tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term effectiveness of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide therapy in orofacial granulomatosis: an observational cohort study
Authors: S. Fedele, P.P.L. Fung, N. Bamashmous, A. Petrie, S. Porter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

It has been suggested that intralesional triamcinolone injections represent a safe and effective therapeutic strategy in controlling the permanent disfiguring swelling of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG). However, robust supporting evidence is lacking, due to the variable and inconsistent design of available studies.To investigate whether a standardized regimen of intralesional triamcinolone has beneficial long-term effects on orofacial swelling of OFG. We also studied potential associations with a number of prognostic factors.We designed a retrospective observational study of a homogeneous cohort of 22 well-phenotyped patients with OFG. The primary outcome was defined as a statistically significant decrease in post-treatment disease severity. Statistically significant association with prognostic factors was the secondary outcome. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and logistic regression.Compared with pretreatment, there were statistically significant decreases in disease severity scores at all time points until 48 months post-treatment (P < 0·01). Logistic regression analysis showed there was no independent prognostic variable of statistical significance (P > 0·05). The majority of patients (14/22, 63·6%) received one course of intralesional triamcinolone and did not experience disease recurrence. The mean disease-free period after the first course of intralesional therapy was 28·9 ± 18 months (95% confidence interval 28·7-29·1). No adverse effects were reported.This is the first study to have employed robust cohort methodology and sound statistics to demonstrate long-term effectiveness of intralesional triamcinolone in controlling the disfiguring swelling of OFG. Because of limitations inherent in observational studies, further research in the form of randomized case-control trials is needed to confirm the present findings.
Dietary exposure to cadmium and health effects: impact of environmental changes.
Authors: M Piscator
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Cadmium exposure, metabolism, and effects are described especially in relation to dietary intakes. Data on dietary intakes in several countries have been complied from studies using the duplicate diet method or fecal analysis. These two methods seem to give more accurate data than estimates based on cadmium concentrations in food classes and food consumption (composite method). The present data on absorption and retention of ingested cadmium indicate that normally less than 5% is ingested, but absorption may increase in women who have iron deficiency. Earlier estimates of the critical concentration in renal cortex being about 200 mg/kg wet weight still seem to be valid. New information is available on present renal levels and their distribution in the general population. The present margin of safety with regard to risk for renal effects is small. To predict future health risks from increases in dietary cadmium due to environmental changes such as acid deposition, it is necessary that the models used are based on correct assumptions. Of interest are the distributions of dietary intake, gastrointestinal absorption, and renal cadmium concentrations. These distributions are normal or lognormal, and since standard deviations are used when estimating risks, it is of paramount importance that the standard deviations are estimated as accurately as possible. At present it is not possible to quantify the effects attributed to acid rain only; account must be also be taken of cadmium added to, e.g., soil by use of sewage sludge and other fertilizers. In addition to risks to human health, cadmium also poses a threat to horses, which generally have renal cadmium concentrations several times higher than adult humans. It is recommended that horses should be monitored in areas when acid deposition is high. Such monitoring might provide valuable information about impact of acid rain.
General Remarks on the Practice of Medicine
Authors: P. M. Latham
Journal: BMJ (1863)

AFFECTIONS, NOT ORGANIC.I.-General View of thte Subject.Tlhe Pulse.IT is always desirable to trace out the just limit of a subject, and to note the right places within it for all known facts; and also where kindred facts, hereafter to be known, may take up their places beside them.This I some years ago sought to do, as far as my observation then enabled me, for the subject of dis- eases of the Heart (Lectutres on Clinical Medicine, comprising Diseases of the Ileart).It was a sketch only that I attempted.But the facts there consi- dered, numerous as they are, and facts of the like nature hereafter to be known, numerous as they may be, would go to make up a part only of the
Noninvasive visualization of the left main coronary artery by cross-sectional echocardiography.
Authors: A E Weyman, H Feigenbaum, J C Dillon, K W Johnston, R C Eggleton
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Real time cross-sectional echocardiographic studies of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) were performed in 15 normal patients, 15 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease but normal left main coronary segments, three patients with greater than 75% obstruction of the left main coronary artery, and one patient with a larger aneurysm of the left main coronary artery. In normal subjects the LMCA evaginates from in inferolateral wall of the aorta. The artery appears as two dominant parallel linear echoes separated by a clear space representing the lumen of the vessel. The LMCA courses beneath the right ventricular outflow tract and can generally be followed to its expected point of bifurcation. Confirmation that this structure was in fact the LMCA was obtained by injection of cardiogreen dye directly into the LMCA in two cases and by visualization of dye in this structure following aortic flush in one case. In the three cases with obstructive lesions of the LMCA, there was an area of inward bending of the parallel vessel wall echoes resulting in varying degrees of narrowing of the arterial lumen. In the case with the aneurysmal dilatation of the LMCA, an echo-free circular bulge in the distal portion of the LMCA was recorded. This study demonstrates the fesibility of recording the left main coronary artery using the cross-sectional echocardiographic technique.
Dielectric changes in membrane properties and cell interiors of human mesothelial cells in vitro after crocidolite asbestos exposure.
Authors: E Dopp, L Jonas, B Nebe, A Budde, E Knippel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Asbestos induces cytogenetic and genotoxic effects in cultured cell lines in vitro. For further investigations of the fiber-induced cellular changes, electrorotation (ROT) measurements can be used to determine early changes of surface properties and dielectric cellular changes. In the present study, human mesothelial cells (HMC) were exposed to nontoxic concentrations of crocidolite asbestos (1 microg/cm(2)) for 12, 24, 30, 50, and 72 hr, and were investigated for changes in dielectric properties, morphologic and biochemical changes using ROT measurements, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry, respectively. The results of ROT measurements revealed slightly increased internal conductivity and decreased membrane conductance of HMC during the first 12 hr of exposure to crocidolite. This may be due to functional changes of ion channels of the cellular membrane. However, after exposures of &gt;= 30 hr, reduced internal conductivity and increased membrane conductance of HMC occurred. These effects may be caused by permeabilization of the cell membrane and the leakage of ions into the surrounding medium. The membrane capacitance of HMC is always decreased during exposure of cells to crocidolite fibers. This decreased membrane capacitance may result from the observed reduction in the number of microvilli and from the shrinkage of cells as observed by electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Changes in composition of the plasma membrane were also observed after the labeling of phosphatidylserines (PS) on the cell surface. These observed changes can be related to apoptotic events. Whereas during the first 50 hr of exposure only a small number of HMC with increased exposure of PS on the cell surface was detected by flow cytometry, the dielectric properties of HMC showed marked changes during this time. Our results show that surface property changes of the cellular membrane of HMC as well as interior dielectric changes occur after the exposure of cells to crocidolite fibers. The observed changes are discussed in terms of complex combined cellular effects after amphibole asbestos exposure.
TYPE 2 DIABETES SIGNIFICANTLY MODULATES THE IMPACT OF LOW LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION ON THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
Authors: Christoph H. Saely, Philipp Rein, Alexander Vonbank, Tobias Gansch, Susanne Greber, Christian Boehnel, Vlado Jankovic, Vlado Jankovic, Heinz Drexel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Beyond Progressive Disease: A Retrospective Analysis for Japanese Patients with Activating EGFR Mutations
Authors: Kenichi Nishie, Tomoya Kawaguchi, Akihiro Tamiya, Tomoyasu Mimori, Naoko Takeuchi, Yoshinobu Matsuda, Naoki Omachi, Kazuhiro Asami, Kyoichi Okishio, Shinji Atagi, Tomohisa Okuma, Akihito Kubo, Yoshihito Maruyama, Shinzoh Kudoh, Minoru Takada
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
COMPARISON OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH SUBTLE OR MARKED ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: David Marti, Jose Lus Mestre, Luisa Salido, Mara Jesus Esteban, Francisco Barcia, Jaime Pey, Rosa Hernandez, Jose Zamorano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis–1978
Authors: R.D. Sweet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis–1978 Get access R.D. SWEET R.D. SWEET Plymouth General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 100, Issue 1, 1 January 1979, Pages 93–99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb03573.x Published: 01 January 1979
Alcoholism and rising mortality in the Russian Federation
Authors: M. McKee, L. Chenet
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's diseaseAnosmia is a common finding EDrroR,-Niall Quinn's review on the recognition and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism' omits an important point-namely, that at least 70% of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease have a defective or absent sense of smell.23About 90% of patients have rigidity and akinesia, and hence impairment of the sense of smell would be the second commonest feature of this condition, at least equalling tremor in its frequency of occur- rence.About half of patients are aware of this defect, and it is suspected, although not yet proved, that anosmia may precede the onset of the motor aspects ofidiopathic Parkinson's disease.This observation has important clinical consequences.If one suspects a patient to have idio- pathic Parkinson's disease and the result of a simple bedside test of olfaction is normal then the diagnosis should be questioned.In progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson syndrome), which may simulate idiopathic Parkinson's disease, olfaction is normal.4Furthermore, provisional information suggests that patients with benign essential tremor also have normal smell identifica- tion scores.'This might not permit the distinction from benign tremulous Parkinson's disease as our limited data suggest that olfaction is normal in this rare variety ofparkinsonism.An ideal test for olfactory identification is the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test.Unfortunately, this is quite expensive, but a preliminary assessment may be made with every- day odours such as chocolate, orange peel, coffee, rose, and vanilla.As long as local nasal disease is excluded an important clinical sign may be documented.
Risk Prediction Models for Incident Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Kylie Vuong, Kevin McGeechan, Bruce K. Armstrong, Anne E. Cust
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Currently, there is no comprehensive assessment of melanoma risk prediction models.To systematically review published studies reporting multivariable risk prediction models for incident primary cutaneous melanoma for adults.EMBASE, MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched to April 30, 2013. Eligible studies were hand searched and citation tracked. Two independent reviewers extracted information.Nineteen studies reporting 28 melanoma prediction models were included. The number of predictors in the final models ranged from 2 to 13; the most common were nevi, skin type, freckle density, age, hair color, and sunburn history. There was limited reporting and substantial variation among the studies in model development and performance. Discrimination (the ability of the model to differentiate between patients with and without melanoma) was reported in 9 studies and ranged from fair to very good (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.62-0.86). Few studies assessed internal or external validity of the models or their use in clinical and public health practice. Of the published melanoma risk prediction models, the risk prediction tool developed by Fears and colleagues, which was designed for the US population, appears to be the most clinically useful and may also assist in identifying high-risk groups for melanoma prevention strategies.Few melanoma risk prediction models have been comprehensively developed and assessed. More external validation and prospective evaluation will help translate melanoma risk prediction models into useful tools for clinical and public health practice.
855 IMPORTANCE OF STAT3 AND PDK1/AKT PATHWAYS IN LIVER REGENERATION IN A MOUSE HEPATECTOMY MODEL: ROLES OF CELL PROLIFERATION AND SIZE
Authors: M. Ozaki, S. Haga, H. Inoue, Y. Okamoto, W. Ogawa, K. Terui, N. Morita, K. Takeda, S. Akira, S. Todo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Clinical Neurophysiology
Authors: GUNNAR HEUSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Modern methods for electrical recording from the central nervous system of man go beyond the routine use of the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). Evoked responses to sensory input can be used to investigate the subjective complaint of sensory deficit (for example, numbness, deafness). Much can be learned from sleep studies during which scalp EEG, neck electromyogram (EMG), extraocular movements, and EKG are monitored. These studies help to define sleep disturbances (for example, insomnia) and abnormalities in central nervous system (CNS) maturation (as in autistic children). In certain patients with significant neurological or psychiatric disease the routine scalp EEG may well be normal, whereas chronically implanted subcortical macroelectrodes show marked localized seizure activity. Both subcortical EEG and cellular discharges (units) can be monitored in patients with chronically implanted microelectrodes. This method permits exact localization and computer analysis of changes in cell firing. All these data (EEG, units, EMG, EKG, and so forth) can now be telemetered and, if necessary, transmitted long-distance by telephone line. This makes it possible to record from an unrestrained, freely moving subject in his natural environment, at home or at work.
A Genome-Wide Screen for Promoter Methylation in Lung Cancer Identifies Novel Methylation Markers for Multiple Malignancies
Authors: David S Shames, Luc Girard, Boning Gao, Mitsuo Sato, Cheryl M Lewis, Narayan Shivapurkar, Aixiang Jiang, Charles M Perou, Young H Kim, Jonathan R Pollack, Kwun M Fong, Chi-Leung Lam, Maria Wong, Yu Shyr, Rita Nanda, Olufunmilayo I Olopade, William Gerald, David M Euhus, Jerry W Shay, Adi F Gazdar, John D Minna
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background Promoter hypermethylation coupled with loss of heterozygosity at the same locus results in loss of gene function in many tumor cells. The "rules" governing which genes are methylated during the pathogenesis of individual cancers, how specific methylation profiles are initially established, or what determines tumor type-specific methylation are unknown. However, DNA methylation markers that are highly specific and sensitive for common tumors would be useful for the early detection of cancer, and those required for the malignant phenotype would identify pathways important as therapeutic targets. Methods and Findings In an effort to identify new cancer-specific methylation markers, we employed a high-throughput global expression profiling approach in lung cancer cells. We identified 132 genes that have 5′ CpG islands, are induced from undetectable levels by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine in multiple non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and are expressed in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells. As expected, these genes were also expressed in normal lung, but often not in companion primary lung cancers. Methylation analysis of a subset (45/132) of these promoter regions in primary lung cancer (n = 20) and adjacent nonmalignant tissue (n = 20) showed that 31 genes had acquired methylation in the tumors, but did not show methylation in normal lung or peripheral blood cells. We studied the eight most frequently and specifically methylated genes from our lung cancer dataset in breast cancer (n = 37), colon cancer (n = 24), and prostate cancer (n = 24) along with counterpart nonmalignant tissues. We found that seven loci were frequently methylated in both breast and lung cancers, with four showing extensive methylation in all four epithelial tumors. Conclusions By using a systematic biological screen we identified multiple genes that are methylated with high penetrance in primary lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancers. The cross-tumor methylation pattern we observed for these novel markers suggests that we have identified a partial promoter hypermethylation signature for these common malignancies. These data suggest that while tumors in different tissues vary substantially with respect to gene expression, there may be commonalities in their promoter methylation profiles that represent targets for early detection screening or therapeutic intervention.
Erratum: Asthma, Rhinitis, and Skin Test Reactivity to Aeroallergens in Families of Asthmatic Subjects in Anqing, China
Authors: Xiping Xu, Scott T. Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

In industrialized countries with a Western lifestyle, sensitization to perennial aeroallergens is strongly associated with asthma, whereas sensitization to seasonal aeroallergens is closely related to allergic rhinitis. Little is known, however, about the relation between skin test reactivity to aeroallergens and either asthma or rhinitis in mainland China. We studied 10,009 members of 2,544 families in Anqing (China) that were selected on the basis of physician-diagnosed asthma in at least two siblings. Generalized estimating equations were employed to study the association between skin test reactivity to aeroallergens and either asthma or rhinitis. After adjustment for age, sex, intensity of smoking, skin test reactivity to other aeroallergens, and household correlations, sensitization to dust mite was an independent predictor of both asthma (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.5, p = 0.008) and rhinitis (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.8, p = 0.04). Sensitization to mold was significantly associated with asthma (O...
Relative Corticosteroid Insensitivity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Severe Asthma
Authors: Mark Hew, Pankaj Bhavsar, Alfons Torrego, Sally Meah, Nadia Khorasani, Peter J. Barnes, Ian Adcock, Kian Fan Chung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Patients with severe asthma have a poor therapeutic response to corticosteroid therapy, and corticosteroid responsiveness cannot be easily measured in these patients. We hypothesized that this poor response is associated with a reduced effect of corticosteroids to inhibit cytokine release from activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Patients with severe asthma were defined by American Thoracic Society criteria. We compared the suppression of LPS-induced cytokine release (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP] 1alpha, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-8, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) by dexamethasone from PBMCs of patients with severe asthma (n = 16), patients with nonsevere asthma (n = 19), and normal volunteers (n = 10).There was no difference in baseline spontaneous or stimulated release of these cytokines among groups. LPS-induced release of 10 cytokines was less suppressed by dexamethasone (10(-6) M) in patients with severe asthma compared with patients with nonsevere asthma, with statistical significance achieved for IL-1beta (p < 0.03), IL-8 (p < 0.03), and MIP-1alpha (p < 0.003), and borderline significance for IL-6 (p = 0.054). There was less difference between the two groups for dexamethasone at 10(-8) M. Nuclear histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase activities were reduced in patients with severe asthma compared with patients with nonsevere asthma (p < 0.01). HDAC activity reduction correlated directly to the degree of steroid insensitivity of GM-CSF (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) and IFN-gamma (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) release. Reduction in histone acetyltransferase activity related to corticosteroid use rather than asthma severity.Patients with severe asthma have diminished corticosteroid sensitivity of PBMCs when compared with patients with nonsevere asthma, associated with a reduction in HDAC activity that parallels the impaired corticosteroid sensitivity.
Annular Subvalvular Left Ventricular Aneurysms in the South African Bantu
Authors: ELLIOT CHESLER, NORMAN JOFFE, LEO SCHAMROTH, ANTHONY MEYERS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The clinical, radiologic, morbid anatomic, and histologic features of six cases of annular subvalvular left ventricular aneurysms occurring in African subjects are described. The problems of surgical repair are emphasized and the possibilities of antemortem diagnosis discussed.
ABC of dermatology. Autoimmunity and skin disease.
Authors: D J Gawkrodger
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Autoimmunityis the state where the normal mechanisms oftolerance to selfantigens are broken down.Autoantibbodepmndautoantigen specific T ;lymphocytes develop.A ! _ VS18 ~Auroanuioouiesma*yoe.prouutceaagainst an organ specific antigen--for mpie, bujlciusp phigoid antigen-or against avery widely distributed *antgen such as DNA,.'asin-lupus erythematosus.Not surprisingly, the tesulting.diseaseabe organ specific or non-organ specific Thepathogenesis is ismtnn-eN .-complexItis not smfhe effect o qfT lymphocytes , , lockingon to autoattibody coated target calls with subsequent cell death('¢cyotonc" hypersensitivity); damage due to the deposition of circulatigimmune coOmpleexes; or, in some instancescel mediated ("4elayed") hyperscti sitivityq related pq ecially sezisitised T cells-.in thcono of imm
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and combined hepatic arterial ischemia (HAI) for unresectable 3–6 cm hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A prospective study
Authors: J. Coppa, F. Garbagnati, A. Marchiano, M. Schiavo, C. Spreafico, D. Sarli, S. Perrone, A. Pulvirenti, R. Romito, E. Regalia, V. Mazzaferro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)