tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus mediated prostacyclin synthase gene transfer inhibits neointimal formation by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors expression
Authors: Hajime Imai, Yasushi Numaguchi, Yasuhiro Mishimoto, Hideo Matsui, Toyoaki Murohara, Kenji Okumura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Studies show possible oncogenic routes for HBV
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In a carefully timed series of reports, a team of scientists from the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine (UCSF), has suggested a mechanism for dissemination of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) within the body, noting as well the implications for the role of HBV in causing cancer. Hubert E. Blum, MD, and co-workers of the Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF Liver Center, used the technique of in situ hybridization to analyze the liver tissue of three patients with chronic hepatitis B. This highly sensitive technique—in which radiolabeled, cloned DNA "probes" are allowed to hybridize with complementary viral DNA already present in the cell—allows the investigator to determine both the location and number of copies of viral DNA per cell. They first presented their work in the Oct 15, 1983 issue of<i>Lancet</i>, then in<i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>of November 1983,
Surface Tension‐Mediated, Concave‐Microwell Arrays for Large‐Scale, Simultaneous Production of Homogeneously Sized Embryoid Bodies
Authors: Gi Seok Jeong, Ji Hoon Song, Ah Ran Kang, Yesl Jun, Jeong Hun Kim, Joon Young Chang, Sang‐Hoon Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent and capable of self‐renewal. ESC aggregates, termed embryoid bodies (EBs), have been widely adopted as an in vitro differentiation model. However, the mass production of uniform size and shaped EBs has been challenging. Herein is described the development of a culture plate containing a large number of concave microwells with minimal use of tools, labor, skill, and cost, enabling the production of a large number of homogeneous EBs simultaneously using the culture plate. The large number of concave well structures is self‐constructed through the surface tension of the viscoelastic PDMS prepolymer. Murine ESCs (mESCs) are then seeded onto the concave wells for mass production of monodisperse EBs. It is observed that the EBs produced over a large area are uniform in shape and size regardless of microwell position and differences in cell seeding densities, and whether their phenotype is maintained. The capability to differentiate into adult cells (neuron and endothelial cells) from EBs is also evaluated and the neural spikes from differentiated neuron cells are measured to observe their function. Uniform size and shape EBs are successfully generated in large scale and their pluripotency is maintained similar to other methods.
A Semiautomatic Instrument for Measuring Blood Volume
Authors: John A. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1961)

CIRCULATING blood volume is measured by the observed degree of dilution of a known amount of some suitable test material injected into the blood stream. The operational design and clinical usefulness of a recently developed instrument with which these measurements can be made accurately, rapidly, and conveniently with radioisotopelabeled tracers have been described elsewhere. 1-3   The tracer material most commonly used for these studies is I 131 -labeled human serum albumin. The capillaries are permeable to albumin, and, although 3 to 5 days or longer are required for final equilibration with the extravascular albumin pool, 4 small amounts of the labeled material leak from the vascular compartment during the first 10 to 15 minutes following injection. While this leakage does not detract from the practical usefulness of this tracer for blood volume determinations, it does result in measured values that are higher than those obtained when less readily diffusible
Incidental Detection of a Malignant Thymic Tumor by Tc-99m Sestamibi Cardiac Imaging
Authors: N. DAVID GREYSON, MICHAEL FREEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 70-year-old woman reported several weeks of exertional left precordial chest discomfort. Her past medical history included hypertension controlled by medication. Tc-99m sestamibi cardiac imaging revealed an abnormal area of increased activity in the anterior mediastinum. Results of a recent posteroanterior and lateral chest study were normal. A subsequent contrast-enhanced CT scan confirmed an anterior mediastinal mass, which, after stemotomy, was found to be a malignant thymoma.
Study Says Memories of Violent Death Linger in Survivors, Trigger Psychosocial Problems
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

VIOLENT DEATH at the hands of a person or an out-of-control automobile is tragic in itself. Now there are indications that many of the surviving relatives, whether or not they themselves witnessed the death, continue to suffer the consequences of the tragedy long after its passing, becoming "indirect victims." Many suffer all the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a constellation of anxiety symptoms, flashbacks, and avoidance behaviors. Little to date has been known about how many Americans are such indirect victims, still less about which of them will experience lingering emotional problems. At the Boston meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, a team of investigators reported the results of a national survey of Americans about the prevalence of indirect victimization and preliminary data on some of the factors most likely to be associated with long-term aftereffects. This study found that more than 4 million adult Americans are indirect
Abstract 2332: Alphavbeta6 integrin, a downstream effector of TGFbeta, promotes prostate cancer osteolytic lesions
Authors: Jing Li, Jacqueline Akech, Jitesh Pratap, Tao Wang, Thomas J. FitzGerald, Zhong Jiang, Shelia M. Violette, Sadiq Hussain, Gary S. Stein, Jane B. Lian, Lucia R. Languino
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Integrins and their extracellular matrix ligands are crucial regulators of cancer progression. We show in the present study that the alphaVbeta6 integrin is abundantly expressed in human bone metastasis and enhances metastatic bone disease, which occurs frequently in prostate and breast cancer patients. Our analysis shows that alphaVbeta6 is upregulated in prostate cancer cells via a pro-metastatic signaling pathway mediated by TGFbeta and SMAD3. Given alphaVbeta6 ability to act as a downstream effector of TGFbeta, we tested the ability of alphaVbeta6 to mediate metastatic cancer growth in bone in vivo. We injected PC3 cells stably transfected with alphaVbeta6 in the tibiae of SCID mice. Intraosseous growth of these cells results in extensive osteolytic lesions. Micro-computed tomographic reconstruction of the various bone lesions demonstrates that expression of alphaVbeta6 promotes the appearance of osteolytic lesions beginning at 2 weeks after injection of the tumor cells, further progressing to massive trabecular and cortical bone loss by 4 and 8 weeks. In contrast, intraosseous growth of cells expressing alphaVbeta5, another alphaV containing integrin known to promote metastasis, does not result in osteolytic lesions at the same time intervals and causes woven bone deposition in the medullary cavity. Intraosseous tumors produced by intratibial injection of alphaVbeta6- or alphaVbeta5-expressing prostate cancer cells grew with indistinguishable kinetics, thus ruling out that the enhanced formation of osteolytic lesions mediated by alphaVbeta6 was simply due to accelerated tumor growth. Further analysis shows that alphaVbeta6 contributes to osteolytic lesions by selective upregulation of MMP2 levels in PC3 tumors in vivo, which, in contrast, is not observed in alphaVbeta5- PC3 tumors. These findings show for the first time a mechanism that promotes alphaV integrin-mediated osteolysis in prostate cancer metastatic growth and suggest that the players involved are targets for future personalized therapies of prostate cancer. Grant support: NIH R01 CA089720 (LRL). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2332.
Changing Federal and State Relationships—A New Era in Health?
Authors: Harry N. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This Congress has an opportunity to reverse a two-decade trend of federal domination in health programs by approving the President's program to increase the responsibility of state governments for administration of health programs. The Congress is thus faced with a momentous decision: Will it trust the states with such responsibility? Conversely, will the states accept the challenge and assume such responsibility? For almost two decades, there has been a steadily increasing concentration of control in Washington, DC, of health care programs. Program after program has been added to the federal ambit, building on the foundation programs of Medicare and Medicaid. While there have been minor swings of the pendulum, at times sharing some control with the states, the overall movement to Washington has resulted in the dominance of the federal government as the most significant entity affecting health care provision in the United States today. Its influence and policies do
Effect of Esophageal Emptying and Saliva on Clearance of Acid from the Esophagus
Authors: James F. Helm, Wylie J. Dodds, Lorie R. Pelc, David W. Palmer, Walter J. Hogan, Bruce C. Teeter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We studied clearance of acid from the esophagus and esophageal emptying in normal subjects. A 15-ml bolus of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2) Radio-labeled with [99mTc]sulfur colloid was injected into the esophagus, and the subject swallowed every 30 seconds. Concurrent manometry and radionuclide imaging showed nearly complete emptying of acid from the esophagus by an immediate secondary peristaltic sequence, although esophageal pH did not rise until the first swallow 30 seconds later. Esophageal pH then returned to normal by a series of step increases, each associated with a swallow-induced peristaltic sequence. Saliva stimulation by an oral lozenge shortened the time required for acid clearance, whereas aspiration of saliva from the mouth abolished acid clearance. Saliva stimulation or aspiration did not affect the virtually complete emptying of acid volume by the initial peristaltic sequence. We conclude that esophageal acid clearance normally occurs as a two-step process: (1) Virtually all acid volume is emptied from the esophagus by one or two peristaltic sequences, leaving a minimal residual amount that sustains a low pH, and (2) residual acid is neutralized by swallowed saliva. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:284–8.)
MRC creates clinical research board
Authors: Vittal Katikireddi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The UK Medical Research Council (MRC) has announced the creation of a new clinical research board as part of its major reorganisation changes.

The new Physiological Systems and Clinical Sciences Board is one of several indicators of the council's strengthened commitment to clinical research, the MRC claims.

This announcement came two days after the UK higher education funding bodies stated they would be judging research by more demanding standards. Future research assessment exercises (RAEs) will give more information about the quality of research in each department through “starred profiles” to replace the current system of grading departments from one to five-star, and experts from business and industry will be brought into the panels judging …
901-106 3D Echocardiographic Reconstruction of Anatomy and Flow in Congenital Mitral Valve Disease: Importance of New “Surgeon’s Eye” Views
Authors: David J. Sahn, G. Michael Silberbach, Antoinette Kenny, Derek A. Fyfe, Pradip Dhar, Achi Ludomirsky, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography Using Lower Doses of Radiation for Patients With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Orla Craig, Siobhan O'Neill, Fiona O'Neill, Patrick McLaughlin, AnneMarie McGarrigle, Sebastian McWilliams, Owen O'Connor, Alan Desmond, Elizabeth Kenny Walsh, Max Ryan, Michael Maher, Fergus Shanahan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Anatomical and Biochemical Adaptations of Muscle to Different Exercises
Authors: Edward E. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1967)

"Work-hypertrophy" is a universally accepted concept of physiology. It implies that all effort leads to muscle enlargement and, by the same token, hypertrophy always accompanies increased ability for muscular performance. This implication is generally true, but understanding of the process may need modification. First, what is meant by hypertrophy: increase in girth of a limb, volume of a muscle, or the related weight? Or, are we referring to the individual muscle fiber, the smallest anatomical unit of muscle? In work-hypertrophy, the gross and microscopic dimensions are regarded as running parallel courses and, therefore, as being interchangeable. There would be no serious error if in hypertrophy the sum of the enlarged parts equalled an increased whole. But such an equation is not always found. Consequently, human experiments relying on gross dimension such as girth as an index of hypertrophy may fail to reveal the true state of affairs. Furthermore, in the
Preventing cellulitis: where next?
Authors: R.J. Hay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Cellulitis of the lower leg is a moderately common and unpleasant condition associated with painful erythema and swelling, in some cases high fever, and very rarely shock and cardiovascular collapse. It has been associated with β‐haemolytic streptococcal infection, with group A and group G streptococci being most often implicated. However, one of the problems with the diagnosis is that it is almost entirely reliant on clinical findings. Bacterial culture itself is seldom useful, as unless there is blood culture‐positive septicaemia, swabs from the skin surface are only rarely positive. One study of the success of blood culture as a means of establishing the diagnosis of cellulitis found only a handful of positive cases – 2% out of a large sample of 710 cultures taken.1 Even the most recent molecular diagnostic methods appear to be no better than culture, although occasionally specific putative entry sites such as the toe webs can be positive for streptococcal DNA.2 Submitting aspirates from the affected area either to culture or molecular probing, for example with 16S rRNA DNA, did not improve the diagnostic yield, and the only positive diagnostic samples in one comparative study were staphylococci.3 In cellulitis at sites other than the legs, the yield of positive microbiological clues is often higher, but even so, in a study of orbital cellulitis, only 30% of over 90 cases sampled yielded evidence of a microbe.4
Human Platelets Contain a Glycosylated Estrogen Receptor β
Authors: Michele L. Nealen, K. Vinod Vijayan, Everlie Bolton, Paul F. Bray
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Platelets play an important role in the coronary thrombus formation that leads to myocardial ischemia and infarction. Gender differences in the development of coronary heart disease and its outcomes are partly regulated by estrogen and its receptors, but the roles of the latter in thrombogenicity are less well-defined. We previously demonstrated the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) β in cells of the megakaryocytic lineage. In this study, we characterize human platelet ERβ and its expression using biochemical and molecular biological techniques. Western immunoblotting showed that platelet ERβ migrated with an apparent molecular mass ≈3.7 kDa larger than ERβ in a variety of cell lines (including those of prostate and breast origin). A rigorous investigation of platelet ERβ mRNA by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction revealed normal transcripts and a single alternately spliced mRNA. However, this variant form was smaller, lacking exon 2, and could not account for the larger protein size seen in platelets. Treatment of ERβ with N -glycosidase F, which removes core carbohydrate residues, caused a more rapid migration through polyacrylamide gels but had no effect on ERβ from human cell lines. We conclude that the larger form of ERβ in human platelets is not attributable to alternate mRNA splicing but primarily to tissue-specific glycosylation.
Letter: Drugs affecting oral contraceptives.
Authors: J P Mumford
Journal: BMJ (1974)

looked in the drug addiction film "The Man with the Golden Arm." Then at my outpatient clinic another patient suffering from neurotic depression told me how very ill she felt after stoppng her regimen of phenelzine and haloperidol to go on to lorazepam.The lorazepam made her excessively drowsy and she stopped it after a day or so but then she felt depressed and irritable and also described this feeling of cold and shivering.This last symptom is quite reminiscent of the "cold turkey" reaction to the with- drawal of narcotics from the habituated, and the reaction followed so swiftly the disoon- tinuation of the drug that I wonder if it might not represent a genuine physical res- ponse to deprival of the drug rather than a purely psychological one or the return of the depression.The medical adviser to the manufacturers tells me that no such with- drawal symptoms have previously been re- ported but I wonder if any of your readers can record similar experiences?-Iam, etc., BRICE PI1-rThe London Hospital (St.Clement's) London E.3 Malaria in the United Kingdom SIR,-In your epidemiological report (5 January, p. 43) you mention 84 cases of malaria in immigrants to the U.K. in 1972.The adult populations of countries where malaria is endemic are generally considered to be inmune to malaria in the sense that they do not suffer overt attacks of the disease.It would be valuable to know if there is any record of the proportion of innigrants in whom malaria was considered to be the cause of their illness rather than simply a concomitant finding, the number of adults, and whether any factors were found, such as acute infections or steroid therapy, which might have been responsible for a temporary lowering of resistance to malaria.-Iam, etc.,
Activity of carcinogens that bind to the C8 position of guanine residues in an assay specific for the detection of -2 frameshift mutations in a defined hot spot.
Authors: R P Fuchs, R Bintz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

In this paper we describe a reversion assay specific for the detection of -2 frameshift mutations occurring within short stretches of alternating GC sequences. We have compared a series of chemical carcinogens that all bind covalently to the C8 position of guanine residues for their potency in inducing revertants in this assay. Large variations in potency are found within the list of compounds that were tested. The most potent chemicals tested induce the reversion frequency by a factor of 10(5) over background, whereas others only increase it by two orders of magnitude. These differences are discussed in terms of the conformational changes that the different C8-guanine adducts induce in DNA.
Diet and Crohn's disease: characteristics of the pre-illness diet.
Authors: J R Thornton, P M Emmett, K W Heaton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Thirty newly diagnosed patients with Crohn's disease were interviewed about their habitual, pre-illness diet and compared with 30 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, social class, and marital status. The patients ate substantially more refined sugar, slightly less dietary fibre, and considerably less raw fruit and vegetables than the controls. A diet high in refined sugar and low in raw fruit and vegetables precedes and may favour the development of Crohn's disease.
Problems With Indexing and Citation of Articles With Group Authorship
Authors: Kay Dickersin
Journal: JAMA (2002)

It is not known whether articles with group authorship (ie, with a research group name listed as the author) are difficult to identify or whether use of group authorship may lead to problems with citation. To examine ways in which reports of controlled trials with group authorship are indexed and citations counted in bibliographic databases, we conducted a cross-sectional study in January 2000. We identified 47 controlled trials funded by the National Eye Institute and 285 associated articles. Between January and August 2000, we searched PubMed and Science Citation Index (SCI) and recorded the citation practices for these articles. Our main outcome measures were ways in which trial reports were listed in PubMed and SCI and number of citations to each report by type of authorship. Of the 285 published reports identified, 126 (44%) had group authorship, 109 (38%) had modified group authorship (listing individual names plus the name of the research group), and 50 (18%) had named authors only. In PubMed, no group authors were listed in the author field (per MEDLINE rules); in SCI, group-authored reports generally were incorrectly attributed (first name on investigator list [35.3%], first name on writing committee [25.5%], contact name [16.7%], anonymous [16.7%], and other [5.9%]). Using the SCI general search, we identified citations to 16.7% of group-authored reports, compared with citations to 96.9% of reports with modified group authorship and 93.9% of citations to reports with named authors only. Other systematic search methods found that more than 98% of group-authored reports actually had been cited and that group-authored reports were cited more than other reports. Indexing systems are not optimally adapted to group authorship. We recommend that indexing services change their practices to include group authors in the author field to help correct the problem.
Mobilization studies in mice deficient in either C3 or C3a receptor (C3aR) reveal a novel role for complement in retention of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow
Authors: Janina Ratajczak, Ryan Reca, Magda Kucia, Marcin Majka, Daniel J. Allendorf, Jarek T. Baran, Anna Janowska-Wieczorek, Rick A. Wetsel, Gordon D. Ross, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
Journal: Blood (2003)
ASSOCIATION OF DECREASED LEFT ATRIAL STRAIN AND STRAIN RATE WITH STROKE IN CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Jhih-Yuan Shih, Wei-Chuan Tsai, Yao-Yi Huang, Yen-Wen Liu, Chih-Chan Lin, Liang-Miin Tsai, Li-Jen Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)