tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vaccination in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Many characteristics of inner-city pediatric emergency departments (EDs) make them seem well suited to administer vaccines. They avoid the need for appointments and the inconvenient hours cited as impediments to vaccination,<sup>1</sup>and they have the equipment, drugs, and personnel needed to deal with severe adverse reactions.<sup>2</sup>In addition, a large proportion of the children seen in inner-city EDs are underimmunized. Two studies reported in this issue ofTHE JOURNALgive examples. In one,<sup>3</sup>36% of children 3 months to 5.5 years old had not received all age-appropriate immunizations according to their accompanying adults, and 47% had not received all immunizations according to their clinic records. In the other study,<sup>4</sup>18% to 29% of children 6 months to 5 years old needed measles vaccination and had no contraindication to receiving one during a measles epidemic. At the same time, these two articles<sup>3,4</sup>highlight problems with the
Autonomic regulation of postprandial plasma somatostatin, gastrin, and insulin.
Authors: M R Lucey, J A Wass, P Fairclough, J Webb, S Webb, S Medbak, L H Rees
Journal: Gut (1985)

To evaluate the neural regulation of postprandial somatostatin release we studied the effect of blockade of (a) alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic and (b) cholinergic receptors on the plasma somatostatin, gastrin and insulin responses to a standard meal in two groups of five fasting healthy male volunteers. Thymoxamine (0.1 mg/kg iv over two minutes then 10 mg/hour for two hours) and propranolol (0.15 mg/kg iv over two minutes, then 0.75 mg/kg/hour for two hours) were started just before eating while atropine (0.04 mg/kg/im) was given at 15 minutes on completion of the meal. There was a prompt and sustained rise in plasma somatostatin after a control meal in all experiments. This rise was arrested by atropine but not altered by either thymoxamine or propranolol. The plasma gastrin response to a meal was moderately enhanced by thymoxamine and markedly enhanced by atropine. Postprandial insulin release was not affected by alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockade but was abolished by atropine. The effect of atropine on the postprandial plasma somatostatin rise might have been mediated through reduction in gastric acidity or delay in gastric emptying. Hence we gave five fasting male volunteers and intraduodenal infusion of fat emulsion (25 calories in 30 minutes) on two occasions both alone and after atropine. Plasma somatostatin rose during the fat infusion alone and this rise was abolished by atropine. These data suggest that (a) cholinergic but not adrenergic mechanisms are important modulators of plasma somatostatin release after orally ingested and intraduodenally infused nutrients (b) atropine abolishes plasma somatostatin release independently of its effects on gastric acidity and motility and (c) are consistent with the hypothesis that atropine potentiates postprandial gastrin release through reduction of somatostatin mediated inhibition.
The controlled clinical trial turns 100 years: Fibiger's trial of serum treatment of diphtheria
Authors: A. Hrobjartsson, P. C Gotzsche, C. Gluud
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The British Medical Research Council's trial of streptomycin for pulmonary tuberculosis, published in 1948,1 has been proposed as the first randomised trial in which random numbers were used and allocation of patients was effectively concealed. Before 1948 several randomised trials had been reported,2 but the method of randomisation was either not stated3 or was open to selection bias—for example, randomisation with use of a deck of cards.4

The earliest of these trials was published in 1898.5 It investigated the effect of serum treatment on diphtheria and was conducted by the Danish Nobel laureate, Johannes Fibiger. It was the first clinical trial in which random allocation was used and emphasised as a pivotal methodological principle. This pioneering improvement in methodology, combined with a large number of patients and rigorous planning, conduct, and reporting, makes the trial a milestone in the history of clinical trials.

Fibiger's trial was published in Danish and its method of randomisation has often been quoted incorrectly. We have translated central passages into English (available on the BMJ website at www.bmj.com) and discussed its methodological merit.

### Summary points

A large randomised clinical trial was performed as early as 1898

Random allocation was emphasised as a central methodological principle

Patients were allocated to serum or no serum according to day of admittance, which created two comparable groups

The planning, conduct, and reporting of the trial was of high quality

The efficacy of serum treatment on diphtheria was shown

The trial was the first properly conducted controlled clinical trial

Johannes A G Fibiger (1867-1928) was born in Silkeborg, Denmark (figure). After receiving his medical degree in 1890 from the University of Copenhagen he visited Robert Koch and Emil von Behring in Germany. In 1895 Fibiger was awarded a doctoral degree for a thesis on diphtheria from the …
Adrenal insufficiency should be excluded before thyroxine replacement is started
Authors: I A Osman, P. Leslie
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—We strongly agree with C M Brosnan and N F C Gowing's comment that Addison's disease remains the unforgiving master of non-specificity and disguise.1 We report two cases of Addison's disease in which the finding of a raised thyroid stimulating hormone concentration during investigations of weight loss prompted inappropriate treatment with thyroxine and precipitated an addisonian crisis.

Case 1—A 58 year old woman presented to her general practitioner with persistent nausea, vomiting, and weight …
Vacuum Cleaner and Penis
Authors: Ian Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Dr. Zufall's letter (224:630, 1973) about the vacuum cleaner reminds me of a similar case I had, supposedly due to a dog bite! Privacy and the look of incredulity on my face brought the confession that the vacuum cleaner was being used as a novel way of masturbating, with alarming results.
The Effect of Posture on the Excretion of Water and Sodium by Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: THOMAS A. LOMBARDO
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Four patients with congestive heart failure were studied in the sitting and the recumbent positions. After hypotonic loading maximal diuresis set in at six hours, as compared with three hours in the normal subjects. Heart failure patients never excreted more than 50 per cent of water intake in either position. Likewise, these patients never equalled sodium intake with urinary excretion of sodium. Sodium excretion in the two positions was approximately the same. Increase in venous pressure, lengthening of circulation time, decline of vital capacity, and decline of serum sodium concentration were noted after each investigation period. These results are interpreted as indicating that the previously postulated intracranial volume regulating center is either inactive or over-powered by a more powerful mechanism in the patient with congestive heart failure.
The Radiologist Faces Automation
Authors: Laurence L. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

GEORGE W. Holmes came to the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1911 and worked there with Walter Dodd up to the time the latter left to serve with the first Harvard Medical Unit in World War I. In 1916 Dr. Holmes established the first training program in radiology, his first "resident" being the late Adelbert S. Merrill, of Manchester, New Hampshire. A long succession of outstanding radiologists were trained in the subsequent years. Dr. Holmes's ability to select candidates wisely has always been remarkable. Probably the basic foundation for his professional success lies in the fact that he is an extremely . . .
Purification, characterization, and pathogenicity of Moraxella bovis pili.
Authors: W W Ruehl, C F Marrs, R Fernandez, S Falkow, G K Schoolnik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Pilins composed of the alpha or beta pilins of Moraxella bovis strain Epp63 were purified, subjected to chemical or enzymatic cleavage, and the resulting fragments sequenced by automated Edman degradation. alpha Pilin was found to be a 155-amino-acid polypeptide with a single intramolecular disulfide bridge. The beta pilin amino acid sequence substantiated the previously reported structure derived from the beta pilin gene DNA sequence, and indicated that the alpha and beta pilins of this strain are approximately 70% homologous. DNA hybridization studies of genomic DNA from the alpha- and beta-piliated variants of strain Epp63 indicated that the expression of the two pilin types was governed by an oscillating mechanism of chromosomal rearrangement. The alpha and beta pili were evaluated serologically and found to exhibit approximately 50% shared antigenicity, indicating that regions of conserved and heterologous sequence specify both type-specific and crossreacting epitopes. The pathogenicity of the alpha- and beta-piliated variants was studied by ocular inoculation of calves eyes; beta-piliated organisms were significantly more infectious than alpha-piliated organisms, indicating that beta pili confer, or are associated with, a relative advantage during the first stages of ocular infection. Preliminary analysis of other M. bovis strains suggests that each strain produces two types of pilin, and that this property may be characteristic of the species.
More valid criteria may be needed
Authors: P. Little
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Zwart et al1 provide a welcome addition to the efficacy literature since a systematic review reports data from only three double blind studies among children and few from typical primary care settings.2 The study shows that—among a selected group of more unwell children (with two of the Centor criteria: absence of cough, history of fever, cervical nodes, and purulent pharynx)—antibiotics do not help symptomatically but may reduce imminent quinsy, impetigo, or scarlet fever.

There are several reasons to support the authors' reluctance to advocate immediate antibiotics, even in this more unwell subgroup. The study was not powered a priori to detect deterioration of illness, hence …
Copper-Transporting P-Type ATPase, ATP7A, Confers Multidrug Resistance and Its Expression Is Related to Resistance to SN-38 in Clinical Colon Cancer
Authors: Satsuki Owatari, Satoshi Akune, Masaharu Komatsu, Ryuji Ikeda, Stephen D. Firth, Xiao-Fang Che, Masatatsu Yamamoto, Kazutake Tsujikawa, Masaki Kitazono, Takashi Ishizawa, Toru Takeuchi, Takashi Aikou, Julian F.B. Mercer, Shin-ichi Akiyama, Tatsuhiko Furukawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract We and others have shown that the copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B play a role in cellular resistance to cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP). In this study, we found that ATP7A transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and fibroblasts isolated from Menkes disease patients enhanced resistance not only to CDDP but also to various anticancer drugs, such as vincristine, paclitaxel, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38), etoposide, doxorubicin, mitoxantron, and 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11). ATP7A preferentially localized doxorubicin fluorescence to the Golgi apparatus in contrast to the more intense nuclear staining of doxorubicin in the parental cells. Brefeldin A partially and monensin completely altered the distribution of doxorubicin to the nuclei in the ATP7A-expressing cells. ATP7A expression also enhanced the efflux rates of doxorubicin and SN-38 from cells and increased the uptake of SN-38 in membrane vesicles. These findings strongly suggested that ATP7A confers multidrug resistance to the cells by compartmentalizing drugs in the Golgi apparatus and by enhancing efflux of these drugs, and the trans-Golgi network has an important role of ATP7A-related drug resistance. ATP7A was expressed in 8 of 34 (23.5%) clinical colon cancer specimens but not in the adjacent normal epithelium. Using the histoculture drug response assay that is useful for the prediction of drug sensitivity of clinical cancers, ATP7A-expressing colon cancer cells were significantly more resistant to SN-38 than ATP7A-negative cells. Thus, ATP7A confers resistance to various anticancer agents on cancer cells and might be a good index of drug resistance in clinical colon cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4860–7]
Membrane proteins on human megakaryocytes and platelets identified by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Perumal Thiagarajan, Bice Perussia, Luigi De Marco, Katherine Wells, Giorgio Trinchieri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract We describe five monoclonal antibodies that react with four discrete antigens present on human platelets. Antibodies B2.12 and B59.2 precipitate the glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa complex from radiolabeled platelet membrane extracts and inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, or epinephrine. The antigen recognized by the two antibodies is present on megakaryocytes but either absent entirely or expressed in small amounts on platelets from Glanzmann's thrombasthenic patients. The antigen recognized by antibody B37.3 is absent from thrombasthenic platelets. Antibody B1.12 reacts with an antigen shared by platelets and 20% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation. Antibody B2.10 reacts specifically with platelets and megakaryocytes but does not affect platelet functions. Thus, these reagents are useful tools in diagnostic and functional studies of both normal and abnormal platelets.
Plan for a minimum price for alcohol in Scotland heads for defeat
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Plans to set a minimum price for alcohol in Scotland look all but over after the rejection of the proposal by the Scottish Parliament’s health committee.

Health organisations, the police, and some sections of the drinks industry have given strong support for the policy, but it has failed to win the support of the main opposition parties in the parliament. They voted to remove minimum pricing from the Alcohol Bill despite the introduction of a “sunset clause,” which would have seen the policy reviewed after six years and scrapped …
Toxic effects of depot tranquilisers in mental handicap.
Authors: M J Craft
Journal: BMJ (1977)

district management team for all medical laboratory investigations performed in the district."The IMLS document on "Future Staffing in the Medical Laboratory Service" further states that "senior members of the profession decide the priority of work to be done and play a part in deciding on further and conse- quent tests."I assume that "profession" referred to in this paragraph means members of the IMLS.
CASES OF SUDDEN DEATH IN NURSING INFANTS.
Authors: PAUL GRAWITZ
Journal: JAMA (1888)

The object of this communication is to call attention to a group of cases of death in nursing infants, which are of interest, because healthy children died with the symptoms of suffocation without any preliminary evidences of disease. I have observed two such cases which throw some light concerning the cause of death. According to my idea, a greatly enlarged thymus gland is the real explanation of the sudden asphyxia in both cases. The first case occurred about four years ago in Berlin. A child about 8 months of age was entrusted to the care of a servant girl. One morning this child, which hitherto had been entirely healthy, was found dead in bed. The feather coverlid, with which the little one was covered, seemed to be drawn somewhat high up over the mouth of the child. On account of these circumstances the attending servant girl was accused by the
High Altitude Illness
Authors: Charles S. Houston
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE INCREASING incidence of altitude illness is mainly caused by the ease and speed with which large numbers of people are now able to reach previously remote  mountain regions. In a recent article inThe Journal, Kleiner and Nelson 1 stated that high altitude pulmonary edema... is considered a rare entity in the United States and regarded as more of physiologic interest than clinical importance.... This presumed rarity may be unfounded and may actually represent a rarity in recognition rather than incidence. Pulmonary edema is only one of several manifestations of altitude illness. Despite the increasing frequency with which it is being described, many physicians are unaware of the problem, rarely see patients either in the acute or recovery stage, and are hesitant or unable to give appropriate advice as to future activities of patients who have been afflicted once.  There are three major clinical manifestations of altitude illness:
Cardiorespiratory Arrests and Rapid Response Teams in Pediatrics—Reply
Authors: Paul Sharek
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HYPERTENSION AND SECONDARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM ASSOCIATED WITH A RENIN-SECRETING RENAL JUXTAGLOMERULAR-CELL TUMOUR
Authors: J.J. Brown, A.F. Lever, J.I.S. Robertson, R. Fraser, J.J. Morton, M. Tree, P.R.F. Bell, J.K. Davidson, I.S. Ruthven
Journal: The Lancet (1973)
Integrin β7-mediated regulation of multiple myeloma cell adhesion, migration, and invasion
Authors: Paola Neri, Li Ren, Abdel Kareem Azab, Matthew Brentnall, Kathy Gratton, Alexander C. Klimowicz, Charles Lin, Peter Duggan, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Adnan Mansoor, Douglas A. Stewart, Lawrence H. Boise, Irene M. Ghobrial, Nizar J. Bahlis
Journal: Blood (2011)
ACUTE MENINGOCOCCIC ENDOCARDITIS AND SEPTICEMIA
Authors: E. B. KRUMBHAAR
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Although the portal of entry of the meningococcus has never been demonstrated, the evidence in favor of the nasopharyngeal route to the cerebromeninges has been so strong that it has been more or less generally accepted. Whether, however, it reaches the meninges by way of the blood stream or more directly by the olfactory nerves or ethmoid sinuses is still a much discussed detail. A growing list of cases of meningococcic septicemia (Baeslack and collaborators,<sup>1</sup>Raffaelli<sup>2</sup>and others) and a few acute meningococcic endocarditis (Worster-Drought and Kennedy,<sup>3</sup>Cecil and Soper<sup>4</sup>) have now been reported.<sup>5</sup>Furthermore, the type of initial fever and the finding of meningococci in the petechiae and elsewhere indicate that in many cases at least the infection is temporarily generalized (Netter<sup>6</sup>) and the occasional isolation of meningococci from the blood prior to their detection in the spinal fluid is added proof that
Points: Lupus-like syndrome induced by methyldopa
Authors: S H Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1982)

September, p 77) express surprise that deaths due to smothering of a baby by a cat do not occur more often.They do not occur more often because most mothers are well aware of the danger.A cat net is a standard piece of baby equipment which is routinely stretched over the pram when it is left unattended in a garden or anywhere frequented by cats.I am astonished that this simple expedient, dictated by common sense rather than by epidemiology, gets no mention in your "Any Questions."'
Neutralizing Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony–Stimulating Factor Inhibits Cigarette Smoke–induced Lung Inflammation
Authors: Ross Vlahos, Steven Bozinovski, Sheau Pyng Jamie Chan, Stefan Ivanov, Anders Lindén, John A. Hamilton, Gary P. Anderson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Cigarette smoke is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and there is currently no satisfactory therapy to treat people with COPD. We have previously shown that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) regulates lung innate immunity to LPS through Akt/Erk activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein (AP)-1.The aim of this study was to determine whether neutralization of GM-CSF can inhibit cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in vivo.Male BALB/c mice were exposed to cigarette smoke generated from 9 cigarettes per day for 4 days. Mice were treated intranasally with 100 microg 22E9 (anti-GM-CSF mAb) and isotype control antibody on Days 2 and 4, 1 hour before cigarette smoke or sham exposure. On the fifth day mice were killed, and the lungs were lavaged with PBS and then harvested for genomic and proteomic analysis.Cigarette smoke-exposed mice treated with anti-GM-CSF mAb had significantly less BALF macrophages and neutrophils, whole lung TNF-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 mRNA expression and lost less weight compared with smoke-exposed mice treated with isotype control. In contrast, smoke-induced increases in MMP-9 and net gelatinase activity were unaffected by treatment with anti-GM-CSF. In addition, neutralization of GM-CSF did not affect the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages.GM-CSF is a key mediator in smoke-induced airways inflammation, and its neutralization may have therapeutic implications in diseases such as COPD.
ECG Artifacts Simulating Atrial Flutter
Authors: A. Saint-Pierre
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Atrial flutter (223: 439, 1973), or ventricular fibrillation as reported by Labram (Nouvelle Presse Med1:2402, 1972) and by Delzant (Nouvelle Presse Med2:112, 1973) may be simulated by muscular tremulation with typical parkinsonism. A simple method of avoiding such artifacts is to place the two brachial electrodes (or even one if the tremulation is exactly unilateral) on the deltoid areas and not on the arms or forearms. The Figure emphasizes this fact, often observed, that corresponds to the inactivity of the proximal muscles in this condition; the upper line represents the ECG with antibrachial electrodes, the second line with elect rodes on the deltoids.
Annual Review of Physiology. Volume 22
Authors: Frederic T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This year's volume of the<i>Annual Review of Physiology</i>contains some chapters which continue subjects from last year's volume, namely reproduction; kidneys, water, and electrolytes; respiration; heart; peripheral circulation; alimentary tract; nerve excitation and synaptic transmission; visceral, somatic, and higher functions of the nervous system; and the adenohypophysis and adrenal cortex. Topics not represented in last year's volume are nuclear function and nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions, physiological aspects of genetics, developmental physiology, fuel of muscle metabolism, blood pigments, blood volume regulation, and physiology of vision. Last year's chapter on the pancreas, insulin, and glucagon is followed this year by a chapter on the thyroid. The amount of research work reviewed in these annual volumes is staggering, and the authors of the reviews deserve recognition for undertaking the labor of organizing the mass of new information and making it accessible to their colleagues. Fortunately the modern machinery for handling bibliographic data has facilitated