tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MSF charity closes medical facilities in parts of Syria after staff were kidnapped
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The humanitarian organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) has closed medical facilities that were providing care for 150 000 people in northwestern Syria, after five of the agency’s staff were kidnapped.

The staff members were taken from an MSF run hospital in the Jabal Akrad region in January. Three were released in April, and the other two were released on 14 May. MSF’s international president, Joanne Liu, condemned the abduction, saying, “The direct consequence of taking humanitarian staff is a reduction in lifesaving aid. The long term victims of this abduction are the Syrian population.”

The organisation said that, for security reasons, …
Public should be told that rationing is inevitable, say doctors
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The public should be warned that rationing of health care is inevitable, doctors said at their annual representatives' meeting in Torquay this week. The doctors also agreed that members of the public should be given explicit advice on which services are available on the NHS so that they can make provision for treatments that fall outside the health service.

In its paper on an alternative strategy for the future of the NHS, published in May ( BMJ 2007;334:969 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39210.522188.4E), the BMA raised the possibility that “it may be necessary to ration some services if society is not prepared …
Halofuginone, an inhibitor of collagen synthesis by rat stellate cells, stimulates insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 synthesis by hepatocytes
Authors: Yulia Gnainsky, Gadi Spira, Melia Paizi, Rafael Bruck, Arnon Nagler, Suha Naffar Abu-Amara, Benjamin Geiger, Olga Genina, Efrat Monsonego-Ornan, Mark Pines
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
A Study of the Mechanism of Pressure Wave Distortion by Arterial Walls Using an Electrical Analog
Authors: HOMER R. WARNER
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

The large arteries may be expected to respond to a central pulse wave as a resonant system and the pressure pulse can be resolved into a series of pure sinusoidal waves. Therefore, a frequency filter network was designed which could duplicate the resonant frequency and damping coefficient of a segment of artery by proper adjustment of the circuit constants. Data are presented which support the concept that much of the distortion of a pressure wave in its transmission down an artery can be explained in terms of a resonant frequency and damping coefficient, and that these variables in turn arc dependent upon physical properties of the segment of artery transmitting the wave.
Ventricular Assist Device Implantation Corrects Myocardial Lipotoxicity, Reverses Insulin Resistance, and Normalizes Cardiac Metabolism in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Aalap Chokshi, Konstantinos Drosatos, Faisal H. Cheema, Ruiping Ji, Tuba Khawaja, Shuiqing Yu, Tomoko Kato, Raffay Khan, Hiroo Takayama, Ralph Knöll, Hendrik Milting, Christine S. Chung, Ulrich Jorde, Yoshifumi Naka, Donna M. Mancini, Ira J. Goldberg, P. Christian Schulze
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Heart failure is associated with impaired myocardial metabolism with a shift from fatty acids to glucose use for ATP generation. We hypothesized that cardiac accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates inhibits insulin signaling in advanced heart failure and that mechanical unloading of the failing myocardium corrects impaired cardiac metabolism. Methods and Results— We analyzed the myocardium and serum of 61 patients with heart failure (body mass index, 26.5±5.1 kg/m 2 ; age, 51±12 years) obtained during left ventricular assist device implantation and at explantation (mean duration, 185±156 days) and from 9 control subjects. Systemic insulin resistance in heart failure was accompanied by decreased myocardial triglyceride and overall fatty acid content but increased toxic lipid intermediates, diacylglycerol, and ceramide. Increased membrane localization of protein kinase C isoforms, inhibitors of insulin signaling, and decreased activity of insulin signaling molecules Akt and Foxo were detectable in heart failure compared with control subjects. Left ventricular assist device implantation improved whole-body insulin resistance (homeostatic model of analysis–insulin resistance, 4.5±0.6–3.2±0.5; P &lt;0.05) and decreased myocardial levels of diacylglycerol and ceramide, whereas triglyceride and fatty acid content remained unchanged. Improved activation of the insulin/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt signaling cascade after left ventricular assist device implantation was confirmed by increased phosphorylation of Akt and Foxo, which was accompanied by decreased membrane localization of protein kinase C isoforms after left ventricular assist device implantation. Conclusions— Mechanical unloading after left ventricular assist device implantation corrects systemic and local metabolic derangements in advanced heart failure, leading to reduced myocardial levels of toxic lipid intermediates and improved cardiac insulin signaling.
REVENUE FOR CONDUCTING THE WORK OF BOARDS OF DENTAL EXAMINERS.
Authors: V E Turner
Journal: JAMA (1901)

<h3>BY TAXATION OF THE PEOPLE.</h3> Although one of the main objects of examining persons wishing to commence the practice is to secure protection for the people from inferior dental service, and it would seem for such immunity the people should be taxed as they are for any other protection which the law affords. This is doubtless the correct principle, as the members of the state boards are state officers, it would seem most rational that they should be paid as other state officers. But there would be great difficulty in influencing legislation, as any proposed enactment relating to dental surgery or any branch of medicine, which carried with it a draft upon the treasury of a state, would excite the opposition of the average legislator. It would not be expedient to ask this, as it would be fatal to any further amendment to our present dental laws. In fact, in
Trends in Kaposi's Sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Incidence in the United States From 1973 Through 1998
Authors: M. A. Eltom
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the general population has markedly increased since the onset of the AIDS epidemic in 1981. However, during the 1990s, the dynamics of the AIDS epidemic changed, as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rates slowed and effective antiretroviral therapies were introduced. We examined the impact of these changes on the general population incidence of KS and NHL.Age-standardized incidences for KS and NHL from 1973 through 1998 were obtained from nine population-based cancer registries that participate in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program.During the mid-1990s, KS incidence declined sharply in all nine registries. Decreases in KS incidence were most evident in San Francisco, where KS rates among white men had risen from 0.5 per 100 000 people per year in 1973 to between 31.1 and 33.3 from 1987 through 1991 and then declined to 2.8 in 1998. With background NHL incidence in the general population being much higher than that for KS, changes in incidence related to the AIDS epidemic were most evident in subgroups at high risk of AIDS. In San Francisco, NHL rates among white men rose from 10.7 in 1973 to a peak of 31.4 in 1995 and then declined to 21.6 in 1998. NHL types that were most highly AIDS-associated declined most steeply, whereas the incidence of NHL types not associated with AIDS was either stable or increasing.Changes in KS and NHL incidence since the mid 1990s may reflect declines in the number of individuals with AIDS and improved immune function in such individuals following the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapies in the 1990s. Notably, non-AIDS-associated NHL incidence has continued to increase steadily through 1998.
Working group 1: How to increase the output of cardiologists
Authors: Kenneth Lee Baughman, Carl J. Pepine, Jonathan Abrams, Thomas M. Bashore, Robert M. Califf, Arthur M. Feldman, W.Bruce Fye, Brian P. Griffin, Robert J. Myerburg, Gerald V. Naccarelli, Eric S. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
TUBERCULAR ALLERGY WITHOUT INFECTION
Authors: Florence R. Sabin, Austin L. Joyner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. Guinea pigs can be rendered hypersensitive to tuberculo-protein by small, repeated, intradermal injections of active tuberculo-protein. 2. The addition of tuberculo-phosphatide to the protein speeds up the process of sensitization and enhances it so that the reactions become indurated and necrotic, closely simulating those of the disease. 3. Active tuberculo-proteins induce a new formation of monocytes and some epithelioid cells. The addition of phosphatide to the protein brings about a massive formation of epithelioid cells. 4. With the increased cellular reaction to the mixed injections may be correlated the increase in the speed and intensity of the sensitization. 5. The intradermal route is the best for these sensitizations, probably because it provides the greatest dose per cell of the sensitizing agent. 6. The degree of sensitization artificially obtainable by the synergistic action of tuberculo-phosphatide and tuberculo-protein is quite comparable to the degree of sensitization naturally occurring in tuberculous animals; moreover, this degree of sensitization may be induced with amounts of the materials from the bacilli which could conceivably be present in the tissues of an infected host.
CASE OF SOLITARY TUBERCULOUS ULCER OF THE LIP
Authors: G. T. MacPherson
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Tuberculous ulcer of the lip is perhaps the most rare of all the types of oral tuberculosis. There are two types recognized: (1) the solitary ulcer beginning on the lip itself, and (2) ulcerated areas secondary to mucous membrane lesions of the buccal cavity, or to tuberculous lesions of the skin of the face such as we see in lupus. Of these two types, the former is the more rare. The diagnosis is difficult and must be made differentially, with chancre and epithelioma in mind. Occasionally the lesion is mixed tuberculous and syphilitic. With these facts in mind, we felt that such a case as the present should be reported. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A miner, aged 26, came to the dispensary in March, 1923, complaining of a chronic sore on the lower lip. He had been drifting from camp to camp, and his social history and the nature of the
Mechanisms of human autoimmunity
Authors: Michael D. Rosenblum, Kelly A. Remedios, Abul K. Abbas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Autoimmune reactions reflect an imbalance between effector and regulatory immune responses, typically develop through stages of initiation and propagation, and often show phases of resolution (indicated by clinical remissions) and exacerbations (indicated by symptomatic flares). The fundamental underlying mechanism of autoimmunity is defective elimination and/or control of self-reactive lymphocytes. Studies in humans and experimental animal models are revealing the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to autoimmunity. A major goal of research in this area is to exploit this knowledge to better understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to develop strategies for reestablishing the normal balance between effector and regulatory immune responses.
In-111 Octreotide Scan in a Case of a Neuroendocrine Tumor of Unknown Origin
Authors: DAVID FUSTER, MIQUEL NAVASA, FRANCESCA PONS, SERGI VIDAL-SICART, JOSE JAVIER MATEOS, FRANCISCO LOMENA, JOAN RODES, RAM´ON HERRANZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Major neuroendocrine tumors contain many somatostatin receptors. This feature allows for the localization of primary tumors and tumor metastases by scintigraphy with the radiolabeled somatostatin analog octreotide. We describe a patient with nonspecific clinical data and ultrasonography and CT that showed an isolated focal lesion in the liver. In-111 octreotide scintigraphy was essential in establishing the diagnosis of liver metastasis from a neuroendocrine tumor confirmed by pathologic findings. Because clinical symptoms recurred, ultrasonography and CT were performed a few months after surgery. Both were negative. However, In-111 octreotide scintigraphy suggested multiple bone metastases and established the diagnosis of bone metastases from a neuroendocrine tumor, which was confirmed by Tc-99m MDP bone scans and MRI.
Doctors, physiotherapists, and placebo pharmacology.
Authors: S Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A seminar of physiotherapists studied the psychological aspects of their work. Difficulty with doctors rather than patients was unexpectedly prominent. The following factors were identified as contributing to their dissatisfaction: doctors misused physiotherapy as a placebo in cases of incurable and untreatable disease and mental problems; because they faced questions about diagnosis and prognosis that doctors escaped they learnt to avoid knowing the facts about their patients; using quasiscientific apparatus had tended to replace physical contact; they saw their psychological skill as illicit and unprofessional; and they were uncertain about their role as social workers. Nevertheless, they tended to idealise doctors, which sharpened gratification in collaborative work and helped to alleviate anxiety about death and disease, but tended to reinforce sexual stereotyping and the image of physiotherapy as "unscientific," empirical, and intuititive ("feminine").
Intrahospital Mortality at Internal Patients
Authors: Fahir Barakovic, Midhat Tabakovic, Denijal Tulumovic, Zumreta Kusljugic, Elnur Smajic, Edin Jasarevic, Majda Isabegovic, Larisa Dizdarevic Hudic, Ivana Iveljic, Irma Bijedic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hormones and the Metabolic Response to Injury
Authors: Hamish N. Munro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

It is now nearly 50 years since the metabolic response to injury was described by Sir David Cuthbertson,1 who happily still studies this interesting phenomenon. During the intervening half-century, including a World War and a progressive increase in civilian accident injuries, we continue to seek rational explanations and treatments for the loss of body protein that accompanies various traumatic incidents. This issue of the Journal contains an article by Allison and his colleagues, who find that patients with a severe catabolic response after trauma show a considerable reduction in urea production when large doses of insulin are given along with . . .
Fibromodulin as a novel tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which allows expansion of specific CD8+ autologous T lymphocytes
Authors: Christine Mayr, Dagmar Bund, Martin Schlee, Andreas Moosmann, David M. Kofler, Michael Hallek, Clemens-Martin Wendtner
Journal: Blood (2004)
Solvent Accessibility and Purifying Selection Within Proteins of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica
Authors: Carlos D. Bustamante, Jeffrey P. Townsend, Daniel L. Hartl
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

The neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that variation within species is inversely related to the strength of purifying selection, but the strength of purifying selection itself must be related to physical constraints imposed by protein folding and function. In this paper, we analyzed five enzymes for which polymorphic sequence variation within Escherichia coli and/or Salmonella enterica was available, along with a protein structure. Single and multivariate logistic regression models are presented that evaluate amino acid size, physicochemical properties, solvent accessibility, and secondary structure as predictors of polymorphism. A model that contains a positive coefficient of association between polymorphism and solvent accessibility and separate intercepts for each secondary-structure element is sufficient to explain the observed variation in polymorphism between sites. The model predicts an increase in the probability of amino acid polymorphism with increasing solvent accessibility for each protein regardless of physicochemical properties, secondary-structure element, or size of the amino acid. This result, when compared with the distribution of synonymous polymorphism, which shows no association with solvent accessibility, suggests a strong decrease in purifying selection with increasing solvent accessibility.
Hereditary benign telangiectasia: image analysis of hitherto unknown association with arteriovenous malformation.
Authors: Y. Onishi, K. Ohara, Y. Shikada, H. Satomi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We report 10 patients with hereditary benign telangiectasia (HBT), in whom the age ranged from 1 to 19 years (mean 7·5). The male/female ratio was 1 : 2·3 (3 : 7). Four patients (40%) had congenital lesions. Image analysis with Doppler echogram, angiography and thermography revealed an arterial component in the lesions, consistent with arteriovenous malformation (AVM). This is the first report of HBT in association with AVM.
Detection and Treatment of Hypertension at the Work Site
Authors: Michael H. Alderman, Ellie E. Schoenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A program linking detection to treatment was designed to improve blood-pressure control among adults with asymptomatic, uncomplicated hypertension. Key elements of this program were provision of all diagnostic and therapeutic services at work site, integration of delivery system with the administration of a labor union, adherence to a rigid protocol, and continuous patient surveillance by nurses and paraprofessionals. At the first program site, Gimbels's principal New York City department store, 84 per cent of 1850 employees were screened, and 65 per cent of 186 with confirmed hypertension elected the treatment program. Of the 94 patients followed for one year, 97 per cent remained under therapy, with no untoward effect, and 81 per cent of patients had satisfactory blood-pressure reduction. This approach appears to be a safe, effective, and acceptable method for hypertension control in large numbers of patients. (N Engl J Med 293:65–68, 1975)
Elevated levels of soluble ICAM-1 in serum of patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yasuhiro Maeda, Junichi Chihara, Fusanari Horiuchi, Jun-ichi Miyatake, Yoichi Tatsumi, Fumiaki Urase, Kiyohiro Irimajiri, Shigenori Nakajima, Atsushi Horiuchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Serum soluble ICAM-1 concentrations were measured in 10 patients with or without chronic graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The serum soluble ICAM-1 levels in the patients with chronic GVHD were significantly higher than that in the patients without chronic GVHD. The data indicated that serum soluble ICAM-1 is a useful parameter for predicting chronic GVHD. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of an increase in excise duty on alcohol consumption and its adverse effects.
Authors: R E Kendell, M de Roumanie, E B Ritson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The excise duty on alcoholic beverages was increased in March 1981, causing the cost of alcohol to rise faster than other prices for the first time in 30 years. For this reason 463 "regular drinkers" in the Lothian region whose drinking habits had been established in 1978-9 were reinterviewed in 1981-2. Overall, their alcohol consumption had fallen by 18% and associated adverse effects by 16%. Heavy drinkers and suspected dependent drinkers both reduced their consumption at least as much as light or moderate drinkers and suffered considerably fewer adverse effects as a result. Increasing the excise duty on alcoholic beverages can therefore be an effective public health measure. Factors related to rising unemployment were responsible for about 20% of the overall reduction in consumption.
Cytokine regulation of a rodent model of mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity.
Authors: L M Bagenstose, P Salgame, M Monestier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Experimental models of chemically induced autoimmunity have contributed to our understanding of the development of autoimmune diseases in humans. Heavy metals such as mercury induce a dramatic activation of the immune system and autoantibody production in genetically susceptible rats and mice. This autoimmune syndrome is dependent on T cells, which are important for B-cell activation and cytokine secretion. Several studies have focused on the roles of T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells and their respective cytokines in the pathogenesis of mercury-induced disease. This article reviews recent studies that have examined the patterns of cytokine gene expression and where investigators have manipulated the Th1 and Th2 responses that occur during mercury-induced autoimmunity. Finally, we will discuss some biochemical/molecular mechanisms by which heavy metals may induce cytokine gene expression.
Postpneumonectomy Bronchopleural Fistula Imaged by Ventilation Lung Scanning
Authors: D MOOTE, L EHRLICH, R H MARTIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

An example of bronchopleural fistula occurring subsequent to pneumonectomy is presented. Uptake of inhaled Tc-99m DTPA aerosol on the side of pneumonectomy allows detection of this important postoperative complication.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a potential candidate gene for nonsyndromic atrioventricular septal defect on 1p31-1p21
Authors: Yong Zhao, Xianmin Meng, Huiqing Cao, Liguo Mi, Yingjie Wei, Choong-Chin Liew, Jinfeng Ding
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Selected Features of the Clinical Course of Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Stephen M. Krane
Journal: JAMA (1961)

INFORMATION concerning the function of every endocrine organ has been obtained by ablation experiments and study of the deficiency state. The parathyroids are no exception, since much of our knowledge of calcium and phosphorus metabolism has resulted from the study of patients with parathyroid deficiency. The purpose of this presentation is to review our clinical experience with hypoparathyroidism as it pertains to parathyroid function in man. Several excellent general reviews of hypoparathyroidism with detailed analysis of case reports have been published<sup>1-3</sup>since the major features were so concisely formulated by Dr. Fuller Albright and his associates.<sup>4</sup> The criteria for the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism are as follows: (1) low serum calcium and high serum phosphate levels usually associated with low urinary calcium excretion, (2) normal renal function, (3) no defect in intestinal absorption, (4) absence of rickets, and (5) chronic tetany.<sup>5</sup>However, these criteria are not absolute. For
Treatment of Caustic Burns of the Esophagus
Authors: William W. Cleveland
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN 1958 we reported an experience with the use of adrenocorticosteroids in the treatment of 23 children who had ingested lye.<sup>1</sup>No definite conclusions could be reached regarding the efficacy of such therapy but the results were sufficiently encouraging to warrant further extension of this study. It also became apparent that the use of early esophagoscopy would be helpful to determine the presence of esophageal burns, and a limited experience with this technique was not found to be harmful. It therefore was decided to extend the study by performing esophagoscopy as soon after admission as practical and to give a full course of treatment only to those patients with esophageal burns. The purpose of this report is to present the results of continuation of this study. A total of 99 patients have had treatment based on early esophagoscopy and 31 have been managed without this procedure, bringing the total