tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polyspecific snake antivenom may help in antivenom crisis
Authors: G D Laing
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor-We, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database Research Team, agree with Smith that economic evaluations should contain comprehensive reporting of both clinical effectiveness and economic analysis and that the BMJ is right to implement this new policy. 1How the clinical trial results (which inform the economic evaluation) are obtained is often paramount to the understanding and quality of the economic analysis conducted. 2 Research reports are included and abstracted in full on the NHS Economic Evaluation Database (www.york.ac.uk/inst/ crd)-if they explicitly report costs and clinical outcomes for an intervention and at least one comparator. 3However, to critique the method adopted in the effectiveness study underpinning the economic evaluation appropriately, our template requires information that is often omitted in the report of the economic evaluation.When the parent clinical study has been previously published elsewhere, we obtain the study and use that alongside the economic research when writing the abstract.The abstract on the database then provides information on sample selection, study design, method of analysis, and so on, with the fact that the relevant information is cited from the parent study.Adhering to published guidelines, such as those provided by the BMJ, 4 should produce publications of the highest quality, but authors are still likely to feel the need to be selective in their reporting, given word limits.If authors are required to report more effectiveness data other crucial aspects of the economic evaluation might receive less attention.The focus for BMJ editors should be to ensure that reporting of both important components of economic evaluations receives appropriate attention from the authors.If the policy results in full reporting of both clinical and economic results in one place-for example, two papers in one issue of the journal-this will constitute an improvement.If, however, the new policy results in the combination of clinical and economic results in one short paper, this may be a step backwards.
Psychoneuroimmunology: Can the Brain and Immune System Communicate?
Authors: F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Psychoneuroimmunology: Can the Brain and Immune System Communicate? Get access Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 9, 2 May 1990, Pages 738–739, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.9.738 Published: 02 May 1990
Retinal strokes. I. Incidence of carotid atheromata
Authors: C. R. Kollarits
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Seventy patients with retinal strokes were seen from August 1969 to March 1972. Fifty-three of these patients had a clinical picture suggestive of retinal artery occlusion due to emboli from atheromatous disease of the carotid bifurcation. Carotid arteriograms were performed in 45 of these patients. Carotid bifurcation atheromata were demonstrated as the probable source of emboli in 43 of the 45 patients (96%).  Review of a series of 100 consecutive carotid arteriograms performed in hospital patients 60 years of age or older demonstrated an overall incidence of similar carotid atheromatous disease in only 24%. The striking incidence of carotid lesions in patients with retinal stroke syndromes suggests that most retinal strokes are caused by embolization from carotid bifurcation atheromata.
More help for the morbidly obese: gastric stapling
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Gastric stapling, the newest development in the treatment of morbid obesity, promises to achieve substantial weight loss while avoiding the Pandora's box of complications now associated with intestinal and gastric bypass surgery. After 15 months and 30 patients, surgeons at the Ohio State University Hospital in Columbus report that no complications have arisen from the radical new procedure. "It is still too early to tell," cautioned William Pace, MD, professor of surgery at Ohio State, "but we believe that gastric stapling may be a considerable improvement over other surgical treatments now used for morbid obesity." Gastric stapling employs an automatic suture device manufactured by US Surgical Corporation that simultaneously implants a double row of staples across the top part of the stomach. Three staples are removed from the center of the device before implantation, leaving a small opening for food to pass through into the intestinal tract. Usually, a 50-cc
Whole Blood Cells Loaded with Messenger RNA as an Anti‐Tumor Vaccine
Authors: Kyle K. L. Phua, David Boczkowski, Jens Dannull, Scott Pruitt, Kam W. Leong, Smita K. Nair
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The use of a cell-based vaccine composed of autologous whole blood cells loaded with mRNA is described. Mice immunized with whole blood cells loaded with mRNA encoding antigen develop anti-tumor immunity comparable to DC-RNA immunization. This approach offers a simple and affordable alternative to RNA-based cellular therapy by circumventing complex, laborious and expensive ex vivo manipulations required for DC-based immunizations. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A breathing filter exchanging heat and moisture prevents asthma induced by cold air
Authors: E Millqvist, B Bake, U Bengtsson, O. Löwhagen
Journal: Allergy (1995)

In order to devise a protective aid against bronchial obstruction induced by cold air, we have tested a breathing filter with heat and moisture exchanging properties. Nine asthma patients, who all had a history of cold‐induced asthma, took part in exercise tests on an ergometer bicycle at a temperature of approximately −10deg;C, without and with a breathing filter. Without a breathing filter, the maximum reduction in FEV 1 was, on average, 36%. With the breathing filter, the maximum reduction in FEV 1 was, on average, 11%. The difference was clearly significant ( P &lt; 0.001). A further five cold‐sensitive asthmatics performed similar exercise tests at −10°C on three occasions: 1) without and 2) with a breathing filter as above, and 3) with two breathing filters connected in parallel: one for inspiration and the other for expiration. Thus, no heat‐moisture exchange could take place. The fall in FEV 1 after provocation without a breathing filter and with parallel breathing filters was similar but attenuated when rebreathing took place through the breathing filter. The results confirm the theory that in cold/exercise‐induced asthma, it is indeed the heat and or water loss from the airways that triggers airway narrowing, and that a heat and moisture exchanging filter has a considerable protective effect and can be of value in the treatment of asthma.
O7.02 * RADIOSURGERY AND BRAIN METASTASES: ADEQUATE SEQUENCE OF BRAIN MRI CAN SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGE THE INTRACRANIAL DISEASE STAGING
Authors: S. Scoccianti, D. Greto, L. Bordi, P. Bono, G. Pecchioli, M. Casati, E. Vanzi, A. Compagnucci, D. Gadda, L. Livi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Accurate assessment of the exact number of brain metastases is of utmost importance in the decision-making process for the appropriate treatment. The diagnostic efficacy in the detection of additional brain metastases of a double dose contrast three-dimensional, T1-Weighted Gradient-Echo Imaging was evaluated. METHODS: Before undergoing radiosurgical treatment, patients underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to be used during the treatment planning in order to contour the targets and to locate the brain lesions as they relate to the stereotactic frame. All the patients underwent a post-contrast study with T1-weighted, 3D Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echo (MP RAGE) sequence. We used a double dose of gadobenate dimeglumine and slice thickness of 0.9 mm. RESULTS: Starting from October 2012 to February 2014, we treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) 62 patients with brain metastases. On the diagnostic MRI, all the patients had a number of lesions ≤4. Median time interval between diagnostic MRI scan and the day of GKRS was 11 days (range 5-20) A total of 54 additional lesions were detected on MR imaging performed in the same day of the GKRS in twenty-two patients out of 62 (35.5%). A median number of 2 additional lesions were detected (range 1-8). Among these 22 patients only 14 patients had a number of lesions ≤4 on the day of treatment. Patients with a total number of lesions ≤10 were treated with GKRS. Two patients with a total number of lesions > 10 were treated with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). CONCLUSIONS: A double-contrast study with T1-weighted, volumetric MPRAGE sequence may offer better staging for patients with brain metastases. In our opinion, it should be recommended in all the patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases because the detection of the real number of lesions is crucial for an adequate treatment and it also may lead to choose different therapeutic strategies.
Proposal for a new histological grading system for post-treatment evaluation of gastric MALT lymphoma
Authors: C Copie-Bergman
Journal: Gut (2003)

Gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) development is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori infection cases.1 The majority of stage IE GML regress following H pylori eradication but assessing cure of the disease requires prolonged follow up. Residual lymphoid infiltrate in post-treatment gastric biopsies can be very difficult to interpret and histological criteria for the diagnosis of minimal residual disease or complete remission are not clearly defined. Molecular follow up by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region shows that persistent monoclonal bands is observed in 44% of cases showing apparent complete histological remission.2 The significance of ongoing PCR monoclonality in the absence of histological disease is still under investigation.

Thus histological evaluation of gastric biopsies remains the cornerstone …
THE NEED FOR POSTMORTEM EXAMINATIONS AND METHODS OF SECURING THEM
Authors: E. B. KRUMBHAAR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The value of postmortem examinations, both as a means of advancing our knowledge of disease and as a necessary step in the complete study of a case, is widely recognized even in these antimorphologic days when the study of function is put at such a premium over the study of structure. What a common occurrence it is for a medical man of any hospital experience to lose the fruits of a most painstaking and alluring clinical study by the inability to secure from an ignorant or misguided relative the necessary necropsy permission, While this state of affairs is bound more or less to continue as long as the right to make such an examination depends on the volition of the next of kin, nevertheless, those sufficiently interested can do much to increase materially the number of permissions granted. The high necropsy percentages secured at the Mayo Clinic (95 per cent,
Stimulation of contraction of pregnant rat uterus in vitro by non-dechlorinated and microbially dechlorinated mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls.
Authors: J Bae, M A Mousa, J F Quensen, S A Boyd, R Loch-Caruso
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A previous study of six polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners showed that PCBs with four or fewer chlorines and ortho substitution stimulate uterine contraction frequency in vitro, whereas congeners with a greater number of chlorines or non-ortho substitution are inactive in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that PCB mixtures stimulate uterine contractions in a manner inversely related to the degree of chlorination and the presence of chlorines in the ortho- position of the biphenyl constituents of the mixtures. Uterine strips from pregnant rats were suspended in standard muscle baths and analyzed for changes in isometric contractions in response to in vitro exposure to commercial PCB mixtures (Aroclors) and their dechlorinated products after microbial degradation. The PCB mixtures Aroclor 1242, 1248, and 1254 significantly stimulated uterine contraction frequency, and the least chlorinated mixture, Aroclor 1242, was the most potent stimulant. Microbes from Hudson River sediment dechlorinated Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1254 under reducing conditions to produce mixtures with an increased proportion of ortho-substituted congeners with one or two chlorine substitutions. The PCB mixtures that had undergone microbial reductive dechlorination stimulated uterine contraction frequency to a significantly greater extent than the parent mixtures. These results show that increased uterotonic activity was associated with decreased chlorination and increased ortho substitution of the biphenyl constituents of the mixtures.
The Safety of Metoclopramide Use in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Ilan Matok, Rafael Gorodischer, Gideon Koren, Eyal Sheiner, Arnon Wiznitzer, Amalia Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In various countries, metoclopramide is the antiemetic drug of choice in pregnant women, but insufficient information exists regarding its safety in pregnancy.We investigated the safety of metoclopramide use during the first trimester of pregnancy by linking a computerized database of medications dispensed between January 1, 1998, and March 31, 2007, to all women registered in the Clalit Health Services, southern district of Israel, with computerized databases containing maternal and infant hospital records from the district hospital during the same period. We assessed associations between the use of metoclopramide in pregnancy and adverse outcomes for the fetus, adjusting for parity, maternal age, ethnic group, presence or absence of maternal diabetes, smoking status, and presence or absence of peripartum fever.There were 113,612 singleton births during the study period. A total of 81,703 of the infants (71.9%) were born to women registered in Clalit Health Services; 3458 of them (4.2%) were exposed to metoclopramide during the first trimester of pregnancy. Exposure to metoclopramide, as compared with no exposure to the drug, was not associated with significantly increased risks of major congenital malformations (5.3% and 4.9%, respectively; odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.21), low birth weight (8.5% and 8.3%; odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.14), preterm delivery (6.3% and 5.9%; odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.34), or perinatal death (1.5% and 2.2%; odds ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.38). The results were materially unchanged when therapeutic abortions of exposed and unexposed fetuses were included in the analysis.In this large cohort of infants, exposure to metoclopramide in the first trimester was not associated with significantly increased risks of any of several adverse outcomes. These findings provide reassurance regarding the safety of metoclopramide for the fetus when the drug is given to women to relieve nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
Prevention of Gallstones during Weight Reduction
Authors: Todd Kaye
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 March 1996Prevention of Gallstones during Weight ReductionTodd Kaye, MDTodd Kaye, MDLahey Clinic Burlington, MA 01805Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-5-199603010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Shiffman and colleagues [1] have shown that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is effective in preventing gallstone formation in patients receiving a very-low-calorie diet. The reported incidence of gallstone formation in patients receiving placebo (28%) is similar to that noted in other reports [2]. However, most gallstones that form while patients are receiving a very-low-calorie diet are asymptomatic. The highest reported incidence of symptomatic gallstones causing cholecystitis is 6% [2], and the largest study that reported such data [3] showed only one case of symptomatic gallstones among 517 patients receiving a very-low-calorie diet and only one other case requiring ...References1. Shiffman ML, Kaplan GD, Brinkman-Kaplan V, Vickers FF. Prophylaxis against gallstone formation with ursodeoxycholic acid in patients participating in a very-low-calorie diet program. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:899-905. Google Scholar2. Liddle RA, Goldstein RB, Saxton J. Gallstone formation during weight-reduction dieting. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 149:1750-3. Google Scholar3. Wadden TA, Foster GD, Letizia KA, Stunkard AJ. A multicenter evaluation of proprietary weight reduction program for the treatment of marked obesity. Arch Intern Med. 1992; 152:961-6. Google Scholar4. Anderson JW, Hamilton CC, Brinkman-Kaplan V. Benefits and risks of an intensive very-low-calorie diet program for severe obesity. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992; 87:6-15. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Todd Kaye, MDAffiliations: Lahey Clinic Burlington, MA 01805 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEpidemiological features of the course of non-tumor mechanical jaundice (comparative clinical and statistical review) 1 March 1996Volume 124, Issue 5Page: 532-533KeywordsCholecystectomyDietHealth careResearch designWeight loss ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
IMIPRAMINE-PROMAZINE THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION
Authors: BENJAMIN POLLACK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Imipramine-promazine therapy resulted in an overall good clinical response in 80% of a group of patients with depressive syndromes. Response of symptoms of anxiety alone was over 90%. Patients were treated privately, and received intensive psychotherapy which included other members of the family. Most patients were very comfortable on the mixture. Serious side effects were few and blood pressure changes were minimal. Additional dosage of phenothiazine was necessary in some cases, especially at night, to induce sleep. The Imipramine-promazine combination appears to be highly effective, and would seem to be particularly useful in this new capsule form for the general practitioner and in outpatient clinics.
Minimal hydrolysis of epidermal growth factor by gastric fluid of preterm infants.
Authors: J R Britton, C George-Nascimento, J N Udall, O Koldovsky
Journal: Gut (1989)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), present in high concentrations in milk, may play a role in growth of the gastrointestinal tract. Resistance to proteolytic degradation in the stomach is necessary if ingested EGF is to function within the gastrointestinal tract. Although EGF stability to low pH and proteases predicts gastric survival, the extent of digestion in the stomach remains to be defined. Consequently, we measured gastric degradation of 125I-human recombinant EGF in preterm infants with an in vitro method in which EGF was incubated at 37 degrees C with stomach fluid at pH 1.8, 3.2, and 5.8 followed by analysis of degradation products. As maximal acid proteolytic activity is present one hour after feeding in preterm infants, fluid was obtained at that time from 18 infants with a mean gestational age at birth of 30.4 (3.0) (SD) weeks and a postnatal age of 26.3 (12.7) days at sampling. Incubations for up to 60 minutes revealed minimal loss of trichloroacetic acid precipitable radioactivity, in contrast to the substantial hydrolysis of iodinated casein which occurred under the same conditions. Chromatography of reaction mixtures on Sephadex G-25 showed a single major peak of radioactivity which coeluted with EGF. Epidermal growth factor also retained greater than 75% of its ability to bind to anti-EGF affinity columns and placental membrane receptors after incubation with gastric fluid. These data support the concept of substantial gastric survival of ingested EGF in a potentially biologically active form in preterm infants.
Is There an Exceedingly Small Risk Associated with Oral Poliovirus Vaccine?
Authors: Albert B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE DEC 19, 1962, statement of the Surgeon General of the US Public Health Service that "communities planning immunization campaigns against poliomyelitis are urged to move ahead, using all three types of Sabin oral vaccine with particular emphasis on children and young adults" was associated with the following comment of his advisory committee: "Because the need for immunization diminishes with advancing age and because<i>potential risks</i>of vaccine are<i>believed by some</i>to exist in adults, especially above the age of 30, vaccination should be used for adults only with the full recognition of its very small risk." Based on the estimated use of approximately 31 million doses of type I, 19 million of type II, and 15 million of type III in nonepidemic areas of the USA in 1962, it was stated that the "<i>maximum potential</i>risk for Types I and III is of the order of<i>one</i>
TCT-560 Impact of Intra-Procedural Coronary No Reflow on 2 year Clinical Outcomes following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents
Authors: Amro Elnagar, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Sung Il Im, Sun Won Kim, Jin Oh Na, Seong Woo Han, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)