tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extranodal lymphoma in a haemophiliac negative for antibody to HIV.
Authors: R Madhok, G D Lowe, C D Forbes, C J Stewart, F Lee
Journal: BMJ (1987)

of their previous investigatioi and follow up.The control group comprised 530 normal children seen in hospital for reasons unrelated to the genitourinary tract (308 girls, 222 boys; age range 5-14, mean 8-8 years; 375 were aged 9 or under).Statistical analysis was with fourfold tables X2 test.Twenty three patients (34%) with reflux but only 42 (8%) of the controls were enuretic (x2=42-7, p<0-001) (table ).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis between children with different grades of reflux or between children with bilateral and unilateral reflux: 15 (31%) of 49 with grade I or II vesicoureteric reflux and eight (44%) of 18 with grades Ill-V were enuretic, and 15 (30%) of 50 children with unilateral and eight (47%) of 17 with bilateral vesicoureteric reflux were enuretic.The prevalence of enuresis was the same in the children with reflux aged 9 or under as in those aged 10-14 (x2= 0-01), but the difference in the prevalence of enuresis between-the same age groups in normal children was considerable (X2=3-49, 0-05 <p<01) (table ).Eight (24%) ofthe 34 children who had vesicoureteric reflux and had had a recent urinary infection were enuretic compared with 42 (8%) of the 530 controls (x2= 9 62, 0001<p<001).Furthermore, none of the enuretic children who' had reflux and had had a recent urinary infection stopped bed wetting after their infection had been treated.Enuresis was twice as common in children who had a longstanding infection (five of 13) as in those with a recent infection (eight of 34) (x2=3 57, 0-05<p<O-1).Prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis in children who had vesicoureteric reflux No of No (%)'with children enuresis Children with reflux: Aged 5-9 49 17(35) Aged 10-14 18 *6(33) Total 67 23 (34) Controls: Aged 5-9 375 35 (9)
Medicinal herbs in the United States: research needs.
Authors: H B Matthews, G W Lucier, K D Fisher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Virtually all cultures have, throughout history, used a variety of plants or materials derived from plants for the prevention and treatment of disease. Evidence of the beneficial therapeutic effects of these medicinal herbs is seen in their continued use. Additionally, the development of modern chemistry permitted the isolation of chemicals from medicinal herbs that have served as drugs or starting materials for the synthesis of many important drugs used today. Many more modern drugs have been synthesized as a result of knowledge gained from studies of mechanisms of actions of chemicals first isolated from medicinal herbs. Thus, medicinal herbs have played a major role in the development of modern medicine and continue to be widely used in their original form. Whereas it is generally agreed that most medicinal herbs are safe under the conditions used, some are toxic and should be avoided even though they are readily available, and others have significant adverse side effects when misused. Also, little has been done to investigate potential adverse effects that may be associated with extended or high-dose use of medicinal herbs. Thus, concern has been expressed that the lack of quality control used in the preparation of medicinal herbs, plus their unregulated sale and uninformed use, pose potential adverse health effects for consumers. There is also concern regarding potential herb/herb or herb/drug interactions and possible untoward health effects of medicinal herbs in sensitive subpopulations such as the young and the elderly and certain genetically predisposed individuals. In this paper, we discuss these concerns at some length and make recommendations for additional research and education discussed in the recent International Workshop to Evaluate Research Needs on the Use and Safety of Medicinal Herbs.
Effect of Inhaling Heated Vapor on Symptoms of the Common Cold
Authors: M L Macknin, S Mathew, S V Medendorp
Journal: JAMA (1994)

A double-blind, randomized study tested the efficacy of steam (technically, heated, humidified air) inhalation in the treatment of common cold symptoms. Two 20-minute treatments spaced 60 to 90 minutes apart were given at the time of enrollment. The active device (Rhinotherm, Netzer-Sereni, Beer Yaacov, Israel) delivered 40 L/min of saturated air at 40 degrees C to 42 degrees C, while the identical-appearing placebo delivered 2 L/min of ambient air at 20 degrees C to 24 degrees C. There were 34 patients in the placebo group and 32 in the active group. Significant improvements in the placebo-treated group were obtained on subjective symptom scores for nasal congestion, nasal drainage, and sneezing on isolated days during the treatment period (40%, vs 25% on day 3, 71% vs 60% on day 6, and 100% vs 67% on day 7). Improvement in nasal resistance as measured by rhinomanography was better in the placebo group than in the active group on day 7 (11% vs -6%). Our study demonstrated no beneficial effects of steam inhalation on common cold symptoms.
A New Method to Measure Portal and Hepatic Blood Flow Using Taurocholate in the Rat
Authors: Michèle Corbic, Didier Lebrec, Michele Le Dafniet, Serge Erlinger
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Hepatic artery and portal vein blood flows were assessed separately in anesthetized rats using radiolabeled taurocholate. The ratio of portal vein blood flow to total hepatic blood flow was calculated from measurements of taurocholate concentrations of portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic vein, and of taurocholate hepatic extraction ratio. Animals were administered [14C]taurocholate intraperitoneally as a label of the taurocholate pool 24 hr before the experiments. In steady-state conditions, serum [14C]taurocholate activities were used as an index of taurocholate relative concentration and the hepatic extraction ratio of taurocholate was estimated using [3H]taurocholate infused into the systemic blood stream. Total hepatic blood flow was estimated by the Fick's principle using indocyanine green. The mean hepatic blood flow was 13.9 ml X min-1 (S.E. 1.9), and the mean ratio of portal blood flow to hepatic blood flow was 72.2% (S.E. 6.7). It is concluded that taurocholate may be used to assess separately portal venous and hepatic arterial blood flow in the rat.
Effect of interleukin‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interferon‐α on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: Anna Carter, Iiana Silvian‐Draxler, Iiana Tatarsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract In this study, we further established the role of interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interferon‐α (IFN‐α) as regulators of proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. AML cells from 8 of 15 patients incorporated high levels of 3 H‐thymidine ( 3 H‐TdR) in the absence of exogenous growth factors. The spontaneous DNA synthesis could be abrogated with monospecific antibodies directed toward IL‐1α, IL‐1β, or TNF‐α, as well as with antigranulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Human recombinant GM‐CSF reversed the inhibitory action of each of these antibodies and reinduced DNA synthesis in AML cells. Thus, in these cases, constitutively produced IL‐1 or TNF‐α had stimulated the synthesis of GM‐CSF, which resulted in GM‐CSF‐dependent proliferation of AML blasts. Exogenous IL‐1 up‐regulated the endogenous production of GM‐CSF, suggesting a positive regulation of autocrine growth factor production. We also present evidence that TNF‐α may exert both stimulative as well as inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis in AML cells. The enhancing effect of TNF‐α was mediated through the induction of GM‐CSF production, as stimulation of DNA synthesis in AML blasts could be abrogated with anti‐GM‐CSF antibody. A concentration‐dependent inhibitory effect of TNF‐α on 3 H‐TdR incorporation into AML blasts was observed only when these cells were grown in the absence of GM‐CSF. Finally, we show that human recombinant IFN‐α is a potent inhibitor of AML cell proliferation in vitro. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Re: Effect of Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone Compared with Placebo and Prednisone on Pain Control and Skeletal-related Events in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Data from the COU-AA-301 Randomised Trial
Authors: Evanguelos Xylinas, Luis Kluth, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Antagonizing the parathyroid calcium receptor stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion and bone formation in osteopenic rats
Authors: Maxine Gowen, George B. Stroup, Robert A. Dodds, Ian E. James, Bart J. Votta, Brian R. Smith, Pradip K. Bhatnagar, Amparo M. Lago, James F. Callahan, Eric G. DelMar, Michael A. Miller, Edward F. Nemeth, John Fox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an effective bone anabolic agent, but it must be administered parenterally. An orally active anabolic agent would provide a valuable alternative for treating osteoporosis. NPS 2143 is a novel, selective antagonist (a "calcilytic") of the parathyroid cell Ca(2+) receptor. Daily oral administration of NPS 2143 to osteopenic ovariectomized (OVX) rats caused a sustained increase in plasma PTH levels, provoking a dramatic increase in bone turnover but no net change in bone mineral density. Concurrent oral administration of NPS 2143 and subcutaneous infusion of 17beta-estradiol also resulted in increased bone turnover. However, the antiresorptive action of estrogen decreased the extent of bone resorption stimulated by the elevated PTH levels, leading to an increase in bone mass compared with OVX controls or to either treatment alone. Despite the sustained stimulation to the parathyroid gland, parathyroid cells did not undergo hyperplasia. These data demonstrate that an increase in endogenous PTH secretion, induced by antagonism of the parathyroid cell Ca(2+) receptor with a small molecule, leads to a dramatic increase in bone turnover, and they suggest a novel approach to the treatment of osteoporosis.
Clinical Lectures ON THE BORDERLAND OF EPILEPSY. III.--MIGRAINE
Authors: W. R. Gowers
Journal: BMJ (1906)

GENTLEMEN,-Not long ago I pointed out to you that ,epilepsy, though usually a well-defined malady, presents features that are also met with in some other affections.These symptoms common to.epilepsy and to what we may .tcallborderland diseases, involve a resemblance to it in aspect, and sometimes in character, which easily causes confusion.
One Hundred Thousand More.
Authors: W. H. Sharp
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Parkersburg, W. Va., Jan. 9, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your article on "Smallpox in 1894," inJournalof January 5, occurs a clerical error on page 27, which destroys the force of the argument. Should read 112,300 deaths instead of 12,300, making the value of vaccination much less than it is. Yours,
Optimizing Care for Persons with HIV Infection
Authors: Frederick M. Hecht, Ira B. Wilson, Albert W. Wu, Robert L. Cook, Barbara J. Turner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Treatment advances and outcomes data have raised new concerns about how to optimize care for patients with HIV infection. This paper reviews evidence on 1) the relation between experience and type of training and patient outcomes, 2) the relation between the components of primary care and patient outcomes, and 3) primary care physicians' basic HIV knowledge and skills in screening and prevention. Several studies indicate that greater experience in HIV care leads to improved patient outcomes. The relation between outcomes and type of training (subspecialist or generalist) is less clear, and studies have not distinguished between type of training and experience. Less experienced physicians may be able to provide high-quality care if appropriate consultation from expert physicians is available. Components of primary care, including accessibility, continuity, coordination, and comprehensiveness, are associated with better patient outcomes. Optimal care of HIV infection requires a combination of disease-specific expertise and primary care skills and organization. Criteria for expertise in HIV management should focus on actual patient care experience and HIV expertise rather than on subspecialty training per se. The management of HIV has become sufficiently complex that primary care physicians cannot be routinely expected to have extensive specialized knowledge in this area. However, many primary care physicians have weaknesses in the basic HIV-related skills that are needed in most settings, such as HIV test counseling and recognition of important HIV-related symptom complexes. Primary care physicians need to strengthen these basic HIV-related medical skills.
Counseling and Antibody Testing to Prevent HIV Infection-Reply
Authors: Harry F. Hull
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  We wish to thank Ms Levine and Dr Nolan for their ethical review of our blinded study of persons who refused anonymous HIV testing. From the wording of their letter, we believe that blinded and anonymous testing need to be distinguished. In both procedures, identifying information is removed from the specimen and the test result cannot be linked with an individual by the testing source. In anonymous testing, a client electing to be tested is given a unique number by which he or she alone can access the results. In blinded testing, blood taken for other purposes is tested and results are linked only to demographic information about the client. Blinded testing is permitted under federal regulations governing protection of human subjects. 1 With either procedure, it would not be possible to inform a person, such as a military commander, of anyone's HIV status.  We disagree with
KIS protects against adverse vascular remodeling by opposing stathmin-mediated VSMC migration in mice
Authors: Thomas H. Langenickel, Michelle Olive, Manfred Boehm, Hong San, Martin F. Crook, Elizabeth G. Nabel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Vascular proliferative diseases are characterized by VSMC proliferation and migration. Kinase interacting with stathmin (KIS) targets 2 key regulators of cell proliferation and migration, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 and the microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin. Phosphorylation of p27Kip1 by KIS leads to cell-cycle progression, whereas the target sequence and the physiological relevance of KIS-mediated stathmin phosphorylation in VSMCs are unknown. Here we demonstrated that vascular wound repair in KIS-/- mice resulted in accelerated formation of neointima, which is composed predominantly of VSMCs. Deletion of KIS increased VSMC migratory activity and cytoplasmic tubulin destabilizing activity, but abolished VSMC proliferation through the delayed nuclear export and degradation of p27Kip1. This promigratory phenotype resulted from increased stathmin protein levels, caused by a lack of KIS-mediated stathmin phosphorylation at serine 38 and diminished stathmin protein degradation. Downregulation of stathmin in KIS-/- VSMCs fully restored the phenotype, and stathmin-deficient mice demonstrated reduced lesion formation in response to vascular injury. These data suggest that KIS protects against excessive neointima formation by opposing stathmin-mediated VSMC migration and that VSMC migration represents a major mechanism of vascular wound repair, constituting a relevant target and mechanism for therapeutic interventions.
FDA officials disagree on safety of angiotensin receptor blockers
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Top officials at the US Food and Drug Administration and a senior safety reviewer have been quarreling over whether there is sufficient evidence to link angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) with an increased risk of lung cancer, the Wall Street Journal has reported.1

Internal documents reviewed by the newspaper show that Thomas A Marciniak, medical team leader in the division of cardiovascular and renal products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, has called on the agency to issue stronger warnings on the popular drugs, citing a review he conducted that found a 24% increase in the risk of lung cancer in patients who take ARBs.

“The FDA needs to inform patients and physicians about the ARB lung-cancer …
The Bcl-xL inhibitor, ABT-737, efficiently induces apoptosis and suppresses growth of hepatoma cells in combination with sorafenib
Authors: Hayato Hikita, Tetsuo Takehara, Satoshi Shimizu, Takahiro Kodama, Minoru Shigekawa, Kyoko Iwase, Atsushi Hosui, Takuya Miyagi, Tomohide Tatsumi, Hisashi Ishida, Wei Li, Tatsuya Kanto, Naoki Hiramatsu, Norio Hayashi
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Tumor cells are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, often driven by activation of oncogenes, and apoptosis resistance. The oncogenic kinase inhibitor sorafenib can significantly prolong median survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the response is disease-stabilizing and cytostatic rather than one of tumor regression. Bcl-xL (B cell lymphoma extra large), an antiapoptotic member of the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family, is frequently overexpressed in HCC. Here, we present in vivo evidence that Bcl-xL overexpression is directly linked to the rapid growth of solid tumors. We also examined whether ABT-737, a small molecule that specifically inhibits Bcl-xL but not myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), could control HCC progression, especially when used with sorafenib. Administration of ABT-737, even at an in vivo effective dose, failed to suppress Huh7 xenograft tumors in mice. ABT-737 caused the levels of Mcl-1 expression to rapidly increase by protein stabilization. This appeared to be related to resistance to ABT-737, because decreasing Mcl-1 expression levels to the baseline by a small interfering RNA–mediated strategy made hepatoma cells sensitive to this agent. Importantly, administration of ABT-737 to Mcl-1 knockout mice induced severe liver apoptosis, suggesting that tumor-specific inhibition of Mcl-1 is required for therapeutic purposes. Sorafenib transcriptionally down-regulated Mcl-1 expression specifically in tumor cells and abolished Mcl-1 up-regulation induced by ABT-737. Sorafenib, not alone but in combination with ABT-737, efficiently induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells. This combination also led to stronger suppression of xenograft tumors than sorafenib alone. Conclusion: Bcl-xL inactivation by ABT-737 in combination with sorafenib was found to be safe and effective for anti-HCC therapy in preclinical models. Direct activation of the apoptosis machinery seems to unlock the antitumor potential of oncogenic kinase inhibitors and may produce durable clinical responses against HCC. (Hepatology 2010)
Gallbladder polyp treated with endoscopic polypectomy through a cholecystogastrostomy
Authors: Y.-Y. Chen, P.-Y. Su, W.-C. Shen
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 59-year-old man with a history of renal stones presented with the symptoms heartburn over several months. He stated that he had received an abdominal operation for cholecystitis 30 years ago. A diverticulum approximately 7 cm in diameter with a narrow orifice ([Fig. 1]) was found at the greater curvature of the antrum during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, with a polypoid mass lesion (3 × 3 cm) ([Fig. 2]) in the diverticulum.
Beware of bay leaf.
Authors: A N Johns
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic has brought tremendous changes in healthcare delivery and exacerbated a wide range of inequities. Social workers across a broad range of healthcare settings bring an expertise in social, behavioural and mental healthcare needed to help address these health inequities. In addition, social workers integrate policy-directed interventions and solutions in clinical practice, which is a needed perspective for recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. It remains unclear, however, what the most pressing policy issues are that have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, many social workers in health settings tend to underuse policy in their direct practice. The objectives of this scoping review are to: (1) systematically scope the literature on social work, COVID-19 pandemic and policy; and (2) describe the competencies required by social workers and the social work profession to address the policy issues emerging during the COVID-19 pandemic. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> The scoping review follows Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework. Identification of literature published between 1 December 2019 and the search date, 31 March 2021, will take place in two stages: (1) title and abstract review, and (2) full-text review. In partnership with a health science librarian, the research team listed keywords related to social work and policy to search databases including Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Social Services Abstract and Social Work Abstracts. Two graduate-level research assistants will conduct screening and full-text review. Data will then be extracted, charted, analysed and summarised to report on our results and implications on practice, policy and future research. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Results will help develop a policy practice competence framework to inform how social workers can influence policy. We will share our findings through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This study does not require Research Ethics Board approval as it uses publicly available sources of data.
Laryngospasm and reflex central apnoea caused by aspiration of refluxed gastric content in adults.
Authors: M Bortolotti
Journal: Gut (1989)

Two patients with attacks of choking caused by aspiration of gastric contents in the laryngotracheal tube are presented. One had such severe attacks of respiratory arrest, that tracheostomy was done. The common symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux such as pirosis, acid regurgitation, or retrosternal burning were absent in both patients and upper gut radiological and endoscopic examinations were negative. Histology of the oesophageal mucosa showed a deep chronic eosophagitis, and the 24-hour pH-monitoring of the upper oesophagus showed frequent gastro-oesophageal refluxes. Manometry showed hypotonic lower oesophageal sphincter with marked alterations of peristalsis. In the patient with tracheostomy a 24 pH monitoring of the hypolaryngeal zone showed decreased pH at the time of choking attacks. In the other patient further investigations showed that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was the cause of the oesophageal motility disorder. An intense antireflux treatment abolished the respiratory attacks in both patients.
Heart Association to Endorse Certain Foods; Some Nutrition Groups Shy Away From This Approach
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE AMERICAN HEART Association is looking for two things in connection with its announced plan to place its "seal of approval" on certain processed and packaged foods that meet its guidelines for sodium, cholesterol, and fat content. One is a vice president (expected to be named within a few days) to direct this program. The other is a symbol, easily recognized by the public, signifying the association's approval of a food product. Selecting that symbol will be one of the new vice president's first challenges. Thus, the association is moving ahead with its announced program, although it could be up to a year before it is fully operational. And it remains clear that, although many food companies have stepped up efforts in recent years to achieve recognition of certain products as being part of a healthy diet, most national organizations with an interest in nutrition have steered away from endorsing