tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PULMONARY SUPPURATION
Authors: STUART W. HARRINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The pyogenic infections of the parenchyma of the lung and the bronchi usually are grouped under the general term pulmonary suppuration. Various subdivisions of the diseases included under this term are made in an attempt to classify them according to their etiology, bacteriology, duration and situation. From a pathologic-anatomic standpoint they may be considered in two groups: that in which the disease is localized in the parenchyma of the lung, resulting in the formation of lung abscess, and that in which the bronchi are the more extensively involved, terminating in bronchiectasis. It is difficult to draw a sharp line of demarcation between abscess of the lung and bronchiectasis by a consideration of the anatomic structure involved, as it is rare for either condition to exist as a distinct uncomplicated entity. In practically every case of abscess of the lung there is a certain amount of bronchial involvement, and in nearly
KING'S COLLEGE HOSPITAL. EXCISION OF THE KNEE-JOINT IN A MAN AGED THIRTY-FOUR, WHO HAD HAD A STIFF KNEE SINCE THE AGE OF SIXTEEN, FOLLOWED LATELY BY DESTRUCTION OF THE CARTILAGES AND DISEASE OF THE BONES; PATELLA PARTLY RETAINED; THE PATIENT WALKING SIX WEEKS AFTER THE OPERATION
Authors: None FERGUSSON
Journal: The Lancet (1857)
Consumption of unpasteurized milk and its effects on atopy and asthma in children and adult inhabitants in rural Poland
Authors: B. Sozańska, N. Pearce, K. Dudek, P. Cullinan
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk has been identified as a possible protective factor for atopy and asthma. Most studies have been conducted among children and in farming populations. We investigated the effects of consumption of unpasteurized milk in early life on atopy, asthma, and rhinitis in village and town inhabitants in a region of Poland and assessed whether any protective effects of milk consumption differed according to place of residence and farming status. Methods We surveyed the inhabitants (aged &gt;5 years) of a small town and seven nearby villages in southwest Poland ( n = 1700, response rate 88%). Participants (or their parents for those &lt;16 years of age) completed a questionnaire on farm exposures and symptoms of asthma and rhinitis. In particular, information was collected on unpasteurized milk consumption in early life. Atopy was assessed using skin prick tests. Results Consumption of unpasteurized milk in the first year of life was inversely associated with atopy and asthma both among town and village inhabitants – town: adjusted odds ratio ( aOR ) for atopy 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.52] asthma 0.51 (0.32–0.74); villages: atopy 0.59 (0.44–0.70) and asthma 0.59 (0.42–0.74). For atopy, the protective effect was more clearly seen among nonfarmers (0.42; 0.34–0.46) than in farmers (0.82; 0.54–1.11). For doctor‐diagnosed hay fever and current rhinitis symptoms, the protective effect was only observed among town inhabitants and/or nonfarmers. Conclusions Early‐life exposure to unpasteurized milk may protect against atopy, asthma, and related conditions, independently of place of residence and farming status, and in both children and adults.
Recalcitrant acne vulgaris. Clinical, biochemical and microbiological investigation of patients not responding to antibiotic treatment
Authors: E.ANNE EADY, J.H. COVE, J. BLAKE, K.T. HOLLAND, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

A small, but clinically significant proportion of acne patients fail to respond adequately to antibiotic therapy. All non‐responding acne patients attending the Leeds General Infirmary between September 1985 and April 1986 (49 out of a total of 610 patients; 8%) were investigated with respect to changes in their acne grade, microbial flora and sebum excretion rate. They were compared with 22 age and sex matched untreated control subjects. It was found that in 65% of non‐responding patients there was no microbiological abnormality, in 16% there was evidence of Gram‐negative folliculitis and 20% carried predominantly antibiotic resistant propionibac teria compared with only 5% of untreated controls. There was a significant association between erythromycin therapy and the isolation of erythromycin resistant propionibacteria (P < 0·001). A causal link, however, has yet to be established between carriage of antibiotic resistant propionibacteria and failure to respond to antibiotic therapy. Our results show that for most patients with recalcitrant acne a non‐microbiological explanation must be sought for the lack of therapeutic success. The mean sebum excretion rate (SER) of the non‐responding patients was significantly higher than that of matched untreated acne patients (P < 0·001). A majority of non responders (69%) had an SER above the upper 95% confidence limit of the control mean. The SER may affect treatment efficacy by influencing the antibiotic concentration within the pilosebaceous ducts.
A SIMPLE, YET EFFICIENT, SALVARSAN APPARATUS
Authors: B. N. Wade
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In view of the different types of salvarsan outfits in use, it is with some hesitancy that I describe this one. Yet, as I have used it with satisfaction in my office during the past two years. I believe it then added, and the rubber cork connecting the pump is strapped in the mouth of the flask with adhesive strips. This prevents the cork from blowing out when pressure is increased within the flask. The solution is kept from flowing out of the tubing by the clamping of the latter with an artery forceps. The salvarsan is then given intravenously in the usual way. Pressure can be added and the solution can be given either slowly or rapidly, according to the wish of the operator. The escape valve on the pump allows the pressure to be diminished when this is desired.
Correction of Shunt from Right Conal Coronary Artery to Pulmonary Trunk with Relief of Symptoms
Authors: GERALD B. LEE, FREDARICK L. GOBEL, C. WALTON LILLEHEI, WALTER S. NEFF, ROBERT S. ELIOT
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A case of a small right coronary conal branch to pulmonary trunk shunt with surgical correction is reported. The patient, a 45-year-old housewife, had chest pain, labile hypertension, and intermittent left bundle-branch block with normal serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Selective coronary arteriography was necessary to demonstrate the abnormal communication between the conal branch of the right coronary artery and the pulmonary trunk. Symptoms disappeared after surgical correction of the shunt. Transient left bundle-branch block appeared during exercise after surgery, but the patient was improved subjectively and resumed all household chores without difficulty. Shunting of oxygenated blood away from the myocardium thereby decreasing coronary blood flow to a specific area may have been responsible for significant symptomatology.
Large neutral amino acids block phenylalanine transport into brain tissue in patients with phenylketonuria
Authors: Joachim Pietz, Roland Kreis, André Rupp, Ertan Mayatepek, Dietz Rating, Chris Boesch, Hans Joachim Bremer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Large neutral amino acids (LNAAs), including phenylalanine (Phe), compete for transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via the L-type amino acid carrier. Accordingly, elevated plasma Phe impairs brain uptake of other LNAAs in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). Direct effects of elevated brain Phe and depleted LNAAs are probably major causes for disturbed brain development and function in PKU. Competition for the carrier might conversely be put to use to lower Phe influx when the plasma concentrations of all other LNAAs are increased. This hypothesis was tested by measuring brain Phe in patients with PKU by quantitative 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy during an oral Phe challenge with and without additional supplementation with all other LNAAs. Baseline plasma Phe was approximately 1,000 micromol/l and brain Phe was approximately 250 micromol/l in both series. Without LNAA supplementation, brain Phe increased to approximately 400 micromol/l after the oral Phe load. Electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis revealed acutely disturbed brain activity. With concurrent LNAA supplementation, Phe influx was completely blocked and there was no slowing of EEG activity. These results are relevant for further characterization of the LNAA carrier and of the pathophysiology underlying brain dysfunction in PKU and for treatment of patients with PKU, as brain function might be improved by continued LNAA supplementation.
REMOVAL OF ADHESIVE PLASTER
Authors: Ambrose Hunsberger
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Relative to detaching adhesive plaster from the skin with a minimum of discomfort to the patient: An adjunct is a liquid which dissolves rubber readily; is not inflammable; is free from noxious or explosive vapors; is not too volatile; does not unduly irritate the skin; is comparatively inexpensive, and is readily obtainable. Surgeons will find that carbon tetrachlorid possesses all of these desirable attributes, and one other which is rather undesirable, namely, a somewhat unpleasant odor which, fortunately, dissipates readily. If the odor is found to be objectionable, it may be mitigated by the addition of methyl salicylate or other inexpensive substances available among the essential oils. The chemical should be obtainable as such in any drug store; but if, perchance, it is not available as carbon tetrachlorid, it may be bought, at a slightly increased price, under one of the many trade names by which a
Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium Isolated in 1947
Authors: JOSEPH E. McDADE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The results of serologic, cultural, and DNA relatedness studies have shown that the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium and an unclassified agent isolated in 1947 are the same species. Both organisms grew on charcoal-yeast extract agar, enriched Mueller-Hinton agar, and F-G agar, but neither grew on blood agar, trypticase soy agar, or in thioglycollate broth. Both agents reacted with convalescent sera from patients with Legionnaires' disease and convalescent sera from guinea pigs infected experimentally with the LD bacterium. The percentage of guanine plus cytosine in DNA preparations from each organism was ascertained by thermal denaturation to be 39%. In DNA hybridization reactions the 1947 isolate showed the same degree of relatedness to Philadelphia 1 strain of the LD bacterium as did three recent isolates of the bacterium. The LD bacterium was also shown to be antigenically related to another unclassified organism isolated in 1959.
Short contact dithranol therapy: advantages of a stiff emulsifying ointment base
Authors: G.B. WALKER, P.V. HARRISON, R.H. SEVILLE, J.F. SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In a single blind trial, 16 in-patients with psoriasis were treated with short contact dithranol in stiff Lassar's paste and in a stiff emulsifying ointment base of equivalent stiffness. The preparations were equally effective in clearing psoriasis and well tolerated. Perilesional treatment burns, reported with soft ointments, were not seen with the stiff emulsifying ointment preparation. Furthermore, unlike the paste, excess stiff emulsifying ointment can be removed by simply wiping with a moistened cloth, thus greatly facilitating home management of psoriasis.
Prospective Study of Calcium Channel Blocker Use, Cardiovascular Disease, and Total Mortality Among Hypertensive Women
Authors: Karin B. Michels, Bernard A. Rosner, JoAnn E. Manson, Meir J. Stampfer, Alexander M. Walker, Walter C. Willett, Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —In several observational studies, patients prescribed calcium channel blockers had higher risks of cardiovascular diseases and mortality than those prescribed other antihypertensive medications. We explored these associations in the Nurses’ Health Study. Methods and Results —A total of 14 617 women who reported hypertension and regular use of diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, or a combination in 1988 were included in the analyses. Cardiovascular events and deaths were ascertained through May 1, 1994. We documented 234 cases of myocardial infarction. Calcium channel blocker monodrug users had an age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of myocardial infarction of 2.36 (95% CI, 1.43 to 3.91) compared with those prescribed thiazide diuretics. Women prescribed calcium channel blockers had a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease. After adjustment for these and other coronary risk factors, the RR was 1.64 (95% CI, 0.97 to 2.77). Comparing the use of any calcium channel blocker (monodrug and multidrug users) with that of any other antihypertensive agent, the adjusted RR was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.01). An association between calcium channel blocker use and myocardial infarction was apparent among women who had ever smoked cigarettes (covariate-adjusted RR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.72) but not among never-smokers (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.84). Conclusions —In analyses adjusted only for age, we found a significant elevation in RR of total myocardial infarction among women who used calcium channel blockers compared with those who did not. After adjustment for comorbidity and other covariates, the RR was reduced. Whether the remaining observed elevated risk is real, or a result of residual confounding by indication, or chance, or a combination of the above cannot be evaluated with certainty on the basis of these observational data.
Dutch doctors face fine for prescribing pregnancy hormone as dieting aid
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors in the Netherlands are facing prosecution if they prescribe a hormone that is produced during pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin, as an aid to dieting.

The action is part of a crackdown by Dutch health inspectors against the “use, application, or recommendation” of the hormone as an appetite suppressant amid claims that thousands of such treatments are sold each year through beauty clinics and the internet.

The hormone is prescribed legally (marketed as Pregnyl) to promote fertility in women. However, a dieting treatment known as Simeons’ therapy involves daily injections of the hormone. Pregnyl is not registered for use in dieting, …
Study confirms passive smoking increases coronary heart disease
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A combined meta-analysis of 18 studies dealing with the possible dangers of passive smoking has concluded that smoke from another person's cigarette can increase a non-smoker's risk of heart disease by 25

The increase is “small,” authors of the analysis said, but they warned that, because of the widespread use of cigarettes, “the public health consequences of passive smoking with regard to coronary heart …
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Interferon Alfa-2b in Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Howard Ozer, Harvey M Golomb, Harvey Zimmerman, Robert J. Spiegel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Cost-Benefit Analysis of Interferon Alfa-2b in Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia Get access Howard Ozer, Howard Ozer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harvey M Golomb, Harvey M Golomb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harvey Zimmerman, Harvey Zimmerman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert J. Spiegel Robert J. Spiegel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 8, 19 April 1989, Pages 594–602, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.8.594 Published: 19 April 1989 Article history Received: 01 August 1988 Revision received: 09 January 1989 Accepted: 10 January 1989 Published: 19 April 1989
Abstract PR2: Optimization and applications of a tissue slice culture model of the normal and malignant human prostate
Authors: Sophia Lisette Maund, Rosalie Nolley, Donna Peehl
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Current in vitro and in vivo models for prostate cancer do not accurately recapitulate many critical aspects of prostate cancer biology. In vitro cell culture systems lack tissue architecture, complex cellular interactions, and the prostate microenvironment. Neither xenograft nor transgenic models generate authentic prostate pathobiology, and genetic and molecular fidelity is often a concern both in vitro and in vivo. Ex vivo organotypic culture systems have been used as valuable research models for several tissue types. Our lab has recently established a tissue slice graft model for prostate cancer in vivo using precision-cut 300 micron slices of radical prostatectomy tissue implanted under the mouse renal capsule. We have also developed a complimentary in vitro tissue slice culture (TSC) model that we have used for a variety of studies, including evaluation of the DNA damage response in normal cell types of the prostate. The main challenges for normal prostate TSC are maintaining luminal cell integrity beyond 48 hours and preventing hyperproliferation of basal cells. Less is known about the maintenance of cancer in TSCs. We have compared several culture conditions and can maintain normal prostate structure and function up to 4 days using PFMR-4A media supplemented with cholera toxin, epidermal growth factor, bovine pituitary extract, phosphoethanolamine, hydrocortisone, selenium, gentamycin, retinoic acid, insulin, vitamin E, and androgen R1881. Dose-response and time-course experiments revealed that the optimal concentration of R1881 for luminal cell integrity is 50nM. We verified expression of luminal and basal cell-specific markers by immunofluorescence of frozen sections, and we observed secretion of PSA by ELISA. In addition, confocal microscopy is a useful technology for visualizing the 3-dimensional architecture of TSCs. With robust survival of TSCs up to 4 days in vitro, we have a wide range of ongoing and future experimental directions including drug delivery and cell targeting, invasion and migration studies, and metabolic and molecular profiling. Furthermore, we are poised for collaboration with those who want to test their experimental methods in an intact prostate cancer model in vitro. The prostate TSC model is undoubtedly more authentic than current in vitro models, and we are optimizing its utility with the goal of executing more realistic pre-clinical studies. This abstract is also presented as Poster A69. Citation Format: Sophia Lisette Maund, Rosalie Nolley, Donna Peehl. Optimization and applications of a tissue slice culture model of the normal and malignant human prostate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PR2.
Validation of preclinical multiparametric imaging for prediction of necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after embolization
Authors: Rickmer Braren, Jennifer Altomonte, Marcus Settles, Frauke Neff, Irene Esposito, Oliver Ebert, Markus Schwaiger, Ernst Rummeny, Andreas Steingoetter
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Ready or Not: Personal Tumor Profiling Tests Take Off
Authors: K. Garber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

One vital goal of cancer research is a test that profiles individual tumors at the molecular level in order to guide treatment. Some single-marker predictive tests are now standard, as are two well-validated genomic prognostic tests for breast cancer. But for most tumors, such personalized tests are still viewed as futuristic. At a recent cancer molecular diagnostics conference, many genomic test methods were presented, all of them strictly experimental. But since 2008, unknown to most oncologists and their patients, three companies have introduced commercial tests that provide genomic profi les of individual patients ’ tumors. Along with the profi les, the companies include a list of drugs whose effi cacy has been associated, on some level,
CHANGE IN ULTRASONIC TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS OF CAROTID ARTERY PLAQUE REFLECTS THAT OF CORONARY ARTERY PLAQUE
Authors: Mika Bando, Hirotsugu Yamada, Toshiyuki Niki, Susumu Nishio, Rina Tamai, Junko Hotchi, Yoshio Taketani, Takeshi Soeki, Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Masataka Sata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Determination of the molecular basis of Marfan syndrome: a growth industry
Authors: Peter H. Byers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Although it has been known for more than a decade that Marfan syndrome - a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by tall stature, arachnodactyly, lens subluxation, and a high risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection - results from mutations in the FBN1 gene, which encodes fibrillin-1, the precise mechanism by which the pleiotropic phenotype is produced has been unclear. A report in this issue now proposes that loss of fibrillin-1 protein by any of several mechanisms and the subsequent effect on the pool of TGF-beta may be more relevant in the development of Marfan syndrome than mechanisms previously proposed in a dominant-negative disease model. The model proposed in this issue demonstrates several strategies for clinical intervention.
Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Eleni Anastasiou, John P Lekakis, Maria Alevizaki, Christos M Papamichael, John Megas, Athanasios Souvatzoglou, Stamatios F Stamatelopoulos
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To assess whether otherwise healthy women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may have abnormalities in endothelial function at a very early stage, before glucose intolerance occurs.A total of 33 women with previous GDM (17 nonobese [BMI < 27] and 16 obese [BMI > or = 27]) and 19 healthy nonobese women were examined. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and insulin levels and biochemical parameters were also measured. Using high-resolution ultrasound, we measured vasodilatory responses of the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia (endothelium-dependent vasodilatation), and after nitroglycerin administration, an endothelium-independent vasodilator.Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was significantly and equally decreased in both groups of women with previous GDM, compared with control subjects (1.6 +/- 3.7% in the nonobese GDM group and 1.6 +/- 2.5% in the obese GDM group vs. 10.3 +/- 4.4% in control subjects, P < 0.001). FMD correlated inversely with serum uric acid levels, BMI, serum total cholesterol, and basal insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment). Nitrate-induced dilatation was significantly decreased only in the obese GDM group compared with control subjects, (21.4 +/- 5.1 vs. 27.9 +/- 9.5, P < 0.05).Endothelial dysfunction, which is considered as a very early index of atherogenesis, is already present in both obese and nonobese women with a history of GDM, even when they have normal glucose tolerance.
Analysis of the Cyclin D1/p16/pRb Pathway in Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Eva Cristóbal, Begoña Arribas, Juan Tardío, José A. Alcázar, Juan C. Martínez-Montero, Rafael Carrión, José R. Polo, Laura Gil, Marta Azañedo, José M. Rojas, Javier Menárguez
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2000)