tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3925: Optical coherence tomography imaging in cancer research.
Authors: Benjamin J. Vakoc, Dai Fukumura, Timothy P. Padera, Rakesh K. Jain, Brett E. Bouma
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established imaging technology with a greater than 10 year history in the clinic. Over the past 5 years, an increasing number of cancer investigators have employed OCT in preclinical studies and have found that its unique capabilities address some of the gaps left by existing intravital imaging approaches. However, because OCT is relatively new to the cancer research community, these capabilities and limitations are not broadly known. Therefore, to facilitate translation, we will summarize OCT to the cancer research community. This will include a description of how it works, what its capabilities are, and what its role in preclinical cancer research is now and what it is likely to become over the next decade. The basic principles of OCT will be summarized to allow investigators to compare it with alternative imaging technologies and identify investigations where OCT is best suited. The imaging modes of OCT will be described and examples of use in cancer investigations will be given. The use of OCT for angiography at spatial and temporal scales not accessible to other technologies will be described. We will also present anatomical imaging of tumors using OCT and highlight its ability to assess tumor volume and to map tumor viability. Finally, the advantages of OCT-based label-free lymphangiography will be described and compared with existing approaches for lymphatic vessel imaging. We will end our discussion by communicating briefly some of the innovations in OCT that are happening now in research and engineering laboratories and the new capabilities that such innovations are likely to enable. Through this presentation, we hope to establish dialogues to drive technology development toward answering critical problems in cancer research. Citation Format: Benjamin J. Vakoc, Dai Fukumura, Timothy P. Padera, Rakesh K. Jain, Brett E. Bouma. Optical coherence tomography imaging in cancer research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3925. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3925
Hepatitis A and Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Kenneth Bromberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

EXTRAHEPATIC complications of confirmed hepatitis A infection are uncommon and, with the exception of hepatic encephalopathy, have not included CNS involvement.<sup>1-3</sup>Cases of encephalitis presumed to be due to hepatitis A were previously reported before laboratory confirmation of hepatitis A etiology was available.<sup>4,5</sup>The following is a report of a case of serologically confirmed hepatitis A associated with CNS inflammation. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A previously healthy, 56-year-old businessman was hospitalized in December 1979 with jaundice and decreased mental acuity of several days' duration. Ten days before admission, he experienced fever, sore throat, and cough, with subsequent development of anorexia, mental dullness, confusion, dark urine, and jaundice. Five weeks earlier he had traveled to Europe on a business trip where he had eaten raw seafood. The patient denied excess alcohol intake, toxin exposure, or receipt of blood products. On examination, he was afebrile, icteric, slightly obtunded, and disoriented.
Intestinal Lamina Propria Dendritic Cell Subsets Have Different Origin and Functions
Authors: Chen Varol, Alexandra Vallon-Eberhard, Eran Elinav, Tegest Aychek, Yami Shapira, Hervé Luche, Hans Jörg Fehling, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Guy Shakhar, Steffen Jung
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Evidence based policy making
Authors: J A Muir Gray
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Is about taking decisions based on evidence and the needs and values of the population 

Evidence based medicine or evidence based clinical practice is the judicious application of best current knowledge to the condition and values of the individual patient. Evidence can also be used for groups of patients or populations and the terms used to describe these activities vary from one document to another, sometimes being called evidence based health care, evidence based management, evidence based public health, or evidence based policy making. An example of evidence based policy making is the United Kingdom's decision to introduce screening for Down's syndrome.1 2 The common feature to all these debates is the use of evidence to make decisions about groups of patients or populations.

Evidence based policy making sets the context in which evidence based clinical practice can take place. If the policy is not to offer screening for breast cancer to women under the age of 50, the clinician does not have to interpret the evidence about the benefits and harms of screening such women. Critics say that this is a form of rationing. …
A few clarifications please
Authors: N. D. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Lapi and colleagues’ paper makes good pharmacological sense but I have a few comments.1

Firstly, the authors state that they adjusted for indication but it seems that they did this for antihypertensive drugs only. Was the indication for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) included? NSAIDs are usually …
The changing role of beta-blocker therapy in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Phillip S. Ge, Bruce A. Runyon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Cirrhosis is a leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Beta-blockers have been established in numerous studies as part of the cornerstone of the medical management of cirrhosis, particularly in the primary and secondary prevention of variceal hemorrhage. However, new evidence has cautioned the use of beta-blockers in patients with end-stage cirrhosis and refractory ascites. In this article, we review the beneficial effects of beta-blocker therapy, the potential harms of aggressive beta-blocker therapy, and provide suggestions regarding the appropriate use of this class of medications in patients with cirrhosis.
The absorption of water, sodium, and potassium in the large intestine with particular reference to the effects of villous papillomas
Authors: H. L. Duthie, J. D. Atwell
Journal: Gut (1963)

The absorption of water, sodium, and potassium from isolated segments of the large intestine has been studied in 11 patients. In eight control segments adjacent to a carcinoma of the colon, absorption of water and sodium and secretion of potassium occurred. In five segments of intestine containing a villous papilloma, water, sodium, and potassium were secreted. The difference is mainly due to an increase in exsorption of sodium and water, insorption being relatively unaffected.
3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine deprivation affects phenotype and intracellular [Ca2+]i of human cardiomyocytes in culture
Authors: F Forini
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

A decrease in plasma T3 concentration is a frequent finding in patients with heart failure. However, the role of this 'low T3 syndrome' on disease evolution has never been clarified. As phenotypic and functional cardiomyocyte impairments are alterations that correlate with the failing myocardium, we studied the long-term effects of T3 deprivation on human cardiomyocyte structure and calcium handling.Atrial cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue were cultured with or without 3 nM T3. Microscopical examination of structural features was followed by analysis of alpha-sarcomeric actinin and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATP-ase (SERCA-2) content. Calcium handling was studied by [Ca2+](i) imaging.When stimulated with cyclopiazonic acid, a SERCA-2 inhibitor, T3-deprived cardiomyocytes showed significantly faster (P=0.03) and more transient (P=0.04) increases in [Ca(2+)](i) than T3-supplemented cells. Moreover, in the T3-free cultures a significantly lower number of cells (P=0.003) responded to caffeine, a typical activator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-release channel. T3-deprived cardiomyocytes also presented altered morphology with larger dimensions than T3-supplemented cells (P < 0.0001). Additionally, in T3-deprived samples alpha-sarcomeric actinin and SERCA-2 protein levels were reduced to 65.6 +/- 3% (P < 0.0001) and 74.1 +/- 4% (P=0.005), respectively, when compared with the T3-supplemented group.Our data show that human cardiomyocyte calcium handling and phenotype are strongly influenced by T3 suggesting important implications of the 'low T3 syndrome' on the progression of heart failure.
Database Research: Is Happiness a Humongous Database?
Authors: David M. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Research15 October 1997Database Research: Is Happiness a Humongous Database?David M. Smith, MDDavid M. Smith, MDThe Regenstrief Institute for Health Care; Indiana University Medical Center; Indianapolis, IN 46202.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_2-199710151-00057 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail At an earlier Regenstrief Conference, T-shirts were printed with the caption "Happiness is a Humongous Database." In light of some reports in this section, that caption may have to be modified to less-definitive phrases, such as "is sometimes," "is sometimes not," "may be," or "could be." This is a common historical pattern of the use of a new technology. A swell of interest and excitement accompanies discovery-so much so that use is widely disseminated. Then, flaws appear. Fortunately, the flaws do not destroy database research but rather stimulate interest in finding out what is right, what is wrong, and how ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David M. Smith, MDAffiliations: The Regenstrief Institute for Health Care; Indiana University Medical Center; Indianapolis, IN 46202.Note: This article is one of a series of articles comprising an Annals of Internal Medicine supplement entitled "Measuring Quality, Outcomes, and Cost of Care Using Large Databases: The Sixth Regenstrief Conference." To see a complete list of the articles included in this supplement, please view its Table of Contents. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAssessing Surgical Outcomes in Pediatric UrologyLength of stay, mortality, morbidity and delay to surgery in hip fracturesBetween critical illness and hospital discharge: Prolonged acute mechanical ventilation*Databases: A tool for quality management of diabetic pregnanciesOutcomes research in mental healthResources Used by Panelists 15 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 8_Part_2Page: 725KeywordsDatabasesDiagnosis related groupsHappinessHealth care qualityInformation storage and retrievalRandomized trialsResearch designResearch laboratoriesSocioeconomic statusStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
High density lipoproteins, but not other lipoproteins, provide a vehicle for sterol transport to bile.
Authors: S J Robins, J M Fasulo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Unesterified cholesterol (UC) that is taken up by the liver from lipoproteins is rapidly mixed by exchange with liver UC. Thus, it is not possible to quantitate the transport of UC from different lipoproteins into bile using radiolabeled UC. However, plant sterols do not exchange with UC and are secreted in bile with the same kinetics as UC. To compare the contribution to bile of sterols from different lipoproteins, we perfused isolated rat livers with VLDL, LDL, and HDL that were obtained from patients with hereditary phytosterolemia and were rich in plant sterols. After 30-min recirculating perfusions, hepatic concentrations of plant sterols were not different after different lipoproteins were perfused. However, biliary plant sterol secretion was markedly different: with the perfusion of either VLDL or LDL there was no increase in plant sterols in bile, but with perfusion of HDL, the secretion of plant sterols was increased two- to threefold (P = 0.0005). The increase in biliary plant sterols was detected 5-10 min after HDL was added to perfusates and was similarly large for each of three individual plant sterols that was tracked. Results show that when sterol transport from lipoproteins into bile can be determined, only HDL provides a vehicle for UC elimination in bile that is consistent with its putative function in reverse cholesterol transport.
KAP1 Promotes Proliferation and Metastatic Progression of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Joseph B. Addison, Colton Koontz, James H. Fugett, Chad J. Creighton, Dongquan Chen, Mark K. Farrugia, Renata R. Padon, Maria A. Voronkova, Sarah L. McLaughlin, Ryan H. Livengood, Chen-Chung Lin, J. Michael Ruppert, Elena N. Pugacheva, Alexey V. Ivanov
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract KAP1 (TRIM28) is a transcriptional regulator in embryonic development that controls stem cell self-renewal, chromatin organization, and the DNA damage response, acting as an essential corepressor for KRAB family zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZNF). To gain insight into the function of this large gene family, we developed an antibody that recognizes the conserved zinc fingers linker region (ZnFL) in multiple KRAB-ZNF. Here, we report that the expression of many KRAB-ZNF along with active SUMOlyated KAP1 is elevated widely in human breast cancers. KAP1 silencing in breast cancer cells reduced proliferation and inhibited the growth and metastasis of tumor xenografts. Conversely, KAP1 overexpression stimulated cell proliferation and tumor growth. In cells where KAP1 was silenced, we identified multiple downregulated genes linked to tumor progression and metastasis, including EREG/epiregulin, PTGS2/COX2, MMP1, MMP2, and CD44, along with downregulation of multiple KRAB-ZNF proteins. KAP1-dependent stabilization of KRAB-ZNF required direct interactions with KAP1. Together, our results show that KAP1-mediated stimulation of multiple KRAB-ZNF contributes to the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 75(2); 344–55. ©2014 AACR.
Modulation of carcinogenesis by dietary factors
Authors: M. W. Pariza, W. A. Hargraves, H. Benjamin, M. Christou, C. R. Jefcoate, J. Storkson, K. Albright, D. Kraus, P. Sharp, G. A. Boissonneault, C. E. Elson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The purpose of this report is to present recent data on two modulating factors of carcinogenesis that are found in Western-type diets: a beef-derived mutagenesis modulator that has been shown to inhibit the initiation of epidermal carcinogenesis in mice, and the possible role of net energy rather than dietary fat per se in the enhancement of rat mammary carcinogenesis.
Cloning and functional analysis of human p51, which structurally and functionally resembles p53
Authors: Motonobu Osada, Mai Ohba, Chikashi Kawahara, Chikashi Ishioka, Ryunosuke Kanamaru, Iyoko Katoh, Yoji Ikawa, Yoshinori Nimura, Akira Nakagawara, Masuo Obinata, Shuntaro Ikawa
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Noroviruses — Challenges to Control
Authors: Raphael Dolin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an extremely common illness, second in frequency only to acute respiratory illness among North American families. Although it had long been suspected that such illnesses were caused by viruses, it was only after clinical and laboratory studies were carried out over the past three decades that causative viruses were identified.1,2 Among the most prominent are a novel group of viruses originally referred to as Norwalk-like agents — named after Norwalk, Ohio, where an outbreak of illness was caused by the prototype agent — and now called noroviruses.Noroviruses are small (26 to 35 nm), single-stranded . . .
Blood Pressure in Young Blacks and Whites: Relevance of Obesity and Lifestyle Factors in Determining Differences
Authors: Kiang Liu, Karen J. Ruth, John M. Flack, Rhonda Jones-Webb, Gregory Burke, Peter J. Savage, Stephen B. Hulley
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Middle-aged black men and women have higher blood pressure, on average, than whites. However, this pattern is inconsistent in children and adolescents. This study explores how differences in lifestyle factors in young adulthood may influence blood pressure patterns in the two races. Methods and Results The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is an ongoing collaborative investigation of lifestyle and the evolution of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a random sample of young adults ages 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985 to 1986). Data from four examinations over 7 years were analyzed with the use of a method that simultaneously examined cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of lifestyle factors and blood pressure. This study included 1154 black women, 853 black men, 1126 white women, and 1013 white men. Blacks had higher systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure than whites at every examination. Racial differences were much greater in women than in men and increased over time. Within each sex-race group, average diastolic blood pressure over four examinations was positively associated with baseline age, body mass index, and alcohol intake and negatively associated with physical activity, cigarette use, and intake of potassium and protein. Longitudinal change in diastolic blood pressure was positively associated with changes in body mass index and alcohol intake. After adjustment for obesity and other lifestyle factors, black-white diastolic blood pressure differences were reduced substantially: 21% to 75% for men and 49% to 129% for women. Results for systolic blood pressure were similar. Conclusions Differences in obesity and other lifestyle factors in young adults largely explain the higher baseline blood pressure and greater increase over time of blacks relative to whites.
Endogenous adenosine blunts beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic response in hypoperfused canine myocardium.
Authors: H Sato, M Hori, M Kitakaze, S Takashima, M Inoue, A Kitabatake, T Kamada
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Adenosine attenuates beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic responses through GTP-binding protein in vitro. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine released from the ischemic myocardium blunts the inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. METHODS AND RESULTS In 45 open-chest dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused through an extracorporeal bypass tube from the carotid artery. Coronary perfusion pressure was reduced so that coronary blood flow was decreased to 60% of the basal level by partial occlusion of the bypass tube, and the reduced coronary perfusion pressure was kept constant thereafter. Inotropic responses to isoproterenol were assessed by fractional shortening of the myocardium in the perfused area. After the onset of hypoperfusion, lactate extraction ratio (18.8 +/- 1.2%) and fractional shortening (20.7 +/- 1.1%) were significantly decreased to -8.4 +/- 8.0% and 5.9 +/- 1.5%, respectively, and coronary arteriovenous differences of adenosine were increased from 4.6 +/- 3.6 to 89.4 +/- 10.5 pmol/ml. In the untreated condition, an intravenous infusion of isoproterenol (150 ng/kg/min) augmented fractional shortening from 5.9 +/- 1.5% to 13.6 +/- 0.8%. When adenosine release was attenuated by administration of prazosin (4 micrograms/kg/min i.c.) during hypoperfusion, the response of fractional shortening to isoproterenol (from 5.3 +/- 1.2% to 20.5 +/- 1.4%) was much greater (p less than 0.05) than that in the untreated control condition. Exogenous administration of adenosine significantly attenuated the inotropic response to isoproterenol in the prazosin-treated hearts. In contrast, an adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, also enhanced the inotropic response to isoproterenol. The attenuation of beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic response by adenosine could not be attributed to the inhibition of norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve endings, because identical results were observed in the chemically denervated hearts. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous adenosine released from the ischemic myocardium attenuates beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic response in the ischemic heart.
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SYMPTOMS INTHE PROGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: F. B. TRUDEAU
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In two previous communications<sup>1</sup>I have attempted to analyze the relative resultant effect of the presence, absence and location of râles, together with the importance during treatment of their increase and decrease, in the prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. My purpose here is to determine the comparative value of certain symptoms in aiding us to predict for our patients something of their ultimate chances of recovery. This analysis, as in the two previous communications, is based on a study of one thousand consecutive admissions to the Trudeau Sanatorium during the years from 1907 to 1913. As twenty of these cases for one reason or another have not been included in these statistics, the tabulations are based on 980 cases. As a result of the follow up system employed at the sanatorium, we are able to tell the present condition, or, to be more exact, the condition in 1918, of all
Complications During Insertion of Narrow-Bore Feeding Tubes-Reply
Authors: Robert W. Hand
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  Since the publication of our article, Inadvertent Transbronchial Insertion of Narrow-Bore Feeding Tube Into the Pleural Space, two more articles 1,2 that I have reviewed have appeared on the same complication. Dr Bohnker and Dr Alessi and colleagues have pointed out two further articles on the same subject.  These several reports from different centers suggest that the frequency of this complication is greater than previously suspected. When placing these tubes, an x-ray film should be obtained before feeding, to ascertain correct positioning.