tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small Integrin-Binding Proteins as Serum Markers for Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Alka Jain, Dianalee A. McKnight, Larry W. Fisher, Elizabeth B. Humphreys, Leslie A. Mangold, Alan W. Partin, Neal S. Fedarko
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: The small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) gene family includes bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), and osteopontin (OPN). Previous studies have separately reported elevated expression of BSP, OPN, or DSPP in prostate tumor paraffin sections. We hypothesized that SIBLINGs may be informative serum markers for subjects with prostate cancer. Methods: Expression levels of SIBLINGs in biopsies of normal tissue and tumors from prostate were determined by cDNA array and by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies. Competitive ELISAs for measuring total BSP, DSPP, MEPE, and OPN were applied to a test group of 102 subjects with prostate cancer and 110 normal subjects and a validation group of 90 subjects. Results: BSP, DMP1, DSPP, and OPN exhibited elevated mRNA expression and protein levels in biopsies. BSP, DSPP, and OPN were elevated in serum from prostate cancer subjects, with serum DSPP exhibiting the greatest difference, yielding an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve value of 0.98. Serum BSP and OPN levels were significantly elevated only in late stages, whereas DSPP was significantly elevated at all stages. Optimal serum value cutoff points derived for BSP, OPN, and DSPP were applied as a validation test to a new group of 90 subjects and DSPP yielded a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: Of the SIBLING gene family members, DSPP appears to be a strong candidate for use in serum assays for prostate cancer detection. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(16):5199–207)
Experts disagree over who should get avian influenza vaccine
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2005)

If avian influenza spreads among British poultry and other livestock, farm workers may need the H5N1 vaccine currently on order for NHS staff, an expert has told the BMJ . Last week, the health secretary, Patricia Hewitt, announced that she had plans to order more than two million doses of one of the as yet unlicensed vaccines against the H5N1 flu virus, even though a flu pandemic is likely to be caused by a hybrid strain of human and H5N1 bird flu virus.

It is hoped that two doses of a bird flu vaccine, several of which are being tested and which are expected to be ready early next year, might offer some protection to …
Small-Area Variations in the Use of Common Surgical Procedures: An International Comparison of New England, England, and Norway
Authors: Klim McPherson, John E. Wennberg, Ole B. Hovind, Peter Clifford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Abstract We examined the incidence of seven common surgical procedures in seven hospital service areas in southern Norway, in 21 districts in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom, and in the 18 most heavily populated hospital service areas in Vermont, Maine, and Rhode Island. Although surgical rates were higher in the New England states than in the United Kingdom or Norway, there was no greater degree of variability in the rates of surgery among the service areas within the three New England states. Hernia repair was more variable in England (P<0.05) and hysterectomy in Norway (P<0.05) than in the other countries. There was consistency among countries in the rank order of variability for most procedures: tonsillectomy, hemorrhoidectomy, hysterectomy, and prostatectomy varied more from area to area than did appendectomy, hernia repair, or cholecystectomy. The degree of variation generally appeared to be more characteristic of the procedure than of the country in which it was performed. Thus, differences among countries in the methods of organizing and financing care appear to have little relation to the intrinsic variability in the incidence of common surgical procedures among hospital service areas in these countries. Despite the differences in average rates of use, the degrees of controversy and uncertainty concerning the indications for these procedures seem to be similar among clinicians in all three countries. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 307: 1310–4.)
Antiretroviral Medications — From Thailand to Africa
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The international AIDS conference highlighted the substantial progress that Thailand has made in reducing the frequency of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and providing antiretroviral treatment. Now, Krisana Kraisintu, the Thai pharmaceutical chemist who helped to spearhead her nation's response to AIDS, has embarked on a self-assigned mission — to bring affordable antiretroviral treatment to three African countries.Kraisintu is the former director of the Research and Development Institute of the Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO) in Thailand and a pioneer in the production of generic antiretroviral medications. In 1995, she brought antiretroviral treatment to Thailand by producing zidovudine to protect newborns . . .
Lack of an association between an apolipoprotein C3 genetic variant and the liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jean Michel Petit, Boris Guiu, David Masson, Jean-Pierre Cercueil, Patrick Hillon, Bruno Verges
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We read with great interest the article by Kozlitina et al.,1 who found no causal relationship between apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) variants and hepatic triglyceride contents in middle-aged men and women. These results are not in accordance with a recent publication by Petersen et al.,2 who demonstrated that C-482T and T-455C polymorphisms in APOC3 are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. Even though NAFLD is well known to be associated with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, the link between certain genetic polymorphisms, NAFLD, and insulin resistance is quite complex. Indeed, the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) polymorphism is strongly associated with NAFLD but not with obesity or insulin resistance.3, 4 In contrast, Petersen et al. found that genetic variants in APOC3 are associated with the liver fat content and insulin resistance; their results, however, have not been confirmed by Kozlitina et al. We recently published a study confirming that in people with type 2 diabetes, the liver fat content was related to the rs738409 PNPLA3 polymorphism.5 In this discordant context, we set out to determine whether the liver fat content, evaluated with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was associated with the rs2854117 APOC3 polymorphism in this population. The study involved 253 patients with type 2 diabetes. One hundred fifty-eight patients (62.4%) had steatosis (hepatic triglyceride content >5.5%). In comparison with patients without steatosis, patients with steatosis had a higher body mass index, a higher visceral fat area, higher plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, higher plasma triglyceride levels, and lower plasma adiponectin levels. The APOC3 rs2854117 variant was not associated with the liver fat content in our population (Table 1). No associations were found between this APOC3 variant and either the plasma triglyceride levels or the visceral fat area. In accordance with the study reported by Kozlitina et al.,1 our data for a specific population of patients with type 2 diabetes and a high prevalence of NAFLD suggest that the rs2854117 APOC3 genetic variant has little or no impact on the liver fat content. Jean Michel Petit M.D.*, Boris Guiu M.D.*, David Masson M.D.*, Jean-Pierre Cercueil M.D.*, Patrick Hillon M.D.*, Bruno Verges M.D.*, * Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 866 (Centre de Recherche), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Bocage, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
Multifocal primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma responsive to thalidomide: the molecular mechanism and the clinical application
Authors: J-H. Lee, A-L. Cheng, C-W. Lin, S-H. Kuo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Multifocal primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma responsive to thalidomide: the molecular mechanism and the clinical application Get access J‐H. Lee, J‐H. Lee Departments of OncologyCancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A‐L. Cheng, A‐L. Cheng Departments of OncologyCancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, TaiwanInternal Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐W. Lin, C‐W. Lin Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐H. Kuo S‐H. Kuo Departments of OncologyCancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, TaiwanInternal MedicineDepartment of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun‐Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan Correspondence: Sung‐Hsin Kuo. E‐mail: shkuo101@ntu.edu.tw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 4, 1 April 2009, Pages 887–889, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09042.x Published: 01 April 2009
What should we say to patients with symptoms unexplained by disease? The "number needed to offend"
Authors: J. Stone
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Using single-cell-omics data, it is now possible to computationally order cells along trajectories, allowing the unbiased study of cellular dynamic processes. Since 2014, more than 50 trajectory inference methods have been developed, each with its own set of methodological characteristics. As a result, choosing a method to infer trajectories is often challenging, since a comprehensive assessment of the performance and robustness of each method is still lacking. In order to facilitate the comparison of the results of these methods to each other and to a gold standard, we developed a global framework to benchmark trajectory inference tools. Using this framework, we compared the trajectories from a total of 29 trajectory inference methods, on a large collection of real and synthetic datasets. We evaluate methods using several metrics, including accuracy of the inferred ordering, correctness of the network topology, code quality and user friendliness. We found that some methods, including Slingshot, TSCAN and Monocle DDRTree, clearly outperform other methods, although their performance depended on the type of trajectory present in the data. Based on our benchmarking results, we therefore developed a set of guidelines for method users. However, our analysis also indicated that there is still a lot of room for improvement, especially for methods detecting complex trajectory topologies. Our evaluation pipeline can therefore be used to spearhead the development of new scalable and more accurate methods, and is available at github.com/dynverse/dynverse. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive assessment of trajectory inference methods. For now, we exclusively evaluated the methods on their default parameters, but plan to add a detailed parameter tuning procedure in the future. We gladly welcome any discussion and feedback on key decisions made as part of this study, including the metrics used in the benchmark, the quality control checklist, and the implementation of the method wrappers. These discussions can be held at github.com/dynverse/dynverse/issues.
BRMS1 Suppresses Lung Cancer Metastases through an E3 Ligase Function on Histone Acetyltransferase p300
Authors: Yuan Liu, Marty W. Mayo, Alykhan S. Nagji, Emily H. Hall, Lisa S. Shock, Aizhen Xiao, Edward B. Stelow, David R. Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The mechanisms through which the metastasis suppressor gene BRMS1 functions are poorly understood. Herein, we report the identification of a previously undescribed E3 ligase function of BRMS1 on the histone acetyltransferase p300. BRMS1 induces polyubiquitination of p300, resulting in its proteasome-mediated degradation. We identify BRMS1 as the first eukaryote structural mimic of the bacterial IpaH E3 ligase family and establish that the evolutionarily conserved CXD motif located in BRMS1 is responsible for its E3 ligase function. Mutation of this E3 ligase motif not only abolishes BRMS1-induced p300 polyubiquitination and degradation, but importantly, dramatically reduces the metastasis suppressor function of BRMS1 in both in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer metastasis.
Tourette's syndrome and creativity.
Authors: O. Sacks
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A major challenge in synthetic biology is properly balancing evolved and engineered functions without compromising microbial fitness. Many microbial proteins are not required for growth in regular laboratory conditions, but it is unclear what fraction of the proteome can be eliminated to increase bioproduction and maintain fitness. Here, we investigated the effects of massive genome reduction in <i>E. coli</i> on the expression level and evolutionary stability of a model biosynthetic pathway to produce the pigment protodeoxyviolacein (PDV). We identified an amino acid metabolism imbalance and compromised growth that were correlated with elimination of genes associated with significant proteome fraction. Proteomic profiling suggested that increased amino acid pools are responsible for an alleviation of fitness defects associated with PDV expression. In addition, all strains with genome reductions that significantly affected the proteome exhibited decreased stability of PDV production compared to the wild-type strain under persistent PDV expression conditions despite the alleviation of fitness defects. These findings exhibit the importance of balancing evolved functions with engineered ones to achieve an optimal balance of fitness and bioproduction.
Increased bronchial responsiveness to exercise as a risk factor for symptomatic asthma: findings from a longitudinal population study of children and adolescents
Authors: CS Ulrik, V Backer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The prevalence of asthma seems to be on the increase and risk factors are not well-established. To investigate the relationship between asymptomatic increased bronchial responsiveness to exercise (BRE) and subsequent development of asthma, we studied a population sample of children and adolescents, aged 7-17 yrs at enrollment, examined twice 6 yrs apart (54 and 68%, respectively, of the original sample participated in the two examinations). Complete information was available for 383 subjects (191 males and 192 females). Case history and questionnaire data were obtained and were used to assess the presence or absence of symptomatic asthma. Exercise testing, performed at enrolment only, consisted of steady running on a 10% sloping treadmill for 6 min in a climate chamber. BRE was recorded as percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from pre-exercise FEV1, within 15 min after exercise. Twenty subjects (5%) had asthma at enrolment, whereas 58 subjects (15%) had current asthma (i.e. symptoms within the preceding 12 months) at the time of follow-up, of whom 40 were asymptomatic at enrolment (new asthma). In general, increased BRE at enrolment was significantly associated with symptomatic asthma at follow-up. Analysing the data for subjects who were asymptomatic at enrolment (n=363), showed that new asthma at follow-up was not predicted by increased BRE at enrolment, whether BRE was evaluated as a continuous (R2=0.06, p=0.13) or dichotomous (cut-off: BRE =10% decline in FEV1; odds ratio (OR) 0.8 (0.4-1.2); p=0.11) variable. However, the data do not exclude the possibility that asymptomatic subjects with BRE &gt;15% have an increased risk for subsequent development of asthma. The findings of the present study suggest that increased bronchial responsiveness to exercise in asymptomatic children and adolescents is not a strong predictor for subsequent development of symptomatic asthma. Further studies, preferably of larger samples, are needed to confirm these findings.
Compliance with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis immunisation in Bangladesh: factors identifying high risk groups.
Authors: S. Zeitlyn, A. K. Rahman, B. H. Nielsen, M. Gomes, P. E. Kofoed, D. Mahalanabis
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate factors associated with non-compliance with having second vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis in a treatment centre in Dhaka to determine which children were most at risk of not completing immunisation. DESIGN--Cohort study of infants given first dose of the vaccine and followed up six weeks later to ascertain compliance with having second dose. Factors associated with non-compliance were evaluated. SETTING--Dhaka treatment centre of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. SUBJECTS--136 unimmunised children aged 6 weeks to 23 months who lived within reach of the treatment centre. At time of the six week follow up 16 of the children could not be traced and seven had died. INTERVENTIONS--All children received their first dose of the vaccine. In each case health education workers had informed the mother about the value of immunisation, and she was given clear instructions to bring the child back after four weeks for the second dose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Rate of non-compliance with advice to return child for second vaccination. RESULTS--46 of 113 children (41%) received the second dose of the vaccine. Factors most closely associated with mothers9 failure to comply with the second dose were lack of education and low income. Children whose mothers knew most about immunisation at first interview were more likely to have their second dose. CONCLUSIONS--Preventive health care services such as immunisation are appropriately offered in treatment centres, but compliance among children varies with socioeconomic status and mother9s education. Further research should be aimed at ways to make health education more effective among uneducated parents.
Scintigraphy in Epidermoid Tumor of the Skull
Authors: MOHANLAL C. MAKHIJA, NORMAN R. VINCENT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

In two patients, skull lesions radiologically typical of epidermoid tumor, but surgically unproven, showed intense concentration of Tc-99m-MDP. The lesions were also faintly positive with Tc-99m-DTPA and Ga-67-citrate.
Should Bladder Cuff Excision Remain the Standard of Care at Nephroureterectomy in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis? A Population-based Study
Authors: Giovanni Lughezzani, Maxine Sun, Paul Perrotte, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Claudio Jeldres, Lars Budaus, Ahmed Alasker, Alain Duclos, Hugues Widmer, Mathieu Latour, Giorgio Guazzoni, Francesco Montorsi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2009)
The Interleukin-11 Receptor α as a Candidate Ligand-Directed Target in Osteosarcoma: Consistent Data from Cell Lines, Orthotopic Models, and Human Tumor Samples
Authors: Valerae O. Lewis, Michael G. Ozawa, Michael T. Deavers, Guiying Wang, Tomo Shintani, Wadih Arap, Renata Pasqualini
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The interleukin-11 receptor alpha (IL-11Ralpha) is a functional target in bone metastasis. However, its role in primary bone tumors has not been established. As such, here, we evaluated IL-11Ralpha as a candidate target in primary and metastatic human osteosarcoma. First, in an orthotopic mouse model, we showed that IL-11Ralpha protein is markedly expressed in primary osseus and pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma but absent from control normal tibia and lung. Moreover, systemic administration of an IL-11Ralpha-targeting phage displaying the cyclic nonapeptide CGRRAGGSC resulted in strong and selective accumulation of IL-11Ralpha-homing phage particles in the osteosarcoma but not in several control organs. Finally, IL-11Ralpha expression in a large panel of human primary and metastatic osteosarcoma samples was remarkably consistent with the observations in the orthotopic mouse model. These data establish IL-11Ralpha as a candidate target in human osteosarcoma and provide leads for the development of novel imaging and therapeutic agents for the management of this malignant tumor.
Reported Measles Decline Continues; Research Seeks to Avert Resurgence
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

AS THE MEASLES epidemic appears to ebb, with a 60% drop in reported cases so far this year, the reason why remains elusive. "It's hard to know, when measles is an epidemic that comes in cycles, what really is going on," says Lauri Markowitz, MD, a medical epidemiologist for the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. "It is too early to say the decrease is due to increased vaccination coverage." While what she terms "tremendous efforts" were made to increase this coverage, Markowitz adds: "I don't think we raised coverage so dramatically in the last year that you can attribute it [the decrease] to the increase in vaccine coverage." <h3>Surge in Past Year</h3> Measles, after years of decline and talk of eventual eradication, has resurged for no clearly apparent reason throughout North and Central America in the past few years (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2163). The United States' 1990 provisional case total of
Is home monitoring of lung function worthwhile for children with asthma?
Authors: P. D SLY
Journal: Thorax (2001)

In this issue of Thorax Kamps et al 1 point out that current guidelines for the management of asthma in children frequently advocate the use of home monitoring of lung function. This is supposed to provide an objective measurement of the status of the child's asthma that can be used to guide therapy. This situation has come about partly as a “trickle down” from guidelines for managing asthma in adults and partly through a recognition that many children have a poor ability to perceive and accurately report airway obstruction.2 An objective measure of asthma severity should therefore allow for more effective asthma management with a reduction in mortality and morbidity. Home monitoring with a portable peak expiratory flow (PEF) meter has been advocated as such a measure and included in many asthma management plans. In theory, PEF monitoring can provide both an indication of the degree of airway obstruction and an indication of variability of the obstruction. The rationale for using PEF variability is that it correlates, although weakly, with asthma symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness.3-6 Portable PEF meters suitable for use in the home …
Interpractice collaboration for functional assessment in the elderly.
Authors: M A Varnam, L Brewin, P Oliver, M Barker, J Polnay, P Basu, R Scott, M B Chaudri, D Tyers, J Hobson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

against pertussis infection have been determined.Serum antibody assays merely indicate that a subject has or has not responded to antigens considered to be important and allows comparison between groups of subjects at various times after vaccination or in response to different schedules.We believe that this is a valid approach when the same whole cell vaccine is used for each group.