tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Obstetric Emergency Service
Authors: F. Stabler
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The Newcastle-upon-Tyne Obstetric Emergency Service has flourished since early in 1935, when it was founded by Prof. E. Farquhar Murray, and it is entirely due to his organi zation and enthusiasm that it has grown to its present strength. From that time until the end of 1946, 353 calls had been made, 8,356 miles travelled, 30 gallons of intra venous infusion given, and 37 women had died. It is feit that an assessment of its work would be timely. This centre is probably unique in England for the reason that there is not another university centre within 120 miles to the northward and 90 miles to the southward. The furthest distances travelled have been: to the north, Berwick (64 miles) ; to the south, Barnard Castle (41 miles) ; and to the west, Haltwhistle (37 miles). The population in this area is about 2 millions, though three towns? Sunderland, Stockton, and Darlington?have not made use of the facilities. With these exceptions arrangements for fees have been made with the local authorities. In 1935 only one call was made, but the next year there were 11, and by 1939 the number had risen to 47. The numbers fell during the war years, but rose in 1946 to a record of 56. From time to time suggestions have been made that subsidiary centres should be established, and it is probably true that beyond thirty miles much of the value of the service is lost. There are, however, two necessities without which the service would be valueless. The first is frequent use : unless there is frequent need to resterilize the appara tus, and a quick^ turnover of blood and plasma, the use of these becomes dangerous. The second is that there should be available a person who is familiar with the urgent con ditions met with, skilful, quick to handle infusion appara tus, and ready for any obstetric operation^ While speed is desirable it is not nearly so important as these two factors, and it is unfortunate that the nickname  Flying Squad  has been applied to the service. The apparatus alone has always been available for use by any practitioner who wished ; in actual fact, it has never once been called for without a request for the attendance of a consultant. In the early days of the service the aim was largely to render a woman temporarily fit to stand the ambulance journey to hospital. Intravenous saline was the most frequently used infusion, and it was not for some years that stored blood was available. Twenty-seven women who had suffered from loss of blood or shock were brought in after restorative measures and nine of them died. This high figure shows the danger of such a journey, which is nowadays almost never necessary.
An Evaluation of a Recent Modification of the Watson-Schwartz Test for Porphobilinogen
Authors: JAMES D. TOWNSEND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Brief Communication1 February 1964An Evaluation of a Recent Modification of the Watson-Schwartz Test for PorphobilinogenJAMES D. TOWNSEND, M.D.JAMES D. TOWNSEND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-306 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is ordinarily made by demonstrating the presence of porphobilinogen (PBG) in freshly passed urine. In 1941 Watson and Scwartz (1) described a simple test for the detection of this substance in the urine. In 1948 Hammond and Welker (2) reported that they were unable to find a single false positive in a thousand urine samples from routine hospital admissions. Because of this the test has been regarded as highly reliable, and the finding of a positive result is looked upon as almost pathognomonic of the disease. However, interpretation of the test may occasionally...References1. WATSONSCHWARTZ CJS: Simple test for urinary porphobilinogen. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 47: 393, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. HAMMONDWELKER RLML: Porphobilinogen tests on 1000 miscellaneous patients in search for false positive reactions. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 33: 1254, 1948. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. WATSONBOSSENMAIERCARDINAL CJIR: Acute intermittent porphyria. JAMA 175: 1087, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SCHWARTZKEPRIOSSCHMID SMR: Experimental porphyria: type produced by lead, phenylhydrazine and light. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 79: 463-468, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GOLDBERGRIMINGTON AC: Diseases of Porphyrin Metabolism, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1962, p. 77. Google Scholar6. MAUZERALLGRANICK DS: Occurrence and determination of delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in urine. J. Biol. Chem. 219: 435-446, 1956. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. WATSON CJ: Some studies of nature and clinical significance of porphobilinogen. Arch. Intern. Med. 93: 643, 1954. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Walnut Creek, CaliforniaFrom the Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Walnut Creek, California.This work was supported by a grant from the Kaiser Foundation.Requests for reprints should be addressed to James D. Townsend, M.D., 1425 South Main Street, Walnut Creek, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByClinical Chemistry of the PorphyrinsCase 41-1975SCREENING FOR PORPHYRIA AMONG PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTSPseudopositiver Watson-Schwarz-Test durch TryptophanCaloripenic PorphyriaAcute Intermittent Porphyria A Clinical and Laboratory Study of a Large FamilyWILLIAM H. MAHOOD, M.D., JOHN H. KILLOUGH, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 306-307KeywordsPorphyriaUrine Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage as Predictors of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome
Authors: Linda Badri, Susan Murray, Lyrica X. Liu, Natalie M. Walker, Andrew Flint, Anish Wadhwa, Kevin M. Chan, Galen B. Toews, David J. Pinsky, Fernando J. Martinez, Vibha N. Lama
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) from human lung allografts demonstrates the presence of a multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell population. However, the clinical relevance of this novel cellular component of BAL and its association with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a disease marked by progressive airflow limitation secondary to fibrotic obliteration of the small airways, remains to be determined.Objectives: In this study we investigate the association of number of mesenchymal stromal cells in BAL with development of BOS in human lung transplant recipients.Methods: Mesenchymal colony-forming units (CFUs) were quantitated in a cohort of 405 BAL samples obtained from 162 lung transplant recipients. Poisson generalized estimating equations were used to determine the predictors of BAL mesenchymal CFU count.Measurements and Main Results: Higher CFU counts were noted early post-transplantation; time from transplant to BAL of greater than 3 months predicted 0.4-fold lower CFU counts (P = 0.0001). BOS diagnosis less than or equal to 365 days before BAL was associated with a 2.11-fold higher CFU count (P = 0.02). There were 2.62- and 2.70-fold higher CFU counts noted in the presence of histologic diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans (P = 0.05) and organizing pneumonia (0.0003), respectively. In BAL samples obtained from BOS-free patients greater than 6 months post-transplantation (n = 173), higher mesenchymal CFU counts (≥10) significantly predicted BOS onset in both univariate (hazard ratio, 5.61; 95% CI, 3.03–10.38; P < 0.0001) and multivariate (hazard ratio, 5.02; 95% CI, 2.40–10.51; P < 0.0001) Cox regression analysis.Conclusions: Measurement of mesenchymal CFUs in the BAL provides predictive information regarding future BOS onset.
DIET IN RELATION TO PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY
Authors: G. E. Friend
Journal: BMJ (1936)

A pneumothorax treatment, and by no means well to conservative measures.Collapse should be produced as soon as this type is recognizable, however slight the changes and however good the patient's general condition.Recent cavities, mainly necrotic, in a toxaemic case, should be collapsed at once.According to Fowler,' a mortality rate of 90 per cent. in five years in these cases is reduced by collapse therapy to 33 per cent.Here again delay reduces the chances of success.Middle and lower zone cavities are usually more collapsible than apical cavities, and are more urgently in need of collapse.Chronic cavities are not well treated by any form of collapse therapy; they may close partially, or almost completely, but rarely heal.In cases with fibrous apical cavities a pneumothorax may do more harm than good.(5) The Case with Haemoptysis.-Collapse is often the best treatmrLent for severe or recurrent bleeding from an artery exposed in a cavity, but it is essential that the cause and the site of the bleeding should have been correctly diagnosed.A large haemoptysis in a previously healthy young adult is probably, of venous origin; collapse is unnecessary, for simpler measures suffice, and it introduces a grave risk of bronchopneumonia from retention of infected blood in the lung.
Gastropleural fistula: a complication of esophageal self-expanding metallic stent migration
Authors: H. Furlong, A. Nasr, T. Walsh
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 68-year-old woman presented with dysphagia secondary to squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. A self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) was inserted for symptomatic relief ([Fig. 1]) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was commenced. Treatment was suspended after only one cycle as the patient developed necrotizing fasciitis of her right buttock and thigh following an intramuscular injection. She declined further neoadjuvant therapy or surgery.
THE SCHICK TEST AND ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST DIPHTHERIA
Authors: J. P. Watt
Journal: BMJ (1925)

and it is well to mark these days 'by a red dot within a circle..If the morning urine alone is recorded the.results will lbe more constant, more flattering, and less useful.The night specimen is best for a patient who does not always urinate at home.A twenty-four hours specimen is inot mulich better; it is a nuisance to warm, and is only available for the home- keeping patient.Ketone Test.-Every morning the patient watches two drops of liquor ferri perchlor.trickle down the near side of the urine glass.If it changes from yellow to dark bIrowin the doctor must be informed that day.
NOTES ON THE TECHNIC OF TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD
Authors: J. SHELTON HORSLEY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Transfusion of blood has been brought into prominence in the last few years as an emergency life-saving measure. This operation has been developed by Carrel, Guthrie, Crile and others to such a point as to render its performance quite satisfactory in the hands of an average surgeon who has done enough experimental work on the lower animals to perfect his operative technic. Its advantages have been so well demonstrated by clinical use that its position among surgical procedures is assured. In two kinds of cases it is particularly appropriate. The class of cases exsanguinated to such an extent that even when the volume of blood is increased by salt solution life cannot be maintained, can be saved only by transfusion of blood. The other group consists of patients who have been so enfeebled by disease that they cannot stand the operation necessary to cure them. Here transfusion of blood increases
Effects of a single bolus of urokinase in patients with life-threatening pulmonary emboli: a descriptive trial.
Authors: P Petitpretz, G Simmoneau, J Cerrina, D Musset, M Dreyfus, M D Vandenbroek, P Duroux
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To evaluate hemodynamic, angiographic, and biological effects of a single bolus of urokinase, an open descriptive trial was conducted in a homogeneous group of 14 patients with acute life-threatening pulmonary emboli and without prior cardiopulmonary disease. For every patient the efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by comparing control and posttherapeutic values after the bolus injection of 15,000 IU/kg body weight urokinase (urinary source) administered in 10 min in the right atrium, followed by continuous intravenous full-dose heparin therapy. In two patients clinical status, hemodynamics, vascular obstruction, and biological (fibrinogen and plasminogen levels) parameters remained unchanged. One of these two patients died, making the mortality rate for the whole group 7%. Twelve of 14 patients showed rapid clinical improvement. Evaluation at 12 hr demonstrated significant decreases in pulmonary vascular obstruction (Miller index, 34%), total pulmonary vascular resistances (37%), and fibrinogen and plasminogen levels (41% and 40%, respectively), without any significant change in cardiac index. The hemodynamic sequential measurements performed (1,3, 6, and 12 hr) in seven of the 12 improved patients showed that the greatest percentage of the total hemodynamic improvement occurred within the first 3 hr after bolus administration of urokinase. No severe hemorrhagic complications were observed. Because of its rapid efficacy and its low cost, the bolus technique appeared particularly useful in the treatment of patients with acute life-threatening pulmonary emboli.
An Abuse of Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Morton A. Stenchever
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent situation pointed out for me a possible abuse of prenatal chromosome evaluation of the fetus. The patient, a 38-year-old mother of one boy and two girls, asked her obstetrician for an amniocentesis to rule out Down's syndrome. He collected and sent a specimen of her amniotic fluid to my laboratory where, subsequently, a chromosomally normal female was diagnosed by karyotype analysis from two different culture flasks. The diagnosis was also confirmed by smears for sex chromatin body and fluorescent stains for the Y chromosome. When the patient was given the news she stated that she did not wish to carry a female child and sought a therapeutic abortion. It became obvious after discussing the matter with the patient and her husband that they desired another son and had decided on this course of action to insure obtaining this goal. This situation may well become a
Fighting and lack of rain result in mounting crisis in southern Sudan
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An upsurge of violence across southern Sudan is creating a “health catastrophe,” say experts in the field. As the World Health Organization mobilises urgent additional resources to cope with the crisis, the World Food Programme, warning that the region faces a “massive food deficit,” has started emergency air drops of supplies.

More than 1200 people have been killed in a series of armed attacks and ethnic clashes in the region this year—more than the current death toll in Darfur, in the west of the country—leading to mounting concerns that this could presage a return to all-out war. WHO’s secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, said he was “deeply concerned over the string of attacks and counterattacks” and the killing and displacement of “innocent civilians.”

A WHO spokesman said last …
Botched abortions kill more than 66 000 women each year
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2007)

More than 66 000 women around the world die each year because of botched abortions, an international conference on safe abortion heard this week.

The conference in London, organised by the family planning body Marie Stopes International to mark the 40th anniversary of the UK's Abortion Act, called on all governments to recognise safe abortion as a basic human right.

Elizabeth Maguire, president of the reproductive rights organisation Ipas, said new data showed that the number of deaths from unsafe abortions had remained virtually unchanged over the last decade—and that in Africa it had even …
ABC of major trauma. Initial assessment and management--I: Primary survey.
Authors: P Driscoll, D Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The multiply injured patient has by definition multiple problems, and , , ,i2 w adequate treatment necessitates a team approach.The team must be organised appropriately and work in a well equipped resuscitation room.The overall management of the patient is the responsibility of the team leader, who should, ideally, not participate in practical procedures but should:(1) Organise the team(2) Assimilate the clinical findings and physical measurements(3) Devise immediate and definitive plans for management. Objectives of the trauma teamPatients with multiple injuries,seen in a British accident and emergency i Identifyandcorrectlifethreatening department have usually suffered blunt injuries, often caused by road traffic injuries accidents.These patients are difficult to assess because their injuries are not * Resuscitate the patient and stabilise the vital signs overt.Management of a patient, coordinated by the team leader, will * Determine the extent of other injuries depend on priorities, with attention being paid to identifying and correcting Preparetheptientfordefnitivecarlife threatening problems.It is vital that problems should be anticipated and * Prepare the patient for definitive care, which may mean transporting him or her to prepared for rather than reacted to.another centre
Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy During HIV Infection
Authors: Roger J. Pomerantz
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The glomerular basement membrane: not gone, just forgotten
Authors: M. G. Farquhar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

The glomerular capillaries function as the filtration barrier that retains albumin and other plasma proteins in the circulation. The unresolved question that has been asked for more than 50 years is, Which structural component of these capillaries constitutes the main molecular sieve that normally retains albumin and allows its passage in diseases associated with proteinuria? There is considerable evidence implicating both the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the epithelial filtration slits as the barrier. However, the prevailing point of view at present is that the slit diaphragms bridging the filtration slits are responsible for this important function, and evidence implicating the GBM is largely ignored or forgotten. In this issue of the JCI, Jarad et al. show that in laminin β2–deficient (Lamb2–/–) mice, proteinuria can be directly attributed to the altered composition of the GBM (see the related article beginning on page 2272). Changes in the permeability of the GBM and its organization were primary to changes in the epithelium, as they preceded foot process effacement and loss of slit diaphragms.
Absence of telomerase and shortened telomeres have minimal effects on skin and pancreatic carcinogenesis elicited by viral oncogenes
Authors: David Argilla, Koei Chin, Mallika Singh, J.Graeme Hodgson, Marcus Bosenberg, Carlos Ortiz de Solórzano, Stephen Lockett, Ronald A. DePinho, Joe Gray, Douglas Hanahan
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Oral Rehydration for Children With Diarrhea-Reply
Authors: Alan Meyers
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Smith makes an important point: homemade oral rehydration solutions (ORS) may be an acceptable and low-cost alternative to commercial ORS. Her recipe for ORS is close to that recommended by the World Health Organization, with the exception that the latter calls for ¼ tsp of potassium chloride rather than ½ tsp.<sup>1</sup>As with any homemade ORS, incorrect preparation—especially overconcentration of sugar or salt—may produce a dangerous solution capable of exacerbating diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte disturbance. A marked variability in the composition of homemade sugar-salt ORS prepared by mothers in poor nations has been demonstrated,<sup>2</sup>and this potential hazard has led many physicians to advise against the use of such solutions,<sup>3</sup>although comparable studies have not been reported from industrialized countries. During the past decade it has been demonstrated that ORS prepared from a mixture of salt and cereal (rice, wheat, or other grains) is as
<i>Mycobacterium kansasii</i> infection limited to the skin in a patient with AIDS
Authors: N. CURCÓ, X. PAGEROLS, L. GÓMEZ, P. VIVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We describe a case of cutaneous Mycobacterium kansasii infection in a 56-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, who received treatment with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Resolution of the cutaneous lesion was observed without specific treatment.
Clinical Characteristics of Prawn Allergy in an Asian Population
Authors: I.F.A. Gerez, G. Llanora, G.C. Yap, Y.K. Cheng, B.Y. Thong, C.Y. Tang, H.P.S. Van Bever, L.P.C. Shek, M.A. Curotto de Lafaille, B.W. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Prolonged Antibiotic Treatment in Long-term Care
Authors: Nick Daneman, Andrea Gruneir, Susan E. Bronskill, Alice Newman, Hadas D. Fischer, Paula A. Rochon, Geoff M. Anderson, Chaim M. Bell
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Importance: Given that most common bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotic courses of 7 or fewer days, reducing standard antibiotic treatment durations may be an avenue to curtailing antibiotic overuse in longterm care.Objectives: To describe the variability in the duration of antibiotic treatment courses in long-term care across resident recipients and prescribing physicians and to determine whether this variability is influenced by prescriber preference.Design and Setting: Province-wide retrospective analysis of residents of Ontario, Canada, long-term care facilities in 2010.Participants: All adults aged 66 years or older who received an incident treatment course with a systemic antibiotic while residing in an Ontario long-term care facility.Main Outcome Measure: Antibiotic treatment duration was examined across residents and prescribing physicians.The proportion of a physician's treatment courses that exceeded 7 days was used to classify short-, average-, and long-duration prescribers.Results: Of 66 901 long-term care residents from 630 long-term care facilities, 50 061 (77.8%) received an incident antibiotic treatment course (with 51 540 antibi-