tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Complications in Surgery
Authors: Benson B. Roe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

RESPIRATORY complications continue to play a significant part in postoperative morbidity and mortality in spite of important advances in anesthetic and surgical management. The reported incidence of these complications ranges from 1.2 per cent1 to 43.5 per cent,2 and the criteria for diagnosis are necessarily arbitrary. The wide margin of safety in the low-risk patient and the remarkable capacity of most patients to recover from complications tend to obscure the importance of the hazard in the ordinary surgical patient. The increase in volume of geriatric surgery and the recent introduction of high-risk cardiopulmonary surgery have again brought into focus the . . .
Aromatase inhibitor cuts risk of recurrence of breast cancer
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Switching postmenopausal women with breast cancer to the aromatase inhibitor exemestane after two to three years of treatment with tamoxifen keeps them free of disease for longer than treating them with tamoxifen alone, suggests an interim analysis of trial data. After a median of 30 months follow up, it made little difference to survival, however.

The authors conclude that standard adjuvant treatment with five years of tamoxifen may no …
Detection of Undiagnosed Diabetes and Other Hyperglycemia States
Authors: Maria Inês Schmidt, Bruce B. Duncan, Alvaro Vigo, James Pankow, Christie M. Ballantyne, David Couper, Frederick Brancati, Aaron R. Folsom
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate screening strategies based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), clinical information, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for detection of diabetes or other hyperglycemic states—impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance—meriting clinical intervention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied 8,286 African-American and white men and women without known diabetes, aged 53–75 years, who received an OGTT during the fourth exam of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Using a split sample technique, we estimated the diagnostic properties of various clinical detection rules derived from logistic regression modeling. Screening strategies utilizing FPG, these detection rules, and/or the OGTT were then compared in terms of both the fraction of hyperglycemia cases detected and the sample fraction receiving different screening tests and identified as screen positive. RESULTS—Screening based on the IFG cut point (≥6.1 mmol/l), followed by a clinical detection rule for those below this value, detected 86.3% of diabetic case subjects and 66.0% of all hyperglycemia cases, identifying 42% of the sample as screen positive. Applying an OGTT for those positive by the rule provides diagnostic labeling and reduces the fraction that is screen positive to 29%. Another strategy, to apply an OGTT to those with an FPG cut point between 5.6 and 6.1 mmol/l, also identifies 29% of the sample as screen positive, although it detects slightly fewer hyperglycemia cases. CONCLUSIONS—Screening strategies based on FPG, complemented by clinical detection rules and/or an OGTT, are effective and practical in the detection of hyperglycemic states meriting clinical intervention.
Future of preventive dentistry Caries in children ignored
Authors: G B Winter, A R P Walker, P E Cleaton-Jones, A Mulford
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Cancer support group 20t Aromatherapy 1 6 Movement/exercise therapy 16 Breathing techniques 17 Acupuncture 1 5 Osteopathy 14 Music therapy 12Reflexology 1 3 Chiropractic 1 3 Meditation 1 3 Homoeopathy 1 0 Healing 9 Other4 67 *Excludes four patients who used only counselling.tExcludes five patients who used only telephone helpline or support group.
The Unrelenting Epidemic of Violence in America
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Three years ago, violence in America was declared a public health emergency.<sup>1</sup>Since that time, the urgency of reducing death and disability caused by the national epidemic of violence has not diminished. The morbidity and mortality resulting from interpersonal violence have been unrelenting, have continued to increase, and have been punctuated by widely publicized acute exacerbations. The tragic bombing in Oklahoma City and the Simpson murder trial serve as grim reminders of both the pervasiveness of violence in US society and the potential vulnerability of all US citizens to acts of violence. This issue ofThe Journalcontains a collection of articles presenting new research on interpersonal violence. Among the studies are updated reports on firearm-related injuries and deaths, unique findings on factors associated with intraracial homicides and weapon involvement in home invasion crimes, and clinically relevant current information on domestic violence against women. Taken together, these articles provide
Mechanism and Significance of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Authors: G. Ruhenstroth-Bauer
Journal: BMJ (1961)

To determine the nature and extent of pathological changes in the small airways induced by asbestos, the pathological lesions of fibrosis and pigmentation of the membranous and respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts in lungs obtained from necropy from a group of 36 non-asbestotic long term chrysotile miners and 36 age, sex, and smoking matched controls who had no history of exposure to dust were compared. The airways were graded using a standard visual grading system. Appreciably greater airway fibrosis was found for all types of airway in the whole group of miners compared with the controls. Differences for pigmentation were generally similar but less pronounced. It is concluded that long term exposure to mineral dust as an asbestos miner produces severe diffuse pathological changes in the small airways; these findings may relate to the physiological observation of unusual degrees of airflow obstruction in this group of workers.
Men on top
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Last month an American publisher, Rodale Press, launched Men's Health in Britain. Don't be deceived by the magazine's unambiguous title. There is little in here about health. On the front cover is an unlikely cocktail of sex, scuba diving, dieting advice, and fighter jets. Even more baffling is the cover photograph of a wet looking man with his mouth open and a dead wasp on his forehead. Confused, I turned to the contents pages searching for informed articles on heart disease, peptic ulcer, and AIDS.

Of the 32 features listed, only eight are loosely connected with health. Most of the rest are about sex. Where to find it, how to do it, getting more of it, and how to avoid those embarrassing pitfalls for the unwary. “Your babysitter may be the embodiment of succulent young womanhood, but to you, she's forever …
Cardiac Arrhythmia: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Bernhard A. Kats
Journal: JAMA (1995)

From the beginning the heart has been considered the center of life.<i>Cardiac Arrhythmia</i>illustrates this preoccupation with our time clock. The book is directed to a select audience of electrophysiologists, cardiologists, internists, and trainees. It is always exciting to review a first edition. Drs Podrid and Kowey justify the creation of this new book by pointing out "that there are moments in this ever changing field that one has to take a breath, look back, summarize what is known and then put this into perspective." Back in the 1950s, as student at William Einthoven's University of Leiden, I attended a lecture by Dr von Muralt, renowned Swiss electrophysiologist, on the glass microelectrode. With the help of this new tool, his pupils had discovered the importance of regional elevation of extracellular potassium ion concentration in the genesis of proarrhythmias. He compared himself to a chicken that had hatched a nest
Use of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography and Sonication for Detection of Infection After Peripheral Stent Fracture
Authors: Xavier Berard, Jean-Baptiste Pinaquy, Laurent Stecken, Heidi Wille, Sebastien Deglise, Eric Ducasse, Dominique Midy, Laurence Bordenave
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Concern, cooperation, and coexistence in healing
Authors: R E S Tanner
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Consideration for and interest in modern traditional medicine in east Africa by scientific medicine face three barriers; the cultural and social distance between the two professions; institutional restrictions and professional etiquette which limit contacts; and the scientific mentality and training.

It seems, therefore, that the medical profession holds all the high cards and that any cooperation would have to be on the doctors' terms, but is their position really so superior?

Most developing countries have Western-style medical systems, which are underfunded, understaffed, underpaid, and deal with rapidly expanding populations. They cannot provide a personal or adequate service because of the shortage of drugs, staff moonlighting, the need to pay for services, and the preference of the senior staff to work in the major towns.

The ways in which medical services are provided alienate patients, and the cures proposed are not only outside …
Spotlight on stem cells?makes old hearts fresh
Authors: M VANDERHEYDEN, J HESCHELER, C MUMMERY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Time for primary review 1 day. 

…makes old hearts fresh… A winter's tale; William Shakespeare

Is there a better way to restore function of a damaged organ than simply by replacing it?

The idea of transplantation has caught the imagination throughout history, leading to the creation of mythological figures like the sphinx, mermaids and centaurs; all examples of xenotransplantation. Centuries later, transplantation fantasy and technology came into the hands of the medical profession, with Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) being an extreme example from classical literature, which, fortunately, does not reflect clinical results of those times.

Modern stem cell based transplantation in humans originates in blood and bone marrow research. In the late 19th century, the concept of blood forming stem cells was formed [1–3]. This important concept was further studied and elaborated in the next decades by, among others, Pappenheim and Ferrata. The first therapeutic use of bone marrow was described in 1896. Here, bone marrow extract was given orally as treatment for leukemia [4]. Bone marrow cell transplantation was first performed by Schretzenmayr in 1937 when he injected freshly aspirated bone marrow intramuscularly to treat parasitic infection [5]. Soon afterwards, in 1939, Osgood infused bone marrow intravenously to correct primary bone marrow disorders [6]. Since then, interest in bone marrow transplantation research and therapy continued to increase, especially during the Cold War as a potential therapy for otherwise lethal irradiation damage. During the late 1960s successful bone marrow transplantations were reported in man [7,8]. Today, bone marrow transplantation is a routine treatment for various haematopoietic diseases.

While research on adult stem cells originates in blood and bone marrow research, that on embryonic stem cells derives from studies on fertility and a particular tumor known as teratocarcinoma. These tumors consist of many differentiated tissues but … 

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-30-253-8418; fax: +31-30-253-9036.
Surgical treatment of ankle instability in athletes.
Authors: B. Kristiansen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

Eighteen athletes with symptoms of recurrent sprain and instability of the ankle during activity were treated by reconstructing the lateral ligament by the Evans technique. Before the operation 55 per cent had given up all athletic activities because of pain, swelling or instability, and 17 per cent had restricted their activities. The average age at operation was 24.6 years and the average follow-up period 3.1 years. Normal stability was achieved in 67 per cent and improved stability in 11 per cent, but only 33 per cent were still engaged in athletic activities without any complaints from the ankle. The results are similar to other methods of surgical repair.
Equity in the NHS
Authors: A Ritch
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Margaret Whitehead's picture of health services before the establishment of the NHS reminds us of the dangers of market forces operating in health care.1 She indicates clearly that we are now well along the road to requiring certain sections of the population to pay directly for the consequences of ill health. What causes the greatest concern, though, is that the main financial burden is falling on the most disadvantaged in society.

The continuing care of older people has in effect …
Diabetes care: whose responsibility?
Authors: R. G Pietroni
Journal: BMJ (1984)

practitioner (with hardware and software provided by the Greater London Council funded London New Technology Network), to encourage clinical review and regular assess- ment of biochemical control.If, as in the east London study,' most general practitioner supervised patients once attended a hospital diabetic clinic it should be possible to build most of the register from hospital records.The remainder may be provided by general practi- tioner disease lists and prescription returns for hypoglycaemic drugs and urine testing agents.
EU tightens regulations on food labelling
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The European Union has approved two pieces of legislation that set new standards for the claims that food manufacturers make about their products.

The first is designed to combat false or misleading terms such as “fat free,” “high fibre,” or “low alcohol” on the labels of a host of everyday products. The second introduces new rules on the addition of vitamins and minerals to foods.

The food labelling measures, which were overwhelmingly approved by the European parliament on 16 May by 614 votes to eight with 16 abstentions, will be …
Silica nanogelling of environment-responsive PEGylated polyplexes for enhanced stability and intracellular delivery of siRNA
Authors: Noha Gouda, Kanjiro Miyata, R. James Christie, Tomoya Suma, Akihiro Kishimura, Shigeto Fukushima, Takahiro Nomoto, Xueying Liu, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Quantitative analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response at different stages of HIV-1 infection: differential CTL responses to HIV-1 and Epstein-Barr virus in late disease.
Authors: A Carmichael, X Jin, P Sissons, L Borysiewicz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are part of the cellular immune response to human persistent virus infections. Measurements of the frequency and specificity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CTL and their variation with time may indicate their relative importance in modulating the progression of HIV-1 infection. We have used limiting dilution analysis (LDA) to derive quantitative estimates of the frequency of HIV-1-specific CTL precursors in a cross-sectional study of 23 patients at different clinical stages of HIV-1 infection and to compare these with the frequency of CTL precursors specific for another persistent virus (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) in the same patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro with autologous HIV-1-infected lymphoblasts and assayed for cytotoxicity in 51Cr release assays against autologous and MHC-mismatched lymphoblastoid B cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the three HIV-1 structural gene products. The frequency of MHC-restricted precursors was high in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients (env-specific CTL precursors up to 73/10(6) PBMC; gag-specific CTL precursors up to 488/10(6) PBMC), although the relative frequency against the different structural gene products varied from patient to patient. The HIV-1-specific CTL precursor frequency was reduced in patients who had more severe (&amp;lt; 400/microliters) CD4+ lymphocyte depletion, while in the majority of such patients the frequency of CTL precursors against EBV was maintained at levels observed in healthy controls. Direct CTL activity in unstimulated PBMC was observed in three of nine patients but no correlation was found between the presence of an activated CTL response and the magnitude of the CTL response detected after stimulation in LDA. Thus, CTL precursors were detected against all three HIV-1 structural gene products in patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts &amp;gt; 400/microliters, at frequencies that are high compared with those reported for other persistent viruses. A CTL response directed against multiple protein antigens of HIV-1 may protect the patient against epitope variation. The fact that the EBV-specific CTL precursor frequencies were maintained in advanced HIV-1 infection suggests that there may be selective impairment of the HIV-1-specific CTL response associated with disease progression.
Campaigners predict a complete public smoking ban for England
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Campaigners believe that a complete smoking ban in public places in England, rather than just a partial ban, is within their grasp after the government's decision to give Labour MPs a free vote on the issue. About 70 Labour MPs, including health secretary Patricia Hewitt, are expected to vote for an extension to the partial ban included in the health bill to all pubs, bars, and clubs. The legislation is expected to reach its final …
Research Animals: Abstracts Available
Authors: LOWELL T. HARMISON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 July 1972Research Animals: Abstracts AvailableLOWELL T. HARMISON, PH.D.LOWELL T. HARMISON, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-1-154_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The National Heart and Lung Institute is pleased to announce the availability of abstracts of the National Conference on Research Animals in Medicine, held 28-30 January 1972 at the Washington Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C. The conference included a review of animal models simulating various cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic diseases; of pertinent physiological and biological data concerning the use of large animal species, dog, calf, sheep, minipig, pony, and primate, in medical research; of surgical techniques in large animals; of equipment and techniques for monitoring respiratory and cardiac functions and circulatory dynamics; of the pharmacology of anesthetics, cardiac... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1972Volume 77, Issue 1Page: 154-154KeywordsAnestheticsAnimal modelsHeartHeart diseasesLungsPharmacologyPulmonary diseasesRespiratory physiologySystemic diseasesVentilators ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mutations in theMCFD2 gene and a novel mutation in theLMAN1 gene in Indian families with combined deficiency of factor V and VIII
Authors: Dipika Mohanty, Kanjaksha Ghosh, Shrimati Shetty, Marta Spreafico, Isabella Garagiola, Flora Peyvandi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Combined deficiency of factors V (FV) and factor VIII (FVIII) (F5F8D) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by simultaneous moderate-to-mild decrease of both clotting proteins. Mutations in two components of the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC-53), i.e., lectin mannose binding protein (LMAN1) and multiple coagulation factor deficiency 2 (MCFD2), have been found to be responsible for this dual deficiency in most of the cases reported in literature. Three Indian families with F5F8D were analyzed for the presence of mutations in their LMAN1 and MCFD2 genes. One of the three families showed the presence of a G to A substitution in exon 2 of the MCFD2 gene, whereas another family showed a nonsense mutation, i.e., G to T substitution, in exon 2 of the LMAN1 gene, the latter being a novel mutation not previously reported. The third family did not show mutations in either of the two genes, suggesting that a significant subset of F5F8D cases may be due to additional genes resulting in a similar phenotype. Am. J. Hematol. 79:262–266, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lentiviral Vectors: Regulated Gene Expression
Authors: Tal Kafri, Henriette van Praag, Fred H. Gage, Inder M. Verma
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Lentiviral vectors can deliver and express genes in a wide variety of dividing and nondividing cells. These include terminally differentiated neurons, myotubes, hepatocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells. We now describe the generation of lentiviral vectors in which the expression of the transgene can be regulated. We have developed an inducible lentiviral vector system that contains the entire tetracycline (Tet)-regulated system developed by H. Bujard and colleagues. The novel vector expresses the GFP reporter gene and the tetracycline transactivator under the control of the tetracycline-inducible promoter and the human CMV promoter, respectively. In vitro transduction of human 293 cells resulted in a very low basal expression of GFP in the presence of the effector substance doxycyline. Withdrawal of doxycyline induced a more than 500-fold increase in transgene expression. Switching transgene expression "off and on" did not change either the kinetics or the magnitude of induction. Maximal suppression of GFP mRNA transcription was achieved within 24 h of addition of the drug; however, due to the slow turnover rate of GFP, green fluorescent cells could be detected up to 10 days following doxycyline treatment. Following transduction of rat brain with recombinant lentiviruses, doxycyline-regulated GFP expression could be observed in terminally differentiated neurons. Specifically, by adding or withdrawing doxycyline from the rats' drinking water, induction and suppression of GFP expression could be regulated in vivo. These studies show that an inducible lentiviral vector can deliver and regulate transgene expression in vivo. We believe that regulated gene expression is an essential tool for successful gene therapy approaches.
FIFTY YEARS OF PROGRESS IN THE TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA
Authors: VICTOR G. VECKI
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Until fifty years ago there were sporadic attempts at treating gonorrhea by means of local measures, but practically the treatment was limited to internal medication. The patients were placed on a more or less severe diet, they were purged, and the different herbs and balsamic remedies were fed to them in the form of pills, drops, electuaries, decoctions and emulsions. Frequently the kidneys received injuries from which they did not always recover. The results as to the cure of the gonorrhea were prompt in some cases and lingering in others; some patients were never cured. The reasons given by practitioners to explain failures were transgressions against diet, transgressions against the prescribed mode of living, sexual excitement, and reinfection. These excuses became standard and have not changed much in the last fifty years. <h3>URETHRAL SYRINGE</h3> Then came Sigmund of Vienna, with his urethral syringe, made of zinc, the barrel all one
Isotope Cisternography with lndium-111 DTP A in a Patient with Nearly No Intellectual Deficits and Extensive Hydrocephalus
Authors: F GR??NWALD, R SCHALNUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case of inborn normotensive hydrocephalus without imposing intellectual sequels is presented. Isotope cisternography with In-111 DTPA pathologically showed a flow of the tracer into the ventricles, which should not be misinterpreted as a hemispherical accumulation. CT scan showed the extreme extension of the ventricular system and compression of the brain tissue.