tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determinants of smooth muscle injury during balloon angioplasty.
Authors: T A Fischell, G Grant, D E Johnson
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To study the determinants of smooth muscle injury during balloon angioplasty, we conducted a series of experiments to examine the effects of degree of arterial stretching, duration of balloon inflation, and arterial precontraction on smooth muscle injury after balloon angioplasty in isolated, perfused whole-vessel segments of rabbit aortas and dog carotid arteries. Freshly dissected rabbit thoracic aortas and dog carotid arteries were mounted in a muscle bath-perfusion chamber and perfused at 80 mm Hg. The proximal half of each aorta was dilated with a 5-mm (41 +/- 6% stretch), 6-mm (64 +/- 6% stretch), or 8-mm (97 +/- 9% stretch) balloon angioplasty catheter, and the uninjured half of each vessel served as the control. The vasoconstrictor behavior of the dilated segment was then assessed by dose-response testing; long-axis, ultrasonic imaging combined with computerized edge-detection image processing was used to measure changes in segmental internal vessel diameters that were induced by phenylephrine. A similar series of experiments was performed in dog carotid arteries with 5-mm balloon catheters (42 +/- 2% stretch) to compare the susceptibility to smooth muscle injury between elastic (aortic) and muscular (carotid) arteries. Additional experiments were performed to determine the roles of prolonged (30 minutes) balloon inflation and arterial precontraction on smooth muscle injury after balloon angioplasty. In rabbit aortas, the dilated arterial segments demonstrated normal reactivity to phenylephrine after dilatation with 5- and 6-mm balloons (p = NS versus control). Severe smooth muscle injury (histopathologically) with "arterial paralysis" was observed after severe stretch (8-mm balloon) and after 5-mm balloon dilatation (46 +/- 5% stretch) in precontracted vessels. Prolonged balloon inflations did not impair aortic vasoconstrictor behavior. Dog carotid (muscular) arteries demonstrated angioplasty-induced smooth muscle injury with less severe degrees of stretch (47-52% stretch). Geometric modeling suggests that medial stretching during balloon angioplasty of diseased vessels in vivo is in the range of 15-41%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
India-EU free trade agreement threatens access to generic drugs, MSF warns
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A free trade agreement being negotiated between India and the European Union could radically restrict access to cheap generic drugs across the developing world, says the charity Medecins Sans Frontieres.

The charity held a press conference in Brussels this week to warn of the dangers presented to the supply of generic drugs by provisions on intellectual property rights being discussed at a closed meeting at the European Union.

MSF points out that India is the source of 80% of the antiretrovirals it uses in its projects and maintains that “without quality affordable medicines from Indian sources, it would have been impossible to scale up treatment to the levels seen today, and millions of lives would not have been saved.”

It says …
Immediate postoperative aspirin improves vein graft patency early and late after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A placebo-controlled, randomized study.
Authors: T P Gavaghan, V Gebski, D W Baron
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The efficacy of aspirin for prevention of thrombotic graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) depends both on the dosage and time window of administration. Early and late graft patency were therefore assessed in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin, 324 mg daily, given within 1 hour of CABG. METHODS AND RESULTS Angiographic graft patency was determined at 1 week (231 patients) and 1 year (219 patients) after CABG. The early vein graft occlusion rate was 1.6% on aspirin and 6.2% on placebo (p = 0.004), and late graft occlusion rate was 5.8% on continued aspirin and 11.6% on placebo (p = 0.01). New graft occlusion between 1 week and 1 year was less common in patients on aspirin than on placebo (4.3% versus 7.4%, p = 0.013). The protective effect of aspirin against occlusion persisted in most subgroups of graft type, graft flow, diameter of recipient artery, location of grafted artery, and endarterectomy. Mean chest tube blood loss for the first 24 hours was 571 ml for the aspirin group and 563 ml for the placebo group. Red cell transfusion requirements were 902 ml in the aspirin group and 934 ml in the placebo group (p = NS). The reoperation rate was 4.8% in the aspirin group and 1% in the placebo group (p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Immediate postoperative administration of aspirin (324 mg) improves early graft patency and, with continued usage, protects against further occlusion up to 1 year after CABG. Postoperative blood loss was similar in the two groups; however, aspirin was associated with a nonsignificant higher rate of reoperation.
Early Involvement of Hepatic Parenchymal Cells in Erythrohepatic Protoporphyria? An Ultrastructural Study of Patients With and Without Overt Liver Disease and the Effect of Chenodeoxycholic Acid Treatement
Authors: Louk H.P.M. Raedemakers, Maud I. Cleton, Carole Kooliman, Harold Baart de La Fajlle, Jan van Hattum
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Liver biopsy specimens obtained from two groups of erythrohepatic protoporphyria patients were studied histopathologically and ultrastructurally. Group 1 comprised seven erythrohepatic protoporphyria patients with a normal liver histology; from two patients liver biopsy specimens were available before and after 1 yr of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment. Group 2 consisted of four patients with a history of liver disease and liver histopathology; three patients were observed before and after 1 yr of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment. Liver specimens of nine kidney transplant donors served as controls. Unlike the morphology at the light microscopic level, the ultrastructure of hepatic parenchymal cells was affected in both groups of erythrohepatic protoporphyria patients. In both groups the nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, lateral plasma membranes and bile canaliculi were altered. Collagen fibers were frequently present. In addition, in group 2 bile thrombi and intracytoplasmic protoporphyrin crystals were observed. After chenodeoxycholic acid administration, the latter feature had diminished. It is concluded that (a) in erythrohepatic protoporphyria ultrastructural changes are present in the hepatic parenchymal cells even in early stages of the discase. Changes in bile canalicular ultrstructure suggest a defective hepatic excretory function, probably caused by the toxic effect of protoporphyrin. (b) Chenodeoxycholic acid administration causes no distinct improvement of the ultrastructure of organelles in the hepatic parenchymal cell or the bile canalicular system but may decrease crystalline protoporphyrin deposition in the liver.(Hepatology 1990;11:449-457.)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CORRECTION OF DEFORMITIES OF LONG STANDING
Authors: ARMITAGE WHITMAN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

There has always been a difference of opinion with regard to the treatment of severe paralysis following anterior poliomyelitis. One group has contended that locomotion with braces and crutches was too difficult and painful to be of any advantage to the patient. It has maintained that such patients are dependent anyway, to the extent that they need assistance to get into their braces; and, such being the case, they might as well be allowed to sit about in peace with no attempt made to prevent the inevitable development of flexion contractions at the hips and knees. Other surgeons take the view that deformity should be prevented as a matter of routine, and that deformity already existing should be corrected. They insist that a certain amount of independence is of great value, both practical and psychologic, to any patient, and that the possession of the power of independent locomotion, even if
Ultrastructural studies on two cases of porokeratosis of Mibelli
Authors: PATRICIA R. MANN, D.F. CORT, E.A. FAIRBURN, A. ABDEL-AZIZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Ultrastructural studies on two cases of porokeratosis of Mibelli Get access PATRICIA R. MANN, PATRICIA R. MANN MRC Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, The University, Birmingham 15, and the United Birmingham Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.F. CORT, D.F. CORT MRC Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, The University, Birmingham 15, and the United Birmingham Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A. FAIRBURN, E.A. FAIRBURN MRC Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, The University, Birmingham 15, and the United Birmingham Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. ABDEL‐AZIZ A. ABDEL‐AZIZ MRC Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, The University, Birmingham 15, and the United Birmingham Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 90, Issue 6, 1 June 1974, Pages 607–617, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06688.x Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Accepted: 31 August 1973 Published: 01 June 1974
GHDonline.org: an innovative technology to leverage the wisdom of the crowds and improve global health delivery
Authors: Rebecca L Weintraub, Aaron Beals, Sophie Beauvais, Marie Connelly, Aaron VanDerlip
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundIn 2008, the Global Health Delivery Project at Harvard University launched an online platform to generate and disseminate knowledge in health-care delivery. We borrowed a common instrument from business—professional virtual communities—used for knowledge management and exchange across multiple organisations, industries, and geographies. We adapted the concept for health care to leverage the wisdom of the crowds and create a rapid, practical means for diverse professionals to share insights and tactics.MethodsA team of engineers, implementers, and providers built a lightweight platform, accounting for the reality of sporadic electricity service or restricted internet bandwidth in resource-limited settings and launched GHDonline in June, 2008. To foster reliability and engagement, the communities were led by expert moderators, discussions were open to all, and there was no anonymous posting.FindingsEven with early successes—membership growth and daily postings to communities—user feedback and analytics encouraged the team to iterate on GHDonline. Nuanced and in-depth conversations in the communities were turned into discussion briefs—summaries of the conversations reviewed by experts. GHDonline launched new public communities based on the most pressing concerns in the specialty, and organised more than 40 virtual expert panels. As of February, 2014, GHDonline hosted more than 11 000 members across 180 countries, in 12 public and 86 private communities. GHDonline is now expanding its offering to launch GHDonline communities for US-based practitioners.InterpretationThe increased use of GHDonline by health-care implementers suggests that professional virtual communities can be a valuable instrument to disseminate best practices, support collaboration between colleagues, and improve care delivery.FundingAbundance Foundation.
Career progression and destinations, comparing men and women in the NHS: postal questionnaire surveys
Authors: K. S Taylor, T. W Lambert, M. J Goldacre
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To study the career progression of NHS doctors, comparing men and women. <b>Design</b> Postal questionnaire surveys. <b>Participants and setting</b> Graduates of 1977, 1988, and 1993 from all UK medical schools. <b>Results</b> The response rate was 68% (7012/10 344). Within general practice, 97% (1208/1243) of men, 99% (264/267) of women who had always worked full time throughout their career, and 87% (1083/1248) of all women were principals. Median times from qualification to principal status were 5.8 (95% confidence interval 5.6 to 6.0) years for men, 5.6 (5.4 to 5.8) years for women who had worked full time during training, and 6.8 (6.5 to 7.0) years for all women. Of the 1977 and 1988 graduates in hospital practice, 96% (1293/1347) of men were consultants, compared with 92% (276/299) of women who had always worked full time throughout their career and 67% (277/416) of women who had not. Median time to first consultant post was 11.7 (11.5 to 11.9) years for men, 11.3 (11.0 to 11.6) years for women who worked full time during training, and 12.3 (12.0 to 12.6) years for all women. Women who had not always worked full time throughout their career were over-represented in general practice and under-represented in most hospital specialties, substantially so in the surgical specialties and anaesthetics. Women who had always worked full time were under-represented not only in the surgical specialties but also in general practice. <b>Conclusions</b> Women not progressing as far and as fast as men was, generally, a reflection of not having always worked full time rather than their sex. The findings suggest that women do not generally encounter direct discrimination; however, the possibility that indirect discrimination, such as lack of opportunities for part time work, has influenced choice of specialty cannot be ruled out.
Inheritance of immunoglobulin M rheumatoid-factor idiotypes.
Authors: J L Pasquali, S Fong, C Tsoukas, J H Vaughan, D A Carson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The idiotypic determinants on IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) from a single family have been analyzed. Rabbit Fab'2 antiidiotypic antibody was prepared against purified IgM-RF from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. As measured by radioimmunoassay, the antiidiotype reacted with at least 90% of the patient's RF, but not with non-RF immunoglobulins from the same serum, nor with 10 of 11 polyclonal and monoclonal RF from unrelated individuals. Cross-reacting idiotypes were detected on RF in four of the patients' first degree relatives, spanning three generations, without apparent relation of HLA type or clinical rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that IgM-RF associated idiotypes were inherited in this family.
Periodic Medical Review: Assessing the Quality and Appropriateness of Care in Skilled-Nursing Facilities
Authors: Kathleen Connelly, Philip K. Cohen, Diana Chapman Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Mandated by Congress in 1969,1 Periodic Medical Review (PMR) is a state-run program of external peer review of the care rendered Medicaid-supported patients in skilled-nursing facilities (SNF). In Massachusetts the Department administers PMR on behalf of the Department of Public Welfare, which is the State Medicaid agency.Based upon observations of patients in the facility and analysis of patients' records, the reviews are performed by three teams, each including two registered nurses, a physician and a social worker. The objectives are to appraise the quality of the care rendered and to assess whether patients are appropriately placed* so that remedial . . .
Pain Relief during Labor
Authors: William Camann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The pain of childbirth is arguably one of the most severe types of pain a woman will endure in her lifetime. Relief of the pain of childbirth has always been controversial. Misinterpretations of biblical scripture ("In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children") resulted in centuries of denial of pain relief, as clergy insisted that suffering in labor was consistent with divine intent.1 Fifteenth-century midwives were burned at the stake for offering pain relief during labor.2 The modern era of anesthetics began with the first demonstration of inhalational anesthesia during surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1846; a few months . . .
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THE DIET IN POPULATIONS DIFFERING IN SERUM CHOLESTEROL 1
Authors: Ancel Keys, Joseph T. Anderson, Mario Aresu, Gunnar Biörck, John F. Brock, B. Bronte-Stewart, Flaminio Fidanza, Margaret Haney Keys, Haqvin Malmros, Arrigo Poppi, Teodoro Posteli, Bengt Swahn, Alfonso del Vecchio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

Previously we have reported that samples of men from various populations differ in the average concentration of cholesterol in the blood serum so that, in general, the cholesterol level tends to be di- rectly related to the proportion of the total calories provided by fats in the habitual diet of the popu- lation (1-6).Differences in the cholesterol con- tent of these diets cannot account for the differences in the serum ( 7).These observations are confirmed by other re- cent studies ( 8), but the question has been asked as to whether differences in habitual physical ac- tivity could not account for the findings.The sug- gestion has been made that "a large muscle mass or a large energy expenditure is the effective agent and that this, not the diet, is the important element in preventing hyperlipemia" (8, p. 1010).In some areas it is easy to show that the more prosperous men, who are usually less active physically than the rest of the local population, tend to have higher cholesterol values than men represent- ing the rest of the community.We found this to 1 The collection and analysis of the data cited here
Therapeutic efficacy of a polymeric micellar doxorubicin infused by convection-enhanced delivery against intracranial 9L brain tumor models
Authors: Tomoo Inoue, Yoji Yamashita, Masamichi Nishihara, Shinichiro Sugiyama, Yukihiko Sonoda, Toshihiro Kumabe, Masayuki Yokoyama, Teiji Tominaga
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) with various drug carrier systems has recently emerged as a novel chemotherapeutic method to overcome the problems of current chemotherapies against brain tumors. Polymeric micelle systems have exhibited dramatically higher in vivo antitumor activity in systemic administration. This study investigated the effectiveness of CED with polymeric micellar doxorubicin (DOX) in a 9L syngeneic rat model. Distribution, toxicity, and efficacy of free, liposomal, and micellar DOX infused by CED were evaluated. Micellar DOX achieved much wider distribution in brain tumor tissue and surrounding normal brain tissue than free DOX. Tissue toxicity increased at higher doses, but rats treated with micellar DOX showed no abnormal neurological symptoms at any dose tested (0.1-1.0 mg/ml). Micellar DOX infused by CED resulted in prolonged median survival (36 days) compared with free DOX (19.6 days; p = 0.0173) and liposomal DOX (16.6 days; p = 0.0007) at the same dose (0.2 mg/ml). This study indicates the potential of CED with the polymeric micelle drug carrier system for the treatment of brain tumors.
Durability of molecular remission in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib vs allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: T Lange, T Bumm, M Mueller, S Otto, H-K Al-Ali, L Grommisch, S Musiol, C Franke, R Krahl, D Niederwieser, M W N Deininger
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Travel industry should highlight malaria prophylaxis
Authors: E. Green, R. Bazaz, S. T Green
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Smith et al reported an increase in cases of imported malaria in the UK.1 We recently reviewed travel brochures from 27 British tour operators which featured holidays to malarious African countries.2 Of the 27, in only 12 did we find any mention of malaria or the advisability of malaria prophylaxis. Only four brochures …
Expression of HLA-DR antigens on bile duct epithelium in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Authors: R W Chapman, P M Kelly, A Heryet, D P Jewell, K A Fleming
Journal: Gut (1988)

The expression of HLA class I (HLA-A, B, C) and class II (HLA-DR) antigens on the biliary epithelium of 10 patients (nine men) with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was investigated using an immunoperoxidase technique on cryostat sections. Five patients were staged as grade II and five grade III on hepatic histology. None were cirrhotic. as grade II and five grade III on hepatic histology. None were cirrhotic. Controls were nine patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), five with extra hepatic biliary obstruction, 15 with other forms of chronic liver disease and six with normal livers. Bile ducts from the normal subjects and patients with chronic liver disease did not express HLA-DR antigens. In contrast, all 10 of the PSC biopsies showed varying degrees of HLA-DR staining of the biliary epithelium. Expression of DR antigens was also found on the bile ducts of all five patients with extra hepatic biliary obstruction and in six of nine patients with PBC. Expression of HLA class I antigens was seen on the biliary epithelium of all the biopsies examined. Increased numbers of helper and suppressor T-cells were seen in the portal tracts of all the PSC patients. This study has confirmed that aberrant expression of HLA-DR may occur on the biliary epithelium of some, but not all, patients with PBC. In addition, the study has shown that aberrant expression of HLA-DR always occurs in PCS at an early stage of histological liver damage. While this may be important in the pathogenesis of PSC, the aberrant expression in extra hepatic biliary obstruction suggests that it may be a secondary phenomenon.
Pneumatic Endoscopy of the Eustachian Tube
Authors: K. Yamashita
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

A new technique of endoscopy of the Eustachian tube has been developed using a flexible fiberscope provided with an instrument channel for insufflation of air to expand the tubal lumen. This method permits observation of the inside of the entire cartilaginous portion as far as the isthmus, and may be significant in evaluating the pathological conditions of tubal dysfunction in such cases as secretory otitis media, chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma, and the preoperative and postoperative states in tympanoplasty.
A distinct array of proinflammatory cytokines is expressed in human colon epithelial cells in response to bacterial invasion.
Authors: H C Jung, L Eckmann, S K Yang, A Panja, J Fierer, E Morzycka-Wroblewska, M F Kagnoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

strains of bacteria (Salmonella dublin, Shigella dysenteriae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, enteroinva- sive Escherichia coli) resulted in the coordinate expression and upregulation of a specific array of four proinflammatory cytokines, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-i, GM-CSF, and TNFa, as assessed by mRNA levels and cytokine secretion.Expression of the same cytokines was upregulated after TNFa or IL-1 stimulation of these cells.In contrast, cytokine gene expression was not altered after infection of colon epithelial cells with noninvasive bacteria or the nonin- vasive protozoan parasite, G. lamblia.Notably, none of the cell lines expressed mRNA for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL- 12p40, IFN-y, or significant levels of IL-1 or IL-1O in response to the identical stimuli.The coordinate expression of IL-8, MCP-1, GM-CSF and TNFa appears to be a general property of human colon epithelial cells since an identical array of cytokines, as well as IL-6, also was expressed by freshly isolated human colon epithelial cells.Since the cytokines expressed in response to bacterial invasion or other proinflammatory agonists have a well documented role in chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory cells, colon epi- thelial cells appear to be programmed to provide a set of signals for the activation of the mucosal inflammatory re- sponse in the earliest phases after microbial invasion.(J.
FALSE ACTIVATION OF CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION LABORATORY BY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PHYSICIANS IN THE SETTING OF ACUTE ST ELEVATION MI AND IMPLICATION ON DOOR-TO-BALLOON TIME
Authors: Saba Darda, Ayad Jazrawi, Michael Shaw, Franklin Hull, Marcel Zughaib, Wassim Nona, Shukri David
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)