tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A New Self-Expanding Nitinol Stent (JoStent SelfX) for Palliation of Malignant Biliary Obstruction: a Pilot Study
Authors: A. May, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: The JoStent SelfX is a new biliary uncovered self-expanding nitinol stent. The main advantage of this stent in comparison with the ”gold standard” Wallstent is the minimal shortening (< 10 %) that occurs during stent deployment. A prospective feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the method of stent implantation and the stent’s short-term efficacy. Patients and Methods: Between April 2001 and December 2002, the JoStent SelfX was implanted in 20 patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstructions, mainly caused by pancreatic cancer (12 of 20). All patients underwent sphincterotomy prior to stent insertion. After implantation, laboratory parameters for cholestasis and expansion of the stent were checked over a period of several days. All patients were followed for 8 weeks after implantation to document early stent dysfunction.
Reflex Coronary Vasoconstriction Caused by Gallbladder Distension in Anesthetized Pigs
Authors: Giovanni Vacca, Antonio Battaglia, Elena Grossini, David A.S.G. Mary, Claudio Molinari
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Gallbladder distension in anesthetized pigs reflexly increases heart rate and arterial pressure by means of afferent vagal pathways and efferent sympathetic mechanisms. The effect of such distension on the coronary circulation is unknown. The present study was undertaken to determine whether gallbladder distension primarily causes reflex changes in left circumflex blood flow. Methods and Results In 21 pigs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (16) or α-chloralose (5), left circumflex blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. A balloon positioned within the gallbladder was distended with volumes of Ringer's solution equal to the volumes of bile previously withdrawn (mean vol: 62 mL; mean gallbladder pressure: 12 mm Hg). Heart rate and arterial pressure were kept constant by atrial pacing and by a pressurized reservoir connected to the left femoral artery. Gallbladder distension always caused a decrease in circumflex blood flow. In 6 of the 16 sodium pentobarbitone–anesthetized pigs, this decrease was graded by step increments of distension. In 5 of these 16 pigs, the decrease in circumflex blood flow was not affected by atropine. In 10 of these 16 pigs, including those given atropine, the response was not affected by propranolol but was abolished by subsequently giving phentolamine. Cervical vagotomy abolished the coronary vasoconstriction in the remaining 6 pigs. In the 5 α-chloralose–anesthetized pigs, the response was not significantly affected by cutting the splanchnic nerves but was abolished by subsequent cervical vagotomy. Conclusions The present study showed that innocuous distension of the gallbladder in anesthetized pigs caused a reflex coronary vasoconstriction that involved efferent sympathetic mechanisms related to α-adrenoceptors and afferent vagal pathways.
Postmortem Studies of the Heart in Three Fatal Cases of the Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome
Authors: Thomas N. James, Mary L. Kamb, Glory A. Sandberg, Richard M. Silver, Edwin M. Kilbourne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To examine the hearts of individuals who died from the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan, with particular attention paid to the coronary arteries, the neural structures, and the conduction system of the heart because of reported terminal disturbances of cardiac rhythm and conduction.Three hearts fixed in neutral formalin and well preserved with all the relevant areas of conduction system intact.Light microscopic examination of subserial sections of the sinus node, atrioventricular node and His bundle, coronary chemoreceptor and regional nerves, ganglia, and small coronary arteries. Routine stains used were Goldner trichrome and Verhoeff-van Gieson.Arterial abnormalities were numerous and primarily of two types: focal fibromuscular dysplasia causing moderate to severe narrowing, as well as endarteritis and panarteritis. Extensive examples of neuritis and ganglionitis were present throughout the heart, including the conduction system, where arterial abnormalities were also abundant. In the coronary chemoreceptor there were both old and new lesions comprising focal inflammation with degeneration as well as older areas of fibrotic destruction. Within the sinus node, areas of dense fibrosis replaced all nodal tissue. These abnormalities were similar in nature and extent in all three hearts.The pathologic lesions present in the coronary arteries, neural structures, and conduction system of the heart in patients who died from the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome provide a suitable anatomic substrate for substantial cardiac electrical instability, including the occurrence of sudden death. In cases of unexplained cardiac electrical instability or sudden unexpected death an inquiry should be made about previous use of L-tryptophan. In patients with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, the possibility of cardiac electrical instability should be considered as part of long-range clinical management.
NAEVUS LIPOMATOSUS CUTANEUS SUPERFICIALIS (HOFFMAN-Z URHELLE)
Authors: A. G. FINLEY, L. A. MUSSO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article NAEVUS LIPOMATOSUS CUTANEUS SUPERFICIALIS (HOFFMAN‐Z URHELLE) Get access A. G. FINLEY, A. G. FINLEY Department of Dermatology, Dydney Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. A. MUSSO L. A. MUSSO Department of Dermatology, Dydney Hospital, Sydney, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 87, Issue 6, 1 December 1972, Pages 557–564, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb07445.x Published: 01 December 1972 Article history Accepted: 22 June 1972 Published: 01 December 1972
Incidence and prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a defined adult population in sweden
Authors: Björn Lindkvist, Maria Benito de Valle, Bo Gullberg, Einar Björnsson
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Population-based studies on the epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are sparse. The aim of the present study was to investigate prevalence and temporal trends in the incidence of PSC 1992-2005 in an adult population in Västra Götaland, a region in southern Sweden with a defined population of about 1.5 million. Patients with PSC aged 18 years or above were identified through a computerized search for diagnostic codes. A total number of 199 incident cases fulfilling Mayo criteria for PSC were identified through retrospective validation of clinical records. Temporal trends in the incidence of PSC were investigated by Poisson regression and expressed as average annual percent change (AAPC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The point prevalence of PSC on December 31, 2005, was 16.2/100,000 in the total adult population (men, 23.7/100,000; women, 8.9/100,000). The annual incidence was 1.22/100,000 in the total adult population (men, 1.78/100,000; women, 0.69/100,000). The overall incidence rate of PSC increased significantly over the investigation period (AAPC 3.06, 95% CI 0.01-6.20). Stratified analysis revealed significantly increasing trends for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)–associated PSC (AAPC 7.01, 95% CI 0.24-14.24) and large duct PSC (AAPC 6.32, 95% CI 0.03-13.02) in women and for PSC without IBD (AAPC 9.69, 95% CI 0.82-19.33) and small duct PSC (AAPC 17.88, 95% CI 0.95-40.25) in men. Conclusion: This is the first study to report a significantly increasing trend in the incidence of PSC. The prevalence of PSC at the end of the study period is the highest reported to date. This implies that the medical burden of PSC may be higher than estimated previously. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;)
Retransplantation of Scarce Organs: The Ethical Lessons-Reply
Authors: Peter Ubel
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Zinberg that many rational planners would favor allocation schemes that favor primary transplant candidates over retransplant candidates. However, as we pointed out in our article, theories guided by what a rational planner would choose are inadequate to decide transplant allocation because philosophers do not agree on what a rational planner would choose. A number of scholars argue that a rational planner ought to choose a utilitarian system of justice.<sup>1,2</sup>Zinberg contends that a rational planner would give primary candidates priority whether or not this increased utility. Rawls would probably not agree with either view. Rawls is careful to point out that his theory of justice is an alternative to utilitarianism.<sup>3</sup>He also takes great pains to argue that his rational planner would place high priority on raising the level of the worst off in society. For transplantation, that could mean giving priority
Altered Fat Tissue Distribution in Young Adult Men Who Had Low Birth Weight
Authors: Eva Lind Rasmussen, Charlotte Malis, Christine Bjørn Jensen, Jens-Erik Beck Jensen, Heidi Storgaard, Pernille Poulsen, Kasper Pilgaard, Jacob Hagen Schou, Sten Madsbad, Arne Astrup, Allan Vaag
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Numerous studies have implicated impaired early growth (low birth weight [LBW]) as a risk factor for the development of obesity (1) and type 2 diabetes (2). Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and although the mechanistic basis is not fully known, several characteristics of the metabolically active visceral fat depot, including ready release of free fatty acids and adipokines into the portal circulation, have been proposed as potential mediators of whole-body insulin resistance. In contrast, leg fat appears to be protective against the development of glucose intolerance (3). Little is known about time of onset of fat accumulation and the regional distribution of fat tissue in LBW subjects. Previous studies have used indirect methods such as BMI, waist and hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio to assess adiposity and body fat distribution. The limitation of those measurements was recently demonstrated (4).

We determined whole-body fat content and regional fat distribution by anthropometrical measurements (BMI and waist and hip circumference) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (Norland XR-26 …
Differential Expression of Dysadherin in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Microcarcinoma: Correlation with E-cadherin
Authors: Anna Batistatou, Konstantinos Charalabopoulos, Yukihiro Nakanishi, Constantine Vagianos, Setsuo Hirohashi, Niki J. Agnantis, Chrissoula D. Scopa
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2008)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Abdominal Infection
Authors: A.S. BARRITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1984Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Abdominal InfectionA.S. BARRITT, M.D.A.S. BARRITT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-158_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I found Bell and colleagues' article (1) to be timely, because the problem they discuss is distressingly common in the hospital. The data are not particularly surprising but do represent an excellent summary.As a consultant gastroenterologist, I am particularly interested to learn that the sites of infection found at autopsy of patients with bacteremia included seven peritoneal abscesses. Typically, such a patient has a paralytic ileus with vague and shifting abdominal findings. What to do! As the authors point out, the patient's condition is often so precarious as to preclude some diagnostic maneuvers.What methods have...References1. BELLCOALSONSMITHJOHANSON RJJW. Multiple organ system failure and infection in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:293-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A.S. BARRITT, M.D.Affiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Salem, VA 24153 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1984Volume 100, Issue 1Page: 158-158KeywordsAbscessesAutopsyBacteremiaGastroenterology and hepatologyRespiratory distress syndromeUpper respiratory tract infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF TYPHUS FEVER
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, James E. McCartney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

The skin of guinea pigs in which the virus of typhus fever is propagated, when mildly irritated in advance of the febrile reaction, shows a characteristic exanthem during the height of the experimental disease. More drastic methods of irritation, however, cause a dermatitis which obscures the rash but produce in the corium more marked specific histopathological changes. The exanthem may aid the study of the specific incitant of typhus fever in the lesions.
Circulating Endothelial Cells in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel
Authors: Makoto Kawaishi, Yutaka Fujiwara, Tomoya Fukui, Terufumi Kato, Kazuhiko Yamada, Yuichiro Ohe, Hideo Kunitoh, Ikuo Sekine, Noboru Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nokihara, Takeshi Watabe, Yuji Shimoda, Tokuzo Arao, Kazuto Nishio, Tomohide Tamura, Fumiaki Koizumi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Biochemical mechanisms in asbestos toxicity.
Authors: Q Rahman, B Das, P N Viswanathan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The alarming hazardous nature of asbestos makes it the foremost among toxic fugitive dusts. The biochemical mechanisms responsible for the diverse biological effects of asbestos, such as fibrosis, asbestos bodies, pleural plaques, respiratory difficulty, cancer, and cytotoxicity, are being studied in this laboratory. As asbestosis progresses in guinea pigs, along with reticulum formation, lysosomal enzymes are released from membrane-bound latent state to active free form, initiating degradative changes. Considerable alterations take place in the pulmonary metabolic machinery. Mitochondria in lung cells were found to be important loci for the toxic effect of asbestos. A profile of mitochondrial activity, in control and asbestotic animals, revealed specific enzymic changes such as increased cytochrome c oxidase during the disease. The functional organization of mitochondria was also altered, since the organelles from asbestotic lungs were swollen as measured by spectrophotometry. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity of mitochondria became exposed in asbestosis. The maleate dehydrogenase shunt which is involved in transport of the redox potential across the membrane was enhanced in cytosol and mitochondria. The involvement of microsomal enzymes in asbestosis was indicated by alterations in glucose-6-phosphatase and tyrosine transaminase and aniline hydroxylase. Changes in the biotransformational capacity of lung, due to asbestos, could be an important aspect in toxicity, especially the carcinogenic effect. Considerable alterations were encountered in the levels of different phospholipids and in mucopolysaccharide constituents. On the basis of the above, the molecular mechanisms in asbestos toxicity are explained as an integrated model. Interactions of dust constituents with those of membranes and the ensuing metabolic adjustments are thus important in the etiology of asbestosis.
Acute abdominal pain due to an acquired disorder of coagulation
Authors: V Roy, M L Tillyer, B T Colvin
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Laparotomy is often performed to aid diagnosis and management of acute abdominal pain.Retroperitoneal haemorrhage is a rare cause of this pain, and failure to make a correct diagnosis before surgery is undertaken may prove costly. Case reportDuring his nine weeks in hospital the patient received 41 800 U human factor VIII, 52 000 U porcine factor VIII, and 300 g immunoglobulin.The factor VIII alone cost roughly £30 000.
The Female Climacteric and the Menopause
Authors: H. R. Donald
Journal: BMJ (1938)

ASCORBIC ACID IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMATHEBRITLg.i727given massive doses of ascorbic acid by injection.One of them received 500 mg.intramuscularly, another 800 mg.intravenously, and the remaining three 500 mg.by the same route.Results In reviewing the twenty-five cases after several weeks' treatment by oral medication with 100 mg. of ascorbic icid daily no evidence could be found 6f any marked improvement in the amount of wheezing, the in- cidence of attacks, or the general condition.None of the five patients who received injections of ascorbic acid in doses of 500 mg.or over experienced any relief in their symptoms after a pericd of twenty to thirty minutes, and the amount of adrenaline subsequently required to relieve the spasm was in no way diminished.Thus it was impossible to confirm the statement of Hochwald ( 1936) that asthmatic symptomscould be relieved by large intravenous injections of ascorbic acid.It may be mentioned that in these five cases symptoms were severe in two instances and slighter in three. ConclusionsThe investigations described above have not shown ascorbic acid to be of any value in the treatment of bronchial asthma when given in comparatively large doses either by injection or by mouth.I wish to thank Professor W. H.
PTH-091 To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of 6-Thioguanine Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease – a DGH Experience
Authors: R Saleem, A Gera, A Paolino, A Loganayagam
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Conventional thiopurines (Azathioprine/6-Mercaptopurine) are considered to be safe and effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unfortunately more than 50% of patients discontinue thiopurine therapy, mainly due to the development of adverse events or therapy resistance<sup>1</sup>. In recent years, 6-thioguanine (TG) has been used as an alternative thiopurine in IBD patients failing to tolerate or to respond to conventional thiopurine therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerability, safety and efficacy of 6-thioguanine in the treatment of IBD patients in a District General Hospital (DGH). <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective database analysis was performed on all IBD patients who had previously failed to respond or to tolerate conventional thiopurine therapy and were subsequently treated with TG at 20 mg once daily. Rates and reasons for treatment failure were assessed. Clinical features, laboratory values, abdominal imaging and endoscopic remission rates were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> Total of twelve patients received TG and median treatment duration was 8 months (range 1–12). There were 7(58%) female and 5(42%) male. Mean age was 37 years (range 19–62). 6/12(50%) patients had Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and 6/12(50%) had Crohn’s Disease (CD). Indications for initiation of 6-thioguanine therapy were conventional thiopurine intolerance 10(83%) and non-response to treatment 2(17%). Two patients stopped taking treatment within first month due to fear of side effects; one of them wanted to become pregnant. Of 10 patients two failed TG therapy: one due to adverse event (hair loss) and other due to therapy failure. 4/10(40%) patients had partial response, having occasional mild flare ups while further 6/10(60%) patients remained in sustained clinical remission at 6 months on treatment, although one of the patient did not turn up to follow up appointment following 6 months of therapy. Tolerability and efficacy rates were similar in both UC and CD. All patients were closely monitored and no abnormality in liver function tests detected. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study showed that TG was well tolerated in this selected group of difficult to treat patients. In addition, the use of small dose 20mg daily of TG appears to be relatively safe in IBD patients who failed conventional thiopurine therapy. Well designed prospective trials are required to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of 6-thioguanine. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> <i>1. Jharap B, Seinen ML, De Boer NK, et al.</i> Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010, doi:10.1002/ibd.21221
Preventing Perinatal HIV Transmission
Authors: John Sever
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Drs Simonds and Rogers<sup>1</sup>is yet another example of the value of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy in pregnancy. Unfortunately, a significant percentage of women in this country do not know that they are HIV-positive and, thus, the chance to reduce transmission to their infant is lost. We have enrolled 25 HIV-positive pregnant women into various treatment studies such as AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) protocol 185 for the last year. To our discomfort and horror, 9 of these patients first became aware of their HIV status by having a prior child admitted to the Children's National Medical Center with an AIDS-defining illness. Six of these children died. Like the canaries carried by coal miners in the previous century whose death would portend the presence of lethal gases, these children are the unfortunate sentinels of undiagnosed HIV infection. There are
Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: M. Rotman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure in Acute Myocardial Infarction.M. Rotman, M.D., R. M. Davidson, M.D., John HawleyM. Rotman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. M. Davidson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John HawleySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-867_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) provides a good estimate of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. This study reports the clinical significance of the PADP, measured with the Swan-Ganz flow directed catheter, in 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The mean time of initial study after admission was 5 hours with a range of 0 to 27 hours. Fourteen patients had uncomplicated infarction (PADP, 14.3 ± 0.6 mm Hg), 22 had mild to moderate congestive heart failure (PADP, 21.7 ± 6.5 mm Hg), three were in overt pulmonary edema (PADP, 38.3 ± 10.6 mm Hg). There was no significant difference in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: M. Rotman, M.D.; R. M. Davidson, M.D.; John HawleyAffiliations: Durham, N. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReply 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 867-867KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionBlood pressureCathetersEdemaHeart failureInfarctionPulmonary arteries ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Effect of Beta Sitosterol on the Serum Lipids of Young Men with Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease
Authors: JOHN W. FARQUHAR, RALPH E. SMITH, MARY E. DEMPSEY
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Previous studies in human beings on unrestricted diets have indicated that the plant sterols (beta or gamma sitosterol) cause decreases in serum cholesterol. In this study, 15 young men with previous myocardial infarction were given 12 to 18 Gm./day of beta sitosterol with resultant sustained reductions of serum cholesterol and beta lipoprotein lipid. Lipoprotein lipid fractionation was performed by paper electrophoresis. These changes occurred irrespective of initial serum cholesterol or content of diet. Control observations of the effects of diet, weight maintenance, and the inclusion of placebos brought about increased confidence that the changes were due to the administered sitosterol.