tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development and factor analysis of a questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction with injected and inhaled insulin for type 1 diabetes.
Authors: J C Cappelleri, R A Gerber, I A Kourides, R A Gelfand
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a self-administered questionnaire to address alternative delivery routes of insulin and to investigate aspects of patient satisfaction that may be useful for subsequent assessment and comparison of an inhaled insulin regimen and a subcutaneous insulin regimen. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Attributes of patient treatment satisfaction with both inhaled and injected insulin therapy were derived from five qualitative research studies to arrive at a 15-item questionnaire. Each item was analyzed on a five-point Likert scale so that higher item scores indicated a more favorable attitude. There were 69 subjects with type 1 diabetes previously taking injected insulin therapy who were enrolled in a phase II clinical trial. Their baseline responses on the questionnaire were evaluated and subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. Meaningful factors were retained and interpreted based on their psychometric properties. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a two-factor solution accounting for 66 and 20% of the variance, respectively. The first factor contained 10 reliable items (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) relating to convenience and ease of use, and the second contained 5 reliable items (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82) relating to social comfort. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 1 diabetes, this analysis highlighted and quantified two key factors contributing to patient satisfaction: convenience/ease of use and social comfort. The questionnaire underwent rigorous development, had reliable properties, and an interpretable and rich factor structure. This report is intended to help advance, in subsequent investigations, the understanding and measurement of treatment satisfaction with novel and existing forms of insulin delivery.
Quantitative Methods for the Recognition of Atrioventricular Junctional Rhythms in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: JOHN R. URBACH, JACOB J. GRAUMAN, SANDOR H. STRAUS
Journal: Circulation (1969)

This paper describes a method of analyzing electrocardiograms that detects and identifies nonfibrillatory atrial, A-V junctional, and ventricular pacemakers in atrial fibrillation, measures the ventricular beat intervals produced by the detected pacemaker, and estimates the block between pacemaker and ventricle. The identification and measurements are made with a known degree of assurance which may be increased or diminished since it depends entirely upon the number of heart beats analyzed. By applying the method to 61 recordings of 31 patients, we detected 18 instances of A-V junctional tachycardia and escape rhythm of which only three had been identified by ordinary electrocardiographic interpretation. The procedure consists of recording the electrocardiogram on magnetic tape, reducing the contained information to certain displays, and testing statistically the hypotheses suggested by them. The displays employed are: (1) A plot of the duration or the reciprocal of the duration of successive electrocardiographic R-R intervals against elapsed time (tachogram); (2) a plot of the number of R-R intervals in the recording within each duration class against the duration of the class (interval histogram); (3) a plot of the number of beat-to-beat interval sequences formed by intervals with equal durations, successively diminishing durations, and durations representing multiples of a common time segment against the duration of the identifying interval of each sequence (sequence histogram); and (4) a graphic presentation of the averaged electrocardiographic presystolic potential. The paper also presents evidence that A-V junctional escape rhythm in atrial fibrillation is due to pathological A-V block and should be considered to be the result of digitalis excess when this drug is exhibited.
Effects of Sofosbuvir-Based Treatment, With and Without Interferon, on Outcome and Productivity of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Zobair M. Younossi, Maria Stepanova, Linda Henry, Edward Gane, Ira M. Jacobson, Eric Lawitz, David Nelson, Lynn Gerber, Fatema Nader, Sharon Hunt
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Kinetics of Gene Related to Anergy in Lymphocytes (grAIL) expression in CD4+ CD25+ T Regulatory Cells and Correlation with Suppression and T:APC Conjugate Formation
Authors: J.M. Schartner, A. Timmel, W. Simonson, M. Jennens-Clough, A. Huttenlocher, C.M. Seroogy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Improvement of Lipid Status in Diabetic Boys: The 1971 and 1979 Joslin Camp Lipid Levels
Authors: Marc H Blanc, Om P Ganda, Ray E Gleason, J Stuart Soeldner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Since 1972, young type I diabetic patients seen by Joslin Clinic physicians have been advised to use a low cholesterol diet with a high proportion of polyunsaturated fat. Mean fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels at admission to the Joslin Boys Camp for the years 1971 (N = 129) and 1979 (N = 79) were compared. In 1979, the mean cholesterol level was lower by 44 mg/dl (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and the mean triglyceride by 21 mg/dl (P &amp;lt; 0.001) compared with 1971. The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia decreased from 21.6% to 7.6% with a complete disappearance of types IV and V during the same period. A decrease in the development of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in type I diabetic patients might be anticipated from this diet modification.
NHS hospital doctors face compulsory audit
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Key changes that will make hospital doctors in England publicly accountable for their clinical performance have been signalled by the government in the wake of the Bristol case in which 29 children died after cardiac surgery.

The changes go further than the mortality league tables announced earlier this month (13 June, p 1767). Doctors will be obliged to take part in far more sophisticated systems of clinical audit.

The moves supplement, and in some respects breach, previous reliance on professional self regulation. For instance, participation in the four national audits known as standing confidential inquiries will be compulsory rather than voluntary. In some NHS regions over a third of surgeons and anaesthetists do not take part in the …
Viral Etiology of Crohn Disease
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Crohn disease is most frequently confined to the small intestine with 90% of the cases involving the terminal ileum, but it also occurs in the colon and other parts of the intestinal tract. Its clinical course has similar and dissimilar features to that of ulcerative colitis. Hypotheses concerning etiology of Crohn disease have been very vague until now.  Crohn disease is often marked by anergy; however, the granulomatous nature of the disorder reminds one of an inflammatory reaction. It is obvious that ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease are two distinct and separable entities.  Mitchell and Rees 1 in 1970 and Cave et al 2 in 1973 showed that it is possible to transmit to experimental animals a condition similar to Crohn disease by filtrates of human ileum with Crohn disease. This led to suspicion that Crohn disease may be caused by a virus.  Recently more information began accumulating and tended
Will a market deliver quality and efficiency in health care better than central planning ever could? No
Authors: N. Lawson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>James Gubb</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1297) and <b>Stephen Smith</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1299) are convinced that market forces will improve the NHS, but <b>Neal Lawson</b> and <b>Jonathon Tomlinson</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1302) have their doubts
Durable HIV Treatment Benefit Despite Low-Level Viremia
Authors: Steven G. Deeks
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Redistribution of creatine kinase isoenzymes in chronically overloaded myocardium
Authors: A YOUNES, J M SCHNEIDER, J BERCOVICI, B SWYNGHEDAUW
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Chronic overload due to an experimental abdominal aortic stenosis in rats causes hypertrophy of ventricles and a parallel increase of the MB and BB isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) in cardiac tissue. The CK isoenzyme profile was determined using a new two-step method combining anion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. In overloaded ventricles a shift was observed from the MM isoform which decreased (from 407±10 μmol·min−1·g−1 ww in sham-operated to 370±0.13, in the overloaded group, p<0.05) towards the MB and BB forms whose activity was enhanced (from 56±4 and 6.5±0.7 to 77±6 and 10.1 ±1.2, respectively, p<0.02). These modifications were more pronounced (318±15, 83± 15 and 15.1±2.5, for the MM, MB and BB forms respectively, p<0.01) in rats having a very marked hypertrophy and whose ventricular/body weight ratio (expressed in mg of ventricles per g) was above 3. Moreover this ratio correlates both with the amount of the MB form (r=0.32, p<0.05) and with the percentage of the B monomer (r=0.51, p<0.01). This shift, like that previously described for lactate dehydrogenase and myosin, favoured the fetal form and this supports the hypothesis that overloaded myocytes improve their efficiency by expressing some of the isoforms normally present in the fetus.
Cystic Diseases of the Kidney
Authors: Frank Hinman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Specialists in nephrology, urology, pediatrics, pathology and radiology contribute to the preparation of this book and thus assure that each section is authoritative and current. More importantly, they clarify much confusion arising from the muddled nomenclature that has blocked our understanding of the relationships among renal cystic diseases. Renal cystic diseases are so significant as causes of end-stage kidney disease that their etiologies, resulting symptoms, and complications need to be better understood.  The chapter on classification looks complicated but through listing the types by etiology and site, order is gained. The chapter on radiography illustrates the most modern technics and supplements them with photographs of the corresponding gross specimens. In addition, as part of the discussion of each cystic entity, the radiographic diagnostic features are described and well-illustrated. The section on functional abnormalities associated with renal cystic disease contains useful information for management of patients. The genetics section also has
568 Natural history of patients with chronic hepatitis C and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels: data from the multinational PEGASYS study (NR 16071)
Authors: M SHIFFMAN, M DIAGO, A TRAN, P POCKROS, R REINDOLLAR, D PRATI, F LAMOUR, P LARDELLI, S ZEUZEM
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Resisting Sparrow's Sexy<i>Reductio</i>: Selection Principles and the Social Good
Authors: Thomas Douglas, Russell Powell, Katrien Devolder, Pablo Stafforini, Simon Rippon
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1In early writing on genetic selection, Savulescu (2001; 2005) does alternate between talk of “good reasons” and “obligation.” In that context, however, talk of obligations is most charitably interpreted as referring to merely prima facie obligations that are grounded in good, pro tanto reasons.
Defective expression of HLA class I and CD1a molecules in boy with Marfan-like phenotype and deep skin ulcers
Authors: Alessandro Plebani, Virginia Monafo, Roberto Cattaneo, Graziella Carella, Duilio Brugnoni, Fabio Facchetti, Simonetta Battocchio, Antonella Meini, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Marzia Duse, Alberto G. Ugazio
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer
Authors: Peter B. Bach
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cooperation and fairness depend on self-regulation
Authors: Sarah E. Ainsworth, Roy F. Baumeister
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Any evolved disposition for fairness and cooperation would not replace but merely compete with selfish and other antisocial impulses. Therefore, we propose that human cooperation and fairness depend on self-regulation. Evidence shows reductions in fairness and other prosocial tendencies when self-regulation fails.
Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nicola N. Zammitt, Brian M. Frier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The importance of strict glycemic control to limit the risk of diabetic vascular complications is indisputable, but many barriers obstruct its attainment. Hypoglycemia is recognized to be a major limitation in achieving good control in type 1 diabetes (1) but has been considered to be a minor problem of the treatment modalities used for type 2 diabetes (2). This may be a misperception based on inadequate information. The burden of covert hypoglycemia associated with oral antidiabetic agents may be underestimated, and with the increasing use of insulin to treat type 2 diabetes, the actual prevalence of hypoglycemia is likely to escalate.

The frequency and pathophysiology of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes and the relationship to different therapies was reviewed by conducting a literature search using the bibliographic database PubMed to identify publications in English from 1984 until 2005 related to hypoglycemia associated with treatment of type 2 diabetes, and the bibliographies of relevant articles were scrutinized for additional citations. Search terms included “type 2 diabetes,” “NIDDM,” “non-insulin-dependent diabetes,” “hypoglycemia,” and “hypoglycaemia.”

### Normal physiological responses to hypoglycemia

The human brain primarily uses glucose as its source of energy. Under normal conditions, the brain is unable to synthesize or store glucose and is exquisitely vulnerable to glucose deprivation. To protect the integrity of the brain, several physiological mechanisms have evolved to respond to and limit the effects of hypoglycemia (3–6).

In humans, the initial response to a decline in blood glucose is suppression of endogenous insulin secretion followed by release of counterregulatory hormones, of which glucagon and epinephrine (adrenaline) are the most potent. When blood glucose falls in a nondiabetic adult, the secretion of counterregulatory hormones and the onset of cognitive, physiological, and symptomatic changes occur at reproducible blood glucose thresholds (4,7) within a defined hierarchy (5) (Fig. 1). Subjective recognition of …
An EphB-Abl signaling pathway is associated with intestinal tumor initiation and growth
Authors: Parag Kundu, Maria Genander, Klas Strååt, Johanna Classon, Rachel A. Ridgway, Ee Hong Tan, Jan Björk, Anna Martling, Johan van Es, Owen J. Sansom, Hans Clevers, Sven Pettersson, Jonas Frisén
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

EphB receptors regulate the proliferation and positioning of intestinal stem and progenitor cells. In addition, they can act as tumor promoters for adenoma development but suppress progression to invasive carcinoma. We used imatinib to abrogate Abl kinase activity in Apc(Min/+) mice and in mice with LGR5(+) stem cells that were genetically engineered to develop adenomatous polyposis coli. Imatinib treatment inhibited the tumor-promoting effects of EphB signaling without attenuating EphB-mediated tumor suppression, demonstrating a role for EphB signaling in the initiation of intestinal tumors. The imatinib treatment regimen extended the life span of Apc(Min/+) mice and reduced cell proliferation in cultured slices of adenomas from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. These findings connect the EphB signaling pathway to the regulation of intestinal adenoma initiation via Abl kinase. Our findings may have clinical implications for pharmacological therapy against adenoma formation and cancer progression in patients predisposed to develop colorectal cancer.
Blockade of peanut allergy with a novel Ara h 2–Fcγ fusion protein in mice
Authors: Yu Liu, Yongtao Sun, Lee-Jah Chang, Newton Li, Huabin Li, Yanni Yu, Paul J. Bryce, Leslie C. Grammer, Robert P. Schleimer, Daocheng Zhu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
The Relationship Of The Serum Vitamin D Levels With Asthmatic Severity Responses In Asthmatic Children
Authors: Julio Orellana, Telma Varela, Ana Romero Boni, Ofelia Miño, Estela Pautasso, Susana Rivolta, Ramón Pogonza, Juan Carlos Muino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS OF MANIC-DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: PAULINE A. DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

Thae EEGs of 81 manic-depressive patients of whom 52 were diagnosed as manic-depressive depressed (MDD), 22 as manic-depressive manic (MDM), and 7 as manic-depressive mixed (MD mixed) were recorded and analyzed. Findings reveal that there is very little change in the EEGs when patients diagnosed as MDD or MDM shift from one phase to another except when the level of consciousness is altered. Those patients whose EEGs show erratic slow wave disturbances are those whose behavior is unpredictable, regardless of diagnosis. The majority of the MDD group have A or MS patterns with alpha frequencies of 10 cycles or slower. The MDM majority of the MDM group have MF patterns with alpha frequencies 10 cycles or faster. Previous studies show a correlation between passive, dependent types of individuals and A patterns, and between agressive, active, independent individuals and MF or B patterns. It is the author's belief that if a person with an A pattern should develop MD psychosis he will be more apt to be diagnosed as MDD. If he has an MF or B pattern composed of fast frequencies he will be more apt to be diagnosed as MDM or as "agitated depression." The EEGs have not yet yielded data concerning the factors responsible for the shifts in the manic-depressive phases when the level of consciousness is still unimpaired.
Abstract 3199: Diastolic Dysfunction in Chronic Heart Failure and Aging - Effects of Exercise Training
Authors: Marcus Sandri, Stephan Gielen, Norman Mangner, Robert Höllriegel, Sandra Erbs, Axel Linke, Sven Möbius-Winkler, Rainer Hambrecht, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Circulation (2008)

BACKGROUND: Diastolic left ventricular dysfunction may occur in both physiologic aging and chronic heart failure (CHF). It has, however, never been assessed, whether the degree of diastolic impairment in CHF is influenced by age and if the previously observed beneficial effects of exercise (ET) on left ventricular filling are diminished in old age. METHODS: In this study we randomised 53 pts. with stable CHF(LVEF 27.3±2.1%) and 51 healthy subjects (HS) (LVEF 61.5±2.7%) to a training (T) or a control group (C). To detect possible aging effects we included subjects &lt;55 (young) and &gt;65 years (old). Subjects in the T-group exercised 4 times daily at 60 to 70% of VO 2 max for 4 weeks under supervision. At baseline and after the intervention E/A ratio and lateral E/E′ ratio were determined by echocardiography and with tissue Doppler imaging. RESULTS: As compared to young HS, old HS showed at baseline a reduced E/A ratio and an increased E/È ratio (young: E/A 1.2±0.2; E/È 7.3±0.1 old: E/A 0.7±0.1; E/È 13.5±0.3; p&lt;0.05). In CHF pts., diastolic function was impaired (young E/A 0.8±0.2; E/È 12.9±0.5 old: E/A 0.8±0.1; E/È 13.7±0.4). No difference of these baseline parameters between the age groups was observed (p=0.72). As a result of ET, E/A ratio improved from 0.7±0.1 to 1.2±0.2 and E/È ratio improved from 13.7±0.3 to 9.3±0.4 in old HS (p&lt;0.05), while it remained unchanged in young training HS and C. In young and old pts. with CHF four weeks of ET resulted in a significant change in E/A ratio (young: from 0.8±0.1 to 1.2±0.1; p&lt;0.05; old: from 0.7±0.1 to 1.1±0.2 p&lt;0.05) and E/È ratio (young: from 13.1±0.3 to 10.1±0.2; p&lt;0,05; old: from 14.1±0.3 to 11.2±0.3; p&lt;0.05). In C no effect was detectable. CONCLUSIONS: The present trial provides new insight into chronobiology of cardiovascular training effects: Among HS aging is associated with the development of significant left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. In CHF both young and old pts. exhibit a similar degree of LV-dysfunction. Four weeks of ET are effective in improving diastolic function in old HS and in young and old CHF pts. The lusitropic training effects were not significantly diminished among older pts. underlining the potentials of rehabilitation interventions in this patient group.
Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion Determined by Homeostasis Model Assessment and Risk of Diabetes in a Multiethnic Cohort of Women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors: Yiqing Song, Simin Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We thank Boyko et al. (1) for their interest in our work (2). However, they seemed to have misunderstood our case definition. As a priori, our definition of diabetes was clinical diabetes with a special focus on those who were treated with hypoglycemic drugs or insulin. According to this standardized definition in our cohort, all the “prevalent” cases were indeed excluded from our original sampling space at baseline. Although these clinical diabetes cases may only represent one specific phenotype (treated and more severe cases) whose etiology may be different from that of other diabetes phenotypes (including those based on one measure of …