tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: HBAG in papular acrodermatitis of childhood.
Authors: G Schliro, A Fischer, A Russo
Journal: BMJ (1975)

HBAg in Papular Acrodermatitis of Childhood SIR,-Your leading article on Australia antigen in papular acrodermatitis of childhood (9 March, p. 407), criticizing Gianotti's' hypothesis that serum hepatitis and papular acrodermatitis of childhood (P.A.C.) are the same disease or are closely related, prompts us to report our own ex- perience in the matter.We have recently seen three children with the characteristic picture of P.A.C. as described by C&anotti.Their serum bilirubin was normal and transaminases were at the upper end of the normal range.Using radioimmunoassay as described by Ling and Overby2 we found that all three children were HBAg positive.None were living in any institution.Their parents were HBAg negative.We agree that the presence of HBAg in cases of P.A.C. needs further investigation, and the most sensitive method available for this is radioimmunoassay.If such studies confirm previous reports they will provide strong support for Gianotti's theory of a close relationship between serum hepatitis and P.A.C. P.A.C. would then be the only disease other than serum hepatitis to be consistently associated with HBAg.Con- sidering the prevalence of anicteric hepatitis in children P.A.C. might be a peculiar formn of hepatitis in childhood due to a particular reactivity of the reticulohistiocytic system to the viral infection.-Weare, etc.,
Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in mesenchymal stem cells of subchondral bone attenuates osteoarthritis
Authors: Gehua Zhen, Chunyi Wen, Xiaofeng Jia, Yu Li, Janet L Crane, Simon C Mears, Frederic B Askin, Frank J Frassica, Weizhong Chang, Jie Yao, John A Carrino, Andrew Cosgarea, Dmitri Artemov, Qianming Chen, Zhihe Zhao, Xuedong Zhou, Lee Riley, Paul Sponseller, Mei Wan, William Weijia Lu, Xu Cao
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Emollients and the response of facial skin to a cold environment
Authors: A. Thorleifsson, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background It is debated whether the use of emollients, in cold weather, constitutes a protective factor or a risk factor for frostbite. Objectives To compare the effects of two emollients [oil in water (O/W) and petrolatum] on facial skin in response to cold exposure. Methods Fifteen volunteers participated in the experiment, consisting of 60 min in a cold room (−5 °C), preceded and followed by 30 min of acclimatization at room temperature. In the cold room, O/W was applied on one cheek and petrolatum on the other. The cheeks were exposed to wind, produced by a fan, to cool further the skin by the wind chill index. Skin temperature, redness, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured on both cheeks. Results Facial skin treated with O/W was significantly colder (up to 1·3 °C) than facial skin treated with petrolatum, but the difference disappeared within 20 min. Agreement between temperature measurements and subjective thermal sensations was poor (Cohen's κ = −0·13). At no point did the paired skin redness and the paired TEWL values vary significantly. The TEWL levels were significantly lower 30 min after the cold exposure than before, but had reached pre‐exposure levels the following day. Conclusions This study demonstrates that for a duration exposure of 20 min, facial skin treated with O/W achieves a lower temperature than facial skin treated with petrolatum. The two emollients had in all other aspects the same effect on the response of facial skin to cold.
Short needles (8 mm) reduce the risk of intramuscular injections in children with type 1 diabetes.
Authors: N Tubiana-Rufi, N Belarbi, L Du Pasquier-Fediaevsky, M Polak, B Kakou, L Leridon, M Hassan, P Czernichow
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To study whether 8-mm needles can reduce the frequency of intramuscular injections in diabetic children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective crossover study in 50 children whose BMI was &amp;lt; or = 60th percentile to compare two lengths of needles (12.7 and 8 mm) regarding the occurrence of intramuscular injections as assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS: The frequency of intramuscular injections was 86% with the 12.7-mm needles and 38% with the 8-mm needles. The frequency of intramuscular injections was significantly reduced when using the 8-mm needles in the arms (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and thighs (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The efficiency of 8-mm needles, as defined by an intramuscular injection with a 12.7-mm needle and a subcutaneous injection with an 8-mm needle, was found for half of the children who injected in the arm and for two-thirds of the children who injected in the thigh. The subcutaneous tissue (SQT) thickness measured by ultrasonography with a skinfold was significantly higher (9.8 +/- 2.2 mm) in the group in which the 8-mm needles were efficient than in the group in which they were not efficient (6.8 +/- 2.1 mm, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The efficiency of the 8-mm needle was not related to age, sex, BMI, percentile of BMI, injection device, or injection site. The sensibility and specificity of SQT thickness in predicting the efficiency of the 8-mm needles were both 79%. CONCLUSIONS: Needles that are 8 mm long significantly reduce the risk of intramuscular insulin injection in slim or normal-weight (BMI &amp;lt; or = 60th percentile) diabetic children and adolescents.
Group advises what specialised services should be commissioned nationally
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Recommendations on what health services should be commissioned nationally from next April have been put forward by clinical specialists.1

The Department of Health said it will consider the list and publish a final set of regulations on what services the NHS Commissioning Board should be responsible for later in the year.

As part of the NHS changes included in the Health and Social Care Act GPs take responsibility for commissioning most patient services through clinical commissioning consortiums from April 2013.

At the same time the job of commissioning specialised services …
Medical Philately-Reply
Authors: John A. Mirt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Bohrer's widespread effort to locate "Medical Pathfinders on Postage Stamps" indicates more than a casual interest in the subject, and is most pleasing to the writer. Unfortunately, this material has not been put into printed form. The vignettes which have been used byThe Journalare taken from an exhibit, so entitled, in the Scientific Assembly at the 1960 annual meeting of the AMA in Miami Beach. Additional items have been sent to the editor, and more will be provided if reader interest warrants. Dr. Bohrer's suggestion that the persons and places on stamps used on the Foreign Mail page be identified is an excellent one. This information is now being included in the footnote at the bottom of the page. Many of the physicians who visited the exhibit at Miami Beach expressed interest as stamp collectors. However, a surprisingly large number were not philatelists but
RELATION OF VINCENT'S ANGINA TO FUSOSPIROCHETAL DISEASE OF THE LUNGS
Authors: DAVID T. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1930)

There is considerable evidence in the literature for the belief that the anaerobic organisms present in Vincent's infection of the upper respiratory tract may under certain conditions initiate a severe or even fatal pulmonary infection. Though the lesions in the lungs and bronchi generally occur as a complication of Vincent's angina, they are occasionally primary. These cases of fusospirochetal disease are usually sporadic, but at times the infection may definitely be traced from patient to patient. In this paper I give a brief summary of the reports in the literature and place on record three additional cases observed at the New York State Hospital for Incipient Tuberculosis in which fusospirochetal disease of the lungs followed exposure to cases of Vincent's infection of the upper respiratory passages. Bruce<sup>1</sup>reported a case of primary Vincent's infection of the larynx and trachea with secondary extension into the tissues of the neck and
Endoscopic sphincterotomy before pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary carcinoma.
Authors: D Alderson, M I Lavelle, C W Venables
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains the operation of choice for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, but the presence of severe jaundice in almost all patients with ampullary neoplasia is a major contributory factor to the high incidence of complications and hospital mortality after the operation. To achieve biliary decompression in five patients endoscopic sphincterectomy was performed at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The procedure was successful in achieving biliary drainage in all cases and was without appreciable morbidity. All five patients subsequently underwent identical resections, the interval to operation being decided by the speed of resolution of the jaundice; minor pancreatic leaks in two patients were the only complications. None of the patients died. These results suggest, therefore, that endoscopic sphincterotomy should be performed at the time of duodenoscopy if an obstructive ampullary tumour is found.
Research to decrease areas of clinical uncertainty
Authors: A. Farmer, R. Milne, T. Walley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Uncertainties abound in healthcare. The 2008 editorial by Chalmers that launched the BMJ ’s Uncertainties Page series highlighted the enormous harms that can come from failure to identify and reduce them.1 In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health Research’s Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme is charged with producing independent and rigorous research about the effectiveness of different healthcare technologies to resolve important areas of uncertainty. The HTA programme was established in 1993 and is funded by the Department of Health as part of the National Institute for Health Research (www.hta.ac.uk). The article this week in the BMJ ’s Uncertainties Page series is the first of several articles in this series that will focus on areas of clinical uncertainty being investigated by HTA research.2

The HTA programme aims to meet the information needs of the NHS and works by consulting widely to identify topics for research. Suggestions are made through a web based suggestion system (www.hta.ac.uk/suggest); the HTA also identifies topics by reviewing reports and systematic reviews from bodies such as the National …
IMPAIRED CEREBRAL FUNCTIONS IN CHRONIC BRUCELLOSIS
Authors: NATHANIEL S. APTER, WARD C. HALSTEAD, C. WESLEY EISELE, NORMAN B. MCCULLOUGH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

Combined medical, psychiatric, and experimental psychological techniques provide correlative and corroborative data which indicate that cerebral impairment occurs in some patients with brucellosis. Damage to the cerebral cortex may explain many of the symptoms and changes in behavorial patterns in these patients. A syndrome of organic brain disease associated with chronic brucellosis is described.
Absence of bacterially induced RELMβ reduces injury in the dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis
Authors: Laila D. McVay, Sue A. Keilbaugh, Tracie M.H. Wong, Sonja Kierstein, Marcus E. Shin, Michael Lehrke, Martina I. Lefterova, D. Edward Shifflett, Sean L. Barnes, Fabio Cominelli, Steven M. Cohn, Gail Hecht, Mitchell A. Lazar, Angela Haczku, Gary D. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the result of a dysregulated immune response to commensal gut bacteria in genetically predisposed individuals, the mechanism(s) by which bacteria lead to the development of IBD are unknown. Interestingly, deletion of intestinal goblet cells protects against intestinal injury, suggesting that this epithelial cell lineage may produce molecules that exacerbate IBD. We previously reported that resistin-like molecule β (RELMβ; also known as FIZZ2) is an intestinal goblet cell–specific protein that is induced upon bacterial colonization whereupon it is expressed in the ileum and colon, regions of the gut most often involved in IBD. Herein, we show that disruption of this gene reduces the severity of colitis in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of murine colonic injury. Although RELMβ does not alter colonic epithelial proliferation or barrier function, we show that recombinant protein activates macrophages to produce TNF-α both in vitro and in vivo. RELMβ expression is also strongly induced in the terminal ileum of the SAMP1/Fc model of IBD. These results suggest a model whereby the loss of epithelial barrier function by DSS results in the activation of the innate mucosal response by RELMβ located in the lumen, supporting the hypothesis that this protein is a link among goblet cells, commensal bacteria, and the pathogenesis of IBD.
Hazards of transmission of HIV during invasive procedures.
Authors: S. M. Gore, A. G. Bird
Journal: BMJ (1992)

sampling error (probably the most important single cause of lack of correlation between histo- logical and cytological findings).Negative results ofsmear tests in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III have also been attributed to sampling error.We believe that the argument of progression and sampling error also applies to many cases of mild dyskaryosis in which biopsy specimens taken after some follow up period or at the time of the smear test show cervical intra- epithelial neoplasia grade III.
Epidemic Canine Brucellosis: A Model for the Study of Chronic Infection.
Authors: Richard Morisset
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Epidemic Canine Brucellosis: A Model for the Study of Chronic Infection.Richard Morisset, M.D., Craig W. Howe, B.S., Wesley W. Spink, M.D., M.A.C.P.Richard Morisset, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Craig W. Howe, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Wesley W. Spink, M.D., M.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-828_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptExplosive canine abortions caused by a rough strain of brucellla recognized as a biotype ofBrucella suishave occurred in the beagle species in the United States since 1966. We have studied 3 kennels involving 1,080 dogs, and data are now available on the epidemiological, clinical, immunological, and pathological findings. We have encountered the disease in humans, and tetracycline therapy was highly effective. In the canine the disease is venereal in origin, resulting in sterility and abortions. The severity of the epidemics is emphasized by the high rate of abortions and failure to conceive and by the finding of 86%... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard Morisset, M.D.; Craig W. Howe, B.S.; Wesley W. Spink, M.D., M.A.C.P.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 828-828KeywordsBrucellaBrucellosisClinical immunologyInfertilityTetracyclines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pathological and Patient Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Ultrasound Combined with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Pre-Operative Staging of the Axilla in Breast Cancer.
Authors: B. Hogan, M. Peter, F. Langlands, J. White, B. Dall, K. Horgan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction:Ultrasound combined with fine needle aspiration cytology is effective in pre-operative staging of the axilla in breast cancer. Accurate pre-operative diagnosis of lymph node metastases allows for a one stage axillary operation and may also influence decisions regarding neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and breast reconstruction. The aim of this study is to identify pathological and patient factors that influence the accuracy of ultrasound and FNAC in determining the status of the axilla pre-operatively.Methods:Three hundred patients with primary operable invasive breast cancer had an axillary ultrasound pre-operatively. If the ultrasound was normal the patient was offered a sentinel node biopsy. If it identified equivocal or pathological nodes a fine needle aspirate cytology was performed. If the cytology was malignant then an axillary node clearance was performed.Results:Ultrasound combined with FNAC correctly determined the status of the axilla pre-operatively in 78% of cases. Sensitivity for the detection of metastases was 32% with 100% specificity. Factors affecting the accuracy of ultrasound and FNAC were the pathological size of tumour (p&amp;lt;0.05) and the size of the metastases (p&amp;lt;0.05). Age of the patient, pathological grade and type of tumour did not significantly affect the accuracy of the procedure.Conclusion:Ultrasound combined with fine needle aspirate cytology can be used effectively to determine the status of the axilla pre-operatively. All patients regardless of age or their particular tumour characteristics should be offered this procedure pre-operatively. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5020.
Radionuclide Cerebral Angiography in Moyamoya Disease
Authors: TOSHIO MAEDA, HIROFUMI MORI, KINICHI HISADA, MINORU SUGINO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

During the early arterial phase of a case of moyamoya disease, the radionuclide cerebral angiogram showed abnormal increased perfusion at the surface and the base of the head, but there was no recognizable activity in either middle cerebral artery. Contrast angiography demonstrated bilateral occlusion at the carotid siphon, characteristic net-like vascularities in the base of the brain, many anastomotic connections between the dural and cerebral branches, and collateral transdural circulation. The combination of radionuclide angiography, static brain imaging and CT scanning proved useful in investigating moyamoya disease.
Development of the ornithine cycle in rat liver: Zonation of a metabolic pathway
Authors: M A Dingemanse, W J De Jonge, P A J De Boer, M Mori, W H Lamers, A F Moorman
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Ammonia–fixation in mammalian livers is, via the ornithine cycle and glutamine synthetase, strictly compartmentalized, occurring in a wide upstream periportal compartment and in the very last downstream pericentral hepatocytes, respectively. This conclusion is based on the well–known distribution patterns of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS) and glutamine synthetase in the developing and adult liver. To determine to what extent the expression patterns of the ornithine cycle enzymes are coordinated with that of CPS, we investigated the patterns of expression of the individual messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of the ornithine cycle pathway in developing and adult rat liver. Our results show that, within the liver, all mRNAs of the ornithine cycle pathway are zonated. The patterns of expression of the different mRNAs match almost perfectly, with variations only in the steepness of the gradients of the mRNAs, suggesting that, in the rat, common regulatory factors are involved in the establishment of the zonation pattern.
Second study supports results of Whitehall study after retirement
Authors: S. Harding, A. Bethune, M. Rosato
Journal: BMJ (1997)

CONSORT statement on the reporting standards of clinical trials Recommendations are inappropriate for trial reportsEditor-In his editorial on the CONSORT statement Douglas G Altman states that since "only randomised trials have the potential directly to affect patient care ... it is ... reasonable to require higher standards for papers reporting randomised trials than those describing other types of study." 1 But although randomised trials are usually the preferred approach for the unbiased evaluation of treatments, non-randomised observational studies also influence treatment.Because the correct interpretation of observational studies is much more difficult, largely due to uncontrollable biases, their description and analysis call for at least as much care as do randomised trials.Sometimes, of course, randomised comparisons are unnecessary-for example, to determine the value of fetoprotein screening for neural tube defects.CONSORT is the product of deliberations conducted almost entirely through North American journals. 2Journal editors and statisticians are well represented among those involved, but clinicians and others with experience in actually conducting trials less so.Experience of the procedures recommended seems to be limited and not wholly positive.The authors of one trial report who had been persuaded to rewrite it 3 in the structured format expressed mixed feelings: the paper was rendered less readable with "ideas that are logically linked together (such as point estimates with 95% confidence intervals) torn asunder." 4 Inflexibility and a lengthier manuscript were other reported disadvantages.The editor stated that a journal "should change the way it structures articles only when there is good agreement on the new format in the communities we serve" 4 ; this includes writers and readers of trial reports as well as editors.Feedback from the test case 3 or from other commentators does not seem to have materially altered the final version of CONSORT.By announcing its decision, less than a fortnight after publication of CONSORT, the BMJ pre-empted input from many with experience of planning, conducting, and reporting trials.Few will dispute the need for improvements in the reporting of all studies with implications for patient care, whatever their design.But without appropriate consultation, the BMJ seems to have made its decision on CONSORT prematurely.The requirement that randomised trials report the numbers of patients excluded is generally pointless, 5 and making authors indicate where a large number of checklist items are dealt with would be unduly prescriptive.The CONSORT recommendations should not be imposed unilaterally.Others with experience of trial conduct should be consulted on the nature of any guidelines for the reporting of randomised trials and, more importantly, of observational studies of treatments.
Deciding who should have thrombolysis
Authors: J Rawles
Journal: BMJ (1994)

necessary to allow the patient's transfer elsewhere -for rehabilitation, for example.In conclusion, the cornerstone of control of methicillin resistant S aureus is good infection control practice, as I stated in my review.Infection control teams wish to prevent and control the spread of any multiresistant organism as the antimicrobial armamentarium against these organisms is reduced.Additionally, the few available antibiotics tend to be expensive and may be toxic.Unfortunately, epidemic strains of methicillin resistant S aureus still exist, and un- affected hospitals should remain vigilant to prevent their arrival and spread.
Targeting the central nervous system: In vivo experiments with peptide-derivatized nanoparticles loaded with Loperamide and Rhodamine-123
Authors: G. Tosi, L. Costantino, F. Rivasi, B. Ruozi, E. Leo, A.V. Vergoni, R. Tacchi, A. Bertolini, M.A. Vandelli, F. Forni
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)