tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital Services in the United States and Canada
Authors: George K. Aitken
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thrombophlebitis and Cancer
Authors: Jerrold S. Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Records of 1,400 patients with the diagnosis of venous thrombosis or thrombophlebitis were reviewed. Eighty-one had associated cancer. In 61, the thrombophlebitis was diagnosed clinically; in 20, at autopsy. Fifty-one had carcinoma. Thrombophlebitis was recognized in 31 prior to the carcinoma. Other types of malignancy also showed this relationship. The lungs, female reproductive tract, and the pancreas were most frequent sites for the primary lesion. The resistance to anticoagulant therapy used in the treatment of thrombophlebitis was striking. Phlebitis sometimes persists or recurs over long periods of time before the cancer is discovered. These characteristics should be regarded as warning signs indicating a comprehensive survey for occult cancer.
Hyperproinsulinemia of Type II Diabetes Is Not Present Before the Development of Hyperglycemia
Authors: Kåre I Birkeland, Peter A Torjesen, Johan Eriksson, Stein Vaaler, Leif Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To examine proinsulin and insulin levels in first-degree relatives of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Comparison of insulin and proinsulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test in four groups of individuals: 1) 31 patients with newly diagnosed NIDDM treated with diet alone, 2) 34 first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 3) 26 relatives with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and 4) 30 subjects without a family history of diabetes. RESULTS Both fasting and post-glucose levels of proinsulin were elevated in patients with diabetes, but not in the relatives with IGT or NGT. Levels of true insulin were highest in the diabetic group, followed by the subjects with IGT, and were lowest among relatives with NGT. Proinsulin levels correlated with glucose levels, suggesting that hyperglycemia is the main stimulus for increased proinsulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS First-degree relatives of NIDDM patients, who have a high risk of developing diabetes, do not exhibit elevated levels of fasting or glucose-stimulated proinsulin as long as their fasting glucose levels remain normal.
Role of catecholamines in hypotensive response to dieting.
Authors: R T Jung, P S Shetty, M Barrand, B A Callingham, W P James
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The effect of dieting on blood pressure and catecholamine metabolism was assessed in 11 normotensive obese women by providing first a weight-maintenance regimen high in carbohydrate and then a low-energy diet. All dietary constituents other than carbohydrate were maintained constant throughout the 18-day study. The low-carbohydrate diet led within 48 hours to a 41% fall in the urinary output of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy mandelate and a significant fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations also fell and the hypotensive effect of the diet continued despite a maintained total body sodium. Thus the fall in blood pressure appeared to be mediated by changes in catecholamine metabolism independent of sodium intake. This may explain both the usefulness of weight reduction in hypertensive patients and the fainting that occurs in some normotensive obese subjects taking slimming regimens low in carbohydrate.
China starts to move away from using organs from executed prisoners for transplantations
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related chronic lung changes secondary to severe disease have become well known. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors that affect the development of interstitial lung disease in subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia who were hospitalized. <h3>METHODS:</h3> Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia between June 2020 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Smoking histories, comorbidities, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test results, laboratory parameters at the time of the diagnosis, oxygen support, the use of corticosteroids with dosage and duration data, the need for ICU care were recorded. High-resolution computed tomographies (HRCT) were obtained for study population in their 3–6 months follow-up visit. The subjects were classified as having residual parenchymal lung disease if a follow-up HRCT revealed parenchymal abnormalities except pure ground-glass opacities (the residual disease group). The control group consisted of the subjects with normal chest radiograph or HRCT in their follow-up visit or the presence of pure ground-glass opacities. Two groups were compared for their demographic and clinical abnormalities, laboratory parameters, treatment regimens, and the need for ICU care. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> The study included 446 subjects. The mean ± SD age was 58.4 ± 13.87 years, with 257 men (57.6%). Although 55 subjects had normal HRCT features on their follow-up HRCT, 157 had abnormal lung parenchymal findings. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant results for age, sex, corticosteroid treatment, and the need for ICU care for predicting interstitial lung disease development (<i>P</i> &lt; .001, <i>P</i> = .003, <i>P &lt;</i> .001, and <i>P &lt;</i> .001, respectively). Also, the residual disease group had significantly higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts and lower lymphocyte counts (<i>P</i> &lt; .001, <i>P</i> &lt; .001, <i>P</i> = .004, respectively). Correlated with these findings, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios were significantly higher in the residual disease group (<i>P</i> &lt; .001 and <i>P</i> = .008, respectively). <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Residual parenchymal disease was observed 3-6 months after discharge in one third of the subjects hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. It was observed that interstitial lung disease developed more frequently in older men and in those subjects with more-severe disease parameters.
Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: A. Cipriani, K. Hawton, S. Stockton, J. R. Geddes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Previous studies have shown that individuals with heroin and cocaine addiction prefer to use these drugs in distinct settings: mostly at home in the case of heroin and mostly outside the home in the case of cocaine. Here we investigated whether the context would modulate the affective and neural responses to these drugs in a similar way. First, we used a novel emotional task to assess the affective state produced by heroin or cocaine in different settings, based on the recollections of male and female drug users. Then we used fMRI to monitor neural activity during drug imagery (re-creating the setting of drug use) in male drug users. Consistent with our working hypothesis, the majority of participants reported a shift in the affective valence of heroin from mostly pleasant at home to mostly unpleasant outside the home (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). The opposite shift was observed for cocaine; that is, most participants who found cocaine pleasant outside the home found it unpleasant when taken at home (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0014). Furthermore, we found a double dissociation, as a function of drug and setting imagery, in BOLD signal changes in the left PFC and caudate, and bilaterally in the cerebellum (all <i>p</i> values &lt;0.01), suggesting that the fronto-striatal-cerebellar network is implicated in the contextualization of drug-induced affect. In summary, we report that the same setting can influence in opposite directions the affective and neural response to psychostimulants versus opiates in humans, adding to growing evidence of distinct substrates for the rewarding effects of these two drug classes. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The rewarding effects of addictive drugs are often thought to depend on shared substrates. Yet, environmental influences can unmask striking differences between psychostimulants and opiates. Here we used emotional tasks and fMRI to explore the influence of setting on the response to heroin versus cocaine in individuals with addiction. Simply moving from one setting to another significantly decreased heroin pleasure but increased cocaine pleasure, and vice versa. Similar double dissociation was observed in the activity of the fronto-striatal-cerebellar network. These findings suggest that the effects of opiates and psychostimulants depend on dissociable psychological and neural substrates and that therapeutic approaches to addiction should take into account the peculiarities of different drug classes and the settings of drug use.
Mutations in UVSSA cause UV-sensitive syndrome and impair RNA polymerase IIo processing in transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair
Authors: Yuka Nakazawa, Kensaku Sasaki, Norisato Mitsutake, Michiko Matsuse, Mayuko Shimada, Tiziana Nardo, Yoshito Takahashi, Kaname Ohyama, Kosei Ito, Hiroyuki Mishima, Masayo Nomura, Akira Kinoshita, Shinji Ono, Katsuya Takenaka, Ritsuko Masuyama, Takashi Kudo, Hanoch Slor, Atsushi Utani, Satoshi Tateishi, Shunichi Yamashita, Miria Stefanini, Alan R Lehmann, Koh-ichiro Yoshiura, Tomoo Ogi
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Early molecular replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cultured-blood-derived T helper dendritic cells.
Authors: E Langhoff, K H Kalland, W A Haseltine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The rate and efficiency of key steps in the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was examined in three primary cell types, T cells, monocytes, and T helper dendritic cells using the same quantity of virus involved and same cell number. The results show that viral DNA synthesis proceeds much more rapidly and efficiently in primary T helper dendritic cell populations than in primary T cell and monocyte populations. The increased rate of virus DNA synthesis is attributable either to an increase in the efficiency and the rate of uptake of the virus particles by the T helper dendritic cells, as compared with that in other cell types, or to an increased efficiency and rate of viral DNA synthesis in the T helper dendritic cells. In the subsequent phase of viral expression the appearance of spliced viral mRNA products also occur more rapidly in cultures of primary-blood-derived T helper dendritic cells than is the case in primary T cells and monocytes. The increased efficiency of the early steps of HIV-1 replication in primary-blood-derived T helper dendritic cells than in other blood-derived mononuclear cells raises the possibility that these cells play a central role in HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
Pigmented lesions of the tongue in heroin addicts—fixed drug eruption
Authors: W. WESTERHOF, E. CH. WOLTERS, J. T. W. BROOKBAKKER, R. E. BOELEN, M. E. I. SCHIPPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Pigmentation of the tongue is an uncommon finding. We describe a case in which it was due to a fixed drug eruption following the inhalation of heroin pyrolysate and methaqualone vapours.
Similar acid stimulatory potencies of synthetic human big and little gastrins in man.
Authors: V E Eysselein, V Maxwell, T Reedy, E Wünsch, J H Walsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

A newly synthesized human big gastrin (G34) that was prepared according to the revised structure and that contained less than 3% oxidized methionine residues was compared with synthetic human little gastrin (G17) for acid-stimulating activity and clearance in human subjects. Prolonged infusions of each type of gastrin revealed that the time required to approach stable plasma concentrations was much longer for G34 than for G17. The time course of plasma gastrin concentration could be described by one-compartment models with half-lives of 44 min for G34 and 8 min for G17. After rapid intravenous infusion, G34 produced a much larger total acid response than did an equimolar dose of G17, and the responses were directly proportional to the integrated plasma gastrin increments. During the third hour of prolonged intravenous infusions of G34 and G17, the exogenous dosage of G34 required to produce the same blood concentration of gastrin was only one-fourth that of G17. Equivalent blood concentrations of G34 and G17 were associated with similar rates of acid secretion. These results suggest that G34 is more potent than has been thought, that it has an activity similar to that of G17 and that it must not be ignored in estimating total acid-stimulating activity of circulating gastrins. The measurement of total carboxyl-terminal immunoreactive gastrin can produce a good estimate of total acid-stimulating activity.
Eosinophil recruitment to the lung in a murine model of allergic inflammation. The role of T cells, chemokines, and adhesion receptors.
Authors: J A Gonzalo, C M Lloyd, L Kremer, E Finger, C Martinez-A, M H Siegelman, M Cybulsky, J C Gutierrez-Ramos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Eosinophil accumulation is a distinctive feature of lung allergic inflammation. Here, we have used a mouse model of OVA (ovalbumin)-induced pulmonary eosinophilia to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms for this selective recruitment of eosinophils to the airways. In this model there was an early accumulation of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages in the lung during the OVA treatment, whereas the increase in infiltrating T-lymphocytes paralleled the accumulation of eosinophils. The kinetics of accumulation of these three leukocyte subtypes correlated with the levels of mRNA expression of the chemokines monocyte chemotactic peptide-1/JE, eotaxin, and RANTES (regulated upon activation in normal T cells expressed and secreted), suggesting their involvement in the recruitment of these leukocytes. Furthermore, blockade of eotaxin with specific antibodies in vivo reduced the accumulation of eosinophils in the lung in response to OVA by half. Mature CD4+ T-lymphocytes were absolutely required for OVA-induced eosinophil accumulation since lung eosinophilia was prevented in CD4+-deficient mice. However, these cells were neither the main producers of the major eosinophilic chemokines eotaxin, RANTES, or MIP-1alpha, nor did they regulate the expression of these chemokines. Rather, the presence of CD4+ T cells was necessary for enhancement of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression in the lung during allergic inflammation induced by the OVA treatment. In support of this, mice genetically deficient for VCAM-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 failed to develop pulmonary eosinophilia. Selective eosinophilic recruitment during lung allergic inflammation results from a sequential accumulation of certain leukocyte types, particularly T cells, and relies on the presence of both eosinophilic chemoattractants and adhesion receptors.
Are advance directives legally binding or simply the starting point for discussion on patients' best interests? Ethical view
Authors: S. A M McLean
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Following advance directives in emergencies throws up some complicated problems, as <b>Stephen Bonner and colleagues</b> found (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4667). We asked an emergency doctor (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4697), a medical defence adviser (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4693), and an ethicist what they would do in the circumstances
Diphtheria Incidence in European Countries
Authors: G. Stuart
Journal: BMJ (1945)

In England and Wales diphtheria morbidity and mortality have alike shown a spectacular decline within recent years.The year 1944 provided the lowest incidence and mortality ever recorded; and this gratifying state of affairs is to be traced.to mass immunization of children against diphtheria, which, begun in 1940, has since continued without interruption.Between 1940 and 1943 no fewer than 4,829,115 children under 15 years of age had been immunized-the estimated population of those ages in 1943 having been 8,583,000.Analysis of the returns made for 1943 shows the following rates:Annual rates of incidence per 1,000 child-years: (a) In immunized children.116 (b) In non-immunized children 406 Annual rates of death per 1,000 child-years: (a) In immunized children.0-0104 (b) In non-immunized children.0260The estimated death rate in 1943 from diphtheria was about 25 times as great among the non-immunized as among the immunized.In -the two years 1942 and 1943 the ratio was about 23 to 1.But England's experience in this respect has not been paral- leled by that of many other European countries, certainly pot in France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway.Of all the communicable diseases, diphtheria has shown in those countries by far the greatest increase during the war period; and this increase has been greatest in countries-e.g., the Netherlands and Norway-where the disease had in pre-war years reached the lowest level and where in consequence the propor- tion of susceptible individuals was highest.France in France, despite the proportion of children of school age inoculated against diphtheria with Ramon's diphtheria toxoid, a very considerable incidence was observed each year-an inci- dence which has become significant since 1941.Thus, whereas the average annual incidence during' the 1-year period 1928-38 was 19,371 cases (maximum 23,714 in 193G and mini- mum 16,264 in 1936) and the median for the same period was 19,893, the number of cases, wh:ch had dropped to 14,019 in 1939 and to 13,568 in 1940, rose s'eeply to reach 46,539 in 1943 -i.e., an increase in the morbidity rate per 100,000 from 32.3 (in 1940) to 110 (in 1943).The first half of 1944 provided 22,179 cases, as against 22,957 in the corresponding 6 months of 1943; thus showing little reduction from the abnormal increase of 1943.During 3 months of the latter half of 1944-from August.toOctober-the number of cases fell to 6,030, as against 10,025 in the same period of 1943.Thus 9 months of 1944 yielded 28,209 cases, as compared with 32,982 in the correspond- ing 9 months of 1943, and with the median figure of 14,083 for the same period.The 1944 incidence in France has therefore been twice as great as in ordinary years, and the morbidity rate per 100,000 has been 90, as against 110 in 1943 and 32 in 1940.As regards mortality, the proportion of deaths to cases would appear to have remained unaltered.In this connexion the mor- tality rates per 100,000 inhabitants of certain French towns during 1938 are of interest: Town Mortality, Rate Town Mortality Rate per 00,
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis presenting with severe anasarca, pulmonary embolus and hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: A.N. Elsensohn, J.A. Curtis, A.M. Secrest, M. Liaqat, S.R. Florell, K.L. Duffy, K. Edholm, E.M. Summers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis presenting with severe anasarca, pulmonary embolus and hypogammaglobulinaemia Get access A.N. Elsensohn, A.N. Elsensohn Department of Dermatology University of Utah 30 N 1900 E 4A330 Salt Lake City UT 84132 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Curtis, J.A. Curtis Department of Dermatology University of Utah 30 N 1900 E 4A330 Salt Lake City UT 84132 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Secrest, A.M. Secrest Department of Dermatology University of Utah 30 N 1900 E 4A330 Salt Lake City UT 84132 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Liaqat, M. Liaqat Department of Internal Medicine UCSF‐Fresno Fresno CA U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.R. Florell, S.R. Florell Department of Dermatology University of Utah 30 N 1900 E 4A330 Salt Lake City UT 84132 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.L. Duffy, K.L. Duffy Department of Dermatology University of Utah 30 N 1900 E 4A330 Salt Lake City UT 84132 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Edholm, K. Edholm Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah 30 N 1900 E 4A330 Salt Lake City UT 84132 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.M. Summers E.M. Summers Department of Dermatology University of Utah 30 N 1900 E 4A330 Salt Lake City UT 84132 U.S.A Correspondence: Erika Summers. E‐mail: erika.summers@hsc.utah.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 1, 1 July 2015, Pages 289–291, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13611 Published: 01 July 2015
Physician Advice and Action Plans in Severe Food Allergy
Authors: J.S.W. Kong, L.A.D. Haapanen, L.J. Phillipo, C.M. Bruhn, S.S. Teuber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)

RATIONALE: Although it is generally accepted that the double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard in the diagnosis of food allergy, to date, the occurrence and importance of placebo challenges has not extensively been documented.The purpose of this study was to analyze the occurrence of placebo reactions in DBPCFCs in children. METHODS:The study population consisted of 141 DBPCFCs in 115 children (age range 0,5 -16,6 years, median 5,5 years), who consecutively underwent DBPCFCs between January 2004 and May 2005 with cow's milk (58x), egg (28x), peanut (32x), hazelnut (14x) and soy (9x).Active and placebo challenges were separated by at least two weeks.An algorithm was devised to assess reactions following challenges and to classify the outcome of DBPCFCs in a uniform fashion.RESULTS: 57/141 DBPCFCs (40 %) were clear cut positive: in 46 of these children immediate reactions occurred, and in 11 of these children delayed symptoms observed by the parents were assessed as positive.In 22 children (16%) placebo reactions occurred: 10 of these 22 children reacted with immediate reactions, of whom 2 children were under 3 years of age.12 of these 22 placebo reactions consisted of delayed symptoms only observed by the parents.Inclusion of the placebo in evaluating the DBPCFCs allowed for identification of 7/64 (11%) positive reactions to the active challenge as being false positive.CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of placebos contributes to the diagnostic accuracy of DBPCFCs.Placebo reactions occur in 16% of all cases.Placebo reactions also occur in young children, albeit less frequently.