tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CASEIN DIGESTS PARENTERALLY UTILIZED TO FORM BLOOD PLASMA PROTEIN
Authors: S. C. Madden, L. J. Zeldis, A. D. Hengerer, L. L. Miller, A. P. Rowe, A. P. Turner, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding with return of the washed red cells (plasmapheresis) it is possible to bring dogs to a steady state of hypoproteinemia and a uniform plasma protein production on a basal diet limited in protein. Such dogs are clinically normal but have a lowered resistance to infection and certain intoxications. Casein digests given by vein or subcutaneously to such plasma depleted dogs are effective in promoting abundant new plasma protein production. Casein digest L by vein is equivalent to whole liver of like protein equivalence by mouth. The ratio of new plasma protein production to protein intake is 20 to 25 per cent in both instances. Casein digest L by vein gives the same response in plasma protein output as the same digest by mouth. Protein digest X by vein requires addition of tryptophane and cysteine to be effective in plasma protein production. The added cysteine sulfur is more than 95 per cent retained by the dog. The speed of digest injection has no effect on its utilization, within the range tested. Casein digest L given by vein to non-depleted dogs is less well utilized than in dogs depleted of plasma protein.
A CASE OF PERFORATING GASTRIC ULCER.
Authors: ALLEN JONES
Journal: JAMA (1900)

For the following case I am indebted to Dr. A. B. Beiver, of Ridgway, Pa., who kindly referred the patient to me Sept. 20, 1899. The patient was a man, by nativity a Swede, aged 57 years, by occupation a tanner. He said that his father died at the age of 90 and his mother at the age of 45-cause unknown. He had two brothers and two sisters, all of whom were in good health. The man had been suffering for five years from recurring attacks of gastric pain and vomiting. After stopping work and abstaining from all but small quantities of predigested milk and other liquid foods for a few weeks, his vomiting ceased, and he rapidly gained strength and returned to work. This happened several times and each succeeding attack was more severe than the former until finally, before I saw him, he had not been at work
Suplatast tosilate (ST) inhibits thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) production by antigen-specific human T helper 2 (Th2) cells
Authors: N. Oda, K. Minoguchi, A. Tanaka, T. Yokoe, H. Matsuo, S.K. Huang, M. Adachi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Food intake in free-feeding and energy-deprived lean rats is mediated by the neuropeptide Y5 receptor.
Authors: L Criscione, P Rigollier, C Batzl-Hartmann, H Rüeger, A Stricker-Krongrad, P Wyss, L Brunner, S Whitebread, Y Yamaguchi, C Gerald, R O Heurich, M W Walker, M Chiesi, W Schilling, K G Hofbauer, N Levens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The new neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor antagonist CGP 71683A displayed high affinity for the cloned rat NPY Y5 subtype, but > 1, 000-fold lower affinity for the cloned rat NPY Y1, Y2, and Y4 subtypes. In LMTK cells transfected with the human NPY Y5 receptor, CGP 71683A was without intrinsic activity and antagonized NPY-induced Ca2+ transients. CGP 71683A was given intraperitoneally (dose range 1-100 mg/kg) to a series of animal models of high hypothalamic NPY levels. In lean satiated rats CGP 71683A significantly antagonized the increase in food intake induced by intracerebroventricular injection of NPY. In 24-h fasted and streptozotocin diabetic rats CGP 71683A dose-dependently inhibited food intake. During the dark phase, CGP 71683A dose-dependently inhibited food intake in free-feeding lean rats without affecting the normal pattern of food intake or inducing taste aversion. In free-feeding lean rats, intraperitoneal administration of CGP 71683A for 28 d inhibited food intake dose-dependently with a maximum reduction observed on days 3 and 4. Despite the return of food intake to control levels, body weight and the peripheral fat mass remained significantly reduced. The data demonstrate that the NPY Y5 receptor subtype plays a role in NPY-induced food intake, but also suggest that, with chronic blockade, counterregulatory mechanisms are induced to restore appetite.
Adnexotropic T-cell lymphoma presenting with generalized anhidrosis, progressive alopecia, pruritus, and Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Daniel B. Dubin, James C. Hurowitz, Doreen Brettler, Jeffrey D. Bernhard, Marshall E. Kadin, Janice E. Wallace, Bruce Woda, German Pihan, Thomas S. Kupper, Terrence J. Harrist
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)
The Chromosomes in Human Cancer and Leukemia
Authors: Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of some aspects of cancer biology, especially the genetic changes in cancer cells. During this period, the critical role of chromosome changes in the complex process of malignant transformation has received further recognition. For years, the cytogenetic database has been tapped by molecular biologists who have used the information as a starting point to tackle problems at the molecular level. Cytogenetic analysis was the key to defining two major categories of genetic rearrangements, namely, recurring chromosomal translocations and consistent deletions. These abnormalities have now been shown to contribute to the oncogenic process through either the modification and activation of cellular protooncogenes or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Clinicians have also used cytogenetic information to assign prognosis in acute leukemia, lymphoma, and certain solid tumors. Thus, the karyotypic picture of any particular tumor has become of value to clinicians, biologists,
Accuracy of a single question in screening for depression in a cohort of patients after stroke: comparative study
Authors: C. Watkins, L. Daniels, C. Jack, H. Dickinson, M. van den Broek
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The rehabilitation of depressed stroke patients is more difficult than the rehabilitation of patients who are not depressed: their recovery in hospital is slower and less successful, they are less likely to regain normal lifestyles after discharge, and they have poorer survival rates long term.Clinicians frequently fail to recognise depression in stroke patients.Deficits in cognition and communication associated with stroke complicate the assessment of behaviour that is symptomatic of depression. 1 Because doctors who are qualified to diagnose depression are scarce, a screening tool enabling clinicians to identify patients with problems may ensure productive referrals.In such a test, one needs to know the likelihood that patients who screen positive are depressed (positive predictive value) and that patients who screen negative are not depressed (negative predictive value).The difference between the positive and negative predictive values-when the prevalence of the condition in a given population is taken into considerationindicates the "incremental gain" (gain in diagnostic accuracy) obtained by using the test rather than by guessing.Knowing the incremental gain allows other clinicians to understand how the test may perform in a cohort. 2 Our study determined the accuracy of a single item tool-the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale-for screening depression.We compared responses using this scale to those obtained using a clinical classification, the Montgomery Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS).
Legal Medicine 1982
Authors: Mark E. Battista
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Neither a textbook nor a comprehensive practical guide, Legal Medicine 1982 nonetheless will serve well many needs of students and practitioners in both the legal and health care professions.   usual topics, of course, appear—malpractice, informed consent, abortion, and defining death—but with current information, practical advice, and some new twists. Remember the patient who refused a Pap smear two years in a row? Did you warn her of the risks of not having the test? If she dies of cancer of the cervix you might be liable. This from Dr Hirsh's insightful and, for many physicians, probably unsettling documentation of the expanding duty of care and novel theories of physician liability in The Legal Noose Gets Tighter. Discussions of child abuse and the physician's role in highway safety (reporting requirements are taking off) also are well done.  Some topics will appeal to more specific interests.  prolific and notable Dr
Myocardial Ischemic Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Dabigatran or Warfarin in the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) Trial
Authors: Stefan H. Hohnloser, Jonas Oldgren, Sean Yang, Lars Wallentin, Michael Ezekowitz, Paul Reilly, John Eikelboom, Martina Brueckmann, Salim Yusuf, Stuart J. Connolly
Journal: Circulation (2012)

There is a modest risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial ischemic events in patients with atrial fibrillation.Data from the RE-LY study (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) were used to report rates of MI, unstable angina, cardiac arrest, and cardiac death and the prespecified net clinical benefit and treatment effects of dabigatran versus warfarin. MI occurred at annual rates of 0.82% and 0.81% with dabigatran 110 or 150 mg BID compared with 0.64% with warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-1.75, P=0.09 for dabigatran 110 mg; HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.94-1.71, P=0.12 for dabigatran 150 mg). Annual rates of a composite of MI, unstable angina, cardiac arrest, and cardiac death were 3.16% per year with dabigatran 110 mg, 3.33% per year with dabigatran 150 mg, and 3.41% per year with warfarin (HR versus warfarin 0.93, 95% CI 0.80-1.06, P=0.28 for dabigatran 110 mg and HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.85-1.12, P=0.77 for dabigatran 150 mg). Events prespecified as "net clinical benefit" (all strokes, systemic embolism, MI, pulmonary embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause death) occurred at a rate of 7.34% per year with dabigatran 110 mg, 7.11% per year with dabigatran 150 mg, and 7.91% per year with warfarin (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84-1.01, P=0.09 for dabigatran 110 mg and HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.99, P=0.02 for dabigatran 150 mg). The relative effects of dabigatran versus warfarin on myocardial ischemic events were consistent in patients with or without a baseline history of MI or coronary artery disease.There was a nonsignificant increase in MI with dabigatran compared with warfarin, but other myocardial ischemic events were not increased. Treatment effects of dabigatran were consistent in patients at higher and lower risk of myocardial ischemic events.
Sensitivity to fungal allergens is a risk factor for life‐threatening asthma
Authors: P. N. Black, A. A. Udy, S. M. Brodie
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Previous studies have suggested that sensitivity to Alternaria and Cladosporium may be risk factors for life‐threatening asthma. We have investigated this by studying the relationship between skin tests for fungal spores and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for asthma. Methods: Skin prick tests for fungal spores ( Alternaria tenuis , Cladosporium cladosporoides , Helminthosporium maydis , and Epicoccum nigrum ), cat dander, house‐dust mite ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ), and a seven‐grass mix were performed in three groups of patients: patients admitted to an ICU with an attack of asthma; those who had received emergency treatment for asthma but had not been admitted to an ICU, and those who had never required emergency treatment for their asthma. Results: Twenty of 37 patients (54%) admitted to the ICU had a positive skin test for one or more fungal allergens compared with 15/50 patients (30%) in each of the other groups ( P =0.005). The ICU patients were no more likely to have positive skin tests for the grass mix, cat dander, or house‐dust mite than the other patients. Conclusions: A positive skin test for fungal allergens is a risk factor for admission to an ICU with an acute attack of asthma.
Pressure-flow relations in the pulmonary artery during myocardial ischaemia: implications for right ventricular function in coronary disease
Authors: W. G KUSSMAUL, J. M WIELAND, W. K LASKEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Because exercise induced pulmonary hypertension may disturb optimal coupling between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in coronary artery disease, high fidelity pulmonary artery and right ventricular pressure and electromagnetic pulmonary artery flow velocity data were recorded at rest and during supine exercise in 10 control subjects free of detectable cardiovascular disease and in 11 patients with coronary artery disease. The pulmonary artery impedance and power spectra were calculated from Fourier analysis of pressure and flow waveforms. Total hydraulic power expended per unit of forward flow was computed as an index of right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling. In coronary artery disease exercise produced substantial increases in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery characteristic impedance, and total power per unit flow. These changes did not occur in control subjects. Despite a significant exercise increase in right ventricular end diastolic pressure and peak right ventricular dP/dt, and independent of the presence of right coronary artery involvement, the right ventricular stroke output response during exercise was significantly blunted in the coronary artery disease patients. Pulmonary vascular resistance was unchanged by exercise in either group. Exercise induced ischaemia presents an increased pulsatile hydraulic load to the right ventricle. Increased pulmonary artery input impedance impairs the hydraulic efficiency of right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling and may contribute to the limitation of right ventricular ejection performance in coronary artery disease.
Expression of ICAM-3/CD50 in normal and diseased skin
Authors: A. MONTAZERI, J. KANITAKIS, G. ZAMBRUNO, D. BOURCHANY, D. SCHMITT, A. CLAUDY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

ICAM-3 is a newly recognized adhesion molecule, which is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family of ICAMs, and has been shown to be identical with the CD50 antigen. Recent functional studies have shown that ICAM-3 is a ligand for LFA-1, and plays an important part in immune reactions. To date, very few data exist in the literature concerning its expression in the skin. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ICAM-3 in normal skin and in 98 biopsy specimens of various inflammatory and neoplastic dermatoses. ICAM-3 was found to be expressed by epidermal CD1a+ Langerhans cells, by cells of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, by T and B lymphocytes infiltrating the dermis in cutaneous lymphomas and in a wide spectrum of inflammatory dermatoses. Epidermal keratinocytes were consistently negative; endothelial expression of ICAM-3 was observed in six of the 98 cases. These results show that ICAM-3 is constitutively and widely expressed by cells participating in inflammatory dermatoses (including Langerhans cells and T and B lymphocytes), and that it can be, albeit rarely, induced on endothelial cells and dermal dendrocytes. These results highlight the important part that ICAM-3 may play in cutaneous inflammatory and immune reactions.
Liver metabolic zonation in rat biliary cirrhosis: Distribution is reverse of that in toxic cirrhosis
Authors: Etienne M Sokal, Joelle Mostin, Jean Paul Buts
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Liver cell functional heterogeneity has been shown to persist in toxic CCl4 cirrhosis in growing rats, but the zonation observed in cirrhotic nodules may be different in other types of cirrhosis. To investigate this possibility, we looked at the zonal activities of two microsomal enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase and NADPH dehydrogenase, in cirrhotic nodules from growing rats with chronic cholestasis. Zonal activities were measured by quantitative cytochemistry and microdensitometry. Liver cell heterogeneity was demonstrated, and we confirmed that the metabolic zonation is the mirror image of that observed in toxic cirrhosis, with periportal activity at the nodule periphery and perivenular activity at the nodule centers. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was 2.06 times higher at the peripheries of the nodules than at the centers, whereas NADPH dehydrogenase activity at the nodule periphery was 72% of the nodule center activity. We conclude that a liver cell functional heterogeneity persists in biliary rat cirrhosis, with zonation the reverse of that previously found in toxic CCl4 cirrhosis.
THE USELESSNESS OF LOCAL TREATMENT IN PUERPERAL SEPSIS
Authors: J. H. CARSTENS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

When I was in active obstetric practice, twenty-five or thirty years ago, I saw many cases of puerperal sepsis, especially in consultation and coming from the hands of midwives. We were then just beginning to practice antiseptic midwifery and our great object was to kill the germs. Hence, we began to use various remedies that we supposed would destroy micro-organisms, such as phenol and mercuric chlorid, and I used these faithfully as vaginal douches and by intra-uterine irrigation. Then the fad of iodoform started, and I plead guilty of even introducing the stinking suppositories into the uterine cavity and letting them melt there.  But it soon was clear to me that there was not much difference in the ultimate result, no matter what kind of local treatment we made use of—that the real aim was asepsis, the prevention of puerperal fever.  I then found the best result by cleaning out
Recurrence of Venous Thromboembolism after Unfractionated Heparin Therapy
Authors: Stuart K. Sutton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 December 1996Recurrence of Venous Thromboembolism after Unfractionated Heparin TherapyStuart K. Sutton, MDStuart K. Sutton, MDHealth Services Association of Central New York, Syracuse, NY 13224.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Kormas and Manoharan provide useful information that, as they indicate, is especially relevant for patients discharged soon after completion of intravenous heparin therapy. Recent actuarial guidelines imply that only 4 inpatient days are required to treat deep venous thrombosis (although 5 days seems to be the absolute minimum on the basis of the need for adequate overlap of warfarin and heparin therapy). In such an environment, clinicians must have an optimal understanding of these subtleties of disease management.The results of Kormas and Manoharan's study updates the work of Thomas and colleagues [1], who showed the influence ...References1. Thomas P, Fennerty A, Backhouse G, Bentley DP, Campbell IA, Routledge PA. Monitoring effects of oral anticoagulants during treatment with heparin. BMJ. 1984; 288:191. Google Scholar2. Solomon HM, Randall JR, Simmons VL. Heparin induced increase in the international normalized ratio. Am J Clin Pathol. 1995; 103:735-9. Google Scholar3. Hirsh J, Poller L. The international normalized ratio: a guide to understanding and correcting its problems. Arch Intern Med. 1994; 154:282-8. Google Scholar4. Litin SC, Gastineau DA. Concise review for primary-care physicians: current concepts in anticoagulant therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995; 70:266-72. Google Scholar5. Lutomski DM, Bottorff M, Sangha K. Pharmacokinetic optimisation of the treatment of embolic disorders. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995; 28:67-92. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Health Services Association of Central New York, Syracuse, NY 13224. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 12Page: 1013KeywordsDeep vein thrombosisHeparinInpatientsInternational normalized ratioPharmacokineticsProthrombin timeVenous thromboembolism Issue Published: 15 December 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Synergistic Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Exposure to Violence on Urban Asthma Etiology
Authors: Jane E. Clougherty, Jonathan I. Levy, Laura D. Kubzansky, P. Barry Ryan, Shakira Franco Suglia, Marina Jacobson Canner, Rosalind J. Wright
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundDisproportionate life stress and consequent physiologic alteration (i.e., immune dysregulation) has been proposed as a major pathway linking socioeconomic position, environmental exposures, and health disparities. Asthma, for example, disproportionately affects lower-income urban communities, where air pollution and social stressors may be elevated.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the role of exposure to violence (ETV), as a chronic stressor, in altering susceptibility to traffic-related air pollution in asthma etiology.MethodsWe developed geographic information systems (GIS)–based models to retrospectively estimate residential exposures to traffic-related pollution for 413 children in a community-based pregnancy cohort, recruited in East Boston, Massachusetts, between 1987 and 1993, using monthly nitrogen dioxide measurements for 13 sites over 18 years. We merged pollution estimates with questionnaire data on lifetime ETV and examined the effects of both on childhood asthma etiology.ResultsCorrecting for potential confounders, we found an elevated risk of asthma with a 1-SD (4.3 ppb) increase in NO2 exposure solely among children with above-median ETV [odds ratio (OR) = 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–2.33)]. Among children always living in the same community, with lesser exposure measurement error, this association was magnified (OR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.48–3.88). Of multiple exposure periods, year-of-diagnosis NO2 was most predictive of asthma outcomes.ConclusionsWe found an association between traffic-related air pollution and asthma solely among urban children exposed to violence. Future studies should consider socially patterned susceptibility, common spatial distributions of social and physical environmental factors, and potential synergies among these. Prospective assessment of physical and social exposures may help determine causal pathways and critical exposure periods.
PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A CHICKEN TUMOR
Authors: Ernest Sturm, F. Duran-Reynals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

Extracts prepared from the testicle tissue of the rat, rabbit, fowl or bull, injected together with extracts of Chicken Tumor I or with cells of this tumor, showed no definite effect of either enhancement or inhibition as concerned the resulting tumors.
Adapting an immune competent mouse model for glioblastoma T cell therapy
Authors: Tania Rodriguez-Cruz, Zhongzhen Yi, Stephen Gottschalk, Simone Krebs
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Glioblastoma (GBM) is the second most common, but most aggressive, primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the outcome of patients with GBM remains poor with 5-year survival rates of <10%. Therefore, new,
Efficacy and safety of an intensified schedule of tremelimumab for chemotherapy-resistant malignant mesothelioma: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study
Authors: Luana Calabrò, Aldo Morra, Ester Fonsatti, Ornella Cutaia, Carolina Fazio, Diego Annesi, Marica Lenoci, Giovanni Amato, Riccardo Danielli, Maresa Altomonte, Diana Giannarelli, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Michele Maio
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015)