tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The influence of ambient coarse particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in children: case-crossover and time-series analyses.
Authors: Mei Lin, Yue Chen, Richard T Burnett, Paul J Villeneuve, Daniel Krewski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In this study, we used both case-crossover and time-series analyses to assess the associations between size-fractionated particulate matter and asthma hospitalization among children 6-12 years old living in Toronto between 1981 and 1993. Specifically, we used exposures averaged over periods varying from 1 to 7 days to assess the effects of particulate matter on asthma hospitalization. We calculated estimates of the relative risk of asthma hospitalization adjusted for daily weather conditions (maximum and minimum temperatures, and average relative humidity) for an incremental exposure corresponding to the interquartile range in particulate matter. Both bidirectional case-crossover and time-series analyses revealed that coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) averaged over 5-6 days was significantly associated with asthma hospitalization in both males and females. The magnitude of this effect appeared to increase with increasing number of days of exposure averaging for most models, with the relative risk estimates stabilizing at about 6 days. Using a bidirectional case-crossover analysis, the estimated relative risks were 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02, 1.28] for males and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02, 1.36) for females, for an increment of 8.4 microg/m(3) in 6-day averages of PM10-2.5. The corresponding relative risk estimates were 1.10 and 1.18, respectively, when we used time-series analysis. The effect of PM10-2.5 remained positive after adjustment for the effects of the gaseous pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). We did not find significant effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) or of thoracic particulate matter (PM10) on asthma hospitalizations using either of these two analytic approaches. For the most part, relative risk estimates from the unidirectional case-crossover analysis were more pronounced compared with both bidirectional case-crossover and time-series analyses.
The Notch Ligand Jagged-1 Represents a Novel Growth Factor of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Frances N. Karanu, Barbara Murdoch, Lisa Gallacher, Dongmei M. Wu, Masahide Koremoto, Seiji Sakano, Mickie Bhatia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

The Notch ligand, Jagged-1, plays an essential role in tissue formation during embryonic development of primitive organisms. However, little is known regarding the role of Jagged-1 in the regulation of tissue-specific stem cells or its function in humans. Here, we show that uncommitted human hematopoietic cells and cells that comprise the putative blood stem cell microenvironment express Jagged-1 and the Notch receptors. Addition of a soluble form of human Jagged-1 to cultures of purified primitive human blood cells had modest effects in augmenting cytokine-induced proliferation of progenitors. However, intravenous transplantation of cultured cells into immunodeficient mice revealed that human (h)Jagged-1 induces the survival and expansion of human stem cells capable of pluripotent repopulating capacity. Our findings demonstrate that hJagged-1 represents a novel growth factor of human stem cells, thereby providing an opportunity for the clinical utility of Notch ligands in the expansion of primitive cells capable of hematopoietic reconstitution.
Prevalence of flat lesions in a large screening population and their role in colonoscopy quality improvement
Authors: K. Reinhart, C. Bannert, D. Dunkler, P. Salzl, M. Trauner, F. Renner, P. Knoflach, A. Ferlitsch, W. Weiss, M. Ferlitsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Flat lesions pose new challenges for endoscopists, but the importance of detecting them is still controversial. Most screening studies do not survey macroscopic polyp morphology. The aims were to evaluate the percentage of flat polyp findings in a large asymptomatic adult screening population (n = 52 521), to assess the impact of shape and size on malignant transformation, and to assess the role of flat lesions regarding quality assurance in colorectal cancer prevention.Retrospective analysis of screening colonoscopies performed between 2007 and 2011 according to the Austrian "Quality management for colon cancer prevention" program.17 771 patients with polyps were included in the study. Patients with flat polyps represented 24.2 % (n = 4293), 62.4 % (n = 11 097) were classified as having sessile and 13.4 % (n = 2381) as pedunculated polyps. Among those with flat polyps 51.4 % had adenomas (n = 2207). High grade dysplasia (HGD) was found in 2.1 % (n = 47) of flat adenomas, in 1.5 % (n = 89) of sessile adenomas and 4.7 % (n = 92) of pedunculated adenomas (P < 0.0001. The risk for containing HGD was 1.0 % for flat lesions ≤ 10 mm in size compared with 10.3 % for lesions > 10 mm, and 1.0 % for polypoid lesions ≤ 10 mm compared with 9.3 % for lesions > 10 mm (P < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that polyp size (P < 0.0001) but not polyp shape (P = 0.438) is an independent predictor for HGD. Adenoma detection rate (ADR) correlated weakly with the flat polyp detection rate (Pearson r = 0.24).Malignant potential of polyps is mostly affected by size but not by shape. Since flat polyp detection rate only correlates poorly with ADR we do not recommend its incorporation in quality assured screening colonoscopy.
Lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer: evaluation by [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET)
Authors: A. Guhlmann, M. Storck, J. Kotzerke, F. Moog, L. Sunder-Plassmann, S. N. Reske
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in the thoracic lymph node staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Forty six patients with focal pulmonary tumours who underwent preoperative computed tomographic (CT) and FDG-PET scanning were evaluated retrospectively. Thirty two patients had NSCLC and 14 patients had a benign process. The final diagnosis was established by means of histopathological examination at thoracotomy, and the nodal classification in patients with lung cancer was performed by thorough dissection of the mediastinal nodes at surgery. RESULTS: FDG-PET was 80% sensitive, 100% specific, and 87.5% accurate in staging thoracic lymph nodes in patients with NSCLC, whereas CT scanning was 50% sensitive, 75% specific, and 59.4% accurate. The absence of lymph node tumour involvement was identified by FDG-PET in all 12 patients with NO disease compared with nine by CT scanning. Lymph node metastases were correctly detected by FDG-PET in three of five patients with N1 disease compared with two by CT scanning, in nine of 11 with N2 disease compared with six by CT scanning, an in all four with N3 nodes compared with two by CT scanning. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET provides a new and effective method for staging thoracic lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer and is superior to CT scanning in the assessment of hilar and mediastinal nodal metastases. With regard to resectability, FDG-PET could differentiate reliably between patients with N1/N2 disease and those with unresectable N3 disease.
Fresh frozen plasma. Viral inactivation may be false reassurance.
Authors: C Prowse, J Cash
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Fresh frozen plasmaUsefil as a volume expander in children EDITOR,-We welcome Hannah Cohen's advice that hospital transfusion committees should draw up guidelines for the use of fresh frozen plasma.'We take issue, however, with her claim that "fresh frozen plasma has no role as a volume expander."Although this is true in most circumstances, we believe that this embargo should not be applied to infants and children whose vascular integrity fails because of endothelial dysfunction-for example, after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in children may be associated with considerable tissue oedema.This increase in total body water is particularly apparent in infants who have undergone prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass.2In such cases intra- vascular hypovolaemia occurs despite an overall increase in total body water, with extravasation of salts and small protein molecules such as albumin.When vascular integrity is lost fresh frozen plasma may have advantages over human albumin solution because of the larger size of macromolecules,3 which may allow a more sustained effect with slower leakage through damaged capillaries into perivascular tissues.4This permits better main- tenance of intravascular volume, which is an important determinant of oxygen delivery and survival in patients at risk of multisystem failure.This point may apply to other patients requiring critical care such as neonates or patients with thermal bums.4Until the use of synthetic colloids with large macromolecular structure has been validated and proved to be safe in young infants and children we believe that fresh frozen plasma is the safest and most effective option in children with intravascular hypovolaemia and failure of vascular endothelial integrity despite the small risk of hazard.'
The Increased Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ1 in Human Breast Cancer Is Mediated by Selective Promoter Usage
Authors: Xin Wang, R. Chase Southard, Michael W. Kilgore
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ1 (PPARγ1) is transactivated by a wide range of ligands in normal human mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. Although transactivation of PPARγ mediates the expression of genes that are markers of differentiation, its overexpression in cancers of the breast, thyroid, colon, and lung suggests its dysregulation may play a role in oncogenesis, cancer progression, or both. We report the overexpression of PPARγ is caused by the use of a tumor-specific promoter in breast cancer cells that is distinct from the promoter used in normal epithelia. Thus, the increase in PPARγ expression seen in breast cancer cells results from promoter recruitment, providing new insights into the expression and actions of PPARγ in breast cancer.
Effects of inhaled salbutamol in primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: E. Spiekerkoetter, H. Fabel, M.M. Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Although lung function is grossly normal in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), mild-to-moderate peripheral airflow obstruction can be found in the majority of patients with this disease. Therefore, β 2 -agonists may affect pulmonary function, blood gases and haemodynamics in patients with PPH. Pulmonary function testing, blood gas measurements and right heart catheterisation was performed in 22 patients with PPH and the acute effects of inhaled salbutamol (0.2 mg) were measured. Salbutamol caused an increase in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) from 2446±704 to 2550±776 mL. The mean expiratory flow at 50% of the vital capacity (MEF 50 ) rose from 58±17 to 66±21% pred. The pulmonary artery pressures remained unchanged after inhalation of salbutamol, but the cardiac output increased significantly from 3.9±1.4 to 4.2±1.4 L·min −1 accompanied by significant increases in stroke volume and mixed venous oxygen saturation as well as a significant decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance. The arterial oxygen tension rose from 9±2.4 kPa (68±18 mmHg) at baseline to 9.7±2.8 kPa (73±21 mmHg) after inhalation of salbutamol, the alveolo-arterial oxygen gradient values improved from 6±2.5 kPa (45±19 mmHg) to 5.1±2.9 kPa (38±22 mmHg), respectively. Inhaled salbutamol has beneficial acute effects on pulmonary function, blood gases and haemodynamics in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.
Reverse ventricular remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy is associated with a reduction in serum tenascin‐C and plasma matrix metalloproteinase‐9 levels
Authors: Marleen H.M. Hessel, Gabe B. Bleeker, Jeroen J. Bax, Maureen M. Henneman, Brigit den Adel, Margreet Klok, M.J. Schalij, Douwe E. Atsma, Arnoud van der Laarse
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection Presenting as Endobronchial Lesions in Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Steven J. Packer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Infections caused by Mycobacterium avium in relatively immunocompetent hosts usually occur with isolated pulmonary involvement. Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) more commonly have disseminated disease. Endobronchial masses, however, have not been described with M. avium complex infections in normal or compromised hosts. We describe the cases of two patients with AIDS, both receiving zidovudine therapy, who presented with endobronchial obstruction and hilar adenopathy. Results of radiographic and endobronchial examination of these lesions suggested malignancy. Histologic and microbiologic tests, however, showed M. avium, and the lesions responded remarkably to mechanical debridement and anti-mycobacterial therapy.
Te Linde's Operative Gynecology
Authors: Stephen L. Corson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This venerable text, the acknowledged standard source for indications and techniques, now enters its sixth edition, eight years after the last was published. The page total has increased from 871 to 938. On the cover, John Thompson's name has been added to Richard Mattingly's. The latter has done a superb job over the years of steering this text along the difficult course of including and excluding data.  Among the welcome additions are sections on the psychological aspects of surgical care (especially in extirpative surgery) and a timely chapter on breast disease. Although most gynecologists do not perform breast surgery, they can detect more pathological conditions of the breast than other individual specialists because of their role as primary care providers for women. Minor procedures such as office breast cyst aspiration are well detailed. Other sections of the text have been updated, such as the use of staplers for bowel anastomosis.
Exacerbation of Parkinsonism by Methyldopa
Authors: Andrew M. Rosenblum
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Methyldopa is widely used in the treatment of hypertension. The drug has several well-known side effects, but the potential to produce or exacerbate parkinsonism<sup>1</sup>is probably not well known. We have recently cared for two patients whose parkinsonian symptoms were exacerbated by the use of methyldopa. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> For six months a 74-year-old woman had had difficulty with keeping her balance and walking. This began three months after therapy with methyldopa was initiated at 500 mg twice a day. Previously she had been living actively and independently. Her examination was notable only for the presence of bradykinesia, flexed posture, and shuffling gait. She could not get out of the wheelchair without assistance. One month after discontinuation of treatment with methyldopa, her condition was much improved. She could get up from a chair and walk without hesitation or assistance. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> A 69-year-old
Review: Intensive insulin therapy increases risk for hypoglycemia but not mortality in critically ill adults
Authors: Michelle A. Kovalaske
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Griesdale DE, de Souza RJ, van Dam RM, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. CMAJ. 2009;180:821-7. 19318387
The Physiologic Action and Toxic Action of Acetanilid.
Authors: John V. Shoemaker
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Philadelphia, June 7, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, June 3, page 1790, appears the "Official Report on Acetanilid Mixtures" made by the Committee on Chemistry of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association. The report is signed by the individual members of the committee, who possess our full confidence, and who are recognized by all as fully competent to speak with authority on any subject connected with materia medica or medical chemistry. My object in writing at the present time is to call attention pointedly to this valuable report, and to express my great personal satisfaction and gratification, as a teacher of pharmacology, with the important work which the Council has inaugurated. I believe that the value of this work to American medicine can scarcely be overestimated. The Section on Pharmacology and Materia Medica has on several occasions, by resolution, called the attention of
Abstract LB-245: Investigating the role of BRCA1 in sensitivity to GRN163L, a telomerase template antagonist
Authors: Elizabeth A. Phipps, Sergei Gryaznov, Brittney-Shea Herbert
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene with a variety of functions related to safeguarding genomic integrity. Regulation of telomere length is crucial in maintaining genomic stability, with critically short telomeres leading to telomere uncapping, end-to-end fusions, activation of the DNA damage response, and cell cycle arrest. Recent evidence suggests knockdown of BRCA1 in cell lines increases both telomerase activity and average telomere length, but likely results in more unstable telomeres compared to BRCA1 wild-type cell lines. The objective of this study was to determine whether GRN163L, a telomerase template antagonist currently in clinical trials, has enhanced activity in BRCA1 mutant breast or ovarian cancer cell lines compared to paired BRCA1 wild-type breast/ovarian cancer cell lines. In addition, we sought to determine whether BRCA1 cell lines have shorter average telomere lengths than other cancer cell lines, making them more amenable to inhibition of telomerase activity. We utilized a panel of breast and ovarian cancer cell lines harboring both N-terminal and C-terminal BRCA1 mutations, in addition to matched cells expressing exogenous wild-type BRCA1, and assessed the effects of GRN163L or a mismatch oligonucleotide on telomerase activity and telomere length using the TRAP (Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol) and TeloTAGGG assays, respectively. All cell lines tested exhibited a dose-dependent response to treatment with GRN163L, but not a mismatch control oligonucleotide. In addition, we observed differential sensitivity between BRCA1 mutant and BRCA1 wild-type cell lines tested to clinically relevant concentrations of GRN163L in both TRAP and clonogenic survival assays. Of interest, the majority of the cell lines tested showed gross morphological changes as early as 12 hours following inhibitor treatment. We found UWB1.289 cells have a shorter average telomere length at baseline compared to their BRCA1 wild-type counterpart cells, and saw progressive telomere shortening over a three-week period of treatment with GRN163L, but not with mismatch oligonucleotide. Furthermore, long-term (12 week) treatment with GRN163L preferentially induced complete cell death in the HCC1937 (BRCA1 mutant) breast cancer cell population compared to the HCC1937 cells reconstituted with wild-type BRCA1. Finally, we demonstrate that pretreatment with GRN163L acts synergistically with cis-platin in UWB1.289 and UWB1.289+BRCA1 ovarian cancer cells. In summary, this work provides insight into the role of BRCA1 mutations in cancer cells and their impact on sensitivity to the cellular effects of telomerase antagonism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-245. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-245
Older Adults and Forgoing Cancer Screening
Authors: Alexia M. Torke, Peter H. Schwartz, Laura R. Holtz, Kianna Montz, Greg A. Sachs
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Although there is a growing recognition that older adults and those with extensive comorbid conditions undergo cancer screening too frequently, there is little information about patients' perceptions regarding cessation of cancer screening. Information on older adults' views of screening cessation would be helpful both for clinicians and for those designing interventions to reduce overscreening.To obtain a deeper understanding of older adults' perspectives on screening cessation and their experiences communicating with clinicians about this topic.Semistructured interview study.Senior health center affiliated with an urban hospital.We interviewed 33 older adults presenting to a senior health center. Their median age was 76 years (range, 63-91 years). Of the 33 participants, 27 were women; 15 were African American, 16 were white, 1 was Asian, and 1 was American Indian.We transcribed audio recordings of interviews and analyzed them using methods of grounded theory to identify themes and illustrative quotes.Undergoing screening tests was perceived by participants as morally obligatory. Although many saw continued screening as a habit or custom not involving any decision, cessation of screening would require a major decision. Many asserted that they had never discussed screening cessation with their physicians or considered stopping on their own; some reported being upset when their physician recommended stopping. Although some would accept a physician's strong recommendation to stop, others thought that such a physician's recommendation would threaten trust or lead them to get another opinion. Participants were skeptical about the role of statistics and the recommendations of government panels in screening decisions but were more favorable toward stopping because of the balance of risks and benefits, complications, or test burdens.For many older adults, stopping screening is a major decision, but continuing screening is not. A physician's recommendation to stop may threaten patient trust. Effective strategies to reduce nonbeneficial screening may include discussion of the balance of risks and benefits, complications, or burdens.
Simultaneous dobutamine stress echocardiography and technetium-99m isonitrile single-photon emission computed tomography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease
Authors: Tamas Forster, Albert J. McNeill, Alessandro Salustri, Ambroos E.M. Reijs, El-Said M. El-Said, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt, Paolo M. Fioretti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Limitations of Suggestion in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: S. P. Beebe
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —I wish to make an emphatic protest against many of the statements found in the editorial entitled "Suggestion in Hyperthyroidism" inThe Journal, Dec. 14, 1912, p. 2154, for it contains many statements given with the authority ofThe Journalwhich, if allowed to go unchallenged, afford many possibilities for harm. Apparently hyperthyroidism is no longer a field for legitimate medicine and surgery, but the door is open for the Christian Scientist, the chiropractic, the osteopath and the practitioners of all the other cults, who need only to persuade the patient that a particular "mode of treatment is likely to be beneficial," for under these conditions "there is prompt relief of most, and sometimes, it would almost seem, of all their symptoms shortly after the institution of the treatment in question." How perfectly lovely! There is no qualification to the conditions; merely persuade the patient that the