tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of estrogen receptor ? polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Guohong Deng, Gangqiao Zhou, Yun Zhai, Shuqing Li, Xuhong Li, Ya Li, Ruifang Zhang, Zhijian Yao, Yan Shen, Boqing Qiang, Yuming Wang, Fuchu He
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Several studies have demonstrated that estrogen receptor α (ESR1) participates in the pathogenesis of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To examine whether polymorphisms at the ESR1 gene locus are associated with persistent HBV infection, we resequenced ESR1 genomic region for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 27 unrelated Chinese. Two haplotype-tagged SNPs (htSNP), T29C and A252966G, were selected for genotyping in 1,277 persistent HBV-infected cases, 748 spontaneously recovered controls, and 293 nuclear families using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. We observed that the subjects bearing ESR1 29T/T genotype had an increased susceptibility to persistent HBV infection compared to those bearing at least one 29C allele (odds ratio 1.41; 95% CI, 1.17-1.71, P &lt; .001). Consistent with the results of population-based association study, a significantly greater than expected transmission of the 29T allele (56.4%) from heterozygous parents to offspring with persistent HBV infection was observed (χ 2 = 4.60, P = .033) using the transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT) in 293 nuclear families. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping analysis indicated that the T29C polymorphism contained within a LD block located from promoter region to intron 3 of ESR1 , suggesting that the strong association detected with T29C in ESR1 originated from ESR1 itself. In conclusion , our results suggest that the genetic variation at the ESR1 locus influences susceptibility to persistent HBV infection in a Chinese population. (Hepatology 2004;40:318-326.)
The Office Measurement of Cholesterol-Reply
Authors: Paul Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We appreciate Dr Boerma's comments, since they provide an opportunity to address an important nonanalytic issue about cholesterol variability. The statement that blood treated with edetic acid is inappropriate for testing on the Reflotron is incorrect. While the Reflotron is designed for analysis of whole blood, plasma or serum is a suitable specimen. According to the manufacturer, either heparin or edetic acid can be used as an anticoagulant. Dr Boerma points out that we have used the term<i>analytic range</i>in two different ways. It is essential that clinicians recognize that a method may not be linear over the complete analytic range claimed by the manufacturer. Finally, Dr Boerma raises the important distinction between analytic variability and biologic variability. This issue has recently been reviewed.<sup>1</sup>Biologic variability refers to the range of cholesterol values that one person manifests over time, even when diet, drugs, and other
Value of a centralised approach in the management of haematemesis and melaena: experience in a district general hospital.
Authors: R A Holman, M Davis, K R Gough, P Gartell, D C Britton, R B Smith
Journal: Gut (1990)

All patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding between November 1986 and April 1988 were admitted to a centralised joint medical/surgical unit, with a policy of early clinical and endoscopic assessment and rapid surgical intervention in those at high risk. Of the 430 patients admitted 69.5% were over the age of 60 and 30% had significant additional medical conditions. 50.4% were bleeding from peptic ulcers and one third had been taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Fifty five patients underwent surgery, which in two thirds was carried out within 24 hours of admission, usually for continued bleeding. In patients with peptic ulcer the operation rate was 21.6%. Overall mortality was 3.7%, and in those with bleeding gastric or duodenal ulcers 5.5%; surgical mortality in the later group was 15.2%. All patients who died had serious concomitant pathology and 87% were over 70 years of age. Adoption of a centralised approach to management of haematemasis and melaena is feasible in a District General Hospital and associated with an improved survival.
Mycoses of the alimentary tract.
Authors: J M Smith
Journal: Gut (1969)

Progress reportMycoses of the alimentary tract Fungi seem to be increasing in importance as the causal agents of disease in man, especially as secondary invaders in already debilitated individuals.Whether this increase is related to modern forms of treatment or whether it is due to our increased awareness of their existence and improved diag- nostic procedures is unknown, although evidence is accumulating to suggest that modern therapy, especially for diseases of the reticuloendothelial system, is a contributory factor" 2 3.At present evidence of systemic mycotic infection is uncovered in about 1 to 2% of routine necropsies, a figure which rises to around 20% if selected groups, such as those with leukaemia and lymphomas, are taken into account.3One of the commoner sites of fungal invasion is the alimentary tract, and the object of this paper is to review cer- tain aspects of such infections. DISEASES ORIGINATING IN YEASI SAt least 13 genera, comprising over 100 identified species of yeasts, have been recovered from the gut of mammals.However, only a limited number of these have been incriminated as the cause of disease.CANDIDOSIS While most of the available information on mammalian candidosis centres around man, and Candida albicans,4 Hurley5 has clearly demonstrated the pathogenic ability of three species of Candida other than C. albicans (C.stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis) and has shown that each of the seven species (C.albicans, C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis) regularly isolated from the human host has been the aetiological agent of superficial and/or systemic candidosis.There is also evidence of the pathogenicity (at least to mice and rabbits) of C. viswanatlzii.The commonest clinical manifestation of C. albicans infection is oral thrush-a disease universally recognized as common in infants and debilitated adults.In the typical mild case the disease first appears in the form of small white patches on the lining of the gums, the sides of the tongue, the buccal mucosa, and the mucosa of the throat.Lesions usually become confluent and form pearly-white raised patches which resemble curds of milk in appearance.After they are removed a raw surface is left.The lesions are usually painless with no swelling and heal rapidly within a few days of starting treatment.Occasionally the disease may be more serious with erosion and ulceration of the oral mucosa and necrosis and granuloma formation.The various human clinical types have been reviewed by Lehner6 and Cawson7.Of these, Candida leukoplakia is of particular interest.It seems clear that those chronic leukoplakia lesions, from which C. albicans can regularly be recovered, have a specific histology and that abundant fungal elements can be demonstrated 1035 on August 12,
Brain Systems, Disorders and Psychotropic Drugs
Authors: J. Raymond DePaulo
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This book is described by its author as an "attempt to show how various brain systems function together to produce integrated behavioral responses.... " Although the volume contains much useful information, it neither achieves the author's ambitious goal nor provides sufficient critical illumination to warrant an enthusiastic endorsement. The author's plan as reflected in the title was to describe (1) "normal brain systems," (2) the dysfunctions inherent in various neuropsychiatric disorders, and (3) the effects of psychotropic drugs on both the disorders and "normal systems." The organizational plan works well enough for the first two of the book's five sections, "Arousal and Sleep" and "Reward and Punishment." The third section on learning and memory is well organized, but the "Drugs and Memory" chapter is disappointing. There is little benefit in learning about "drugs for forgetting" (no pun intended), and none of the "drugs for improving memory" produce substantial benefit in memory-disordered
Our unequal society
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Back in the 1980s, when Margaret Thatcher was confidently asserting that there was no such thing as society, researchers ploughing the unfashionable furrow of health inequalities must have despaired of ever being heard. Things have moved on since then, though not perhaps as far as we might have hoped. There is now good evidence, some of it published in the BMJ (1999;319:953) that the healthiest and happiest societies are those with the most equal distribution of income. And compared even with a decade ago, when wider issues such as poverty and housing were excluded from discussion ( BMJ 1995;311:1177), governments have become braver about embracing these social issues when talking …
EFFECT OF ETHYL ICOSAPENTATE THERAPY WITH ASSESSMENT BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY IN LOW LDL-CHOLESTEROL PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Takashi Yamano, Makoto Orii, Yasutsugu Shiono, Kunihiro Shimamura, Kohei Ishibashi, Takashi Tanimoto, Yasushi Ino, Tomoyuki Yamaguchi, Takashi Kubo, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cerebral Autoregulatory Responses to Head-Up Tilt in Normal Subjects and Patients With Recurrent Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Brian J. Carey, Bradley N. Manktelow, Ronney B. Panerai, John F. Potter
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — The effect of orthostatic stress on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) in normal subjects and patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS) is unclear. This study assessed the dynamic CA responses of both groups to head-up tilt. Methods and Results — Seventeen patients with recurrent VVS and 17 pair-matched control subjects underwent 70° head-up tilt for up to 30 minutes. Bilateral middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities (CBFV) were measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound along with noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and transcutaneous and end-tidal CO 2 concentrations. Indices of dynamic CA were derived for periods before, during, and after tilt. Eight normal subjects who developed VVS in an identical protocol but who had no previous clinical history of syncope were also studied. CBFV and transcutaneous and end-tidal CO 2 levels declined significantly during head-up tilt in all groups ( P &lt;0.0001). Dynamic CA indices were unchanged throughout tilt in nonsyncopal control subjects and were initially unchanged in patients but deteriorated significantly in patients and syncopal control subjects in the minutes before ( P =0.027 and P =0.012, respectively) and after ( P =0.002 and P =0.007, respectively) syncope. Conclusions — Dynamic CA is preserved in patients and control subjects initially after head-up tilt. Autoregulatory function remains intact in nonsyncopal control subjects during prolonged orthostasis but deteriorates in patients and syncopal control subjects immediately before and after VVS.
Noninvasive and Invasive Staging of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chiara Fuccio, Paolo Castellucci, Maria Cristina Marzola, Adil Al-Nahhas, Stefano Fanti, Domenico Rubello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

The use of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the characterization of doubtful adnexal findings and in the staging of ovarian cancer is being extensively evaluated. The purpose of our article is to review the literature and to add our experience to the published works. We concluded that F-18 FDG PET/CT could represent an important method in addition to other imaging modalities (transvaginal ultrasound-, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography) in the characterization of adnexal masses and in the staging of ovarian cancer patients, particularly in assessing the presence of extra-abdominal metastatic spread.
Changes in Practice Bring Cardiologists Conflicts
Authors: Donald F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE EXPONENTIAL growth of medical information, coupled with efforts to establish a system of evidence-based medicine, will create inevitable conflicts as cardiologists adapt to new demands under health care system reform, predicted Thomas Killip, MD, chief of cardiology at Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, at the opening plenary session of the American College of Cardiology meeting. His presentation, Evidence-Based Practice and Health Care Reform, was this year's Simon Dick Lecture.  Evidence-based medicine is defined as the use of scientific data to confirm that proposed diagnostic or treatment procedures are appropriate in light of their high probability of producing the best and most favorable outcome. As a recent article in Science (1996;272:22-24) put it, all too often physicians rely on custom, hearsay, and dogma in choosing treatments. A new British journal, Evidence Based Medicine , the American College of Physicians' Journal Club , and other programs, said the article, aim to
Severe Liver Injury
Authors: Maria Torres, K. Rajender Reddy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters2 October 2001Severe Liver InjuryMaria Torres, MD and K. Rajender Reddy, MDMaria Torres, MDUniversity of Miami School of Medicine; Miami, FL 33136 (Torres, Reddy)Search for more papers by this author and K. Rajender Reddy, MDUniversity of Miami School of Medicine; Miami, FL 33136 (Torres, Reddy)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-7-200110020-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the study by Reinus and colleagues on hepatitis after treatment with zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist (1). In our practice, we encountered a case of fulminant hepatic failure related to zafirlukast in a patient who eventually required liver transplantation. A 36-year-old firefighter had accidental smoke inhalation in May 1999. She received a diagnosis of “industrial asthma” and was prescribed zafirlukast, 20 mg twice daily, which she took regularly. Her other medications included inhalation aerosols, theophylline, and an over-the-counter weight-loss preparation called Lipokinetics, none of which are hepatotoxic.In June 2000, she presented with ...References1. Reinus JF, Persky S, Burkiewicz JS, Quan D, Bass N, Davern T. Severe liver injury after treatment with the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:964-8. [PMID: 11119397] LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Physicians' Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics; 2001:611-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Maria Torres, MD; K. Rajender Reddy, MDAffiliations: University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami, FL 33136 (Torres, Reddy) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSevere Liver Injury after Treatment with the Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Zafirlukast John F. Reinus , Seth Persky , Jill S. Burkiewicz , David Quan , Nathan M. Bass , and Timothy J. Davern Montelukast-Induced Hepatitis Marc F. Goldstein , James Anoia , and Martin Black Metrics Cited byZafirlukastNonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Leukotriene Receptor AntagonistsImportant Elements for the Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Liver InjuryZafirlukastMontelukast-Induced HepatitisMarc F. Goldstein, MD, James Anoia, MD, and Martin Black, MDLeukotriene antagonistsA Case of Montelukast-Induced HepatotoxicityDrugs acting on the respiratory tractDrug-induced liver disease 2 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 7Page: 550KeywordsAcute liver failureDrugsHepatitis AInhalationLiver diseasesLiver transplantationNecrosisOrthotopic liver transplantationProthrombin timeSerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase ePublished: 2 October 2001 Issue Published: 2 October 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Self-adjuvanted RNActive® vaccine induces local immune responses at the injection site leading to potent adaptive immunity in mice and humans
Authors: Aleksandra Kowalczyk, Fatma Döner, Edith Jasny, Janine Noth, Birgit Scheel, Sven D Koch, Mariola Fotin-Mleczek, Regina Heidenreich
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Two-component mRNA-based vaccine (RNActive®) combines high antigen expression with strong immune stimulation. We have previously shown that intradermal administration of RNActive® vaccines induced balanced, potent and long-lasting immune responses in both mice and humans. Here,
A CONVENIENT ADDITION TO THE BUNSEN BURNER
Authors: W. L. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The device shown in the illustration makes a very useful addition to the equipment of a bacteriologic laboratory. The apparatus slips over the Bunsen burner and can be set at any height or direction by means of the thumb screw. The apparatus used by us is 6 inches high, with a the pushed-in cotton plug in closing cultures for storage or shipment, and for many similar purposes. The side flame can be turned away from the worker when not in use by loosening the thumb screw. <h3>Trachoma in New York City.</h3> —In 1910 there were recorded 20,915 cases of trachoma in the public schools of New York City; in 1920 the number had been reduced to 944; in 1922 there were 345 cases, all under treatment.—<i>Am. J. Ophthalmology</i>, July, 1924.
Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Caren G. Solomon, Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer, Eric B. Rimm, Walter C. Willett, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in generally healthy populations. We assessed prospectively the association between moderate alcohol intake and CHD risk in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a group at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results —We studied women in the Nurses’ Health Study who reported a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus at ≥30 years of age. During 39 092 person-years of follow-up from 1980 to 1994, there were 295 CHD events documented among this population, including 194 cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction and 101 cases of fatal CHD. Odds ratios derived from logistic regression were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) for CHD as a function of usual alcohol intake, with adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with diabetic women reporting no alcohol intake, the age-adjusted RR for nonfatal or fatal CHD among diabetic women reporting usual intake of 0.1 to 4.9 g (&lt;0.5 drinks) of alcohol daily was 0.74 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.98), and among those reporting usual intake ≥5 g/d, it was 0.48 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.72) ( P for trend &lt;0.0001). Inverse associations between alcohol intake and CHD risk remained significant in multivariate analysis adjusting for several other coronary risk factors (0.1 to 4.9 g/d: RR 0.72 [95% CI 0.54 to 0.96]; ≥5 g/d: RR 0.45 [0.29 to 0.68]). Conclusions —Although potential risks of alcohol consumption must be considered, these data suggest that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced CHD risk in women with diabetes and should not be routinely discouraged.
Central Role of Sodium in Hypertension in Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Peter Weidmann, Paolo Ferrari
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

The common association between diabetes mellitus and hypertension may be promoted by several mechanisms. Patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes and prone to develop nephropathy often have a familial predisposition for essential hypertension, whereas normotensive healthy offspring of nondiabetic essential hypertensive parents tend to have a reduced insulin sensitivity and increased plasma insulin levels. Na+ retention occurs as a characteristic alteration in type I or non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes; exchangeable body Na+ (Naex) is increased by 10% on average. This abnormality develops in the uncomplicated stage of diabetes and differentiates diabetic from nondiabetic essential hypertensive subjects. Possible Na(+)- retaining mechanisms include increased glomerular filtration of glucose leading to enhanced proximal tubular Na(+)-glucose cotransport, hyperinsulinemia (which activates several tubular Na+ transporters), an extravascular shift of fluid with Na+, and, once it occurs, renal failure. The pathogenetic role of Na+ retention in diabetes-associated hypertension is supported by positive correlations between systolic or mean blood pressure and Naex and by normalization of blood pressure after removal of excess Na+ by diuretic treatment in hypertensive diabetic subjects. The latter may also have an enhanced sensitivity of blood pressure to Na+. Plasma levels of active renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and catecholamines are usually normal or low in metabolically stable type I or type II diabetes. However, an exaggerated vascular reactivity to norepinephrine and angiotensin II commonly occurs already at uncomplicated stages of type I or type II diabetes. This may be a manifestation of functional (i.e., intracellular electrolytes) and/or morphological (proliferation, narrowing, and stiffening) vasculopathy. Diabetes-associated Na+ retention, vasculopathy, and a presumably inherited predisposition for both diabetes and essential hypertension may represent important complementary factors favoring the frequent occurrence of hypertension in the diabetic population.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II links ER stress with Fas and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways
Authors: Jenelle M. Timmins, Lale Ozcan, Tracie A. Seimon, Gang Li, Cristina Malagelada, Johannes Backs, Thea Backs, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson, Mark E. Anderson, Ira Tabas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

ER stress-induced apoptosis is implicated in various pathological conditions, but the mechanisms linking ER stress-mediated signaling to downstream apoptotic pathways remain unclear. Using human and mouse cell culture and in vivo mouse models of ER stress-induced apoptosis, we have shown that cytosolic calcium resulting from ER stress induces expression of the Fas death receptor through a pathway involving calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIgamma (CaMKIIgamma) and JNK. Remarkably, CaMKIIgamma was also responsible for processes involved in mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, including release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. CaMKII-dependent apoptosis was also observed in a number of cultured human and mouse cells relevant to ER stress-induced pathology, including cultured macrophages, endothelial cells, and neuronal cells subjected to proapoptotic ER stress. Moreover, WT mice subjected to systemic ER stress showed evidence of macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, renal epithelial cell apoptosis, and renal dysfunction, and these effects were markedly reduced in CaMKIIgamma-deficient mice. These data support an integrated model in which CaMKII serves as a unifying link between ER stress and the Fas and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Our study also revealed what we believe to be a novel proapoptotic function for CaMKII, namely, promotion of mitochondrial calcium uptake. These findings raise the possibility that CaMKII inhibitors could be useful in preventing apoptosis in pathological settings involving ER stress-induced apoptosis.