tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MEDICAL SERVICE IN THE CONSERVATION OF INDUSTRIAL MAN POWER
Authors: C. D. SELBY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It must be realized that a decisive victory can not be gained by the Allies until the resources of the United States in men and supplies are made available for that purpose. Our national war problems are (1) to mobilize and train for military purposes approximately 5,000,000 men, (2) to manufacture the supplies necessary to provide them with facilities for fighting, and (3) to transport men and supplies to France quickly and safely. The production and transportation of supplies enough to maintain a fighting force of 5,000,000 men, it is estimated, will require the work of at least 25,000,000 people in the mines and on the farms, in the factories and on the railroads and the ships. This means a tremendous industrial expansion. It has already begun. Small factories have become large establishments, and rural communities have become centers of industry. <h3>CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION</h3> Labor was not prepared to
In the bad old days
Authors: Russell Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I embarked on medical training in 1961 as a mature student with two years of general dental practice and three years of hospital oral surgery and maxillofacial trauma behind me. My second six month preregistration post was as a surgical house officer at a busy London hospital. My responsibilities spread over four firms, each headed by a teaching hospital consultant, and included 60 beds on-take alternate weeks with an additional 60 to cover plus casualty at night time. The experience of “hands on” general surgery, urology, and gynaecology was fantastic, but so was the fatigue.

One evening I was called to casualty to find an obese, partially collapsed lady bleeding copiously from the vagina who had missed a couple of periods. Her pulse was weak, her blood pressure barely recordable, and her major veins impalpable. As I started to catheterise the patient to provide fluid, I sent …
The cultivated mind
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Between technical education and the so-called liberal studies, there is a wide gap. The physician, everyone piously agrees, should be an educated man. The cultivated mind is certainly a desiratum. But what<i>is</i>a cultivated mind, and how can it be attained? In this readable book the author indicates three qualities which distinguish the cultivated mind: it deals with concepts in a rational fashion and tries to learn, seeking understanding, meanings, and reasons; second, it is discriminating and capable of making appropriate distinctions; and third, its central concern is mankind—that is, it displays a humanistic interest. To help us achive these characteristics, to help us cultivate our minds, the author sketches out in skillful fashion some of the important areas of human knowledge. From various fields he selects certain leaders and indicates how their personalities, writings, and achievements contribute to culture. Modern civilization is founded upon science. Aristotle, Bacon, Newton,
COUNCIL ON MEDICAL EDUCATION AND HOSPITALS
Authors: Donald G. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Case for Intravenous Arginine Stimulation In Lieu of Mixed-Meal Tolerance Tests as Outcome Measure for Intervention Studies in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Carla Greenbaum, Kristy Seidel, Catherine Pihoker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Residual β-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes has been generally determined by C-peptide response to stimulation by a liquid mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) or intravenous glucagon (1). Early trials assessed benefits of therapy by frequency and duration of the clinical remission phase in which minimal or no exogenous insulin was needed to maintain euglycemia (reviewed in 2). What is now needed is the most sensitive, and not necessarily the most physiologic measure, so that any improvement in β-cell function during a clinical trial can be detected. Both the MMTT and the intravenous glucagon test have practical limitations. The MMTT takes 2–4 h to complete, and the stimulus is subject to variations in gastrointestinal absorption, while the intravenous glucagon test often invokes nausea.

In contrast, the use of intravenous arginine to stimulate and measure β-cell secretion takes only a few minutes to perform, circumvents gastrointestinal variation, and is clinically well tolerated. In addition, responses to this nonglucose secretagogue have been demonstrated to persist after the diagnosis of diabetes at a time when responses to glucose are gone (3–6). Our goal was to determine whether arginine-stimulated C-peptide could be used in lieu of MMTT as an outcome measure for intervention studies in recent-onset type 1 diabetes.

Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained before the study began. Nineteen subjects between 7–42 and 1–24 …
Is There a Functional Heterogeneity among IgE‐Type Mast Cell‐Sensitizing Antibodies?
Authors: H. Bergstrand, R. Pauwels, H. Bazin
Journal: Allergy (1986)

It has recently been established that mast cells display functional heterogeneity. The question then arises whether the IgE‐type of antibody, which avidly binds to and thereby sensitizes mast cells and basophils for allergen‐induced release of mediators, also expresses functional heterogeneity. In the present article we bring together several experimental observations, mainly from the rat system, which are difficult to explain unless one postulates that mat cell/basophil‐sensitizing antibodies of the IgE‐type re heterogeneous in their cell‐binding properties.
Introducing a new group B meningococcus vaccine
Authors: D. Isaacs, J. McVernon
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Many forces affect the final decision

The introduction of a new vaccine is highly complex, particularly a new category of vaccine with no biological precedent. The new group B meningococcus vaccine Bexsero (4CMenB),1 developed using a genomic based reverse vaccinology approach,2 is a case in point. When a vaccine is targeted against a relatively common disease, the company usually sponsors a large randomised controlled trial to show that the vaccine works. Group B meningococcal infection is sufficiently rare, however, that such a trial is not feasible.

In most countries, advice on vaccines and immunisation programmes is given to governments by independent committees. This advice includes data on vaccine effectiveness, the likelihood that the vaccine will confer herd immunity (protect some unimmunised people by reducing carriage or spread of disease), safety, and cost effectiveness. In the United Kingdom, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) has such a role. In the UK,3 and in Australia, Canada, the United States, and many European countries, the government is not permitted in law to fund an immunisation programme unless the immunisation advisory committee says it is cost effective.

Different countries allow different assumptions in the modelling, so they do not always reach the same decision. The process usefully distances …
Distinct vascular lesions in giant cell arteritis share identical T cell clonotypes.
Authors: C M Weyand, J Schönberger, U Oppitz, N N Hunder, K C Hicok, J J Goronzy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a spontaneous vasculitic syndrome that specifically targets the walls of medium and large arteries. Vascular lesions are characterized by patchy granulomatous infiltrates composed of T cells, macrophages, histiocytes, and giant cells. To test the hypothesis that a locally residing antigen recruits T cells into the vessel walls, we have analyzed T cell receptor (TCR) molecules of tissue infiltrating T cells. A total of 638 CD4+ T cell clones were isolated from temporal artery specimens of three patients with GCA. Analysis of TCR molecules for the usage of V beta 1-V beta 20 revealed that all TCR V beta elements were represented, demonstrating that interleukin 2 (IL-2)-responsive T cells infiltrating the tissue are highly diverse. To detect expanded T cell specificities, we made use of the patchy character of the inflammatory disease and compared the TCR repertoire of T cells established from independent vasculitic foci of the same artery. Sequence analysis of TCR V beta chains documented that individual TCR specificities were present in multiple copies, indicating clonal expansion. T cells with identical beta chains were isolated from distinct inflammatory foci of the same patient. These specificities represented only a small fraction of tissue-infiltrating T cells and involved the V beta 5.3 gene segment in the two patients sharing the HLA-DRB1*0401 allele. The third complementarity determining region of clonally expanded TCR beta chains was characterized by a cluster of negatively and positively charged residues, suggesting that the juxtaposed antigenic peptide is charged. The sharing of identical T cell specificities by distinct and independent regions of the granulomatous inflammation suggests that these T cells are disease relevant and that their repertoire is strongly restricted. These data suggest that an antigen residing in the arterial wall is recognized by a small fraction of CD4+ T cells in the inflammatory process characteristic for GCA.
Vasculitis attributed to the nicotine patch (Nicotinell)
Authors: M.M. VAN DER KLAUW, E. VAN HILLO, W.H.H.W. VAN DEN BERG, E.P.M. BOLSIUS, F.F.J.M. SUTORIUS, B.H.C. STRICKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Nicotine-containing patches are used to facilitate tobacco withdrawal by mitigating abstinence symptoms and diminishing craving. We describe two patients who developed vasculitis in association with the use of a nicotine patch. The first concerns a patient who developed fever, arthritis, a generalized erythema and purpuric lesions, after 3 days use of nicotine patches. Laboratory results and a skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a leucocytoclastic vasculitis. After stopping use of the patch, the patient recovered. On challenge, the symptoms reappeared. The second patient developed purpuric lesions during the use of nicotine patches, and recovered fully after these were stopped. In these patients, nicotine patches seem to be causally related to the development of vasculitis.
Kv1.3 Channel Gene-Targeted Deletion Produces “Super-Smeller Mice” with Altered Glomeruli, Interacting Scaffolding Proteins, and Biophysics
Authors: D.A Fadool, K Tucker, R Perkins, G Fasciani, R.N Thompson, A.D Parsons, J.M Overton, P.A Koni, R.A Flavell, L.K Kaczmarek
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Expectoration of Bronchogenic Tumor Tissue
Authors: Allan R. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1976)

BRONCHOGENIC carcinoma can present itself in a variety of ways. Some patients with this disease may have an abnormal chest roentgenogram but no symptoms. Others may have manifestations of metastatic disease. Although cough and hemoptysis are common, expectoration of tumor tissue as a part of the presenting complaint is extremely rare. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 78-year-old man came to the emergency room complaining of hemoptysis for the past 12 hours. Bleeding was initially brisk but had steadily decreased in amount. He had noted an irritative cough for about three months that did not respond to antibiotics, expectorants, or bronchodilators. The patient denied any acute dyspnea, sputum production, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, angina, ankle edema, pleuritic pain, bone pain, or weight loss. He had a myocardial infarction at 51 years of age. He was being treated for chronic atrial fibrillation, with digoxin, 0.25 mg daily. He worked 42 years in
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Outcomes in Black and White Children-Reply
Authors: Ching-Hon Pui
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Pinkel raises the interesting question of whether improved survival rates for black children treated at St Jude since 1984 might reflect improvements in nutritional status. To address this question, we determined the proportions of black children who had subnormal nutritional status (ie, body weight less than 90% of ideal, defined as the 50th percentile of weight for height in a standard growth chart<sup>1,2</sup>). These proportions did not differ from the early treatment era to the recent treatment era (26% vs 24%;<i>P</i>=.99). Thus, nutritional status is unlikely to have contributed to the change in treatment outcome. Unfortunately, parental occupation and education are not routinely addressed in our admissions questionnaires, so specific comparison of socioeconomic status based on these factors is not possible. Pinkel suggests that longer follow-up is needed for outcome analysis in ALL. However, definitions of cure change with improved treatment. We have shown
Fever of unknown origin: What is remarkable in the elderly in a developing country?
Authors: İbrahim Koral Önal, Mustafa Cankurtaran, Mustafa Çakar, Meltem Halil, Zekeriya Ülger, Burcu Balam Doğu, Ömrüm Uzun, Serhat Ünal, Servet Arıoğul
Journal: Journal of Infection (2005)
George Bray: the nutrition message must be spread
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The politics of nutrition and obesity, concerns that have grown to spectacular prominence in the last few years, are the new charges of George A. Bray, MD, obesity researcher and professor of medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine. Recently appointed nutrition coordinator for the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW), Bray has undertaken to teach the American public how to make prudent dietary choices—a task not only difficult but perhaps impossible in the face of an underfunded research effort in the area of nutrition as well as waning public concern for the serious health consequences of obesity. "Although nutritional concern seems to have become more prominent in the last 15 years," Bray told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS, "public interest has not truly grown. As a result the average American today is heavier than a person of the same height was ten years ago." Data from
A Meta-Analysis of the Mechanism of Blood Pressure Change With Aging
Authors: Arun J. Baksi, Thomas A. Treibel, Justin E. Davies, Nearchos Hadjiloizou, Rodney A. Foale, Kim H. Parker, Darrel P. Francis, Jamil Mayet, Alun D. Hughes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Botulism-like syndrome after botulinum toxin type A injections for focal hyperhidrosis
Authors: V. Tugnoli, R. Eleopra, R. Quatrale, J.G. Capone, M. Sensi, E. Gastaldo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Botulism‐like syndrome after botulinum toxin type A injections for focal hyperhidrosis Get access V. Tugnoli, V. Tugnoli Neurological Department, S.Anna Hospital, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Correspondence: Dr Valeria Tugnoli E‐mail: vtugnoli@hotmail.com vtugnoli@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Eleopra, R. Eleopra Neurological Department, S.Anna Hospital, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Quatrale, R. Quatrale Neurological Department, S.Anna Hospital, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.G. Capone, J.G. Capone Neurological Department, S.Anna Hospital, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Sensi, M. Sensi Neurological Department, S.Anna Hospital, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Gastaldo E. Gastaldo Neurological Department, S.Anna Hospital, Corso Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 4, 1 October 2002, Pages 808–809, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.49101.x Published: 01 October 2002
Treating major depression in children and adolescents
Authors: Macey L Murray, Ian C K Wong, Corinne S de Vries
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Screening without evidence of efficacy Thyroid ultrasonography is another exampleEditor-I agree with Law's view of screening, that screening of unproved value should not be advocated. 1 As a clinical endocrinologist I often have to deal with patients' anxieties about non-palpable incidental findings on thyroid ultrasonography, often performed for wrong or unjustified reasons.Sometimes patients arrive with already established surgical complications after unnecessary thyroid operations.Although a substantial number of incidental thyroid nodules may be histologically malignant, 2 their clinical importance has never been proved.A recent preliminary study indicates that the progression rate of non-palpable proved thyroid malignant nodules to clinically significant lesions may be very low. 3 Thyroid ultrasonography is an additional example of an often used, often non-efficacious screening modality that may lead to "cascade iatrogenesis." 4
A Phase II Randomized Trial of Gefitinib Alone or with Tegafur/Uracil Treatment in Patients with Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Who had Failed Previous Chemotherapy
Authors: Yuh-Min Chen, Wen-Chien Fan, Chun-Ming Tsai, Shih-Hao Liu, Jen-Fu Shih, Teh-Ying Chou, Chieh-Hung Wu, Kun-Ta Chou, Yu-Chin Lee, Reury-Perng Perng, Jacqueline Whang-Peng
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
The Real Cost of Food
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Kenneth S. Rogoff, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tc-99m Sestamibi Imaging of a Pancreatic VIPoma and Parathyroid Adenoma in a Patient With Multiple Type I Endocrine Neoplasia
Authors: FERNANDO CESANI, RANDY ERNST, ERIC WALSER, JAVIER VILLANUEVA-MEYER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Technetium-99m sestamibi is known to localize in primary malignant and metastatic tumors. Specifically, brain, breast, thyroid, parathyroid, lung, and kidney tumors have been imaged. The Verner Morrison syndrome, which is caused by excessive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), consists of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria. This condition is rarely associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia. The authors present a case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I with visualization of a pancreatic VIPoma and parathyroid adenoma with Tc-99m MIBI.
Nitric Oxide Inhalation During Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: NÚRIA ROGER, JOAN A. BARBERÁ, JOSEP ROCA, IRENE ROVIRA, FEDERICO P. GÓMEZ, ROBERT RODRIGUEZ-ROISIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may develop hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension when exercising. To investigate whether inhaled nitric oxide (NO), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, modifies the changes induced by exercise in pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in COPD, we studied nine patients (FEV1 = 39 ± 2% predicted), at rest and at submaximal exercise, during breathing of room air and NO (40 ppm). NO inhalation decreased pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) both at rest and during exercise (analysis of variance [ANOVA] p < 0.05). However, the effect of NO on PaO2 was different at rest than during exercise. At rest, NO decreased PaO2 from 72 ± 3 mm Hg to 65 ± 2 mm Hg, due to an increase in ventilation–perfusion (V˙ a/Q˙) inequality (dispersion of blood flow distribution from 0.9 ± 0.1 to 1.1 ± 0.1). During exercise, PaO2 decreased during breathing of room air ( − 5 ± 3 mm Hg), whereas it remained essentially unchanged during inhalation of NO ( + 2 ± 3 mm Hg), with both changes being significantly different (p < 0.05). V˙ a/Q˙ relationships improved during exercise during breathing of both room air and NO, as a result of a reduction in the dispersion of ventilation distribution. Moreover, NO administered on exertion contributed to redistribute blood flow from alveolar units with low V˙ a/Q˙ ratios to units with normal ratios (p < 0.05). We conclude that in patients with COPD, the inhalation of NO during exercise moderately reduces pulmonary hypertension, and that in contrast with the effects of such inhalation at rest, it may prevent the exercise-associated decrease of PaO2 . This effect is probably explained by a preferential distribution of inhaled NO during exercise to well-ventilated alveolar units with faster time constants and normal V˙ a/Q˙ ratios.
Bronchogenic carcinoma, stages 3 and 4. Palliation by radiotherapy
Authors: M. D. Schulz
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The radiotherapy in the management of cancer of the lung is first to cure the disease; second, to prolong useful and comfortable existence; and third, to provide comfort and relief of suffering to those who are symptomatic and incurable. Cancers of the lung vary quite widely in their response to radiation. Those of glandular origin, the adenocarcinoma, are more often than not of modest susceptibility and sometimes quite resistant. The very undifferentiated, the so-called oat-cell cancers, are often of exquisite sensitivity, responding to irradiation almost like lymphomas. Most cancer of the lung, however, is squamous-cell carcinoma and as such may be considered to be moderately radiosensitive in much the same order of magnitude as squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin, cervix or larynx, and should, in theory, be curable by this means in the same degree. Unfortunately, this has to date not been found to be true. The reasons are principally