tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Approval Summary
Authors: Ramzi Dagher, Ning Li, Sophia Abraham, Atiqur Rahman, Raji Sridhara, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Docetaxel, a taxane previously approved for the treatment of breast cancer and non–small cell lung cancer, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration on May 19, 2004 for use in combination with prednisone for the treatment of metastatic androgen-independent (hormone-refractory) prostate cancer. The purpose of this summary is to review the database supporting this approval. Experimental Design: In a randomized, global study enrolling 1,006 patients, two schedules of docetaxel were compared with mitoxantrone + prednisone as follows: MTZ q 3w, mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 every 21 days + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 10 cycles; TXT q 3w, docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 21 days + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 10 cycles; and TXT qw, docetaxel 30 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 every 6 weeks + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 5 cycles. Results: There was a statistically significant overall survival advantage shown for the TXT q 3w arm over MTZ q 3w (median survival 18.9 months versus 16.5 months, P = 0.0094). No overall survival advantage was shown for TXT qw compared with MTZ q 3w. The most commonly occurring adverse events included anemia, neutropenia, infection, nausea, sensory neuropathy, fluid retention, alopecia, nail changes, diarrhea, and fatigue. Conclusions: This report describes the Food and Drug Administration review supporting this first approval of a combination therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer based on demonstration of a survival benefit.
Impaired Regulation of Renal Oxygen Consumption in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Stephen Adler, Harer Huang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Abnormalities of nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen radical synthesis and of oxygen consumption have been described in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. NO plays a role in the regulation of renal oxygen consumption in normal kidney, so the response of renal cortical oxygen consumption to stimulators of NO production before and after the addition of the superoxide scavenging agent tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl) was studied. Baseline cortical oxygen consumption was similar in SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (SHR: 600 ± 55 nmol O2/min per g, WKY: 611 ± 51 nmol O2/min per g, P > 0.05). Addition of bradykinin, enalaprilat, and amlodipine decreased oxygen consumption significantly less in SHR than WKY (SHR: bradykinin −13.9 ± 1.9%, enalaprilat −15.3 ± 1.6%, amlodipine −11.9 ± 0.7%; WKY: bradykinin −22.8 ± 1.0%, enalaprilat −24.1 ± 2.0%, amlodipine −20.7 ± 2.3%; P < 0.05), consistent with less NO effect in SHR. Addition of tempol reversed the defects in responsiveness to enalaprilat and amlodipine, suggesting that inactivation of NO by superoxide contributes to decreased NO availability. The response to an NO donor was similar in both groups and was unaffected by the addition of tempol. These results demonstrate that NO availability in the kidney is decreased in SHR, resulting in increased oxygen consumption. This effect is due to enhanced production of superoxide in SHR. By lowering intrarenal oxygen levels, reduced NO may contribute to susceptibility to injury and renal fibrosis. Increasing NO production, decreasing oxidant stress, or both might prevent these changes by improving renal oxygenation.
A variant of prealbumin from amyloid fibrils in familial polyneuropathy of Jewish origin.
Authors: M Pras, E C Franklin, F Prelli, B Frangione
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Amyloid fibrils were isolated from spleen and thyroid obtained at autopsy from one patient (S.K.O.) of Jewish origin with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Gel filtration on Sephadex G100 after solubilization in 5 M guanidine HCl yielded three major components with 14,000, 9,000, and 5,000 mol wt, respectively. The two larger components shared antigenic determinants with human prealbumin. Amino acid analysis and amino terminal sequence studies revealed the 14,000-mol wt protein to be an intact prealbumin subunit. The 9,000-mol wt fragment obtained in highest yield encompassed the region from position 49-127 and the 5,000 mol wt fraction encompassed the amino terminal of prealbumin (position 1-48). An amino acid substitution (Gly/Thr) was detected at position 49, where enzymatic cleavage occurred. Thus, several prealbumin-derived fragments, predominantly the carboxyl end, constitute the amyloid fibrils in a heredofamilial amyloidosis syndrome of dominant inheritance.
Regenerating new heart with stem cells
Authors: Piero Anversa, Jan Kajstura, Marcello Rota, Annarosa Leri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

This article discusses current understanding of myocardial biology, emphasizing the regeneration potential of the adult human heart and the mechanisms involved. In the last decade, a novel conceptual view has emerged. The heart is no longer considered a postmitotic organ, but is viewed as a self-renewing organ characterized by a resident stem cell compartment responsible for tissue homeostasis and cardiac repair following injury. Additionally, HSCs possess the ability to transdifferentiate and acquire the cardiomyocyte, vascular endothelial, and smooth muscle cell lineages. Both cardiac and hematopoietic stem cells may be used therapeutically in an attempt to reverse the devastating consequences of chronic heart failure of ischemic and nonischemic origin.
Serratia marcescens Endocarditis
Authors: Faroque A. Khan, Arfa R. Khan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 September 1973Serratia marcescens EndocarditisFAROQUE A. KHAN, M.B., F.R.C.P.(C), ARFA R. KHAN, M.B.FAROQUE A. KHAN, M.B., F.R.C.P.(C)Search for more papers by this author, ARFA R. KHAN, M.B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-3-454_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Farhoudi, Banks, and Ali reported (Ann Intern Med78:776-777, 1973) a case ofSerratia marcescensendocarditis that was successfully treated with gentamicin and carbenicillin. This prompts us to report a similar case in which the tricuspid as well as mitral valves were both involved by endocarditis caused bySerratia marcescensand in which multiple septic pulmonary infarctions occurred. In this case cure was achieved by therapy with gentamicin initially, and later—after its withdrawal because of nephrotoxicity—with chloramphenicol. The patient was a 27-year-old heroin addict who presented with a 1-week history of fever, cough, and night sweats. There...References1. DREYERFIELDS NB: Heroin-associated infective endocarditis. A report of 28 cases. Ann Intern Med 78:699-702, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MENDAGORBACH KS: Favorable experience with bacterial endocarditis in heroin addicts. Ann Intern Med 78:25-32, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar3. SURISELBYHAWKS RDG: Serratia marcescens endocarditis. A report of a case involving Cross-Jones mitral valve prosthesis, with a review of the literature. Can Med Assoc J 104:1013-1014, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. ALEXANDERHOLLOWAYHONSINGER RGR: Surgical debridement for resistant bacterial endocarditis: a case of antibiotic-refractory Serratia marcescens infection on the tricuspid valve cured by operative excision. JAMA 210:1757-1759, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FAROQUE A. KHAN, M.B., F.R.C.P.(C); ARFA R. KHAN, M.B.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySerratia Marcescens, a Rare and Devastating Cause of Endocarditis: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureA Case of Mixed Serratia marcescens and Streptococcus mitis Endocarditis and Review of the LiteratureInfective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria: A review of the literature, 1945–1977Rapid deoxyribonuclease test with methyl greenSerratia marcescens EndocarditisMICHAEL SANDS, M.D., C. V. SANDERS, M.D.Serratia marcescens Endocarditis: A Regional Illness Associated with Intravenous Drug AbuseJOHN MILLS, M.D., DENIS DREW, M.D.First reported successful management of Serratia Marcescens bacteremia after open heart surgery in a child 1 September 1973Volume 79, Issue 3Page: 454-454KeywordsAddictsChloramphenicolEndocarditisFeversHeroinInfarctionSerratia marcescensSweat ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Impaired Coronary Vasodilation by Magnetic Resonance Angiography Is Associated With Advanced Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Masahiro Terashima, Patricia K. Nguyen, Geoffrey D. Rubin, Carlos Iribarren, Brian K. Courtney, Alan S. Go, Stephen P. Fortmann, Michael V. McConnell
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
Obesity and climate change could be tackled together
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The UK government’s target to halt the rise in childhood obesity by 2010 is unlikely to be met, public health specialists have been told.

Delegates to the Faculty of Public Health’s annual conference, who heard that the problem is getting worse, were also told that obesity was the public health equivalent of climate change.

“The problem of obesity continues to get worse for adults and children. A target was set in 2004 to halt the rise in childhood obesity. Despite its modest ambition it seems unlikely to be achieved,” said Derek Wanless, author of the 2004 report Securing Good Health for the Whole Population. 

He said that although targets for …
Differences in mortality after fracture of hip: the East Anglian audit
Authors: C J Todd, C J Freeman, C Camilleri-Ferrante, C R Palmer, A Hyder, C E Laxton, M J Parker, B V Payne, N Rushton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate differences between hospitals in clinical management of patients admitted with fractured hip and to relate these to mortality at 90 days. <b>Design</b>: A prospective audit of process and outcome of care based on interviews with patients, abstraction from records with standard proforma, and follow up at three months. Data were analysed with {chi}<sup>2</sup> test and forward stepwise regression modelling of mortality. <b>Setting</b>: All eight hospitals in East Anglia with trauma orthopaedic departments. <b>Patients</b>: 580 consecutive patients admitted for fracture of neck of femur. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Mortality at 90 days. <b>Results</b>: Patients admitted to each hospital were similar with respect to age, sex, pre-existing illnesses, and activities of daily living before fracture. In all, 560 (97%) were treated surgically, by a range of grades of surgeon. Two hundred and sixty one patients (45%; range between hospitals 10-91%) received pharmaceutical thromboembolic prophylaxis, 502 (93%; 81-99%) perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The incidence of fatal pulmonary emboli differed between patients who received and those who did not receive prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis (P=0.001). Mortality at 90 days was 18%, differing significantly between hospitals (5-24%). One hospital had significantly better survival than the others (odds ratio 0.14; 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.48; P-0.0016). <b>Conclusions</b>: No single factor or aspect of practice accounted for this protective effect. Lower mortality may be associated with the cumulative effects of several aspects of the organisation of treatment and the management of fracture of the hip, including thromboembolic pharmaceutical prophylaxis, antibiotic prophylaxis, and early mobilisation. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Being older, having a poorer level of activities of daily living, being male, and having a history of cardiovascular disease were important determinants of death One of the hospitals had a much higher survival rate. This seemed to be due to an aggregate effect of the total package of care Routine thromboembolic prophylaxis is indicated for patients with fractured hip Written policies that include prophylaxis should be developed and implemented for this vulnerable group of patients if mortality is to be improved
Diagnosis of subacute panencephalitis. The value and availability of measles antibody determinations
Authors: J. L. Sever
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The presence of measles antibody in the spinal fluid and elevated serum measles titers strongly suggests that the patient has subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Conversely, the absence of measles antibody in the spinal fluid of a patient makes the diagnosis very unlikely, if the results of repeated tests are negative. The single most valuable determination is the complement fixation test for measles antibody in the cerebral spinal fluid. State and territorial laboratories that now perform the antibody determinations are identified in this report.  ( JAMA 228:604-606, 1974)
New Tests for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Dick Menzies, Madhukar Pai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters6 November 2007New Tests for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis InfectionDick Menzies, MD, MSc and Madhukar Pai, MD, PhDDick Menzies, MD, MScFrom Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H2X 2P4, Canada.Search for more papers by this author and Madhukar Pai, MD, PhDFrom Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H2X 2P4, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-9-200711060-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Drs. Kunst and Khan that the lack of a proper gold standard is a fundamental problem of all cross-sectional studies of diagnostic tests for latent tuberculosis infection. We state this problem explicitly several times in our paper. We believe that longitudinal studies following cohorts of persons with positive or negative test results will be most valuable, because the later development of active tuberculosis is the only certain indicator of the presence of latent tuberculosis infection. Because treatment reduces incidence of disease, ideally, such cohorts of individuals would be untreated, which poses serious ethical issues. However, ...References1. Pai M, Menzies D. The new IGRA and the old TST: making good use of disagreement [Editorial]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:529-31. [PMID: 17341646] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Andersen P, Doherty TM, Pai M, Weldingh K. The prognosis of latent tuberculosis: can disease be predicted? Trends Mol Med. 2007;13:175-82. [PMID: 17418641] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Pai M, Dheda K, Cunningham J, Scano F, O'Brien R. T-cell assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: moving the research agenda forward. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:428-38. [PMID: 17521596] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Dick Menzies, MD, MSc; Madhukar Pai, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H2X 2P4, Canada.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMeta-analysis: New Tests for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Areas of Uncertainty and Recommendations for Research Dick Menzies , Madhukar Pai , and George Comstock New Tests for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Heinke Kunst and Khalid S. Khan Metrics Cited byIntestinal tuberculosis: clinico-pathological profile and the importance of a high degree of suspicion 6 November 2007Volume 147, Issue 9Page: 673-674KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth information technologyLongitudinal studiesPopulation statisticsPrevention, policy, and public healthProspective studiesSpecificitySystematic reviewsTuberculosis ePublished: 6 November 2007 Issue Published: 6 November 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Paracetamol-induced acute renal failure in the absence of fulminant liver damage.
Authors: L F Prescott, A T Proudfoot, R J Cregeen
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Finally, we, like all those who work with PGI2, are well aware of the weaknesses of plasma 6-keto-PGF50 measurement as an index of PGI, generation.At the moment, however, no other method has been shown to be clearly superior to 6-keto-PGF1,, measurement in the study of PGI2 production in vivo.Many recent papers of Dr Webster and his colleagues on PGI2, as measured by plasma 6-keto- PGF, a levels, tempt us to believe that he thinks in the same way.
RIII S/J (H-2r). An inbred mouse strain with a massive deletion of T cell receptor V beta genes.
Authors: T M Haqqi, S Banerjee, G D Anderson, C S David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We have identified an inbred strain of mouse, RIII S/J (H-2r), that has the largest known deletion of the TCR V beta genes by screening with mAb and TCR V beta specific probes. Upon screening of PBL with mAb F23.1, which is specific for V beta 8 TCR, RIII S/J was found to be negative. On further screening with mAb KJ 23a, which is specific for V beta 17a TCR, RIII S/J was completely negative. We next tested RIII S/J with mAb 44-22-1, which is specific for V beta 6 TCR, and found it also to be negative. The (B10 X RIII)F1 mice showed a 50% expression of V beta 6 gene, indicating a genomic rather than a clonal deletion. mAb KJ25, detecting V beta 3, was positive in RIII S/J, denoting the downstream boundary for the deletion. Southern blot analysis of liver DNA using TCR V beta-specific probes confirmed the deletion of V beta 8 gene subfamily and V beta 5 gene subfamily, along with V beta 9, V beta 11, V beta 12, and V beta 13 genes similar to the known TCR V beta deletion mutants (SWR, SJL, C57L, and C57Br). In addition, RIII S/J is missing V beta 6, V beta 15, and V beta 17 genes. Our mapping of the deletion indicates that RIII S/J has lost approximately 130 kb of V beta chromosome and with it 13 V beta genes out of the known 21 V beta genes of the TCR. The deletion is marked by the presence of V beta 10 gene upstream and V beta 3 gene downstream.
SYPHILIS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AS THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER SEES IT.
Authors: C. TRAVIS DRENNEN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Syphilis of the nervous system is undoubtedly a disease of common occurrence, but, as the general practitioner sees it, in the majority of instances it might be considered a rare as well as most formidable one—rare, for the reason that he does not recognize it; and formidable, because in its very nature it is such, and made more so through failure of proper recognition, permitting the stage of exudation to enter far into that of degeneration, long before the true character of the malady is brought to light. If we might be permitted to judge from our own observation, we would be led to say that in the vast majority of cases of syphilis of the nervous system coming under the observation of the general practitioner, it is not recognized until too late for the neurologist or syphilographer to do more than make a correct diagnosis or write a death
FACIAL PALSY FOLLOWING SCARLET FEVER: A REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: P. N. Mutschmann
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Facial palsy, following scarlet fever with complicating suppurative otitis media and cerebral abscess, is not a rare occurrence. In the available literature, however, I have been able to find reported only one case<sup>1</sup>of peripheral involvement of the facial nerve due to a parotid abscess, unaccompanied by an otitis media. During the winter of 1925, two cases of unilateral peripheral facial palsy came under my care. They are of interest in that both followed attacks of scarlet fever, with apparently only a moderate degree of glandular involvement, and both, after several months of apparently complete clinical recovery, have developed an intermittent paralysis of the seventh nerve on the right side. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —J. H., a boy, aged 8 years, appeared for examination because of inability to close the right eye completely, and some difficulty in mastication. In March, 1919, he had had an attack of scarlet fever of moderate
Case 12-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-six-year-old housewife was admitted to the hospital because of coma. She was known to have had diabetes since the age of fifty-two years, when polydipsia, polyuria and pruritus vulvae occurred. At that time she weighed 225 pounds. The urine gave a ++++ test for sugar. The blood sugar was 338 mg., and the nonprotein nitrogen 24 mg. per 100 ml. The diabetes was controlled with a dietary regimen and 25 to 30 units of insulin daily. There was an episode of acidosis associated with an upper respiratory infection a year before entry. During the . . .