tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insights into Inflammation and Influenza
Authors: Cameron Simmons, Jeremy Farrar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Asia and their spread globally have delivered a timely reminder of the public health and clinical challenges an influenza pandemic would pose. It is remarkable how little patient-oriented clinical research has been conducted over the past 30 years on a disease that could cause such extensive loss of life. There is currently a single oral drug for the treatment of influenza (the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir) and no licensed parenteral drugs, although these are being developed. A key therapeutic question recently addressed by Zheng et al.1 in an animal model is whether adjunctive interventions would improve the outcome of infection.
Nicotinic Acid Side Effects and Toxicity: A Review
Authors: LOREN R. MOSHER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author reviews the literature on the possible toxicity of nicotinic acid, whose therapeutic value in the treatment of schizophrenia is still in dispute. While the drug appears to be relatively harmless, caution in prescribing it is advised, especially for women of childbearing age and for patients with a history of ulcer, gout, diabetes, or liver disease.
Increased Urinary β 2 -Microglobulin in Cadmium Exposure: Dose-Effect Relationship and Biological Significance of β 2 -Microglobulin
Authors: Kenzaburo Tsuchiya, Soichiro Iwao, Monoru Sugita, Haruhiko Sakurai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

A study on the general population from both cadmium-polluted and control areas and on cadmium alloy workers indicates that beta 2-MG in urine is very closely correlated with aging, but it indicates an association with cadmium exposure. However, the age factor is stronger than cadmium exposre in both polluted and control areas among persons without clinical proteinuria. On the other hand, cadmium exposure is most likely correlated with beta 2-MG even in nonpolluted areas. Thus it seems that there is no noneffect level of cadmium dose in affecting the elevation of beta 2-MG in urine. beta 2-MG in serum indicated a very close correlation with cadmium in blood among cadmium alloy workers. This may suggest that an increase of beta 2-MG in both blood and urine in an early stage of cadmium exposure is caused by the increased level of beta 2-MG in blood, which may be a result of stimulation due to cadmium, but not necessarily by the clinical dysfunction of reabsorption of beta 2-MG in the renal.
PURPURA AS A SYMPTOM IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Authors: H. G. PONCHER
Journal: JAMA (1935)

That purpura is a symptom of diverse causation was appreciated since its first description. In 1735 Werlhof recognized a singular disease picture among a large number of diseases characterized by purpura and called it morbus maculosus haemorrhagicus. Today the disease is known as purpura haemorrhagica, Werlhof's disease, or essential thrombocytopenic purpura. It is a chronic intermittent constitutional condition, characterized by the occurrence of purpura or mucous membrane hemorrhages in previously healthy persons without any apparent cause. The disease as it is recognized today is certainly different clinically from that which Werlhof described. His case was an acute manifestation, occurring in a girl at the time of puberty. Werlhof's original description was as follows:  A grown, strong girl recently got severe nasal hemorrhages at the time of menstruation without known cause. There flowed bright colored but foul smelling blood and at the same time a bloody sputum with thick, very dark
Illness in a friend.
Authors: T Calland
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The match had finished with its usual bonhomie and good will. We had, as often happened, been beaten by two brothers of a collective age of 130. Our collective age was 80. I returned home that Thursday evening in a tranquil state of mind and security. The summer sun sank slowly over the neighbouring churchyard casting lengthening shadows against a fire red sky. Little was I aware that the relationship with my tennis partner would rapidly take on a much more serious and painful tone. I was amused on Saturday when I saw his card among the files of patients to see me that morning. My heart lifted at the thought of a few minutes' crack and quick biting wit against one another to enliven the dull mundaneness of Saturday summer surgery. There was a long stream of Offa's Dyke knee and summer dog bites and all manner of exposed parts nipped by passing adders while their owners lay in the succulent summer bracken. The first cloud on this azure blue horizon appeared when he was ever so slightly short of breath as he walked into the room. This was well disguised by his charming and warm greeting. This way of contact was one of the great attractions of the man, his joy for living and for his friends. The cold clinical facts showed an area of consolidation in his right lung, with a cough introducing the illness four weeks earlier. There was no fever. Suddenly this man, who had walked laughing off the tennis court with me only 48 hours before, looked ill. I felt a chill go through me, a feeling I increasingly recognise as a prognostication of disaster. Fighting hard against this little man in my head and gut telling me what I did not wish to hear, I arranged an emergency x ray examination for my friend. Lobar pneumonia, effusion but apyrexial?I shuddered at the prospect of a 44 year old with a bronchial carcinoma. The poker face was down now. With a smiling countenance and as much reassurance as I could muster I made optimistic noises about pneumonia, mycoplasma, and the power of tetracycline. He left to go home to bed. I spoke to his wife on the telephone; more reassuring platitudes but a caveat of a further x ray examination and perhaps a referral. As I sat back into my surgery chair it felt as if my head would sink into my chest and my bones would crumble under the possibility that faced me. If and only if this turned nasty: the effects of such an illness ran through my mind. I was one sort of professional in the village, he another. We were of the same age, same interests, and the same social circles. After only a few seconds of such thoughts my mind fused, a useful psychological trick we all possess to shut off the unacceptable. Five days later he was feeling better, although the clinical signs had changed little. A repeat x ray examination, which I hoped with all my heart might show an improvement, had cleared enough only to show what I had feared and dreaded most. A bronchoscopy was arranged for the following day and it was with a heavy tread and an immense weight on my shoulders that I made my promised visit.
Bone Scintigraphy in a Patient With Polymyositis
Authors: ALFONS CUARTERO-PLAZA, NURIA MARTf-GASULLA, JOSEP BLANCH-RUBIO, EMILI MARTfNEZ-MIRALLES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 81-year-old woman who underwent resection of a primary recto-sigmoid adenocarcinoma 14 months previously had musculoskeletal pain and weakness of the proximal limb muscles, facial erythema, and weight loss for 1 month. The bone scan showed intense and heterogeneous uptake in the proximal limb muscles. Because no other scintigraphic abnormalities were seen, a diagnosis of dermatomyositis-polymyositis was considered and, later, confirmed by enzymatic, electromyographic, and muscle blopsy findings. The association of this disease with neoplasia (old or new) remained uncertain.
Impaired Cellular Immunity in Kwashiorkor with Improvement after Therapy
Authors: J. Geefhuysen, E. U. Rosen, J. Katz, T. Ipp, J. Metz
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Children with kwashiorkor showed a high incidence of deranged cellular immunity as evidenced by impairment of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to candida and diphtheria toxoid antigens and of lymphocyte transformation after phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. This may contribute to their susceptibility to infection. A correlation was shown between the degree of impairment of tests of cellular immunity and the severity of the kwashiorkor. Once recovery was initiated the skin tests gave the expected positive results and the lymphocyte transformation index improved. Protein deprivation may result in impaired deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and in atrophy of both the thymus and the lymphoid tissue.
Basic Contributions to Medicine by Research in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Allan C. Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN REALITY there is no logical reason why all areas of medical specialization should demonstrate the same growth pattern. There is no estrus cycle to point toward a common period of conception, and no Wetzel grid to bespeak a common rate of growth. Nevertheless—partially, I presume, because we are by nature a comparative and competitive people—there seems to be a tendency to compare and contrast with each other the stages of development of the various areas of medical specialization. Actually it is more reasonable to assume, and our history would sustain such an assumption, that both the rate and the direction of the growth pattern for each speciality is overwhelmingly dictated by the urgency of the clinical problems facing it. No matter how isolated the investigator tries to be, no matter how loudly he proclaims that he is interested in physiology for itself rather than for its ultimate application to
Exercise-Induced Asthma
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Mary Jean Moore, E. R. McFadden, R. H. Ingram
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

OF the known triggers of asthma, allergens and exercise have received the most attention. Both are powerful, naturally occurring precipitants, but exercise is a potential factor in the daily life of every asthmatic, whereas allergens only affect some persons with asthma. Nevertheless, more is known about the effects of antigens on pulmonary mechanics, partly because the stimulus that initiates the bronchoconstriction is well defined and easily controlled, and thus the relation between stimulus and response can be quantified. In exercise-induced asthma, this quantitative relation is unknown. Without this information, it has been difficult to determine how muscular work produces airway . . .
IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS IN ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER
Authors: Arild E. Hansen
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The fundamental cause of rheumatic fever remains obscure; nevertheless, progress is being made in conquering this disease, a leading killer of school age children and a leading cause of cardiac crippling in youth and young adults. The significant observation 1 that active rheumatic involvement may be nipped in the bud by the early administration of corticotropin (ACTH) or cortisone places even greater responsibility on the practicing physician. Practically all children acutely ill with rheumatic fever are first seen in the home or the office; hence the path is clear—every physician who sees children in his everyday practice must be thoroughly familiar with all clinical aspects of acute rheumatic fever and must be constantly on the alert for its occurrence.  MANIFESTATIONS  The first objective is to become increasingly familiar with the early manifestations of the disorder. Few diseases approach rheumatic fever with respect to variety as well as variability in intensity
Extraskeletal Intraspinal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma; 18F-FDG PET/CT Finding
Authors: EunSeong Lee, Ho Young Lee, Gheeyoung Choe, Ki-Jeong Kim, Won Woo Lee, Sang Eun Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare and aggressive form of chondrosarcoma. The extraskeletal intraspinal type is even rare among the mesenchymal chondrosarcoma cases. We presented a case of a 17-year-old boy pathologically diagnosed with intraspinal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. MRI showed multiple intradural extramedullary masses with contrast enhancement, without the evidence of brain lesion. On F-FDG PET/CT, hypermetabolism was observed in the lesions matched with enhancement on spine MRI. The lesions were well differentiated from spinal cord. In the case of hypermetabolic lesion in intradural and extramedullary lesion of the spinal cord, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma should be considered for the differential diagnosis.
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2007. I. Experimental studies. Clinical studies: brain injury and neurology, renal failure and endocrinology
Authors: Massimo Antonelli, Elie Azoulay, Marc Bonten, Jean Chastre, Giuseppe Citerio, Giorgio Conti, Daniel De Backer, François Lemaire, Herwig Gerlach, Johan Groeneveld, Goran Hedenstierna, Duncan Macrae, Jordi Mancebo, Salvatore M. Maggiore, Alexandre Mebazaa, Philipp Metnitz, Jerôme Pugin, Jan Wernerman, Haibo Zhang
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2007. I. Experimental studies. Clinical studies : brain injury and neurology, renal failure and endocrinology
Functional Repair of Human Donor Lungs by IL-10 Gene Therapy
Authors: Marcelo Cypel, Mingyao Liu, Matt Rubacha, Jonathan C. Yeung, Shin Hirayama, Masaki Anraku, Masaaki Sato, Jeffrey Medin, Beverly L. Davidson, Marc de Perrot, Thomas K. Waddell, Arthur S. Slutsky, Shaf Keshavjee
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2009)

Treatment of damaged donor lungs with the cytokine interleukin-10 improves their function, allowing previously unacceptable organs to be used for transplantation.
Development of MEDI4736, an anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Julie Brahmer, Ani Balmanoukian, Sarah Goldberg, Sai-Hong Ou, Andrew Blake-Haskins, Joyson Karakunnel, Paul Stockman, Naiyer Rizvi, Scott Antonia
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts MEDI4736 is an engineered human IgG1 that blocks PD-L1 binding to PD-1 and allows T-cells to recognize and kill tumor. MEDI4736 has single-agent activity and potential for further increased activity in combination. A comprehensive development programme is underway in NSCLC, as
Frank Davidoff Named Editor of Annals
Authors: Jock Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Editorials1 January 1995Frank Davidoff Named Editor of AnnalsJock Murray, OC, MD, FRCPC, FACPJock Murray, OC, MD, FRCPC, FACPSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Occasionally, but only occasionally, someone appears to be made for the job. Frank Davidoff's breadth of experience in clinical and academic medicine, his leadership in educational programming and research, his experience in communications, and his thoughtful medical writings indicate that he was made for the job of Editor of Annals of Internal Medicine.Under the long leadership of Ed Huth, and, more recently, that of Suzanne and Bob Fletcher, Annals has advanced and evolved. It is now ready for the guiding hand of one of the most accomplished innovators in this new era of medical learning and communication. As Jim ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByConflicts between Commercial and Scientific Interests in Pharmaceutical Advertising for Medical Journals 1 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 1Page: 67KeywordsAcademic medicineEndocrinologyHospital medicineMedical educationMedical servicesReasoningResidencySub-specialty careSurgeonsUndergraduates Issue Published: 1 January 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Complications of Nasoenteric Tubes
Authors: Warren D. Widmann
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In the article entitled Pneumothorax as a Complication of Placement of a Nasoenteric Tube, 1  the authors suggested that a roentgenogram of the chest should be obtained to confirm the precise location of the nasoenteric tube, presumably to avoid initiation of tube feeding in cases involving perforation of the lung with resultant intrapleural instillation of fluid. The authors correctly considered that most of the misplaced tubes would indeed follow the usual path of entering into the right mainstem bronchus and, if a stiffening tube were used, perforation into the right pleural cavity would result. However, in occasional cases the misplacement and malpositioning may follow the left mainstem bronchus and then the nasoenteric tube, as visualized by a roentgenogram, will appear to be in the correct position, when, in fact, it is retrocardiac and in the posterior diaphragmatic sulcus rather than in the stomach.  I agree that aspiration
TCT-277 Synergy of Drug Coated Balloons plus Second-generation Drug Eluting Stents versus Second-generation Drug Eluting Stents: A Propensity Matched Analysis
Authors: Hiroyoshi Kawamoto, Azeem Latib, Katsumasa Sato, Tadashi Miyazaki, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Filippo Figini, Alaide Chieffo, Matteo Montorfano, Mauro Carlino, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Single Oral Doses of CH4987655 in Healthy Volunteers: Target Suppression Using a Biomarker
Authors: Lucy Lee, Huifeng Niu, Ruediger Rueger, Yuriko Igawa, Jonathan Deutsch, Nobuya Ishii, Song Mu, Yuuichiro Sakamoto, Rachel Busse-Reid, Claude Gimmi, Petra Goelzer, Stefanie De Schepper, Yashushi Yoshimura, Joanne Barrett, Yuji Ishikawa, Georges Weissgerber, Richard Peck
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

CH4987655 (RO4987655) is an orally active and highly selective small-molecule MEK inhibitor. It potently inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway activation and tumor cell growth, with an in vitro IC(50) of 5.2 nmol/L for inhibition of MEK1/2. Single-agent oral administration of CH4987655 resulted in complete tumor regressions in xenograft models.All 40 subjects received a single oral dose followed by 72 hrs of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety/tolerability assessments. The pharmacodynamics were measured by changes in phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) levels in a surrogate tissue peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo stimulated by PMA.Doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg were safe and well tolerated. No clinically significant safety event was observed. A total of 26 adverse events (n = 15) were reported: 21 mild, 5 moderate, and none severe. Moderate adverse events were experienced by one subject at 1 mg (autonomic nervous system imbalance) and three subjects at 4 mg (diarrhea, abdominal pain, autonomic nervous system and acne). CH4987655 was rapidly absorbed with a t(max) of approximately 1 h. Exposures were dose proportional from 0.5 to 4 mg. The disposition was biphasic with a terminal t(1/2) of approximately 25 hr. Intersubject variability was low, 9% to 23% for C(max) and 14% to 25% for area-under-the-curve (AUC). pERK inhibition was exposure dependent and was greater than 80% inhibition at higher doses. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship was characterized by an inhibitory E(max) model (E(max) approximately 100%; IC(50) 40.6 ng/mL) using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling.A significant extent of pERK inhibition was achieved for a single dose that was considered to be safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers.
Genetic Counseling: A Consumers' View
Authors: Claire O. Leonard, Gary A. Chase, Barton Childs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Parents of families containing children with cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, and Down's syndrome were asked questions designed to discover their understanding of the genetic counseling that they received. Evidence given by these families suggests that reproductive attitudes are determined more by the sense of burden imparted by the disease than by knowledge of its precise risk figures. Although all the families had been counseled, about 1/2 had a good grasp of the information given, 1/4 gained something, and 1/4 learned very little. This variation is probably due to differences in the contexts in which the counseling was provided, including variable skills of the physicians who provided it, but it is also associated with the knowledge of biology and the perception of the usefulness of the counseling that the parents brought to it. Investigation of public comprehension and awareness of this aspect of medical care thus appears to be necessary.
Early membrane damage during coronary reperfusion in dogs. Detection by radiolabeled anticardiac myosin (Fab')2.
Authors: L H Frame, J A Lopez, B A Khaw, J T Fallon, E Haber, W J Powell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

There is currently great interest in acute coronary reperfusion as a therapeutic modality for severe myocardial ischemia. While some studies have demonstrated a reduction in the overall extent of necrosis by early reperfusion, other studies have identified potentially deleterious effects produced by reflow. Because membrane disruption may be an important mechanism of irreversible cell injury, we measured changes in cell membrane integrity early during reperfusion using radiolabeled anticardiac myosin (Fab')2 antibody fragments in dogs. Our method involved brief periods of exposure to the (Fab')2 so that the levels of (Fab')2 binding indicated the degree of membrane disruption at discrete times during the progression of cell injury. In the first protocol (Fab')2 fragments labeled with either 125I and 131I were injected into the left circumflex coronary artery at the onset of reflow and at 45 min of reflow after a 1-h circumflex artery occlusion. Coronary sinus flow was diverted for 5 min following each injection to prevent recirculation. The (Fab')2 binding ratio (ischemic/control) increased during the first 45 min of reflow in each of eight experiments (mean increase 170%, P less than 0.01). No significant increase in (Fab')2 binding was observed in five additional experiments in which nonspecific (Fab')2 was injected. This indicates that the increase in binding seen with antimyosin-specific (Fab')2 was due to changes in specific binding rather than to alterations in (Fab')2 delivery produced by changes in blood flow distribution. The increase in membrane damage during reflow was confirmed by a second protocol in which each animal received only a single left atrial injection of (Fab')2 followed by rapid excision of the heart. The (Fab')2 binding ratio was 1.7 +/- 0.3 (SEM) in the group that received (Fab')2 at the onset of reflow and 3.7 +/- 0.6 (SEM) (P less than 0.05) in the group that received (Fab')2 after 45 min of reflow. In a third set of experiments in which hyperosmotic mannitol was infused during reflow the mean increase in (Fab')2 binding using the first protocol was only 80 +/- 40 vs. 170 +/- 30% without mannitol (P less than 0.05). Thus, membrane damage develops early during coronary reperfusion following 1 h of circumflex coronary artery occlusion, and part of this membrane damage can be prevented by altering the conditions of reflow. A method involving brief exposure of the myocardium to antimyosin (Fab')2 is promising for detecting changes in membrane integrity during evolving ischemic injury.