tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5437: Blueberries: Conventional cancer prevention
Authors: Ryan D. Kraus, Andres Martinez, Kylie Measom, Matthew Gill, Gupta Gaytri, Andrew Garrett, Richard Robison, Kim L. O'Neill
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Coronary heart disease and cancer, besides remaining the two leading causes of death in the United States, share another common trait: they can both be attributed to lifestyle choices that increase their risk. Epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of both an antioxidant and phytochemical-rich diet contribute towards the reduction of heart disease and several cancer types. There has been a substantial amount of interest in Vaccinium corymbosum, also known as blueberries, due to their high antioxidant levels which have been show to help prevent cancer of the colon, breast, and prostate. Blueberries exhibit a high content of both phytochemicals such as flavonoids and tannins; and antioxidants such as phenolic acid and resveratrol. Antioxidants provide protection against oxidative stress, a condition that has been suggested to contribute to a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the health benefits of organic vs. conventional blueberry consumption by comparing the antioxidant content of their individual components, including pulp, skin, seed, and juice using both the Hydrophilic Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (H-ORAC) and the Lipophilic Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (L-ORAC) assay. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was also used to identify and quantify the amount of Vitamin C in both the organic and conventional blueberries. Blueberry samples were obtained from local distributors and the assays were replicated with five different lots of blueberries. Results indicated that conventional blueberries (33,388 TE/100g pulp, seed, skin and 607,700 TE/L juice) have higher antioxidant levels than organic blueberries (25,800 TE/100g pulp, seed, skin and 415,608 TE/L juice) across all samples. Conversely, HPLC determined a slightly higher Vitamin C content in the organically grown blueberries (592.879 μg/g) compared to conventional blueberries (386.947 μg/g). These results suggest that conventional blueberries may have a higher health benefit potential in preventing cancer and many other degenerative diseases that plague the world. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5437. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5437
MILK GOATS AND MALTA FEVER
Authors: William Lee Secor
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is now well known that many dairy cows are tuberculous, and that a high percentage of bone, joint, gland and abdominal tuberculosis is due to tubercle bacilli of the bovine type. In order to avoid this source of infection many physicians have interested themselves in the Swiss milk goat whose high degree of immunity to tuberculosis has been well known in Europe for many years. It has been known for a long time that goats are susceptible to a disease known as Malta fever and that this disease may be transmitted to man through the agency of goat's milk. In January, 1911, I located in the hill country of southwest Texas to secure the advantages of its excellent climate. I met here an able physician, London trained and a keen observer. This physician, who had been doing an extensive practice over one of the largest mohair
Androgen regulation of rat renal angiotensinogen messenger RNA expression.
Authors: K E Ellison, J R Ingelfinger, M Pivor, V J Dzau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Renal angiotensinogen (ang-n) mRNA concentration in the male WKY rat increases significantly during puberty. Furthermore, renal angiotensinogen mRNA level in the adult female WKY rat is considerably lower than in the male. The present study investigates the role of androgen in differential renal ang-n mRNA expression. Northern and slot blot analyses with alpha-32P labeled ang-n cDNA (pRang 3) demonstrated that castration lowered ang-n mRNA levels in the male kidney by greater than or equal to 60% compared with control, suggesting that androgen may be involved with renal ang-n gene regulation. Moreover, male WKY rats castrated as weanlings and normal adult female WKY rats each implanted with testosterone displayed significant (P less than 0.05) increases in renal ang-n mRNA levels. Our observations, taken together with previous reports that androgen influences proximal tubule morphology and the tubular expression of transport proteins (e.g., Na+/H+ antiporter), may have important physiological implications for understanding the relationship between androgen and angiotensin in the regulation of tubular function.
Men who became ill in drug trial improve
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Four of the six men who became seriously ill in a UK clinical trial of a monoclonal antibody, TGN1412 ( BMJ 2006;332:683, 25 Mar), have been allowed to return home, the hospital that cared for them said this week.

In a statement Ganesh Suntharalingam, clinical director of intensive care at Northwick Park Hospital, London, said: “There has been continued progress amongst the patients since they were transferred here on 13 March following a drug trial.” He said that …
TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS BY THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER.
Authors: None DREUW
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In a former article<sup>1</sup>I described a new ointment, which I have used very successfully in the treatment of psoriasis. It consists of: This ointment contains keratolytic reducing as well as macerating and antipsoriatic remedies in rather large doses. The combination of sapo, viridis and chrysarobin represents, I believe, an original feature in this application. During the last two years I have treated a great number of psoriasis patients with this ointment, but I do not intend publishing reports of these cases, as the process of recovery was nearly identical in all. The treatment is as follows: For from 4 to 6 days the ointment is applied by the aid of a stiff brush to the affected area (after this has dried somewhat it is well to apply a little starch or zinc powder). On the fifth or sixth day the patient starts taking hot baths daily
Generalized Membrane Defects in Cancer
Authors: Donald F. Hoelzl Wallach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THE neoplastic state is characterized by numerous and variable cellular derangements, but none of the many biochemical, immunologic, biologic and morphologic defects hitherto described are common to all tumors. Even tumors induced by a single agent in a single cell type can have a multiplicity of phenotypes, which tend to modulate in time. Pleomorphism and variation thus constitute a dominant aspect of neoplasia. The following discussion presents evidence that there may be a common feature underlying the diversity of neoplasia —namely, that alterations in one or more of their membrane systems is a regular feature of tumor cells.Plasma Membrane . . .
Cardiorespiratory Responses to Aerobic Training by Patients With Postpoliomyelitis Sequelae
Authors: David R. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We examined the cardiorespiratory responses of 16 patients with postpoliomyelitis sequelae to a 16-week aerobic exercise program. The patients exercised at 70% of maximal heart rate. Dependent variables were resting and maximal heart rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum carbon dioxide consumption, respiratory quotient, and maximum expired volume per unit time. The exercise group was superior to the control group in watts, exercise time, maximum expired volume per unit time, and maximum oxygen consumption. No untoward events or loss of leg strength occurred as a result of the exercise regimen. We conclude that the aerobic training program employed in this study is a safe, short-term procedure and that patients with postpolio sequelae respond to training in a manner similar to healthy adults.
Bedside quantification of atherosclerosis severity for cardiovascular risk stratification: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Patrick R. Hunziker, Christophe Imsand, Dagmar Keller, Niki Hess, Vânia Barbosa, Fabian Nietlispach, Noah Liel-Cohen, Arthur E. Weyman, Matthias Pfisterer, Peter Buser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A prostate cancer susceptibility allele at 6q22 increases RFX6 expression by modulating HOXB13 chromatin binding
Authors: Qilai Huang, Thomas Whitington, Ping Gao, Johan F Lindberg, Yuehong Yang, Jielin Sun, Marja-Riitta Väisänen, Robert Szulkin, Matti Annala, Jian Yan, Lars A Egevad, Kai Zhang, Ruizhu Lin, Arttu Jolma, Matti Nykter, Aki Manninen, Fredrik Wiklund, Markku H Vaarala, Tapio Visakorpi, Jianfeng Xu, Jussi Taipale, Gong-Hong Wei
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Early Dual Versus Mono Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute Non-Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Ka Sing Lawrence Wong, Yilong Wang, Xinyi Leng, Chen Mao, Jinling Tang, Philip M.W. Bath, Hugh S. Markus, Philip B. Gorelick, Liping Liu, Wenhua Lin, Yongjun Wang
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Emerging studies suggest that early administration of dual antiplatelet therapy may be better than monotherapy for prevention of early recurrent stroke and cardiovascular outcomes in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). We performed a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials evaluating dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy for acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA. Methods and Results— We assessed randomized, controlled trials investigating dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy published up to November 2012 and the CHANCE trial (Clopidogrel in High-risk patients with Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events), for efficacy and safety outcomes in adult patients with acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA with treatment initiated within 3 days of ictus. In total, 14 studies of 9012 patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Dual antiplatelet therapy significantly reduced risk of stroke recurrence (risk ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.80; P &lt;0.001) and the composite outcome of stroke, TIA, acute coronary syndrome, and all death (risk ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–0.81; P &lt;0.001) when compared with monotherapy, and nonsignificantly increased risk of major bleeding (risk ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–2.59, P =0.37). Analyses restricted to the CHANCE Trial or the 7 double-blind randomized, controlled trials showed similar results. Conclusions— For patients with acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA, dual therapy was more effective than monotherapy in reducing risks of early recurrent stroke. The results of the CHANCE study are consistent with previous studies done in other parts of the world.
Antidiabetic and adipogenic properties in a newly synthesized thiazolidine derivative, FPFS-410
Authors: Nobuyoshi Norisada, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Muneya Fujimoto, Gen Inoue, Kiminori Hosoda, Tatsuya Hayashi, Mayumi Watanabe, Shizuko Muraoka, Fumio Yoneda, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
A Human Interleukin-12/23 Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Gerald G. Krueger, Richard G. Langley, Craig Leonardi, Newman Yeilding, Cynthia Guzzo, Yuhua Wang, Lisa T. Dooley, Mark Lebwohl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Skin-infiltrating lymphocytes expressing type 1 cytokines have been linked to the pathophysiology of psoriasis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody in treating psoriasis.In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 320 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis underwent randomization to treatment with the interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody (one 45-mg dose, one 90-mg dose, four weekly 45-mg doses, or four weekly 90-mg doses) or placebo; 64 patients were randomly assigned to each group. Patients assigned to the interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody received one additional dose at week 16 if needed. Patients assigned to placebo crossed over to receive one 90-mg dose of interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody at week 20.There was at least 75% improvement in the psoriasis area-and-severity index at week 12 (the primary end point) in 52% of patients who received 45 mg of the interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in 59% of those who received 90 mg, in 67% of those who received four weekly 45-mg doses, and in 81% of those who received four weekly 90-mg doses, as compared with 2% of those who received placebo (P<0.001 for each comparison), and there was at least 90% improvement in 23%, 30%, 44%, and 52%, respectively, of patients who received the monoclonal antibody as compared with 2% of patients who received placebo (P<0.001 for each comparison). Adverse events occurred in 79% of patients treated with the interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody as compared with 72% of patients in the placebo group (P=0.19). Serious adverse events occurred in 4% of patients who received the monoclonal antibody and in 1% of those who received placebo (P=0.69).This study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of an interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody in psoriasis and provides further evidence of a role of the interleukin-12/23 p40 cytokines in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Larger studies are needed to determine whether serious adverse events might limit the clinical usefulness of this new therapeutic target. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00320216 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Physiology of the Granulocyte—Part 1
Authors: Seymour Perry
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The determination of the white blood cell count and differential count is important in the medical examination of a patient yet the basic mechanisms guiding leukocyte turnover and dynamics remain largely undefined. This is more than an academic problem since a better understanding of the life of the leukocyte is important in the treatment of leukemia and in the achievement of selective toxicity to the neoplastic cell in the therapy of patients with cancer. The height of the white blood cell count is affected by numerous factors and once leukocytes leave the vascular tree there is no simple way of determining their ultimate fate. However, in spite of many technical problems, sound data have been accumulated concerning leukocyte production, release from the bone marrow, intravascular life span, and distribution. In this paper, the significant information dealing with leukocyte physiology is reviewed with particular emphasis on the granulocyte.
New network of weather stations in Africa aims to improve food security and health
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An ambitious project to deploy 5000 weather stations across Africa is expected to benefit the health of millions of people on the continent, experts say.

“This project may help save lives and improve the livelihoods of communities in Africa living on the front line of climate change,” said Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general and president of the Global Humanitarian Forum, which is spearheading the project.

“The world’s poorest are also the world’s most vulnerable when it comes to the impact of climate change and the least equipped to deal with the consequences,” Mr Annan said at the launch of the initiative on 18 June.

The forum says that health agencies, governments, and local communities will be able to take preventive action if they have access to accurate weather information and thus early warning …
Role of tetrahydrobiopterin in pulmonary vascular remodelling associated with pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Patricia Almudéver, Javier Milara, Alfredo De Diego, Ana Serrano-Mollar, Antoni Xaubet, Francisco Perez-Vizcaino, Angel Cogolludo, Julio Cortijo
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is indicative of a poor prognosis. Recent evidence suggests that tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the cofactor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is involved in pulmonary hypertension and that pulmonary artery endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EnMT) may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of BH4 in pulmonary remodelling secondary to pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. This study examined the BH4 system in plasma and pulmonary arteries from patients with IPF as well as the antiremodelling and antifibrotic effects of the BH4 precursor sepiapterin in rat bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and in vitro EnMT models.BH4 and nitrotyrosine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and ELISA, respectively. Expression of sepiapterin reductase (SPR), GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH-1), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were measured by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry.BH4 plasma levels were downregulated in patients with IPF compared with controls while nitrites, nitrates and nitrotyrosine were upregulated. GCH-1 and eNOS were absent in pulmonary arteries of patients with IPF; however, iNOS expression increased while SPR expression was unchanged. In rats, oral sepiapterin (10 mg/kg twice daily) attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, mortality, vascular remodelling and pulmonary hypertension by increasing rat plasma BH4, decreasing plasma nitrotyrosine and increasing vascular eNOS and GCH-1 expression. Both transforming growth factor β1 and endothelin-1 induced EnMT by decreasing BH4 and eNOS expression. In vitro administration of sepiapterin increased endothelial BH4 and inhibited EnMT in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells.Targeting the BH4 synthesis 'salvage pathway' with sepiapterin may be a new therapeutic strategy to attenuate pulmonary hypertension in IPF.
Difficulties in immunofixation analysis: a concordance study on the IFM 2007-02 trial
Authors: H Caillon, T Dejoie, A-G Le Loupp, C Azoulay-Fauconnier, D Masson, P Moreau, M Denis, H Avet-Loiseau
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Multiple myeloma response is evaluated according to the International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Criteria.1 Among these criteria, serum electrophoresis has a pivotal role as it represents the first step to detect the persistence of the monoclonal protein identified at diagnosis, while performing immunofixation tests in case of normalized electrophoresis. Interpretation of immunofixation according to diagnosis profile is sometimes difficult and requires a careful examination, especially when very thin bands are observed. Indeed, atypical serum immunofixation patterns,2 also named oligoclonal bands3 or small abnormal protein bands,4 have been often reported following not only allogeneic transplantation but also autologous transplantation and even following intensive chemotherapy for leukemia. In fact, if no monoclonal component is detected by serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixation interpretation with bone marrow evaluation determines the type of response, stratifying patients between complete response (CR) and a very good partial response (VGPR).1 Because immunofixation interpretation is based on human evaluation, it presents a certain degree of subjectivity that conditions its performances. The purpose of this work was to estimate the inter-operator variability and intra- and inter-laboratory performances.
Use of rodent carcinogenicity test results for determining potential cancer risk to humans.
Authors: P F Infante
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A high proportion of "human" and "probable human" carcinogens as categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer have been identified through observations in workers. The excess cancer risk has often been quite high. Most substances known to cause cancer in humans are now known to cause cancer in animals. In the past two decades, an increasing number of substances first shown to cause cancer in animals are now known to cause or are highly suspected of causing cancer in humans (and quite often in workers). The observations necessitate the use of rodent cancer test results for identifying and regulating potential environmental carcinogens. The role of cell proliferation (CP) in the carcinogenic response is important from a regulatory view in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evidence. If CP influences the carcinogenic response, the use of such data to modify dose response in the low-dose range is another factor that needs to be considered. Presentations at this symposium, however, indicate that CP data at the present time should not be incorporated into cancer risk assessments. More simple concepts that affect quantitative dose response and that may result in an artificially low estimated risk but could be adjusted for in the bioassay protocol have usually been ignored. A balanced approach would be to incorporate all known factors that influence quantitative estimates of cancer risk when conducting animal cancer bioassays and extrapolating those results to humans.
ABC of heart failure: Management: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and nitrates
Authors: M K Davies, C R Gibbs, G Y H Lip
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In the past 15 years several large scale, randomised controlled trials have revolutionised the management of patients with chronic heart failure. Although it is clear that some drugs improve symptoms, others offer both symptomatic and prognostic benefits, and the management of heart failure should be aimed at improving both quality of life and survival. #### Aims of heart failure management ##### To achieve improvement in symptoms Diuretics Digoxin ACE inhibitors ##### To achieve improvement in survival ACE inhibitors βblockers (for example, carvedilol and bisoprolol) Oral nitrates plus hydralazine Spironolactone Diuretics and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, when combined with non-pharmacological measures, remain the basis of treatment in patients with congestive heart failure. Digoxin has a possible role in some of these patients, however, and the potential benefits of β blockers and spironolactone (an aldosterone antagonist) in chronic heart failure are now increasingly recognised. Diuretics are effective in providing symptomatic relief and remain the first line treatment, particularly in the presence of oedema. Nevertheless, there is no direct evidence that loop and thiazide diuretics confer prognostic benefit in patients with congestive heart failure. In general, diuretics should be introduced at a low dose and the dose increased according to the clinical response. There are dangers, however, in either undertreating or overtreating patients with diuretics, and regular review is necessary ### Loop diuretics Loop diuretics—frusemide (furosemide) and bumetanide—have a powerful diuretic action, increasing the excretion of sodium and water via their action on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. They have a rapid onset of action (intravenously 5 minutes, orally 1–2 hours; duration of action 4–6 hours). Oral absorption of frusemide may be reduced in congestive heart failure, although the pharmacokinetics of bumetanide may allow improved bioavailability. #### How to use diuretics in advanced heart failure
Northern Ireland will introduce a smoking ban
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Plans by the Northern Ireland health minister, Shaun Woodward, to introduce a total ban on smoking in bars and restaurants from April 2007 have been welcomed by the BMA.

Brian Patterson, chairman of the BMA in Northern Ireland, said Mr Woodward had “shown courage” in making this decision. “We will give him our full support in taking it to implementation,” he said.

Earlier …