tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ciprofloxacin-warfarin coagulopathy: A case series
Authors: Robert J. Ellis, Matthew S. Mayo, David M. Bodensteiner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Ciprofloxacin, when given to patients previously anticoagulated with warfarin, can occasionally cause an exaggerated hypoprothombinemic response and bleeding diatheses. Two such cases encountered at our institution are presented and data is combined with 64 cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Spontaneous Reporting System (SRS) database, which included all cases reported from 1987 through 1997. Of 66 total cases the median age was 72 (range 36–94). The mean time to detection of the coagulopathy following the ciprofloxacin challenge was 5.5 days (n = 50). Hospitalization was reported in 15 cases, bleeding in 25 cases, and death in one case. The median prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) was 38.0 (n = 13) and 10.0 (n = 23), respectively. The mean number of medications taken was 6.5 (n = 45). The mean time to correction was significantly shorter between the treated (2.5 days) and the untreated (4.0 days) groups (P < 0.008). The ciprofloxacin–warfarin coagulopathy occurred most commonly in patients in their seventh decade and in those who require polypharmacy. Active treatment of the coagulopathy results in more rapid resolution than observation alone. Clinicians should be aware of the potential bleeding complications that can occur with the ciprofloxacin–warfarin drug–drug interaction. Am. J. Hematol. 63:28–31, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ultraviolet B 308-nm excimer laser treatment of psoriasis: a new phototherapeutic approach
Authors: W. Gerber, B. Arheilger, T.A. Ha, J. Hermann, H.M. Ockenfels
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Excimer laser‐derived 308‐nm ultraviolet (UV) B therapy is a new alternative for treating psoriasis by phototherapy. Some studies have been made showing the effectiveness of intralesional phototherapy technology in treating psoriasis. However, there has been no information available so far with regard to the cumulative dosage on a larger group of patients and on therapy optimized treatment strategies. Objectives One hundred and twenty psoriatic patients were treated according to standard protocol to define the effectiveness. Our aim was to develop new parameters and determine whether effectiveness could be improved and whether treatment exposure, the cumulative UVB dose and adverse effects could be minimized. Methods Initially, the excimer laser's effectiveness in treating psoriasis was evaluated in an open prospective study according to standard protocol. This included 120 adult patients (67 female/53 male) with chronic plaque psoriasis and < 20% involved body surface. The initial dose was based on three multiples of a predetermined minimal erythema dose (MED). Patients were treated twice a week for the first 3 weeks, then once a week until clearance was achieved. The main parameters were the initial starting dose, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), the number of treatments needed, the time in treatment and the cumulative dose needed to clear psoriatic plaques. Thereafter, 43 patients were treated as a second comparable group. Therapy began with a starter dose, defined as MED‐I. MED‐I was defined as a UVB 308‐nm dose which provoked a visible increase in erythema after 24 h. In addition, the epidermal thickness of the plaques was measured on an individual basis by 20‐MHz ultrasound and correlated to the MED‐I. Results Of the patients who met the standard protocol, 65·7% were at least 90% clear after a maximum of 10 treatments; an even greater number (85·3%) showed a ≥ 90% improvement in PASI after 13 sessions, while 14·7% of patients had only a ≤ 50% PASI improvement. The cumulative UVB dose was 11·25 ± 4·21 J cm−2 and the average treatment time was 7·2 weeks. Patients treated individually with the MED‐I starter dose showed nearly identical rates of clearance (83·7%), but were clear in 7·07 ± 2·15 sessions with a cumulative dose of 6·25 ± 4·02 J cm−2. Conclusions The majority of our patients benefited greatly from laser‐derived 308‐nm UVB therapy, which cleared skin lesions faster than conventional phototherapy. As this therapy targets only the involved skin, the thickness of the plaques and individual MED‐I should determine the initial dose, thus increasing the effectiveness of the therapy. We propose that light therapy sparing uninvolved skin will become predominant in the future.
Costimulation by CD48 and B7-1 induces immunity against poorly immunogenic tumors.
Authors: Y Li, K E Hellstrom, S A Newby, L Chen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Genetic modification of many types of mouse tumors to express the B7-1 or B7-2 molecules, natural ligands for the T cell-costimulatory molecule CD28, increases their immunogenicity. However, even after transfection with the B7-1 and/or B7-2 genes, poorly immunogenic tumors fail to elicit and efficient immune response. We report here that two such tumors, the Ag104A sarcoma and the K1735-M2 melanoma, become immunogenic after transfection of the genes encoding murine B7-1 together with CD48, which is the natural ligand for CD2. Tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes were readily generated and were effective for adoptive immunotherapy of metastasis induced by wild-type Ag104A sarcoma cells. A similar approach may be useful for developing therapy for other poorly immunogenic tumors, including those in humans.
Trends in Infection Source and Mortality among Patients with Septic Shock
Authors: Allan J. Walkey, Renda Soylemez Wiener
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

guidance (5), recent findings suggest dust exposures have not been adequately controlled and that a substantial portion of U.S. coal miners continue to develop PMF.On August 1, 2014, NIOSH issued an interim final rule modifying existing regulations to include surface coal miners in the CWHSP (6).In addition, the interim final rule expands medical surveillance beyond occupational history and chest radiography to include respiratory symptom assessment and spirometry testing for the recognition of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among all working coal miners.We believe that expanded medical surveillance is an important part of ensuring success in efforts to protect U.S. coal miners from this deadly but entirely preventable disease.
Cardiomyogenesis in the Aging and Failing Human Heart
Authors: Jan Kajstura, Marcello Rota, Donato Cappetta, Barbara Ogórek, Christian Arranto, Yingnan Bai, João Ferreira-Martins, Sergio Signore, Fumihiro Sanada, Alex Matsuda, James Kostyla, Maria-Virginia Caballero, Claudia Fiorini, David A. D'Alessandro, Robert E. Michler, Federica del Monte, Toru Hosoda, Mark A. Perrella, Annarosa Leri, Bruce A. Buchholz, Joseph Loscalzo, Piero Anversa
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Two opposite views of cardiac growth are currently held; one views the heart as a static organ characterized by a large number of cardiomyocytes that are present at birth and live as long as the organism, and the other views the heart a highly plastic organ in which the myocyte compartment is restored several times during the course of life.The average age of cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and fibroblasts and their turnover rates were measured by retrospective (14)C birth dating of cells in 19 normal hearts 2 to 78 years of age and in 17 explanted failing hearts 22 to 70 years of age. We report that the human heart is characterized by a significant turnover of ventricular myocytes, ECs, and fibroblasts, physiologically and pathologically. Myocyte, EC, and fibroblast renewal is very high shortly after birth, decreases during postnatal maturation, remains relatively constant in the adult organ, and increases dramatically with age. From 20 to 78 years of age, the adult human heart entirely replaces its myocyte, EC, and fibroblast compartment ≈8, ≈6, and ≈8 times, respectively. Myocyte, EC, and fibroblast regeneration is further enhanced with chronic heart failure.The human heart is a highly dynamic organ that retains a remarkable degree of plasticity throughout life and in the presence of chronic heart failure. However, the ability to regenerate cardiomyocytes, vascular ECs, and fibroblasts cannot prevent the manifestations of myocardial aging or oppose the negative effects of ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Abstract 4116: Relationship between K-ras 4A and superoxide in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines
Authors: Richard J. Calvert, Anna E. Maciag, Lucy M. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The K-ras gene is mutated in 30-50% of human lung adenocarcinomas, and even more frequently in cancers of colon and pancreas. It exists in two protein isoforms, K-ras 4A and 4B. Their amino acid sequence is very similar, except for marked differences in the hypervariable domain near the carboxyl terminus. K-ras 4B, with a polylysine tail, is unique among the ras gene products and is the dominant K-ras isoform in most tissues. Wild-type K-ras 4B has tumor suppressor activity (Zhang et al. Nature Gen. 29:25, 2001), whereas K-ras 4A was recently found to be necessary for lung tumor development in mice (To et al. Nature Gen. 40:1240, 2008). In search of an oncogenic function for K-ras 4A in lung cancer, we previously demonstrated a highly significant (P&amp;lt;0.01) positive correlation between K-ras 4A expression, at both mRNA and protein levels, and superoxide amounts in a panel of 11 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (Proc. Am. Assoc. for Cancer Research 50: (#437)). Superoxide has been widely implicated in cancer causation and progression. In the present study, we test whether there is a cause-effect relationship between expression of K-ras 4A and superoxide production. Cell line H441 expresses high levels of both superoxide and K-ras 4A. Superoxide levels were determined using a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay and K-ras 4A protein levels quantified by immunoblot with a specific antibody. Results are means ± SEMs. The effect of reduced levels of K-ras 4A on superoxide production was determined using a K-ras 4A silencing siRNA, which reduced K-ras 4A protein by 60.2 ± 3.0% after 72 hours of siRNA treatment. This reduction had no effect on superoxide (control 1.13 ± 0.08, siRNA 1.17 ± 0.08 nmol NBT reduced/ug protein). The effect of reduced levels of superoxide on K-ras 4A expression was determined using 5 mM Tiron, an electron scavenger. A 36% decrease in superoxide did not affect K-ras 4A protein levels (control 26.90 ± 0.89 vs. Tiron-treated 26.89 ± 1.91, arbitrary units). If these preliminary results are confirmed with additional cell lines and reagents, they may suggest that both expression of K-ras 4A and production of superoxide are controlled by another, pro-oncogenic factor or set of conditions. In view of the importance of both K-ras and superoxide in cancer, discovery of this putative central pro-oncogenic regulator might offer an important preventive and therapeutic target in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4116.
Abstract 356: Global but not Liver-specific Inactivation of CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Results in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Lipid Accumulation
Authors: Eric E Morgan, Kelly J Ledford, Samer Khouri, Anish Purohit, Thomas Bowman, Sonia M Najjar, Sandrine V Pierre
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Liver fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity is acutely inhibited by transient increases in insulin via endocytosis of the CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1) and its subsequent binding to FAS. Mice with liver-specific inactivation of Ceacam1 (LSACC1) and mice with null mutation of Ceacam1 (Cc1 −/− ) exhibit hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, visceral obesity and increased circulating triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA). Hypothesis: Cc1 −/− and LSACC1 hearts exhibit elevated cardiac lipid content and hypertrophy. Results: Using 2D echocardiography, hypertrophy as evidenced by increased relative wall thickness (RWT; [calculated as: (septal wall + posterior wall thickness)/left ventricular end diastolic dimension]) in Cc1 −/− mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates (0.59 ± 0.06 vs 0.42 ± 0.03; n=14/group; p&lt;0.05). RWT was not different between LSACC1 and WT (0.59 ± 0.04 vs. 0.64 ± 0.05; n=7/group). Histological sections stained with H&amp;E demonstrated a significant increase in myocyte thickness in Cc1 −/− compared to WT(11.0 ± 0.3 μm vs 6.9 ±0.2μm; p&lt;0.001; Figure , A), and sections stained with Oil Red O revealed accumulations of neutral lipid in Cc1 −/− hearts (Figure , B). Myocardial triglyceride content and lipoperoxidation were significantly increased in Cc1 −/− hearts compared to WT (Figure , C). Conclusions: Cc1 −/− mice but not LSACC1 mice exhibit myocardial lipid accumulation and hypertrophy. These data suggest that cardiac CEACAM1 plays a key role in regulating cardiac fatty acid metabolism and that cardiac lipid accumulation and hypertrophy in the Cc1−/− mice result, in part, from the loss of cardiac CEACAM1. Figure. Representative photomicrographs (×400) of cardiac tissue from Cc1 +/+ and Cc1 −/− mice demonstrating increased cardiac myocyte thickening (Panel A, H&amp;E staining) and netural lipid accumulation (Panel B oil red O staining. Myocardial triglyceride content and lipid peroxidation as determined by the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly elevated in hearts from Cc1 −/− mice (Panel C).
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: reduced CD20 expression is associated with an inferior survival
Authors: Nathalie A. Johnson, Merrill Boyle, Ali Bashashati, Stephen Leach, Angela Brooks-Wilson, Laurie H. Sehn, Mukesh Chhanabhai, Ryan R. Brinkman, Joseph M. Connors, Andrew P. Weng, Randy D. Gascoyne
Journal: Blood (2008)
The Teaching of Psychiatry to the Nonpsychiatrist Physician
Authors: M. RALPH KAUFMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The author stresses the need for nonpsychiatrist physicians to learn about psychiatry in terms of their own frame of reference. This is also true of medical students, most of whom will not go into psychiatry. He outlines some of the reasons for the difficulties in equipping nonpsychiatrist physicians with psychiatric skills; some have to do with unconscious resistances and some with faulty teaching techniques. Use of a general hospital liaison service sometimes overcomes the difficulties.
DNA Topoisomerase II in Therapy-Related Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Anita R. Mistry, Carolyn A. Felix, Ryan J. Whitmarsh, Annabel Mason, Andreas Reiter, Bruno Cassinat, Anne Parry, Christoph Walz, Joseph L. Wiemels, Mark R. Segal, Lionel Adès, Ian A. Blair, Neil Osheroff, Andrew J. Peniket, Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff, Nicholas C.P. Cross, Christine Chomienne, Ellen Solomon, Pierre Fenaux, David Grimwade
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Chromosomal translocations leading to chimeric oncoproteins are important in leukemogenesis, but how they form is unclear. We studied acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with the t(15;17) translocation that developed after treatment of breast or laryngeal cancer with chemotherapeutic agents that poison topoisomerase II.We used long-range polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis to characterize t(15;17) genomic breakpoints in therapy-related APL. To determine whether topoisomerase II was directly involved in mediating breaks of double-stranded DNA at the observed translocation breakpoints, we used a functional in vitro assay to examine topoisomerase II-mediated cleavage in the normal homologues of the PML and RARA breakpoints.Translocation breakpoints in APL that developed after exposure to mitoxantrone, a topoisomerase II poison, were tightly clustered in an 8-bp region within PML intron 6. In functional assays, this "hot spot" and the corresponding RARA breakpoints were common sites of mitoxantrone-induced cleavage by topoisomerase II. Etoposide and doxorubicin also induced cleavage by topoisomerase II at the translocation breakpoints in APL arising after exposure to these agents. Short, homologous sequences in PML and RARA suggested the occurrence of DNA repair by means of the nonhomologous end-joining pathway.Drug-induced cleavage of DNA by topoisomerase II mediates the formation of chromosomal translocation breakpoints in mitoxantrone-related APL and in APL that occurs after therapy with other topoisomerase II poisons.
The Plateau of the Action Potential of the Frog Ventricle
Authors: W. V. MACFARLANE
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

A study was made of the changés produced in action potentials of frog ventricular cells by variation in ion concentrations, by administration of NaN 3 , 2:4 DNP, NaCN, NaIA and N 2 which shortened the potentials. The exposure of the perfused tissue to ionized acridines, barbiturates and desoxyglucose caused a prolongation of the action potentials. These actions as obtained were reversible. The evidence from the time-course and differential effects of inhibitors suggests that an active ion transport, modulated by K o + may be important in maintaining the plateau phase of the action potential.
Childhood obesity can be prevented, says Cochrane
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Strategies to promote healthy eating and physical activity in schools and other settings are effective in preventing childhood obesity, says an updated Cochrane Collaboration review released this week. 

The publication is an update of a 2001 review that reached more equivocal conclusions when last updated in 2005. It includes 55 studies of interventions targeting children up to age 18 years, with most involving children aged 6 to 12 years.

The review’s lead author, Professor Elizabeth Waters, the Jack Brockhoff chair of child public health at the University of Melbourne, told the BMJ that the most effective interventions sought to change social and physical environments and norms, rather than just individual behaviour.

These included policies for healthy eating and physical activity in schools and early childcare settings, support for teachers and other …
Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia: case-control study
Authors: Richard Coker, Martin McKee, Rifat Atun, Boika Dimitrova, Ekaterina Dodonova, Sergei Kuznetsov, Francis Drobniewski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

To determine risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia.Case-control study of exposure to a variety of risk factors before and during the development of pulmonary tuberculosis.Large city in Russia.Cases were 334 consecutive adults diagnosed as having culture confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2003. Controls were 334 individuals sampled from a validated population registry, matched for age and sex to the patients with tuberculosis. A questionnaire collected information on potential risk factors.Risk factors associated with the development of tuberculosis.The main risk factors for tuberculosis were low accumulated wealth (univariate odds ratio 16.70), financial insecurity (5.67), consumption of unpasteurised milk (3.58), diabetes (2.66), living with a relative with tuberculosis (2.94), being unemployed (6.10), living in overcrowded conditions (2.99), illicit drug use (8.74), and a history of incarceration in both pretrial detention centres (5.70) and prison (12.50).When prevalence of exposure is taken into account the most important factors in the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia are exposure to raw milk and unemployment.
REVERSED COLLES FRACTURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THERAPY
Authors: GEORGE WEBB
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The extraordinary increase in bodily injuries within the past few years warrants frequent reviews of the knowledge of trauma therapy, to bring about a more accurate evaluation of all available information and its wider dissemination. Fractures about joints occupy an exceptionally important place in such a review. Because of the prehensile functions of the hand, fractures about the wrist have rightfully attracted a great deal of attention, thought and therapeutic endeavor. The importance of the typical Colles-Pouteau or Dupuytren fracture has been stressed by numerous authors recently, as well as in former years, but very little can be found in medical writings about the reverse Colles fracture or the so-called Smith fracture. It is true that this type of fracture, the characteristics of which will be elucidated later, is not frequently encountered. Nevertheless the surgeon should be familiar with the nature of this lesion, as it must be reckoned with
Studies on Congestive Circulatory Failure
Authors: HENRY A. SCHROEDER
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Chloride balances were determined in 40 patients suffering from congestive circulatory failure and 6 with normal cardiac function, while diuretics were administered. The effect of digitalis was to increase the renal excretion of chlorides and water about equally; this action was significant in only one-third of the cases. Mercurial diuretics primarily increased the urinary concentration of chlorides in every case except when plasma chlorides were low. A xanthine (theobromine) appeared to exert a greater action on the excretion of water than on chlorides.
Myeloid progenitors differentiate into microglia and promote vascular repair in a model of ischemic retinopathy
Authors: Matthew R. Ritter, Eyal Banin, Stacey K. Moreno, Edith Aguilar, Michael I. Dorrell, Martin Friedlander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Vision loss associated with ischemic diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy are often due to retinal neovascularization. While significant progress has been made in the development of compounds useful for the treatment of abnormal vascular permeability and proliferation, such therapies do not address the underlying hypoxia that stimulates the observed vascular growth. Using a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, we demonstrate that a population of adult BM-derived myeloid progenitor cells migrated to avascular regions of the retina, differentiated into microglia, and facilitated normalization of the vasculature. Myeloid-specific hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression was required for this function, and we also demonstrate that endogenous microglia participated in retinal vascularization. These findings suggest what we believe to be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ischemic retinopathies that promotes vascular repair rather than destruction.