tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Points: The natural history of windows
Authors: R D Martin
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A N Bamji (14 April, p 973) with great interest.We were medical students resident in separate Dublin hospitals in 1966.At this time McIlroy appeared at the casualty department of the Royal City of Dublin Hospital complaining of chest pain.One of us (JRN) was connecting him to an ECG machine which required to be earthed.Unfortunately, this was not done and the patient obviously experienced an electric shock.He leapt from the trolley and, putting his finger over his tracheostomy, confirmed in no uncertain terms that this was the case.He took his own discharge.Later that evening this somewhat ruffled student called at the Adelaide Hospital three kilometres or so away.There CED was found to be examining McIlroy, still complain- ing of chest pain but not referring to his recent experience.When he saw JRN he had the grace to look a little embarrassed.The ECG machine in the Adelaide Hospital evidently caused the patient no further upset-and the tracing showed no abnormality.Nevertheless, he spent a comfortable night in hospital and subsequently took his own discharge.There is no doubt in our minds that this man was McIlroy....
Relationship between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and radiation exposure in Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors
Authors: Masako Iwanaga, Masuko Tagawa, Kunihiro Tsukasaki, Tatsuki Matsuo, Ken-ichi Yokota, Yasushi Miyazaki, Takuya Fukushima, Tomoko Hata, Yoshitaka Imaizumi, Daisuke Imanishi, Jun Taguchi, Sabro Momita, Shimeru Kamihira, Masao Tomonaga
Journal: Blood (2008)
Natriuretic peptides in the monitoring of anthracycline induced reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Gedske Daugaard, Ulrik Lassen, Peter Bie, Erling Bjerregaard Pedersen, Kaare Troels Jensen, Ulrik Abildgaard, Birger Hesse, Andreas Kjaer
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
Long QT syndrome: from channels to cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: A. J. Moss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Long QT syndrome, a rare genetic disorder associated with life-threatening arrhythmias, has provided a wealth of information about fundamental mechanisms underlying human cardiac electrophysiology that has come about because of truly collaborative interactions between clinical and basic scientists. Our understanding of the mechanisms that control the critical plateau and repolarization phases of the human ventricular action potential has been raised to new levels through these studies, which have clarified the manner in which both potassium and sodium channels regulate this critical period of electrical activity.
Acute Renal Failure and Mortality
Authors: Michael Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —In a cohort analyis, Dr Levy and associates 1 found that comorbidities alone did not explain the high mortality rate seen in the setting of acute renal failure. They compared 183 patients who developed acute renal failure after intravenous contrast administration with a cohort matched for age, baseline creatinine levels, and type of contrast study. They examined 20 demographic and clinical variables and a number of physiological characteristics and determined that, after adjustment for these factors, the development of acute renal failure was still associated with a significant increase in mortality (odds ratio of 5.5).  Unfortunately, we do not know why renal failure developed in the index patients and not in the matched cohort. As a result, a confounding variable could easily have been missed—one or more factors, not measured here, responsible for both the development of renal failure and the excess in mortality. The authors would
Correction of altered plasma amino acid pattern in cirrhosis of the liver by somatostatin.
Authors: B Limberg, B Kommerell
Journal: Gut (1984)

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of somatostatin (500 microgram/h intravenously) upon insulin, c-peptide, glucagon and plasma amino acids concentrations in patients with and without cirrhosis of the liver. The typical plasma amino acid pattern in cirrhosis is characterised by increased concentrations of the aromatic amino acids and decreased concentrations of the branched chain amino acids and of alanine and glycine. After administration of somatostatin insulin, c-peptide and glucagon concentrations decreased and those of the branched chain amino acids in both groups increased; in addition in patients with cirrhosis the plasma concentrations of threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, lysine, and arginine increased also. Infusion of somatostatin plus insulin in patients with cirrhosis succeeded in preventing the increase in the branched chain amino acid concentrations, while the infusion of somatostatin plus glucagon decreased threonine, serine, glycine, alinine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine and arginine concentrations. It is therefore suggested that the effect of somatostatin on the plasma amino acids may be because of the reduction of insulin and glucagon concentrations; however, other effects of somatostatin cannot be excluded at present.
A Potential Role of Distinctively Delayed Blood Clearance of Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Serotype 9 in Robust Cardiac Transduction
Authors: Nicole M Kotchey, Kei Adachi, Maliha Zahid, Katsuya Inagaki, Rakshita Charan, Robert S Parker, Hiroyuki Nakai
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) vectors show robust in vivo transduction by a systemic approach. It has been proposed that rAAV9 has enhanced ability to cross the vascular endothelial barriers. However, the scientific basis of systemic administration of rAAV9 and its transduction mechanisms have not been fully established. Here, we show indirect evidence suggesting that capillary walls still remain as a significant barrier to rAAV9 in cardiac transduction but not so in hepatic transduction in mice, and the distinctively delayed blood clearance of rAAV9 plays an important role in overcoming this barrier, contributing to robust cardiac transduction. We find that transvascular transport of rAAV9 in the heart is a capacity-limited slow process and occurs in the absence of caveolin-1, the major component of caveolae that mediate endothelial transcytosis. In addition, a reverse genetic study identifies the outer region of the icosahedral threefold capsid protrusions as a potential culprit for rAAV9's delayed blood clearance. These results support a model in which the delayed blood clearance of rAAV9 sustains the capacity-limited slow transvascular vector transport and plays a role in mediating robust cardiac transduction, and provide important implications in AAV capsid engineering to create new rAAV variants with more desirable properties. Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) vectors show robust in vivo transduction by a systemic approach. It has been proposed that rAAV9 has enhanced ability to cross the vascular endothelial barriers. However, the scientific basis of systemic administration of rAAV9 and its transduction mechanisms have not been fully established. Here, we show indirect evidence suggesting that capillary walls still remain as a significant barrier to rAAV9 in cardiac transduction but not so in hepatic transduction in mice, and the distinctively delayed blood clearance of rAAV9 plays an important role in overcoming this barrier, contributing to robust cardiac transduction. We find that transvascular transport of rAAV9 in the heart is a capacity-limited slow process and occurs in the absence of caveolin-1, the major component of caveolae that mediate endothelial transcytosis. In addition, a reverse genetic study identifies the outer region of the icosahedral threefold capsid protrusions as a potential culprit for rAAV9's delayed blood clearance. These results support a model in which the delayed blood clearance of rAAV9 sustains the capacity-limited slow transvascular vector transport and plays a role in mediating robust cardiac transduction, and provide important implications in AAV capsid engineering to create new rAAV variants with more desirable properties.
Ultrasound May Help Detect Breast Implant Leaks
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ULTRASOUND IMAGING may detect leaks in silicone breast implants that are not visible by mammography. Sonography may especially be useful for finding silicone that has migrated to lymph nodes, says Kathleen M. Harris, MD, assistant professor of radiology, University of Pittsburgh (Pa) School of Medicine, and medical director, Breast Care Centers, Magee Women's Hospital.  In view of the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) moratorium on the use of silicone implants (please see page 787) and the agency's call for more data on their long-term safety, ultrasound imaging may provide some of that badly needed information, says Harris.  Speaking at the 77th annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America held in Chicago, Ill, Harris reported the findings of a study she, Marie A. Ganott, MD, and colleagues at the university have been conducting on women with breast implants who either had palpable lumps or mammograms that suggested leaking
Prevention of atherosclerotic complications with ketanserin.
Authors: T. C. Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The National Audit Office came to this unit for the data and despite being given graphs and bar charts requested the raw data as well.The published graph of male trends in mortality was prepared here.The bar chart of comparative mortality, however, which was reproduced in the BMJ and by the national media, originated within the National Audit Office.It makes out Sweden to have the highest coronary heart disease mortality of the developed economies.Unfortunately, my exhortation not to use crude all ages rates cannot have been passed on to whoever prepared the graph, which was not checked with me.
Trends in perinatal mortality and cerebral palsy in Western Australia, 1967 to 1985.
Authors: F. J. Stanley, L. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To analyse the trends in stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and cerebral palsy in all infants born in Western Australia from 1967 to 1985. To relate these trends to changes in perinatal care, particularly in relation to avoidance of intrapartum asphyxia in term infants and the increased survival of low birthweight infants. DESIGN--Descriptive epidemiological study calculating population rates for perinatal deaths and cerebral palsy according to year of birth and birth weight. SETTING--Western Australia. SUBJECTS--All infants born after 20 weeks9 gestation or weighing at least 400 g (live and stillborn). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Stillbirths, neonatal deaths (from perinatal death certificates), and cerebral palsy (from a population based register). RESULTS--Overall stillbirth rates fell from 12.1/1000 total births in 1967-70 to 8.1 in 1983-5. Early neonatal mortality fell from 13.0/1000 live births to 4.4 over the same period whereas total cerebral palsy rates remained at around 2-2.5/1000 live births. Death rates fell in all birth weight categories, particularly in low birthweight infants between 1975 and 1985, the period when birthweight data were available. In contrast, cerebral palsy rates in infants under 1500 g rose significantly over this period (from 12.1 in 1968 to 64.9 in 1985). The rise was seen in all spastic categories, including severely and multiply handicapped children. CONCLUSIONS--Large increases in the use of interventions aimed at reducing birth asphyxia and handicaps had not (by 1985) resulted in lower rates of cerebral palsy. This suggests that birth asphyxia is not a major cause. The increased survival of low birthweight infants has resulted in more cerebral palsy in this group, due either to postnatal complications of immaturity or prenatal damage to the fetal brain. These findings have implications for planning perinatal care and for litigation for putative obstetric malpractice in cerebral palsy cases.
Empirical status of Block's phenomenal/access distinction
Authors: Bruce Mangan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

P/A (Block's phenomenal/access) confounds a logical distinction with an empirical claim. Success of P/A in its logical role has almost no bearing on its plausibility as an empirical thesis (i.e., that two kinds of consciousness exist). The advantage of P/A over a single-consciousness assumption is unclear, but one of Block's analogies for P (liquid in a hydraulic computer) may be used to clarify the notion of consciousness as cognitive “hardware.”
Drug Investigation Regulations
Authors: Herbert L. Ley
Journal: JAMA (1968)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— Dr. Brown's interpretation of our regulations (203: 857, 1962) states that the investigator must  all records until two years after his study ends or after the New Drug Application (NDA) is approved. The regulation reads ... or if the application is not approved, until two years after the investigation is  This means the investigator must retain his records until two years after the NDA is approved or until two years after he has been notified by the sponsor that the study of the drug has been officially discontinued. For example, if an investigator had completed his study on an investigational drug in 1965 and was told by the sponsor in 1967 that the investigation was officially discontinued (the Food and Drug Administration official notification), the investigator must retain his records at least until 1969.
Orientation of microvascular blood flow in pancreatic islet isografts.
Authors: M D Menger, P Vajkoczy, C Beger, K Messmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

There is evidence that intraislet cellular communication and hormone delivery within the islets of Langerhans is controlled via capillary perfusion directed from the B cell core to the A/D cell mantle (intraislet portal system). To determine whether vascularization of freely transplanted islets repeats this "core-to-mantle" capillary perfusion, hamster islets were isolated by collagenase digestion and transplanted into a skinfold chamber of syngeneic animals (n = 12). 14 d after transplantation, the microvasculature of the islet grafts was analyzed by in vivo fluorescence microscopy. The capillary glomerulum-like network of the islet grafts (n = 109) was found supplied by individual arterioles, which regularly pierced the islet and broke into capillaries within the graft (96/109 [88.1%]), resulting in capillary flow directed from the core to the islet's periphery. Only in 13 of 109 islets (11.9%) arterioles broke into capillaries at the outside margin of the islet and capillary flow was directed simultaneously to vessels located within the core, as well as the periphery of the graft. The islet's capillary network was drained by individual venules and intercapillary anastomoses between the newly formed islet capillaries and the preexisting capillaries of the host muscle tissue. Immunohistochemical staining revealed B cells located within the core, and A and D cells scattered in the periphery of the islets, indicating reestablishment of sequential B-->A/D cellular perfusion of the grafts. Thus, freely transplanted islets develop an intra-islet portal system, similarly to that of pancreatic islets in situ.
Patient-Determined Glycosylated Hemoglobin Measurements: An Aid to Patient Education
Authors: K McDermott, M Cooks, C M Peterson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

The feasibility of patient determination of fast fraction hemoglobin (HbA1) was evaluated. In the laboratory, the fast fraction method correlated well with known mixed standards of between 0 and 40% hemoglobin A1c (r2 = 0.97, slope 1.19) and reasonably well with radioimmunoassay (r2 = 0.78, slope 1.09), although prepackaged columns performed poorly about 18% of the time. Sixteen patients practicing home blood monitoring performed the determination of HbA1 on their own blood obtained from fingerstick. Two hours of patient training were required for the procedure. The correlation of patient determination of HbA1 with the results obtained by the laboratory on venous blood was reasonable (r2 – 0.81 with a slope of 0.88). Patient performance of HbA1 was useful in (1) providing enhanced reinforcement for self-monitoring programs, (2) engaging patients in groups in the monitoring process, and (3) providing an educational tool with which to teach pathophysiologic principles involved in diabetes mellitus.
A study of maximum oxygen uptake and heart rate during work and recovery as measured on cycle ergometer on national Indian sportsmen.
Authors: S. K. Verma, L. S. Sidhu, D. K. Kansal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

We have studied 73, top level Indian sportsmen for VO2 max and heart rates during work and recovery. High negative values of 'r' between VO2 max and heart rate during work and recovery have been observed. Absolute VO2 max, VO2 max/kg body wt/min and VO2 max/kg lean body mass/min are found to play an important role in influencing recovery of heart rate, more so in the initial phases. A similar trend has been observed while studying the influences of work heart rate on the recovery of heart rate after a standard exercise. Regression equations for the prediction of VO2 max from recovery pulse scores, have been worked out for Indian sportsmen.
ABC of transfusion. Transfusion of red cells.
Authors: S C Davies, M Brozovic
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To many clinicians blood transfusion = transfusion of red cells The term "blood transfusion" is often used rather loosely by doctors when what they really mean is the transfusion of red cells.Symptomatic of this linguistic laxity is that blood is often transfused without sufficient regard either to the specific requirements of the patient or to the potentially harmful effects of the transfusion.We therefore consider the red cell preparations generally available at present, the indications and some of the contraindications for their transfusion, the methods of infusion, and the side effects of transfusion of red cells that are not considered elsewhere in the series. Red cell componentsComparison of red cell components Component Packed cell volume Volume to be given Main indication Special precautions Whole blood 35 to 45 510 ml Acute massive blood loss Possible abnormalities of haemostasis if loss and replacement exceed twice the blood volume Fresh blood 35 to 45 510ml None proved Blood that has not been microbiologically tested is unsafe Red cell concentrates 55 to 75 About 200 ml Chronic blood loss or anaemia None Red cell concentrates in optimal 50 to 70 Variable Chronic blood loss or anaemia Not to be used for neonates or exchange additive solution transfusion Filtered blood Variable Variable Non-haemolytic transfusion Use within 24 hours of preparation reactions and prevention of HLA immunisation before transplantation Washed red cells Variable Variable Non-haemolytic transfusion Use within 24 hours of preparation reactions to plasma proteins Frozen, thawed, and washed Variable but red cellsVariable usually <200 ml Patients with rare antibodies Use within 24 hours of preparation A triple pack for collection of blood, with a unit of whole blood in the middle, a bag for plasma on the right, and a bag for collection of red cells into SAG-M (optimal additive solution) on the left.* Whole blood is the complete collection of a single donation or "unit" of about 450 ml of blood into an anticoagulant solution.The unit contains effete, but still antigenic, granulocytes and platelets and all the plasma proteins, but as a result of storage there is loss of activity by the coagulant factors V and VIII:C and by complement.Clinicians often request "fresh whole blood," which is rarely available because of the time needed for collection, grouping, testing for harmful antibodies, microbiological screening, and despatching by the transfusion centre to the hospital.Red cell components supplemented by fresh frozen plasma and platelet concentrates are just as effective.
Adipose Tissue: Cellular Morphology and Development
Authors: M. R. C. GREENWOOD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The pattern of adipose tissue development in humans is not well known, although it has been characterized under various conditions in rodents. In both humans and rodents there are normal periods of development characterized by marked hyperplasia. The flexibility of adipose tissue development seems to depend on the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Because the precursor adipoblast cannot be clearly identified with a cell-specific protein, the exact mechanisms whereby adipose tissue development is regulated is poorly understood. Nonetheless, data show that various hormones and other influences modulate the normal and abnormal course of adipose tissue development.
The NHS breast screening programme needs independent review
Authors: S. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The <i>BMJ</i> has published several articles over the past few years raising concerns about the accuracy and transparency of information provided to women about the benefits and harms of mammography screening for breast cancer (<i>BMJ</i> 2006;332:538, doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7540.538; 2009;338:b86, doi:10.1136/bmj.b86; 2010;340:c3106, doi:10.1136/bmj.c3106). Last month the professor of complex obstetrics <b>Susan Bewley</b> sent us for publication an open letter to England's cancer tsar. Here we publish the letter and Mike Richards's response (<i>BMJ</i> 2011;343:d6843, doi:10.1136/bmj.d6843)
EFFECTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE SELF MEASUREMENT AND TELEMEDICINE COMMUNICATION ON PHYSICIAN PRESCRIBING HABITS
Authors: Val Rakita, Shawn Schweitzer, Abul Kashem, Carol Homko, Margaret Kerper, William Santamore, Daniel Elliott, Priya Kothapalli, Jenming Chen, Alfred Bove
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Greater Proportion of Liver Transplant Candidates Have Colorectal Neoplasia Than in the Healthy Screening Population
Authors: Philip Jeschek, Arnulf Ferlitsch, Petra Salzl, Georg Heinze, Georg Györi, Karoline Reinhart, Elisabeth Waldmann, Martha Britto-Arias, Michael Trauner, Monika Ferlitsch
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
A third of adults in England have "prediabetes," study says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Introduction:</b> Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)s have immunomodulatory properties and reduce airway inflammation in experimental asthma. However, potential uses of MSCs for asthma therapies are challenged by the evidence that airway smooth muscle remodeling may in part occur through the recruitment and differentiation of fibrocytes, a bone marrow-derived progenitor cell of myeloid lineage. <b>Aims and objectives:</b> Here we tested if Stro-1, a marrow stromal MSC marker not expressed by hematopoietic cells, is present in airway smooth muscle. <b>Methods:</b> Bronchial biopsies from severe asthmatics (n=8) and non-asthmatic controls (n=4) were immunostained using monoclonal mouse IgM Stro-1 clone. Airway smooth muscle mass was measured as smooth muscle surface area, digitally extracted from hematoxylin &amp; eosin stained sections, referenced to biopsy area (dimensionless). Data analysis was done with Mann-Whitney9s U test. <b>Results:</b> Asthmatics had increased airway smooth muscle mass (0.68 ± 0.04 versus 0.24 ± 0.02 for controls, mean ± standard error, <i>P</i> = 0.007). Stro-1, present in airway smooth muscle as spotted antigen clusters, was increased in asthmatics (2.37 ± 0.76 versus 0.25 ± 0.14, clusters/mm<sup>2</sup>, <i>P</i> = 0.028). <b>Conclusions:</b> The data suggest that different progenitor cell populations may be recruited during airway smooth muscle remodeling in asthma, and cells of stromal MSC origin may be involved. Further research and solid preclinical development are warranted for MSC-based asthma therapies. Funded by <i>FIS, SEPAR, FUCAP.</i>