tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise prescription--North American experience.
Authors: R. J. Shephard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

The principles of exercise prescription are reviewed with respect to North American experience. The required regimen must be safe, therapeutically effective, and ensure a high rate of compliance. Precautions to increase the safety of exercise are discussed. Cardiac emergencies are sufficiently rare events (less than 1 in 200,000 hours even in post-coronary classes) that the need for immediate medical supervision of a well-designed programme can be questioned. The prime determinant of the response to training is the intensity of effort relative to the individual's initial fitness. Post-coronary patients often have a great potential for training due to their previous inactivity, but this will not be realised if the prescribed exercise is of insufficient intensity. Exercise programmes are plagued by a high 'drop-out' rate; 50% of normal middle-aged volunteers are lost in 6 months, and even with post-coronary programmes losses can be 60--70% over 4 years. Simple suggestions are made for improving compliance with the required exercise prescription.
Confounders in chronic stress at work and metabolic syndrome
Authors: John S Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Chandola et al have fallen into the trap of confusing a clinical clustering of risk factors, the metabolic syndrome, with a physiological construct.1 Their definition of metabolic syndrome is that of the NCEPATP III, a panel concerned with clinical identification of subjects at high cardiovascular risk. The panel report notes that excess body fat (particularly abdominal obesity) is an …
Effect of air pollution on chronic respiratory disease in the New York city metropolitan area, 1972.
Authors: S P Lan, C Shy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The effect of air pollution on chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) was examined in a study in the New York metropolitan area in 1972. Four study communities, sites A, B, C and D, were selected for the similarity of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Historically, these communities represented an increasing gradient of air pollution levels. However, after air quality improvement in the metropolitan area, Site A had only slightly lower pollution levels than sites B, C and D. In the examination of chronic respiratory symptoms, study hypotheses were established to correspond with historical levels of air pollution. The study population was drawn from parents of children attending elementary school in each site. Information was obtained by means of a questionnaire modified from the 1966 BMRC questionnaire. The analysis was based on 5416 white long-term residents without occupational exposure to irritant dust and fumes. Confounding factors, including smoking status, age, level of education of head-of-household and crowding within the home, were examined. Smoking was found to be the most important factor in determining the level of severity of CRD. The effect of air pollution showed differential patterns among the smokers and nonsmokers. Among the smokers, no air pollution effect was observed. However, among nonsmokers, a statistically significant difference was observed among females. Further, among male nonsmokers a similar pattern was observed, but the effect was not statistically significant. Other possible factors that could contribute to the difference are discussed.
Nail dystrophy due to diabetic neuropathy.
Authors: R J Mann, J L Burton
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Nail dystrophy due to diabetic neuropathyNail changes may occur in diabetics in association with trophic changes or ischaemia.We describe a diabetic patient in whom fingernail dystrophy occurred as a result of a bilateral ulnar neuropathy. Case reportA 72-year-old man presented in 1979 with a two-year history of changes affecting the nails of the ring and little fingers of both hands.During this time he had experienced numbness and tingling of these fingers and some difficulty in moving them.He had also had numbness and tingling of both feet for 17 years and difficulty in moving the right foot for one year.A known diabetic since 1962 with retinopathy and glaucoma, when seen he was taking glibenclamide 15 mg daily, metformin 500 mg twice daily, and acetazolamide 500 mg daily.Examination showed shortening, fragility, and yellow discolouration of
Preferential activation of the complement system in the lower epidermis of patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: None Lapiere, None Guitart, None Ettlin, None Chen, None Amagai, None Chan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an immune‐mediated blistering skin disease characterized by acantholysis of the suprabasal epidermis and by IgG autoantibodies targeting a desmosomal component, desmoglein 3. IgG alone has been demonstrated to induce acantholysis in some experimental conditions. The role of the complement system in blister formation in PV remains controversial. We describe four consecutive patients with new‐onset PV. The acantholytic process occurred in the lower epidermis and colocalized with deposition of complement C3 and the membrane attack complex C5b‐9. The colocalization of complement deposition with the acantholytic process in the lower epidermis supports a role for the complement system in blister formation in PV.
Human Mena+11a Isoform Serves as a Marker of Epithelial Phenotype and Sensitivity to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Maria S. Pino, Michele Balsamo, Francesca Di Modugno, Marcella Mottolese, Massimo Alessio, Elisa Melucci, Michele Milella, David J. McConkey, Ulrike Philippar, Frank B. Gertler, Pier Giorgio Natali, Paola Nisticò
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: hMena, member of the enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein family, is a cytoskeletal protein that is involved in the regulation of cell motility and adhesion. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the expression of hMena isoforms correlated with sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and could serve as markers with potential clinical use. Experimental Design: Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines were characterized for in vitro sensitivity to erlotinib, expression of HER family receptors, markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and expression of hMena and its isoform hMena+11a. The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and erlotinib on hMena expression as well as the effect of hMena knockdown on cell proliferation were also evaluated. Results: hMena was detected in all of the pancreatic tumor cell lines tested as well as in the majority of the human tumor samples [primary (92%) and metastatic (86%)]. Intriguingly, in vitro hMena+11a isoform was specifically associated with an epithelial phenotype, EGFR dependency, and sensitivity to erlotinib. In epithelial BxPC3 cells, epidermal growth factor up-regulated hMena/hMena+11a and erlotinib down-regulated expression. hMena knockdown reduced cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT activation in BxPC3 cells, and promoted the growth inhibitory effects of erlotinib. Conclusions: Collectively, our data indicate that the hMena+11a isoform is associated with an epithelial phenotype and identifies EGFR-dependent cell lines that are sensitive to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. The availability of anti-hMena+11a–specific probes may offer a new tool in pancreatic cancer management if these results can be verified prospectively in cancer patients.
Abstract 4617: Bioactive phytochemicals in wheat bran for colon cancer prevention
Authors: Shengmin Sang, Yingdong Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Many studies have found that dietary cereal fibers protect against colon cancer, however, not all cereal fibers are equally effective. Wheat bran is the only cereal bran that shows consistent protection against colon cancer in laboratory animal models, and corn and oat bran may enhance colon tumorigenesis. We and others have reported that phytochemicals in wheat bran instead of fiber are the major active components for colon cancer prevention. However, the active components are still unknown. Using human colon cancer cells (HCT-116 and HT-29) as the guiding assay, we further purified the active components from wheat bran using column chromatography. In this study, we identified fraction containing 5-n-alkylresorcinols (ARs) had the strongest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human HCT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cells. Further purification led to the identification of 5-n-heptadecylresorcinol (C17:0) and 5-n-nonadecylresorcinol (C19:0) as the major active components, whereas 5-n-heneicosenylresorcinol (C21:0) and 5-n-tricosylresorcinol (C23:0) had no inhibitory effects, indicating that the length of the side chain of ARs significantly affects their activities. The effects of other components in wheat bran, such as sphingolipids, will also be discussed. In summary, we identified all the major components in wheat bran and our study indicates that 5-n-alkylresorcinols are the major active colon cancer preventive agents in wheat bran and the length of the alkyl chain significantly affects 5-n-alkylresorcinols’ cancer preventive activities. 5-n-Alkylresorcinols are phenolic lipids present in high amounts in wheat bran and are not found in oat and corn bran. Our finding will help us to further understand why wheat bran inhibits and oat and corn bran (which do not contain ARs) have no effect or enhance colon carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4617. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4617
Acyclovir Plus Steroids for Herpes Zoster
Authors: Richard Whitley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 May 1997Acyclovir Plus Steroids for Herpes ZosterRichard Whitley, MD, John W. Gnann Jr., MD, and Heidi Weiss, PhDRichard Whitley, MDUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, John W. Gnann Jr., MDUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, and Heidi Weiss, PhDUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Atkins notes that the main effect of prednisone on quality-of-life end points is statistically significant when compared with that of acyclovir. Our recommendation for combination therapy is predicated on treatment effects on both quality of life and cutaneous healing. The main effect of prednisone for cutaneous crusting and total healing was not significant compared with that of acyclovir. Because acceleration of cutaneous healing may reduce the complications of herpes zoster (that is, secondary bacterial infection), we believe this to be of clinical value. This recommendation is supported by the Cox regression analyses shown in Table 1.Table ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOral Corticosteroids for Pain Associated with Herpes Zoster 15 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 10Page: 832KeywordsAnalgesicsAntiviral therapyClinical trialsQuality of lifeRegression analysisRisk ratioSleepSteroids Issue Published: 15 May 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Binding of β2–glycoprotein I to anionic phospholipids facilitates processing and presentation of a cryptic epitope that activates pathogenic autoreactive T cells
Authors: Masataka Kuwana, Eiji Matsuura, Kazuko Kobayashi, Yuka Okazaki, Junichi Kaburaki, Yasuo Ikeda, Yutaka Kawakami
Journal: Blood (2004)
Induction of labour with a sustained-release prostaglandin E2 vaginal pessary.
Authors: M P Embrey, N B Graham, M E McNeill
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A new polymer vaginal pessary providing sustained constant release of prostaglandin E2 was administered to 66 patients before planned induction of labour. Effective ripening of the unfavourable cervix was achieved in each of 18 primigravidas, in eight of whom labour was initiated without further treatment. When the cervix was moderately favourable the need for orthodox induction of labour was obviated in 16 out of 23 primigravidas and 21 out of 23 multigravidas. This method of sustained release of prostaglandin E2 is simple and convenient and readily acceptable to the patient; it is an important step in the development of non-invasive methods of inducing labour.
Preclinical Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of AP5346, A Novel Diaminocyclohexane-Platinum Tumor-Targeting Drug Delivery System
Authors: John R. Rice, Jennifer L. Gerberich, David P. Nowotnik, Stephen B. Howell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: AP5346 is designed to target a diaminocyclohexane platinum (Pt) moiety to tumors through pH-sensitive linkage to a 25 kDa hydroxypropylmethacrylamide polymer. The goal of these studies was to determine the rate of release of Pt as a function of pH, the antitumor activity, and plasma and tumor pharmacokinetics of AP5346 in preclinical models. Experimental Design: Antitumor activity was assessed in mice bearing B16F10 melanoma and M5076 and 2008 ovarian carcinomas. Pt levels in plasma, tumors, and tumor DNA were measured by atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: AP5346 did not release Pt when suspended in 5% dextrose and released only 3.5% of its Pt in 24 hours in buffer at pH 7.4; the rate of release was 7-fold higher at pH 5.4. When given at their respective maximum tolerated doses, the antitumor activity of AP5346 was superior to that of oxaliplatin against both the B16 melanoma and 2008 human ovarian carcinoma. It was more effective than cisplatin in both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant variants of the M5076 tumor. When given at equitoxic doses, the peak plasma concentration was 25-fold higher, and AUC(0-∞) was 93 times higher, for AP5346 than for oxaliplatin. AP5346 delivered 16.3-fold more Pt to the tumor and 14.2-fold more Pt to tumor DNA than oxaliplatin based on AUC(1-168). Conclusions: AP5346 has a substantially better therapeutic index than oxaliplatin. AP5346 produced a marked increase in the delivery of diaminocyclohexane Pt to the tumor and tumor DNA over and above that attainable with oxaliplatin.
ROS-Triggered Phosphorylation of Complex II by Fgr Kinase Regulates Cellular Adaptation to Fuel Use
Authors: Rebeca Acín-Pérez, Isabel Carrascoso, Francesc Baixauli, Marta Roche-Molina, Ana Latorre-Pellicer, Patricio Fernández-Silva, María Mittelbrunn, Francisco Sanchez-Madrid, Acisclo Pérez-Martos, Clifford A. Lowell, Giovanni Manfredi, José Antonio Enríquez
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Mixed-histologic-type submucosal invasive gastric cancer as a risk factor for lymph node metastasis: feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: N. Hanaoka, S. Tanabe, T. Mikami, I. Okayasu, K. Saigenji
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Corrected by: Mixed-histologic-type submucosal invasive gastric cancer as a risk factor for lymph node metastasis: feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissectionEndoscopy 2009; 41(07): 617-617DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214914
Facing the challenges of long term care
Authors: R. Windsor
Journal: BMJ (2000)

I grew up in the United States thinking that Britain was the most caring country in the world because the NHS provided free health care to everyone regardless of race, creed, age, or financial circumstances. I worked in the finest hospitals in the United States for almost 20 years, and the inequality of care provided for the “have nots” was distressing.

I married the Englishman who encouraged the NHS to deliver services more effectively by using information systems. In 1991 he developed a rare disease that took eight months to diagnose and was physically and mentally debilitating. Since then I have witnessed an appalling lack of accountability and waste of resources.

> People need to know where to obtain the right information—at the right time 

Professionals opened sterile trays to obtain a single lumbar puncture needle or sterile dressing. Patients received meals that resulted in surgery being postponed. Patients were …
Optimisation of Fluorescence Guidance During Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Sentinel Node Biopsy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gijs H. KleinJan, Nynke S. van den Berg, Oscar R. Brouwer, Jeroen de Jong, Cenk Acar, Esther M. Wit, Erik Vegt, Vincent van der Noort, Renato A. Valdés Olmos, Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen, Henk G. van der Poel
Journal: European Urology (2014)
In obesity with type 2 diabetes, duodenal-jejunal bypass liners improved weight loss and HbA<sub>1c</sub> during treatment
Authors: Lawrence J. Cheskin, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Gerard E. Mullin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Koehestanie P, de Jonge C, Berends FJ, et al. The effect of the endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass liner on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2014;260:984-92. 25072436
The vulvovaginal gingival syndrome: A severe subgroup of lichen planus with characteristic clinical features and a novel association with the class II HLA DQB1∗0201 allele
Authors: Jane F. Setterfield, Sallie Neill, Penelope J. Shirlaw, Janice Theron, Robert Vaughan, Michael Escudier, Stephen J. Challacombe, Martin M. Black
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Cardiac impairment or heart failure?: “Impairment” is no less alarming or confusing than “failure”
Authors: Atef Michael
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The release of the government's latest report on health inequalities on 11 August was curious. 1 2 Reminiscent of the covert release of the Black report on August bank holiday in 1980, the report appeared when the minister for public health was on holiday and her deputy unavailable. Personal trainersIn July 2003 the government stated that there would be an annual report from the Department of Health on health inequality indicators related to the health inequality targets.Nothing appeared for more than two years, although the data that were eventually released had been available for some time, 3 and when they did appear it was, conveniently, after the election.Even stranger, the press release for the latest report deflected attention from the key finding of widening inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality by headlining the 12 "early adopter sites" with their "health trainers." 4 The minister said, "Many people have difficulty in changing to a healthier way of life . . .Health trainers are one of the many initiatives in the white paper which will help narrow this gap by supporting people to make healthier choices in their daily lives." 4 To Labour traditionalists, opposed to victim blaming approaches to health promotion, this may have triggered memories of Conservative minister Edwina Currie admonishing the poor to buy cheap but healthy food.To New Labour, however, it may be grist to the mill.
Metabolic effects of heavy physical training on female 'age-group' swimmers.
Authors: P. S. Robinson, G. P. Caffrey, R. R. Ridinger, C. W. Steinmetz, R. L. Bartels, T. E. Shaffer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

Twelve female age-group swimmers and twelve female controls, aged ten to sixteen, performed a pre-training discontinuous maximal cycle ergometer test to determine the capacities of their anaerobic (alactacid and lactacid) and aerobic energy systems. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were determined during rest, exercise, and recovery. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise for determination of blood lactic acid concentrations. Tests were readministered to both groups immediately following the swimmers' competitive season. It was concluded that female swimmers possess significantly superior oxygen transport systems as compared to the untrained controls and that the high level of aerobic fitness is maintained throughout their training programme.
The Quality of Care in Anesthesia
Authors: Paul C. Land
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Anesthesiologists are bombarded with new drugs, equipment, and techniques that are intended to increase the surgical patient's safety. The real benefits of each novelty should be evaluated by comparison with the safety of current practices. However, the safety of current anesthesia care is unknown. The Quality of Care in Anesthesia represents a recent attempt to solve this dilemma.  The book reports a multidiscipline conference held in Pittsburgh in June 1980. The conference gathered statisticians, public health workers, engineers, drug company representatives, and anesthesia providers to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of anesthesia. The editors, Drs Grundy and Gravenstein, are respected anesthesiologists from the Universities of Pittsburgh and Florida, respectively. Discussion groups met after each session to review and summarize the presentations. The book reproduces the conference format with four sections that deal with the structure, process, outcome, and policy implications of current anesthesia care. The presentations have been contributed as
Heart-Specific Ablation of <i>Prkar1a</i> Causes Failure of Heart Development and Myxomagenesis
Authors: Zhirong Yin, Georgette N. Jones, William H. Towns, Xiaoli Zhang, E. Dale Abel, Philip F. Binkley, David Jarjoura, Lawrence S. Kirschner
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Protein kinase A signaling has long been known to play an important role in cardiac function. Dysregulation of the protein kinase A system, caused by mutation of the protein kinase A regulatory subunit gene PRKAR1A, causes the inherited tumor syndrome Carney complex, which includes cardiac myxomas as one of its cardinal features. Mouse models of this genetic defect have been unsatisfactory because homozygote null animals die early in development and heterozygotes do not exhibit a cardiac phenotype.To study the cardiac-specific effects resulting from complete loss of Prkar1a, we used cre-lox technology to generate mice lacking this protein specifically in cardiomyocytes. Conditional knockout mice died at day 11.5 to 12.5 of embryogenesis with thin-walled, dilated hearts. These hearts showed elevated protein kinase A activity and decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation before demise. Analysis of the expression of transcription factors required for cardiogenesis revealed downregulation of key cardiac transcription factors such as the serum response factor, Gata4, and Nkx2-5. Although heart wall thickness was reduced overall, specific areas exhibited morphological changes consistent with myxomatous degeneration in the walls of knockout hearts.Loss of Prkar1a from the heart causes a failure of proper myocardial development with subsequent cardiac failure and embryonic demise. These changes appear to be due to suppression of cardiac-specific transcription by increased protein kinase A activity. These biochemical changes lead to myxoma-like changes, indicating that these mice may be a good model with which to study the formation of these tumors.