tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enzyme Therapy in Type 1 Gaucher Disease: Comparative Efficacy of Mannose-Terminated Glucocerebrosidase from Natural and Recombinant Sources
Authors: Gregory A. Grabowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To compare the efficacy of mannose-terminated glucocerebrosidase prepared from natural (alglucerase; Ceredase, Genzyme Corp., Cambridge, Massachusetts) and recombinant (imiglucerase; Cere-zyme, Genzyme Corp.) sources in treating type 1 Gaucher disease. Design: Double-blind, randomized, parallel trial. Setting: University medical center and clinical research hospital. Patients: 15 patients (4 children and 11 adults) randomly assigned to receive Ceredase and 15 patients (3 children and 12 adults) assigned to receive Cerezyme. Intervention: Ceredase and Cerezyme were infused every 2 weeks for 9 months at a dose of 60 U/kg body weight. Outcome Measures: Hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and serum acid phosphatase and angiotensin-converting enzyme activities were monitored every 2 weeks during the trial. Hepatic and splenic volumes were assessed at the time of randomization and after 6 and 9 months of enzyme infusion. Formation of IgG antibodies to Ceredase or Cerezyme was monitored every 3 months by radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Results: No significant differences were found in the rate or extent of improvement in hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, serum acid phosphatase or angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, or hepatic or splenic volumes between either treatment group. The incidence of IgG antibody formation was greater in the Ceredase group (40%) than in the Cerezyme group (20%). No major immunologic adverse events occurred in either group. Conclusions: Our study shows the therapeutic similarity of Ceredase and Cerezyme. Cerezyme has the advantage of being theoretically unlimited in supply and free of potential pathogenic contaminants.
When the Patient is a Physician
Authors: P M Marzuk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

IN recent years, much has been written about the physician–patient relationship. A less common but more intricate situation arises when physicians themselves become patients. Typically, this special relationship is then complicated by preexisting bonds that do not normally link physicians and their nonphysician patients. The treating physician and the physician patient may be colleagues in the same hospital, one may be the teacher or student of the other, they may refer patients to each other and thus act as business partners, or they may simply be friends who share the same social network. These additional bonds, the greater scrutiny given . . .
Unraveling the functional implications of GWAS: how T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase drives autoimmune disease
Authors: Julie Zikherman, Arthur Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of SNPs that are linked to human autoimmune diseases. However, the functional consequences of most of these genetic variations remain undefined. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP, which is encoded by PTPN2) is a JAK/STAT and growth factor receptor phosphatase that has been linked to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease by GWAS. In this issue of the JCI, Wiede and colleagues have generated a T cell-specific deletion of TCPTP and identified a novel role for this phosphatase as a negative regulator of TCR signaling. These data provide new insight as to how noncoding PTPN2 SNPs identified in GWAS could drive human autoimmune diseases.
Normal levels of fibrinopeptide A in patients with primary hyperlipidemia.
Authors: H L Nossel, F R Smith, A H Seplowitz, R B Dell, R R Sciacca, C Merskey, D S Goodman
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels were measured in a group of 130 controls and patients with various types of primary hyperlipidemia to investigate whether an increased steady state level of thrombin activity is present in hyperlipidemic patients. In a subset of 56 subjects, levels of clotting factors II, VII, and X were measured as well. FPA levels in hyperlipidemic patients were not significantly different from those of control subjects. Furthermore, on multiple regression analysis, no significant relationships were found between FPA levels and the concentrations of serum cholesterol or triglyceride, or log triglyceride levels. Statistically significant relationships were found between all three clotting factor levels and triglyceride concentration. The correlation coefficients for these relationships, however, were low, so that the correlations are of questionable pathophysiological significance. A weak relationship also was found between the plasma levels of cholesterol and of factor II. Thus, although small increases in various clotting factors may be found in patients with hyperlipidemia, plasma FPA levels are normal. These data indicate that hyperlipidemia is not associated with a steady state of increased thrombin activity in vivo in humans.
Skin and liver diseases induced in flounder (Platichthys flesus) after long-term exposure to contaminated sediments in large-scale mesocosms.
Authors: A D Vethaak, J G Jol, A Meijboom, M L Eggens, T Rheinallt, P W Wester, T van de Zande, A Bergman, N Dankers, F Ariese, R A Baan, J M Everts, A Opperhuizen, J M Marquenie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Disease development in flounder (Platichthys flesus) was studied over a period of 3 years in three large mesocosms (40 m x 40 m x 3 m). Two of the mesocosms contained clean sand and the third, sharing a common water circulation with one of the clean-sand mesocosms, was stocked with contaminated dredged spoil. In this way, one of the clean-sand mesocosms was indirectly polluted via the water phase, and analysis of contaminant concentrations in sediments and flounder tissues showed that it had a status intermediate between the other two. Random samples of the flounder populations from the indirectly polluted and reference mesocosms were examined every 2 months for epidermal diseases (lymphocystis, skin ulcers, fin rot) and then released. In addition, every 6 months, random samples of fish from all three mesocosms were sacrificed for histological and chemical investigation. With regard to the development of epidermal disease, the results showed little difference between the reference mesocosm and the indirectly polluted mesocosm, with the exception that lymphocystis was significantly elevated in the indirectly polluted mesocosm. Although pollution may be a risk factor in the etiology of this disease, such a relationship would probably be obscured under field conditions due to variation arising from other factors. Histopathological analysis of the livers revealed in total four cases of hepatocellular adenoma (1.5% of sampled population) in fish from the polluted mesocosms, the first occurring after 2.5 years of exposure in fish from the indirectly polluted mesocosm. Furthermore, several other liver lesions, including foci of cellular alteration and hydropic vacuolated lesions, developed during the course of the experiment before tumor formation was apparent. Prevalences of these conditions were very much lower in the reference mesocosm than in the two polluted mesocosms. Densities of melanomacrophage centers in the liver showed a similar trend. The findings clearly indicate that long-term exposure to chemically contaminated dredged spoil can induce liver neoplasia and other liver lesions in flounder at contaminant levels comparable to those found in the natural environment.
Alcohol Problems: A Report to the Nation
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>Manual on Alcoholism,</h3> by the American Medical Association (prepared by 13 contributors, Committee on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, and Council on Mental Health, Robert J. Shearer, ed.), 95 pp, paper, 50c, Chicago: American Medical Association, 1967. If you want a job well done, somebody has said, turn it over to a busy man; the other kind has no time. Another general rule: if you want a job poorly done, turn it over to a committee; performance, the rule goes, will be inversely proportionate to committee size. But, as exceptions to this rule, we have two new books,<i>Alcohol Problems</i>, and the American Medical Association's new<i>Manual on Alcoholism</i>. Both are the products of group effort, and both are commendable by any standard. The committee responsible for<i>Alcohol Problems</i>, the Cooperative Commission on the Study of Alcoholism, was composed of 17 prominent physicians and scholars and sponsored by the National Institute
Propoxyphene Hydrochloride Poisoning
Authors: William H. McCarthy, Richard L. Keenan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

PROPOXYPHENE HYDROCHLORIDE (Darvon) has become a widely used analgesic with toxic properties that have been previously noted in accidental childhood poisonings and suicide attempts.<sup>1-3,6</sup>A recent fatality in a teenage girl is the subject of this report. It is the first reported death from propoxyphene poisoning and confirms the clinical pattern of earlier nonfatal cases. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> At 9:30 am on Feb 20, 1963, a 15-year-old female willfully ingested forty 32-mg capsules of propoxyphene hydrochloride which had been prescribed for menstrual cramps. She was reported to the school nurse who gave her an emetic and contacted her parents. The parents found the patient drowsy but able to state clearly what she had ingested and the exact quantity taken. En route to the hospital she became progressively more lethargic and vomited a pink material on two occasions. She arrived at the emergency room at 10:30 am in a
Antitumoral Effect of Celecoxib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: David Malka, Vincent Pacault, Thierry De Baere, Michel Ducreux, Valérie Boige
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

difference for the patient!PET will always be more practical in interpretation as compared with CT-a spot is a spot, and it has been interpreted as a positive node by us, irrespective of the standard uptake value.CT evaluation has many more uncertainties.Finally, we doubt that triple endoscopy, CT scanning, and physical exam are less straining and less costly for both the patients and the society.A large portion of distant metastases and synchronous second primaries are detected by PET, which cannot be detected by the mentioned tools.In fact, skeletal scintigraphy and abdominothoracic CT have to be added to the mentioned tools resulting in even higher costs.These findings by PET completely change the regimen necessary for the respective patients.However, our main goal pursued in our article was to demonstrate the possibility of reducing the rate of elective neck dissections in oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients with a combination of imaging techniques and sentinel node biopsy.The emphasis lies on the usage of sentinel node biopsy.If other groups are able to demonstrate this using CT and sentinel node biopsy, we will be content.The future, however, belongs to a combination of morphologic and functional diagnostics.
Antuitrin S Intradermal Pregnancy Test
Authors: A. M. Gill, J. Howkins
Journal: BMJ (1937)

Many attempts have been made to devise a pregnancy test which is simple, rapid, inexpensive, and accurate: those of Friedman and Aschheim and Zondek most closely approach this ideal.By repeated and universal trial they are acknowledged to have reached a high degree of accu- racy-namely, 99 per cent. in the non-pregnant and 97 per cent. in the pregnant woman.Both tests, however, retain certain inherent disadvantages: they are relatively expensive, they require two and four days respectively for their interpretation, and they demand the co-operation of a "skilled biochemist for their performance.Any test, therefore, which is to supersede these must possess not onlytheir proven accuracy but also the properties in which they are deficient.With these ideals in view, and hoping to overcome the threefold disadvantage of the biological test, Pollatschek and Porges (1929) devised the intradermal sen'sitivity test, using a preparation of gonadotropic hormone.They claimed absolutely reliable results.DeLltsch (1929), Strauss (1930), and Dowell (1933) substantiated the original workers' findings; they were followed by Gilfillen and Gregg (1936), who used a purer preparation (antuitrin S) with similar results.On the other hand, Weisman and Yerbury (1937), using the same technique as Gilfillen and Gregg, reported the following figures: seventeen non- pregnant single girls, sixteen pregnant; twenty-six male medical students and physicians, twenty-four pregnant;
Chemical Osteosynthesis in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Edward T. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. Mandarino has presented his work over the past several years, and it has been critically reviewed by many of his colleagues. While we recognize the tremendous amount of work put into this problem by him, many have not been able to duplicate his results. It is inconceivable to me that anyone would classify an end result as excellent within 6 weeks as Dr. Mandarino does in Case 10, page 57. No surgeon has the right to make the categorical statement found on page 34, to wit, "It would be negligent, indeed, to treat this type case in any way other than with Ostamer," especially with respect to a method not yet accepted and certainly not sufficiently proved or documented. There are only three reasons to present a medical thesis, (1) to present something new that has proved to be worthwhile, (2) to present something old in need of reiteration
Allergenic cross-reactivity between third stage larvae of Hysterothylacium aduncum and Anisakis simplex
Authors: Enrique Fernández-Caldas, Santiago Quirce, F. Marañó, Maria Luz Diez Gómez, Herminia Gijón Botella, Ramón López Román
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Accuracy of exercise electrocardiography in detecting physiologically significant coronary arterial lesions.
Authors: R F Wilson, M L Marcus, B V Christensen, C Talman, C W White
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The accuracy of exercise electrocardiography in detecting a physiologically significant coronary artery stenosis has been assessed previously by comparing the exercise test with a coronary arteriogram. The inherent inaccuracy of visually determined percent diameter stenosis measurements might have lead to the conclusion that the exercise electrocardiogram was less accurate than it truly was. To determine the accuracy of the exercise electrocardiography in detecting a physiologically significant coronary stenosis, we studied 40 patients with one-vessel, one-lesion coronary artery disease, a normal resting electrocardiogram, and no hypertrophy or prior infarction. Each patient underwent exercise electrocardiography (Bruce protocol) that was interpreted as abnormal if the ST segment developed 0.1-mV or greater depression 80 msec after the J point. The physiological significance of each coronary stenosis was assessed by measuring of coronary flow reserve (peak divided by resting blood flow velocity) in the stenotic artery using a Doppler catheter and intracoronary papaverine (normal, 3.5 or greater peak/resting velocity). The percent diameter and percent area stenosis produced by each lesion were determined using quantitative angiography (Brown/Dodge method). Of the 17 patients with reduced coronary flow reserve (3.5 or greater peak/resting blood flow velocity) in the stenotic artery, 14 had an abnormal exercise electrocardiogram (sensitivity, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.94). Conversely, 20 of 23 patients with normal coronary flow reserves had normal exercise tests (specificity, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.97). The exercise electrocardiogram was abnormal in each of 11 patients with markedly reduced coronary flow reserve (less than 2.5 peak/resting velocity) and in three of six patients with moderately reduced reserve (2.5-3.4 peak/resting velocity). The products of systolic blood pressure and heart rate at peak exercise were significantly correlated with coronary reserve in patients with truly abnormal exercise tests. In comparison, the sensitivity (0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.76) and specificity (0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.86) of exercise electrocardiography in detecting a 60% or greater diameter stenosis may be significantly lower (p less than 0.05). Exercise electrocardiography, therefore, was a good predictor of the physiological significance (assessed by coronary flow reserve) of a coronary stenosis in patients with a normal resting electrocardiogram and no hypertrophy or prior infarction. Its value in a broader and larger patient population will require further study. These results, however, underscore the importance of a physiological gold standard in assessing the accuracy of noninvasive studies for detecting coronary artery disease.
C-reactive protein is produced by a small number of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Authors: A E Kuta, L L Baum
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Biosynthetic labeling with [35S]met and immunoprecipitation with anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) antibodies and Staphylococcus aureus indicate that cell surface CRP is produced by lymphocytes. The ability of anti-CRP to reduce NK activity, and the demonstration that 125I-anti-CRP-labeled PBL are found in low-density Percoll fractions associated with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) and NK activity suggest that S-CRP-bearing cells are NK effectors. The production of S-CRP by LGL supports this hypothesis. While lymphocytes were shown to synthesize S-CRP, monocytes produced no detectable S-CRP. The lymphocytes that produce S-CRP apparently do not secrete it; when lymphocyte culture supernatants were tested, no S-CRP was found. This is the first description of extrahepatic synthesis of CRP.
Surgery for Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Julie Ann Sosa, Martha A. Zeiger
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1999)

Controversy surrounds criteria for medical versus surgical treatment in the management of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic hyperparathyroidism. Evidence suggests that parathyroidectomy is associated with increases in bone mass and symptomatic improvement of patients; moreover, parathyroidectomy by experienced surgeons is rarely associated with complications. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement, improved preoperative and intraoperative imaging and outpatient parathyroidectomy are important emerging surgical technologies.
Impact of the environment on reproduction from conception to parturition.
Authors: F M Sullivan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Consideration of environmental influences on human reproduction must include an investigation of the socioeconomic factors that play an important role in embryo-fetal development. Nutritional factors are of prime importance, and modern methods of food production and supply have led to new hazards for pregnant women. For example, pregnant women have been advised in a number of European countries not to eat liver due to the very high concentration (frequently exceeding 100,000 IU per 100 g) of vitamin A. The clear demonstration that periconceptional vitamin supplementation can dramatically reduce the recurrence rate of neural tube defects suggests that folic acid deficiency may be common even in otherwise well-nourished women. Modern methods of food production manufacture and sale have increased the risks of Salmonella and Listeria infections in pregnancy. The dangers of social drug use, especially alcohol and tobacco, are discussed. The types of adverse effect that can result from chemical exposure during the different stages of pregnancy is reviewed with a discussion of some of the problems of epidemiological studies in attempting to identify toxic chemicals. The extent of the ignorance concerning the reproductive toxicity of industrial and environmental chemicals is emphasized by the fact that data are available on only a small percentage of even the high-production volume (1000 tons/year) chemicals. The evidence of reproductive toxicity from exposure to lead, methyl mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and hexachlorobenzene are briefly reviewed. Some areas of research needs are discussed with emphasis on nutrition, food production, preparation, and storage and the new problems that may be introduced by genetic manipulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The 36-Hour Day: A Family Guide to Caring for Persons With Alzheimer's Disease, Related Dementing Illnesses, and Memory Loss in Later Life
Authors: Albert A. Fisk
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>The 36-Hour Day</i>by Nancy L. Mace and Peter V. Rabins, MD, is an excellent book for families who are caring for persons with dementia. The title,<i>The 36-Hour Day</i>, reflects the authors' experience that the responsibilities, worries, and tensions of caring for such a patient at home more than fill up a 24-hour day. The book begins with a lengthy case study of "Mary," who had dementia, which serves both as an introduction and as a guide to the rest of the book. The book is full of suggestions to help the care provider. Catastrophic reactions, problems with language, and the use of nonverbal cues are discussed. The authors describe many medical complications, such as falls, decubiti, and pneumonia, that the care provider must understand. Behavioral and mood changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease are well detailed, and there are suggestions for coping mechanisms. The authors are very aware
A potential target associated with both cancer and cancer stem cells: A combination therapy for eradication of breast cancer using vinorelbine stealthy liposomes plus parthenolide stealthy liposomes
Authors: Yang Liu, Wan-Liang Lu, Jia Guo, Ju Du, Ting Li, Jin-Wei Wu, Gui-Ling Wang, Jian-Cheng Wang, Xuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology
Authors: William Check
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The latest edition of this text remains clear and comprehensive, and the two new chapters—on receptors and neuroactive peptides—keep the reader at the forefront of research in the field. Complex aspects of drug-receptor interaction are explained in a nontechnical style, but there is no talking down, and the reader must work to grasp the ideas. Recent research suggesting peptides as possible transmitters or modulators in the nervous system is presented critically. The authors commendably avoid the extravagant claims sometimes made for involvement of endorphins in analgesia, mental disorders, and drug addiction. They also appreciate the humorous aspects of the field. "A Reader's Guide to Peptide Poaching" suggests several questions that will need to be answered by future research on neuroactive peptides. The ultimate question is, "Can theorists of brain function find a useful purpose for so many excitatory and inhibitory substances?" This chapter also includes material on hormone-releasing factors, for
European agency prepares for new rules to improve drug safety
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The London based European Medicines Agency is stepping up its preparations for new EU pharmacovigilance legislation that will come into force in July and will introduce the biggest change in the legal framework since the agency was established in 1995.

Among other changes, patients in Europe will for the first time be given the right to report suspected adverse reactions to national drug authorities, a right that already exists in the United Kingdom and some other European countries.

Adopted …