tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of disinfectants in renal dialysis patients.
Authors: E Klein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Patients receiving hemodialysis therapy risk exposure to both disinfectants and sterilants. Dialysis equipment is disinfected periodically with strong solutions of hypochlorite or formaldehyde. More recently, reuse of dialyzers has introduced the use of additional sterilants, such as hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. The use of these sterilants is recognized by the center staffs and the home patient as a potential risk, and residue tests are carried out for the presence of these sterilants at the ppm level. Gross hemolysis resulting from accidental hypochlorite infusion has led to cardiac arrest, probably as a result of hyperkalemia. Formaldehyde is commonly used in 4% solutions to sterilize the fluid paths of dialysis controllers and to sterilize dialyzers before reuse. It can react with red cell antigenic surfaces leading to the formation of anti-N antibodies. Such reactions probably do not occur with hypochlorite or chloramines. The major exposure risk is the low concentration of disinfectant found in municipal water used to prepare 450 L dialysate weekly. With thrice-weekly treatment schedules, the quality requirements for water used to make this solution must be met rigorously. Standards for water used in the preparation of dialysate have recently been proposed but not all patients are treated with dialysate meeting such standards. The introduction of sterilants via tap water is insidious and has led to more pervasive consequences. Both chlorine and chloramines, at concentrations found in potable water, are strong oxidants that cause extensive protein denaturation and hemolysis. Oxidation of the Fe2+ in hemoglobin to Fe3+ forms methemoglobin, which is incapable of carrying either O2 or CO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microsatellite instability in the insulin–like growth factor II receptor gene in gastrointestinal tumours
Authors: Rhonda F. Souza, Rebecca Appel, Jing Yin, Suna Wang, Kara N. Smolinski, John M. Abraham, Tong-Tong Zou, Ying-Qiang Shi, Junyi Lei, John Cottrell, Karina Cymes, Kelli Biden, Lisa Simms, Barbara Leggett, Patrick M. Lynch, Marsha Frazier, Steven M. Powell, Noam Harpas, Hirohasi Sugimura, Joanne Young, Stephen J. Meltzer
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Industry lobbying and trade pacts threaten India's role as major generics supplier
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Indian manufacturers have supplied more than 80% of antiretrovirals to developing countries since 2006, a new study has shown, amid concern that trade negotiations and industry lobbying threaten to restrict this flow of affordable generic drugs.

The study also shows that Indian generic drugs accounted for 91% of all antiretrovirals for children supplied to developing countries in 2008 ( Journal of the International AIDS Society 2010;13:35, doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-35). Of 100 countries surveyed, 96 relied on Indian generic drugs; and 99% of antiretrovirals used by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, and Namibia came from India.

Indian generic formulations accounted for 65% of the $463m (£295m; €353m) purchases of antiretrovirals in 2008, while non-Indian generics made up 13% and brand name drugs made up 22%, the study found. …
Clinical Determinants of Response to Irinotecan-Based Therapy Derived from Cell Line Models
Authors: Wendy L. Allen, Vicky M. Coyle, Puthen V. Jithesh, Irina Proutski, Leanne Stevenson, Cathy Fenning, Daniel B. Longley, Richard H. Wilson, Michael Gordon, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Patrick G. Johnston
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

In an attempt to identify genes that are involved in resistance to SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan (also known as CPT-11), we carried out DNA microarray profiling of matched HCT116 human colon cancer parental cell lines and SN38-resistant cell lines following treatment with SN38 over time.Data analysis identified a list of genes that were acutely altered in the parental cells following SN38 treatment as well as constitutively altered in the SN38-resistant cells.Independent validation of 20% of these genes by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed a strong correlation with the microarray results: Pearson's correlation was 0.781 (r(2) = 0.61, P < 0.000001) for those genes that were acutely altered in the parental setting following SN38 treatment and 0.795 (r(2) = 0.63, P < 0.000002) for those genes that were constitutively altered in the SN38-resistant cells. We then assessed the ability of our in vitro-derived gene list to predict clinical response to 5-fluorouracil/irinotecan using pretreatment metastatic biopsies from responding and nonresponding colorectal cancer patients using both unsupervised and supervised approaches. When principal components analysis was used with our in vitro classifier gene list, a good separation between responding and nonresponding patients was obtained, with only one nonresponding and two responding patients separating with the incorrect groups. Supervised class prediction using support vector machines algorithm identified a 16-gene classifier with 75% overall accuracy, 81.8% sensitivity, and 66.6% specificity.These results suggest that in vitro-derived gene lists can be used to predict clinical response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
The microRNA miR-182 is induced by IL-2 and promotes clonal expansion of activated helper T lymphocytes
Authors: Anna-Barbara Stittrich, Claudia Haftmann, Evridiki Sgouroudis, Anja Andrea Kühl, Ahmed Nabil Hegazy, Isabel Panse, Rene Riedel, Michael Flossdorf, Jun Dong, Franziska Fuhrmann, Gitta Anne Heinz, Zhuo Fang, Na Li, Ute Bissels, Farahnaz Hatam, Angelina Jahn, Ben Hammoud, Mareen Matz, Felix-Michael Schulze, Ria Baumgrass, Andreas Bosio, Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf, Joachim Grün, Andreas Thiel, Wei Chen, Thomas Höfer, Christoph Loddenkemper, Max Löhning, Hyun-Dong Chang, Nikolaus Rajewsky, Andreas Radbruch, Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)
Seven Provocative Principles for Health Care Reform
Authors: C. David Naylor, Karline Treurnicht Naylor
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Apoptosis in human hepatoma cell lines by chemotherapeutic drugs via fas-dependent and fas-independent pathways
Authors: Shunai Jiang, Moon Jung Song, Eui-Cheol Shin, Mi-Ock Lee, Se Jong Kim, Jeon Han Park
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Many chemotherapeutic drugs have been found to exert their mode of action via induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The mechanisms involved in this process are not clear. Recent studies have shown that the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system is a key factor controlling apoptotic cell death. In the present study, the involvement of Fas in chemotherapeutic drug–induced apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines was investigated. Five different human hepatoma cell lines, Hep G2, Hep G2.2.15, Hep 3B, SK–Hep–1, and PLC/PRF/5, were used. It was found that they expressed different levels of Fas. However, all five cell lines were susceptible to apoptosis when treated with chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5–fluorouracil (5–FU) or cisplatin. In Hep G2 that constitutively expressed Fas, 5–FU or cisplatin treatment caused an increase in the expression of Fas before the formation of oligonucleosomal DNA fragments, a typical feature of apoptosis. However, in Hep 3B, where Fas is undetectable, apoptosis could also be induced by 5–FU or cisplatin without induction of Fas. The agonistic anti–Fas antibody (CH–11) was capable of inducing apoptosis by itself and promoted drug–induced apoptosis in Hep G2 but not in Hep 3B. The antagonistic anti–Fas antibody (ZB4) inhibited drug–induced apoptosis in Hep G2. Our results suggest that apoptosis can be induced in hepatoma cell lines via both Fas–dependent and Fas–independent pathways.
Origins of Physiological Regulations
Authors: A. V. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This small but weighty book describes the stages of animal development at which physiological regulatory activities appear, and their timing of onset. It is a monograph about the ontogeny of regulation. Does a regulation spring forth suddenly and fully formed in an embryonic individual? Do regulations of process A and of process B always arise in that order? Do several regulators of process A appear in a particular serial sequence? Are there triggers or prerequisites for some regulations? Can regulations be induced prematurely or delayed?  Designed for research workers and advanced students, this volume teems with profound observations and suggestions about functional relationships in what is still an uncharted area of physiology. On the one hand, it is a compendium of unusual facts appealing to the comparative physiologist; on the other, it is a treatise on precybernetic principles, reminding the systems analyst that there is yet a world of science
Quercetagetin inhibits macrophage‐derived chemokine in <scp>H</scp> a <scp>C</scp> a <scp>T</scp> human keratinocytes via the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 and transforming growth factor‐β1
Authors: G.‐J. Kang, S.‐C. Han, N.‐J. Kang, D.‐H. Koo, D.‐B. Park, S.‐Y. Eun, H.‐K. Kang, E.‐S. Yoo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Inflammatory chemokines, such as macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), are elevated in the serum and lesioned skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and are ligands for C-C chemokine receptor 4, which is predominantly expressed on T helper 2 lymphocytes, basophils and natural killer cells. We have previously reported that quercetagetin has an inhibitory activity on inflammatory chemokines, which is induced by interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, occurring via inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signal.To investigate the specific mechanisms of quercetagetin on the STAT1 signal.We confirmed the inhibitory activity of quercetagetin on MDC and STAT1 in HaCaT keratinocytes. The interaction between STAT1 and IFN-γR1 was investigated using immunoprecipitation. The small interfering RNA approach was used to investigate the role of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induced by quercetagetin.Quercetagetin inhibited the expression of MDC at both the protein and mRNA levels in IFN-γ- and TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT human keratinocytes. Moreover, quercetagetin inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 through upregulation of SOCS1. Increased expression of SOCS1 disrupted the binding of STAT1 to IFN-γR1. Furthermore, quercetagetin augmented the expression of TGF-β1, which is known to modulate the immune response and inflammation.These results suggest that quercetagetin may be a potent inhibitor of the STAT1 signal, which could be a new molecular target for anti-inflammatory treatment, and may thus have therapeutic applications as an immune modulator in inflammatory diseases such as AD.
Moderate alcohol consumption and loss of cerebellar Prikinje cells
Authors: P J Karhune, T Erkinjuntti, P Laippala
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To examine the dose-response effect of alcohol consumption on the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells.A prospective necropsy study combined with detailed reports on use of alcohol from a relative or friend. The number of Purkinje cells was counted in the anterior midsagittal section of the cerebellar vermis, the area of which was measured by computer assisted morphometry.Department of forensic medicine, University of Helsinki.66 men, aged 35 to 69 years, subjected to medicolegal necropsy because of sudden or violent death. The average all year daily alcohol consumption over the year was 0 to 10 g in 17 men, 11 to 80 g in 24 men, and more than 80 g in 25 men.Number of Purkinje cells, alcohol consumption.The numbers and density of Purkinje cells in the cross section of vermis showed a consistent but weak decrease with increasing daily alcohol intake but not with age. A wide variation in the cell counts was observed, especially in men drinking more than 80 g, suggesting differences in the susceptibility to effects of alcohol. Compared with men drinking 40 g or less, a long term moderate consumption of an average of 41 to 80 g daily was associated with a significant average loss of 242 (95% confidence interval 45 to 439) Purkinje cells (15.2%) from a mean of 1583 to 1341 cells. In those drinking 81 to 180 g the average loss was 535 (259 to 811) cells (33.4%) to a mean of 1048 cells. The density of cells in the cross section of vermis also fell significantly by 0.9 cell/mm (0.1 to 1.7) when the daily consumption exceeded 40 g and by 1.4 cell/mm (0.3 to 2.5) when the intake was 81 to 180 g. Only three cases (4.5%) in the series showed macroscopical cerebellar atrophy.Long term intake of moderate doses of alcohol daily for 20-30 years may damage the cerebellum before the onset of macroscopical atrophy. Despite distinct individual differences an all year average daily alcohol intake of 41-80 g results in a risk of significant loss of Purkinje cells.
A Country Funeral
Authors: JOHN G. PATY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Ad Libitum1 September 1983A Country FuneralJOHN G. PATY JR., M.D.JOHN G. PATY JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-418_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI drove to the cemetery through mountains newly filled with green. The smell of honeysuckle permeated the air. A squirrel darted in front of my car, just missing the left front wheel. The mountains swallowed me up and then spit me out into the valley. When I arrived it was almost noon, but the morning dampness had not been burned off by the bright sun, held there by a canopy of poplars, oaks, and maples. Intermittently came the knock of a woodpecker."Scuse me, Mister, could you tell me who they's buryin' today. We was sitting on the porch and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chattanooga, Tennessee PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEnd of Life in Pediatrics: The “Relief” of Poetry on Pain by Reaching Children's Spirituality 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 418-418KeywordsSmell ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Multicenter Evaluation of the Micral-Test II Test Strip, an Immunologic Rapid Test for the Detection of Microalbuminuria
Authors: Carl E Mogensen, Gian C Viberti, Edgar Peheim, Dolphe Kutter, Christoph Hasslacher, Walter Hofmann, Rolf Renner, Mats Bojestig, P Logstrup Poulsen, Graham Scott, John Thoma, Juergen Kuefer, B Nilsson, Brigitte Gambke, Peter Mueller, Joachim Steinbiss, Klaus-Dieter Willamowski
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of the Micral-Test II immunologic test strip for the detection of microalbuminuria, a multicenter evaluation in eight European study sites was performed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using both the Micral-Test II test strip and the routine method for the determination of albumin concentration, we investigated 2,228 urine samples from diabetic patients. Additionally, interperson variability, color stability, and possible interfering factors (temperature, pH, leucocyturia, erythrocyturia, and drugs) were tested. RESULTS For a cutoff concentration of 20 mg/l with respect to the routine methods, a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 71% were calculated for the Micral-Test II test strip. The negative predictive value was 0.95, and the positive predictive value was 0.78, with a prevalence of positive samples (laboratory method) of 52%. The interperson variability of color interpretation showed 93% concordant readings. The interference study showed an influence of oxytetracycline, leading to higher readings. There was no interference from pH. A sample temperature of &amp;lt;10 degrees C led to lower readings. In the case of samples with massive leucocyturia and erythrocyturia that may delete the chromatographic process, waiting an additional 1-2 min is needed before reading. CONCLUSIONS The results of the multicenter evaluation show that the Micral-Test II test strip permits an immediate and reliable semiquantitative determination of low albumin concentrations in urine samples with an almost user-independent color interpretation.
Homer Regulates the Association of Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors with Multivalent Complexes of Homer-Related, Synaptic Proteins
Authors: Bo Xiao, Jian Cheng Tu, Ronald S Petralia, Joseph P Yuan, Andrew Doan, Christopher D Breder, Alicia Ruggiero, Anthony A Lanahan, Robert J Wenthold, Paul F Worley
Journal: Neuron (1998)
Dialysis Plus Do Not Resuscitate—Not a Contradiction
Authors: Emilee R. Wilhelm-Leen, Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Fluoxetine for Bulimia Nervosa Following Poor Response to Psychotherapy
Authors: B. Timothy Walsh, W. Stewart Agras, Michael J. Devlin, Christopher G. Fairburn, G. Terence Wilson, Caroline Kahn, M. Kristin Chally
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

This was an investigation of whether treatment with fluoxetine is useful for individuals with bulimia nervosa who do not respond to psychotherapy or relapse afterward.Twenty-two patients with bulimia nervosa who had not responded to, or had relapsed following, a course of cognitive behavior therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy were randomly assigned to receive placebo (N=9) or fluoxetine (60 mg/day, N=13) for 8 weeks.The median frequency of binge eating in the previous 28 days declined from 22 to four episodes in the fluoxetine group but increased from 15 to 18 episodes in the placebo group. Similarly, purging frequency in the previous 28 days declined from 30 to six episodes in the fluoxetine group but increased from 15 to 38 episodes in the placebo group.Fluoxetine may be a useful intervention for patients with bulimia nervosa who have not responded adequately to psychological treatment.
Immune dysfunction in HIV-seronegative, Cryptococcus gattii meningitis
Authors: Annemarie E. Brouwer, Asna A. Siddiqui, Maartje I. Kester, Kim C.E. Sigaloff, Adul Rajanuwong, Saran Wannapasni, Wirongrong Chierakul, Thomas S. Harrison
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Q fever: a new cause of 'doughnut' granulomatous lobular panniculitis
Authors: C. Galache, J. Santos-Juanes, S. Blanco, E. Rodriguez, A. Martinez, J. Soto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Q fever is an uncommon zoonotic rickettsial disease with no exanthem or specific cutaneous lesions. Only nonspecific cutaneous involvement has been reported to date. A 69‐year‐old Spanish woman with chronic myelogenous leukaemia developed fever and two subcutaneous nodules. The patient complained of extreme pain. Biopsy revealed a granulomatous lobular panniculitis with a characteristic 'fibrin ring' or 'doughnut' appearance: fibrin and inflammatory cells arranged around a central clear space. Changes of membranous lipodystrophy were also found. Q fever serological studies were positive. Our patient had panniculitis with singular histopathological features. These histopathological changes have been described in liver and bone marrow of patients with Q fever. To the best of our knowledge, this cutaneous involvement due to Q fever has not previously been described in the literature.
The Present Position and Prospects of Epidemiological Science: Being the Opening Address of the Thirteenth Session of the Epidemiological Society
Authors: B. W. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1863)

Brtsand their results in their combined form are as safe as any others that are based on arithmetical calculations.Thus, we know that in this country small-pox, hoopingcough, croup, and bronchitis, are most common in the months of January, February, and March, and least common in July