tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelium-mediated coronary blood flow modulation in humans. Effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension.
Authors: A M Zeiher, H Drexler, B Saurbier, H Just
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia on vascular function of the coronary circulation were studied by subselective intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine, which releases endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and papaverine, which directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle, in normal patients (n = 18; no risk factors for coronary artery disease), in patients with evidence of early atherosclerosis but normal cholesterol levels and normal blood pressure (n = 12), in patients with hypertension without left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 12), and in patients with hypercholesterolemia (n = 20). Papaverine-induced maximal increases in coronary blood flow were significantly greater in normals, but no differences were noted between the groups of patients with early atherosclerosis, with hypertension, and with hypercholesterolemia. The capacity of the coronary system to increase blood flow in response to acetylcholine was similar in normal and normocholesterolemic patients with epicardial atherosclerosis and/or hypertension but was significantly impaired in patients with hypercholesterolemia, irrespective of evidence of epicardial atherosclerotic lesions. Age (r = -0.62, P < 0.0001) and total serum cholesterol levels (r = -0.70; P < 0.0001) were the only significant independent predictors of a blunted coronary blood flow response to acetylcholine. Thus, hypercholesterolemia and advanced age selectively impair endothelium-mediated relaxation of the coronary microvasculature in response to acetylcholine, whereas endothelial dysfunction is restricted to epicardial arteries in age-matched normocholesterolemic patients with evidence of coronary atherosclerosis and/or hypertension.
Bleeding prophylaxis after polypectomy by colonoscopic application of a detachable snare with a mucosectomy cap
Authors: M. Zachäus, U. Künzel, U. Halm
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 4-cm pedunculated polyp ([Fig. 1 ] a) was discovered in the sigmoid colon of a 70-year-old patient who presented with anemia. Application of a detachable snare before removal of a polyp can prevent bleeding [1] [2] [3] but was not possible in this case because of the size of the polyp head and the softness of the snare. A polypectomy snare was successfully placed over the polyp head because this snare was stiffer. After injection of 6 ml saline with epinephrine into the stalk, polypectomy was performed. After polypectomy, multiple vessels were seen at the base of the polypectomy site without bleeding ([Fig. 1 ] b).
Downregulation of KLF6 is an early event in hepatocarcinogenesis, and stimulates proliferation while reducing differentiation
Authors: Sigal Kremer-Tal, Goutham Narla, Yingbei Chen, Eldad Hod, Analisa DiFeo, Steven Yea, Ju-Seog Lee, Myron Schwartz, Swan N. Thung, Isabel M. Fiel, Michaela Banck, Eran Zimran, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Jordi Bruix, John A. Martignetti, Josep M. Llovet, Scott L. Friedman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The Effect of Food on Drug Bioavailability
Authors: R D Toothaker, P G Welling
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1980)

The recent literature concerning interactions between ingested food and orally administered drugs, and the resulting effects on the rate and extent of drug absorption, has been reviewed. As was observed previously (1, 2) food has been shown to have a variable effect on drug absorption, and the observed changes are not entirely predictable from a mechanistic viewpoint. While drug-food interactions are shown to give rise to a variety of effects, the majority of reported interactions give rise to either reduced or delayed drug profiles in the circulation. With some drugs such as nitrofurantoin, doxycycline, and lithium, the presence of food increases clinical efficacy by reducing the incidence of local GI side effects. While there appear to be no reports of increases or decreases in the actual therapeutic efficacy of drugs due to food, the frequency of food related changes in drug bioavailability, and the magnitude of some of the effects, suggests that observed changes in drug absorption are likely to have profound clinical consequences particularly with drugs that have low therapeutic indices, steep dose-response curves, or clearly defined therapeutic or toxic levels in the body. The review provides further evidence of the need for greater control in the relationship between drug administration and food ingestion.
Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy
Authors: Robert M. Goldwyn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

LESS than a decade ago, reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy was still controversial and uncommon. Today it is a much more accepted treatment, and the demand for it is increasing sharply. An estimated 98,000 breast reconstructions were performed in 1984 in the United States, as compared with 20,000 in 1981.1 Several factors are responsible for this change: the development of better, safer techniques and the availability of more surgeons able to perform them; the perception by the medical profession that breast reconstruction neither promotes metastases nor obscures recurrences but benefits the patient psychologically; dissemination of information about breast reconstruction . . .
Implications of Childhood Sexual Abuse for Adult Borderline Personality Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Linda M. McLean, Ruth Gallop
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether women with a history of early-onset sexual abuse or those with late-onset sexual abuse were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for both borderline personality disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: The Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and the Trauma Assessment Package were administered to 65 women from three outpatient clinics in a metropolitan area. Thirty-eight subjects met criteria for early-onset abuse, while 27 subjects met criteria for late-onset abuse. RESULTS: The diagnoses of both borderline personality disorder and complex PTSD were significantly higher in women reporting early-onset abuse than in those with late-onset abuse. The trauma variables sexual abuse and paternal incest were significant predictors of both diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to those with comorbid diagnoses, some women with a history of childhood sexual abuse may be extricated from the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and subsumed under that of complex PTSD.
HFE gene mutation (C282Y) and phenotypic expression among a hospitalised population in a high prevalence area of haemochromatosis
Authors: S Distante
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Previous studies have shown that up to 0.5% of the Caucasian population is homozygous for the HFE gene C282Y mutation. High prevalence values have been reported in Northern Europe. To what extent the presence of this mutation is associated with overt clinical haemochromatosis is unclear. <h3>AIM</h3> To determine the prevalence of the C282Y allele in a hospitalised population of an acute medical department, and study the phenotypic expression in the homozygotes. <h3>METHODS</h3> Blood samples were obtained from 2027 hospitalised patients; 1900 Caucasians and 127 non-Caucasians. Serum iron, transferrin, and ferritin were measured at admission. The presence of the HFE gene mutation was determined by polymerase chain reaction based analysis. Follow up fasting blood samples were obtained from patients homozygous for the mutation. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Fourteen of the 1900 Caucasian subjects (0.74%) were homozygous and 224 (11.8%) were heterozygous for the C282Y mutation, including 32 subjects (1.7%) who were compound heterozygous for the C282Y and H63D mutations. Ten of 14 (71%) homozygous patients displayed mild to moderate biochemical expression of haemochromatosis with a serum ferritin level &lt;550 μg/l, two (14%) patients were "non expressing", and two of five in whom liver biopsies were carried out had cirrhosis, including one with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The prevalence of C282Y homozygosity in a hospitalised population was 0.74%. However, the majority of homozygous patients displayed mild to moderate biochemical expression. C282Y mutation screening may detect individuals that do not develop haemochromatosis. Transferrin saturation and ferritin, which are used as first line screening in haemochromatosis, may be highly unreliable in the presence of an inflammatory process.
UTILITY OF TWO METHODS OF CALCULATING ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX IN DETECTING BELOW KNEE PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE CONFIRMED BY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Vinodh Jeevanantham, Bassem Chehab, Rakesh Shrivastava, Mark Wiley, Peter Tadros, Jayant Nath, Buddhadeb Dawn, Kamal Gupta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
TCT-667 Restenosis after coronary stenting in 10,004 patients with follow-up angiography
Authors: Salvatore Cassese, Robert Byrne, Julinda Mehilli, Stephanie Schulz, Tomohisa Tada, Lamin King, Susanne Pinieck, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase and neuraminidase activities can be mediated by the same enzymes.
Authors: S Schenkman, L Pontes de Carvalho, V Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Trans-sialidase and neuraminidase activities have been detected on the surface membrane of trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, and both have been implicated in the parasite's invasion of host cells. We show here that these enzymes are structurally related. They are recognized by two independently derived monoclonal antibodies, are anchored to the membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol, copurify by ion exchange, molecular sieving, and hydrophobic chromatography, have maximal activities between pH 6.5 and 7.5, and are inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C. Furthermore, the neuraminidase and trans-sialidase reactions are coupled. An increase of the concentration of acceptors of the transfer reaction decreases the amount of free sialic acid released through the neuraminidase reaction. We conclude that a single enzyme can catalyze the transfer or the hydrolysis of macromolecular-bound sialic acid. The predominant direction of the reaction will depend on the availability of appropriate oligosaccharide acceptors of sialic acid.
This St Patrick's Day Finds No Lack of Controversy at Irish Medical Journal
Authors: John F. Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (IMJ) died in December 1987 and, by most accounts, it was not a pleasant death. The reasons for its sudden and traumatic demise—and recent resurrection—are many and conflicting, depending on the source.  Death for the medical monthly came after a distinguished and uninterrupted 50 years of publication. It had gained the reputation both inside and outside the Republic of Ireland as the authentic scientific and medical forum for the country's physicians.  What actually killed the journal was a vote taken in October 1987 at the annual meeting in Kilkenny of the Irish Medical Organization (IMO). The IMO, which publishes the journal, is a physician's trade union dedicated to ensuring the professional and economic status of its members.  The organization's treasurer delivered a report that indicated that the journal was deeply in the red and that its future looked bleak. Although only a small minority of the
The role of positron emission tomography with<sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in respiratory oncology
Authors: J.F. Vansteenkiste, S.G. Stroobants
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

In the past 5 yrs, positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has become an important imaging modality in lung cancer patients. At this time, the indication of FDG-PET as a complimentary tool to computed tomography in the diagnosis and staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer has gradually gained more widespread acceptance and also reimbursement in many European countries. This review focuses on the data of FDG-PET in the diagnosis of lung nodules and masses, and in locoregional and extrathoracic staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Emphasis is put on the potential clinical implementation of the currently available FDG-PET data. The use of FDG-PET in these indications now needs further validation in large-scale multicentre randomized studies, focusing mainly on treatment outcome parameters, survival and cost-efficacy. Interesting findings with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography have also been reported for the evaluation of response to radio- or chemotherapy, in radiotherapy planning, recurrence detection and assessment of prognosis. Finally, a whole new field of application of positron emission tomography in molecular biology, using new radiopharmaceuticals, is under extensive investigation.
Dietary Fiber Intake, Dietary Glycemic Load, and the Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cuilin Zhang, Simin Liu, Caren G. Solomon, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—We aimed to examine whether pregravid dietary fiber consumptions from cereal, fruit, and vegetable sources and dietary glycemic load were related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study was a prospective cohort study among 13,110 eligible women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. GDM was self-reported and validated by medical record review in a subsample. RESULTS—We documented 758 incident GDM cases during 8 years of follow-up. After adjustment for age, parity, prepregnancy BMI, and other covariates, dietary total fiber and cereal and fruit fiber were strongly associated with GDM risk. Each 10-g/day increment in total fiber intake was associated with 26% (95% CI 9–49) reduction in risk; each 5-g/day increment in cereal or fruit fiber was associated with a 23% (9–36) or 26% (5–42) reduction, respectively. Dietary glycemic load was positively related to GDM risk. Multivariate relative risk for highest versus lowest quintiles was 1.61 (1.02–2.53) (P for trend 0.03). The combination of high–glycemic load and low–cereal fiber diet was associated with 2.15-fold (1.04–4.29) increased risk compared with the reciprocal diet. CONCLUSIONS—These findings suggested that prepregnancy diet might be associated with women’s GDM risk. In particular, diet with low fiber and high glycemic load was associated with an increased risk. Future clinical and metabolic studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Leaning Forward Into a Question
Authors: John Graber
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brain Imaging: Aging and Dementia
Authors: Neal R. Cutler, Ranjan Duara, Helen Creasey, Cheryl L. Grady, James V. Haxby, Mark B. Schapiro, Stanley I. Rapoport
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

The brain imaging techniques of positron emission tomography using [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and computed tomography, together with neuropsychological tests, were used to examine overall brain function and anatomy in three study populations: healthy men at different ages, patients with presumptive Alzheimer's disease, and adults with Down's syndrome. Brain glucose use did not differ with age, whereas an age-related decrement in gray matter volume was found on computed tomographic assessment in healthy subjects. Memory deficits were found to precede significant reductions in brain glucose utilization in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia. Furthermore, differences between language and visuoconstructive impairments in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease were related to hemispheric asymmetry of brain metabolism. Brain glucose utilization was found to be significantly elevated in young adults with Down's syndrome, compared with controls. The importance of establishing strict criteria for selecting control subjects and patients is explained in relation to the findings.
Ulcerative Colitis: Puzzles within Puzzles
Authors: Joseph B. Kirsner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A science newswriter recently characterized ulcerative colitis as a "disease of puzzles within puzzles," a designation amply confirmed by three papers in this issue of the Journal. The paper by Jalan and his colleagues on the possible influence of corticosteroids on the course of colectomy and ileostomy, perineal-wound healing and complications updates a familiar and largely unresolved controversy. For nearly 20 years steroids have been implicated in a variety of therapeutic complications — at times documented by evidence and at others based only on arbitrary impressions. The authors' conclusion that steroids did not adversely influence the outcome of surgery . . .
Bone lesions in systemic acne (acne fulminans)
Authors: B.P. O'MALLEY, I. ANDERSON, F.D. ROSENTHAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

An 18-year-old West Indian male presented with severe sternal pain and an exacerbation of facial acne. Radiographs of the sternum revealed several lytic lesions which appeared as hot areas on succes-sive technetium bone scans. Painful areas over the right iliac crest and left greater trochanter likewise appeared as transient hot areas on successive scans. Histology of affected bone revealed reactive changes only. High dose prednisolone provided rapid alleviation of pain, which recurred on reducing the dose to less than 10 mg daily. Auto-immune complex disease has been considered the most likely aetiological mechanism of systemic acne (acne fulminans), but lytic lesions of bone have never previously been reported in auto-immune disorders.
Treatment of Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest with Induced Hypothermia
Authors: Stephen A. Bernard, Timothy W. Gray, Michael D. Buist, Bruce M. Jones, William Silvester, Geoff Gutteridge, Karen Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Cardiac arrest outside the hospital is common and has a poor outcome. Studies in laboratory animals suggest that hypothermia induced shortly after the restoration of spontaneous circulation may improve neurologic outcome, but there have been no conclusive studies in humans. In a randomized, controlled trial, we compared the effects of moderate hypothermia and normothermia in patients who remained unconscious after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
An Outbreak of Pontiac Fever Related to Whirlpool Use, Michigan 1982
Authors: Ellen J. Mangione
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Fourteen of 23 female members of a church group experienced an acute self-limited illness characterized by chills, fever, chest pain, cough, and nausea, consistent with the diagnosis of Pontiac fever. All 14 affected women had used a whirlpool located in the women's locker room during a racquetball party. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 was isolated from the women's whirlpool. Nine of 14 cases showed a seroconversion to heat-fixed antigen prepared from the L pneumophila serogroup 6 isolate. Aerosol size studies show that the whirlpool aerator produced water droplets small enough to travel deep into the tracheobronchial tree but large enough to transport L pneumophila. This outbreak demonstrated that Pontiac fever may be associated with L pneumophila serogroup 6, that whirlpools can serve as a reservoir for these organisms, and that seroconversion can occur in the absence of illness.
Sirolimus in De Novo Heart Transplant Recipients Reduces Acute Rejection and Prevents Coronary Artery Disease at 2 Years
Authors: Anne Keogh, Meroula Richardson, Peter Ruygrok, Phillip Spratt, Andrew Galbraith, Gerry O’Driscoll, Peter Macdonald, Don Esmore, David Muller, Steve Faddy
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Sirolimus reduces acute rejection in renal transplant recipients and prevents vasculopathy in nonhuman primates and in-stent restenosis in humans. Its effects on rejection and transplant vasculopathy in human heart transplant recipients are unknown.In a randomized, open-label study, sirolimus was compared with azathioprine in combination with cyclosporine and steroids administered from the time of cardiac transplantation. We report 6-month rejection rates (primary end point), 12-month safety and efficacy data, and 6- and 24-month graft vasculopathy data in 136 cardiac allograft recipients randomly assigned (2:1) to sirolimus (n=92) or azathioprine (n=44). At 6 months, the proportion of patients with grade 3a or greater acute rejection was 32.4% for sirolimus 3 mg/d (P=0.027), 32.8% for sirolimus 5 mg/d (P=0.013), and 56.8% for azathioprine. Patient survival at 12 months was comparable among groups. Intracoronary ultrasound at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 2 years demonstrated highly significant progression of transplant vasculopathy in azathioprine-treated patients. At 6 months, a highly significant absence of progression in intimal plus medial proliferation and significant protection against luminal encroachment was evident in sirolimus-treated patients, and these effects were sustained at 2 years.Sirolimus use from the time of transplantation approximately halved the number of patients experiencing acute rejection. The measurable development of transplant vasculopathy at 6 months and 2 years in patients receiving azathioprine was not observed in patients receiving sirolimus.
NUCLEAR AND NUCLEOLAR ULTRASTRUCTURE DURING THE LATE STAGES OF NORMAL HUMAN KERATINOCYTE MATURATION
Authors: J. KARASEK, K. SMETANA, A. HRDLIČKA, I. DUBININ, O. HORŇAK, W. OHELERT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— Ultrastructural changes of nuclei and nucleoli were studied during the physiological maturation of human keratinocytes. Most nuclear and nucleolar changes were observed in keratinocytes of the upper cell layer of the stratum granulosum, in which these cells are transformed to horny cells. Nucleolar changes were characterized by the segregation of nucleolar ribo-nucleoprotein components, the formation of ring shaped nucleoli and by a reduced quantity of granular components. In addition to the known nuclear ultrastructural changes in keratinocytes of the upper cell layer of the stratum granulosum, an increased number of perichromatin granules was noted in the nuclei of these cells. The number of interchromatin granules was variable. The nucleolar segregation, formation of ring-shaped nucleoli and the decrease of nucleolar granular components in keratinocytes of the upper cell layer of the stratum granulosum, together with the increase in the number of perichromatin granules, might suggest that the RNA synthesis in these cells is inhibited first in the nucleoli before the cessation of extranucleolar RNA synthesis and nuclear disintegration.