAPs), the effector molecules PLCγ1 and Itk (a PTK of the Tec family), and the Grb2/SOS complex, which activates p21 ras (2).The current model for Ca 2+ -
Pharmacology of Vitamin C
Authors: H E Sauberlich
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1994)

A better understanding of the functions of ascorbic acid would help clarify the magnitude of the influence of this vitamin on health-related conditions. Many of the purported benefits require confirmation as well as a knowledge of the mechanism of action. The majority of investigations of the association of vitamin C with various types of cancer, with cardiovascular risk, and with cataract formation were epidemiologic studies. Often it was not possible to discern whether the apparent protective effect was due to vitamin C, vitamin E, or carotene, or to a combined effect of these nutrients or of additional factors. Human intervention trials may provide definitive and quantitative assessments of the role of vitamin C in health maintenance. We need to gain a more thorough understanding of the interactions of vitamin C with other nutrients, such as vitamin E and carotenoids, in order to appreciate the role of vitamin C in disease prevention. Investigators are increasingly recognizing the diverse functions of vitamin C in the body in addition to its role in collagen synthesis. However, the functional consequences of these many important roles of vitamin C remain essentially unknown. Excluding scurvy, the health consequences of inadequate vitamin C status are not well characterized. Nonetheless, epidemiologic evidence suggests a role for vitamin C in cancer and heart disease as well as in a number of other diseases.
Screening for breast cancer
Authors: J Michael Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The feasibility of mass population screening for breast cancer by clinical examination and x-ray mammography was studied. The results indicate that such a programme could be conducted effectively by non-medical staff and be safe from the dangers of irradiation. The response rate of women invited for screening suggests that such a service is acceptable to the general public. The additional work load produced by screening would not overburden the existing surgical services.
Recurrent papillomas of the nipple associated with human papillomavirus 41
Authors: L. KOWALZICK, M. GRIMMEL, U. WEYER, E-M. VILLIERS, M. JANNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

A case is described of a man with multiple papillomas on the nipple that resembled clinically and histologically condylomata acuminata. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 41 DNA sequences were detected in the biopsy material. There was no evidence of any immunodeficiency.
The use of biochemical markers of bone remodeling in multiple myeloma: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group
Authors: E Terpos, M A Dimopoulos, O Sezer, D Roodman, N Abildgaard, R Vescio, P Tosi, R Garcia-Sanz, F Davies, A Chanan-Khan, A Palumbo, P Sonneveld, M T Drake, J-L Harousseau, K C Anderson, B G M Durie
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Potential for Inhalation Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticles from Nanotechnology-Based Cosmetic Powders
Authors: Yevgen Nazarenko, Huajun Zhen, Taewon Han, Paul J. Lioy, Gediminas Mainelis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: The market of nanotechnology-based consumer products is rapidly expanding, and the lack of scientific evidence describing the accompanying exposure and health risks stalls the discussion regarding its guidance and regulation.Objectives: We investigated the potential for human contact and inhalation exposure to nanomaterials when using nanotechnology-based cosmetic powders and compare them with analogous products not marketed as nanotechnology based.Methods: We characterized the products using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser diffraction spectroscopy and found nanoparticles in five of six tested products. TEM photomicrographs showed highly agglomerated states of nanoparticles in the products. We realistically simulated the use of cosmetic powders by applying them to the face of a human mannequin head while simultaneously sampling the released airborne particles through the ports installed in the mannequin's nostrils.Results: We found that a user would be exposed to nanomaterial predominantly through nanoparticle-containing agglomerates larger than the 1–100-nm aerosol fraction.Conclusions: Predominant deposition of nanomaterial(s) will occur in the tracheobronchial and head airways—not in the alveolar region as would be expected based on the size of primary nanoparticles. This could potentially lead to different health effects than expected based on the current understanding of nanoparticle behavior and toxicology studies for the alveolar region.
Intravenous immunoglobulin improves clinical outcome in Churg-Strauss syndrome
Authors: A Padmanabhan
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Danieli MG, Cappelli M, Malcangi G, et al . Long term effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis2004;63:1649–54 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS) is a necrotising vasculitis of medium and small sized vessels clinically characterised by asthma, eosinophilia, and systemic vasculitis associated with circulating antibodies to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antigen (ANCA). The standard treatment of this condition comprises corticosteroids and, in severe cases, cytotoxic drugs. However, this treatment protocol is associated with a high relapse rate and significant drug … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2Bthe%2BRheumatic%2BDiseases%26rft.stitle%253DAnn%2BRheum%2BDis%26rft.issn%253D0003-4967%26rft.aulast%253DDanieli%26rft.auinit1%253DM%2BG%26rft.volume%253D63%26rft.issue%253D12%26rft.spage%253D1649%26rft.epage%253D1654%26rft.atitle%253DLong%2Bterm%2Beffectiveness%2Bof%2Bintravenous%2Bimmunoglobulin%2Bin%2BChurg-Strauss%2Bsyndrome%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fard.2003.015453%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15547090%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=annrheumdis&resid=63/12/1649&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F3%2F225.atom
Coordinated Regulation of Pathways for Enhanced Cell Motility and Chemotaxis Is Conserved in Rat and Mouse Mammary Tumors
Authors: Weigang Wang, Jeffrey B. Wyckoff, Sumanta Goswami, Yarong Wang, Mazen Sidani, Jeffrey E. Segall, John S. Condeelis
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Correlating tumor cell behavior in vivo with patterns of gene expression has led to new insights into the microenvironment of tumor cells in the primary tumor. Until now, these studies have been done with cell line-derived tumors. In the current study, we have analyzed, in polyoma middle T oncogene (PyMT)-derived mammary tumors, tumor cell behavior and gene expression patterns of the invasive subpopulation of tumor cells by multiphoton-based intravital imaging and microarray-based expression profiling, respectively. Our results indicate that the patterns of cell behavior that contribute to invasion and metastasis in the PyMT tumor are similar to those seen previously in rat MTLn3 cell line-derived mammary tumors. The invasive tumor cells collected from PyMT mouse mammary tumors, like their counterparts from rat xenograft mammary tumors, are a population that is relatively nondividing and nonapoptotic but chemotherapy resistant and chemotactic. Changes in the expression of genes that occur uniquely in the invasive subpopulation of tumor cells in the PyMT mammary tumors that fall on the Arp2/3 complex, capping protein and cofilin pathways show a pattern like that seen previously in invasive tumor cells from the MTLn3 cell line-derived tumors. These changes predict an enhanced activity of the cofilin pathway, and this was confirmed in isolated invasive PyMT tumor cells. We conclude that changes in gene expression and their related changes in cell behavior, which were identified in the invasive tumor cells of cell line-derived tumors, are conserved in the invasive tumor cells of PyMT-derived mouse mammary tumors, although these tumor types have different genetic origins.
Diabetes-Associated Mortality in Native Americans
Authors: Jeffrey M Newman, Frank DeStefano, Sarah E Valway, Robert R German, Ben Muneta
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE— To describe diabetes-associated mortality among Native Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— In this population-based study, we analyzed diabetes-associated mortality data from the IHS and the NCHS. We also examined diabetes data from the 1986 NMFS. RESULTS— IHS area-specific diabetes mortality rates for 1984–1986 ranged from 10 to 93/100,000, compared with 15/100,000 for the total U.S. population. NCHS data for the same period listed diabetes as the underlying cause of 708 deaths among Native Americans and the contributory cause of 1252 deaths; 63% of the latter deaths were attributable to circulatory diseases. The 1986 NMFS demonstrated that Native American heritage is underreported by 65% on death certificates. Using deaths identified as Native American by NMFS, the age-adjusted mortality rate for diabetes as the underlying cause for Native Americans (96/100,000) was 4.3 times that for whites and two times that for blacks. Where diabetes was a contributory cause of death, the mortality rate for Native Americans (264/100,000) was 3.7 times that for whites and 2.4 times that for blacks. CONCLUSIONS— The excessive diabetes-associated mortality among Native Americans is consistent with other indicators of the magnitude of the diabetes problem in this population. Further epidemiological research and expanded diabetes control interventions are needed.
NIH research funding does not recognise importance of sex differences
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Highly specific immunoradiometric assays were used to measure plasma concentrations of insulin, proinsulin, and 32-33 split proinsulin in neonates (n = 16). Neonatal plasma insulin concentrations were high relative to blood glucose concentrations and compared with adult insulin-glucose relations. Concentrations of proinsulin and 32-33 split proinsulin together accounted for 34-70% of the total concentration of insulin and pro-peptides. This study confirms the need to use a specific assay and neonatal reference data in the diagnosis of neonatal hyperinsulinism, and shows that neonatal pancreatic beta cell function may differ from that of older subjects.
Physicians, Medical Ethics, and Execution by Lethal Injection
Authors: Robert D. Truog, I. Glenn Cohen, Mark A. Rockoff
Journal: JAMA (2014)

In an opinion dissenting from a Supreme Court decision to deny review in a death penalty case, Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun famously wrote, “From this day forward, I no longer shall tinker with the machinery of death.”1 In the wake of the recent botched execution by lethal injection in Oklahoma, however, a group of eminent legal professionals known as the Death Penalty Committee of The Constitution Project has published a sweeping set of 39 recommendations that not only tinker with, but hope to fix, the multitude of problems that affect this method of capital punishment.2
A Hemorrhagic-Crusted Papule With a Central Crater on the Heel
Authors: Erin N. Wilmer, Gladys H. Telang, Lionel G. Bercovitch
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

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Effects of RNA editing and gene processing on phylogenetic reconstruction
Authors: L. M. Bowe, C. W. dePamphilis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

RNA editing is a ubiquitous phenomenon affecting most mitochondrial and chloroplast, and some nuclear genomes, where mutations in genomic DNA are "corrected" in the mRNA during transcriptional processing. Most editing in plants and animals corrects T-to-C substitutions at nonsynonymous first or second base positions, and the overall effect is an mRNA and protein sequence that differs from that predicted by the DNA. It has been suggested that genomic sequences that undergo editing should not be used in phylogenetics. We contend that editing will have little or no effect on DNA-based phylogenetic reconstruction because it is an intrinsic transcriptional process that does not affect the historical information in the DNA sequence. The only effect of editing on protein-coding DNA should be an increase in the rate of T-to-C transitions. Here we test the effects of RNA editing on phylogenetic reconstruction, using two data sets with high levels of editing, plant coxII and coxIII. Even with high levels of editing, phylogenies based on DNA and edited mRNA are virtually identical. The two types of sequences should not be used in the same analysis, however, because the particular forms of the gene will tend to group together. We also examine the effects of processed paralogs--a term proposed for mRNA sequences that are reverse transcribed and reinserted into the genome as intact gene sequences. Processed paralogs result in a distinct and under-appreciated source of conflict among gene trees because of RNA editing. Analyses with unidentified processed paralogs may yield incorrect phylogenies, and the sequences may evolve at different rates if the gene has been transferred from one genetic compartment (nuclear, mitochondrial, chloroplast) to another. Although RNA editing itself is not a problem in phylogenetic reconstruction, analyses should not combine mRNAs with DNAs, and processed paralogs should be either excluded or analyzed with caution.
THE NEED OF A NEW SCALE FOR THE CLINICAL THERMOMETER.
Authors: L. D. PEEBLES
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I desire to call the attention of the profession to the fact that an improvement in the means of quickly and accurately determining any deviation from the normal temperature is possible. By the present method, when a temperature is 96.8 degrees it takes at least a little time to find that it is 1.6 degrees below normal. If it is 102.4 degrees it likewise requires more than a glance to see that there are four degrees of fever. In the improvement that I suggest the exact amount above or below normal is at once seen, as I would have on the new scale the letter N to represent normal, which on the present scale is 98.4 degrees, and have it marked off in full degrees, with fifths above and below. Thus a temperature of 102.4 degrees on the present scale would be exactly four degrees above normal on the new
Sleep Deprivation and Performance of Residents: The Power of the Study
Authors: John M. Pascoe
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the comments<sup>1</sup>elicited by the article by Deaconson et al<sup>2</sup>on sleep deprivation among residents. Frankly, I was surprised that no one challenged the power statement of Deaconson et al. It read: The study was designed to detect a difference as small as 10% or less for each of the five psychometric tests. That is, when comparing sleep-deprived and non—sleep-deprived subjects, there is a 90% chance (power equals 0.90) of detecting a difference for each of the five variables when there is only a 10% difference between the two sleep states. Note the sample sizes of 10 subjects in August, 9 in September, and only 7 in October! When the outcome is a continuous variable (eg, scores on a psychometric test), power is determined by the effect size (in this study the authors chose 10%), alpha error (.05), and characteristics of the