tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emergency-Room Care
Authors: Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<i>Emergency-Room Care</i>joins the annually enlarging list of books devoted to the sophisticated treatment of outpatient medical and surgical emergencies. It is a handbook for ready reference and available in paperback for easy storage in the ambulatory treatment center or emergency room. The volume includes quite adequate discussions of each variety of emergency case and additionally directs the management of the injured at the scene of an accident, transport to a treatment facility, and the planning, staffing, and administration of an emergency room. Particularly interesting sections deal with the severely injured patient, thoracic injuries, cardiac emergencies, and injuries of the neck. The ever popular chapters on burns, poisoning, fractures, pediatric emergencies, and central nervous system catastrophes are quite informative. The book is well illustrated, with excellent diagrams regarding airway provision, tracheostomy, and thoracentesis. The final chapter deals with the interesting topic of drug abuse and provides tables that summarize information
Athletic Facial Injuries: Call in Everyone
Authors: David J. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journalpublished an article by Schultz and de Camara<sup>1</sup>concisely delineating the diagnosis and treatment of minor and serious facial injuries. Traumatic hyphema should have been considered an addendum to the list of serious athletic facial injuries in Fig 1. In a series on soccerball-induced ocular injuries by Burke et al,<sup>2</sup>traumatic hyphema was observed in 50% of their patients. Although none experienced repeated bleeding, secondary hemorrhage is a potential risk that can occur in up to 38% of blunt ocular injuries.<sup>3</sup>If the rebleeding results in a total hyphema, as observed in one third of all secondary hemorrhages in one study,<sup>4</sup>then the incidence of good recovery visual acuity (&gt;20/50) is markedly reduced. Furthermore, sequelae such as optic atrophy, elevated intraocular pressure, peripheral anterior synechiae, and corneal blood staining may occur. Although subconjunctival injuries can be minor, they may mask more
Promotion of Physical Activity for Children and Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Patricia E. Longmuir, Julie A. Brothers, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Laura L. Hayman, George F. Van Hare, G. Paul Matherne, Christopher K. Davis, Elizabeth A. Joy, Brian W. McCrindle
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The American Heart Association recognizes the importance of physically active lifestyles to the health and well-being of children and adults with congenital heart defects. Counseling of patients with congenital heart defects should emphasize the importance of daily physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior as appropriate for the patient’s clinical status. The suggested practices are based on relevant research regarding the benefits of physical activity for healthy children and adults, because research on physical activity among patients with congenital heart defects is lacking. There is no evidence regarding whether or not there is a need to restrict recreational physical activity among patients with congenital heart defects, apart from those with rhythm disorders. It is important to recognize that most patients with congenital heart defects are relatively sedentary and that the physical and psychosocial health benefits of physical activity are important for this population, which is at risk for exercise intolerance, obesity, and psychosocial morbidities. Therefore, counseling to encourage daily participation in appropriate physical activity should be a core component of every patient encounter.
Technetium-99m Glucoheptonate as a Scanning Agent in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: JAN D. ESSER, MICHAEL C. KEW, MILTON TOBIAS, RUTH WINTERTON, INA SAVITCH, JOSEPH LEVIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Technetium-99m glucoheptonate (Tc-99m GH) is concentrated in pulmonary and cerebral tumors. The purpose of this study was to assess the uptake of this radionuclide by hepatocellular carcinoma. Its concentration by the primary tumor was compared with that in the non-neoplastic hepatic tissue in 31 patients who showed obvious defects on a colloid scan, and its uptake by pulmonary metastases was examined in six patients with x-ray evidence of this complication. In two patients, the uptake by the tumor was greater than, in six it was equal to, and in ten it was less than that in the non-neoplastic hepatic tissue. In the remaining 13 patients, there was no concentration at all in the tumor. In none of the six patients with multiple pulmonary metastases could uptake of Tc-99m GH by the metastases be demonstrated. It is concluded that Tc-99m GH is of limited value in the diagnosis of primary or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cough and sleep in inner-city children
Authors: P Fuller, A Picciotto, M Davies, SA McKenzie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

This study aimed to determine whether cough at night keeps children awake, to describe the relationship between children's cough and sleep and to report parents' perceptions of their children's cough and sleep. Thirty-nine children with reported persistent cough at night (&gt;3 weeks) were recruited and studied for 6 nights by video-recording. Coughs were counted and sleep state was coded for awake, restless sleep and quiet sleep. The relationships between cough and sleep state between subjects and within subjects were examined by correlation and regression. After night 2 the parents were asked whether their child had coughed or had disturbed sleep and after night 6 they were asked whether there had been any change. There was a weak relationship between log percentage of the night awake and log number of coughs (r=0.13, SE 0.036), and log (percentage of the night awake plus restless sleep) and log number of coughs (r=0.016, SE 0.0071). If the relationship between cough and sleep state is causal, halving the number of coughs will reduce the percentage of the night awake by 9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4-15%) and percentage awake and restless by 1% (95% CI 0-2%). All but one parent correctly identified coughing and 82% detected change. Most could not comment on their child's sleep. Improvement in cough would result in little reduction in either the percentage of the night awake or awake and restless in the average child in the population studied. Parents could detect whether their children were coughing but not whether their sleep was disturbed.
The role of nitric oxide in aspirin induced thrombolysis in vitro and the purification of aspirin activated nitric oxide synthase from human blood platelets
Authors: Soumendra K. Karmohapatra, Kushal Chakraborty, Nighat N. Kahn, Asru K. Sinha
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Aspirin, a well-known inhibitor of platelet aggregation, is extensively used for the prevention/treatment of coronary artery disease. The beneficial and antithrombotic effects of the compound are related to the inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase. It is currently believed that aspirin has no effect on the formed thrombus, which results in coronary artery disease. It was found that the exposure of platelets to 4.0 microM aspirin either in vitro or in vivo resulted in fibrinolysis of the formed "clot" produced by the recalcification of platelet-rich plasma due to the production of NO in these cells by the compound. The lysis of clot in the presence of aspirin was found to be related to the fibrinolysis with simultaneous appearance of fibrin degradation products due to the generation of serine proteinase activity by NO in the assay mixture. The aspirin activated nitric oxide synthase that catalyzed the synthesis of NO in platelets was solubilized by Triton X-100 treatment and purified to homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G-50 columns. The enzyme was found to be a single chain polypeptide with M.W. 19 kDa. The treatment of human plasminogen with NO was found to directly activate the zymogen to plasmin with the production of preactivation peptide in the absence of cofactors, or cells without the formation of cyclic GMP in the assay mixture.
Effect of Alpha-Interferon Treatment in Patients with Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: David K. H. Wong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To determine whether alpha-interferon is effective in terminating viral replication and in eradicating the carrier state in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Randomized controlled studies published in the English literature between January 1966 and June 1992 were identified through a MEDLINE computer search.Fifteen randomized controlled studies with a total of 837 adult chronic HBV carriers who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were identified. Studies were included if patients were treated for at least 3 months and followed for at least 6 months after cessation of therapy.Overall, the loss of HBsAg occurred 6% more often in interferon-treated patients than the natural seroconversion seen in controls (7.8% compared with 1.8%, P = 0.001), and the loss of viral replication occurred approximately 20% more often in treated patients than in controls (33% compared with 12% for loss of HBeAg and 37% compared with 17% for the loss of HBV DNA, P = 0.0001) if patients received interferon for 3 to 6 months and were followed for 6 to 12 months. Interferon also had a significant treatment effect on the development of antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibodies to HBeAg (anti-HBe), and on the normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels.Alpha-interferon is effective in terminating viral replication and in eradicating the carrier state in patients with chronic HBV infection who are HBeAg positive when these patients are treated for 3 to 6 months and followed for 6 to 12 months after cessation of therapy. Follow-up studies are required to determine whether interferon reduces the risk for developing cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.
Sport Parachuting and Sky Diving
Authors: Allan J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

With an estimated 40,000 persons in the United States engaged in this new sport, and with its popularity still increasing, it can be expected that physicians will become more and more involved in considerations of prevention of injuries and fatalities incurred in this activity. Serious public concern is evidenced when the number of fatalities in football practice and play amount to 45, as they did in 1964. Twenty-seven of these were due directly to trauma. The number of boys and young men participating in this sport was close to 4 million. Yet there were 34 fatalities in sports parachuting and sky diving in 1963 and 32 in 1964, an estimated fatality ratio per participant over 80 times greater than that for football. It is apparently the case that public concern is less only because fewer people are involved and because the majority are adults, and presumably, therefore, responsible only to
The Venereal Peril.
Authors: C. H. Preston.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 24, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> In referring favorably to the "Circular of Warning" recently issued by the Scott County, Iowa, Medical Society, you say: "It would be better if the German plan, to which we referred some time ago, were adopted and leaflets prepared separately for circulation among the two sexes." Can this view be rationally sustained? As a graduate of a coeducational college I am firmly convinced of the underlying truth that each sex is greatly benefited by sharing the viewpoint of the other; and this, I believe, is especially true as to education in sexual matters. Each needs to know the dangers of license, not only to his own sex but to the other as well; and all the better if each knows that the other is informed. This is not to say, however, that the one circular, one book or one lecture should come
The Distribution of Body Fluids in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: R. D. SQUIRES, A. P. CROSLEY, J. R. ELKINTON
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The balance technic was applied in six studies of patients with congestive heart failure during the diuresis of their edema fluid. From the data so obtained changes in the extra- and intracellular phases of the body fluids were calculated, as well as transfers of sodium and potassium between the several phases and between the body and external environment. The results indicate that abnormalities of intracellular fluid exist in this condition.
Benign and Malignant Breast Disease in South Wales: A Study of Urinary Steroids
Authors: E. H. D. Cameron, K. Griffiths, E. N. Gleave, H. J. Stewart, A. P. M. Forrest, H. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The levels of aetiocholanolone, androsterone, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids were measured in women without known disease of the breast, in women with benign breast disease, and in women with primary and advanced breast cancer. Statistical analysis showed there was no difference in the excretion of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in the various groups of patients. Detailed analysis of the aetiocholanolone and androsterone levels, however, indicated that patients with advanced localized disease excreted significantly less of these 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids than those in the other groups.
Exclusion of linkage between the collagenase gene and generalized recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa phenotype.
Authors: A Hovnanian, P Duquesnoy, S Amselem, C Blanchet-Bardon, M Lathrop, L Dubertret, M Goossens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Generalized recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe inherited autosomal disease characterized by dermolytic blister formation. Enhanced collagenase and/or abnormal collagenase have been reported in skin from affected patients, suggesting that collagenase could be responsible for the absence of anchoring fibrils in this disorder. We used a genetic linkage approach to test the hypothesis that this disease is due to a defect in the collagenase gene in nine affected families. Analysis of amplified genomic DNA fragments of the collagenase gene by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed us to detect intragenic polymorphisms, which were subsequently characterized by direct genomic sequencing. Segregation analysis of these polymorphic sites showed exclusion of linkage between the collagenase gene and generalized RDEB phenotype in a family with consanguineous parents and three affected children. However, the possibility of linkage with the collagenase gene in the other eight families tested could not be excluded. The genetic markers described here provide a tool for investigating genetic linkage in other affected families. Overall, our results show that generalized RDEB can be caused by a defect in a gene other than the collagenase gene, and support the hypothesis that the genetic defect lies in abnormal anchoring fibril formation.
Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Whole-Body Total Lesion Glycolysis to Predict Survival in Patients With Pharyngeal Cancer Treated With Definitive Radiotherapy
Authors: Shang-Wen Chen, Te-Chun Hsieh, Kuo-Yang Yen, Ji-An Liang, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The objective of this study was to examine the predictive role of pretreatment total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the whole-body and primary tumors in patients with pharyngeal cancer (PC) treated with definitive radiotherapy.The retrospective analysis examined 74 PC patients treated with radiotherapy. All patients received pretreatment with F-FDG PET/CT. Several autosegmentation methods were used to determine the PET/CT-based metabolic tumor volume (MTV), TLG of the primary tumor, and whole-body TLG (TLGw) for each patient. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and primary relapse-free survival (PRFS) were examined according to the cutoffs of the median values for MTV, TLG, and gross tumor volume of the primary tumor. Independent prognosticators were identified using Cox regression analysis.After a median follow-up of 33 months, 42 patients remained disease-free, and 32 patients experienced cancer recurrence. Multivariate analysis of the OS and DFS showed that the application of 40% of the maximal uptake of whole body TLG(TLGw40%) was the only predictor of OS or DFS. Patients who had tumors with TLGw40% greater than 92 g had significantly lower 3-year OS and DFS compared with patients who had smaller TLGw. The independent predictors for PRFS were MTV greater than the SUVmax of 2.5 (MTV2.5).For PC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, pretreatment with TLGw40% achieved the optimal predictive value for OS and DFS, and MTV2.5 was a prognosticator for PRFS.
Shock in Phaeochromocytoma Treated with Noradrenaline
Authors: N. Gjol, R. Dybkaer, J. Funder
Journal: BMJ (1957)

J ug douching effects considerable economies in cotton-wool, antiseptics, and the preparation of sterile water; it is simpler to carry out and more comfortable to the patients.We wish to record our thanks to Mr. N. W. Please for con- stant advice in planning and carrying out this trial;
Should relatives watch resuscitation? A haunting experience in Nepal
Authors: S Britten, J Day, J Wright, H Ford
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - I wish to contribute my experience to the debate concerning whether relatives should be allowed to witness resuscitation.1,2 While I was a medical student doing my elective in Nepal a large earthquake occurred there. In the first 24 hours afterwards the hospital, staffed by three doctors and three medical students, was overwhelmed by 500 casualties. On the same day a 35 year old woman attempted suicide by ingesting organophosphorus weedkiller. Her husband had left her for her younger sister, and she was thus homeless with four children. Debate ensued: in view of the hospital being overrun by earthquake victims should she be treated? The potential consequences of her death to her children, however, led to her being admitted to a makeshift intensive care unit. Her children slept on a bench on the veranda outside.

In the …
Trial of Ebola virus vaccine is due to start next week
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

An unprecedented international effort is afoot to accelerate normal drug trial authorisation processes so that an experimental vaccine can be given to healthcare workers on the front line of the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in west Africa.

A fast tracked, phase I clinical trial of a vaccine developed jointly by the US National Institutes of Health and the UK drug company GlaxoSmithKline began in the United States in early September, and parallel trials are planned to start in the United Kingdom in the week of 15 September and in Mali and Gambia later in September.

The World Health Organization at first insisted that the only way to control the outbreak was through traditional containment methods, but in August, as the death toll rose and after two US aid workers were given experimental treatments, it agreed that unlicensed drugs could also be used. Since then, regulatory processes for phase I clinical …
Digitalis
Authors: T W Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

ALTHOUGH digitalis has been in clinical use for more than 200 years, not until the late 1920s was it clearly demonstrated that digitalis has a positive inotropic effect on the heart, enhancing the contractile state of the intact ventricle.1 Nearly 60 more years passed before a consensus emerged about the underlying cellular mechanism whereby cardiac glycosides augment the force of contraction of the normal and failing heart. In this brief review, I shall summarize our current understanding of the basic mechanisms of the action of digitalis and offer a view of the appropriate place of cardiac glycosides in the contemporary . . .
Nucleoprotein-Latex Agglutination Test in Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: W. J. Fessel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1959)

Research into the aetiology of the collagen diseases has been guided recently by the speculation that they may be manifestations of hypersensitivity.Rheu- matoid arthritis and disseminated lupus erytha- matosus especially, it has been suggested, could be the results of "auto-immune" processes.The work of Klemperer, Gueft, Lee, Leuchtenberger, and Pollister (1950) focused attention on the role of deoxyribosenucleic acid in disseminated lupus erythematosus.Subsequently, Miescher and Strassle (1957) described deoxyribosenucleic acid antibodies in the disease.These investigators used haem- agglutination of sensitized sheep red cells to estimate antibody titres, but suggested that latex particles might also be used.Christian, Mendez-Bryan, and Larson (1958) recently described the use of latex particles sensitized with nucleoprotein as a test for disseminated lupus erythematosus.This report describes our results with a nucleoprotein-latex agglutination test on the sera of patients with lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and certain other diseases.We also performed F II haemagglutination tests (method of Jacobson, Kammerer, Wolf, Epstein, and Heller, 1956) on most of these sera.Materials and Methods (I) Deoxyribosenucleoprotein was obtained by the standard method (Zamenhof, 1957) of washing a homo- genate of calf thymus in 0-1 molar sodium citrate and subsequently extracting the nucleoprotein with 1 molar sodium chloride.The nucleoprotein was precipitated twice by making the solution 70 per cent.with respect to ethyl alcohol, and the nucleoprotein fibres finally
Risk of Positive Margins and Biochemical Recurrence in Relation to Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Mario Sofer, Kara L. Hamilton-Nelson, James J. Schlesselman, Mark S. Soloway
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To assess the effect of nerve-sparing (NS) radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) on surgical margins and biochemical recurrence.Location and incidence of positive surgical margins, recurrence, and time to recurrence were assessed in a consecutive series of 734 men who underwent RRP for localized prostate cancer from 1992 through February 2000. NS procedures were used in 33% (n = 240) of 734 patients studied.Surgical margins were positive for 24% (n = 58) and 31% (n = 152) of NS and non-NS patients, respectively (P =.06). No significant difference between the groups was found in location of positive margins (P =.92). Prostate-specific antigen level greater than 10 ng/mL, extraprostatic extension, tumor volume more than 20%, capsular penetration, Gleason score > or = 7, positive margins, and seminal vesicle invasion were associated with significantly increased risk of recurrence. However, NS patients were not at increased risk of recurrence compared with non-NS patients (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.72). The cumulative risk of recurrence within 3 and 5 years of surgery in NS patients was 9.7% and 14.4%, respectively, as compared with 17.1% and 21.1% for non-NS patients.In patients with localized prostate cancer, neither margin status nor biochemical-free survival within 5 years of surgery were altered by the nerve preservation technique. Given our experience, we recommend preservation of neurovascular bundles in these patients whenever the procedure is technically feasible.
DYSKERATOSIS IN BOWEN'S DISEASE*
Authors: ROBERT L. OLSON, ROBERT E. NORDQUIST, MARK ALLEN EVERETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— Dyskeratosis is a feature of certain benign and malignant epithelial disorders. In Bowen's disease, dyskeratosis is characterized by central displacement, aggregation and condensation of tonofilaments within individual cells at all levels of the epidermis. This premature keratinization is primary and is similar to the benign dyskeratosis observed in keratosis follicularis. Centrally displaced dyskeratotic material was observed intermingled with the mitotic apparatus. Giant cells apparently resulted, since nuclear but not cytoplasmic division was seen. Dyskeratosis may also be secondary, through phagocytosis by one cell of partly or completely keratinized material from other cells. This may result in formation of a second distinct type of giant cell.