tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TTF-1 Expressing Sellar Neoplasm with Ependymal Rosettes and Oncocytic Change: Mixed Ependymal and Oncocytic Variant Pituicytoma
Authors: Zaid Saeed Kamil, Grant Sinson, Hasan Gucer, Sylvia L. Asa, Ozgur Mete
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2013)
Reproducibility of a Multi-Stage Near Maximal Treadmill Test for Exercise Tolerance in Angina Pectoris
Authors: PAUL E. SMOKLER, REX N. MACALPIN, ANTHONY ALVARO, ALBERT A. KATTUS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A retrospective analysis was made of the reproducibility of a treadmill exercise tolerance test performed on patients with angina pectoris to an end point of moderately severe (3+) angina. One hundred and forty tests (70 pairs) in 63 patients were found to meet criteria for inclusion in the study. In 30 patients a comparison of the first test the patient had ever had with a subsequent test revealed a significantly poorer performance on the first test; mean differences ± one standard error of the mean between the first test and the subsequent tests were 0.90 ± 0.20 min of walking from the start of the test to the onset of angina, 2.3 ± 0.33 total min of walking, and 5.8 ± 0.86 "exercise units" attained at the end point of "3+" angina. In 40 patients a comparison of two tests, neither of which was the patients' first test, revealed no significant differences in performance; mean differences between the two tests were 0.20 ± 0.23 min of walking at the onset of angina, 0.11 ± 0.07 min of walking and 0.18 ± 0.15 exercise units attained at the end point of "3+" angina. There were no significant differences in maximum heart rates attained between any of the tests. In using treadmill testing to quantitate exercise capacity in angina pectoris, the first test is likely to yield a poorer performance than subsequent ones. Tests subsequent to the first are highly reproducible when a specifically defined symptomatic end point of moderately severe intensity is employed.
Gefitinib for oesophageal cancer progressing after chemotherapy (COG): a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial
Authors: Susan J Dutton, David R Ferry, Jane M Blazeby, Haider Abbas, Asa Dahle-Smith, Wasat Mansoor, Joyce Thompson, Mark Harrison, Anirban Chatterjee, Stephen Falk, Angel Garcia-Alonso, David W Fyfe, Richard A Hubner, Tina Gamble, Lynnda Peachey, Mina Davoudianfar, Sarah R Pearson, Patrick Julier, Janusz Jankowski, Rachel Kerr, Russell D Petty
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
AdvHSV-tk gene therapy with intravenous ganciclovir improves survival in human malignant glioma: a randomised, controlled study
Authors: Arto Immonen, Matti Vapalahti, Kristiina Tyynelä, Heleena Hurskainen, Anu Sandmair, Ritva Vanninen, Gillian Langford, Neil Murray, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Malignant glioma is a devastating brain tumor with no effective treatment. This randomised, controlled study involved 36 patients with operable primary or recurrent malignant glioma. Seventeen patients were randomized to receive AdvHSV-tk gene therapy (3 x 10(10) pfu) by local injection into the wound bed after tumor resection, followed by intravenous ganciclovir (GCV), 5 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days. The control group of 19 patients received standard care consisting of radical excision followed by radiotherapy in those patients with primary tumors. The primary end-point was survival as defined by death or surgery for recurrence. Secondary end-points were all-cause mortality and tumour progression as determined by MRI. Overall safety and quality of life were also assessed. Findings were also compared with historical controls (n = 36) from the same unit over 2 years preceding the study. AdvHSV-tk treatment produced a clinically and statistically significant increase in mean survival from 39.0 +/- 19.7 (SD) to 70.6 +/- 52.9 weeks (P = 0.0095, log-rank regression vs. randomized controls). The median survival time increased from 37.7 to 62.4 weeks. Six patients had increased anti-adenovirus antibody titers, without adverse effects. The treatment was well tolerated. It is concluded that AdvHSV-tk gene therapy with GCV is a potential new treatment for operable primary or recurrent high-grade glioma.
Abstract A31: Differential processing of let-7a precursors influences gemcitabine chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer: Role of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2
Authors: Rajgopal Govindarajan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) involved in deoxyribonucleotide synthesis acts as a key determinant of chemoresistance to nucleoside drugs (e.g., gemcitabine) used in treating pancreatic cancer. While silencing RRM2 expression by synthetic means (e.g., siRNA) improves the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, targeting endogenous molecules to advance gemcitabine chemotherapeutic responses has never been explored. Based on existing evidence and computational predictions, we hypothesized that the let-7 tumor suppressor microRNAs will inhibit RRM2-mediated gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Reduced expression of the majority of let-7 miRNAs with an inverse relationship to RRM2 expression was identified in inherently gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Direct binding of let-7 miRNA to the 3′-UTR of RRM2 transcripts identified post-transcriptional repression of RRM2 as a novel phenomenon influencing gemcitabine chemosensitivity. Intriguingly, overexpression of human precursor-let-7 miRNAs led to differential RRM2 expression and gemcitabine chemosensitization in a poorly differentiated gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. Defective processing of the let-7a precursors to mature forms explained, in part, the discrepancies observed with let-7a expressional outcomes. Screening putative regulators of let-7a biogenesis in MIA PaCa-2 cells identified LIN-28 and SET oncoprotein to differentially modulate let-7 biogenesis and chemosensitivity in gemcitabine-sensitive versus-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, acquired gemcitabine chemoresistance was found to be independent of let-7 alterations. These data demonstrate an intricate post-transcriptional regulation of RRM2 expression by let-7 and that the manipulation of let-7 processing machinery may provide a mechanism for improving gemcitabine chemosensitivity in innately-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Citation Format: Rajgopal Govindarajan. Differential processing of let-7a precursors influences gemcitabine chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer: Role of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A31.
Abstract 3364: Calcium blockers decrease the bortezomib resistance in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) via manipulation of tissue transglutaminase activities.
Authors: Hyun-joo Jung, Zheng Chen, McCarty Nami
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although bortezomib is clinically approved for the treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), only limited effects have been demonstrated. To improve outcomes for bortezomib resistant patient groups, it is necessary to introduce the new therapeutic strategies. In this report, we utilized biochemical and molecular methodologies to demonstrate tissue transglutaminase (TG) activates downstream NF-kB signaling pathways. The signaling axis from TG to NF-kB could be a new therapeutic target to overcome bortezomib resistance in MCL. TG2 is a calcium-dependent protein crosslinking enzyme, and was reported to over-expressed in various cancer cells. MCL expressed elevated levels of TG2, and the modification of TG2 activities altered NF-κB expression and downstream signaling in MCL cells. When the TG2 signaling was inhibited via calcium blockers, the combination of a calcium blocker perillyl alcohol (POH) with bortezomib suppressed NF-κB expression and improved the cytotoxicity of bortezomib in MCL cells. Our study is the first to show the expression of TG2 and the contribution of TG2 to NF-κB signaling in MCL. TG2 inhibition can be an alternative target as anti-MCL therapy, and calcium blockers could be effective combinatory drugs with bortezomib to overcome the bortezomib resistance of MCL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3364. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3364
The Attacks on the American Medical Association.
Authors: T. J. Happel
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Trenton, Tenn., Aug. 8, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Nothing is more unpleasant to me than a controversy, for life is too short to quarrel over the little things. I have read Dr. Carstens' letter, and I regret that he has felt called on to notice the criticisms made by others in regard to the management of the affairs of the Association; yet to notice them in such a way that did one not know that he was a friend of the Association and ready at all times to uphold it, he would be considered as one of the elect who was sitting in judgment on these questions. These criticisms seem to be confined to certain localities where there are perhaps medical men who feel that they are better qualified to editThe Journaland to manage the affairs of the Association than is now being done. In various ways I
Centenary of Guy's Hospital Gazette — GMC Inquiry: Medicine Then and Now
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

"THERE can be little doubt that there has been a great want of some medium of communication between one class of Guy's men and another."This deficiency was the justification for the publication of the first edition of Guy's Gazette in 1872, and after 100 years the present editor believes that the Gazette is still pursuing the aims of his predecessors. In his preface to the Centenary edition he proudly claims that the Gazette is the oldest hospital journal of its kind in the world and certainly the most thriving in Britain, with a probable readership exceeding 10 thousand.In . . .
THE TREATMENT OF MORBID SEX CRAVING WITH THE AID OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE
Authors: H. S. RUBINSTEIN, H. D. SHAPIRO, WALTER FREEMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

Five women with exaggerated sex urge were treated with large doses (25 mg.) of testosterone propionate, administered by subcutaneous injection at varying intervals. All patients experienced rather prompt relief which, however, was temporary. In three patients repeated courses of injections were followed by repeated periods of success. One patient failed to respond after initial relief, although she did remain somewhat less perturbed. A psychopathic nymphomaniac was relieved but complained of being desexed. Experiments stressing the gonadal inhibiting effect of testosterone propionate are described and the effects of this hormone on the pituitary gland are cited. The mechanism of action is discussed and it is concluded that testosterone propionate, when given in excess depresses the anterior pituitary gonadotropic function sufficiently to lessen the sex urge of the individual.
Effectiveness of Estrogens for Therapy of Myocardial Infarction in Middle-Age Men
Authors: Jeremiah Stamler, Ruth Pick, Louis N. Katz, Alfred Pick, Benjamin M. Kaplan, David M. Berkson, Dolores Century
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This study, begun in 1952, assessed long-term estrogen therapy in middle-aged men surviving acute myocardial infarction. By double-blind stratified randomization, 275 such men under age 50 were assigned either to a placebo-treated or to an estrogen-treated group. In the estrogen-treated group, significantly prolonged survival and decreased mortality were found in both good-risk patients and poor-risk patients. Five-year mortality rates were reduced about 50% or more by hormone treatment. However, an unexpected number of deaths occurred in the first two months of study among those men started on 10.0 mg estrogens within three months of their most recent infarction. Mixed conjugated equine estrogens seemed to be effective in the long term therapy of myocardial infarction when high initial dosage was avoided, particularly in the months immediately after infarction.
Evaluation of potassium-43 scintillation images during early myocardial ischemia in an animal model.
Authors: B Haider, H A Oldewurtel, C B Moschos, T J Regan
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To assess the validity of myocardial imaging with potassium-43 (43K) early after the onset of ischemia, the left anterior descending artery was occluded with a baloon tip catheter in 32 intact anesthetized dogs. 99mTechnetium ventriculograms localized the left ventricle. 43K was administered intravenously and serial images were obtained in four views using an Anger camera with a pinhole collimator. The heart was arrested after 60 minutes and removed for imaging and tissue counts to ascertain extracardiac and geometric factors. In normals (group 1) left ventricular images were relatively homogeneous, except for the thin walled apex, both in vivo and in the isolated heart. Equilibration with 43K prior to ischemia (group 2) gave similar images to group 1, associated with a small reduction in tissue count after one hour of ischemia. Group 3 was infused with 43K after initiation of ischemia. Despite a reduction of 43K counts in the ischemic area to less than one-fourth of the nonischemic site (P less than 0.001), demonstration of a "cold area" in vivo was inconstant, occurring in only 34% of studies. Lead shielding did not improve accuracy. In the isolated heart the ability to detect the cold area was improved to 73%. However, when the left ventricle was incised and spread flat, so that low and high activity areas were contiguous rather than superimposed, a widespread area of ischemia was present without exception in the anterior wall. Use of a rectilinear scanner in seven animals failed to improve diagnostic yield; areas of reduced radioactivity were seen at the apex in normals by both techniques. Thus, while detection of low flow areas in the isolated heart is feasible by isotopic imaging early after the onset of ischemia, both extracardiac and geometric factors can contribute to qualitative and quantitative errors in vivo.
THE PURIFICATION OF THE ANTIBODIES IN TYPE I ANTI-PNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM, AND THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE TYPE-SPECIFIC PRECIPITIN REACTION
Authors: Bacon F. Chow, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. Methods for the concentration of Type I pneumococcus antibody have been outlined. 2. The physical and chemical properties of the purified antibody have been described. 3. The chemical basis of serological specificity has been discussed.
Purulent Pericarditis and Mediastinitis due to Peptococcus magnus
Authors: Roger Phelps
Journal: JAMA (1985)

PURULENT pericarditis and atraumatic mediastinitis are both uncommon illnesses. We report herein a case with both infections due to<i>Peptococcus magnus</i>, a pathogen reported only rarely<sup>1,2</sup>as the cause of either infection. The source of infection was probably an occult tooth abscess. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 30-year-old man was admitted elsewhere after two weeks of progressive fever, pleuritic chest pain, cough, and dyspnea. Examination disclosed fever and findings of pericardial tamponade. A chest roentgenogram showed cardiomegaly, and an echocardiogram showed normal valves and a large pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis was performed, with removal of 10 mL of purulent fluid. Examination of the fluid revealed 67,000 white blood cells (89% polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and gram-positive cocci. Blood cultures were not obtained. Therapy with nafcillin sodium and tobramycin was begun, and clindamycin was added when only anaerobic cultures yielded organisms. Biochemical identification of the pathogen as<i>P magnus</i>and persistent fever prompted
Management of the Asymptomatic Carrier of the Hepatitis-Associated (Australia) Antigen
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers, Harvey J. Alter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Routine testing of blood donors for hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) may be expected to reveal over 10,000 asymptomatic carriers in the United States in the next year. These people will present a challenge to their physicians to separate those with potentially treatable liver disease from those requiring only reassurance and follow-up observation. From the public-health standpoint there is suggestive evidence that HAA can be spread from carriers by nonparenteral routes, and definite evidence that very small doses can cause disease after parenteral transmission. Health-care workers, because of increased exposure to the virus and a potentiality for spread to their patients by parenteral as well as oral means, present a special problem. They should undergo routine screening for HAA, both to reduce the opportunities for spread of the virus and to obtain much needed epidemiologic information. Identified carriers should be especially careful, but there is no current evidence that they should change their careers.
The sports hernia: a cause of chronic groin pain.
Authors: R G Hackney
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

The management of chronic pain in sportsmen and women requires consideration of a wide differential diagnosis. A syndrome caused by a distension of the posterior inguinal wall is described, effectively an early direct inguinal hernia. The diagnosis can be made from certain aspects of the history and examination, which are described. The results of surgical repair to the posterior inguinal wall are excellent. The procedure was carried out on 14 sportsmen and one woman. There is an 87% return to full sporting activity, with a follow-up of 18 months to 5 years. The remaining 13% were improved by the repair. Many of the athletes had received other treatments without success. The sports hernia should be high on the list of differential diagnoses in chronic groin pain.
Contribution of inappropriate treatment for hypertension to pathogenesis of stroke in the elderly.
Authors: P A Jansen, F W Gribnau, B P Schulte, E F Poels
Journal: BMJ (1986)

One hundred and seventy eight patients admitted to hospital with acute cerebral infarction or transient ischaemic attack were studied to determine if their treatment had been changed during the previous three weeks and to compare their blood pressure after the stroke with premorbid values. Blood pressure measurements taken within one year before the stroke were available for 100 patients; seven of these had had a recent change in antihypertensive or diuretic treatment. Of these, three patients who had started taking frusemide because of hypertension and one whose dosage of a reserpine combination drug had been increased experienced an appreciable decrease in blood pressure immediately after the stroke; they also showed signs of haemoconcentration. The change in treatment probably contributed to the stroke in these four patients. The other three showed a smaller decrease or even an increase in blood pressure and no signs of haemoconcentration; the relation between the change in treatment and stroke is less likely in these patients. The use of high ceiling diuretics such as frusemide in the treatment of hypertension may induce hypovolaemia and hypotension, resulting in cerebral ischaemia, and are therefore best avoided in such treatment.
Methods proposed to achieve air quality standards for mobile sources and technology surveillance.
Authors: W T Piver
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The methods proposed to meet the 1975 Standards of the Clean Air Act for mobile sources are alternative antiknocks, exhaust emission control devices, and alternative engine designs. Technology surveillance analysis applied to this situation is an attempt to anticipate potential public and environmental health problems from these methods, before they happen. Components of this analysis are exhaust emission characterization, environmental transport and transformation, levels of public and environmental exposure, and the influence of economics on the selection of alternative methods. The purpose of this presentation is to show trends as a result of the interaction of these different components. In no manner can these trends be interpreted explicitly as to what will really happen. Such an analysis is necessary so that public and environmental health officials have the opportunity to act on potential problems before they become manifest.
The reversal of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by selenium nanoparticles functionalized with 11-mercapto-1-undecanol by inhibition of ROS-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Yinghua Li, Xiaoling Li, Yum-Shing Wong, Tianfeng Chen, Haobin Zhang, Chaoran Liu, Wenjie Zheng
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Studies on the contribution of c-fos/AP-1 to arthritic joint destruction.
Authors: S Shiozawa, K Shimizu, K Tanaka, K Hino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Features characteristic to rheumatoid joint destruction, including synovial overgrowth and bone resorption, are experimentally produced by augmenting c-fos gene expression. We tested here if arthritic joint destruction was inhibited upon inactivation of the c-fos/AP-1 signal by administering short double-stranded AP-1 DNA oligonucleotides into mice with collagen-induced arthritis to compete for the binding of AP-1 in vivo at the promoter binding site. Arthritic joint destruction was inhibited in a sequence-specific and dose-dependent manner by oligonucleotides containing the AP-1 sequence. The oligonucleotides inhibited gene expression at the transcriptional level. Nucleotide sequences besides AP-1 also appeared to be important structurally for binding of AP-1 onto DNA and for the stability of oligonucleotides against nucleases. Immunohistochemical chase experiment administering biotinylated oligonucleotides into arthritic mice showed that AP-1 oligonucleotides reached the inflamed joint. Thus, activation of c-fos/AP-1 appears essentially important in arthritic joint destruction.
Dilemmas in Drug Therapy
Authors: Bruce W. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Using a question and answer format—whose central nervous sytem depressant actions are blocked by his conversational style—Dr. Beckman has written a fascinating book about applied pharmacology, a book that simulates a dialog between teacher and listener. The therapeutic dilemmas are arranged alphabetically from abdominal distention, abortion, and acanthosis nigricans through myelofibrosis and narcolepsy to yaws and yellow fever. As indicated, each entry begins with a question that sounds like one asked by a physician friend, not a medical examiner. The answer is also conversational, yet pointed, eg, when asked if there is a specific therapy for yellow fever the answer has one word, "No." Many answers are backed up by citing a recent article in a widely circulated journal. Dr. Beckman often returns to the authors of these by their first names which implies that he knows them and their work. This book's vital feature is its 30-page index which
Tuberculosis: old reasons for a new increase?
Authors: J. H Darbyshire
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Notifications of tuberculosis have increased in England and Wales over the past few years, as in other European countries and the United States.1 2 3 An estimated 8000 extra cases occurred between 1982 and 1993 in England and Wales, but the 95% confidence interval is wide (3000 to 12000).1 At least part of the increase may be an artefact—for example, the creation of consultants in communicable disease control in 1988, together with local initiatives (such as that described by Brown and colleagues (p 974),4 may have resulted in a substantial fall in the undernotification previously reported in several areas.5 The increase in notifications has been largely for non-respiratory tuberculosis,1 in which the new consultants may have had their biggest impact—undernotification is more likely in specialties other than respiratory medicine. On the other hand, evidence exists that undernotification of tuberculosis, particularly in association with HIV infection, is still common.6

Factors contributing to a real …