tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression of action potential characteristics and a decreased space constant are present in postischemic, reperfused myocardium.
Authors: J H Levine, E N Moore, H F Weisman, A H Kadish, L C Becker, J F Spear
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion may lead to arrhythmias and delayed epicardial activation. To determine the nature of the electrophysiologic substrate and to gain insight into potential mechanisms underlying the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic abnormalities that develop in this setting, standard microelectrode techniques were used to measure action potential characteristics, conduction velocity, and space constants in canine isolated epicardial preparations removed after a 15-min anterior descending artery occlusion and 20-min reflow period in vivo. Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in conduction velocity (0.78 +/- 0.38 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.12 m/s, P less than 0.001), space constant (1.05 +/- 0.42 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.12 mm, P = 0.004), resting membrane potential (81.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 61.7 +/- 7.8 mV, P less than 0.001), action potential amplitude (94.1 +/- 4.2 vs. 64.1 +/- 1.5 mV, P less than 0.001), and dV/dT (164.7 +/- 37.3 vs. 52.6 +/- 19.7 V/s, P less than 0.001) in postischemic reperfused myocardium. The space constant and dV/dT each correlated with conduction velocity; in addition, the space constant was an independent predictor of conduction velocity in these tissues. These electrophysiologic abnormalities may play a role in the arrhythmias and abnormalities of contraction present in postischemic, reperfused myocardium.
Osteophytes and throat symptoms
Authors: D. Stuart
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

The case report by Mr Alaani and colleagues (April 2004 JRSM1) adds to our knowledge. With reference to the last sentence—'With cautious technique, secondary instability of the cervical spine leading to neurological damage should be wholly avoidable'—may I refer to a review of earlier papers2 and in particular to the need for cervical spine fusion in addition to osteophyte removal? The postoperative X-ray, showing a well preserved disc space at the affected level, indicates the possibility that instability may develop in this case. The osteophytes were probably providing some stability.
Reply to Selahattin Çalışkan's Letter to the Editor re: Guillaume Ploussard, Alexandre de la Taille, Younes Bayoud, et al. The Risk of Upstaged Disease Increases with Body Mass Index in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Eligible for Active Surveillance. Eur Urol 2012;61:356–62
Authors: Guillaume Ploussard
Journal: European Urology (2011)
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS IN THYROID DEFICIENCY
Authors: ARTHUR M. FISHBERG
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In contradistinction to the manifold and clinically significant disorders of circulation in exophthalmic goiter, the cardiovascular system has not, as a rule, been regarded as presenting marked deviations from the normal during the course of hypothyroidism. Most current accounts dismiss the subject with the mere statement that there are evidences of circulatory asthenia with low blood pressure.<i>A priori</i>, one would expect a low blood pressure in myxedema, the lowered basal metabolism characterizing the disease being a measure of the slow rate at which the vegetative functions are carried on. It is my object in the present communication to point out that in myxedema there are well marked anatomic changes in the arteries, and that in a large proportion of the cases there may appear the typical clinical picture of hypertension with the consequences it entails, such as myocardial insufficiency and cerebral hemorrhage. A survey of the necropsies reported in
Acupuncture and You
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

This is the personal story of one young woman who suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus for 17 years.Despite renal damage, recovery occurred while she was being treated with nicotinic acid injections along with chloroquine.The doleful but not uncommon story is told of the slowness in recognizing the part played by hypersensitivity to sulphonamides (including Diamox), to many other drugs, and to vaccination against smallpox.The patient goes through all the treatments and even- tually finds her salvation in a Bulgarian doctor and his use of nicotinic acid.She received wonderful care and understanding from some well-known physicians in Boston, Massachusetts.Her personal courage is remark- able and led to her doing much research into the diseaseno doubt mainly with the object of finding a cure.The reviewer is a firm believer in the wider knowledge of medicine and in the understanding of patients to be obtained from plays and television, from the Sunday newspapers, and from the reading of novels.The same is true of personal stories of both common and rare chronic diseases such as this one.He believes that all students of the connective tissue disorders should read this wellwritten story.
S3 Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in patients with minimally symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis using individual patient data from four randomised controlled trials
Authors: DJ Bratton, JR Stradling, F Barbe, M Kohler
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Objective </h3> To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in reducing blood pressure, sleepiness and sleep apnoea severity in patients with minimally symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). <h3>Design</h3> Systematic review and meta-analysis using individual participant data. <h3>Data sources</h3> Individual patient data were obtained from eligible randomised controlled trials found by searching the electronic databases Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and reference lists of all identified articles. <h3>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies</h3> Trials were eligible if they included patients with minimally symptomatic OSA, had randomised them to receive CPAP or either sham-CPAP or no CPAP, and had measured blood pressure at baseline and at a follow-up visit. <h3>Results </h3> Five eligible trials were found (1219 patients) from which the necessary data from four studies (1206 patients) was obtained. There was some evidence that CPAP treatment was associated with a small increase in systolic blood pressure of 1mmHg (95% confidence interval -0.1 to 2.2), p = 0.079, with a larger increase in those patients using CPAP less than four hours/night ( + 2.7mmHg, 95% CI (1.1 to 4.2), p = 0.001). There was no overall effect on diastolic blood pressure (DBP), however, there was evidence of a reduction in DBP in patients using CPAP more than four hours/night (-1.2mmHg, 95% CI (-2.1 to -0.3), p = 0.013) and an increase in those using it less than four hours/night ( + 1.2, 95% CI (0.1 to 2.3), p = 0.035). CPAP treatment reduced both subjective sleepiness and OSA severity (both p&lt;0.001), with larger reductions in patients using treatment more than four hours/night. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although CPAP treatment reduces OSA severity and sleepiness, it seems not to have a beneficial effect on blood pressure (and possibly a detrimental effect on systolic BP) in patients with minimally symptomatic OSA,unless they use CPAP for more than four hours per night.
Loss of ETHE1, a mitochondrial dioxygenase, causes fatal sulfide toxicity in ethylmalonic encephalopathy
Authors: Valeria Tiranti, Carlo Viscomi, Tatjana Hildebrandt, Ivano Di Meo, Rossana Mineri, Cecilia Tiveron, Michael D Levitt, Alessandro Prelle, Gigliola Fagiolari, Marco Rimoldi, Massimo Zeviani
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Evaluation of Drugs for Angina
Authors: M. Vastesaeger
Journal: BMJ (1963)

If a uniformly high standard of ante- natal care is to be guaranteed throughout the U.K. I see no alternative but to provide it at existing hospital antenatal clinics.The increased attendances resulting from such a centralization could be accommodated by recruiting well- qualified G.P.-obstetricians as clinical assistants, who would surely welcome the facilities and staff which at present are -denied them.Even health centres, where they exist, do not provide the continuous postgraduate training of a hospital environment.-I am, etc.,
CLINICAL USE OF GLYCEROLIZED FROZEN BLOOD
Authors: Lewis L. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A practical method now exists for the long-term preservation of human blood. Red blood cells which have been glycerolized, frozen at —80C, and stored up to 44 months have been deglycerolized, reconstituted, and successfully given to patients. Over 1,014 units of frozen glycerolized blood have been administered to patients, with good clinical results and a low reaction rate. The Cohn fractionation method permits "tailoring" of the blood to fit the needs of the recipient. Frozen heparinized blood has been used as a priming fluid for extracorporeal circulation. Frozen plasma retains full heparin activity after storage for five months. The stockpiling of blood of rare types and banking by donors for future elective autotransfusions can now be done. The stockpiling of blood for use in the event of mass casualties must await engineering changes.
Muscarinic receptors induce LTD of NMDAR EPSCs via a mechanism involving hippocalcin, AP2 and PSD-95
Authors: Jihoon Jo, Gi Hoon Son, Bryony L Winters, Myung Jong Kim, Daniel J Whitcomb, Bryony A Dickinson, Youn-Bok Lee, Kensuke Futai, Mascia Amici, Morgan Sheng, Graham L Collingridge, Kwangwook Cho
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
A Crossover Study of Noodle Soup Consumption in Melamine Bowls and Total Melamine Excretion in Urine
Authors: Chia-Fang Wu, Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh, Bai-Hsiun Chen, Chia-Chu Liu, Ming-Tsang Wu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

New Studies About Everyday Types of Chemical Exposures: What Readers Should Consider: Comment on “A Crossover Study of Noodle Soup Consumption in Melamine Bowls and Total Melamine Excretion in Urine”
Motor neurone disease presenting as respiratory failure.
Authors: B Al-Shaikh, W Kinnear, T W Higenbottam, H S Smith, J M Shneerson, I Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Diaphragmatic weakness may be the presenting feature of motor neurone disease, though the diagnosis may be difficult in the presence of chronic lung disease.We report a patient in whom the resulting hypoventilation at night had passed unrecognised. Case reportA 65 year old man was referred to hospital for psychiatric assessment.After retiring six months earlier he had become confused and irritable.His wife described hypersomnia and had observed that his sleep was disturbed by regular waking.He was not obese and had stopped smoking 20 years previously.A left pleurodesis had been performed 10 years previously for recurrent pneumothoraces, the only recent respiratory history being of recurrent attacks of winter bronchitis.The only abnormality found on examination was impaired intellectual function.The chest radiograph showed pleural thickening on the left side.An isotope brain scan was normal, and the patient was discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of presenile dementia.He was readmitted as an emergency four weeks later.On examination he was confused and cyanosed, but the only abnormal respiratory sign noted was rapid shallow breathing.There were no focal neurological signs.Arterial blood gas analysis while breathing air showed an arterial oxygen pressure (Pao2) of 3-8 kPa (28 5 mm Hg) and an arterial carbon dioxide pressure (Paco2) of 11 5 kPa (86-2 mm Hg) with a hydrogen ion concentration of 45 nmol(nEq)/l.Because of the patient's hypoventilation a doxapram infusion was started, and the Paco2 fell to 7-5 kPa (56-2 mmHg).This improvement was maintained for 48 hours until he suddenly developed cardiorespiratory arrest.He was intubated and resuscitated, and on intermittent positive pressure ventilation with a fractional inspired oxygen concentration of 0-4 his arterial blood gases showed a Pao2 of 16 kPa (120 mm Hg) and Paco2 of 6-3 kPa (47-2 mm Hg).Despite a dramatic improvement in intellectual function attempts to wean the patient from ventilatory support after 48 hours were unsuccessful, and a tracheostomy was performed.Over the next two weeks he was gradually weaned from daytime ventilatory support and became fully independent during the day.He still required artificial ventilation by tracheostomy at night.He was fitted with a specially constructed cuirass respirator.' External negative pressure ventilation with this cuirass at night maintained normal oxygen saturations and transcutaneous carbon dioxide concentrations, and the tracheostomy was closed.Careful neurological examination at this stage again failed to show any abnormality.The patient was orthopnoeic, and paradoxical abdominal motion was noted.The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV,) was
Differential adrenergic sensitivity of atrial and ventricular tissue assessed by chronotropic, inotropic, and cyclic AMP responses to isoprenaline and dobutamine
Authors: R. R. TUTTLE, C. C. HILLMAN, R. E. TOOMEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Cat atrial tissue was more sensitive to isoprenaline (USP:isoproterenol) and dobutamine than ventricular tissue. Chronotropic response of atrial strips occurred at lower agonist concentrations than inotropic responses of papillary muscle. Cyclic AMP responses in atrial slices also occurred at lower agonist concentrations and were of much greater magnitude than the cyclic AMP responses in ventricular slices. However, the disporportionately greater sensitivity of atrial tissue was more marked with isoprenaline than with dobutamine.
Pelvic infection: a comparison of the Dalkon shield and three other intrauterine devices.
Authors: R Snowden, B Pearson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A detailed analysis was undertaken of reports of possible pelvic infection in relation to the use of four commonly fitted intrauterine contraceptive devices during 1971 to 1978 in the United Kingdom. The four devices were the Dalkon shield, Lippes loops 3C and 2D, and the Gravigard (copper 7), and data used were those collected systematically through the UK intrauterine device research network. Prospective reports that the Dalkon shield was uniquely related to high levels of infection when compared with other intrauterine devices were not substantiated in this prospective study among 13 349 users. Though some factors such as social class and previous experience of abortion appeared to influence the rate of infection, the type of intrauterine device being worn did not appear to be a significant factor. Various methods of analysis were used including life table, regression, and discriminant analysis, using information relating to the type of intrauterine device worn, the characteristics of the user, the fitting centre, and the pattern of diagnosis and treatment of reported or suspected pelvic infection. The results of this study suggest that fears that the Dalkon shield may be associated with a higher incidence of pelvic infection than other intrauterine devices may have been unjustified.
The Nursing Home Resident with Dementia
Authors: NICHOLAS RANGO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

How much treatment should be given elderly patients with dementing illness is controversial. Nursing home care should be based on palliation, rehabilitation, and the control of coexisting illness. Ethical standards are advanced from the principle that the life and well-being of the demented nursing home resident should be protected. The decision to forego medical treatment is justified only when the life of an affected person is burdened by severe, unrelieved suffering or by the absence of self-awareness and relational potential. Introducing this philosophy of care to institutions requires a greater societal commitment to nursing home care.
Abstract 927: Interleukin-23 receptor tagSNPs and colorectal neoplasia risk
Authors: Elizabeth M. Poole, Liren Xiao, Rachel L. Galbraith, Martha L. Slattery, David Duggan, Anna E. Coghill, Lisel Koepl, Li Hsu, Karen W. Makar, Karen Curtin, Jill Muehling, Darren Taverna, Bette J. Caan, Christopher S. Carlson, Ulrike Peters, John D. Potter, Cornelia M. Ulrich
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory conditions that predispose to colorectal cancer. Genetic variation in the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R), specifically rs11209026 (Arg381Gln) and rs11465804 (68723 T&amp;gt;G), have been consistently associated with CD and UC. We investigated IL23R candidate and tagSNPs in relation to colorectal neoplasia risk. All SNPs were genotyped on an identical Illumina platform in three independent study populations capturing the range of colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods: A linkage-disequilibrium (LD)-based tagSNP selection algorithm (r2=0.90, MAF=4%) identified 23 tagSNPs, including the candidates rs11209026 and rs11465804, representing common genetic variation in Europeans. In three US population-based case-control studies of colon cancer (n=1424 cases/1780 controls), rectal cancer (n=583 cases/775 controls), and colorectal adenomas (n=485 cases/578 controls), we investigated IL23R SNPs. Gene-level analyses were conducted using principal components and haplotype analyses. Single SNPs were analyzed using logistic regression. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and study center, and were restricted to Caucasians (&amp;gt;90% of all study populations). Results: No associations were observed for the IL23R candidate SNPs, although there was a suggestion of increased adenoma and rectal cancer risk with rs11465804. Without correction for multiple testing, three SNPs were associated with rectal cancer risk at α=0.05 (see Table). Of these, rs10889675 was also associated with a non-significant decreased risk of adenomas. There were no significant associations with colon cancer; however, the homozygous variant genotype of rs10889676 was associated with increased adenoma risk. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that genetic variability in IL23R may contribute to rectal cancer risk and adds some further support to the role of IL23R in gastrointestinal diseases. Functional follow-up studies are needed.Table.Selected tagSNPS in IL23R and risk of rectal cancer or adenomaSNPGenotypeCasesControlsOR95% CIp (2df)p-trendRectal cancer*rs10889675CC4675831.00- CA1091790.760.581.00 AA7130.680.271.730.110.04 rs11465770CC4786051.00- CT981530.800.611.07 TT2110.220.051.010.030.03 rs7542081CC2523141.00- CA2713480.970.771.22 AA581120.650.450.920.040.05 Colorectal Adenoma**rs10889676CC2352811.00- CA1962680.870.671.14 AA50331.610.982.660.050.50*Adjusted for age, sex, and study center.**Adjusted for age and sex. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 927.
Diversity to divinity
Authors: J. Rao, S. Ramaiah
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In the fortnight in which nail bombs tore through ethnic minority neighbourhoods in Brixton and Brick Lane and brought mayhem to Soho, a little known, relatively unpublicised event took place in the Midlands that should give hope to all who wish for harmony between Britain's communities.

This event was the consecration of a new Hindu temple on 13 acres of derelict land set in the bleak industrial landscape of Tividale in Sandwell.

Sitting out in the unexpected sunshine of a May bank holiday weekend we contemplated a scene that represented everything that a tolerant multicultural society stood for and that defied the perversely logical potential of nail bombs to spread fear and discord. The need for tight security—after all, a government minister was among the …
SUBSTITUTE FOR DARK ROOM DURING FLUOROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS.
Authors: GEORGE W. KING
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Physicians who use the fluoroscope only occasionally do not find it convenient to equip a dark room for the purpose and are consequently at a disadvantage when working by daylight. To obviate the necessity of heavily screening windows and other avenues of light, a hood can be easily improvised which serves the purpose admirably. A sheet of rubber lead composition is chosen by preference, for it serves also as a protection to the operator. If the latter is not at hand, several layers of newspapers enfolded in a suitable piece of black muslin and fastened to the fluoroscope will effectually shut out the light. So arranged, the observer is in absolute darkness and can see only the image reflected on the fluoroscopic screen.
Interleukin 10 and interferon gamma regulation of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
Authors: J S Silva, P J Morrissey, K H Grabstein, K M Mohler, D Anderson, S G Reed
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Studies were undertaken to determine whether interleukin 10, (IL-10) a cytokine shown to inhibit interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production, was involved in Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice. Exogenous IFN-gamma protects mice from fatal infection with T. cruzi. Furthermore, resistant B6D2 mice developed fatal T. cruzi infections when treated with neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody (mAb). Thus, endogenous as well as exogenous IFN-gamma is important in mediating resistance to this parasite. Because both T. cruzi-susceptible (B6) and -resistant (B6D2) mouse strains produced IFN-gamma during acute infection, we looked for the concomitant production of mediators that could interfere with IFN-gamma-mediated resistance to T. cruzi. We found that IL-10-specific mRNA was produced in the spleens of mice with acute T. cruzi infections. In addition, spleen cell culture supernatants from infected B6 mice, and to a lesser extent B6D2 mice, elaborated an inhibitor(s) of IFN-gamma production. This inhibitor(s) was neutralized by anti-IL-10 mAb. These experiments demonstrated the production of biologically active IL-10 during T. cruzi infection. In further studies in vitro, it was shown that IL-10 blocked the ability of IFN-gamma to inhibit the intracellular replication of T. cruzi in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Thus, in addition to its known ability to inhibit the production of IFN-gamma, IL-10 (cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor), may also inhibit the effects of IFN-gamma. These experiments demonstrate that IL-10 is produced during infection with a protozoan parasite and suggest a regulatory role for this cytokine in the mediation of susceptibility to acute disease.
Amniocentesis in Tay-Sachs Disease
Authors: Julian Orleans
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Rosner quite accurately describes the chemical deficiency, the statistics involved, and the prognosis of that inborn error of metabolism, Tay-Sachs disease. Although I make no pretense at eradicating the disease by diagnostic amniocentesis and selective feticide, I rise in defense of these procedures to eliminate the "sick child" in the fetal stage of development. Just as an enlightened although observant Catholic physician rarely follows the extreme dictates of the Church to save the child even at expense of the mother's life, I, as an enlightened though observant, traditional Ashkenozic Jew, cannot reject selective feticide, even if a small core of extreme rabbinical minds interpret<i>Halocha</i>(The Law) as not finding the procedure ethically permissible. To be able to suspect by screening techniques of the parents, and to know in advance by amniocentesis, that the mother is indeed carrying an infant with Tay-Sachs disease is a remarkable
Liver Scintigraphy in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: VED PRAKASH, JOSEPH P. KRISS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

99mTc colloid liver scans were correlated with clinical status in 90 patients with alcoholic liver disease. The vertebrae were visualized at least as intensely as the liver in 36 of 82 patients with liver cirrhosis, and in none of 8 without liver cirrhosis; the ribs were visualized in 29 of the 82, and in none of the 8. In the 82 patients with cirrhosis; intensity of visualization of the spleen, vertebrae and ribs, relative to the liver visualization, tended to increase with clinical progression of hepatic impairment.