tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: R.S. Berger, J.L. Fu, K.A. Smiles, C.B. Turner, B.M. Schnell, K.M. Werchowski, K.M. Lammers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Recent studies of antidandruff shampoos or tonics containing antifungal or antibacterial agents produced effects suggestive of a potential hair growth benefit. Objectives The purpose of this 6‐month, 200‐patient, randomized, investigator‐blinded, parallel‐group clinical study was to assess the hair growth benefits of a 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo. The efficacy of a 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo (used daily), was compared with that of a 5% minoxidil topical solution (applied twice daily), a placebo shampoo and a combination of the 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo and the 5% minoxidil topical solution. Methods Two hundred healthy men between the ages of 18 and 49 years (inclusive) exhibiting Hamilton–Norwood type III vertex or type IV baldness were enrolled. Total hair counts, the primary efficacy measure, were obtained using fibre‐optic microscopy and a computer‐assisted, manual hair count method. Secondary measures of efficacy included assessments of hair diameter, as well as patient and investigator global assessments of improvement in hair growth. These were based on photographs of the scalp using both midline and vertex views. Results Hair count results showed a significant (P < 0·05) net increase in total visible hair counts for the 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo, the 5% minoxidil topical solution, and the combination treatment groups relative to the placebo shampoo after 9 weeks of treatment. The relative increase in hair count for the 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo was slightly less than half that for the minoxidil topical solution and was essentially maintained throughout the 26‐week treatment period. No advantage was seen in using both the 5% minoxidil topical solution and the 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo. A small increase in hair diameter was observed for the minoxidil‐containing treatment groups at week 17. Assessments of global improvements by the patients and investigator generally showed the benefit of 5% minoxidil. The benefit of the 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo used alone tended (P < 0·1) to be apparent only to the investigator. Conclusions Hair count results show a modest and sustained improvement in hair growth with daily use of a 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo over a 26‐week treatment period.
Peyer's patch lymphoid follicle epithelial adherence of a rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (strain RDEC-1). Role of plasmid-mediated pili in initial adherence.
Authors: L R Inman, J R Cantey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Escherichia coli (strain RDEC-1) adheres to M cells of rabbit Peyer's patch lymphoid follicle epithelium. The RDEC-1 strain contains an 85 X 10(6) D plasmid that codes for pili, which, when purified, adhere to gut absorptive epithelium. This study compared the in vivo lymphoid follicle adherence of the RDEC-1 strain with that of a Shigella flexneri (ShD15) that contained the 85 X 10(6) D plasmid and expressed the RDEC-1 pili, a control E. coli, and a control S. flexneri (ShD12). The bacteria were given in a dose of 10(10) to 0.7-1.1 kg rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, and 12 h postinoculation. Peyer's patch tissue was examined by electronmicroscopy and direct fluorescence microscopy. The piliated ShD15 and RDEC-1 bacteria adhered in large numbers at 2 and 4 h postinoculation, but only the RDEC-1 strain persisted and increased in numbers past that time. Control strains did not adhere. The ShD15 strain adhered to and was rapidly taken into M cells, precipitating an acute inflammatory reaction within the follicle and adjacent lumen. Initial lymphoid follicle M cell adherence of the ShD15 strain was associated with the possession of the adherence pilus plasmid. The failure of the ShD15 strain to survive and colonize the lymph follicle epithelium contrasts with the success of the RDEC-1 strain and indicates that the RDEC-1 strain possesses virulence factors in addition to pili.
Australias detention policy puts refugees health at risk, says report
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Australia's detention policy puts refugees' health at risk, says report Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
LMI1195: A NEW 18F BENZYLGUANIDINE ANALOG FOR PET CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC NEURONAL IMAGING
Authors: Ming Yu, Mary Guaraldi, Jody Bozek, Melanie Lamoy, Paula Silva, Mikhail Kagan, David Onthank, Mahesh Mistry, Joel Lazewatsky, Matthias Broekema, Heike Radeke, Ajay Purohit, Michael Azure, Richard Cesati, David Casebier, Simon Robinson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Refractory Heart Failure
Authors: Robert H. Seller
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Patients with cardiac decompensation who fail to respond satisfactorily to routine therapeutic measures are generally categorized as having refractory heart failure. Among the multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms involved are disturbed myocardial function, diminished cardiac output, decreased renal hemodynamic functions, and aldosteronism.1  From a diagnostic standpoint, it should be remembered that obesity, phlebitis, anemia, and hypoproteinemia, as well as renal, pulmonary, and hepatic diseases, may closely resemble the cardinal signs and symptoms of cardiac failure. Therapeutically, it is noteworthy that patients with refractory heart failure not infrequently have associated conditions which, when corrected, result in improved cardiac status.2  Remediable Extracardiac Conditions  Remediable extracardiac conditions may include inadequate restriction of physical activity or salt intake, or both. Inadequate dosage of digitalis can also contribute to refractory heart failure. Although toxic reactions to digitalis are prone to develop in patients with severe cardiac decompensation, it may nonetheless be helpful to increase digitalis
THROMBOCYTOPENIA AFTER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH THE FREEDOM SOLO STENTLESS BIOPROSTHESIS: A PROPENSITY-MATCHED STUDY
Authors: Dan Rusinaru, Alessandro Piccardo, Benoit Petitprez, Paul Marticho, Ioana Vaida, Christophe Tribouilloy, Thierry Caus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Risk of Melanoma in Pilots and Cabin Crew
Authors: Martina Sanlorenzo, Igor Vujic, Christian Posch, James E. Cleaver, Pietro Quaglino, Susana Ortiz-Urda
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Recently, a meta-analysis reported an increased incidence of melanoma in pilots and cabin crew, which was possibly due to occupational exposures. 1Cabin crews' exposure to cosmic radiation was assessed in different studies and always found below the allowed dose limit. 2 However, the cumulative exposure of pilots and cabin crew to UV radiation, a known risk factor for melanoma, has not been assessed to our knowledge.Airplane windshields are commonly made of polycarbonate plastic or multilayer composite glass.UV-B (280-320 nm) transmission through both plastic and glass windshields was reported to be less than 1%.However, UV-A (320-380 nm) transmission ranged from 0.41% to 53.5%, with plastic attenuating more UV radiation than glass. 3trigued by our findings and the clinical observation of pilots developing melanomas on sun-exposed skin, we measured the amount of UV radiation in airplane cockpits during flight and compared them with measurements performed in tanning beds.
Hepatorenal reflex regulating kidney function
Authors: Florian Lang, Edda Tschernko, Eva Schulze, Irina Öttl, Markus Ritter, Harald Völkl, Christian Hallbrucker, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

In anesthetized male rats, infusion of glutamine (2 mumol/min) into the superior mesenteric vein at a rate known to induce liver cell swelling leads to marked decreases in renal glomerular filtration rate, renal para-aminohippurate clearance and urinary flow rate. Glutamine infused at identical rates into the jugular vein does not elicit any of these effects. The effect of glutamine is mimicked by serine but not by glutamate. Spinal transection, renal denervation or section of the vagal hepatic nerves abolishes the effect of mesenteric venous glutamine infusion. Mesenteric application of glucagon (1 ng/min) or of both glutamine and glucagon enhances glomerular filtration rate and urinary flow rate. Infusion of 1 ng/min glucagon through the jugular vein does not significantly alter glomerular filtration rate or urinary flow rate. The data disclose a powerful liver-borne mechanism regulating kidney function that is mediated by the hepatorenal innervation.
Scientists Chart Course for Brain Map
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE MIND-BOGGLING task of mapping the human brain equals, if not surpasses, the importance of mapping the human genome, say proponents of the Human Brain Project. Brain mapping, they say, probably will reveal invaluable clues to understanding, treating, and preventing diseases like Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and others. It may provide a more substantive basis for exploring some of science's most nagging questions, such as how nature interacts with nurture, and how much of behavior and personality are due to biochemical destiny, they add. <h3>'Last Biological Frontier'</h3> The Human Brain Project "seeks to define the structure and function of the last major biological frontier—how do we think, create, improvise, learn, [and] how do diseases cause a breakdown in these functions such as dementia, mania, memory loss, hallucinations, and delusions," says Joseph Martin, MD, PhD, dean of the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. Martin chaired the Institute of Medicine's Committee
Clinical, Haemodynamic, Rheological, and Biochemical Findings in 126 Patients with Intermittent Claudication
Authors: J. A. Dormandy, E. Hoare, J. Colley, D. E. Arrowsmith, T. L. Dormandy
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Increased blood viscosity has been shown to be an important factor in reducing blood flow in a review and analysis of the history, clinical findings, and haemodynamic, rheological, radiological, and biochemical measurements in 126 patients with intermittent claudication. In some patients increased viscosity seemed to be the determining cause of claudication. A raised plasma fibrinogen was the most common single biochemical abnormality. The results of conventional serum lipid and lipoprotein estimations were abnormal in the series as a whole but did not correlate with clinical findings or flow measurements at individual patient level. There was, however, a significant correlation between some clinical findings and the susceptibility of the red cells to autoxidation.
Among young children who wheeze, which children will have persistent asthma?
Authors: G SHAPIRO
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)

We are frequently faced with answering questions regarding the persistence of asthma and which children will outgrow the disease. Consider 2 similar children you might see during the same clinic session. Patient 1 is a 2-year-old boy who presents with a history of wheezing episodes with each upper respiratory tract infection during the previous fall and winter. He has needed aggressive use of bronchodilators and prednisone courses 3 times over the last 6 months. It is not clear whether he wheezes between colds, but his parents notice some coughing when he is upset and crying.
A CASE OF SPONTANEOUS HEMOPNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: JOSEPH L. FREY
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Hemopneumothorax is not a common condition. The majority of cases follow trauma, either in military or in civil life, but the spontaneous form is distinctly rare. After a scrutiny of the literature for the last thirty-four years I have been able to find only thirteen recorded cases. Ten of these reported cases deserve to be called spontaneous for lack of any definite cause, such as demonstrable disease or trauma. The remaining three were due to tuberculosis and one of them was complicated by artificial pneumothorax. Among the ten spontaneous cases three were fatal and seven patients recovered; of the three tuberculous patients, two recovered and the one with artificial pneumothorax died. These thirteen cases are all true cases of hemopneumothorax and not just hemothorax or pneumothorax. The term hemopneumothorax should be applied to cases of lung collapse with undoubted blood and air within the pleural cavity and not just blood-stained
Intracardiac Thrombosis and Anticoagulation Therapy in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: DaLi Feng, Imran S. Syed, Matthew Martinez, Jae K. Oh, Allan S. Jaffe, Martha Grogan, William D. Edwards, Morie A. Gertz, Kyle W. Klarich
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Primary amyloidosis has a poor prognosis as a result of frequent cardiac involvement. We recently reported a high prevalence of intracardiac thrombus in cardiac amyloid patients at autopsy. However, neither the prevalence nor the effect of anticoagulation on intracardiac thrombus has been evaluated antemortem.We studied all transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms of cardiac amyloid patients at the Mayo Clinic. The prevalence of intracardiac thrombosis, clinical and transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiographic risks for intracardiac thrombosis, and effect of anticoagulation were investigated. We identified 156 patients with cardiac amyloidosis who underwent transesophageal echocardiograms. Amyloidosis was the primary type (AL) in 80; other types occurred in 76 patients, including 56 with the wild transthyretin type, 17 with the mutant transthyretin type, and 3 with the secondary type. Fifth-eight intracardiac thrombi were identified in 42 patients (27%). AL amyloid had more frequent intracardiac thrombus than the other types (35% versus 18%; P=0.02), although the AL patients were younger and had less atrial fibrillation. Multivariate analysis showed that atrial fibrillation, poor left ventricular diastolic function, and lower left atrial appendage emptying velocity were independently associated with increased risk for intracardiac thrombosis, whereas anticoagulation was associated with a significantly decreased risk (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.51; P<0.006).Intracardiac thrombosis occurs frequently in cardiac amyloid patients, especially in the AL type and in those with atrial fibrillation. Risk for thrombosis increased if left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and atrial mechanical dysfunction were present. Anticoagulation therapy appears protective. Timely screening in high-risk patients may allow early detection of intracardiac thrombus. Anticoagulation should be carefully considered.
126. Evaluation of Replication Competent and Replication Incompetent Adenovirus-Mediated Toxicity in Human Adrenocortical Cells
Authors: Urska Matkovic, Monia Pacenti, Marta Trevisan, Giulia Masi, Luisa Barzon, Giorgio Palu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Objectives: Experimental studies indicate that adenoviruses have a natural tropism for the adrenal gland, thus, the systemic use of adenoviral vectors might be associated with side effects due to adrenal gland infection. In this study, human ACC cells were used to assess the toxicity of replication competent adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) and replication deficient E1-/E3- adenoviral vectors. Methods: To test the susceptibility of human ACC cells (SW13 and NCI-H295R) to adenoviral infection, expression of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor(CAR) and integrins was evaluated in ACC cells as well as in normal human adrenocortical tissues and in benign and malignant adrenocortical tumor samples by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. ACC cells were infected with Ad5 and tested for virus production at different time points pi. Recombinant E1-/E3- Ad5 vector expressing green fluorescent protein (Ad5-EGFP) was used to test adenovirus infectivity by fluorescent microscopy and FACS analysis. To assess the toxicity of replication competent and replication incompetent adenoviral vectors in the adrenal gland, Ad5, Ad5-EGFP and Ad5-HSV-TK were employed. In this regard, at different time points pi, we examined the effect of adenoviral infection on gene expression profile by DNA microarray analysis and on cell growth by proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis test. The influence of adenoviral infection on steroid hormone production was also analyzed. Results: CAR expression was demonstrated in ACC cells and in normal and neoplastic adrenocortical tissues. Both ACC cells demonstrated productive Ad5 replication and efficient Ad5-EGFP transduction. Time- and dose-dependent induction of cell death was found only in Ad5-infected ACC cells, whereas Ad5- EGFP and Ad5-HSV-TK had no apparent effect on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death as compared to uninfected control. ACC cells did not show marked alterations of gene expression after Ad5-EGFP infection, as demonstrated by microarray analysis in time course infection experiments. In the early phase of infection, genes involved in cell proliferation, stress and innate immune response were transiently upregulated. Moreover, expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes was modulated toward cortisol hypersecretion. With regard to steroidogenesis, ACC cells infected with Ad5 showed decreased basal steroid hormone production in the early phase pi, followed by increased steroid hormone release at 72 h pi. At variance, Ad5-EGFP markedly induced cortisol and estradiol production, but not aldosterone production, at all time points pi. Conclusions: These results, which provide insight into the host response following adenoviral infection of ACC cells, contribute to the understanding of the adrenal involvement during natural adenovirus infection and vector administration for gene therapy.
Spanish doctors carry out first transplantation of a full face
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Surgeons at a Spanish hospital are claiming the first successful transplantation of a complete face after a 24 hour operation on a young man with severe facial injuries.

The operation was carried out at the end of March at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona, and the patient is “progressing favourably,” said the lead surgeon, Joan Pere Barret.

“He is growing a beard at the moment,” said Dr Barret, who said he was “amazed” at the results. “We knew it was going to be good, but we didn’t know it would be that good,” he said.

Now Dr Barret, who has specialised in treating burns victims in the past and who has worked at the St Andrews Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns in Chelmsford, Essex, believes that where someone has severe facial injuries it may better to perform a full face transplantation than to try to patch them up with skin grafts.

The patient had lost the centre of his face—his nose, his mouth, the mandibles of the jaw, both cheekbones, his eyelids, and part of his soft tissue—in a “severe, high …
Abstract 836: Rexinoids induce cellular senescence in ER-negative breast cancer cells and in MMTV-Neu mammary tumors
Authors: Anne Shilkaitis, Albert Green, Laura Bratescu, Xinjian Peng, Vernon Steele, Konstantin T. Christov
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Retinoids and recently rexinoids have been extensively studied as potential cancer preventive agents. Their effects both in vitro and in vivo have been associated with inhibition of cell proliferation via cell cycle regulatory genes/proteins. In previous studies we have shown that retinoids (atRA, 9cRA), in addition to inhibition of cell proliferation, can also induce cellular senescence (CS) in breast cancer cell lines and in an MNU-model of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. We also found that atRA is more efficacious in inducing CS in ER+ than in ER− breast cancer cell lines. Here we examined the role of rexinoids (LGD1069) in inducing CS in ER− breast cancer cell lines and in ER− tumors of the MMTV-Neu model of mammary carcinogenesis in mice. CS was determined by SA-β-Gal staining, colony formation assay, heterochromatin condensation and histone H2AX expression. Cells grown on cover slips were treated for 6 days with 1.0 or 5.0 µM of LGD1069 and senescent cells identified. We found that LGD1069 at 1.0 µM is more efficacious in inducing CS in ER+ MCF-7 and T47D cells, 56% and 42% respectively vs. 14% and 9% in control cells. Normal MCF10A, premalignant MCF10AT, and malignant MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, which are ER−, required 5.0 µM of LGD1069 to increase CS from 3.0, 6,0, 4.0 and 10.0% in control to 14, 24, 26 and 33% in treated cells. For in vivo studies, MMTV-Neu mice with palpable mammary tumors were treated for 4 weeks with 80 or 40 mg/kg body weight LGD1069, given by gavage. Proliferating cells (BrdU-labeled) in mammary tumors decreased from 9.6±2.3% in control animals (No=13) to 7.4±3.0% (p&amp;lt;0.01) (No=10) and to 5.6±2.5% (p&amp;lt;0.001) (No=12) in high and low dose treated animals, respectively. Senescent cells, as detected by SA-β-Gal staining, were rare in control tumors (0.92±0.23%) and significantly increased in LGD1069, 80 mg/kg treated animals (6.8±4.0%) (p&amp;lt;0.001). LGD1069 was unable to affect apoptosis. Our mechanistic studies suggest involvement of p21, RXRα and RARβ in mediating LGD1069-induced CS in ER− breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 836. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-836
Cheiroarthropathy and long term diabetic complications in Nigerians.
Authors: A.O Akanji, A.F Bella, B.O Osotimehin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Two hundred and fifty six consecutively ambulant diabetic patients attending a Nigerian diabetic clinic for the presence of cheiroarthropathy were examined using standard criteria. Forty eight (19%) had limited joint mobility of the hand, a prevalence higher than the 4% (2/56) observed in a non-diabetic population matched for age and sex. Limited joint mobility was twice as prevalent in the insulin treated (16/50, 32%) than in the non-insulin dependent (32/206, 16%) diabetics. Indices such as age, duration of diabetes, and glycaemic control (as assessed by integrated blood glucose concentration over the previous 12 months and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c concentrations) were the same in the diabetics with and without limited joint mobility. The prevalence of cataracts (18/48, 38%) and background retinopathy (8/48, 17%) was higher in diabetics with limited joint mobility than in those without (respectively 6-9% and 5-6%); hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, and foot ulcers, however, were about equally common in the two groups of diabetics (with and without limited joint mobility). Nephropathy appeared commoner in diabetic subjects without limited joint mobility. Our results confirm previous observations in Caucasians of an increased prevalence of limited joint mobility in diabetes, especially those receiving insulin treatment, and also showed that limited joint mobility could predict the presence of retinopathy and cataracts in those diabetics. Neuropathy and hypertension were not commoner in our diabetics with limited joint mobility (unlike in the Caucasian population), suggesting that racial factors may underlie the predictive value of limited joint mobility in diabetic microangiopathy.
MicroRNAs 15a/16-1 function as tumor suppressor genes in multiple myeloma
Authors: M. E. Gatt, J.-J. Zhao, M. S. Ebert, Y. Zhang, Z. Chu, M. Mani, R. Gazit, D. E. Carrasco, J. Dutta-Simmons, S. Adamia, S. Minvielle, Y.-T. Tai, N. C. Munshi, H. Avet-Loiseau, K. C. Anderson, D. R. Carrasco
Journal: Blood (2010)