tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients' consent preferences for research uses of information in electronic medical records: interview and survey data
Authors: D. J Willison
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To assess patients' preferred method of consent for the use of information from electronic medical records for research.Interviews and a structured survey of patients in practices with electronic medical records.Family practices in southern Ontario, Canada.123 patients: 17 were interviewed and 106 completed a survey.Patients' opinions and concerns on use of information from their medical records for research and their preferences for method of consent.Most interviewees were willing to allow the use of their information for research purposes, although the majority preferred that consent was sought first. The seeking of consent was considered an important element of respect for the individual. Most interviewees made little distinction between identifiable and anonymised data. Research sponsored by private insurance firms generated the greatest concern, and research sponsored by foundation the least. Sponsorship by drug companies evoked negative responses during interview and positive responses in the survey.Patients are willing to allow information from their medical records to be used for research, but most prefer to be asked for consent either verbally or in writing.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Human somatic cell mutagenesis creates genetically tractable sarcomas
Authors: Sam D Molyneux, Paul D Waterhouse, Dawne Shelton, Yang W Shao, Christopher M Watling, Qing-Lian Tang, Isaac S Harris, Brendan C Dickson, Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan, Geir K Sandve, Xiaoyang Zhang, Swneke D Bailey, Hal Berman, Jay S Wunder, Zsuzsanna Iszvak, Mathieu Lupien, Tak W Mak, Rama Khokha
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Streptokinase in central retinal vein occlusion: a controlled clinical trial.
Authors: E M Kohner, J E Pettit, A M Hamilton, C J Bulpitt, C T Dollery
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Forty patients with central retinal vein occlusion were allocated at random either to a treatment group given streptokinase followed by anticoagulatns or to a control group given no specific treatment. The two groups, which were each of 20 patients, were broadly similar in respect of clinical and laboratory values and similar in their initial visual acuity. At follow-up ("final" vision) the visual acuity in the treated group was significantly better than in the untreated group. Only one treated patient developed thrombotic glaucoma compared with four controls. Streptokinase may, however, have been responsible for vitreous haemorrhage (and permanent loss of vision) in three patients and hence probably has only a limited role in the treatment of central retinal vein occlusion.
The Munich Gallbladder Lithotripsy Study
Authors: Michael Sackmann, Juergen Pauletzki, Tilman Sauerbruch, Joseph Holl, Gustav Schelling, Gustav Paumgartner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To evaluate the long-term results of three types of shock wave treatment in patients with radiolucent gallbladder stones. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Single-center trial. Patients: Of 5824 patients with gallstones, 19% were eligible; 711 patients were treated. Interventions: Patients received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy as well as adjuvant therapy with bile acids. Results: Lithotripsy was done in three ways, using a water-tank lithotriptor (group A), a water-cushion lithotriptor at low energy levels (group B), and a water-cushion lithotriptor at high energy levels (group C). The rate of complete fragment clearance 9 to 12 months after lithotripsy was done differed significantly among the three groups: Among patients with single stones of 20 mm or less in diameter, the rate of fragment clearance for group A was 76%; for group B, it was 60%; and for group C, it was 83% (P = 0.03). Among patients with single stones of 21 to 30 mm, the rate of fragment clearance for group A was 63%; for group B, it was 32%; and for group C, it was 58% (P < 0.005). Among patients with two or three stones, the rate of fragment clearance for group A was 38%; for group B, it was 16%; and for group C, it was 46% (P = 0.01). Patients with fragments of 3 mm or less 24 hours after lithotripsy was done showed a higher probability of fragment disappearance than did those with larger fragments (P < 0.001). The clearance rate was higher in patients who were compliant than in those who were noncompliant with bile acid therapy (P < 0.001). Adverse effects included liver hematoma in 1 patient, biliary pain attacks in 253 patients (36%), mild biliary pancreatitis in 13 patients (2%), and cholestasis in 7 patients (1%). Elective cholecystectomy was done in 16 patients (2%), and endoscopic sphincterotomy was done in 4 patients (1%). Conclusions: The rate of complete disappearance of stones after shock wave therapy depends on the size and the number of the initial stones, the diameter of the largest fragment, and the mode of shock wave treatment. Adjuvant therapy with bile acids appears to be important for complete fragment clearance.
Prognostic Factors for Malignant Transformation in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Clara Cesana, Catherine Klersy, Luciana Barbarano, Anna Maria Nosari, Monica Crugnola, Ester Pungolino, Livio Gargantini, Simonetta Granata, Marina Valentini, Enrica Morra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To evaluate the natural history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), identify early predictors of evolution, and assess whether associated conditions correlate with disease progression.A total of 1,231 consecutive patients with either MGUS (n = 1,104) or SMM (n = 127) diagnosed from July 1975 to March 1998 were included in the study. Cumulative survival probability and cumulative probability of transformation into lymphoproliferative disease were calculated by means of the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to identify possible predictors of malignant evolution.Cumulative transformation probability at 10 and 15 years was 14% and 30%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 65 months (range, 12 to 239 months), 64 MGUS cases (5.8%) evolved to multiple myeloma (MM) (n = 43), extramedullary plasmacytoma (n = 1), primary amyloidosis (n = 1), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (n = 12), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 6), and B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 1). At a median follow-up of 72 months (range, 12 to 247 months), 25 SMMs (19.7%) evolved to overt MM. A lower evolution risk was observed in MGUS than in SMM (P <.0001). Greater than 5% marrow plasmacytosis, detectable Bence Jones proteinuria, polyclonal serum immunoglobulin reduction, and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were independent factors influencing MGUS transformation. SMM progression correlated with greater than 10% marrow plasma cells, detectable Bence Jones proteinuria, and immunoglobulin (Ig) A isotype. Neither concomitant diseases nor immunosuppression correlated with progression.Careful evaluation of marrow plasmacytosis, urinary paraprotein, background immunoglobulins, ESR, and paraprotein isotype might help identify at presentation patients with benign monoclonal gammopathies requiring stricter monitoring.
Domiciliary consultations: some facts and questions.
Authors: J. Fry, G. Sandler
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The domiciliary consultation scheme introduced at the start of the NHS enables joint consultation between a consultant and general practitioner in a patient9s home when the patient cannot attend hospital on medical grounds. Consultants claim a fee from the NHS, general practitioners do not. Data from the Department of Health and Social Security on domiciliary consultations in England and Wales during 1981-6 were analysed. The number of domiciliary consultations fell during 1981-6 from 429,759 in 1981 to 387,394 in 1986, a fall of 10%, whereas the numbers of consultants and general practitioners increased by 1404 (12%) and 2400 (10%), respectively. The yearly rate of domiciliary consultation per consultant fell by 19% from 36 in 1981 to 29 in 1986 and that per general practitioner by 18% from 18 to 15. In 1986 geriatric medicine had the highest rate of domiciliary consultation per consultant (187) followed by psychiatry (89), general medicine (52), dermatology (49), rheumatology (42), general surgery (36), gastroenterology (35), thoracic medicine (34), and orthopaedics (30). In 1986 all specialties apart from clinical pharmacology and therapeutics and clinical genetics showed a decrease in the yearly rate of domiciliary consultation when compared with the rate for 1981. Domiciliary consultation seems to have become a domiciliary visit by the consultant alone. At an estimated cost of about 20m pounds for 1988 the scheme needs critical evaluation.
Radioactive Iodine Treatment of Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma with Clinical Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: ROBERT SMITH, CONRAD BLUM, RICHARD S. BENUA, RASHID A. FAWWAZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

We present a case of well-differentiated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with hyperfunctioning metastases and clinical thyrotoxicosis. The recommended I-131 treatment dose for patients with widespread bone metastases from thyroid carcinoma is 200 mCi. However, in a patient with hyperfunctioning metastatic tumor and increased radioiodine uptake, the treatment dose should be modified. Radiation dosimetry measurements performed on the patient in this study demonstrated that 132 mCi would be a safe therapeutic I-131 dose which would avoid injury to normal radiosensitive tissues. Consequently, she was given a 130-mCi therapeutic dose.
Trends in Infectious Disease and Cancer in HIV Infection
Authors: Stephen J. Seligman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 November 1996Trends in Infectious Disease and Cancer in HIV InfectionStephen J. Seligman, MD and Debra Gross, RDStephen J. Seligman, MDState University of New York Health Science Center Brooklyn, NY 11203.Search for more papers by this author and Debra Gross, RDState University of New York Health Science Center Brooklyn, NY 11203.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-9-199611010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Selik and colleagues [1] have called attention to the changes in infectious diseases and cancers listed on the death certificates of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The decreasing trends noted in some HIV-associated illnesses, including pneumocystosis, cryptococcosis, and candidiasis, are important and presumably reflect changes in prophylaxis and treatment. Accordingly, such data could be helpful in modifying patient care. Strikingly absent from the article by Selik and colleagues [1], however, is mention of the wasting syndrome and associated malnutrition. Unfortunately, diagnoses reflecting weight loss are frequently omitted from death certificates.A recent case at our ...References1. Selik RM, Chu SY, Ward JW. Trends in infectious diseases and cancers among persons dying of HIV infection in the United States from 1987 to 1992. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:933-6. Google Scholar2. Guenter P, Muurahainen N, Simons G, Kosok A, Cohan GR, Rudenstein R, et al. Relationships among nutritional status, disease progression, and survival in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993; 6:1130-8. Google Scholar3. Semba RD, Caiaffa WT, Graham NM, Cohn S, Vlahov D. Vitamin A deficiency and wasting as predictors of mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users. J Infect Dis. 1995; 171:1196-202. Google Scholar4. Grunfeld C, Feingold KR. Metabolic disturbances and wasting in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:329-37. Google Scholar5. Kotler DP, Tierney AR, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr. Magnitude of body-cell-mass depletion and the timing of death from wasting in AIDS. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989; 50:444-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York Health Science Center Brooklyn, NY 11203. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIncident hypertension in older women and men with or at risk for HIV infection 1 November 1996Volume 125, Issue 9Page: 777KeywordsBody weightCancer immunotherapyHIVHIV infectionsInfectious diseasesMalnutritionPatientsPulmonary diseasesResearch laboratoriesWeight loss Issue Published: 1 November 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE TREATMENT OF LEPROSY.
Authors: A. H. OHMANN-DUMESNIL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Leprosy, that awe-inspiring scourge of the human race, stands to-day an unsolved problem awaiting a proper solution. It is the great riddle of the Sphinx which some unknown (Edipus may perhaps solve. From time immemorial it has engaged the attention of the most learned sages, philosophers and men of science, and it stands to-day as mysterious and as awful as it did at the beginning. It is the black and lowering cloud over humanity which even we, with our boasted scientific attainments, have not yet been able to dispel, and all our puny efforts have resulted in the same failures that the misdirected labors of our forebears did. It is the one problem before which every one must bow and acknowledge<i>non possum</i>. It is the most stubborn, as well as the most difficult with which to grapple, of the great triad, the two other members of which are tuberculosis
Symbolic, numeric, and magnitude representations in the parietal cortex
Authors: Miriam Rosenberg-Lee, Jessica M. Tsang, Vinod Menon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We concur with Cohen Kadosh &amp; Walsh (CK&amp;W) that representation of numbers in the parietal cortex is format dependent. In addition, we suggest that all formats do not automatically, and equally, access analog magnitude representation in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Understanding how development, learning, and context lead to differential access of analog magnitude representation is a key question for future research.
Effects of diuretics on microsomal (Na+, K+)-ATPase in the human heart and the rat heart and kidney
Authors: K. Gibson, P. Harris
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article Effects of diuretics on microsomal (Na+, K+)-ATPase in the human heart and the rat heart and kidney Get access Keith Gibson, Keith Gibson From the William E. Dunn Laboratories for Cardiovascular Metabolism, Institute of Cardiology, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Harris Peter Harris From the William E. Dunn Laboratories for Cardiovascular Metabolism, Institute of Cardiology, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 3, July 1970, Pages 343–347, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.3.343 Published: 01 July 1970 Article history Accepted: 24 October 1969 Published: 01 July 1970
The analysis of clinico-pathologic characteristics in patients who underwent surgery due to stricturing and non-perineal fistulizing forms of Crohn's disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Murat Cayci, Erdal Birol Bostanci, Nesrin Turhan, Kerem Karaman, Tahsin Dalgic, Ilter Ozer, Metin Ercan, Murat Ulas, Musa Akoglu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Control of fluid absorption in the renal proximal tubule
Authors: Maurice B. Burg, Jack Orloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Glomerulotubular balance was investigated in isolated, perfused rabbit proximal tubules in vitro in order to evaluate some of the mechanisms proposed to account for the proportionate relationship between glomerular filtration rate and fluid absorption generally observed in vivo. The rate of fluid transport from lumen to bath in proximal convoluted tubules in vitro was approximately equal to the estimated normal rate in vivo. The absorption rate in proximal straight tubules however was approximately one-half as great. If the mechanism responsible for maintenance of glomerulotubular balance is intrinsic to the proximal tubule, as has been proposed on the basis of micropuncture studies, the rate of fluid absorption in vitro should be directly related to the perfusion rate and/or tubule volume. In the present studies absorption rate was only minimally affected when perfusion rate was increased or the tubule distended. Thus, glomerulotubular balance is not mediated by changes in velocity of flow of the tubular fluid or tubular diameter and therefore is not an intrinsic property of the proximal tubule. It has also been proposed that glomerulotubular balance results from a humoral feedback mechanism in which angiotensin directly inhibits fluid absorption by the proximal convoluted tubule. In the present experiments, angiotensin was found to have no significant effect on absorption rate.
[740] ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS USING LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT (LSM) IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: P. Nahon, M. Ziol, V. de Ledinghen, C. Douvin, P. Marcellin, N. Ganne-Carrie, J.C. Trinchet, M. Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Finger Necrosis due to Mittens
Authors: P. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

It is conjectural how traction works, but the most likely effects are: (1) it alters the relationship between the outgoing nerve root and the inflamed neuro-central joint;(2) during traction circulation in the affected capsule becomes more normal and the oedema is reduced.Once the attack has subsided the previous range of cervical movement nor- mally returns spontaneously, so that it is unnecessary to prescribe neck-mobilizing exercises.-Iam, etc., London W.1.
Paris and the Midnight Sun.
Authors: Geo. M. Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Members of theAssociationwho intend crossing the Atlantic to be present at the Thirtieth International Medical Congress should read the following, which explains itself:  War Department, Surgeon-General's Office,  Washington, D. C., April 13, 1900.  Henry Gaze & Sons, 113Broadway, New York, N. Y.  Gentlemen:  I have received your circular headed Paris and the Midnight Sun and stating that a committee has been organized to arrange for this trip. Will you kindly inform me by what authority my name has been included among the members of this committee? I have no knowledge of my appointment upon such a committee, or of such a committee having met to consider the matter referred to, and I have no intention of making the trip which you advertise.  Very truly yours,
Review of Psychosomatic Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Andrew B. Littman
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

This review deals with the clinically most relevant psychosomatic aspects of cardiovascular disease. Smoking cessation, the role of physical activity in the prevention and rehabilitation of cardiac disease, the relationship of cholesterol to behavior, depression and heart disease, the pharmacotherapy of depression in this specific patient population, the psychiatric risk factors for coronary artery disease, and the treatment of hostility, stress and type A behavior are discussed.
855-4 Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived parameters of right ventricular function correlate significantly with hemodynamic data in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Roxana Sulica, Howard Dinh, Teresa Rius, Rafael Salguero, Javier Sanz, Paola Kuschnir, Erik Altman, Valentin Fuster, Michael Poon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Analytic validity of genetic tests to identify factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A
Authors: Ashkan Emadi, Matthew T. Crim, Daniel J. Brotman, Alejandro J. Necochea, Lipika Samal, Lisa M. Wilson, Eric B. Bass, Jodi B. Segal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract The objective of this study is to systematically review methods for detecting Factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A. English‐language literature from MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, The Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycInfo©, 2000‐December 2008. Studies assessed methods for detection of these mutations in at least 10 human blood samples and reported concordance, discordance, or reproducibility. Two investigators abstracted data on the sample selection criteria, test operators, DNA extraction, experimental test, reference standard, commercial instruments, concordance rates, explanation of any discordance, and whether discordance resolved after repetition. We assessed strength of the evidence using the GRADE criteria. We reviewed 7,777 titles and included 66 articles. The majority of the reviewed studies used PCR‐RFLP or AS‐PCR as the reference standard. The studies demonstrated that commercially available and precommercial tests have high analytic validity with all having greater than 99% concordance with the reference standard. With a few exceptions, discordance resolved with repetition of the test, suggesting operator or administrative errors were responsible for the discordant results. In the quality assurance studies, greater than 98% of laboratories demonstrated high, even perfect, accuracy when asked to diagnose a sample with a known mutation. The majority of errors came from a limited number of laboratories. Although not all methods may be accurate, there is high‐grade evidence that genetic tests for the detection of FVL and prothrombin G20210A have excellent analytic validity. There is high‐grade evidence that most, but not all, clinical laboratories test for FVL and prothrombin G20210A accurately. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Plasma of Never Smokers with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Receiving Gefitinib or Standard Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy
Authors: Young Joo Lee, Kyong-Ah Yoon, Ji-Youn Han, Heung Tae Kim, Tak Yun, Geon Kook Lee, Hyae Young Kim, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Circulating cell-free DNA (CFDNA) was investigated as potential screening or prognostic markers in a variety of cancers. This study investigated its clinical significance in a homogeneous group of lung cancer patients.We analyzed the blood samples of 134 never smokers with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, who were enrolled in a prospective randomized phase III study (First-SIGNAL) comparing gefitinib with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) as first-line therapy. The amount of plasma CFDNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR targeting the human ACTB genomic sequence. The patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of baseline plasma CFDNA.Baseline plasma CFDNA did not correlate with primary tumor size (P = 0.961), whereas the number of metastatic sites correlated significantly with baseline plasma CFDNA (P = 0.015). In the GP arm, the low-CFDNA group showed a lower response rate than the middle- or high-CFDNA group (26.1%, 57.9%, and 60.9%, respectively; P = 0.035). However, in the gefitinib arm, there was no difference in response rate between the three CFDNA groups (57.1%, 47.4%, and 51.9%; respectively; P = 0.825). The high tertile CFDNA group showed a significantly shorter survival than the low tertile CFDNA group (median overall survival, 16.0 vs. 28.6 months, respectively; P = 0.030). The risk of death increased with increased baseline plasma CFDNA (HR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.01-1.50; P = 0.045).High plasma CFDNA is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor survival outcomes in these patients.