tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential modulation of autonomic activity by ethmozin and ethacizin (analog of ethmozin) on the canine sinus node and atrioventricular junction
Authors: Ferdinand Urthaler, Leonid V. Rosenshtraukh, Gilbert R. Hageman, Evgeny P. Anjukhovsky, Thomas N. James
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Percutaneous coronary intervention for saphenous vein graft in-stent restenotic and de novo lesions: Is there a difference in enzyme release and clinical outcome?
Authors: Roswitha Wolfram, Laurent Leborgne, Edouard F. Cheneau, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Daniel A. Canos, Sivakunar Lingam, Rebecca Howery, Petros Okubagzi, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Brain Death
Authors: Tae Jin Yun, Chul-Ho Sohn, Byung-Woo Yoon, Beom Seok Jeon, Seung Hong Choi, Ji-hoon Kim, Moon Hee Han, Kee-Hyun Chang
Journal: Circulation (2011)

A 48-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with a history of nuchal rigidity, tonic seizure, and loss of consciousness.Five hours after lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes, no pupil reaction to light and apnea was detected.Immediate MRI revealed tonsillar impaction in the foramen magnum, loss of signal void in the bilateral internal carotid arteries suggesting arrest in flow, severe gyral swelling, and extensive intravenous thrombi filling vessel lumens (Figure 1).Clinical examinations for brain death were performed on hospital day 20, and were consistent with clinical brain death.On hospital day 22, electroencephalogram was performed, and the result of electrocerebral silence was recorded as being consistent with electroencephalogram criteria for brain death.For determining cerebral blood flow (CBF), conventional angiography or radionuclide angiography was requested by the neurologists.However, the patient's family resolutely refused any additional invasive modality using contrast media or radioactive material.Therefore, on hospital day 23, unavoidable MR imaging using the arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique was performed, and revealed a severe perfusion defect in the whole brain.Mean value and standard deviation of CBF value measured in all pixels composing the gray matter were 7.9 and 3.4 mL ⅐ 100 g Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 (Figure 2).By hospital day 25, her status had shown no improvement.After 1 month in the hospital, mechanical ventilation and other supports were withdrawn in the operating room and her organs were donated to 5 other patients.
A rat model of acute liver necrosis induced by a monoclonal antibody to liver-specific antigen and complement
Authors: Takuya Ikeda, Yoichi Kurebayashi
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Acute massive hepatic injury was induced in rats by a monoclonal antibody against a rat liver-specific membrane antigen, and its histological characteristics were investigated. A single intravenous injection of murine ascites containing a monoclonal antibody produced numerous hemorrhagic foci of degenerated and necrotic liver cells predominantly in zones 1 (the periportal area) and 2 (the area of transition between the periportal zone and the perivenular zone) of the liver lobule within 10 min. Massive hepatocellular necroses were observed 1 hr later, but no inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in and around the necrotic foci. Immunohistological study demonstrated marked deposition of the third component of the complement system in the necrotic area. Serum complement activity was sharply decreased immediately after the injection of the antibody, suggesting that the hepatic necrosis is ascribable to a complement-mediated immune attack on the liver cell membrane induced by the antigen-antibody reaction. The hepatic necrosis in response to monoclonal-antibody injection did not progress to a chronic disease and healed almost completely, changing to scar tissues within 2 wk. Although it is not clear whether this hepatic injury has any clinical relevance, this antibody/complement model may be useful for investigating the cause and therapy of hepatic diseases such as fulminant hepatitis.
ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION INDUCED IN MICE BY CELL WALL MUCOPEPTIDE
Authors: Jiri Rotta, Thomas J. Prendergast, Walter W. Karakawa, Charles K. Harmon, Richard M. Krause
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The streptococcal cell wall mucopeptide when injected into mice either intraperitoneally or intravenously enhances the resitance to subsequent challenge with virulent Group A streptococci. Rabbits which are injected intravenously with solubilized mucopeptide develop a fever response which has a resemblance to that achieved with endotoxin. Mice which survive 6 to 7 weeks after challenge with virulent Group A streptococci yield at autopsy search Group A streptococci serologically identical to the challenge organisms. A preparative dose of cell walls injected into mice prior to challenge diminished this late recovery of streptococci. Group A-variant streptococci were recovered from mice which survived challenge and carried the organisms for several weeks. Filterable bacterial forms, which grew on L form media, were recovered from infected mice. The serologic type of the L forms was identical to that of the challenge organisms.
Cholangioscopic removal of a dislocated stent from the cystic duct using a high pressure biliary dilation balloon
Authors: F. Graepler, A. Raible, H. Neuhaus, M. Gregor
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 57-year-old man presented because of painless jaundice. During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) a papillary neoplasia was diagnosed. Papillotomy was performed and a 10-Fr transpapillary polyethylene stent was positioned in the common hepatic duct. To avoid dislocation of the stent into the duodenum, additional flaps were cut into the part of the stent located inside the duct.
A polymorphic stop codon in BRCA2
Authors: Sylvie Mazoyer, Alison M. Dunning, Olga Serova, Joanna Dearden, Nadine Puget, Catherine S. Healey, Simon A. Gayther, Jonathan Mangion, Michael R. Stratton, Henry T. Lynch, David E. Goldgar, Bruce A. J. Ponder, Gilbert M. Lenoir
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Clinical Implications of Tumor-Cell Heterogeneity
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Lowell E. Schnipper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

THE genetic changes that are important for the expression, maintenance, and progression of the malignant phenotype are responsible for the extensive diversity of cells observed in the neoplastic process. This phenomenon, termed tumor-cell heterogeneity, is a fundamental property of cancer that has important biologic and clinical consequences.1 , 2 Morphologic heterogeneity that is characterized by nearly normal differentiation and marked anaplasia is often observed within a single neoplasm. The biochemical properties of neoplastic cells within the same tumor may also vary. An important and frequent example occurs in breast cancer, in which malignant cells that are positive for cytosolic estrogen or progesterone . . .
What Resulted in the Radioactivity Superior to the Left Kidney on Renal Scintigraphy?
Authors: Hongming Zhuang, Jian Q. Yu, Hua Yang, Lisa J. States
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Radiotracers used in renal scintigraphy, such as Tc-99m-labeled mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), are not known to be able to accumulate in the spleen. However, for some less experienced readers, radioactivity of unsuspected free Tc-99m pertechenate in the stomach can easily be confused to be in the spleen in posterior views which are used to acquire renal images. We report here such cases.
Increased Iron Absorption During Liver Regeneration Induced by Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Gerald A. Mendel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ATTENTION was drawn to the fact by Moore<sup>1</sup>and Bothwell<sup>2</sup>and his co-workers that the rate of red blood cell production influences the quantity of iron absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Our studies<sup>3,4</sup>have also shown that iron absorption varies directly with the rate of red blood cell production and, that this effect is additive, in some degree, to the effects exerted by anemia and alterations in body iron content on intestinal iron transport. While these factors, acting in concert, seem to be the most significant that have been identified to explain the regulation of iron absorption under normal circumstances and in some disease states,<sup>5</sup>there remains a group of conditions in which iron absorption is increased for reasons not readily explainable by the factors first considered. These conditions include the positive iron balance that is seen during periods of growth,<sup>6</sup>the increased iron absorption
Points from Letters: Rats Today
Authors: T. J. B. Dawes
Journal: BMJ (1975)

vogue in the future should Parliament as at present constituted beconme too unwieldy to function effectively.Moreover, the medical profession would be freer to set up and supervise what mtust surely come, and that is a body of aware persons to interview at regular intervals all persons in paid authority above a certain level of responsibility, in- cluding doctors, lawyers, M.P.s, teachers, etc., regairding their continuing suitability to hold such authority.Under the pro- fession's present subservience to politics this would be difficult to implement, if at all."What shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul?"And as a profession we are in grave danger of doing just that.-I am, etc.,
Eight-Year Trend of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Guangxi Li, Michael Malinchoc, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Chakradhar V. Venkata, Daryl J. Kor, Steve G. Peters, Rolf D. Hubmayr, Ognjen Gajic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent advances in hospital practice may have reduced the incidence of this lethal syndrome.to observe incidence trends and associated outcomes of ARDS.this population-based cohort study was conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Using a validated screening protocol, investigators identified intensive care patients with acute hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. The presence of ARDS was independently confirmed according to American-European Consensus Conference criteria. The incidence of ARDS and associated outcomes were compared over the 8-year study period (2001-2008).over the 8-year period, critically ill Olmsted County residents presented with increasing severity of acute illness, a greater number of comorbidities, and a higher prevalence of major predisposing conditions for ARDS. The ARDS incidence decreased significantly from 82.4 to 38.9 per 100,000 person-years during the study period (P < 0.001). A decline in hospital-acquired ARDS (P < 0.001) was responsible for the fall in the incidence density with no change on admission (P = 0.877). Overall, mortality and hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay decreased over time (P < 0.001), whereas the ARDS case-fatality did not change significantly.despite an increase in patients' severity of illness, number of comorbidities, and prevalence of major ARDS risk factors, the incidence of ARDS in this suburban community decreased by more than half. Correlation of the observed findings with changes in health care delivery may have important implications for the planning of acute care services in other regions.
Ocular Efficacy of a Novel, Enhanced Affinity Corticosteroid, Fluticasone Furoate∗ Nasal Spray, in Ragweed-Sensitive Patients ∗USAN-approved name
Authors: W.R. Lumry, S.H. Cohen, A. Levy, E. Philpot, T. Toler, A. Ellsworth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Transplantation Immunology
Authors: Charles H. Kirkpatrick
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ALTHOUGH transplantation of tissues is very artificial biologically, therapeutically it has provided a successful approach to management of functional failure of a variety of organs or systems. Renal transplantation is practiced widely in many centers throughout the world for patients with chronic renal failure for whom a suitable donor is available. Transplantation of bone marrow is becoming more widely practiced for aplastic anemia, immunodeficiency, and a variety of cancers, especially leukemia, as increasing numbers of centers for this procedure are created (see chapter 21). Transplantation of heart, liver, endocrine tissue, skin, lung, bone, and nonviable tissues is also practiced, but to a lesser extent, and is beyond the scope of this primer. <h3>TYPES OF GRAFTS</h3> Four types of transplants or grafts are recognized according to the genetic relationship between the donor and recipient (Table 19-1). An allograft is one transplanted between genetically nonidentical members of the same species, eg, all
In the presence of bone marrow stromal cells human multiple myeloma cells become independent of the IL-6/gp130/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Manik Chatterjee, Dirk Hönemann, Suzanne Lentzsch, Kurt Bommert, Christine Sers, Pia Herrmann, Stephan Mathas, Bernd Dörken, Ralf C. Bargou
Journal: Blood (2002)
Sphygmomanometer Cuff Calibrated for Corrected Blood-pressure Readings
Authors: S. Higham
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Sphygmomanometer Cuff Calibrated forCorrected Blood-pressure Readings Many practitioners who are constantly engaged in taking blood-pressure readings must from time to time have been puizzled by very high or very low readings in patients who are perfectly normal in health and symptom-free.There are, of course, many factors which can affect B.P. readings in people in normal health.These have been fully described by Professor Pickering (1955).One source of error which he describes, and which allows of immediate correction in reading the B.P., is the effect of differences in the arm circumference.This phenomenon was originally described by Ragan and Bordley (1941), who compared a series of direct auscultatory B.P. readings in one arm with simultaneous
Hall Jackson and the Purple Foxglove: Medical Practice and Research in Revolutionary America 1760-1820
Authors: Adele Hast
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The title and subtitle of this book might well be reversed, for it is primarily a history of medicine in America during the revolutionary and early national periods. (The revolutionary era may be stretched to 1790, but never as late as 1820.) Most of the book serves as background to the introduction into American medicine of digitalis, a derivative of the foxglove plant, as treatment for dropsy, the 18th-century description of a combination of symptoms now associated with congestive heart failure. Digitalis was added to American medical treatment by Hall Jackson as a result of his correspondence with the English physician William Withering in 1786, but neither these men nor other contemporary practitioners understood the drug's action on the heart. The excellent discussion of 18th-century concepts and research on dropsy is found halfway through the book, and detailed description of the introduction of digitalis begins on page 201. The first
Transfer factor (diffusing capacity) standardized for alveolar volume: validation, reference values and applications of a new linear model to replace KCO (TL/VA)
Authors: DJ Chinn, JE Cotes, R Flowers, AM Marks, JW Reed
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Transfer factor (TL) varies with alveolar volume (VA), but not in the manner implied by the carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO (TL/VA)). This paper considers two other simple models (one linear and one exponential) which might standardize TL for VA, and asks the questions: 1) Is either model valid? 2) What are appropriate reference values? and 3) Will the model be useful? The relationship of TL to VA within subjects at different depths of inspiration, and between subjects having lungs of different sizes, were measured and compared. The subjects were asymptomatic, nonsmoking, Caucasian adults, including 31 males assessed in the laboratory and 503 male and female participants in population studies. The linear partial regression coefficients of TL on VA (L corrected for body temperature, atmospheric pressure and water saturation (BTPS)) standardized for height (H) in metres, were similar within- and between-subjects; the coefficients applied over a wide range of values for VA. This was not the case for the exponential model. The resulting reference equations in SI units for males and females were: TL = 11.52 H + 2.72 VA.H-2 - 0.051 Age -12.35. RSD 1.17; and TL = 4.87 H + 2.29 VA.H-2 - 0.019 Age -3.03. RSD 0.92, respectively. The residual standard deviations (RSD) about the new relationships were less than in other series. The new linear model could account for much of the variation between different published reference values for TL; it could be useful clinically, in circumstances when VA deviates from the norm. The model does not explain differences in TL associated with gender. Inclusion of VA.H-2 as a covariate in the reference equation for transfer factor, in addition to age and height, improves the accuracy of prediction of normal transfer factor compared with current reference values; its use suggests that some of the differences between published values is due to the volume term. The equations can be used clinically, and eliminate the need for carbon monoxide transfer coefficient.
Sensitivity to Intravenous Anaesthetics: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: J. W. Dundee, E. S. K. Assem, J. M. Gaston, S. R. Keilty, J. A. Sutton, R. S. J. Clarke, D. Grainger
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Three patients with sensitivity to an intravenous anaesthetic-thiopentone, propanidid, and Althesin (alphadolone and alphaxalone)-are described. In the cases of thiopentone and Althesin the reaction was characterized by cardiovascular collapse, while bronchospasm also occurred with thiopentone. The reaction to propanidid was a direct skin sensitivity. All patients had a personal or family history of asthma and all had been previously exposed to the offending drug. A leucocyte challenge test showed an allergic response to thiopentone and Althesin in two patients but gave a negative result in the patient with the skin reaction. Allergic reactions can occur to all types of intravenous anaesthetics in a few patients.
The role of climate on the geographic variability of asthma, allergic rhinitis and respiratory symptoms: results from the Italian study of asthma in young adults
Authors: M. E. Zanolin, C. Pattaro, A. Corsico, M. Bugiani, L. Carrozzi, L. Casali, R. Dallari, M. Ferrari, A. Marinoni, E. Migliore, M. Olivieri, P. Pirina, G. Verlato, S. Villani, R. de Marco
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Variations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms according to geo‐climatic factors could provide important clues to the knowledge of the aetiology of asthma. Methods: Geo‐climatic variations in the prevalence of current asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic cough, and phlegm were assessed on a random sample of 18 873 subjects (response rate = 72.7%) from different climatic regions of Italy. An ecological analysis, supported by robust statistical methods, was employed to investigate potential trends. Results: The prevalence of all symptoms was significantly heterogeneous throughout the peninsula. Only asthma‐like symptoms showed a north–south trend: the prevalence increased at a decreasing latitude [odds ratio (OR) varies from 0.92 to 0.96, P &lt; 0.05], at a decreasing distance from the sea (OR: 0.90–0.93 for 30 km distance, P &lt; 0.05), at higher annual mean temperatures (OR: 1.11–1.14, P &lt; 0.05) and at smaller annual temperature ranges (OR: 0.94–0.95, P &lt; 0.05). Of the geo‐climatic variables considered, temperature range had the greatest influence on most asthma‐like symptoms. No association was found between geo‐climatic variables and allergic rhinitis or chronic cough and phlegm. Conclusions: Asthma prevalence seems to be significantly affected by climate as asthma‐like symptoms were more common in central‐southern Italy, with a Mediterranean climate, than in areas with a continental climate (northern Italy).
Coronary calcifications in the detection of coronary artery disease and comparison with electrocardiographic exercise testing. Results from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's type II coronary intervention study.
Authors: R F Aldrich, J F Brensike, J W Battaglini, J M Richardson, I K Loh, N J Stone, E R Passamani, H Ackerstein, R Seningen, J S Borer, R I Levy, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Recent studies have noted the limitations of the exercise ECG as a screening test for coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in asymptomatic patients.To improve the sensitivity and predictive ac- curacy of noninvasive screening studies, we analyzed the results of using cardiac fluoroscopy (to detect cor- onary calcifications) in conjunction with electrocardiographic exercise testing to detect CAD.We used these tests to screen patients for participation in the NHLBI Type II Coronary Intervention Study.The predictive accuracy of a positive test for identifying any degree of coronary artery stenosis among asymptomatic patients (n = 93) was 86% for cardiac fluoroscopy and 69% for exercise testing (p = 0.07).However, the predictive ac- curacy of a positive test for identifying lesons .50% in this same population was only 46% for cardiac fluoroscopy and 36% for exercise testing.The combination of a positive exercise test and positive cardiac fluoroscopy increased the predictive accuracy for lesions .50% to 82% (p < 0.05).Among symptomatic patients (n = 61), sensitivity for detecting lesions .50%increased from 40% for electrocardiographic exercise testing alone to 65% when fluoroscopic results were also considered.We conclude that either test used alone has a low predictive accuracy for detecting lesions .50% in asymptomatic subjects and a low sensitivity in symptomatic subjects.However, 1) predictive accuracy is significantly improved in asymptomatic type II patients when both tests are positive; 2) sensitivity for detecting lesions >50% in symptomatic type 11 patients is enhanced significantly by a combination of two tests rather than either one alone; and 3) the presence of cor- onary calcifications indicates some level of underlying coronary disease with a high predictive accuracy (86%).