tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PREPARED AND PREDIGESTED FOODS.
Authors: GRAHAM LUSK
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Economists tell us that in the struggle for existence a quarter of the income of a civilized family is paid out for lodging, a quarter for clothing and a half for food. The savage, who requires neither clothes nor modern lodging, expends his economic force in the capture of game and the raising of corn. In view of the physical well-being of savage races and of ignorant peoples throughout the world, it must at once be apparent that the normal instinct of appetite is a faithful guide for the nutritive requirement of mankind. There will be no escape from the judgment, "By the sweat of thy brow shalt thou eat bread," until some one realizing the dream of Berthelot shall perfect a cheap process for the manufacture of veritable ambrosia from sawdust. Emil Fischer has been pictured in a cartoon as the master of a food factory located at a
Sagittal T2 weighted magnetic resonance image of the cervical spine
Authors: L. M. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Summary  (with Ariel Novoplansky) - This lecture examines how plants perceive and respond to other plants, how plant–plant interactions affect the growth and productivity of individual plants and the broader effects on plant communities. Plant–plant interactions can be competitive, such as competition for light and nutrients, but facilitation also occurs in plant communities. This lecture addresses the emerging understanding of the signals and cues that underpin plant–plant interactions, as well as how plants respond to those cues. Applications of this knowledge include mitigating the effects of invasive plants, and improving crop plant productivity by harnessing the power of plants to work with each other, and limiting their tendencies to act against each other.
Don't forget HASBLED score
Authors: S. B. L. Claridge, G. S. Kanaganayagam, T. Kotecha
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Anticoagulation in atrial fibrilllation is a key priority.1 As junior doctors working in both general medicine and cardiology, we have found the CHA2DS2-VASc system no more onerous than its predecessor, CHADS2. The scoring system and the new guidelines also help in what …
Enzymatic Aspects of Nephron Function.
Authors: Hermann Mattenheimer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Enzymatic Aspects of Nephron Function.Hermann Mattenheimer, M.D.Hermann Mattenheimer, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1051_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhile micropuncture of the nephron cannot be done in man, studies in other species have indicated the sites of tubular excretion and reabsorption of various substances as reported by other authors. Enzymes in the tubular cells are catalysts in many of the mechanisms underlying the physiological processes of reabsorption from and secretion into the tubular fluid.The introduction of the percutaneous renal biopsy technique made tissue from human (as well as animal) organs not only available for histological investigation but also accessible for biochemical studies. Methods have been developed in our laboratory to determine quantitatively the biochemical anatomy of the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Hermann Mattenheimer, M.D.Affiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1051-1052KeywordsBiopsyEnzymesExcretionNephronsResearch laboratoriesTubular cells ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Physicians and Disaster Preparedness-Reply
Authors: Ernesto A. Pretto
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —Our article was not a study in itself but a review of disaster medicine research with recommendations based on this review for an improved US NDMS. These may also lead to improvements in everyday, communitywide EMS.  Dr Mason writes about us ignoring the current plans for NDMS. These may be secret since the published plans are civil defense and not EMS oriented. He talks about triage, which we feel should be part of every disaster medical response, with physicians selecting the appropriate level of care with available resources. Our main concerns with the present unwieldy NDMS are the prolonged response times, the large teams of nontraumatologists, and the lack of citizen involvement. Mason's comments fail to address the failure of all public agencies over the past 30 years to institute a nationwide citizen, life-supporting, first-aid-training program. This is the first link in the EMS life-support chain and
Ultrasonography-Guided Bilateral Rectus Sheath Block vs Local Anesthetic Infiltration After Pediatric Umbilical Hernia Repair
Authors: R. Scott Dingeman, Lindsay M. Barus, Hyun Kee Chung, David J. Clendenin, Christopher S. Lee, Sarah Tracy, Victor M. Johnson, Kate V. Dennett, David Zurakowski, Catherine Chen
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Regional anesthetic techniques can be used to alleviate postoperative pain in children undergoing pediatric surgical procedures. Use of ultrasonographic guidance for bilateral rectus sheath block (BRSB) has been shown to improve immediate pain scores and reduce use of postoperative analgesia in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). <h3>Objective</h3> To compare efficacy of ultrasonography-guided BRSB and local anesthetic infiltration (LAI) in providing postoperative analgesia after pediatric umbilical hernia repair. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective, observer-blinded, randomized clinical trial. <h3>Setting</h3> Tertiary-referral urban children's hospital. <h3>Participants</h3> Eligible children 3 to 12 years of age undergoing elective umbilical hernia repair from November 16, 2009, through May 31, 2011. <h3>Interventions</h3> Ropivacaine hydrochloride administered at the conclusion of surgery as LAI by the surgeon (n = 25) or as ultrasonography-guided BRSB by the anesthesiologist (n = 27). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Scores on the FACES Pain Rating Scale measured at 10-minute intervals and all use of analgesic medications in the PACU. <h3>Results</h3> Median FACES scores in the PACU were lower in the BRSB group compared with the LAI group at 10 minutes (0 vs 1;<i>P</i> = .04), 30 minutes (0 vs 1;<i>P</i> = .01), and 40 minutes or later (0 vs 1;<i>P</i> = .03). Fewer doses of opioid and nonopioid medications were given to the BRSB group compared with the LAI group (5 vs 11 doses for opioids; 5 vs 10 for nonopioids). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In the PACU, ultrasonography-guided BRSB after umbilical hernia repair in children is associated with lower median FACES scores and decreased use of opioid and nonopioid medications compared with LAI. Future studies could examine the use of longer-acting anesthetic agents with ultrasonography-guided BRSB. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01015053
Protein modification by thermal processing
Authors: P. J. Davis, S. C. Williams
Journal: Allergy (1998)

This paper is a review concerning the way in which heat treatment can modify the allergenicity of food proteins. Any food protein may be allergenic if it can be absorbed intact, or as substantial fragments, through the gut mucosa and then evoke an immune (allergic) response. The intrinsic properties of the protein, the overall composition of the food, and the past processing history (especially thermal processing) all have an effect on the allergic potential. When a protein is denatured by heat, most of the original tertiary structure is lost, so that many of the sites recognized by antibodies on the native molecule are destroyed. There are many examples of allergenicity being reduced, but not eliminated, by heating. But heat‐denatured proteins can also present new antigenic sites, uncovered by the unfolding process or created by new chemical reactions with other molecules present in the food (e.g., β‐lactoglobulin associating with a‐lactalbumin in milk). We have found that heat‐denatured β‐lactoglobulin has at least one new epitope, not found in the native state. Therefore, thermal processing can be part of a procedure for making hypoallergenic food, but will rarely be sufficient on its own. Increased understanding will help in evaluating novel proteins and processes.
CEACAM1+ myeloid cells control angiogenesis in inflammation
Authors: Andrea K. Horst, Thomas Bickert, Nancy Brewig, Peter Ludewig, Nico van Rooijen, Udo Schumacher, Nicole Beauchemin, Wulf D. Ito, Bernhard Fleischer, Christoph Wagener, Uwe Ritter
Journal: Blood (2009)
Deubiquitination of γ-Tubulin by BAP1 Prevents Chromosome Instability in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Reihaneh Zarrizi, Julien Albert Menard, Mattias Belting, Ramin Massoumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Microtubule nucleation requires the γ-tubulin ring complex, and during the M-phase (mitosis) this complex accumulates at the centrosome to support mitotic spindle formation. The posttranslational modification of γ-tubulin through ubiquitination is vital for regulating microtubule nucleation and centrosome duplication. Blocking the BRCA1/BARD1-dependent ubiquitination of γ-tubulin causes centrosome amplification. In the current study, we identified BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) as a deubiquitination enzyme for γ-tubulin. BAP1 was downregulated in metastatic adenocarcinoma breast cell lines compared with noncancerous human breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, low expression of BAP1 was associated with reduced overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Reduced expression of BAP1 in breast cancer cell lines was associated with mitotic abnormalities. Importantly, rescue experiments including expression of full length but not the catalytic mutant of BAP1 reduced ubiquitination of γ-tubulin and prevented mitotic defects. Our study uncovers a new mechanism for BAP1 involved in deubiquitination of γ-tubulin, which is required to prevent abnormal mitotic spindle formation and genome instability. Cancer Res; 74(22); 6499–508. ©2014 AACR.
PMO-072 A 1 year two phase prospective project looking at nutritional risk in reactive vs elective nasogastric enteral feeding in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radical (chemo)radiotherapy: Abstract PMO-072 Table 1
Authors: C H Sheth, S Sharp, C Baughan, E Walters
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pre 2009 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients requiring enteral tube feeding during radical (chemo)radiotherapy at our regional cancer centre were admitted reactively in a nutritional “crisis” and fed via a nasogastric(NG) tube.<sup>1</sup> Audit resulted in a 1-year service improvement grant for a Specialist Dietitian to proactively support HNC patients “from pre-treatment until rehabilitation is complete”.<sup>2</sup> The aim of this 1-year (2009–2010) two-phase prospective project was to reduce nutrition related crisis admissions, malnutrition and refeeding syndrome, thereby reducing length of hospital stay (LOS) from an average of 13 days<sup>1</sup> while aiming to improve patient experience and outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> Phase1 (9 months): All patients with HNC (squamous cell carcinoma) were included. Nutritional status (MUST score), %weight loss and swallow ability was recorded for all patients before, during and after radiotherapy treatment. Patients were admitted reactively with inadequate nutritional intake and/or 5% weight loss. Interim review of phase 1 highlighted that oral cavity, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal carcinomas and unknown primary tumours were at nutritional risk from weeks 2 and 3 of radiotherapy, leading to reactive admissions for NG feeding. Phase 2 (3 months) involved patients with these tumours admitted electively for NG feeding in week 3 radiotherapy. All admitted patients were followed up for 6 months. <h3>Results</h3> Refeeding risk, number of days until nutritionally fit and LOS were all significantly reduced in phase 2 compared to phase 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This data demonstrates that when appropriately funded, a specialist dietetic service working as part of a multidisciplinary team in HNC, by electively admitting high nutritional risk patients for NG feeding, can significantly reduce clinical risk and costs. As a result of clinical benefits and cost savings our Trust made the service improvement funding substantive. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Sheth CH</b>, Sharp S, Walters E. A two year audit of enteral feeding in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy treatment at a UK Cancer Centre. 2011. Article submitted for publication. 2. <b>National Institute for Clinical Excellence</b>. <i>Improving Outcomes for Head &amp; Neck Cancer</i>. London: NICE, 2004.
Regional Differences in Process of Care and Outcomes for Older Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients in the United States and Ontario, Canada
Authors: Dennis T. Ko, Harlan M. Krumholz, Yongfei Wang, JoAnne M. Foody, Fredrick A. Masoudi, Edward P. Havranek, John J. You, David A. Alter, Therese A. Stukel, Alice M. Newman, Jack V. Tu
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Previous comparisons of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treatment between the United States and Canada are limited because they compared selected patients from randomized trials, used administrative data that lacked clinical detail, or did not consider regional differences in AMI treatment.We compared medication use, invasive cardiac procedure use, and 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates of 38,886 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with AMI in the United States and 5634 similarly aged patients in Ontario, Canada, from 1998 and 2001. Baseline characteristics and illness severity across the US regions and Ontario were not substantially different. Cardiac catheterization use in AMI patients was significantly higher in the United States compared with Ontario (38.7% versus 16.8%, P<0.001), but significant regional variations existed, in which the northeastern United States had significantly lower utilization rates (25.6%) compared with other US regions. Beta-blocker use among ideal candidates was highest in the northeastern United States (77.6% versus 69.7% in the United States as a whole, P<0.001) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use was highest in Ontario (69.1% versus 58.2% in the United States, P<0.001). Risk-standardized mortality rates at 30 days were not substantially different across the regions.Previous studies have suggested a clear divergence in invasive cardiac therapy for AMI patients between the United States and Canada on the basis of health care financing and structural differences. Our findings of similar treatment patterns in the northeastern United States and Ontario suggest that regional practices may have a greater impact on treatment patterns than the respective health care delivery systems.
Kenneth Edward Gray
Authors: Adrian Barnes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​ConsultantConsultant physician and cardiologist Barnet General Hospital 1975-2004 (b 1937; q St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1961; MA, FRCP), died on 7 April 2005 while skiing in the Alps.




Figure 1




After junior appointments at Barts, Exeter, Bristol, and the National Heart Hospital, Kenneth Gray was appointed consultant physician and cardiologist at Barnet General Hospital, Hertfordshire, in 1975. Later that year he had a myocardial infarction and coronary artery surgery, making him, at retirement, one of Britain's longest bypass survivors. While recovering he wrote the book Having a Coronary under the pseudonym of Kenneth Edwards, which, 30 years later, is still widely given to infarct patients. An excellent linguist, he was president of the medical staff committee of Le Dispensaire Francais de Londres. He leaves a wife, Rosamund; three children; and two grandchildren.
The novel NF-κB inhibitor IMD-0354 induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: M Kanduri, G Tobin, A Åleskog, K Nilsson, R Rosenquist
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important regulator of cell survival and has been shown to be constitutively active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Recently, a novel NF-κB inhibitor, IMD-0354 (N-(3, 5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzamide), was shown to specifically inhibit the phosphorylation of IκBα by IkB kinases, thus preventing NF-κB release. In this study, we investigated if IMD-0354 can inhibit NF-κB activation and induce apoptosis in CLL cells in vitro. The rate of increase in apoptosis, drug sensitivity and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB were studied using Annexin V stainings, the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. Finally, the impact of IMD-0354 treatment on the expression of a set of apoptosis-related genes was investigated. The results clearly show that IMD-0354 induced apoptosis (mean 26%, range 8-48%) in CLL cells, independent of immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene mutational status, and showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. IMD-0354 treatment also significantly lowered the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in CLL cells. In addition, we identified differences in expression levels of pro- and antiapoptotic genes following IMD-0354 treatment. In summary, our novel findings show that IMD-0354 can induce apoptosis in CLL cells, and thus merits further investigation as an anticancer agent in vivo.
FcγRIII discriminates between 2 subsets of Vγ9Vδ2 effector cells with different responses and activation pathways
Authors: Daniela F. Angelini, Giovanna Borsellino, Mary Poupot, Adamo Diamantini, Rémy Poupot, Giorgio Bernardi, Fabrizio Poccia, Jean-Jacques Fournié, Luca Battistini
Journal: Blood (2004)
Abstract 4504: PF-04449913, a small molecule inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling, is effective in inhibiting tumor growth in preclinical models
Authors: Amy J. Jackson-Fisher, Melissa J. McMahon, Justine Lam, Chunze Li, Lars D. Engstrom, Konstantinos Tsaparikos, David J. Shields, Douglas D. Fang, Maruja E. Lira, Zhou Zhu, Michael D. Robbins, Richard Schwab, Michael J. Munchhof, Todd VanArsdale
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in several human cancers. Mutations in the Patched (PTCH1) gene are responsible for basal cell nevus syndrome, and are commonly found in sporadic basal cell carcinoma and in medulloblastoma. In this study we evaluated PF-04449913, an inhibitor of the Hh signaling pathway, in a Ptch1+/-p53 mouse model of medulloblastoma and in human patient derived xenograft models. Treatment of Ptch1+/-p53+/- or Ptch1+/-p53-/- medulloblastoma allografts with PF-04449913 produced potent dose-dependent inhibition of Hh pathway activity resulting in stable tumor regression. Using Gli1 transcript levels as a surrogate for Hh pathway activity, the pharmacodynamic effects of PF-04449913 were evaluated in medulloblastoma allografts following single dose and multi dose administrations of compound. PF-04449913 treated medulloblastoma allografts had reduced levels of Gli1 gene expression and down regulation of genes linked to the Hh signaling pathway. PF-04449913 was also effective when combined with a chemotherapeutic agent in a colon patient derived xenograft model and a pancreatic patient derived xenograft model, resulting in 63% and 73% tumor growth inhibition respectively. Collectively, our study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of Hh pathway in preclinical models of multiple cancer types in either single or combination treatments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4504. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4504
Cardiac Fusion Imaging With Low-Dose Computed Tomography Using Prospective Electrocardiogram Gating
Authors: Lars Husmann, Ines Valenta, Klaus Weber, Olivier Adda, Patrick Veit-Haibach, Oliver Gaemperli, Philipp A. Kaufmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

In a 66-year-old patient with prolonged episodes of chest pain, catheter angiography revealed total occlusions of the right coronary artery and the distal circumflex artery (CX) as well as 2 sequential significant stenoses in the proximal CX and one significant stenosis in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). To identify the culprit lesions with their respective territory, noninvasive assessment of viability was performed by F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET) and fused with a low-dose computed tomography coronary angiography using prospective electrocardiogram gating. Fused PET/computed tomography coronary angiography images demonstrated a large scar in the inferior myocardium, corresponding to the total occlusion in the right coronary artery, viable myocardium in the territory of the CX, and infarcted scar tissue with partially preserved viability in the anterior myocardium, corresponding to the presumably recanalized lesion in the LAD. The patient was scheduled for revascularization of the lesions in the LAD and the CX to reverse dysfunctional but viable myocardial segments.
Modifying chemotherapy response by targeted inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A
Authors: R Cencic, F Robert, G Galicia-Vázquez, A Malina, K Ravindar, R Somaiah, P Pierre, J Tanaka, P Deslongchamps, J Pelletier
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Translation is regulated predominantly at the initiation phase by several signal transduction pathways that are often usurped in human cancers, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. mTOR exerts unique administration over translation by regulating assembly of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F, a heterotrimeric complex responsible for recruiting 40S ribosomes (and associated factors) to mRNA 5′ cap structures. Hence, there is much interest in targeted therapies that block eIF4F activity to assess the consequences on tumor cell growth and chemotherapy response. We report here that hippuristanol (Hipp), a translation initiation inhibitor that selectively inhibits the eIF4F RNA helicase subunit, eIF4A, resensitizes Eμ-Myc lymphomas to DNA damaging agents, including those that overexpress eIF4E—a modifier of rapamycin responsiveness. As Mcl-1 levels are significantly affected by Hipp, combining its use with the Bcl-2 family inhibitor, ABT-737, leads to a potent synergistic response in triggering cell death in mouse and human lymphoma and leukemia cells. Suppression of eIF4AI using RNA interference also synergized with ABT-737 in murine lymphomas, highlighting eIF4AI as a therapeutic target for modulating tumor cell response to chemotherapy.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Fred J. Ansfield
Journal: JAMA (1976)

DESPITE the diverse modifications of the classical Halsted mastectomy, which have been popularized in the past several decades, the adherents to the use of postoperative irradiation, particularly in patients found to have had cancerous axillary nodes at surgery, have remained steadfast. Of the more than 1,500 breast cancer patients with recurrent disease treated in the Oncology Clinic over the past 17 years, less than 10% of patients who had cancerous axillary nodes at mastectomy failed to receive adjuvant radiotherapy, possibly because the physicians are unaware of the results of the well-controlled study of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP), 1 which showed that postoperative irradiation did not increase survival in these patients.  It is well recognized that while control of local chest wall disease, with its peripheral lymphatic sites, spares the patient as well as her family and physician considerable distress, radiotherapy not infrequently compounds the difficulties.  With the