tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health and the Community: Readings in the Philosophy and Sciences of Public Health
Authors: A. Kay Keiser
Journal: JAMA (1965)

If the editors do not earn an "A" with this book, it is largely because their efforts have been almost exclusively restricted to cobbling together a number of articles and speeches. The editors got hold of a wealth of material and rather skillfully categorized it under eight sections. But producing an anthology is not only a process of selecting, it is perhaps even more a process of setting limitations. Apparently the editors set few limitations, so that a sketch rather than a philosophy emerges. The introductory pages provide a historical perspective for understanding current philosophy and practice in public health. A second section portrays health problems of selected population groups such as the family, the chronically ill, the industrial and migrant worker. A third section indexes both official and unofficial views of the structure and organization of health services. The professional disciplines and skills integral to public health research and
Workgroup Report: Review of Genomics Data Based on Experience with Mock Submissions—View of the CDER Pharmacology Toxicology Nonclinical Pharmacogenomics Subcommittee
Authors: John K. Leighton, Paul Brown, Amy Ellis, Patricia Harlow, Wafa Harrouk, P. Scott Pine, Timothy Robison, Lilliam Rosario, Karol Thompson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Over the past few years, both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry have recognized the potential importance of pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics to drug development. To resolve the uncertainties surrounding the use of microarray technology and the presentation of genomics data for regulatory purposes, several pharmaceutical companies and genomics technology providers have provided the FDA with reports of genomics studies that included supporting toxicology data (e.g., serum chemistry, histopathology). These studies were not associated with any active drug application and were exploratory or hypothesis generating in nature. For training purposes, these reports were reviewed by the Nonclinical Pharmacogenomics Subcommittee consisting of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research pharmacology and toxicology researchers and reviewers. In this article, we describe some of these submissions and report on our assessment of data content, format, and quality control metrics that were useful for evaluating these nonclinical genomics submissions, specifically in relation to the proposed MIAME/MINTox (minimum information about a microarray experiment/minimum information needed for a toxicology experiment) recommendations. These genomics submissions allowed both researchers and regulators to gain experience in the process of reviewing and analyzing toxicogenomics data. The experience will allow development of recommendations for the submission and review of these data as the state of the science evolves.
Priority in Perineum Repair Technic.
Authors: Henry O. Marcy
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Boston, Mass., Aug. 11, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Do me the favor of making reference inThe Journalto an article by me in the Transactions of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, September, 1888, on "The Perineum, Its Anatomy, Physiology and Methods of Restoration After Injury"; also "The Reconstruction of the Pelvic Structures in Woman," American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1892; also "The Reconstruction of the Pelvic Structures Incident to Lesions of the Perineum,"The Journalof the American Medical Association, Oct. 21, 1899. Here will be found all the essentials of Dr. Noble's interesting article on "A New Operation for Complete Laceration of the Perineum";The Journalof the American Medical Association, Aug. 9, 1902. Sincerely,
Dentin matrix protein 1 and phosphate homeostasis are critical for postnatal pulp, dentin and enamel formation
Authors: Afsaneh Rangiani, Zheng-Guo Cao, Ying Liu, Anika Voisey Rodgers, Yong Jiang, Chun-Lin Qin, Jian-Quan Feng
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Deletion or mutation of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) leads to hypophosphatemic rickets and defects within the dentin. However, it is largely unknown if this pathological change is a direct role of DMP1 or an indirect role of phosphate (Pi) or both. It has also been previously shown that Klotho-deficient mice, which displayed a high Pi level due to a failure of Pi excretion, causes mild defects in the dentinal structure. This study was to address the distinct roles of DMP1 and Pi homeostasis in cell differentiation, apoptosis and mineralization of dentin and enamel. Our working hypothesis was that a stable Pi homeostasis is critical for postnatal tooth formation, and that DMP1 has an antiapoptotic role in both amelogenesis and dentinogenesis. To test this hypothesis, Dmp1-null (Dmp1−/−), Klotho-deficient (kl/kl), Dmp1/Klotho-double-deficient (Dmp1−/−/kl/kl) and wild-type (WT) mice were killed at the age of 6 weeks. Combinations of X-ray, microcomputed tomography (μCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, apoptosis and immunohistochemical methods were used for characterization of dentin, enamel and pulp structures in these mutant mice. Our results showed that Dmp1−/− (a low Pi level) or kl/kl (a high Pi level) mice displayed mild dentin defects such as thin dentin and a reduction of dentin tubules. Neither deficient mouse line exhibited any apparent changes in enamel or pulp structure. However, the double-deficient mice (a high Pi level) displayed severe defects in dentin and enamel structures, including loss of dentinal tubules and enamel prisms, as well as unexpected ectopic ossification within the pulp root canal. TUNEL assay showed a sharp increase in apoptotic cells in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Based on the above findings, we conclude that DMP1 has a protective role for odontoblasts and ameloblasts in a pro-apoptotic environment (a high Pi level). Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) protects cells involved in tooth formation against regulated cell death caused by high blood phosphate (Pi). Elevated Pi levels, caused by disorders such as chronic kidney disease, cause abnormal tooth formation. Afsaneh Rangiani and her colleagues from the Baylor College of Dentistry, USA, used mutant mice to dissect the roles of DMP1 and Pi in controlling the formation of dental pulp, enamel and dentin—major components of teeth. DMP1-deficient mice with elevated Pi levels had severe defects in pulp formation and the deposition of enamel and dentin. These defects were correlated with the premature death of ameloblastas and odontoblasts, the cells that produce enamel and dentin, respectively. No defects in tooth formation were found in DMP1-deficient mice with normal Pi levels.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN A SMALL TOWN
Authors: DOROTHEA C. LEIGHTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

We wish to reiterate that this is a preliminary report on a pilot study for a larger area. Our purpose in presenting it is two-fold: 1. To provide a glimpse at what an approach to a true prevalence study reveals of the number of people with psychiatric symptoms, as well as the quality and proportions of the symptoms. This has important implications for the planning of mental health service and education. 2. To provide the background for exploring dynamics. We hope to further this by completing correlational studies with socio-cultural factors, not only for the town but for the whole county. Other facets include studies of relevant dynamic processes both from intensive work on clinical cases and [SEE SOURCE PDF FOR TABLE 7] from investigating asymptomatic individuals. On the basis of our experience it appears that various kinds and degrees of psychopathology are much more widespread than previous studies have indicated, and that this conclusion arises from the sampling of the general population instead of limiting the group studied in the various ways that have been used. Much remains to be determined as to standards that will be employed to categorize individuals as "sick" or "well." Until this is accomplished, any figures showing prevalence rates or percentages are extremely tentative.
Predictive Value of the Differential Expression of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activation Axis in Radical Prostatectomy Patients
Authors: Amit Gupta, Yair Lotan, Raheela Ashfaq, Claus G. Roehrborn, Ganesh V. Raj, Corinne C. Aragaki, Francesco Montorsi, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Inflammatory Lung Injury after Bronchial Instillation of Air Pollution Particles
Authors: ANDREW J. GHIO, ROBERT B. DEVLIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Epidemiologic investigation has established an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and human health in the Utah Valley. Reduction of particle mass during the temporary closure of a local steel mill was associated with diminished morbidity and mortality. We tested the hypothesis that the biologic effect of PM would reflect findings of epidemiology with a greater injury after exposure to an equal mass of particles from those years in which the mill was in operation. Filters containing PM were collected prior to closure of the steel mill, during the closure, and after its reopening. Aqueous extracts of the filters were prepared. One of three extracts (500 microg) was instilled through the bronchoscope into the lungs of nonsmoking volunteers. Twenty-four hours later, the same subsegment was lavaged. Exposure to aqueous extracts of PM collected before closure and after reopening of the steel mill provoked a greater inflammatory response relative to PM extract acquired during the plant shutdown. This is the first demonstration that pulmonary effects after experimental exposure of humans to PM can correlate with health outcomes observed in epidemiologic studies of the same material under normal exposure conditions. Findings suggest that mass may not be the most appropriate metric to use in assessing health effects after PM exposure but rather specific components must be identified and assessed.
Safety and Efficacy of AAV-Mediated Calpain 3 Gene Transfer in a Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A
Authors: Marc Bartoli, Carinne Roudaut, Samia Martin, Françoise Fougerousse, Laurence Suel, Jérôme Poupiot, Evelyne Gicquel, Fanny Noulet, Olivier Danos, Isabelle Richard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Calpainopathy (limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A, LGMD2A) is a recessive muscular disorder caused by deficiency in the calcium-dependent cysteine protease calpain 3. To date, no treatment exists for this disease. We evaluated the potential of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors for gene therapy in a murine model for LGMD2A. To drive the expression of calpain 3, we used rAAV2/1 pseudotyped vectors and muscle-specific promoters to avoid calpain 3 cell toxicity. We report efficient and stable transgene expression in muscle with restoration of the proteolytic activity and without evident toxicity. In addition, calpain 3 was correctly targeted to the sarcomere. Moreover, its presence resulted in improvement of the histological features and in therapeutic efficacy at the physiological levels, including correction of atrophy and full rescue of the contractile force deficits. Our results establish the feasibility of AAV-mediated calpain 3 gene transfer as a therapeutic approach.
Mercury in Dental Amalgam—A Neurotoxic Risk?
Authors: Herbert L. Needleman
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Posterior Tuberculous Sinuses of Vertebral Origin
Authors: John J. Cincotti, Arnold M. Salzberg, Edward W. Boone, John B. Kelley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

BEFORE the advent of streptomycin, half the patients having sinuses associated with Pott's disease died. Many procedures were devised and advocated for the control of tuberculous abscesses and sinuses but were uniformly characterized by poor therapeutic response. Aspiration of abscesses and excision of sinuses were followed by recurrence in about 60 per cent of the cases.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 When such foci of soft-tissue infection presented near the site of tuberculous spondylitis, it was rarely possible to perform spinal fusion without considerable risk to the patient. Usually, in the face of this common complication, all thought of spinal fusion was abandoned. The only . . .
Lymphoid Aggregates in Endobronchial Biopsies from Young Elite Cross-country Skiers
Authors: MALCOLM SUE-CHU, EEVA-MAIJA KARJALAINEN, ALAN ALTRAJA, ANNIKA LAITINEN, LAURI A. LAITINEN, ANNE BRITT N→ SS, LARS LARSSON, LEIF BJERMER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Observation of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in whole lung specimens from healthy nonsmoking adults has questioned the hypothesis that BALT is not constitutively present in healthy adult human lungs. In our study, we investigated endobronchial biopsies of the second- and third-generation carinae from 44 cross-country ski athletes and 12 healthy control subjects, all nonsmoking young adults. The skiers had a prevalence of respiratory allergy (18%), asthma-like symptoms (59%), beta2 agonist medication (25%), and methacholine bronchial hyperresponsiveness (79%). Biopsy sections were stained by immunohistochemical and hematoxylin-eosin-saffran methods. Lymphoid aggregates of more than 50 cells were identified in 28 (64%) skiers and three (25%) control subjects (p = 0.02). They were small in comparison to those found in rabbits and rats, contained T and B lymphocytes and macrophages, and were seen more frequently in skiers using beta2 agonists (p = 0.04) and with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (p = 0.053). The frequency of these aggregates was not significantly different at the two carinal levels (p = 0.6). The aggregates were not associated with a history of respiratory allergy or asthma-like symptoms. These aggregates share some resemblance with what is usually defined as BALT. However, their exact nature and function await further clarification.
Losing the Opportunity to Study Influenza Drugs
Authors: Andrea Meyerhoff
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diabetic Keto Acidosis
Authors: Kurt H. Stenzel, Joseph C. Dougherty, Lawrence Scherr, Glenn D. Lubash
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ALTHOUGH a patient in diabetic keto acidosis may have a low, normal, or high plasma potassium, there is often a total body deficit of this ion which usually requires replacement.<sup>1-3</sup>Since the electrocardiogram (ECG) reflects changes in extracellular potassium,<sup>4</sup>serial recordings have been suggested as a means of determining the need for potassium therapy.<sup>2,5</sup>However, since the electrocardiographic pattern is also influenced by alterations in other ions, in acid-base equilibrium, and in intracellular-extracellular potassium ratios, it correlates poorly with absolute plasma potassium values.<sup>6-9</sup> The following case of diabetic keto acidosis illustrates how therapy guided by electrocardiographic changes alone could have been dangerous since plasma hypokalemia was associated with electrocardiographic changes suggestive of potassium toxicity. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old Negro man was admitted to the hospital in diabetic keto acidosis. He had a history of arrested tuberculosis and had had a cerebral infarction, but he
Haemoglobin A1c concentrations in men and women with diabetes.
Authors: M H Stickland, R C Paton, J K Wales
Journal: BMJ (1984)

naire was used.We checked the validity of this shortened scale by applying it together with the Jenkins activity survey type A scale in another sample of 99 men in the same area.The Spearman correlation coefficient between the two scores within the same men was r=0-43, which is closely similar to correlations' using the full Framingham and Jenkins activity survey scales.Secondly, angina was diagnosed only by questionnaire.While any questionnaire may produce some false positive diagnoses, the one used in this study does predict mortality from ischaemic heart disease.3Thirdly, unemployed men were excluded.Certainly employed and unemployed groups cannot be assumed to be comparable, but how this problem has been treated previously is not clear.As most type A instruments refer frequently to work, and the behaviour pattern is believed to occur mostly at work, the validity of type A measurements in the unemployed must be questioned.A further limitation, which arises in all cross sectional studies of ischaemic heart disease, is that subjects with evidence of disease represent survivors.This raises the problem of interpreting the observed relation of type A solely with angina.Although the number of infarcts recorded was small (n = 10), the number of subjects with electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemia was considerable (n = 65), and neither showed a relation with type A behaviour.Although studies in the United States' have disclosed an association with electrocardio- graphic evidence of ischaemia as well as infarction and angina, our findings are consistent with those of other European studies.45It may be that the experience of angina increases awareness of ischaemic heart disease and inflates the type A score.Clearly this issue can be settled only by prospective data.
Ezetimibe Effectively Reduces Plasma Plant Sterols in Patients With Sitosterolemia
Authors: G. Salen, K. von Bergmann, D. Lütjohann, P. Kwiterovich, J. Kane, S.B. Patel, T. Musliner, P. Stein, B. Musser
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Sitosterolemia is a recessively inherited disorder that results from mutations in either ABCG5 or G8 proteins, with hyperabsorption of dietary sterols and decreased hepatic excretion of plant sterols and cholesterol. As a consequence of markedly elevated plasma and tissue sitosterol and campesterol levels, premature atherosclerosis develops. Methods and Results— In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we examined whether treatment with ezetimibe, an inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, reduces plant sterol levels in patients with sitosterolemia. After a 3-week placebo run-in, 37 patients were randomized to receive placebo (n=7) or ezetimibe 10 mg/d (n=30) for 8 weeks. Sitosterol concentrations decreased by 21% ( P &lt;0.001) in patients treated with ezetimibe compared with a nonsignificant 4% rise in those on placebo (between-group P &lt;0.001). The reduction in sitosterol from baseline was progressive, with further decline observed at each subsequent biweekly visit. Campesterol also progressively declined, with a mean decrease after 8 weeks of 24% with ezetimibe and a mean increase of 3% with placebo treatment (between-group P &lt;0.001). Reductions in plant sterol concentrations were similar irrespective of whether patients were undergoing concomitant treatment with resin or statin. Reductions in total sterols and apolipoprotein B were also observed. Ezetimibe was well tolerated, with no serious treatment-related adverse events or discontinuations due to adverse events being reported. Conclusions— Ezetimibe produced significant and progressive reductions in plasma plant sterol concentrations in patients with sitosterolemia, consistent with the hypothesis that ezetimibe inhibits the intestinal absorption of plant sterols as well as cholesterol, leading to reductions in plasma concentrations.
Alcohol Screening Questionnaires in Women
Authors: Katharine A. Bradley, Jodie Boyd-Wickizer, Suzanne H. Powell, Marcia L. Burman
Journal: JAMA (1998)

To describe the performance of alcohol screening questionnaires in female patients.We searched MEDLINE from 1966 to July 1997 for alcoholism or alcohol-drinking and for CAGE, AUDIT, BMAST, TWEAK, T-ACE, MAST, SMAST, or SAAST; Citations Indexes for newer screening questionnaires and those without acronyms; and MEDLINE from 1996 to July 1997 for alcoholism or alcohol-drinking and screening.Reviewed studies presented data for women comparing brief alcohol screening questionnaires with valid criterion standards for heavy drinking (> or =2 drinks per day) or alcohol abuse or dependence in US general clinical populations. Sensitivities, specificities, and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were extracted.Thirteen articles (9 studies) were reviewed. The CAGE questionnaire had AUROCs of 0.84 to 0.92 for alcohol abuse and dependence in predominantly black populations of women, but using the traditional cut point of 2 or more resulted in low sensitivities (38%-50%) in predominantly white female populations. The TWEAK and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaires had high AUROCs (0.87-0.93) for past-year alcohol abuse or dependence in black or white women, but had sensitivities less than 80% at traditional cut points. For detecting heavy drinking, the AUDIT questionnaire had AUROCs of at least 0.87 in female primary care patients. The TWEAK and T-ACE questionnaires had higher AUROCs (0.84-0.87) than the CAGE questionnaire (0.76-0.78) for detecting heavy drinking before pregnancy was recognized in black obstetric patients.The CAGE questionnaire was relatively insensitive in predominantly white female populations. The TWEAK and AUDIT questionnaires have performed adequately in black or white women, using lower cut points than usual.