tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Season, Nutrition and Pellagra
Authors: Frederick Sargent, Virginia W. Sargent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THAT nutritional deficiency diseases vary seasonally in incidence is a well established fact, and yet most authors have regarded this variation as an incidental feature in the natural history of these diseases. The explanations offered have considered seasonal changes only in available food supply, composition of food consumed, food habits and economic status. By such reasoning the human being becomes a standard digestive machine — functioning well with adequate food and breaking down with inadequate food. The human being cannot be so standardized in any theory of the etiology of nutritional deficiency disease,1 for man himself exhibits seasonal variations in . . .
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Persons with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States
Authors: Shruti H. Mehta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may contribute to the development of diabetes mellitus. This relationship has not been investigated at the population level, and its biological mechanism remains unknown. Objective: To examine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among persons with HCV infection in a representative sample of the general adult population of the United States. Design: Cross-sectional national survey. Setting: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Participants: 9841 persons older than 20 years of age for whom data on HCV infection and diabetes were complete. Measurements: The presence of diabetes was ascertained by using American Diabetes Association guidelines based on fasting plasma glucose measurement and medication history. Presence of HCV infection was assessed by testing for serum HCV-specific antibodies (anti-HCV). Results: Of the 9841 persons evaluated, 8.4% had type 2 diabetes and 2.1% were anti-HCV positive. Type 2 diabetes occurred more often in persons who were older, were nonwhite, had a high body mass index, and had low socioeconomic status. Type 2 diabetes was less common in persons who acknowledged previous illicit drug use. After adjustment for these factors, persons 40 years of age or older with HCV infection were more than three times more likely than those without HCV infection to have type 2 diabetes (adjusted odds ratio, 3.77 [95% CI, 1.80 to 7.87]). None of the 19 persons with type 1 diabetes were anti-HCV positive. Conclusion: In the United States, type 2 diabetes occurs more often in persons with HCV infection who are older than 40 years of age.
Aqueous cationic, anionic and non-ionic multi-walled carbon nanotubes, functionalised with minimal framework damage, for biomedical application
Authors: Shu Chen, Sheng Hu, Elizabeth F. Smith, Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Andrew J. Thorley, Robert Menzel, Angela E. Goode, Mary P. Ryan, Teresa D. Tetley, Alexandra E. Porter, Milo S.P. Shaffer
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
She's Drawn to Trailers
Authors: Clayton J. Baker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Ad Libitum17 February 2009She's Drawn to TrailersClayton J. Baker, MDClayton J. Baker, MDFrom Pittsford, NY 14534-4727.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-4-200902170-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail She's drawn to trailers, shacks, and huts.Why? Voyages into the Deltas—Mississippi to the Ganges.She writes, “my life tastes richer here.”Food doesn't—though she claims that, too.She gravitates to reservations,homeless shelters, basket cases.Why? Not through altruistic motives(though she won't refute this theory).She dreams elaborate dreams of squalor.Upper East Sides leave her empty.Why? Architecture is a virtue.Opera too—and running water.These she concedes. It changes nothing.She's drawn to trailers, shacks, and huts.Clayton J. Baker, MDPittsford, NY 14534-4727 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Pittsford, NY 14534-4727.Current Author Address: Clayton J. Baker, MD, Pittsford, NY 14534-4727. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 February 2009Volume 150, Issue 4Page: 281KeywordsFoodRunningTaste ePublished: 17 February 2009 Issue Published: 17 February 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE ROENTGEN METHOD AS A GUIDE IN OPERATING FOR LITHIASIS OF THE URINARY TRACT.
Authors: CARL BECK
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It is one of the strangest phenomena in medicine that in the face of the most abundant proofs of reliability of renal skiagraphy, some of the best text-books still hesitate to recommend the method. Some others even openly warn the practitioner against it. This they do because authors have observed or heard of grave errors committed in its employment. Thus it is said, for instance, that skiagraphs taken by the "best experts" have shown renal calculi, while nephrotomy disclosed the absence of any concretion; and, on the other hand, that cases were reported, in which calculi were found at the operation after skiagraphy had failed to show evidence of their presence. None of these reports is well founded. Whenever errors have been committed they were of the individual and not of the method, and this should not be held responsible. I have often admired the power of imagination of some
Sunscreen protection against UVB, UVA and blue light: an in vivo and in vitro comparison
Authors: B. L. DIFFEY, P. M. FARR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The photoprotection against UVB, UVA and blue light provided by a widely prescribed sunscreen (RoC 15+ A + B) was compared with two new products containing microfine titanium dioxide (Sun K45 lotion SPF 15 and Sun E45 cream SPF 20). Comparisons were made in vivo using photosensitive patients with either chronic actinic dermatitis or erythropoietic protoporphyria, and in vitro using a newly developed spectrophotometric assay. Good agreement was obtained between the in-vivo and in-vitro methods at each waveband. All products showed high protection against UVB radiation, but the products containing microfine titanium dioxide showed significantly higher protection against both UVA and blue light than RoC 15+ A + B. Products containing microfine titanium dioxide are likely to offer superior photoprotection in those patients who are abnormally sensitive to long wavelength ultraviolet radiation than products which are currently available on prescription.
111 THE COMBINATION OF GENETIC VARIANTS IN PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES PREDICTS THE RISKS OF DEATH AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA OCCURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH HCV-RELATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: A. Tarhuni, E. Guyot, P. Rufat, A. Sutton, N. Charnaux, N. Ganne-Carrié, J.-C. Trinchet, R. Moreau, A. Mansouri, P. Nahon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A critical review of studies of the association between demands for hospital services and air pollution.
Authors: F W Lipfert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Studies of the associations between air pollution and hospital admissions and emergency room use are reviewed, including studies of air pollution episodes, time-series analyses, and cross-sectional analyses. These studies encompass a variety of methods of analysis and levels of air quality. Findings from all three types of studies were generally consistent in that almost all of the studies reviewed found statistically significant associations between hospital use and air pollution; this unanimity may have resulted in part from publication bias. These associations were characterized by elasticities of the order of 0.20; i.e., a 100% change in air pollution was associated with a change in hospital use of about 20%, for specific diagnoses. Respiratory diagnoses were emphasized by most studies; cardiac diagnoses were included in five of them. The air pollutants most often associated with changes in hospital use were particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and oxidants. Apart from the major air pollution episodes, there was no obvious link between air pollution level and the significance or magnitudes of the associations. Long-term indicators of hospitalization appeared to also be influenced by medical care supply factors, including the numbers of beds and physicians per capita. These nonpathological causal factors could also have influenced the findings of the time-series studies by introducing extraneous factors in the patterns of admissions. Although consistent associations have been shown between hospital use and air pollution, further research is required to distinguish among potentially responsible pollutants and to deduce specific dose-response relationships of general utility.
No association of G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 5 or β‐adrenergic receptor polymorphisms with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a large Australian cohort
Authors: Gemma A. Figtree, Richard D. Bagnall, Irfan Abdulla, Stefan Buchholz, Keyvan Karimi Galougahi, Warren Yan, Timothy Tan, Chris Neil, John D. Horowitz, Chris Semsarian, Michael R. Ward
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Idiopathic Pleural Effusion
Authors: Edward A. Gaensler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The breadth of diagnostic possibilities with pleural effusion is well known. The reported prevalence of various causes in recent series has varied greatly, depending to some extent upon the interests of the observer and influenced in large part by the type of reporting institution. Always, a percentage of patients are left with a diagnosis of "idiopathic pleural effusion." Today, there appears to be agreement that the use of this term should be abandoned. It has been said that the term "... idiopathic pleural effusion... is idiotic from the standpoint of the physician and pathetic from that of the patient."1 Tuberculosis . . .
Lupus anticoagulant: An analysis of the clinical and laboratory features of 219 cases
Authors: Dennis A. Gastineau, Francis J. Kazmier, William L. Nichols, E. J. Walter Bowie
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract To define clinical and laboratory characteristics of the lupus anticoagulant (LA), we reviewed our experience (219 subjects). Subjects were divided into group A, those with the LA and the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus, group B, those with the LA but nonlupus diagnoses, and group C, those with drug‐related lupus syndromes. The typical laboratory findings consisted of a prolonged and inhibited plasma clot time (an average of 1.9 times control time) which was proportionately more prolonged than the partial thromboplastin time or activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (average 1.3 times control). Ninety‐eight percent had a prolonged plasma clot time and 94% had a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. The prothrombin and thrombin times were prolonged in 33 and 25% of subjects, respectively. Washed platelets shortened the APTT in the 22 subjects so tested. Monoclonal protein peaks were seen in 7% of patients. Seventeen episodes of bleeding were observed, but in all but one instance there was another hemostatic defect present. In the 18 patients who underwent major operations, there were no hemorrhagic complications. Fifty‐eight episodes of thrombosis were observed with the same incidence in group A (25%) as in group B (26%). Bleeding is rare with the LA but thrombosis is common even without SLE and lupuslike syndromes. The plasma clot time in platelet‐rich plasma is more prolonged, and in our experience, is more sensitive in detecting the lupus anticoagulant than is the partial thromboplastin time.
Hyperparathyroidism With a Prolonged Period of Normocalcemia
Authors: Robert D. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Hyperparathyroidism was proved in a patient who had intermittent hypercalcemia, with one period of normocalcemia which lasted for 12 months. We are in general agreement with others that parathyroid exploration should not be carried out in patients with normocalcemia, but the demonstration of a single or occasional elevation of serum calcium level may be very significant and should commit the physician to careful and prolonged observation of such patients. Evidence suggests that the blood level of parathyroid hormone was elevated even when the serum calcium concentration was normal.
National Utilization of Cadaver Kidneys for Transplantation
Authors: Gerhard Opelz
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Through a national collaborative effort, a transplant communications network has been operational for the past four years. A total of 5,077 prospective transplant recipients from 94 centers has been listed. A total of 455 kidneys has been shared between cities. The rapid increase in the number of prospective cadaver recipients has resulted in an increase in the average waiting time for suitable transplant candidates. Since more than half of the patients currently in the pool are at high risk because they are presensitized, an active national kidney sharing program is essential. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1260-1265, 1974)
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF FENOFIBRATE 160 MG IN COMBINATION WITH PRAVASTATIN 40 MG IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND WITHOUT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Michel Farnier, Armin Steinmetz, Kjetil Retterstol, Miroslaw Dluzniewski, Albert Csazar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
"Psychedelic" Effects Produced by Sensory Overload
Authors: ARNOLD M. LUDWIG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Despite the volume of research on sensory deprivation, little work has been done on sensory overload. The author reports the preliminary results of a study indicating that approximately 24 percent of 46 normal subjects exposed to sensory overload (consisting of increased light and sound stimulation) reported a variety of subjective "psychedelic" effects. These effects pertained to perceptual distortions, disturbances in sense of time, "otherworldly" feelings, feelings of loss of control, somatic effects, and diminished reality testing.
SELECTIVE INTERNAL RADIATION THERAPY (SIRT) WITH Y-90 MICROSPHERES: UCONN CONTINUING EXPERIENCE
Authors: C L Vetter, R E Weiner, J E Foster, M Arici, R U Shaikh, A Sinesterra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
The concept of coregulation between neurobehavioral subsystems: The logic interplay between excitatory and inhibitory ends
Authors: Sari Goldstein Ferber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Neuroconstructivism, Vol. 1: How the Brain Constructs Cognition implies that brain functioning depends on biofeedback and ecological trajectories. Using the building blocks of Boolean algebra known as logic gates and models of distributed control systems, I suggest that levels of regulatory states are responsible for optimal, pathological, and developmental processes. I include the impact of regulatory and nonregulatory functions on structural development.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Joseph F. Quinn, Rema Raman, Ronald G. Thomas, Karin Yurko-Mauro, Edward B. Nelson, Christopher Van Dyck, James E. Galvin, Jennifer Emond, Clifford R. Jack, Michael Weiner, Lynne Shinto, Paul S. Aisen
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain. Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of DHA is associated with a reduced incidence of Alzheimer disease. Animal studies demonstrate that oral intake of DHA reduces Alzheimer-like brain pathology.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine if supplementation with DHA slows cognitive and functional decline in individuals with Alzheimer disease.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DHA supplementation in individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (Mini-Mental State Examination scores, 14-26) was conducted between November 2007 and May 2009 at 51 US clinical research sites of the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study.<h3>Intervention</h3>Participants were randomly assigned to algal DHA at a dose of 2 g/d or to identical placebo (60% were assigned to DHA and 40% were assigned to placebo). Duration of treatment was 18 months.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Change in the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) and change in the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) sum of boxes. Rate of brain atrophy was also determined by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging in a subsample of participants (n = 102).<h3>Results</h3>A total of 402 individuals were randomized and a total of 295 participants completed the trial while taking study medication (DHA: 171; placebo: 124). Supplementation with DHA had no beneficial effect on rate of change on ADAS-cog score, which increased by a mean of 7.98 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.51-9.45 points) for the DHA group during 18 months vs 8.27 points (95% CI, 6.72-9.82 points) for the placebo group (linear mixed-effects model: P = .41). The CDR sum of boxes score increased by 2.87 points (95% CI, 2.44-3.30 points) for the DHA group during 18 months compared with 2.93 points (95% CI, 2.44-3.42 points) for the placebo group (linear mixed-effects model: P = .68). In the subpopulation of participants (DHA: 53; placebo: 49), the rate of brain atrophy was not affected by treatment with DHA. Individuals in the DHA group had a mean decline in total brain volume of 24.7 cm<sup>3</sup> (95% CI, 21.4-28.0 cm<sup>3</sup>) during 18 months and a 1.32% (95% CI, 1.14%-1.50%) volume decline per year compared with 24.0 cm<sup>3</sup> (95% CI, 20-28 cm<sup>3</sup>) for the placebo group during 18 months and a 1.29% (95% CI, 1.07%-1.51%) volume decline per year (P = .79).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Supplementation with DHA compared with placebo did not slow the rate of cognitive and functional decline in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00440050
Long-term bone tissue reaction to polyethylene oxide/polybutylene terephthalate copolymer (Polyactive®) in metacarpophalangeal joint reconstruction
Authors: Eero Waris, Nureddin Ashammakhi, Mauri Lehtimäki, Riitta-Mari Tulamo, Pertti Törmälä, Minna Kellomäki, Yrjö T. Konttinen
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Hyperkalemia and Renal Tubular Acidosis Due to Renal Amyloidosis
Authors: ROBERT G. LUKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A 46-year-old white man presented with renal amyloidosis, secondary to chronic osteomyelitis of leg and associated with renal tubular acidosis and severely impaired renal potassium excretion. Inulin clearance was 25 ml/min; creatinine clearance, 29 ml/min; and potassium clearance, 3.5 ml/min. Hyperkalemia was common despite a low potassium intake and correction of acidosis. Total body potassium was high at 55 mEq/kg body weight. There was no evidence of adrenal insufficiency, and potassium clearance was unaffected by hyperkalemia, increased sodium intake, sodium bicarbonate loading, increased urinary flow rates, or by a thiazide diuretic; administration of a very large dose of mineralocorticoid was associated with a slight increase in potassium clearance. There was no evidence of a proximal tubule defect, and the patient could concentrate urine above the osmolality of plasma. The patient was followed for 18 months, and over that period no change in glomerular or tubular function was detected. In addition to typical deposition of amyloid in the glomeruli, renal biopsy showed marked peritubular amyloid in the cortex and medulla. It is postulated that this interfered with sodium-potassium and sodium-hydrion exchange in the distal nephron, resulting in hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis.
Crosstalk between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Intestinal Epithelial HIF Augments Tissue Barrier Function
Authors: Caleb J. Kelly, Leon Zheng, Eric L. Campbell, Bejan Saeedi, Carsten C. Scholz, Amanda J. Bayless, Kelly E. Wilson, Louise E. Glover, Douglas J. Kominsky, Aaron Magnuson, Tiffany L. Weir, Stefan F. Ehrentraut, Christina Pickel, Kristine A. Kuhn, Jordi M. Lanis, Vu Nguyen, Cormac T. Taylor, Sean P. Colgan
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
Control of Proximal Bicarbonate Reabsorption in Normal and Acidotic Rats
Authors: Martin G. Cogan, David A. Maddox, Marjory S. Lucci, Floyd C. Rector, Monika R. Mueller, Kenneth R. Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

This free-flow micropuncture study examined the dependence of bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat superficial proximal convoluted tubule to changes in filtered bicarbonate load, and thereby the contribution of the proximal tubule to the whole kidney's response to such changes. The independent effects of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expansion and of acidosis on proximal bicarbonate reabsorption were also examined.
Leveraging Cancer Genome Information in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Raajit Rampal, Ross L. Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

The use of candidate gene and genome-wide discovery studies in the last several years has led to an expansion of our knowledge of the spectrum of recurrent, somatic disease alleles, which contribute to the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. Notably, these studies have also begun to fundamentally change our ability to develop informative prognostic schema that inform outcome and therapeutic response, yielding substantive insights into mechanisms of hematopoietic transformation in different tissue compartments. Although these studies have already had important biologic and translational impact, significant challenges remain in systematically applying these findings to clinical decision making and in implementing new technologies for genetic analysis into clinical practice to inform real-time decision making. Here, we review recent major genetic advances in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, the impact of these findings on prognostic models, our understanding of disease initiation and evolution, and the implication of genomic discoveries on clinical decision making. Finally, we discuss general concepts in genetic modeling and the current state-of-the-art technology used in genetic investigation.
Tuberculin Conversion in Indochinese Refugees-Reply
Authors: Dale L. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Ms Bickel's remarks concerning problems with a batch of Aplisol are appreciated and deserve comment. We fully share her concern about the faulty Aplisol with its attendant potential for misdiagnoses and unnecessary treatment. Her concern gives us an opportunity to elaborate further on a substantial problem that has not been adequately reported in the scientific literature.  The Aplisol problem first surfaced in 1982 when the CDC received reports from medical providers of increased rates of false-positive tuberculin reactions with certain lots of Aplisol used for Mantoux PPD skin tests. We investigated several clusters of false-positive tuberculin reactions associated with some lots of Aplisol and reported both our own and the CDC's findings in the August and October editions of the New York State Department of Health's Disease Control Bulletin . 1,2 In one specific investigation of a cluster of ten Aplisol PPD conversions, no evidence of a tuberculosis source