tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maize pollen test systems to detect nondisjunction.
Authors: D F Weber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Three pollen test systems to detect the induction of nondisjunction in maize are actively being explored. (1) Each member of a tetrad of haploid microspores produced by meiosis contains a single chromosome 6 which carries the only nucleolar organizing region in the maize genome. Thus, each member of a normal tetrad contains one nucleolus. If nondisjunction took place at the first or second meiotic division, 2:2:0:0 or 2:1:1:0 tetrads would be produced respectively. (2) If a male parent carrying a dominant endosperm marker is crossed by a female carrying a recessive allele of this gene, all normal kernels would be heterozygous and would express the dominant phenotype in their endosperm. If nondisjunction of the chromosome carrying this gene took place at the second microspore division and the nullisomic and disomic sperm fertilized the polar nuclei and egg of a given embryo sac respectively, an exceptional kernel is produced which would express the recessive endosperm phenotype and contain a trisomic embryo. (3) Complementing null mutations of genes expressed in individual pollen grains can be utilized to detect nondisjunction. Normal haploid pollen grains from plants heterozygous for two complementing null alleles of a locus would each express the recessive phenotype. If nondisjunction took place during either meiotic division, disomic pollen grains containing both alleles could be produced expressing the dominant phenotype due to complementation. We are exploring this test system utilizing appropriate alcohol dehydrogenase mutants.
Albumin Excretion Rate Increases During Acute Myocardial Infarction and Strongly Predicts Early Mortality
Authors: Giuseppe Berton, Tiziana Citro, Rosa Palmieri, Stefania Petucco, None Renzo De Toni, Paolo Palatini
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background This study was undertaken to assess whether albumin excretion rate (AER) increases during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and whether it predicts in-hospital mortality. Methods and Results The study was carried out in 496 subjects admitted to hospital for suspected AMI. Of these, 360 had evidence of AMI. The other 136 were studied as control subjects. AER was assessed by radioimmunoassay in three 24-hour urine collections performed on the first, third, and seventh days after admission. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by two-dimensional echocardiography in 254 subjects. AER adjusted for several confounders was higher in the AMI than the non-AMI group on the first (69.2±5.2 versus 27.3±8.5 mg/24 h, P &lt;.0001) and third (30.3±2.7 versus 12.5±4.4 mg/24 h, P =.001) days, whereas no difference was present on the seventh day. When the subjects with heart failure were excluded, the difference between the two groups remained significant (first day, P &lt;.0001; third day, P =.001). On the basis of classification of the 26 AMI patients who died in hospital according to whether they had normal AER, microalbuminuria, or overt albuminuria, mortality rate progressively increased with increasing levels of AER ( P &lt;.0001). In a Cox’s proportional hazards model, AER was a better predictor of in-hospital mortality than Killip class or echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction. A cutoff value of 50 mg/24 h for first-day AER and 30 mg/24 h for third-day AER yielded a sensitivity of 92.3% and of 88.5% and a specificity of 72.4% and of 79.3%, respectively, for mortality. Adjusted relative risks for the two cutoff values were 17.3 (confidence limits, 4.6 to 112.7) and 8.4 (confidence limits, 2.4 to 39.3), respectively. Conclusions These data show that AER increases during AMI and that it yields prognostic information additional to that provided by clinical or echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular performance.
Liver fibrosis in a patient with familial homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia: possible role of vitamin supplementation.
Authors: J Y Scoazec, M E Bouma, J F Roche, D Blache, N Verthier, G Feldmann, G Gay
Journal: Gut (1992)

A case of apolipoprotein B-related disorder is reported in which liver fibrosis developed without long term administration of medium chain triglycerides, previously incriminated in the pathogenesis of this lesion. The patient was a young woman in whom the diagnosis of familial homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia was made at the age of 21. A first liver specimen taken at diagnosis revealed steatosis, hypertrophic Golgi apparatus and proliferating smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The patient was treated with vitamin A and E supplementation only. Two years later, a second liver biopsy, carried out because of increased serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations, showed fibrosis, mild cytolysis and marked mitochondrial alterations. Hepatic level of vitamin A was increased. This finding supports the hypothesis that liver disease observed in our patient might be an adverse effect of vitamin supplementation. Our observation underlines the importance of including liver function tests in the follow up of patients with apolipoprotein B-related disorders.
Sequential treatment with lamivudine and interferon monotherapies in patients with chronic hepatitis B not responding to interferon alone: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Lawrence Serfaty, Dominique Thabut, Fabien Zoulim, Tony Andreani, Olivier Chazouillères, Nicolas Carbonell, Alain Loria, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Sustained viral suppression using monotherapy with interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) or lamivudine can only be achieved in a small percentage of patients with chronic hepatitis B. The concomitant administration of lamivudine and IFN-alpha does not enhance efficacy. We postulated that the optimal timing of therapy might be sequential treatment with lamivudine and IFN-alpha. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the efficacy of sequential treatment in patients resistant to IFN-alpha alone. Fourteen male patients, with a median age of 40 years, nonresponders to IFN-alpha with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA > 100 pg/mL (branched DNA [bDNA] Chiron) and positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in 11 of 14 patients, were treated with lamivudine 100 mg/d alone for 20 weeks, then with both IFN-alpha2b 5 MU 3 times per week and lamivudine for 4 weeks, and lastly with IFN-alpha alone for 24 weeks. At the end of lamivudine therapy, all patients had undetectable serum HBV DNA, and none exhibited an emergence of HBV polymerase mutant or breakthrough. Sustained serum HBV-DNA clearance 6 months after the end of sequential treatment was achieved in 8 of 14 patients, HBeAg-to-anti-HBe seroconversion in 5 of 11 patients, and HBeAg and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversions in 3 of 14 patients (anti-HBs > 100 IU/mL). All sustained responders had normalized their alanine transaminase (ALT) values and exhibited histologic improvements. In conclusion, the results of this pilot study suggest that sequential treatment with lamivudine and IFN-alpha can induce a sustained virologic response, including HBs seroconversion, in patients with chronic hepatitis B not responding to IFN-alpha alone, without the selection of drug-resistant mutants. This therapeutic schedule warrants further evaluation in clinical trials.
INFECTIOUS CATARRH OF THE ALBINO RAT
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

A disease syndrome referred to as infectious catarrh, encountered under natural conditions of exposure in a rat colony, was transmitted to selected animals and maintained for 5 years by nasal instillation or contact. During this period 37 passages were made in 156 rats, the rates of pneumonia, otitis media, and rhinitis being 28, 63, and 87 per cent, respectively. After the 12th passage, Brucella bronchiseptica and Actinobacillus muris (B. actinoides var. muris), which were originally present, were no longer cultivable from infected rats. By reason of the maintenance of infectious catarrh in the absence of the latter and also because of its non-invasiveness on nasal instillation, it is now believed that Actinobacillus muris is of no direct etiological significance.
Circumcision and Cervical Cancer
Authors: S. R. Eser
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Summary</h3> 1.The Lygranum complement-fixation test affords valuable diagnostic information when sera are titrated, particularly in dilutions of 1:20 and 1:40. Titers of 1:40 and above offer good evidence of infection with the agent of lymphogranuloma venereum. Titers below 1:20 can only be interpreted following examinations of subsequent specimens of serum, employing quantitative procedures. 2.Titers of 1:40 or above were obtained with sera from 56 per cent of patients from a clinic for anogenital lesions and from 97 per cent of patients with a clinical diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum. 3.If sera are tested only in dilutions of 1:5 the Lygranum complement-fixation test has limited usefulness. Under such conditions non-specific reactions may occur in apparently healthy individuals, in upper respiratory infections, as well as in the presence of venereal diseases other than lymphogranuloma venereum. 4.While early syphilis may occasionally produce false positive reactions with the Lygranum C. F. antigen, these reactions can usually be screened out by titration studies, in which the 1:40 dilution is considered as the critical titer for diagnosis, or by the more tedious procedure of absorption of sera with Kahn antigen. Our experience has been that when titers of 1:40 or higher are manifested in the Lygranum C. F. test, absorption with Kahn antigen does not remove the reactivity for the Lygranum C. F. antigen, thus providing undisputable evidence that multiple infection is present.
Mechanical Reperfusion More Than 12 Hours After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: B. Kanna
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term Outcomes and Management of Patients With Lyme Disease
Authors: Pierce Gardner
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of pentoxifylline on cytokine levels and inflammatory parameters in septic shock
Authors: T. Staudinger, E. Presterl, W. Graninger, G. J. Locker, S. Knapp, K. Laczika, G. Klappacher, B. Stoiser, A. Wagner, P. Tesinsky, H. Kordova, M. Frass
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Treating Acute Asthma with Antibiotics — Not Quite Yet
Authors: Frédéric F. Little
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Although the root cause of asthma is not known, treatments have been developed that target facets of the underlying pathologic abnormalities of asthma: airway inflammation, hypersecretion of mucus, and airway hyperresponsiveness. These treatments not only have improved the site of drug delivery (e.g., inhaled corticosteroids) but have directly targeted the relevant pathways that contribute to symptoms (e.g., leukotriene modifiers and anti-IgE). Although these treatments have proved to be effective, practitioners are often humbled as the condition progresses despite their best efforts to control it; therapeutic strategies that target unexplored disease associations are needed.Viral infection is strongly associated with both . . .
The Death of Humane Medicine
Authors: M. Modell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Petr Skrabanek Social Affairs Unit, pounds sterling 12.95 + pounds sterling2 postage, pp 212 ISBN 0-90731-59-2

Professor Skrabanek defines humane medicine as caring for individual patients who come for relief of pain, compassion, and such limited cures as medicine can effect, both doctor and patient accepting the reality of death. His proposal is that humane medicine is being displaced by dubious prevention programmes, which coerce populations into “healthy” lifestyles and unjustified screening and doctors into becoming agents of the state.

I have some sympathy with his suggestion, my own lifestyle never having been particularly healthy. The primary motive of most health promotion campaigns is …
Getting Out of Greasewood
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

On Being a Doctor21 March 2006Getting Out of GreasewoodJack Coulehan, MDJack Coulehan, MDFrom State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Lower Greasewood lies on the high steppe at the base of Toyei Mesa, 23 miles southwest of Ganado, Arizona. In 1972, the paved road ended at the Greasewood Chapter House and Trading Post, beyond which were the trailer-like clinic, the boarding school, and a 3-block arc of government houses where the school staff and teachers lived. Near the arroyo on the other side of the clinic were an old stand of cottonwood and a dirt road that continued west to Bita Hochee, where you could rejoin the pavement that ran south to Interstate 40. The Navajo called this place d'wooshi ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794.Corresponding Author: Jack Coulehan, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, HSC L3-086, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794; e-mail, [email protected]cc.sunysb.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 March 2006Volume 144, Issue 6Page: 451-452KeywordsChildrenMedical servicesNursesPregnancyPreventive medicineRunningStormsTechnicians ePublished: 21 March 2006 Issue Published: 21 March 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Identification of the direct vasodilator effect of milrinone with an isolated limb preparation in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
Authors: R J Cody, F B Müller, S H Kubo, H Rutman, D Leonard
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We developed an isolated limb preparation to evaluate the direct vasoactive properties of cardioactive drugs on the forearm vasculature in patients with congestive heart failure. Using this model, we infused milrinone in subsystemic doses (1, 10, and 20 micrograms/min per 100 ml forearm volume [FAV] ) into the brachial artery of 13 patients with moderate-to-severe congestive heart failure. We monitored forearm hemodynamics, systemic hemodynamics, and milrinone plasma concentration from both the forearm venous effluent and pulmonary artery. This preparation enabled us to assess the direct forearm vascular response to milrinone. Compared with baseline forearm blood flow (2.46 +/- 1.37 ml/min/100 ml FAV), the three doses of milrinone resulted in increases in forearm blood flow to 2.66 +/- 1.43, 4.21 +/- 1.79, and 6.73 +/- 3.69 ml/min/100 ml FAV. This was associated with a reduction of forearm vascular resistance from the baseline value of 52 +/- 38 U to 47 +/- 36, 25 +/- 13, and 17 +/- 10 U. The p value for the difference in response of flow and resistance after the 10 and 20 micrograms doses vs that at baseline was .05. This forearm vasodilatation occurred without change in systemic hemodynamics or therapeutic milrinone plasma concentrations in the pulmonary artery. In five patients, we compared the response to intra-arterial milrinone with that of nitroprusside. At a dose of 10 micrograms/min/100 ml FAV, the response to nitroprusside (7.20 +/- 3.24 ml/min/100 ml FAV) was greater than that to milrinone (4.65 +/- 2.18 ml/min/100 ml FAV) (p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Role of Glycogen in Blood Cells
Authors: Robert B. Scott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

IN mammalian biology glycogen is most widely known as a major constituent of liver and a prominent feature of skeletal muscle. Less appreciated is the fact that many specialized cells contain glycogen — for example, such widely diverse cells as goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa, chondrocytes, endometrial cells, fat cells and blood cells. The function of glycogen in liver is to maintain the blood sugar at relatively constant levels, and glycogen in muscle supplies the necessarily large amounts of energy for sustained contraction. The exact function of glycogen in many other specialized cells is unknown, and detailed study of . . .
Liposomes in silicosis investigations.
Authors: G Erdogdu, V N Hasirci
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The effects of quartz and sodium metasilicate on liposomes were studied in order to understand the mechanism of silicosis. 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid was tested for its in situ silicosis-prevention capacity. Two types of liposomes--(A) those incorporating cholesterol and (B) those without cholesterol--were used. The tests consisted of measuring permeability changes caused by the above-mentioned chemicals. Permeabilities were found to depend on membrane composition. Tests on quartz action led us to the conclusion that liposomes of this composition did not simulate the erythrocytes very well. It was also observed that absence or presence of cholesterol and the mode of contact altered the effect of quartz. Silicate destabilized type A liposomes, but this was less than that caused by quartz. This was explained by the concentration of monosilicic acid that dissolves out from quartz and silicate. When quartz was pretreated with the preventive, the type A liposomes were stabilized, but a slight destabilizing effect was observed on type B. 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid augmented the destabilizing effect of silicate, whereas it decreased the hemolytic activity of uncoated quartz, indicating a preventive potential in in vivo.
Thromboembolic Complications of Prosthetic Cardiac Valves
Authors: MOHAMMED AKBARIAN, W. GERALD AUSTEN, PETER M. YURCHAK, J. GORDON SCANNELL
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Our experience with thromboembolism in 283 patients surviving at least 1 week following insertion of Starr-Edwards valves is reported here. Of these patients, 155 underwent aortic valve replacement, 21 had aortic valve replacement with mitral commissurotomy, 80 had mitral replacement, and 27 had both aortic and mitral valve replacement. Complete follow-up data were obtained on all patients, from 3 to 49 months following surgery (mean, 20 months). Thromboembolic episodes developed in 68 of the 283 patients (24%). Seventeen of these 68 patients died (25%), three had serious neurological residual (4%), but the majority of survivors recovered completely. Use of long-term anticoagulant therapy appeared to reduce incidence of embolic episodes only in patients with aortic valve replacement. Control of anticoagulant therapy (good, fair, or poor) bore no relationship to incidence of embolism within this group. Anticoagulant therapy in untreated patients with emboli reduced the incidence of subsequent thromboembolism. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 23 patients (8%); one died. Thromboembolism is a serious complication of prosthetic valves. Its incidence in some patients is reduced but not eliminated by anticoagulant therapy.
Coarctation of the Aorta and Pregnancy
Authors: KEVYN DEAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The obstetrical experience of 28 women with unoperated coarctation of the aorta and 83 pregnancies was evaluated along with that of 83 women with 185 pregnancies reported in the recent medical literature. Mendelson's report of the clinical experiences with 200 women (with 14 maternal deaths) before 1960 was reviewed. His recommendations for routine sterilization, cesarean section, and therapeutic abortion of these patients are reconsidered. Our observations and those from recent studies in the clinical literature suggest that the risk of pregnancy to women with coarctation is not as great as once thought. Pregnant women with coarctation should be managed individually, with consideration of functional cardiac status, past history, associated defects, and severity of the coarctation. The lack of predictive tests for intrinsic disease of the ascending aorta, which could lead to aortic dissection if there is coarctation of the aorta (either before or after resection of the coarctation), precludes generalization and recommendations at this time.
Further Notes on the Treatment of a Case of Exophthalmic Goitre
Authors: D. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1895)

EXOPHTHALMTC GOITRE.[M LBJOURAL 361 all the members except one daughter were attacked, and one died.The following clinical picture fairly describes the type of disease which was met with.The onset was sudden, com- mencing with intense headache, a rigor, and rapidly attained pyrexia.Vomiting and diarrhea were often present.Pain was not an urgent symptom, and some cases might have been overlooked had I not made a point of carefully and repeatedly examining the chest.The sputum was of a gelatinous con- sistency and transparency, very tenacious and viscid, and could not be poured out of the spit-cup.During the first few days it was often lemon-coloured, or slightly marked with rusty streaks; in some cases, however, it was not even tinged with colour.Tenderness over the liver, pain at the nape of the neck, with a tendency to jaundice, were met with in a few patients.The disease, with few exceptions, was limited to one lung,