tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of respiratory rate on the relationships between RR interval and systolic blood pressure fluctuations: a frequency-dependent phenomenon
Authors: Maria Vittoria Pitzalis, Filippo Mastropasqua, Francesco Massari, Andrea Passantino, Roberto Colombo, Antonella Mannarini, Cinzia Forleo, Paolo Rizzon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the relationships between oscillations in systolic blood pressure and heart period at different breathing frequencies and to investigate the role of sympathetic contribution to this relationship. Methods: Fourteen healthy volunteers underwent three randomized periods of controlled breathing at 6, 10 and 16 breaths/min. ECG (RR), respiratory signal (RESP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were continuously recorded. The component of RR and SBP oscillations related to respiration (RRResp and SBPResp) was defined by means of uni- and bivariate spectral analysis. The squared coherence (K2) and phase between RR and RESP, and RR and SBP (RR-SBP) were also assessed. When the K2 of RR-SBP in the respiratory band was >0.5, we considered the phase and calculated the closed-loop gain between the two signals. Seven subjects were also studied after chronic metoprolol treatment. Results: Although the mean values of RR and SBP did not differ between the three periods of breathing, the higher the respiratory rate, the smaller the RRResp and SBPResp. The phase was always negative (SBPResp changes preceded RRResp changes), thus suggesting a baroreflex link. The higher the respiratory rate, the lower the gain and phase. Pharmacological β-adrenoceptor blockade increased the gain and shifted the phase, but the relationships found at baseline between the respiratory rate and both the gain and phase remained unchanged. Conclusions: The effect of breath rate on the relationship between heart rate and systolic pressure variabilities is a frequency-dependent phenomenon that is also independent of the sympathetic drive.
Anti–Laminin γ1 Pemphigoid Accompanied by Autoantibodies to Laminin α3 and γ2 Subunits of Laminin-332
Authors: Masahiro Kamata, Hideki Fujita, Taeko Hamanaka, Koji Takahashi, Hiroshi Koga, Takashi Hashimoto, Shinichi Sato
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our study is limited because it was conducted at a single location with 30 physicians.Although only dermatology appointments are demonstrated in this manuscript, we have found similar results in other departments in our institution.In conclusion, targeted interventions at patients likely to miss appointments could decrease the negative financial impact while limiting the expense and possible annoyance of reminding others unnecessarily.Patients who are younger, have been waiting a long time, or have less comprehensive insurance seem to be most likely to benefit from reminders.
An Overview on Endoscopic and Clinical Abstracts of the 4th UEGW Berlin
Authors: T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

This year's UEGW presents a variety of endoscopic, ultrasonic and clinical abstracts on various topics. In the same issue of ENDOSCOPY, this year's DDW congress report is included. Comparing the 397 abstracts allocated for publication in this journal with those submitted to the DDW reveals that 23 % of the abstracts reported below were also submitted to the DDW, and 14 % of all UEGW abstracts published in this issue were accepted for oral or poster presentation in San Diego. Only in a very small minority of these submitted/accepted abstracts were patient numbers substantially updated between the DDW and the UEGW. Those abtracts already contained in the DDW congress report are therefore not detailed here and only a very brief overview on the remaining UEGW abstracts will be given in the following.
A Study of Somatopsychic Vulnerability in Encopretic Children
Authors: W.H.G. Wolters, E.A.K. Wauters
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

In this article the results of a study to determine the degree of somatopsychic vulnerability in children with encopresis are discussed. A checklist was constructed for the registration of somatic and functional data relevant to encopresis. Twenty-five children with encopresis were compared with a control group. The expectation of the authors that a number of somatopsychic phenomena would occur more frequently among encopretics than among non-encopretics could not be confirmed. It appeared that somatic and psychic diseases were more frequent in the families of the children with encopresis than in the control group.
Targeting the p38 MAPK Pathway Inhibits Irinotecan Resistance in Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Salomé Paillas, Florence Boissière, Fréderic Bibeau, Amélie Denouel, Caroline Mollevi, Annick Causse, Vincent Denis, Nadia Vezzio-Vié, Laetitia Marzi, Cédric Cortijo, Imade Ait-Arsa, Nadav Askari, Philippe Pourquier, Pierre Martineau, Maguy Del Rio, Céline Gongora
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Despite recent advances in the treatment of colon cancer, tumor resistance is a frequent cause of chemotherapy failure. To better elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to irinotecan (and its active metabolite SN38), we established SN38-resistant clones derived from HCT-116 and SW48 cell lines. These clones show various levels (6- to 60-fold) of resistance to SN-38 and display enhanced levels of activated MAPK p38 as compared with the corresponding parental cells. Because four different isoforms of p38 have been described, we then studied the effect of p38 overexpression or downregulation of each isoform on cell sensivity to SN38 and found that both α and β isoforms are involved in the development of resistance to SN38. In this line, we show that cell treatment with SB202190, which inhibits p38α and p38β, enhanced the cytotoxic activity of SN38. Moreover, p38 inhibition sensitized tumor cells derived from both SN38-sensitive and -resistant HCT116 cells to irinotecan treatment in xenograft models. Finally, we detected less phosphorylated p38 in primary colon cancer of patients sensitive to irinotecan-based treatment, compared with nonresponder patients. This indicates that enhanced level of phosphorylated p38 could predict the absence of clinical response to irinotecan. Altogether, our results show that the p38 MAPK pathway is involved in irinotecan sensitivity and suggest that phosphorylated p38 expression level could be used as a marker of clinical resistance to irinotecan. They further suggest that targeting the p38 pathway may be a potential strategy to overcome resistance to irinotecan-based chemotherapies in colorectal cancer.
Glucose Regulation in Young Adults with Very Low Birth Weight
Authors: Petteri Hovi, Sture Andersson, Johan G. Eriksson, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Sonja Strang-Karlsson, Outi Mäkitie, Eero Kajantie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The association between small size at birth and impaired glucose regulation later in life is well established in persons born at term. Preterm birth with very low birth weight (<1500 g) is also associated with insulin resistance in childhood. If insulin resistance persists into adulthood, preterm birth with very low birth weight also may be associated with an increased risk of disease in adulthood. We assessed glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and measured serum lipid levels and blood pressure in young adults with very low birth weight.We performed a standard 75-g oral glucose-tolerance test, measuring insulin and glucose concentrations at baseline and at 120 minutes in 163 young adults (age range, 18 to 27 years) with very low birth weight and in 169 subjects who had been born at term and were not small for gestational age. The two groups were similar with regard to age, sex, and birth hospital. We measured blood pressure and serum lipid levels, and in 150 very-low-birth-weight subjects and 136 subjects born at term, we also measured body composition by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.As compared with the subjects born at term, the very-low-birth-weight subjects had a 6.7% increase in the 2-hour glucose concentration (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 12.9), a 16.7% increase in the fasting insulin concentration (95% CI, 4.6 to 30.2), a 40.0% increase in the 2-hour insulin concentration (95% CI, 17.5 to 66.8), an 18.9% increase in the insulin-resistance index determined by homeostatic model assessment (95% CI, 5.7 to 33.7), and an increase of 4.8 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (95% CI, 2.1 to 7.4). Adjustment for the lower lean body mass in the very-low-birth-weight subjects did not attenuate these relationships.Young adults with a very low birth weight have higher indexes of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance and higher blood pressure than those born at term.
Tissue watchdog warns against unlawful collection of umbilical cord blood
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate differences in reported open defecation between a question about latrine use or open defecation for every household member and a household-level question. <h3>Setting</h3> Rural India is home to most of the world’s open defecation. India’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2015–2016 estimates that 54% of households in rural India defecate in the open. This measure is based on a question asking about the behaviour of all household members in one question. Yet, studies in rural India find substantial open defecation among individuals living in households with latrines, suggesting that household-level questions underestimate true open defecation. <h3>Participants</h3> In 2018, we randomly assigned latrine-owning households in rural parts of four Indian states to receive one of two survey modules measuring sanitation behaviour. 1215 households were asked about latrine use or open defecation individually for every household member. 1216 households were asked the household-level question used in India’s DHS: what type of facility do members of the household usually use? <h3>Results</h3> We compare reported open defecation between households asked the individual-level questions and those asked the household-level question. Using two methods for comparing open defecation by question type, the individual-level question found 20–21 (95% CI 16 to 25 for both estimates) percentage points more open defecation than the household-level question, among all households, and 28–29 (95% CI 22 to 35 for both estimates) percentage points more open defecation among households that received assistance to construct their latrines. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We provide the first evidence that individual-level questions find more open defecation than household-level questions. Because reducing open defecation in India is essential to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, and exposure to open defecation has consequences for child mortality and development, it is essential to accurately monitor its progress. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> Registry for International Development Impact Evaluations (5b55458ca54d1).
Endoscopic versus Surgical Drainage of the Pancreatic Duct in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Djuna L. Cahen, Dirk J. Gouma, Yung Nio, Erik A. J. Rauws, Marja A. Boermeester, Olivier R. Busch, Jaap Stoker, Johan S. Laméris, Marcel G.W. Dijkgraaf, Kees Huibregtse, Marco J. Bruno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

For patients with chronic pancreatitis and a dilated pancreatic duct, ductal decompression is recommended. We conducted a randomized trial to compare endoscopic and surgical drainage of the pancreatic duct.
Colonoscopic Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Harminder Singh, Donna Turner, Lin Xue, Laura E. Targownik, Charles N. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coffee time is about much more than coffee
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The days I don’t make it to morning coffee are the worst days. On these too-busy days the time after surgery haemorrhages into house visits and urgent telephone calls. I’ll be trying to get hold of someone at the hospital—while that someone is trying to get hold of me. I’ll have received badly abnormal blood results but no phone number for the patient. And, of course, I’ll have forgotten the latest computer password that I’ll have written down in several notebooks, none of which I can find.

Coffee time is about succour. I am blessed to work at a practice where it is a time to debate clinical decisions, to …
S93 The development of a novel scale to screen and measure anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: T. G. Willgoss, A. M. Yohannes, J. Goldbart, F. Fatoye
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Comorbid anxiety disorders are common among patients with COPD, affecting up to half of all patients. Comorbid anxiety may be a significant factor in predicting quality of life, yet recognition and management of anxiety among this patient group is poor. Screening and measuring symptoms of anxiety can be challenging due to the overlap of physical symptoms and the lack of a validated disease-specific tool. The aim of this study was to develop a novel non-somatic scale (Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory disease (AIR)) to screen and measure anxiety in patients with COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> This study utilised a multi-method approach to scale development incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. An item pool was developed using in-depth interviews with COPD patients who exhibited symptoms of anxiety (n=14), and the analysis of existing anxiety scales. Item wording, content and user-friendliness were checked by an expert reference group (ERG) that included clinicians and patients. This item pool was tested on a group of COPD patients (n=82). The Likert-type scale has four consistent responses to statements (Not at all, Occasionally, Frequently, Almost all of the time) that are scored from 0 to 3. Item and factor analysis were carried out to aid in item reduction and to explore the factor structure. <h3>Results</h3> Sixteen items were selected for inclusion following development and approval from the ERG. Items were retained based on item-to-total correlation analysis and α-if-item-deleted analysis. One item was discarded as it had a corrected-item-to-total correlation of &lt;0.55. Exploratory principal component factor analysis was performed and three further items were removed due to low communalities (&lt;0.50). Secondary analysis indicated a single factor solution accounting for 66.67% of total variance with a mean communality of 0.67. Abstract S93 table 1 shows the factor loadings for the final items. The 12-item scale had a mean total score of 13.55 (SD=9.41, range=0–36), and a Cronbach9s α of 0.95. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The AIR is a short self-report non-somatic anxiety scale with a clear uni-dimensional factor solution and high internal consistency. Additional studies are warranted to further explore the scale9s psychometric properties and to establish its ability to screen for clinical anxiety disorders.
Science commentary: Pacemakers
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Cardiac pacing began in the 1950s with the aim of preventing symptomatic bradycardia. Single chamber pacemakers, in which one lead is introduced into the ventricle, achieve this but they cannot increase the heart rate when people take exercise. They also fail to ensure that the atria and ventricles contract in synchrony.

Modern pacemakers now include dual chamber and “rate responsive” devices. With dual chamber pacemakers, leads enter the right atrium and ventricle, allowing …
Thyroid status and postnatal changes in subsarcolemmal distribution and isoform expression of rat cardiac dihydropyridine receptors
Authors: Maurice Wibo, Olivier Feron, Lei Zheng, Mehdi Maleki, Frantisek Kolar, Théophile Godfraind
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: The aim was to analyze the early postnatal changes in myocardial density, subsarcolemmal localization and isoform expression of dihydropyridine receptors in rat ventricle and the influence of thyroid status on these changes. Methods: Newborn rats were treated from postnatal day 2 with L-triiodothyronine (T3) or 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and ventricles were collected on day 1, 7 and 14. Radioligand binding and cell fractionation (density gradient centrifugation) techniques were used to determine the tissue density of various receptors and their subcellular localization. To analyze dihydropyridine receptor α1 subunit isoform expression, cDNA fragments corresponding to a large portion of motif IV were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and treated with appropriate restriction endonucleases to determine the frequency of splicing events at the level of motif IV. Results: The myocardial density of dihydropyridine receptors increased 3-fold from day 1 to day 14 in control rats, and this increase occurred predominantly in membrane entities equilibrating at high densities in sucrose gradient, that is, presumably, in junctional structures (dyadic couplings). This maturation was delayed after PTU-treatment, and somewhat accelerated by excess T3. The proportion of mRNA variants typical of foetal heart (IVS3A variant and 'deleted' variant, showing a 33-nucleotide deletion at the level of the extracellular loop between IVS3 and IVS4) decreased with age in control rats. This reduction was delayed after treatment with PTU but was not influenced by excess T3. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism impaired the early postnatal maturation of dihydropyridine receptors as regards both their concentration into junctional structures and the decrease in the relative expression of α1-subunit mRNA variants typical of foetal heart.
S21 Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection via volatile organic compounds in sputum headspace gases
Authors: S. Savelev, J. Perry, S. J. Bourke, R. Taylor, A. J. Fisher, M. Petrie, P. A. Corris, A. De Soyza
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a key respiratory pathogen with a distinctive odour in culture. An elevated level of hydrogen cyanide in the breath has been associated with the presence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in the airway, thus determining compounds specific to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> offers the possibility of a non-invasive diagnostic (breath) test. <h3>Hypothesis</h3> Determining relevant to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> volatile compounds from sputum headspace gases offers target validation for the development of an electronic nose breath test for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. <h3>Methods</h3> Adult patients were recruited from specialist bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis clinics. The gold standard for diagnosing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection was positive sputum cultures. 72 sputum samples were analysed. A sputum sample was kept in a glass vial with a cap containing septum. The septum was pierced with a solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibre allowing sampling of the headspace for 50 min at 37°C before transferring the fibre into gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AnalyzerPro software (automated peak capture software) and manual identification were used to identify relevant to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> specific compounds in the headspace of sputum. <h3>Results</h3> 32 samples grew <i>P. aeruginosa</i> either on its own or mixed with other species. 2-nonanone was a marker of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in sputum headspace gas with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 88%. Cyanide was not detected. However, a combination of manually identified 2-nonanone with 17 other volatile compounds as identified by AnalyzerPro, increased sensitivity in detection of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to 91% with specificity of 88%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Optimal sampling and capture protocols still need refinement: we were unable to detect the prior noted biomarker Cyanide. These data however demonstrate the potential for rapid and accurate diagnosis of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection from sputum samples. In contrast to the 48+ hour turnaround for standard microbiological culture, these results were available within 1–2 h. It also provides a library of compounds as targets to validate in a future study of breath testing.
Meta-analysis: Beyond the grand mean?
Authors: G. D. Smith, M. Egger, A. N Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Gene therapy seems to offer new hope in cancer treatment.The new molecular technology can be used to target tumour cells in many ways.These include techniques that correct genes directly-for example, by delivering a nucleic acid sequence that complements and therefore inactivates an oncogene (antisense technology) or by replacing copies of tumour suppressor genes that are often lost in malignant cells.However, the success of these direct approaches is limited because current technology cannot deliver therapeutic genes to all cancer cells.Alternative strategies have been developed using genes that encode proteins, such as cytokines, which can activate the patient's immune response against the tumour.Another application of gene therapy, which is already undergoing extensive clinical trials, is the transduction of tumour cells with so called suicide genes, which encode enzymes that can convert a prodrug to its toxic metabolite.Despite the diversity of gene therapies for cancer in both the laboratory and clinic, disappointment is emerging that gene therapy has not fulfilled its early promise. 1 Since no dramatic clinical success has been reported to date, this criticism cannot be ignored, and an objective reconsideration of the potential of gene therapy is timely.Gene therapy has failed to live up to expectations so far because these have been unrealistic.A lack of realism can be destructive if it leads to disillusionment.Potential benefits of a new approach may be lost if research is abandoned prematurely because dramatic advances have not been made.In oncology, the excitement engendered by gene therapy has been heightened by the inadequacy of current treatments for many of the common adult cancers.There are good scientific explanations for the inability of gene therapy to produce impressive cures in cancer, but for an understanding of these, gene therapy must be considered within the context and aims of current treatment strategies.Gene therapy provides a prime example of how the medical and scientific communities, working in isolation, can fail to make progress.Doctors may not understand the limitations of the new technology offered by scientists, and scientists may not understand where and how doctors want to apply gene therapy in cancer treatment.By combining scientific and medical approaches, we can define where and why gene therapy is likely to work or fail and explain why gene therapy must not be abandoned before it has had either the time or opportunity to show its worth.