tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Creation of Adam: Divine Funster Decrees We Are What We Eat: Chicken?
Authors: Joseph C. Cremone
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Meshberger<sup>1</sup>has studied Michelangelo's<i>Creation of Adam</i>and found the outlines of neuroanatomic structures within the fresco, in particular, the encompassing outline of a brain. A scientist might use an image that is humanly comprehensible to express an abstract concept; an artist, on the other hand, sometimes turns to scientific or anatomic references to convey philosophical principles or abstract ideas. Art and science—imagination and realism—thus become mutually enhancing and all the more powerful because of each other. Dr Meshberger's interpretation of Michelangelo's fresco is intriguing to both physicians and art historians alike. Such humanistic studies can raise the aesthetics of our profession to a higher level.
Cancer and the Coroner
Authors: Gordon K. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1977)

There exist few reports concerning cancer presenting in forensic autopsies. This study of 1,300 consecutive forensic autopsies yielded 22 cases of single cancers (1.7%) of multiple primary sites and histologic types. The forensic autopsy affords unique opportunity to study not only diagnosed and treated trauma, disease, and cancer, but the natural evolution of untreated cancer as well. Clinically occult cancer is not uncommon and may eventually present clinically or at autopsy in unusual fashion. Advanced cancer may, sometimes on initial presentation, be responsible for sudden, unexpected death. Persons with cancer, even in an advanced state, uncommonly commit suicide. Conversely, those committing suicide ostensibly because of known cancer infrequently prove to have cancer at autopsy. Through these autopsy studies, the forensic pathologist gains information invaluable for statistical, clinical, and medicolegal purposes, truly fulfilling his role of "community pathologist." (<i>JAMA</i>237:786-788, 1977)
Adrenomedullin Augments Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Cytokine-Stimulated Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Uichi Ikeda, Toshiko Kanbe, Yasuhiro Kawahara, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama, Kazuyuki Shimada
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Plasma levels of adrenomedullin are increased in patients with congestive heart failure, but there has been no report concerning the effects of adrenomedullin on the heart. We investigated the effects of adrenomedullin on NO synthase activity in cardiac myocytes. Methods and Results We measured the production of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes with the Griess reagent. Inducible NO synthase mRNA and protein expression were assayed by Northern and Western blotting, respectively. Incubation of the cultures with interleukin-1β (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours caused a significant increase in nitrite accumulation. Adrenomedullin significantly augmented nitrite production by interleukin-1β–stimulated but not by unstimulated cardiac myocytes in a dose-dependent manner (10 −10 to 10 −6 mol/L). The adrenomedullin-induced nitrite production by interleukin-1β–stimulated cells was accompanied by increased inducible NO synthase mRNA and protein expression. In the presence of dibutyryl cAMP, the interleukin-1β–induced nitrite accumulation was increased further, but the stimulatory effect of adrenomedullin on nitrite production was abolished. Adrenomedullin dose-dependently increased intracellular cAMP levels in cardiac myocytes. Addition of the calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist CGRP[8-37] to the culture dose-dependently inhibited both cAMP and NO generation stimulated by adrenomedullin. Conclusions These results indicate that adrenomedullin acts on cardiac myocytes and augments NO synthesis in these cells under cytokine-stimulated conditions, at least partially through a cAMP-dependent pathway.
Antitumor Immunity Triggered by Melphalan Is Potentiated by Melanoma Cell Surface–Associated Calreticulin
Authors: Aleksandra M. Dudek-Perić, Gabriela B. Ferreira, Angelika Muchowicz, Jasper Wouters, Nicole Prada, Shaun Martin, Santeri Kiviluoto, Magdalena Winiarska, Louis Boon, Chantal Mathieu, Joost van den Oord, Marguerite Stas, Marie-Lise Gougeon, Jakub Golab, Abhishek D. Garg, Patrizia Agostinis
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Systemic chemotherapy generally has been considered immunosuppressive, but it has become evident that certain chemotherapeutic drugs elicit immunogenic danger signals in dying cancer cells that can incite protective antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated whether locoregionally applied therapies, such as melphalan, used in limb perfusion for melanoma (Mel-ILP) produce related immunogenic effects. In human melanoma biopsies, Mel-ILP treatment upregulated IL1B, IL8, and IL6 associated with their release in patients' locoregional sera. Although induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells by melphalan in vitro did not elicit threshold levels of endoplasmic reticulum and reactive oxygen species stress associated with danger signals, such as induction of cell-surface calreticulin, prophylactic immunization and T-cell depletion experiments showed that melphalan administration in vivo could stimulate a CD8(+) T cell-dependent protective antitumor response. Interestingly, the vaccination effect was potentiated in combination with exogenous calreticulin, but not tumor necrosis factor, a cytokine often combined with Mel-ILP. Our results illustrate how melphalan triggers inflammatory cell death that can be leveraged by immunomodulators such as the danger signal calreticulin.
Accuracy and Predictive Value of Classification Schemes for Ketosis-Prone Diabetes
Authors: Ashok Balasubramanyam, Mario Maldonado
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Fernandez et al. (1) report frequencies of ketosis-prone diabetic (KPD) patients with or without long-term β-cell function that differ markedly from ours (2) and suggest that the Aβ classification scheme is therefore inaccurate.

Ethnicity may affect the prevalence of KPD subtypes; insulin-dependent subtypes may predominate among Caucasians, as we previously reported (3) and as they also show. However, this does not mean that the Aβ scheme's accuracy in predicting long-term β-cell functional status differs across ethnic populations. Apparent differences may be due to other characteristics of the phenotypes selected for analysis. If we select within our heterogeneous cohort only patients with key characteristics similar to those …
Durability of peginterferon alfa-2b treatment at 5 years in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Kenneth Kar-Lung Yan, Angel Mei-Ling Chim, Hoi-Yun Chan, Chi-Hang Tse, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, Anthony Wing-Hung Chan, Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Approximately 30%-40% of patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon and/or lamivudine achieve HBeAg seroconversion 6 months after the end of treatment. The durability and long-term effect of treatment are unknown. In this study, 85 HBeAg-positive patients who received peginterferon alfa-2b 1.5 μg/kg/week for 32 weeks and lamivudine 100 mg/day for 52 or 104 weeks were prospectively followed for 6.1 ± 1.7 years posttreatment. Twenty-five (29%) patients had virologic response (HBeAg seroconversion and HBV DNA &lt;10,000 copies/mL) at 5 years. The rate of HBeAg seroconversion rose progressively from 37% at the end of treatment to 60% at 5 years. Twenty-seven (32%) and 11 (13%) patients had undetectable HBV DNA (&lt;100 copies/mL) at the end of peginterferon treatment and at 5 years, respectively. Two (2.4%) patients achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance at 2.6 and 84 months posttreatment. Among virologic responders at the end of treatment, 82% and 57% and sustained HBeAg seroconversion and virologic response at 5 years. End-of-treatment serum quantitative HBsAg was significantly lower in patients with sustained virologic response at 5 years (median 1,431 IU/mL versus 2,689 IU/mL [ P = 0.041]). At the last follow-up, the liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography was 5.8 ± 2.7 kPa. Only two patients had liver stiffness suggestive of advanced fibrosis. Week 16 HBV DNA, end-of-treatment HBeAg seroconversion, and undetectable HBV DNA were independent factors associated with virologic response at 5 years. The duration of concomitant lamivudine treatment had no impact on any long-term response. Conclusion: Peginterferon has high durability in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with end-of-treatment virologic response. (Hepatology 2010;)
Thiopental infusion in the treatment of intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: Alastair Forbes, Graeme J. M. Alexander, John G. O'Grady, Richard Keays, Richard Gullan, Sheila Dawling, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure has a mortality in excess of 90% in the presence of renal failure if not rapidly responsive to mannitol and ultrafiltration. Based on data which suggest that barbiturates can be of value in controlling the intracranial hypertension of head injury, intravenous thiopental was assessed in 13 patients with fulminant hepatic failure. All had developed acute renal failure complicated by intracranial hypertension unresponsive to other modes of therapy and were likely by all published criteria to have little chance of survival. The dosage of thiopental was adjusted incrementally until intracranial pressure, measured by extradural transducers, fell to within normal limits or adverse hemodynamic changes occurred. The intracranial pressure was reduced, in each case, by 185 to 500 mg (median: 250 mg) thiopental given over 15 min, and in eight cases continuing infusion achieved stable normal intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Five of the patients made a complete recovery and there were only three deaths from intracranial hypertension. Side effects were few and included minor hypotension controlled by dose reduction. The response of otherwise intractable intracranial hypertension and the 38% survival rate was remarkable for a group of patients with such a poor prognosis.
Points: Rectal infusions of saline
Authors: W W Walther
Journal: BMJ (1982)

September, p 77) express surprise that deaths due to smothering of a baby by a cat do not occur more often.They do not occur more often because most mothers are well aware of the danger.A cat net is a standard piece of baby equipment which is routinely stretched over the pram when it is left unattended in a garden or anywhere frequented by cats.I am astonished that this simple expedient, dictated by common sense rather than by epidemiology, gets no mention in your "Any Questions."'
Relationship of Blood Mercury Levels to Health Parameters in the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <i>Caretta caretta</i> )
Authors: Rusty D. Day, Al L. Segars, Michael D. Arendt, A. Michelle Lee, Margie M. Peden-Adams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Mercury is a pervasive environmental pollutant whose toxic effects have not been studied in sea turtles in spite of their threatened status and evidence of immunosuppression in diseased populations.In the present study we investigate mercury toxicity in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) by examining trends between blood mercury concentrations and various health parameters.Blood was collected from free-ranging turtles, and correlations between blood mercury concentrations and plasma chemistries, complete blood counts, lysozyme, and lymphocyte proliferation were examined. Lymphocytes were also harvested from free-ranging turtles and exposed in vitro to methylmercury to assess proliferative responses.Blood mercury concentrations were positively correlated with hematocrit and creatine phosphokinase activity, and negatively correlated with lymphocyte cell counts and aspartate amino-transferase. Ex vivo negative correlations between blood mercury concentrations and B-cell proliferation were observed in 2001 and 2003 under optimal assay conditions. In vitro exposure of peripheral blood leukocytes to methylmercury resulted in suppression of proliferative responses for B cells (0.1 microg/g and 0.35 microg/g) and T cells (0.7 microg/g).The positive correlation between blood mercury concentration and hematocrit reflects the higher affinity of mercury species for erythrocytes than plasma, and demonstrates the importance of measuring hematocrit when analyzing whole blood for mercury. In vitro immunosuppression occurred at methylmercury concentrations that correspond to approximately 5% of the individuals captured in the wild. This observation and the negative correlation found ex vivo between mercury and lymphocyte numbers and mercury and B-cell proliferative responses suggests that subtle negative impacts of mercury on sea turtle immune function are possible at concentrations observed in the wild.
The Care of Burned Victims
Authors: Norman R. Bernstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The United States continues to have more home fires than any other country. The enormous number of household disasters, accidents in cars and factories leads to several hundred thousand burns each year serious enough to require hospitalization. Over 10 thousand of these people die. Most of these accidents are preventable, through fire-proofing of clothing, and safety precautions in homes, manufacturing plants and play areas. Within the hospital setting, the problems of caring for the burned patient are intricate, protracted and troublesome. Medical and surgical staffs look forward grimly to long periods of difficult care. What distinguishes this patient group is . . .
HOSPITALIZATIONS IN SINGLE VENTRICLE PATIENTS IN THE UNITED STATES: PREVALENCE AND OUTCOMES FROM 2000 TO 2006
Authors: Joseph William Rossano, David Goldberg, Antonio R. Mott, Chitra Ravishankar, J. William Gaynor, Christine Falkensammer, Stephen Paridon, Jack Rychik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Critical Role of a Transcription Elongation Regulator in Mammary Gland Development and Mammary Tumorigenesis.
Authors: S. Nair, R. Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract For a long time transcriptional regulation was thought to primarily regulated at the stage of transcription initiation. However, recent genome-wide studies suggest that the majority of genes, both active and inactive, in human cells experience transcription initiation and many of them have RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) physically present at the promoter-proximal region. Thus, transcription elongation may represent a common but under-explored step for mammalian gene regulation. Cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1), which was first identified as a BRCA1-binding protein, acts as an integral subunit of the negative elongation factor (NELF) complex to stall RNAPII at the promoter proximal regions of multiple estrogen-responsive genes. COBRA1/NELF-B also shares a number of target genes for transcriptional regulation with BRCA1 in breast cancer cells. In support of its potential role in tumor suppression, its reduced expression is strongly correlated with metastatic breast cancer and knockdown of COBRA1 leads to elevated hormone-dependent transcription and accelerated cell proliferation both in vitro and in xenograft models.In order to get a better understanding of the molecular functions of Cobra1 in mammary gland, we employed Cre-lox system to delete mouse Cobra1 in the mammary gland. These mammary gland-specific Cobra1 knockout mice exhibit severe defects in alveologenesis and lactogenesis. These animals also show abnormal epithelial morphology specifically in the luminal compartment. Luminal epithelial population isolated from these mice using cell surface markers showed reduced colony forming ability both in 2-D and 3-D cultures. Molecular basis for the Cobra1-associated developmental defects and the possible impact of Cobra1 deletion on mammary tumorigenesis will be discussed. By linking regulation of transcription elongation with mammary gland-specific functions, our work establishes a new mode of gene regulation in mammary gland development. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1152.
The Tulane University Medical Center: 150 Years of Medical Education
Authors: Martin S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In 1983, the Tulane Educational Fund commissioned Professor John Duffy, a noted medical historian at the University of Maryland, to prepare a sesquicentennial history of the Tulane University Medical School. Professor Duffy, formerly Professor of Medical History at Tulane, has been widely acclaimed for his previous scholarly works, particularly his history of the 1853 yellow fever epidemic in New Orleans. In this volume, Duffy chronicles in detail the history of the Tulane University Medical School from its inception in 1834 as the Medical College of Louisiana to the present. Also included are brief histories of the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, The Delta Regional Primate Center, and the University Health Service. The dates, personalities, and social situations have been meticulously researched and are presented chronologically in a style that makes the book so interesting that it reads almost like a novel. In historical terms, this is a compendium
A serum marker for the activity of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: A H N Gerratt
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Kodera M, Hasegawa M, Komura K, et al . Serum pulmonary and activation regulated chemokine/CCL18 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum2005;52:2889–96 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Assessing the activity of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis requires both bronchoalveolar lavage and serial high resolution computed tomography. A blood test for the diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary fibrosis would be simpler and less invasive. Serum levels of KL-6 and SP-D show some correlation with … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArthritis%2Band%2Brheumatism%26rft.stitle%253DArthritis%2BRheum%26rft.aulast%253DKodera%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D52%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D2889%26rft.epage%253D2896%26rft.atitle%253DSerum%2Bpulmonary%2Band%2Bactivation-regulated%2Bchemokine%252FCCL18%2Blevels%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bsystemic%2Bsclerosis%253A%2Ba%2Bsensitive%2Bindicator%2Bof%2Bactive%2Bpulmonary%2Bfibrosis.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1002%252Fart.21257%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16142750%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/art.21257&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16142750&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F12%2F1018.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000232115700037&link_type=ISI
IMPACT OF MEDIAL EDGE DISSECTION ON LONG–TERM RESULTS AFTER STENT IMPLANTATION IN THE SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERY: AN INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND STUDY
Authors: Kojiro Miki, Kenichi Fujii, Daizo Kawasaki, Masashi Fukunaga, Hiroto Tamaru, Takahiro Imanaka, Masahiko Shibuya, Motomaru Masutani, Mitsumasa Ohyanagi, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A METHOD OF DEMONSTRATING TUBERCLE BACILLI IN THE URINE
Authors: STEPHEN G. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In establishing a diagnosis of renal tuberculosis, certain points of information are essential. Among these is the finding of tubercle bacilli in the urine of the patient suspected of having tuberculosis—in a catheter specimen from the bladder; or, better yet, from the urine obtained by means of a ureteral catheter from the renal pelvis itself.  At best, in certain cases, especially in those early cases in which a diagnosis is most desired, a satisfactory result is often difficult. In view of this fact, believing that positive smears should be obtained in a greater number of instances, Dr. E. G. Crabtree,1 of the genito-urinary service of the Massachusetts General Hospital, in 1914 employed the so-called dilution method for finding the tubercle bacilli. A modification of this method is now presented with the hope and belief that thereby the results may be further improved.  Before the advent of the dilution method, the
A sequential comparison of etretinate (TigasonR) and isotretinoin (RoaccutaneR) with special regard to their effects on serum lipoproteins
Authors: C. VAHLQUIST, G. MICHAELSSON, A. VAHLQUIST, B. VESSBY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Etretinate and isotretinoin were compared with respect to their clinical effects and changes in serum lipoprotein concentrations. Sixteen patients with hyperkeratotic and pustular disorders of hands and feet (mainly palmoplantar pustulosis) underwent a double‐blind cross‐over study. The daily doses of etretinate and isotretinoin were 50 and 40 mg, respectively. Each drug was given for 2 months with a 2‐month intermission. The clinical score was reduced both by isotretinoin (P < 0.05) and etretinate (P < 0.001). Both drugs affected the lipoprotein concentrations. Isotretinoin increased the cholesterol concentration in low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) by 20% and the triglyceride concentration in very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) by 35%, but decreased the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12%. Etretinate elevated LDL‐cholesterol by 10%. These changes had reverted to normal 8 weeks after the end of treatment. The data suggest that in the diseases studied, etretinate is preferable to isotretinoin with regard to both clinical effect and serum lipid side‐effects.