tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of lung clearance of 99mTc DTPA compared with other non-invasive investigations in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS.
Authors: D S Robinson, D A Cunningham, S Dave, J Fleming, D M Mitchell
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Various non-invasive investigations were carried out in patients infected with HIV who had respiratory symptoms with and without pneumocystis pneumonia (with pneumonia, n = 13 (five smokers); without pneumonia, n = 22 (13 smokers]. These included chest radiography; lung function tests (forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity; transfer factor and coefficient for carbon monoxide); arterial blood gas tensions; arterial oxygen saturation at rest and on exercise; and lung clearance of diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc DTPA). The effect of scan time (seven v 45 minutes from peak counts) and subtraction of background counts were examined. There were no significant differences between the two groups in lung function tests or arterial blood gas tensions at rest. The median clearance half time of inhaled 99mTc DTPA for the first seven minutes from peak counts was 7.2 minutes for patients with pneumocystis pneumonia and 22 minutes for those without. The median arterial oxygen desaturation on exercise was 5% in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia and 2% in those without. 99mTc DTPA lung clearance was better than the other non-invasive tests in discriminating pneumocystis pneumonia from other pulmonary disorders in patients positive for HIV. A short scan time of seven minutes was as sensitive and specific as the longer scan time of 45 minutes, and this allows the clearance of 99mTc DTPA to become a rapid screening test.
The brain–gut pathway in functional gastrointestinal disorders is bidirectional: a 12-year prospective population-based study
Authors: N A Koloski, M Jones, J Kalantar, M Weltman, J Zaguirre, N J Talley
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Psychological factors are known to be associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). No prospective studies have evaluated whether it is the brain (eg, via anxiety) that drives gut symptoms, or whether gut dysfunction precipitates the central nervous system features such as anxiety. In a 12-year longitudinal, prospective, population-based study, we aimed to determine the directionality of the brain–gut mechanism in FGIDs. <h3>Design</h3> Participants (n=1775) were a random population sample from Australia who responded to a survey on FGIDs in 1997 and agreed to be contacted for future research; 1002 completed the 12-year follow-up survey (response rate =60%), with 217, 82 and 45 people meeting Rome II for new onset FGIDs, IBS and FD, respectively. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Delusions Symptom States Inventory at baseline and follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> Among people free of a FGID at baseline, higher levels of anxiety (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19, p=0.006) but not depression at baseline was a significant independent predictor of developing new onset FGIDs 12 years later. Among people who did not have elevated levels of anxiety and depression at baseline, those with a FGID at baseline had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression at follow-up (mean difference coefficient 0.76, p&lt;0.001 and 0.30, p=0.01 for anxiety and depression, respectively). In IBS higher levels of anxiety and depression at baseline were predictive of IBS at follow-up, while only depression was predictive of FD at follow-up. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The central nervous system and gut interact bidirectionally in FGIDs.
Fleshing out a dual-system solution
Authors: James Friedrich
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

A prospective integration of evolutionary and other approaches to understanding rationality, as well as incorporation of individual difference concerns into the research agenda, are major contributions of Stanovich &amp; West's analysis. This commentary focuses on issues of concern in detailing a dual-system or dual-process model of the sort they propose and using it as a basis for improving judgment.
The amino acid transporter asc-1 is not involved in cystinuria
Authors: Marta Pineda, Mariona Font, Maria Teresa Bassi, Marta Manzoni, Giuseppe Borsani, Valeria Marigo, Esperanza Fernández, Rafael Martín del Río, Jesús Purroy, Antonio Zorzano, Virginia Nunes, Manuel Palacín
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA.
Authors: M. A. B. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The subject of this paper will probably be regarded as uninteresting, so much having been said and written on it without producing any form of treatment that has appeared to modify much the course of pneumonia. More than one has mentally summed up the position with the thought: "We trust in the future." Yet we can not rest content with the present state of things. Osler calls pneumonia the "Captain of the Men of Death," and says it outranks consumption as a cause of death. At the Johns Hopkins Hospital the death rate in pneumonia is about 1 in 4. Of course, many of the patients come to the hospital only when the disease is far advanced and from most unfavorable surroundings.The Journalof the American Medical Association, in an editorial, quotes Dr. E. F. Wells' statistics published in 1902, in which it was shown that the mortality from
Raltegravir once daily or twice daily in previously untreated patients with HIV-1: a randomised, active-controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial
Authors: Joseph J Eron, Jürgen K Rockstroh, Jacques Reynes, Jaime Andrade-Villanueva, Jose Valdez Ramalho-Madruga, Linda-Gail Bekker, Benjamin Young, Christine Katlama, Jose Maria Gatell-Artigas, Jose R Arribas, Mark Nelson, Havilland Campbell, Jing Zhao, Anthony J Rodgers, Matthew L Rizk, Larissa Wenning, Michael D Miller, Daria Hazuda, Mark J DiNubile, Randi Leavitt, Robin Isaacs, Michael N Robertson, Peter Sklar, Bach-Yen Nguyen
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2011)
A NEW TIP FOR GASTRODUODENAL TUBES
Authors: Moses Einhorn
Journal: JAMA (1926)

I delayed the announcement of my new tip for gastroduodenal tubes in order first to convince myself that it possessed decided advantages on the tips already in use. I am now in a position to state that I have used the tip on a number of my private patients and also on patients in the dispensary of Mount Sinai Hospital, and find that it takes from one third to one half less time to enter the duodenum, as compared with other tips used on the same patients.  The tip, shown in the accompanying illustrations, is 27 French in diameter, 10/8 inches in length, of capsule shape, with an obtuse point, and has three divisions: (a) the top, made of nickel, through which a large opening is bored, which serves as an outlet for the drainage chamber to the tube which is attached to the neck of the capsule; (b) the
Serum lipoprotein (a) levels in Behrcet's disease
Authors: D. Seckin, T. Akpolat, Y. Oltulu, D. Erkan, T. Canturk, B. Adam, A.Y. Turanli
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Serum lipoprotein (a) levels in Behrçet's disease Get access D. Seckin, D. Seckin Department of Dermatology, 19 May is University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Akpolat, T. Akpolat Department of Nephrlogy, 19 May is University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Oltulu, Y. Oltulu Department of Dermatology, 19 May is University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Erkan, D. Erkan Department of Ophthalmology, 19 May is University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Cantürk, T. Cantürk Department of Dermatology, 19 May is University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Adam, B. Adam Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 19 May is University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.Y. Turanli A.Y. Turanli Department of Dermatology, 19 May is University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 2, 1 August 1995, Pages 342–343, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02655.x Published: 01 August 1995
Decreased survival in rat liver transplantation with extended cold preservation: Role of portal vein clamping time
Authors: Koichi Urata, Bich Nguyen, Antoine Brault, Joël Lavoie, Bernard Rocheleau, Pierre-Michel Huet
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Primary liver graft dysfunction is currently related to cold ischemia-reperfusion injury, although a wide survival range has been reported using 24-hour preservation in cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. We hypothesized that the portal vein clamping time (PVCT) played a more important role than cold preservation injury in the postoperative outcome. Rat liver transplantation was performed using different clamping times after 24-hour cold ischemia in the UW solution. Survival rates, plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and nitrate/nitrite levels were examined. Subsequently, the effect of clamping time was evaluated on hepatocyte and sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) function using isolated perfused livers. Survival rate was directly related to clamping time length. Marked increases in TNF and nitrate/nitrite levels were found after surgery, particularly after long clamping times. In perfusion studies, the SEC function was already markedly altered after preservation alone and was not further modified by transplantation. By contrast, the hepatocyte function was moderately altered after transplantation, irrespective of clamping times, even when rats operated with long clamping times were in terminal conditions. In rats, 24-hour preservation in cold UW solution is not a severely compromising condition leading to primary liver nonfunction. Long PVCTs are associated with an endotoxemia-like syndrome more related to a warm intestinal ischemia than to cold ischemia injury of the liver.
P1-229: The impact of shortened vitamin supplementation lead-in time before pemetrexed (P) in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)
Authors: Mark A. Socinski, Robert N. Raju, Donald A. Richards, Kelli Coke, Craig H. Reynolds, Ruqin Chen, Jane L. Bromund, Joseph Treat, Coleman K. Obasaju
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Number of deaths from cancers falls after 20 years of screening in England
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government has agreed in principle that the General Medical Council, the medical profession's regulator, will take over responsibility for postgraduate medical training in the United Kingdom.The move to assimilate the Postgraduate Medical and Training Board within the GMC-which will not go ahead before 2010-has been welcomed by Graeme Catto, the council's president.Sir Graeme said, "The merger will bring under one roof the regulation of all stages of medical education and will deliver real benefits for patients and the public, as well as for the medical profession."He added that the board, which was set up in autumn 2005, had made an important contribution to postgraduate medical education in the UK and promised to maintain the momentum it had generated.However, in a statement the Royal College of Surgeons of England expressed its disappointment at the slow timetable for implementing the change."We are pleased with the acceptance that PMETB [the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board] will become part of the GMC.However, it is disappointing that no opportunity can apparently be found to carry out this badly needed reform until 2010," it said.Altogether the government agreed (or agreed in principle) to 24 of 47 recommendations made by John Tooke in the report of his inquiry into the reform of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC), which was published in January (BMJ 2008;336:61, 12 Jan).Other proposals were put on hold for "further consideration" or were dismissed as the responsibility of other organisations.Proposals that were agreed in principle are to be evaluated as part of the next stage review, being carried out by health minister Lord Darzi and due to be published in June.Alan Johnson, the health secretary, said that his department needed more time to consider one of the late additions to the list of recommendations, the proposal to set up a new independent body, provisionally called NHS Medical Education England, GMC will take responsibility for postgraduate medical training, as advised by Tooke report UK NEWS Deaths from cancer fall after 20 years of screening in England, p 527 WorlD NEWS European Commission looks into possible restrictive practices by drug companies, p 524 bmj.com london GPs express fear over Darzi's proposals for the capital
HINTS ON THE HYGIENE OF TRACHOMA AND THE INFLUENCE OF ALTITUDE AND CLIMATE.
Authors: SWAN M. BURNETT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

To establish efficient rules for the hygienic management of a disease it is first necessary to have definite ideas in regard to its causation, the condition of the subject and the environment most conducive to its development.  In respect to trachoma our knowledge is sadly deficient as to the majority of these factors. We have not yet arrived at the unanimous acceptance of a microbic origin of the disease. While the probabilities, in view of recent bacteriologic studies, point to the existence of a specific micro-organism as concerned in some way in the production of trachoma, the most diligent researches have failed to find one which any considerable number of investigators have agreed upon as the definite trachomatous microbe. By others it is held that the disease is essentially one of the adenoid tissue of the conjunctiva, which an inflammation of that membrane brought about by any means whatever is
Lapatax: a phase I study of neoadjuvant lapatinib combined with docetaxel in Her2/neu overexpressing breast cancer (BC). EORTC protocol 10054.
Authors: H Bonnefoi, K Zaman, M Nobahar, KM Koch, J Pierga, M Campone, E Brain, J Bartlett, S Marreaud, J Bogaerts, D Cameron
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5112 Background: Lapatinib (L) has been shown to be an effective anti-HER2 therapy in advanced breast cancer, and is under study as an adjuvant therapy in the ALTTO and TEACH studies. Whilst there are ongoing neoadjuvant studies with the combination of Lapatinib and paclitaxel, there are none with docetaxel (D), considered by many to be the most active taxane in breast cancer, mainly due to the limited data available on the safety and efficacy of this combination. Hence there is a need for this dose-finding study which is being conducted as a prelude to a randomized phase II trial.&amp;#x2028; Objective: The objectives are to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), to characterize Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and to define the recommended dose for phase II.&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods: Female patients (pts) with locally advanced, inflammatory or large operable BC are treated with escalating doses of L from 1000 to 1250 mg/d, administered orally once daily continuously in combination with D given every 21 days at dose ranges of 75 to 100 mg/m² for 4 cycles. At least three pts are treated at each dose level (DL). DLT is defined during cycle 1: any grade 3-4 non hematological toxicity, ANC&amp;lt;0.5 G/L lasting for 7days or more, Febrile neutopenia or thrombocytopenia &amp;lt;25 G/L. Growth factors are given only in case of clinical symptoms. Core biopsies are mandatory at baseline and after cycle 4. Pharmacokinetic samples are collected on day 1 of cycles 1 and 2.&amp;#x2028; Results: As of June 10, 10 pts with a median age of 56 years (range 17-64) were enrolled and 3 DLs (DL 3: L 1000 mg/day, D: 85 mg/m²) have been fully investigated. No pt had a DLT during cycle 1. The toxicity profile for 30 documented cycles is summarized in this table.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; The 4th cycles LVEF has been documented in 4 patients, one of whom had a drop by 16% to a value of 55%.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The toxicity of docetaxel-lapatinib during the first 3 dose levels is excellent. Final toxicity data and PK results of this phase 1 will be presented at the meeting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5112.
Management of urinary tract infections in children: No evidence exists
Authors: A. Sandell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Renal disease is serious, but it is peculiarly difficult to find direct evidence that it can be prevented by the systematic approach to possible urinary tract infection in young children advocated by Coulthard et al1.

Clinical Evidence identifies no relevant randomised controlled trials2 and one systematic review of descriptive studies that itself …
Effect of local sequential VEGF and BMP-2 delivery on ectopic and orthotopic bone regeneration
Authors: Diederik H.R. Kempen, Lichun Lu, Andras Heijink, Theresa E. Hefferan, Laura B. Creemers, Avudaiappan Maran, Michael J. Yaszemski, Wouter J.A. Dhert
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Treatment of Dystonia Musculorum Deformans
Authors: Stanley Stellar
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal, 1 an inquiry was made regarding the treatment of dystonia musculorum deformans in a 30-year-old woman who had been suffering from the condition in one foot for 21 years. Although I have no quarrel with the answer as given, I wish to call attention simply to the omission of any reference to neurosurgical treatment. In intractable cases this is often helpful and, at times, almost curative. Patients who do not respond to drug treatment using muscle relaxants and to physical measures such as were properly emphasized in the answer given can often obtain significant and permanent reversal of the distressing symptoms by means of stereotaxic cryothalamectomy on the side opposite to the dystonic limb. The surgical risks are about 1% for both mortality and significant morbidity, and the overall rate of substantial improvement in experienced hands is about
Glomerular vas efferens vasoconstriction and loss of tubular-glomerular feedback in patients with decompensated non-azotemic cirrhosis
Authors: G. Sansoe, A. Biava, S. Silvano, A. Touscoz, F. Rosina, A. Smedile, L. Bonardi, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Catholic hospitals in Germany are told they must treat victims of sexual assault
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hospitals in Germany operated by the Roman Catholic church have come under scrutiny after it was revealed that a woman who may have been sexually assaulted was denied a basic examination by two Catholic hospitals in Cologne.

The incident, first publicised on 16 January in a newspaper article, has triggered almost daily headlines in Germany and sparked debate among politicians, doctors, and women’s support groups on the role of Catholic hospitals.

The first news article on the incident, published in the daily Kolner Stadt-Anzeige ,1 quoted Irmgard Maiworm, the doctor who first treated the woman in an emergency centre. Rather than remaining an anonymous source, Maiworm allowed herself to be photographed for the news story and was quoted by name, highly unusual in Germany in an article on such a controversial topic.

On 15 December the 25 year old woman …
Incidence of symptoms and AIDS in 146 Swedish haemophiliacs and blood transfusion recipients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Authors: J. Giesecke, G. Scalia-Tomba, O. Berglund, E. Berntorp, S. Schulman, L. Stigendal
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The times from infection with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) to the onset of the first clinical symptom and the development of AIDS were studied prospectively in 98 haemophiliacs and 48 blood transfusion recipients infected with the virus. Patients were followed up for a median of 61 months after infection, the dates of infection being either known exactly or estimated from the interval between the last negative and first positive HIV antibody test result. The rate of progression to AIDS was significantly higher for the transfusion recipients than for the haemophiliacs. The difference in time to the occurrence of the first clinical symptom was less pronounced between the two groups, though pointing in the same direction. The results suggest that on average roughly half of all patients positive for HIV will develop some clinical sign or symptom within five to six years after infection.
Basophil Response to Peanut Allergens in Mediterranean Peanut-Allergic Patients
Authors: Cristobalina Mayorga, María José Torres, Ana Belen Blazquez, Francisca Gómez, Ignacio Garcia, Ana Aranda Guerrero, Stef Koppelman, Araceli Diaz-Perales, Stefan Vieths, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Timing implications of metabotropic mechanisms for cerebellar learning
Authors: John C. Fiala, Daniel Bullock
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

A major theme of the systems physiologists is the critical timing function of the cerebellum. However, the biophysicists do not appear to directly address the biophysical basis of the adaptive timing competence implicated in the physiological and behavioral data. Thus, the bridge between the macroscopic and microscopic data bases seems to be incomplete in a critical area. We report successful results from an attempt to add the missing part of the bridge. It comes in the form of a model of how the second messenger system activated by parallel fiber inputs - the mGluR channel - can literally bridge the temporal gap between CS and CR, both in standard conditioning tasks and more generally, [CRÉPEL et al.; HOUK et al.; KANO; LINDEN; SIMPSON et al.; SMITH; THACH; VINCENT]
Points: Death or dialysis
Authors: A. M Davison
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Biological age measures outperform chronological age in predicting various aging outcomes, yet little is known regarding genetic predisposition. We performed genome-wide association scans of two age-adjusted biological age measures (PhenoAgeAcceleration and BioAgeAcceleration), estimated from clinical biochemistry markers<sup>1,2</sup> in European-descent participants from UK Biobank. The strongest signals were found in the <i>APOE</i> gene, tagged by the two major protein-coding SNPs, PhenoAgeAccel—rs429358 (<i>APOE</i> e4 determinant) (p=1.50×10<sup>−72</sup>); BioAgeAccel—rs7412 (<i>APOE</i> e2 determinant) (p=3.16×10<sup>−60</sup>). Interestingly, we observed inverse <i>APOE</i> e2 and e4 associations and unique pathway enrichments when comparing the two biological age measures. Genes associated with BioAgeAccel were enriched in lipid related pathways, while genes associated with PhenoAgeAccel showed enrichment for immune system, cell function, and carbohydrate homeostasis pathways, suggesting the two measures capture different aging domains. Our study reaffirms that aging patterns are heterogenous across individuals, and the manner in which a person ages may be partly attributed to genetic predisposition.
Comorbidity assessment using the Index of Coexistent Diseases in a multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Dana C. Miskulin, Nicolaos V. Athienites, Guofen Yan, Alice A. Martin, Daniel B. Ornt, John W. Kusek, Klemens B. Meyer, Andrew S. Levey, None for the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (2001)