tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-30d promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting Galphai2 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jian Yao, Linhui Liang, Shenglin Huang, Jie Ding, Ning Tan, Yingjun Zhao, Mingxia Yan, Chao Ge, Zhenfeng Zhang, Taoyang Chen, Dafang Wan, Ming Yao, Jinjun Li, Jianren Gu, Xianghuo He
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The pathological relevance and significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatocarcinogenesis have attracted much attention in recent years; however, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms through which miRNAs are involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we demonstrate that miR-30d is frequently up-regulated in HCC and that its expression is highly associated with the intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. Furthermore, the enhanced expression of miR-30d could promote HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and intrahepatic and distal pulmonary metastasis in vivo , while silencing its expression resulted in a reduced migration and invasion. Galphai2 (GNAI2) was identified as the direct and functional target of miR-30d with integrated bioinformatics analysis and messenger RNA array assay. This regulation was further confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. In addition, our results, for the first time, showed that GNAI2 was frequently suppressed in HCC by way of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining assays. The increase of the GNAI2 expression significantly inhibits, whereas knockdown of the GNAI2 expression remarkably enhances HCC cell migration and invasion, indicating that GNAI2 functions as a metastasis suppressor in HCC. The restoration of GNAI2 can inhibit miR-30d–induced HCC cell invasion and metastasis. Conclusion: The newly identified miR-30d/GNAI2 axis elucidates the molecular mechanism of HCC cell invasion and metastasis and represents a new potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment. (Hepatology 2010.)
Staphylococcal Septicaemia Treated with Penicillin
Authors: T. Schlossberg
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Staphylococcal Septicaemia treated with PenicillinThe following record of a case of septicaemia which responded to treatment with penicillin may be of interest.CASE HISTORY The patient, a lance-corporal aged 21, had been treated for sinusitis two months before the present illness, and had had 'several examinations on account of chronic cough; these were Tb.-negative.Two weeks before admission to hospital he had had a boil on the neck, which healed on being opened and drained.Five days before admission he reported sick with acute pain over the right sacro-iliac region.There were no other symptoms, and no pyrexia.He was treated at home with local heat.An unusual feature was the extreme I would like to thank Mr.
Panorama: Love Hurts
Authors: Christiane Rehwagen
Journal: BMJ (2005)

BBC 1, 16 October at 10 15 pm Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In the past 10 years sexually transmitted infections (STIs) almost vanished from public consciousness in the United Kingdom. After fairly successful campaigns in the 1980s the problem of STIs seemed, mistakenly, to have been banished. For at a time when more sexual partners and risks at a much earlier age are common practice, UK genitourinary medicine clinics are struggling to meet demand. Panorama began its report about STIs with an early morning visit to a small clinic in Sheffield, where the phones were ringing without interruption and where the receptionist's standard reply to callers was "Earliest … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
ErbB2 is essential in the prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Steven A. Crone, You-Yang Zhao, Lian Fan, Yusu Gu, Susumu Minamisawa, Yang Liu, Kirk L. Peterson, Ju Chen, Ronald Kahn, Gianluigi Condorelli, John Ross Jr, Kenneth R. Chien, Kuo-Fen Lee
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Selective induction of an immune response in human external secretions by ingestion of bacterial antigen.
Authors: J Mestecky, J R McGhee, R R Arnold, S M Michalek, S J Prince, J L Babb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Ingestion of capsules which contained killed Streptococcus mutans by four healthy human subjects led to the appearance of specific antibodies in external secretions. Salivary and lacrymal antibodies were detected within 1 wk of ingestion and continued to increase throughout a 14-day immunization period, with a gradual decline during the 2 ensuing months. A second period of immunization resulted in a pronounced increase of specific antibody levels which occurred earlier than in the primary immunization period and reached peak levels by day 10. No change was detected in serum antibody levels throughout either immunization period. The antibody activity in all secretions was associated with the immunoglobulin A class, as determined by immunochemical analyses. These data indicate that ingestion of bacterial antigens selectively stimulates the immune response in secretions.
Effective Treatment of Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis with Oral Tetracycline
Authors: William W. Culbertson, Andrew J.W. Huang, Sid H. Mandelbaum, Stephen C. Pflugfelder, George T. Boozalis, Darlene Miller
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)

Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics, possible etiologic agents, and response to oral antibiotic therapy in patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Methods: The authors reviewed the medical records of the 17 patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis who were seen and treated at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 1981 and 1991. Results: All 17 patients were younger than 18 years of age at the onset of their disease. Girls (n =14) outnumbered boys (n = 3) 4:1. Significant incapacitating symptoms and ocular morbidity occurred frequently, including three perforated corneas. Five of ten patients who were tested for Chlamydia infection had positive test results and five patients possibly had early rosacea dermatitis. All patients experienced long-term remission of their ocular disease after a course of oral tetracycline or erythromycin. Two patients demonstrated unique linear (fascicular) corneal phlyctenules. Conclusion: Oral tetracycline or erythromycin treatment produces long-lasting remission of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in affected children. Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics, possible etiologic agents, and response to oral antibiotic therapy in patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Methods: The authors reviewed the medical records of the 17 patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis who were seen and treated at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 1981 and 1991. Results: All 17 patients were younger than 18 years of age at the onset of their disease. Girls (n =14) outnumbered boys (n = 3) 4:1. Significant incapacitating symptoms and ocular morbidity occurred frequently, including three perforated corneas. Five of ten patients who were tested for Chlamydia infection had positive test results and five patients possibly had early rosacea dermatitis. All patients experienced long-term remission of their ocular disease after a course of oral tetracycline or erythromycin. Two patients demonstrated unique linear (fascicular) corneal phlyctenules. Conclusion: Oral tetracycline or erythromycin treatment produces long-lasting remission of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in affected children.
Hyperferritinemia in reactive hemophagocytic syndrome report of four adult cases
Authors: Prasad Rao Koduri, Godofredo Carandang, Patricia Demarais, Ashok R. Patel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Four patients were diagnosed with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (RHPS) during a 7 month period. Of these, three patients were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated by disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, incompletely treated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and disseminated histoplasmosis respectively. The fourth patient had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mature T-cell phenotype. Fever, bicytopenia, or pancytopenia, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (> 1,000 IU/L), and hemophagocytic histiocytosis in smears of bone marrow aspirate were present in all patients. Hyperferritinemia (> 10,000 ng/ml) was present in all (range 34,976 to 425,984 ng/mL) and showed a decrease in the two patients who responded to therapy. Hyperferritinemia (> 10,000 ng/ml) and elevated serum LDH (> 1,000 IU/L) are important clues to the diagnosis of RHPS in the febrile cytopenic patient with immunodeficiency.
Tc-99m–Labeled Somatostatin Receptor-Binding Peptide Imaging for a Pulmonary Nodule
Authors: RICHARD S. MOREHEAD, WEI-JEN SHIH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 76-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a smoking history had a 2-cm solitary pulmonary nodule that was likely to be malignant. He underwent Tc-99m–labeled somatostatin receptor-binding peptide SPECT. A computed tomographic–guided transthoracic needle biopsy performed before the SPECT was nondiagnostic. SPECT showed increased uptake of the tracer by the nodule, which was subsequently found to be adenocarcinoma by surgical resection. Differentiation of malignant from benign nodules by Tc-99m–labeled somatostatin imaging may be a reasonable approach in patients at high risk for cancer and concurrently at increased risk for complications from invasive diagnostic procedures or surgical resection.
Effect of weight loss on cytokine messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Vanessa D.F. de Mello, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Ursula Schwab, Ursula Mager, David E. Laaksonen, Leena Pulkkinen, Leo Niskanen, Helena Gylling, Mustafa Atalay, Rainer Rauramaa, Matti Uusitupa
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Chromogranin A processing and secretion: specific role of endogenous and exogenous prohormone convertases in the regulated secretory pathway.
Authors: N L Eskeland, A Zhou, T Q Dinh, H Wu, R J Parmer, R E Mains, D T O'Connor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II are a family of acidic proteins found in neuroendocrine secretory vesicles; these proteins contain multiple potential cleavage sites for proteolytic processing by the mammalian subtilisin-like serine endoproteases PC1 and PC2 (prohormone convertases 1 and 2), and furin. We explored the role of these endoproteases in chromogranin processing in AtT-20 mouse pituitary corticotropes. Expression of inducible antisense PC1 mRNA virtually abolished PC1 immunoreactivity on immunoblots. Chromogranin A immunoblots revealed chromogranin A processing, from both the NH2 and COOH termini, in both wild-type AtT-20 and AtT-20 antisense PC1 cells. After antisense PC1 induction, an approximately 66-kD chromogranin A NH2-terminal fragment as well as the parent chromogranin A molecule accumulated, while an approximately 50 kD NH2-terminal and an approximately 30 kD COOH-terminal fragment declined in abundance. Chromogranin B and secretogranin II immunoblots showed no change after PC1 reduction. [35S]Methionine/cysteine pulse-chase metabolic labeling in AtT-20 antisense PC1 and antisense furin cells revealed reciprocal changes in secreted chromogranin A COOH-terminal fragments (increased approximately 82 kD and decreased approximately 74 kD forms, as compared with wild-type AtT-20 cells) indicating decreased cleavage, while AtT-20 cells overexpressing PC2 showed increased processing to and secretion of approximately 71 and approximately 27 kD NH2-terminal chromogranin A fragments. Antisense PC1 specifically abolished regulated secretion of both chromogranin A and beta-endorphin in response to the usual secretagogue, corticotropin-releasing hormone. Moreover, immunocytochemistry demonstrated a relative decrease of chromogranin A in processes (where regulated secretory vesicles accumulate) of AtT-20 cells overexpressing either PC1 or PC2. These results demonstrate that chromogranin A is a substrate for the endogenous endoproteases PC1 and furin in vivo, and that such processing influences its trafficking into the regulated secretory pathway; furthermore, lack of change in chromogranin B and secretogranin II cleavage after diminution of PCl suggests that the action of PC1 on chromogranin A may be specific within the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family.
Use of Tolbutamide in Insulin-Resistant Diabetes
Authors: Ernest O. Friedlander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

EXTENSIVE clinical and experimental research has been carried out with the new hypoglycemic sulfonylureas to elucidate the mode and site of their action, which up to now has not been conclusively established. Although it is generally agreed that these drugs may be substituted, on the average, for about 20 to 40 units of insulin, I have been able, with the help of tolbutamide,‡ to reduce the daily insulin requirement of a patient with insulin-resistant diabetes on one occasion from 2000 units to 450 units and on another occasion from 900 units to 200 units — that is, to about 25 . . .
Swiss-type Agammaglobulinaemia and Achondroplasia
Authors: J. A. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1967)

We are surprised that in the majority of their cases the common bile duct was sufficiently dilated to allow a 2-cm.transverse incision (producing about a 1.5-cm.stoma after two-layered anastomosis) and also surprised that with a stoma that size they had no cases of cholangitis.On preliminary review, our experience is that a 2.5-cm.stoma is advisable, as recommended by Capper,' and this can be obtained in most cases only by a longitudinal incision in the common bile duct and a transverse (or, preferably, longitudinal) incision in the duodenum.The importance of the larger stoma seems to be to allow free return of duodenal contents from the common bile duct rather than to prevent stenosis, but we are investigating these points further.-Weare, etc.,
Active management of myocardial infarction
Authors: L O Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Active management of myocardial infarction Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
ABC of mental health: Mental health on the margins
Authors: P. Timms, J. Balazs
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Mental illness and homelessnessPeople with mental illness have always been marginalised and economically disadvantaged, and deprived inner city areas have excessive rates of severe mental illness.Homelessness is the most marginalised end of the spectrum of poverty, and here are found disproportionate numbers of mentally ill people.Homeless people do not constitute a homogenous population: disparate groups have widely differing needs.The mental health needs of people living in "traditional" homeless lifestyles have elicited particular concern.We focus on the situation in Britain, but similar problems exist in most Western industrialised nations. Size of the problemReliable estimates of the numbers of homeless people are notoriously difficult to come by.The 1991 census concluded that about 3000 people were sleeping out and 20000 were living in hostels for the homeless, but these figures are now recognised to have been underestimates.In addition, 169966 households were registered as statutorily homeless in 1992.Although the absolute numbers are small, homeless people place disproportionately large demands on services.Compared with the general population, at least twice as many homeless people have some kind of important mental health problem. Nature of the problemThere are no mental illnesses or emotional problems unique to homeless people.They suffer from the same disorders as the general population, but there are three main differences.Prevalence of all mental disorders is higher.Psychosis is overrepresented by a factor of 20 or 30 in hostel populations.Social support and resources that are necessary for health, and taken for granted by most people, simply do not exist.Contact with helping services, including primary care, is likely to have been lost, and homeless people are unlikely to be receiving treatment. Many homeless people show signs of mental illnessHomelessness is often a consequence of severe mental illness
Age Trends of Lung Cancer Stage at Diagnosis
Authors: Mark A. O'Rourke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Lung cancer increases in incidence with increasing age and is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. While mass screening for lung cancer is not indicated, selective screening of high-risk target groups may be beneficial. We tested the hypothesis that lung cancer is initially seen at a less advanced stage with increasing age using incidence cases (N = 22874) from the Centralized Cancer Patient Data System. The percent of lung cancer patients with local stage disease increased from 15.3% of those aged 54 years or younger, to 19.2% of those aged 55 to 64 years, to 21.9% of those aged 65 to 74 years, and to 25.4% of those aged 75 years or older. The percent with distant stage decreased from 48.7%, to 44.5%, to 40.3%, and to 36.7% for the same age groups, respectively. These age-stage trends persisted in subgroup analysis by sex, race, and histological subtype. Furthermore, analysis of 6332 patients who underwent surgical staging showed a greater likelihood of local stage disease with increasing age. Thus, compared with the young, the group aged 65 years or older is at a greater risk for lung cancer and has a higher proportion of lung cancer initially seen at local stage. The efficacy of selective screening for lung cancer in this target group warrants additional study. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:921-926)
Longer, better studies of coronary stents are needed, FDA tells industry
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

After a year of controversy over the relative safety of drug eluting stents and bare metal stents, the US Food and Drug Administration has issued guidance to the industry on the development and testing of stents.

It recommends that all clinical trials should have a follow-up period of 12 months, instead of the current nine months, and that a data monitoring committee should continuously review all studies of drug eluting stents. The agency, which issued the guidance last week, will accept public comments on the recommendations for 120 days before it issues its final guidance.

Daniel Schultz, director of the agency’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health, said that the draft guidance “is part of …
501 DOES HIGH MAGNIFICATION COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL MAGNIFICATION COLLAGEN PROPORTIONATE AREA ALTER ITS SENSITIVITY IN ASSESSING THE AMOUNT OF FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE?
Authors: L. Andreana, G. Isgró, M. Garcovich, A.K. Burroughs, A.P. Dhillon, T.V. Luong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
CLINICAL, ANGIOGRAPHIC AND PROCEDURAL PREDICTORS OF PERIPROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS IN CORONARY CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION PCI
Authors: Vishal Patel, Tesfaldet Michael, Owen Mogabgab, Eric Fuh, Nathan Lo, Shuaib Abdullah, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Gall stones induced by octreotide.
Authors: S. M. Catnach, J. A. Wass, J. V. Anderson, M. Besser, P. Fairclough, H. Hussaini, H. Dowling
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Gall stones induced by octreotide EDITOR, -The beneficial effects of treatment with octreotide are accompanied by an increased risk of gall stones.Grant W Bigg-Wither and colleagues found that in 22 patients (13 of whom had acromegaly) octreotide increased the fasting gall bladder volume; they propose that this may predispose to the formation of gall stones.'We believe, however, that this is unlikely to be the main factor in the pathogenesis of gall stones induced by octreotide.We have measured fasting gall bladder volumes in nine acromegalic patients before and after octreotide and found no significant increase during treatment.2Furthermore, although the fasting gall bladder volume in 31 untreated acromegalic patients was 30% larger than that in normal subjects, we found only a minor increase in the prevalence of gall stones.3Octreotide impairs contraction ofthe gall bladder in response to a fatty meal and increases the residual volume of the gall bladder.This might be expected to promote the formation of stones because of relative stasis of the gall bladder.The residual volume of the gall bladder in untreated acromegalic patients, however, is three times that ofnormal subjects and yet the increase in gall stone prevalence in these individuals is small.Our data suggest that although a reduction in gall bladder emptying may well play a role in the formation of stones, an increased fasting gall bladder volume is not a major factor in their pathogenesis.Native somatostatin increases the cholesterol saturation in bile,4 and we have found similar changes in acromegalic patients with gall stones associated with octreotide.5These observations suggest that changes in bile chemistry may be at least as important as motor dysfunction of the gall bladder in the pathogenesis ofgall stones induced by octreotide.
Patient-reported outcomes in chronic hepatitis C patients with cirrhosis treated with sofosbuvir-containing regimens
Authors: Zobair M. Younossi, Maria Stepanova, Fatema Nader, Ira M. Jacobson, Ed Gane, David Nelson, Eric Lawitz, Sharon L. Hunt
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Whether the presence of cirrhosis influences patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including health-related quality of life, during treatment with newly available anti-HCV (hepatitis C virus) regimens is unclear. Our aim was to assess the association of cirrhosis with PROs in patients treated with sofosbuvir (SOF)-containing regimens. Four PRO questionnaires (Short Form-36 [SF-36], Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue [FACIT-F], Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-HCV (CLDQ-HCV), and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem [WPAI-SHP]) were administered to subjects receiving SOF and ribavirin (RBV; FUSION trial, N = 201, 34% cirrhosis; VALENCE trial: N = 333, 21% cirrhosis) and SOF, RBV, and pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN; NEUTRINO trial: N = 327, 17% cirrhosis). HCV patients with cirrhosis showed significant impairment of PROs before initiation of treatment. During treatment, patients with cirrhosis treated with the IFN-free regimen experienced moderate decline in their PRO scores (0.6%-5.2% on a normalized scale of the summary scores; all P &gt; 0.02). In contrast, patients with cirrhosis treated with IFN-containing regimen showed decline in PRO scores that ranged from 3.4% to 16.0% (all P &lt; 0.005). Nevertheless, by follow-up week 12, no PRO decrement from baseline was observed in patients with cirrhosis regardless of the treatment regimen. Furthermore, in patients with cirrhosis with HCV who achieved sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR-12), some improvement in PROs from baseline was observed. During treatment, changes in PRO scores were similar between patients with and without cirrhosis for both treatment regimens (all P &gt; 0.05). Independent predictors of lower PROs in patients with cirrhosis included baseline depression, anxiety, fatigue, high HCV viral load, female gender, and receiving IFN-containing treatment. Conclusions: Treatment with SOF+RBV with or without Peg-IFN is tolerated by HCV patients with and without cirrhosis in terms of their PRO scores. After achieving SVR-12 with the IFN-free regimen, patients with cirrhosis showed improvement in some aspects of their PROs. (Hepatology 2014;59:2161–2169)