tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza in America 1918-1976: History, Science, and Politics
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In the realm of public health, the "swine flu" vaccination program will stand as a major event. The present slim volume helps illuminate the whole topic, including both the medical and political aspects. The book derived from a symposium of May 1977 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the History of Medicine. The papers read there form the basis of the present text, although by no means a literal transcript. Dr June Osborne, the editor, an expert virologist and a government advisor, has an insider's view and speaks with special personal insight. But while the symposium held great interest, the publication of a book at this time appears to me premature. There are four chapters and a lengthy appendix. The first chapter provides a brief and superficial account of the 1918 pandemic and was intended as a background to the excitement of 1976. The second chapter offers
Oral Montelukast Compared with Inhaled Salmeterol To Prevent Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Jonathan M. Edelman, Jennifer A. Turpin, Edwin A. Bronsky, Jay Grossman, James P. Kemp, Asma F. Ghannam, Paul T. DeLucca, Glenn J. Gormley, David S. Pearlman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Montelukast, an oral, once-daily leukotriene receptor antagonist, provides protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.To evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of therapy with salmeterol aerosol or montelukast on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in adults with asthma.8-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind study.17 asthma treatment centers in the United States.191 adults with asthma who had documented exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.Qualified patients were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with montelukast (10 mg once in the evening) or salmeterol (50 microg [2 puffs] twice daily).Changes in pre-exercise and postexercise challenge values; percentage inhibition in the maximal percentage decrease in FEV1; the area above the FEV1-time curve; and time to recovery of FEV1 at days 1 to 3, week 4, and week 8 of treatment.By day 3, similar and statistically significant reductions in maximal percentage decrease in FEV1 were seen with both therapies. Sustained improvement occurred in the montelukast group at weeks 4 and 8; at these time points, the bronchoprotective effect of salmeterol decreased significantly. At week 8, the percentage inhibition in the maximal percentage decrease in FEV1 was 57.2% in the montelukast group and 33.0% in the salmeterol group (P = 0.002). By week 8, 67% of patients receiving montelukast and 46% of patients receiving salmeterol had a maximal percentage decrease in FEV1 of less than 20%.The bronchoprotective effect of montelukast was maintained throughout 8 weeks of study. In contrast, significant loss of bronchoprotection at weeks 4 and 8 was seen with salmeterol. Long-term administration of montelukast provided consistent inhibition of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction at the end of the 8-week dosing interval without tolerance.
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 regulates transport of ITPR1 mRNA for synaptic plasticity
Authors: Daisuke Tsuboi, Keisuke Kuroda, Motoki Tanaka, Takashi Namba, Yukihiko Iizuka, Shinichiro Taya, Tomoyasu Shinoda, Takao Hikita, Shinsuke Muraoka, Michiro Iizuka, Ai Nimura, Akira Mizoguchi, Nobuyuki Shiina, Masahiro Sokabe, Hideyuki Okano, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Kozo Kaibuchi
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Danazol and discoid lupus
Authors: Helen J. Englert, G. V. R. Hughes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Danazol and discoid lupus Get access Helen J. Englert, Helen J. Englert Rheumatology Unit Department of Medicine Hammersmith Hospital London W12OH5, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. V. R. Hughes G. V. R. Hughes Department of Rheumatology St Thomas'Hospital London SEI 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 3, 1 September 1988, Pages 407–409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03239.x Published: 01 September 1988
Persistent Acute Viral Hepatitis
Authors: N. D. Gallagher, S. J. M. Goulston
Journal: BMJ (1962)

LOCATION OF STEREOTACTIC LESIONS physiotherapy.Out of a total series of 15 patients this is an exceptionally high proportion to die because of this condition and under these circumstances.Whether My most sincere thanks are given to all those neuro- surgeons and neuropathologists who have so generously supplied this material. 1also warmly thank Dr. E. A. Carmichael for his interest and the facilities he has provided.My thanks are due, and most heartily given, to Mr.
Low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Gerald M. Reaven, Helen Ho
Journal: Metabolism (1991)

Streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg body weight) was injected into spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, and plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations measured 10 days later. Neither mean (+/- SEM) plasma glucose (130 +/- 3 v 136 +/- 3 mg/dL) nor triglyceride (93 +/- 6 v 108 +/- 7 mg/dL) concentrations increased in WKY rats. In contrast, both plasma glucose (141 +/- 3 v 262 +/- 36) and triglyceride (121 +/- 8 v 196 +/- 7 mg/dL) concentrations increased significantly (P less than .01) following administration of STZ in SHR. Furthermore, when SHR previously injected with STZ were fed a diet enriched in fructose, they had a further increase (P less than .01) in both plasma glucose (343 +/- 38 mg/dL) and triglyceride (774 +/- 57 mg/dL) concentrations. Plasma triglyceride concentration also increased significantly (P less than .05) when STZ-injected WKY rats ingested the fructose-enriched diet, but plasma glucose levels still remained within the normal range (152 +/- 5 mg/dL). These results indicate that SHR were more sensitive to the effects of a decrease in pancreatic beta-cell function (STZ) and an increase in insulin resistance (fructose feeding) than WKY rats.
OBJECTIVES OF MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Leland S. McKittrick
Journal: JAMA (1960)

TO me the ultimate objective of medical education is to assure the American people of the best possible medical care. To do this means (1) to carefully select and then to educate properly oriented, intelligent young people in the knowledge now available and to stimulate them to want to know more; (2) to continuously advance our knowledge of the prevention, cause, and treatment of disease; and (3) to train those we educate to apply what we now know to the sick patient and to develop incentives and methods of acquiring and applying new knowledge as it is developed. If our basic objective is to care for the health of our citizens, experience in the actual care of the sick is an essential part of our educational program. We can assume that our medical schools equip their graduates with all of the scientific and theorectical knowledge that we currently possess. But
Phase I Trial of Trimetrexate Glucuronate on a Five-Day Bolus Schedule: Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics
Authors: L. B. Grochow, D. A. Noe, G. B. Dole, E. K. Rowinsky, D. S. Ettinger, M. L. Graham, W. P. McGuire, R. C. Donehower
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Trimetrexate glucuronate (TMTX), a nonclassical folate antagonist, has been evaluated clinically on several schedules. We have studied TMTX administered as an iv bolus for 5 consecutive days, every 3 weeks in 35 patients with advanced solid tumors. Drug was given at doses ranging from 7.6 to 18.8 mg/m2. The maximal tolerated dose was 13.1 mg/m2 per day × 5 for patients without prior myelotoxic treatment and 7.6 mg/m2 per day × 5 for previously treated patients. Because of wide individual differences in drug tolerance, dose escalation in 25% increments is recommended for patients not experiencing toxic effects. The dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Rash and mucositis were also significant TMTX concentrations were measured 1 and 24 hours after each dose, and the data were fit by use of a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. With this simplified sampling and modeling scheme, the mean total body clearance (± SD) of trimetrexate was 31 ± 20 mL/min per m2 and the volume of distribution was 13 ± 7 L/m2. Mean plasma concentrations 1 hour after a dose were 1.12, 2.43, 3.33, and 3.25 μmoI/L at 7.6, 9.1, 10.9, and 13.1 mg/m2, respectively. The mean TMTX concentration (± SD) 24 hours after a dose was 114 ± 87 nmol/L. The mean area under the concentration-versus-time curve at 13.1 mg/m2 was 2,266 μmol-min/L. The drug concentration 1 hour after the first dose and the area under the concentration-versus-time curve were highly correlated with leukopenia and thrombocytope-nia (r = .6 and .65 and P = .0007 and .0001, respectively). The maximal tolerated dose on the daily × 5 schedule was 30% of the dose tolerated on an iv bolus schedule. The choice of drug schedule for clinical trials when murine and human pharmacokinetics differ is discussed. Phase II trials are under way with both the iv bolus and the daily × 5 schedules.
Interleukin-26 in Antibacterial Host Defense of Human Lungs. Effects on Neutrophil Mobilization
Authors: Karlhans F. Che, Sara Tengvall, Bettina Levänen, Elin Silverpil, Margaretha E. Smith, Muhammed Awad, Max Vikström, Lena Palmberg, Ingemar Qvarfordt, Magnus Sköld, Anders Lindén
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

The role of the presumed Th17 cytokine IL-26 in antibacterial host defense of the lungs is not known.To characterize the role of IL-26 in antibacterial host defense of human lungs.Intrabronchial exposure of healthy volunteers to endotoxin and vehicle was performed during bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were harvested. Intracellular IL-26 was detected using immunocytochemistry and immunocytofluorescence. This IL-26 was also detected using flow cytometry, as was its receptor complex. Cytokines and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 plus STAT3 were quantified using ELISA. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and neutrophil migration was assessed in vitro.Extracellular IL-26 was detected in BAL samples without prior exposure in vivo and was markedly increased after endotoxin exposure. Alveolar macrophages displayed gene expression for, contained, and released IL-26. Th and cytotoxic T cells also contained IL-26. In the BAL samples, IL-26 concentrations and innate effector cells displayed a correlation. Recombinant IL-26 potentiated neutrophil chemotaxis induced by IL-8 and fMLP but decreased chemokinesis for neutrophils. Myeloperoxidase in conditioned media from neutrophils was decreased. The IL-26 receptor complex was detected in neutrophils and IL-26 decreased phosphorylated STAT3 in these cells. In BAL and bronchial epithelial cells, IL-26 increased gene expression of the IL-26 receptor complex and STAT1 plus STAT3. Finally, IL-26 increased the release of neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines in BAL but not in epithelial cells.This study implies that alveolar macrophages produce IL-26, which stimulates receptors on neutrophils and focuses their mobilization toward bacteria and accumulated immune cells in human lungs.
TCT-33 Intracoronary Optical Coherence Tomography and Histology of Overlapping Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds in a Porcine Coronary Artery Model: The Potential Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Vasim Farooq, Patrick Serruys, Jung Heo, Bill Gogas, Laura Perkins, Yoshinobu Onuma, Roberto Diletti, Maria Radu, Lorenz Räber, Christos Bourantas, Eric van Remortel, Ravindra Pawar, Richard Rapoza, Jennifer Powers, Heleen Beusekom, Hector Garcia-Garcia, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines
Authors: Allan D. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In 1986 the US Congress passed the National Childhood Vaccine Compensation Act. The following year the Vaccine Compensation Amendments of 1987 were passed. Part of these laws called for a review of scientific and other information related to adverse consequences of pertussis and rubella vaccines, and the Institute of Medicine was asked to conduct this review. The Institute established a committee to carry out the review and this book is the ensuing report.  The committee reviewed the available literature on any relationships between pertussis vaccines and hemolytic anemia, hypsarrhythmia, infantile spasms, Reye's syndrome, peripheral mononeuropathy, deaths classified as sudden infant death syndrome, aseptic meningitis, juvenile diabetes, autism, learning disabilities, hyperactivity, anaphylaxis, erythema multiforme, Guillian-Barre syndrome, protracted inconsolable crying or screaming, thrombocytopenia, and shock-like states. The committee also reviewed the available literature related to rubella vaccines and radiculoneuritis, arthritis, and thrombocytopenic purpura.  The book is organized in a logical manner. After
Media reports fuelled by authors' claims
Authors: S. Davies, J. Larkin, M. Loosemore, H. Montgomery
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We were dismayed at media coverage of Chalder and colleagues’ paper1: the BBC was not alone in reporting: “Exercise no help for depression.” But do the published data support such a view?

Encouraging “any increase in physical activity, whatever the intensity” was unlikely to be effective, given evidence based recommendations on exercise intensity,2 3 programme structure, and supervision.4 Power …
Heart Disease in Women
Authors: Pamela Ouyang
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This book is intended to provide a resource text for investigators and practitioners interested in the female heart in health and disease. It manages to fill this role. Information on the interaction between gender and cardiac physiology and disease can be found scattered throughout the internal medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, and cardiology literature. This book provides a compilation of the available data from a wide variety of sources to allow easy access to this information. The book is divided into four sections. The first provides available information on normal female cardiovascular physiology; the second, pregnancy and heart disease; the third, coronary artery disease in women; and the final section a number of selected diseases, including systemic and pulmonary hypertension and mitral valve prolapse. All sections have references that are reasonably recent, in the majority of chapters as recent as 1987. This means, however, that relatively recent drugs are mentioned but their
Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Cytology in early diagnosis
Authors: R. O. Schade
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE TITLE of this paper immediately poses the question, "What kind of lesion is representative of an early cancer?" Obviously, the answer varies from observer to observer. A small tumor that is diagnosed radiologically may show an advanced, widely infiltrating neoplasm on microscopic examination. Cytodiagnosis should aim at the detection of cancer in its earliest stage when other diagnostic techniques fail. Cytologic diagnosis foretells only the presence of a neoplasm; it is not capable of defining its histological type, its extent, or the location of the lesion. In the absence of positive radiologic or gastroscopic findings, one can hope to uncover a carcinoma in situ or a superficial intramucosal carcinoma, carcinomata that promise a reasonable prognosis after excision. Histologic studies have shown that the growth of a gastric cancer passes through the same phases as cancer in other situations. We recognize, therefore, a carcinoma in situ that is confined to
Abstract C6: Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: A paradigm for the cancer stem cell model?
Authors: Brechtje A. Grotenhuis, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Petra Sonneveld, Andrea Sacchetti, Herman Van Dekken, Bas P.L. Wijnhoven, Jan J.B. Van Lanschot, Riccardo Fodde
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, accumulating experimental evidence has suggested that tumors have a hierarchical organisation where only a subset of parenchymal cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs), has tumor-initiating properties. To date, several antibodies directed against surface antigens have been employed to prospectively isolate CSCs from a broad spectrum of malignancies, though not from esophageal adenocarcinoma. Here, we conducted a series of experiments to test whether Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma may serve as a disease model for the cancer stem cell concept. Methods: We employed a panel of previously established CSC markers (CD24, CD29, CD44, CD133, CD166, EpCAM) for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and in vivo transplantation assays. Transplantation of serially diluted bulk cancer cells of human tumors into NOD-SCID mice was performed to investigate the presence of CSCs in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Analogous assays were carried out by injecting esophageal cancer cells sorted by FACS using the same panel of CSC markers as employed for IHC analysis. Results: IHC revealed that the intensity of CD24 and CD29 staining tended to increase along the metaplasia — dysplasia — carcinoma sequence. Cells positive for CD24 or CD29 were mainly located in the basal compartment of the metaplastic and dysplastic epithelium. CD44 showed membranous staining mainly in adenocarcinomas, whereas CD166 revealed pronounced cytoplasmic staining in all stages. Serial transplantation experiments with bulk tumor cells indicated that the frequency of tumor-initiating cells in the Lin- population of esophageal adenocarcinoma is approximately 1:50,000 cells. However, to date no tumor growth was observed when tumor cells of subpopulations expressing the above-described CSC markers were transplanted at lower multiplicities. Conclusions: Tumor-initiating cells in esophageal adenocarcinoma are rare, reflecting a hierarchal organisation. However, surface-antigens that have been established as CSC markers in other malignancies do not seem to enrich for tumor initiating cells in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C6.
Protease inhibitor profiles in urticaria and angio-oedema
Authors: N. EFTEKHARI, A.MILFORD WARD, R. ALLEN, M.W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Protease inhibitor profiles in urticaria and angio‐oedema Get access N. EFTEKHARI, N. EFTEKHARI Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Homerton Grove, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.MILFORD WARD, A.MILFORD WARD Protein Reference Laboratory, Hallamshire Hospital Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield 10 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. ALLEN, R. ALLEN Protein Reference Laboratory, Hallamshire Hospital Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield 10 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. GREAVES M.W. GREAVES Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Homerton Grove, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 1, 1 July 1980, Pages 33–39, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb15835.x Published: 01 July 1980
Morphological classification of human in-vitro fertilization embryos based on the regularity of the asynchronous division process
Authors: C Roux
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

A previous study detailed the morphometric characteristics of living in-vitro fertilized human pronuclear zygotes and cleaved embryos. A comparison of the different embryo cell stages confirmed the asynchronous division process during early embryo development. Global results showed no evidence of morphometrical differences between embryo subpopulations according to their classical microscopical grading. In this report, further information on illumination of human embryos and analysis of image processing is given. Some examples of embryo images belonging to a normal asynchronous division process are shown. A new parameter was retrospectively attributed to each cleaved embryo based on whether or not they were considered to have undergone asynchronous division that qualified as normal. A non-parametric analysis of this preliminary sample showed that this qualifier was correlated with implantation and acted complementarily with embryo grading. In conclusion, the asynchronous division process qualified as normal and its deviations seem to be a new parameter to take into account during embryo scoring.
Tripeptidyl-peptidase II Controls DNA Damage Responses and <i>In vivo</i> γ-Irradiation Resistance of Tumors
Authors: Xu Hong, Lu Lei, Brita Künert, Rajender Naredla, Steven E. Applequist, Alf Grandien, Rickard Glas
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cellular responses to γ-irradiation exposure are controlled by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–related kinases (PIKK) in the nucleus, and in addition, cytosolic PIKKs may have a role in such responses. Here, we show that the expression of tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPPII), a high molecular weight cytosolic peptidase, required PIKK signaling and that TPPII was rapidly translocated into the nucleus of γ-irradiated cells. These events were dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin, a cytosolic/mitochondrial PIKK that is activated by γ-irradiation. Lymphoma cells with inhibited expression of TPPII failed to efficiently stabilize p53 and had reduced ability to arrest proliferation in response to γ-irradiation. We observed that TPPII contains a BRCA COOH-terminal–like motif, contained within sequences of several proteins involved in DNA damage signaling pathways, and this motif was important for nuclear translocation of TPPII and stabilization of p53. Novel tripeptide-based inhibitors of TPPII caused complete in vivo tumor regression in mice in response to relatively low doses of γ-irradiation (3–4 Gy/wk). This was observed with established mouse and human tumors of diverse tissue backgrounds, with no tumor regrowth after cancellation of treatment. These TPPII inhibitors had minor effects on tumor growth as single agent and had low cellular toxicity. Our data indicated that TPPII connects signaling by cytosolic/mitochondrial and nuclear PIKK-dependent pathways and that TPPII can be targeted for inhibition of tumor therapy resistance. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7165–74]