tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Once a Cesarean, Always a Cesarean?
Authors: George W. Morley
Journal: JAMA (1961)

During the past several years much attention has been focused on the essentiality of repeat cesarean section. Currently, there are many who believe that subsequent vaginal deliveries are safe and satisfactory when the indication for the previous cesarean section was a temporary condition. The proponents of this principle gain support from the increased incidence of prematurity in many series of repeat elective cesarean section. If, however, certain criteria are met in establishing date of operation, this undesirable factor can be avoided. In a review of 215 cases of repeated cesarean section, the corrected prematurity rate was 0.4%. Repeat cesarean section is still the treatment of choice when adequate professional coverage and proper physical facilities are not always available.
ABC of 1 to 7. Respiratory tract infection.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Age (years)Normal range Infection of the respiratory tract is a common cause of illness in children.Although pathogens are often not confined to anatomical boundaries, the infections may be classified as:(a) upper respiratory tract-common cold, tonsillitis and pharyngitis, and acute otitis media;(b) middle respiratory tract-acute laryngitis and epiglottitis; (c) lower respiratory tract-bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and segmental pneumonia._.....se Viruses, which cause most respiratory tract infections, and bacterial infections produce similar clinical illness.Different viruses may produce an identical picture, or the same virus may cause different clinical syndromes.Clinically it may not be possible to determine whether the infection is due to viruses, bacteria, or both.If the infection is suspected of being bacterial it is safest to prescribe an antibiotic, as the results of virus studies are often 8 10 12 received after the acute symptoms have passed.The commonest bacterial * I.
Successful non-invasive management of erectile impotence in diabetic men
Authors: P G Wiles
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The effectiveness of a device designed to overcome erectile impotence was assessed in 10 insulin dependent diabetics with no other cause for their erectile impotence. The 10 men and their partners were instructed how to use the device, which uses suction to induce penile engorgement and maintains erection with a constriction band. After three months they answered a questionnaire about its effectiveness and acceptability, assessing these by visual analogue scales. All the patients achieved lasting erections with the device and gave high mean scores for ease of use, effectiveness, and satisfaction, but three partners refused to complete the questionnaire having failed to come to terms with using the device. One couple stopped using it because of marital disharmony. This device provides a practical alternative for the treatment of erectile impotence in diabetic men. Unlike invasive treatments, it does not necessitate lengthy assessments of autonomic, endocrine, and erectile function and is safe to use and relatively cheap.
Mr Cohen and the Headache
Authors: Susan Adelman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

An intern full of facts and self-importance cannot accept a self-diagnosis from a patient without a whole battery of confirmatory tests. When this failure unnecessarily postpones even the simplest therapy, it demonstrates a need for experience to learn wisdom, common sense, and compassion.   Cohen had just come over from the Jewish Home for the Aged. When I entered his room, I saw a frail, bald man with rimless glasses sitting up in bed, cradling his head in his hands.  Mr Cohen? I said, after introducing myself. I'm just going to spend a few minutes with you to ask you some questions and check you over a bit.  me, what is the matter? What brought you to the hospital today?  Ach, I had a stroke, said  Cohen.  No,  Cohen, that's not what I mean, I remonstrated. Tell me exactly what happened. When did you get sick and
Overexpression of CEBPA resulting from the translocation t(14;19)(q32;q13) of human precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: E. Chapiro, L. Russell, I. Radford-Weiss, C. Bastard, M. Lessard, S. Struski, H. Cave, S. Fert-Ferrer, C. Barin, O. Maarek, V. Della-Valle, J. C. Strefford, R. Berger, C. J. Harrison, O. A. Bernard, F. Nguyen-Khac
Journal: Blood (2006)
Beneficial effects of designed dietary fatty acid compositions on lipids in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jun Dai, Yi-Xiang Su, Scott Bartell, Ngoc-Anh Le, Wen-Hua Ling, Yi-Quan Liang, Ling Gao, Hai-Yan Wu, Emir Veledar, Viola Vaccarino
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Comparative Trial Between Insulin Glargine and NPH Insulin in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Edith Schober, Eugen Schoenle, Jacobus Van Dyk, Karin Wernicke-Panten
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Studies such as the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial have shown that, as in adult patients, intensive diabetes management in adolescent patients results in better glycemic control and delays the onset and slows the progression of vascular and neurological complications (1). However, a cross-sectional multinational study showed that less than one-third of the children and adolescents who underwent treatment for diabetes had adequate metabolic control (2). Providing a constant supply of basal insulin that mimics that of healthy individuals is an essential aspect of maintaining tight glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. The traditional NPH insulin and ultralente basal insulin formulations do not provide a constant and reliable 24-h basal insulin supply because their duration of action is too short, and unwanted peaks of action in the night can cause nocturnal hypoglycemia (3). This is of particular relevance in children and adolescents, who are more prone to hypoglycemic episodes (4,5).

A new long-acting insulin analog has been developed using recombinant DNA technology. Insulin glargine differs from human insulin by the addition of two additional arginines on the COOH terminus of the B-chain and the replacement of an asparagine residue with glycine on the A-chain (6). The resulting molecule has a peakless, prolonged time-action profile and …
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON THE CAUSE OF SEQUENTIAL NEOPLASTIC CHANGES
Authors: James S. Henderson, Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

When crystalline 20-methylcholanthrene (MC) and the cells of tar-induced mouse papillomas (paps.) are injected together into the thigh muscles of mice the carcinogen exerts a marked promoting and chemotactic influence upon the cells while it is dissolving in the tissue fluid. Under such circumstances it strongly stimulates and attracts them, with result they surround and include the scattered crystals in small cysts that later coalesce to form a larger one from which the MC only very gradually escapes. Because of these findings intramuscular tests were made to learn whether MC would hasten the occurrence or increase the number of cancers that now and again derive from paps.; but the tests were repeatedly marred by the extraordinary behavior of such cancerous cells as happened to be already present in the implanted material. They responded far more actively to MC than did the pap. cells and soon took over the growths. Some carcinomas which failed to grow when transplanted alone, or only gradually formed small, regressing nodules, gave rise rapidly to huge growths of similar sort when exposed to MC. To exclude cancerous cells so far as possible from the later tests small grafts of pap. tissue with MC crystals adhering to them were implanted subcutaneously. The pap. cells promptly lined the graft pockets, encysting the crystals incidentally, and formed tumors that enlarged progressively by keratinizing inwards. While they did this their living layer of pap. tissue was continually bathed in dissolved MC throughout many weeks. Despite these apparently favorable conditions the carcinogen neither hastened the occurrence nor increased the number of visible epidermal cancers deriving from the paps. It also failed to bring about sequential malignant changes in the carcinomas. These negative results accord with those already obtained through long exposure of the benign pulmonary adenomas of mice to urethane or methylcholanthrene, agents which rapidly induce these benign tumors yet which were found to be incapable of furthering the cancerous changes to which such growths are prone. They accord also with another previous finding, namely that MC fails to bring on the malignant changes of discontinuous, sequential sort that mammary mouse carcinomas often undergo "spontaneously." Taken together these facts indicate that the change or changes whereby normal cells are converted into benign tumor cells differ in nature from those taking place when they become cancer cells, as also from those occurring when cancer cells undergo further, step-like, malignant changes. A study has been begun to learn whether the widely various carcinomas deriving from benign papillomas differ from these latter and from one and other in their chromosomal content.
TREATMENT OF DECUBITUS ULCERS WITH TANNIC ACID
Authors: Benjamin Pollack
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  The article by Dr. Latimer on the treatment of decubitus ulcers with tannic acid (The Journal, March 10, p. 751) impels me to add a few pertinent suggestions as to the extension and wider scope of this treatment, which has been very successful and efficacious in my hands.  It seems incredible that, when tannic acid was first used in the treatment, and the basis for its use first outlined, it was not extended to the treatment of areas in which there were large superficial denudations of tissue. It occurred to me a few years ago that if tannic acid could tan the dead tissue of burned areas it should be of equal value in the treatment of large superficial abrasions, such as those following motor accidents, as well as in the treatment of bedsores. I have since used this method in a large number of cases and
Cost and Price of Comparable Branded and Generic Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Jack B. Ogun
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The authors of the article entitled Cost and Price of Comparable Branded and Generic Pharmaceuticals 1 did yeoman's work in gathering their cost/price data. However, there is one major factor that was ignored by the study that should have been foremost in the authors' minds when they chose the drugs for branded and generic price comparisons. Lasix, Persantine, Indocin, and Premarin were not substitutable generically in Pennsylvania during the period of the study. This would cause the pharmacist to take the costly extra step of contacting the physician for a new prescription and to specially order a supply of the requested generic drug. The collected pricing data for drug substitution services at Pennsylvania pharmacies would thus tend to be higher than might otherwise be expected.  The need to obtain additional medical information and documentation must be considered in determining the actual cost of drugs, as with other
Abnormal Cardiac Na <sup>+</sup> Channel Properties and QT Heart Rate Adaptation in Neonatal Ankyrin <sub>B</sub> Knockout Mice
Authors: Vijay S. Chauhan, Shmuel Tuvia, Mona Buhusi, Vann Bennett, Augustus O. Grant
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The cytoskeleton of the cardiomyocyte has been shown to modulate ion channel function. Cytoskeletal disruption in vitro alters Na + channel kinetics, producing a late Na + current that can prolong repolarization. This study describes the properties of the cardiac Na + channel and cardiac repolarization in neonatal mice lacking ankyrin B , a cytoskeletal “adaptor” protein. Using whole-cell voltage clamp techniques, I Na density was lower in ankyrin B (−/−) ventricular myocytes than in wild-type (WT) myocytes (−307±26 versus −444±39 pA/pF, P &lt;0.01). Ankyrin B (−/−) myocytes exhibited a hyperpolarizing shift in activation and inactivation kinetics compared with WT. Slower recovery from inactivation contributed to the negative shift in steady-state inactivation in ankyrin B (−/−). Single Na + channel mean open time was longer in ankyrin B (−/−) versus WT at test potentials ( V t ) of −40 mV (1.0±0.1 versus 0.61±0.04 ms, P &lt;0.05) and −50 mV (0.8±0.1 versus 0.39±0.05 ms, P &lt;0.05). Ankyrin B (−/−) exhibited late single-channel openings at V t −40 and −50 mV, which were not seen in WT. Late I Na contributed to longer action potential durations measured at 90% repolarization (APD 90 ) at 1 Hz stimulation in ankyrin B (−/−) compared with WT (354±26 versus 274±22 ms, P &lt;0.05). From ECG recordings of neonatal mice, heart rates were slower in ankyrin B (−/−) than in WT (380±14 versus 434±13 bpm, P &lt;0.01). Although the QT interval was similar in ankyrin B (−/−) and WT at physiological heart rates, QT-interval prolongation in response to heart rate deceleration was greater in ankyrin B (−/−). In conclusion, Na + channels in ankyrin B (−/−) display reduced I Na density and abnormal kinetics at the whole-cell and single-channel level that contribute to prolonged APD 90 and abnormal QT-rate adaptation.
Abstract 3315: RON-mediated hijacking of AR signaling in androgen-independent prostate cancer
Authors: Izhar Singh Batth, Peng Meng, Roble Bedolla, Robert E. Reddick, Addanki Pratap Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Despite significant progress in developing effective strategies for management of localized prostate cancer, the 5-year survival for metastatic castrate-resistant disease is less than 30%. Previous studies from our own and other laboratories showed the anti-tumorigenic potential of 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) in various tumor models. Although variety of mechanisms including anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic, cell cycle deregulation has been reported to contribute to 2-ME2-mediated biological effects, the precise mechanism is unclear. To explore the role of 2-ME2, we carried out gene expression array analysis and discovered Recepteur d’Origine Nantais (RON) as one of the most significantly down regulated gene in response to 2-ME2 treatment. Subsequently, RON was found to be significantly upregulated in advanced-stage PCA cell lines, which do not express androgen receptor (AR); and high-grade human prostate tumors. Stable silencing of RON in androgen independent, PTEN-/- PC3 cells showed noticeable changes in cell morphology, actin filament organization, as well as markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In PTEN wild type DU145 cells, RON knockdown caused an increase in AR expression and promoter activity but decreased the transcriptional activation and expression of AR target genes such as PSA. In contrast, RON overexpression in androgen-responsive LNCAP cells leads to a suppression of the transcriptional activation of both AR and its downstream targets, including PSA. Furthermore, we found that RON silencing decreases expression and promoter activity of the anti-apoptotic protein FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) that is accompanied by the induction of apoptosis. In addition, intervention with 2-ME2 reduced tumor growth that is accompanied with decreased RON expression in the prostate in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. These observations implicate RON as a hijacker of AR signaling that contributes in part to PCA growth. Therefore, restoration of native AR signaling via RON targeting could possibly be exploited in combination with antiandrogenic therapy to prevent recurrence of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Supported by CA135451 (APK). Citation Format: Izhar Singh Batth, Peng Meng, Roble Bedolla, Robert E. Reddick, Addanki Pratap Kumar. RON-mediated hijacking of AR signaling in androgen-independent prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3315. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3315
Abstract 3663: Effects of chemotherapy on cell survival, cell cycle biology and apoptosis in the SK-N-FI neuroblastoma cell line
Authors: Idoia Blanco, Paula Lazcoz, Jon Celay, Xing Fan, Javier S. Castresana, Ignacio J. Encio
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is a malignant embryonal childhood tumor of the peripheral nervous system, which often shows poor clinical prognosis. p53 mutations are rare at diagnosis of neuroblastoma but may be acquired at relapse, as well as chemoresistance. We have previously detected a mutation in exon 5 of the p53 gene (codon 135; Cys to Phe) in the SK-N-FI neuroblastoma cell line. To test whether this mutation affects p53 function driving the cells to a higher chemoresistant phenotype, we analyzed the action of doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, melphalan and retinoic acid on cell survival, apoptosis induction and cell cycle distribution in these cells. SK-N-FI cells were incubated in the presence of doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, melphalan and 9-cis or all-trans retinoic acid at five different concentrations ranging from 10-4 to 10-8 M. After 72 h of treatment, cell survival was estimated by the MTT method. Quantification of apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were carried out by flow cytometry. With this purpose, fixation of SK-N-FI cells was conducted after 12, 24, 72 h and 5 days of treatment with the previously mentioned drugs. All tested compounds were toxic at the micromolar range except for the retinoic acid isomers which were active at higher doses. The smaller GI50 values were found with doxorubicin, followed by melphalan, etoposide and cisplatin. A statistically significant rise in apoptosis was observed in all cases at day 5. This increase was even noticeable at 72 h for doxorubicin, 9-cis retinoic acid and cisplatin. With regard to the cell cycle distribution, a decrease of the G0/G1 cell population at day 5, accompanied by a time course increase in the Sub-G1 phase, was detected for every tested drug but the retinoic acid isomers. Melphalan also decreased S phase cells. Moreover, while for doxorubicin treatment reduction of the G0/G1 cell population was preceded by an increase in S and G2/M cells at shorter periods, for etoposide and cisplatin only the reduction in the G0/G1 cells in the long term was observed. Finally, 9-cis retinoic acid but not all-trans retinoic acid treatment provoked an initial accumulation of G0/G1 cells that was followed by an increment in the Sub-G1 phase. Despite bearing a mutation of the p53 gene, SK-N-FI cells respond to doxorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide, melphalan, 9-cis and all-trans retinoic acid. All mentioned drugs were able to induce apoptosis, affected to the cell cycle distribution of the cells in a drug specific manner and, except for the retinoic acid isomers, displayed cytotoxic activity at the micromolar range. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3663.
Abstract 4020: The Sox17 gene hypermethylation is useful as a molecular diagnostic application in early stage of gastric cancer
Authors: Ryota Hama, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Kanako Shinada, Yosuke Yamada, Yoshichika Oishi, Yoshihito Yoshida, Tetsuya Hiraishi, Ritsuko Oikawa, Tadateru Maehata, Hiromu Suzuki, Fumio Itoh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although minimal invasive treatment is widely accepted for early stage of gastric cancer (GCa), we still do not have any appropriate risk markers to detect residual neoplasia and some potential of recurrence. We previously reported that aberrant DNA methylation is an early and frequent process in gastric carcinogenesis and could be useful for detection of gastric neoplasia. Our goal is to find and identify some candidate genes as a treatment marker using genome wide DNA methylation analysis for early stage of gastric cancer (EGC). We studied Methylated CpG Island Amplification Microarray (MCAM) analysis using 12 gastric washes (each 6 before (Pre) and after (Post) endoscopic treatment in same patients). One of them are Sox17. We examined the DNA methylation status of Sox17 in a validation set consisting of 128 washes samples (Pre, 64: Post, 64) at EGC. We next identified functional studies about Sox17 as a putative tumor suppressor gene. Sox17 showed significantly differential methylation between before and after treatment in EGC patient (Sox17, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Moreover, treating GCa cells that lacked Sox17 expression with a methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, restored the gene's expression. Moreover, introduction of exogenous Sox17 into silenced cells suppressed colony formation. Gastric washes based DNA methylation analysis is easy and useful for early detection of recurrence after ER in EGC patients. Our data suggest that silencing of Sox17 occurs frequently in EGC and may play a key role in development and progression of the disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4020. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4020
Fraudulent AIDS: A Variant of Munchausen's Syndrome
Authors: J. Dennis Fortenberry
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Zumwalt and others<sup>1</sup>described a man with factitious acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The purpose of the man's deception as perceived by the authors, who were also the medical examiners, was to obtain narcotics and defraud the government. Furthermore, they discovered the man died from an overdose of medications that were obtained by his successfully posing as an AIDS victim at multiple hospitals—a feat that may seem difficult to comprehend, since human immunodeficiency virus infection is usually easily and quickly confirmed. We would like to suggest an alternative explanation for the victim's deception. More importantly, we would also like to offer some comments on the role of physicians in providing the means for this man's death. First of all, another diagnosis could perhaps better account for the man's actions and motives: chronic factitious disorder with physical symptoms (<i>DSM-III</i>301.51), more commonly
STUDIES OF PPLO INFECTION
Authors: Lewis Thomas, Mark W. Bitensky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Concentrated suspensions of washed Mycoplasma neurolyticum produce rolling disease in mice and rats, with neurological manifestations and pathological lesions similar to those seen with the exotoxin of this organism. Pretreatment of animals with tetracycline protects completely against the toxic effects of washed suspensions of mycoplasmas, while tetracycline affords no protection against the exotoxin. Freeze-thawing disruption of mycoplasma suspensions eliminates their neurotoxicity, while the same treatment does not affect exotoxin. The toxicity of intact organisms is not affected by exposure to the sedimentable component of brain, nor to ganglioside. These observations are interpreted to indicate that the neurotoxicity of living mycoplasmas must be due to their production of toxin after they have been injected into the animal. Resting mycoplasmas, suspended in Ringer's solution in dialysis sacs submerged in PPLO broth) produce considerable amounts of toxin within 15 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. Toxin is also produced, although in somewhat less amount, by washed organisms suspended in phosphate buffer containing glucose. The formation of toxin is prevented by the presence of puromycin, but not by the aminonucleoside analogue of puromycin, indicating that active protein synthesis is involved in the elaboration of toxin. The similarities between the neurotoxicity of the intact organisms of M. neurolyticum and Mycoplasma gallisepticum are discussed.