tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Auscultatory Signs in Rheumatic Valvular Disease
Authors: Mariano M. Alimurung, Maurice B. Rappaport, Howard B. Sprague
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

JONES1 emphasized the significance of carditis, particularly valvular involvement, as the most valuable single criterion in the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. Therefore, auscultation is naturally one of the most important diagnostic procedures in this disease. Although the auscultatory findings are often fairly characteristic, there are many cases in which interpretation is extremely difficult. On the one hand, the acoustic signs may be inconclusive, and on the other, the inherent and individual limitations in the human hearing mechanism may produce inadequate auscultatory perception, with resulting erroneous interpretation.The value of auscultation in valvular disease, which has been apparent since Laënnec2 first . . .
Targeting of Lymphotoxin-α to the Tumor Elicits an Efficient Immune Response Associated with Induction of Peripheral Lymphoid-like Tissue
Authors: David Schrama, Per thor Straten, Wolfgang H. Fischer, Alexander D. McLellan, Eva-Bettina Bröcker, Ralph A. Reisfeld, Jürgen C. Becker
Journal: Immunity (2001)
Noncoordinate regulation of alpha-1 adrenoreceptor coupling and reexpression of alpha skeletal actin in myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular failure in rats.
Authors: L G Meggs, J Tillotson, H Huang, E H Sonnenblick, J M Capasso, P Anversa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To determine the effects of myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular failure on the regulation of surface alpha-1 adrenoreceptors and signal transduction, large infarcts were produced in rats and the animals killed seven days later. After the documentation of impaired left ventricular pump performance, radioligand binding studies of the alpha-1 adrenoreceptor, norepinephrine-stimulated phosphoinositol turnover, and ADP ribosylation of 41 kD substrate by pertussis toxin were examined in the hypertrophying unaffected myocardium. Moreover, the expression of sarcomeric actin isoforms was analyzed by Northern blots and hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes. Alpha-1 adrenoreceptor density was found not to be altered in membranes obtained from the spared left ventricular tissue, whereas phosphoinositol turnover was increased 3.1-fold in the viable myocytes of infarcted hearts. Furthermore, pertussis toxin substrate was augmented 2.5-fold in membranes prepared from the surviving left ventricular myocardium. Finally, an upregulation of the skeletal actin isoform was detected in the tissue of the failing left ventricle. In conclusion, the possibility is raised that in the presence of severe myocardial dysfunction and ongoing reactive hypertrophy, effector pathways linked to the alpha-1 adrenoreceptor may stimulate the myocyte hypertrophic response which would tend to normalize cardiac hemodynamics. The reexpression of alpha skeletal actin may be a molecular indicator of the persistance of an overload on the myocardium.
Strikes by House Staff
Authors: Jonathan D. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the study of the psychiatric house staff strike at Lincoln Hospital (239:1056, 1978), the authors point out that the psychological support necessary to go on strike derived in substantial measure from the atypical situation at Lincoln. The strikers were all foreign medical graduates; the senior staff was supportive; the house staff decided to protect themselves by abiding by majority rule; community deterioration reinforced radical thinking. However, such actions can occur even where house staff conditions might be regarded as more atypical. In the spring of 1975, the Committee of Interns and Residents called a strike at many New York City hospitals, including my own, the wellknown Mount Sinai Hospital. At Mount Sinai, the vast majority of house staff were American-educated white men. The senior staff was generally perceived as unsympathetic. In comparison, strike leaders were careful to coerce no one, and majority rule was not considered.
Decreased bone mineral density in young adult IgE-mediated cow's milk–allergic patients
Authors: Liat Nachshon, Michael R. Goldberg, Naama Schwartz, Tali Sinai, Roni Amitzur-Levy, Arnon Elizur, Eli Eisenberg, Yitzhak Katz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Abdominal Obesity and Physical Inactivity as Risk Factors for NIDDM and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Indian, Creole, and Chinese Mauritians
Authors: Gary K Dowse, Paul Z Zimmet, Hassam Gareeboo, K George M M Alberti, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Caroline F Finch, Pierrot Chitson, Harish Tulsidas
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective We wanted to determine whether obesity, abdominal fat distribution, and physical inactivity act similarly and independently as risk factors for noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Hindu and Muslim Asian Indians, African-origin Creoles, and Chinese Mauritians. Research Design and Methods We examined a population-based random cluster sample of 5080 adult subjects from the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. Glucose tolerance was assessed with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and World Health Organization criteria. Results Univariate data and multiple logistic regression models indicated that age, family history of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waisthip ratio (WHR), and physical inactivity conveyed similar risk for NIDDM (and IGT) in each ethnic group. After adjusting for all other factors, Hindu ethnicity conferred additional risk for NIDDM (but not IGT) in men, but in women there were no clear ethnic differences. Although BMI and WHR were independently significant risk factors, WHR conveyed relatively stronger risk for NIDDM than BMI in women, whereas the converse was true in men. For ethnic groups combined, the independent odds ratios for IGT associated with moderate and low physical activity scores (relative to high) were 1.56 and 1.71 (P &amp;lt; 0.05), respectively, in men and 1.32 and 1.69 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in women. In subjects with asymptomatic NIDDM diagnosed during the survey, the independent odds ratios were 1.96 and 2.00 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in men and 1.73 and 2.70 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in women. Conclusions These data indicate that BMI, abdominally distributed fat, and physical inactivity are important independent risk factors for both IGT and NIDDM in diverse ethnic groups. Attributable risk fractions for Mauritius suggest that populationwide modification of levels of these risk factors could potentially result in substantially lower occurrence of NIDDM (and IGT). Such interventions should be attempted in high-risk populations.
PROTECTION OF PATIENTS AND OPERATORS FROM X-RAYS
Authors: FRANCIS CARTER WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The protection of operators and patients from stray x-rays when making roentgenograms or fluoroscopic examinations or in treatment is of immense importance, for the lack of knowledge of the dangerous effects of continuous exposure to x-rays, even of long wavelength, has resulted in a great many deaths of radiographers and workers in factories manufacturing x-ray tubes, from cancer of the skin. This danger is now obviated by the remote control possible with modern tubes. Sterilization and anemia are still, however, possible. In addition to the danger of either direct or scattered radiation, the air of the rooms in which high voltage currents flow may become contaminated with ozone and nitric oxide fumes, the inhalation of which are deleterious to the health of the personnel and may make sensitive patients ill. It is therefore necessary that all x-ray control and treatment rooms should be so located as to provide ample ventilation
THE PHYSICIAN AND THE PATIENT OF THE FUTURE
Authors: WENDELL C. PHILLIPS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Who can visualize or define the physician and the patient of the future? Human progress has always been associated with epoch making discoveries, and medicine, with other sciences, has blazed an enviable trail along the pathway of the ages. The marvelous achievements of the men of medicine of today are largely the outgrowth and fruition of similar achievements of the founders of our art. The history of no other science contains brighter pages than those illumined by the scientific conquests of the great men of medicine. The new developments in medical science have created the necessity for changes in modes, methods and economies so far reaching as to affect all phases of national, family and individual life. The physician both of the present and of the future must be an integral part of our civilization and much concerned with its changes. <h3>THE HERITAGE OF THE FUTURE PHYSICIAN</h3> Human sympathy evolved
Relationship Between HLA-C Locus and Restenosis After Coronary Artery Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Yoshiro Watanabe
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To determine the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Cross-sectional study in patients treated by PTCA at Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 65 patients (58 males and 7 females) with coronary artery stenosis who were consecutively selected between October 1994 and June 1995. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Significant relationships between the restenosis and the HLA-Cw1 <h3>Results.</h3> —Among HLA-C locus, Cw1 was negatively related to restenosis (multivariate adjusted odds ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.63;<i>P</i>=.007). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In HLA typing, Cw1 may be a useful marker for the prediction of restenosis after PTCA.
Bear Meat and Hypervitaminosis A
Authors: Paul J. Matte
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The EDITORIAL, Dangers of Eating Bear Meat, (220:274, 1972) triggered recall of information acquired as a medical student and unused to date.  In the seventh (1943) edition of Cecil's Medicine (p 662), there is a report of the pathology attributed to hypervitaminosis A, over the signature of Tom D. Spies. Severe illness from the ingestion of polar bear liver by dogs and men has long been known to Eskimos, and has been reported by members of arctic expeditions. Signs and symptoms include complete loss of hair, peeling of the skin, drowsiness, severe headache, and vomiting. In 1940, Douty reported development of violent headaches, nausea, and torpor the morning after he and several others ate freshly killed polar bear liver. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (sixth edition, 1970, p 419) lists among the effects of an excess of vitamin A in adults, headache, blurred vision or diplopia, nausea,
Abstract P4-05-11: A proteasomal signature of breast cancer cells
Authors: M Gaczynska, B Mueller, KA Rodriguez, PA Osmulski
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The multisubunit, multifunctional protease called proteasome as a part of the essential proteasome-ubiquitin pathway constitutes an attractive target for anti-cancer drugs. A proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is successful in blood cancers treatment, however trials with breast cancers yield disappointingly inconsistent results, likely stemming from the cancers’ diversity. Since bortezomib preferentially induces an apoptosis in cancerous cells, it is likely that differences in the proteasome pathway between the control and cancerous cells, and also between distinct cancers, contribute to this effect. Here we compared components of proteasome assemblies and their peptidase activities in seven breast cancer and two control cell lines in an attempt to find a common proteasomal signature of breast cancer. Defining a common proteolytic denominator for breast cancer cells should facilitate a rational drug design based on proteasomal inhibition. For this purpose, we analyzed cytosolic, nuclear and microsomal extracts from human cultured breast cells: control (MCF10A, Hs 578 Bst) and derived from distinct types of breast cancer: luminal A MCF7 and T47D, triple negative basal A MDA-MB-468, and triple negative basal B MDA-MB-231, Hs 578 T and BT-549. We found a high content of total proteasome in a microsomal fraction with a relatively prominent contribution from immuno proteasomes in all cancer cell lines. These proteasomes are believed to be localized on the outside of endoplasmic reticulum membrane and presumably take part in the endoplasmic reticulum - associated degradation system. Markedly, the pattern of peptidase activities of proteasome and content of subunits of its exchangeable sub-assemblies were specific for each fraction and discriminated between cancerous and control cells. Statistical analysis identified two clusters formed by the cell lines in the microsomal and nuclear fractions and a distinct clustering of the cytosols. Furthermore, three groups of variables, which tend to always cluster together were identified: the 19S regulatory particle subunits, immunoproteasome subunits and peptidolytic activities. Variables that the best quantitatively discriminate between the cell lines at a given level of total proteasome were immunoproteasome subunits and 19S cap subunit Rpt5. Additionally, the housekeeping subunit beta5 in the cytosol, the PA28 activator gamma subunit in the microsomal fraction and chymotrypsin like activity in the nuclear fraction qualitatively were the best markers aiding classification of the cell lines. We speculate that the distinct properties of proteasomes in the microsomal and nuclear fractions may contribute to specific response of the cancer cell lines to the treatment with proteasomal inhibitors. The study shows that a comprehensive analysis of the proteasome system in the established breast cancer cell lines may help to guide diagnostics and therapy design. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-05-11.
The Hippocratic Oath
Authors: Thomas E. Zabors
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with dismay a letter (<b>197</b>:930, 1966) under the heading "Hippocratic Modern." Personally, it is saddening to see the Hippocratic Oath ridiculed or degraded with attempts at humor. Prior to the distribution of diplomas, our class at medical school recited in unison a most inspiring condensed version of the Hippocratic Oath: I do solemnly swear by that which I hold most sacred That I will be loyal to the profession of medicine and just and generous to its members. That I will lead my life and practice my art in uprightness and honor. That into whatever house I shall enter it shall be for the good of the sick to the utmost of my power, holding myself aloof from wrong, from corruption, and from the tempting of others to vice. That I will exercise my art solely for the care of my patients and will
Untoward Reactions to Emulsion Therapy of Pollenosis
Authors: Howard B. Appelman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

PERUSAL of the literature since Freund and McDermott<sup>1</sup>described their adjuvant would perforce lead one to anticipate various untoward reactions to emulsion therapy of pollenosis. Both local and systemic reactions, either immediate or delayed, have been reported. Local reactions have been manifested by induration, with or without erythema, abscess formation, sterile as well as bacterial, some associated with a draining sinus, shoulder to finger-tip edema, local pain, and itch. Systemic or constitutional reactions consisted of flushing, generalized pruritus, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, rhinorrhea, sneezing, stuffy nose, cough, wheeze, dyspnea, cyanosis, angio-edema of eyes, headache, or uterine contractions.<sup>2</sup> Delayed and immediate skin reactivity have also been induced in nonatopic persons to an antigen, to which they were not previously sensitive, following injections of emulsified pollen extracts.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 16-year-old, white, obese female presented herself with a three months' history of an abscess and
Minding the Gaps—and the Junctions, Too
Authors: Lawrence F. Brass, Timothy J. Stalker
Journal: Circulation (2012)

P latelets may be small, but their behavior in vivo is governed by molecular mechanisms every bit as complex as those in larger cells.New molecules that provide unexpected insights turn up with surprising regularity.One recent example is the connexin family member Cx37 or GJA4.The role of Cx37 in platelets is examined in this issue of Circulation by Vaiyapuri et al, 1 but a related study by Angelillo-Scherrer et al 2 appeared here a year ago, and both will be considered together.
Bile duct damage after cold storage of deceased donor livers predicts biliary complications after liver transplantation
Authors: Stefan M. Brunner, Henrik Junger, Petra Ruemmele, Andreas A. Schnitzbauer, Axel Doenecke, Gabriele I. Kirchner, Stefan A. Farkas, Martin Loss, Marcus N. Scherer, Hans J. Schlitt, Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Authors: Kurt A. Oster
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The risk factorreduction data are derived mainly from the results of the Framingham study. The formula used in that investigation holds that a 10% reduction of the SC level of the US population will effect a 24.4% decrease in CHD incidence and that a 50% SC reduction will result in an incredible 84% reduction of CHD incidence, assuming a linear regression. This formula, erroneously modified from the original publication, equates risk with incidence. These figures are said to be valid for one year only, not for the six years of the MRFIT program. A more correct interpretation should read that CHD is 24.4% less likely to develop in those persons whose SC level is 10% lower than that of the average low-risk population.<sup>1</sup> Also used in arriving at the recommended SC reduction is the Walker-Duncan formula, wherein the figures represented hits, near-misses, and misses against various
Coming: a 'Dear Doctor' letter that you may want to ponder
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preoperative Echocardiography for Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: John M. Rich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 February 1998Preoperative Echocardiography for Noncardiac SurgeryJohn M. Rich, MDJohn M. Rich, MDMiami Valley Cardiologists; Dayton, OH 45409Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Klein's letter [1] on the echocardiographic ejection fraction determinations in the article by Halm and colleagues [2] raised an important question-are these determinations accurate enough to be used in important clinical decisions? Halm and colleagues' reply [3], that “the correlation and reproducibility between visually estimated echocardiographic ejection fraction and the gold standard, quantitative radionuclide angiography, are also quite high,” although correct, ignores an important point of the article they cited [4]. The last sentence of the abstract of this article marks the point that “when a precisely reproducible measurement is required for patient management decisions equilibrium ...References1. Klein HO. Preoperative echocardiography for noncardiac surgery [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:919. Google Scholar2. Halm EA, Browner WS, Tubau JF, Tateo IM, Mangano DT. Echocardiography for assessing cardiac risk in patients having noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:433-41. Google Scholar3. Halm EA, Browner WS, Tubau JF. Preoperative echocardiography for noncardiac surgery [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:919-20. Google Scholar4. Van Royen N, Jaffe CC, Krumholz HM, Johnson KM, Lynch PJ, et al. Comparison and reproducibility of visual echocardiographic and quantitative radionuclide left ventricular ejection fractions. Am J Cardiol. 1996; 77:843-50. Google Scholar5. Naik MM, Diamond GA, Pai T, Soffer A, Siegel RJ. Correspondence of left ventricular ejection fraction determinations from two dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide angiography and contrast cineangiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995; 25:937-42. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Miami Valley Cardiologists; Dayton, OH 45409 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4Page: 324-325KeywordsAngiographyDatabasesEchocardiographyEjection fractionReproducibilitySurgery Issue Published: 15 February 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin in infants admitted to hospital with infectious gastroenteritis.
Authors: M E Ellis, B K Mandal, E M Dunbar, K R Bundell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

During a prospective study of infectious gastroenteritis in children under 2 years, 19 out of 390 patients (4.9%) were found to have Clostridium difficile cytotoxin in the faeces. In several there was no history of use of antibiotics. The symptoms of many infants with toxin settled spontaneously, but one child became acutely and severely ill and developed a toxic megacolon and five others required, and responded to, vancomycin. Cl difficile was cultured from the stools in 191 (49%) of the children. The highly significant increased prevalence of past use of antibiotics in 118 control patients was not associated with an increased incidence of either isolation of Cl difficile or presence of faecal cytotoxin. Cl difficile should not be overlooked as a cause of acute diarrhoea and vomiting in children under 2 years.
421 Negative regulation of intracellular hepatitis C virus replication by interferon regulatory factor-3
Authors: T YAMASHIRO, M KUROSAKI, N SAKAMOTO, N ENOMOTO, N KANAZAWA, Y TANABE, S MAEKAWA, M NAKAGAWA, C CHEN, M WATANABE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Infections of bacteria and viruses induce host defense reactions known as innate responses that include the production of cytokines and chemokines. The production of type I interferon (IFN) is known to be induced by viral double-stranded (ds) RNA or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although important functions for the transcription factors NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) are indicated, the molecular signals leading to the activation of IFN genes have yet to be elucidated. We provide several lines of evidence that LPS and dsRNA trigger distinct intracellular signals upstream. Notably, our investigation revealed a critical function for TIRAP/MAL, a signaling adapter for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, in LPS-induced but not dsRNA-induced activation of IRF-3. These results highlight cross-talk between TLR-mediated and virus/dsRNA-induced signals resulting in activation of the IFN system.