tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serotonin-Induced Hypercontraction Through 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1B Receptors in Atherosclerotic Rabbit Coronary Arteries
Authors: Tatsuro Ishida, Seinosuke Kawashima, Ken-ichi Hirata, Tsuyoshi Sakoda, Yasushi Shimokawa, Yoichi Miwa, Nobutaka Inoue, Tomomi Ueyama, Masashi Shiomi, Hozuka Akita, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Augmented vasoconstriction to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) in atherosclerotic vessels plays a crucial role in the development of myocardial ischemia. We investigated mechanisms for serotonin-evoked hypercontraction in atherosclerotic rabbit coronary arteries. Methods and Results —Contractile responses to serotonergic agents of endothelium-denuded coronary arteries from control and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits (WHHL) were examined. WHHL coronary arteries exhibited hypercontraction to 5-HT 1 –receptor agonists; the constrictor threshold concentrations and ED 50 to serotonin, 5-carboxamidotryptamine, and sumatriptan in WHHL were significantly lower, and the E max in WHHL to these agents were increased 55% to 59% above those of the control. Serotonin-evoked contractions in both groups were inhibited by GR127935 (5-HT 1B/1D antagonist; 0.1 to 1 nmol/L) and pertussis toxin but not by ketanserin (5-HT 2 antagonist; 0.01 to 1 μmol/L), suggesting that the hypercontraction is most likely mediated by 5-HT 1B/1D receptors through a pertussis toxin–sensitive pathway. Furthermore, simultaneous measurements of [Ca 2+ ] i and isometric tension of fura-2–loaded arteries revealed that the hypercontraction was concomitant with the augmented elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i in the smooth muscle. The 5-HT 1B mRNA levels in WHHL coronary arteries increased to 2.5-fold over those in control arteries, whereas neither 5-HT 1D nor 5-HT 2A mRNA was detected in either group. Conclusions —Atherosclerotic rabbit coronary arteries exhibited the enhancement in contraction and Ca 2+ mobilization in response to serotonin. The 5-HT 1B receptor, which is upregulated by atherosclerosis, most likely mediates the augmenting effects of serotonin.
Arthrodesis of the Great Toe
Authors: F. R. Zadik
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA BRITLSH 1573Gram-positive bacilli, mainly extracellular in position, at first thought to be Haemophilus influenzae, in view of the ease with which they could be decolorized, but subsequently identified as Listeria monocytogenes.Similar organisms were isolated from the blood culture after 48 hours' incubation.The organism was resistant to penicillin but sensitive to tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and sulphonamides.The haemoglobin was 17.5 g. / I 00 ml., white-cell count 1 5,800/c.mm.(36% polymorphonuclear leucocytes, 60% lymphocytes, 4% monocytes).Treatment was started with intravenous fluids.Crystalline penicillin, 400.000 units intranuscularly, chloramphenicol, 75 mg.intramuscularly, and sulphadiazine, 150 mg.subcutaneously, were given six-hourly.Penicillin was stopped on the second day and the chloramphenicol and sulphadiazine were given orally after three and five days respec- tively.Intravenous fluid was discontiniued after two days.The child made an excellent response to treatment.On the third day he was apyrexial and started to gain weight; there were no abnormal physical signs five days after admission, and chloramphenicol and sulphadiazine were discontinued.Lumbar puncture was repeated at the end of the third week of the illness, the C.S.F. was sterile, the sugar 44 mg. and protein 150 mg./ 100 ml.Further progress was interrupted by a mild chest infection, but the child was discharged apparently well and gaining weight after five weeks in hospital.
Hepatitis G virus infection in chronic liver disease
Authors: M Guilera, J C Sáiz, F X López-Labrador, E Olmedo, S Ampurdanés, X Forns, J Bruix, A Parés, J M Sánchez-Tapias, M T Jiménez de Anta, J Rodés
Journal: Gut (1998)

The hepatitis G virus (HGV), a recently identified member of the Flaviviridae family, can cause chronic infection in man but the role of this agent in chronic liver disease is poorly understood.To evaluate the prevalence and meaning of HGV infection in a large series of patients with chronic liver disease.Two hundred volunteer blood donors, 179 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 111 with chronic hepatitis B, 104 with alcoholic liver disease, 136 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 24 with cryptogenic chronic liver disease were studied.HGV RNA was investigated in serum samples by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 5' non-coding region of HCV and hybridisation to a specific probe. The main features of HGV RNA seropositive and seronegative patients were compared.The prevalence of HGV infection was 3% in blood donors, 7% in chronic hepatitis C, 8% in chronic hepatitis B, 2% in alcoholic liver disease, 4% in hepatocellular carcinoma, and 8% in cryptogenic chronic liver disease. HGV infected patients tended to be younger than non-infected patients but no differences concerning sex, possible source of infection, clinical manifestations, biochemical and virological parameters, or severity of liver lesions were found.The prevalence of HGV infection in chronic liver disease seems to be relatively low in our area. Infection with HGV does not seem to play a significant pathogenic role in patients with chronic liver disease related to chronic HBV or HCV infection or to increased alcohol consumption, or in those with cryptogenic chronic liver disease.
Animal experimentation and its relevance to man.
Authors: D G Hoel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The problem of quantitatively estimating human cancer risk based upon animal carcinogenesis studies is reviewed. Mathematical functions for dose-response relationships are discussed with particular emphasis on multistage models. These models are based upon a single cell somatic mutation theory for the carcinogenesis process. It is shown that the multistage model and others which incorporate background additively are well approximated in low dose region by a linear function. The relationship between time-to-tumor and the multistage model is indicated. This relationship is important when dealing with less than life time exposure such as with data from many occupational studies. Design of bioassay experiments and its impact on risk estimation is noted. Finally, the problem of species-to-species extrapolation is considered.
Fat Deposition in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Assessed by CMR
Authors: Minjie Lu, Shihua Zhao, Shiliang Jiang, Gang Yin, Cheng Wang, Yan Zhang, Qiong Liu, Huaibing Cheng, Ning Ma, Tao Zhao, Xiuyu Chen, Jinghan Huang, Yubao Zou, Lei Song, Zuoxiang He, Jing An, Jerecic Renate, Hui Xue, Saurabh Shah
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Phospholipase C, calcium, and calmodulin are critical for α4β1 integrin affinity up-regulation and monocyte arrest triggered by chemoattractants
Authors: Sharon J. Hyduk, Jason R. Chan,, Stewart T. Duffy, Mian Chen, Mark D. Peterson, Thomas K. Waddell, Genevieve C. Digby, Katalin Szaszi, Andras Kapus, Myron I. Cybulsky
Journal: Blood (2006)
24. Context-Specific Peptide-Presenting Phage Libraries for Adenoviral Vector Targeting
Authors: Debadyuti Ghosh, Michael A. Barry
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Adenoviruses have developed as attractive method for gene delivery due to their ability to transduce a wide variety of dividing and non-dividing cells. However, their ability to successfully target a given cell type is limited by its evolution to infect a multitude of cell types. As one approach to develop more specific vectors, peptide-presenting phage libraries have been utilized to identify cell-binding peptides to be engineered into gene therapy vectors for retargeting. However, incorporation of selected peptide ligands from the structural context of phage into the differing structural context of a viral capsid protein can ablate the function of the ligand for targeting or disrupt viral assembly and function. In order to circumvent this ligand compatibility problem, we have engineered a |[ldquo]|context-specific|[rdquo]| peptide-presenting phage library. In this library, we have displayed the H and I sheets from the fiber protein of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) on the pIII protein of fd bacteriophage. A twelve amino acid (12-mer) random peptide library was inserted between the H and I sheets on phage. This 10e9 member library was used for peptide selection against C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. Five rounds of selection combined with four rounds of clearing on non-target cells selected one primary peptide designated 12.51, which bound target C2C12 cells approximately 100-fold better than the control RGD peptide. Translation of 12.51 back into the fiber protein produced a ligand-modified adenoviral vector that mediated 17-fold better transduction of target C2C12 cells. Preliminary data also suggest that 12.51 may exhibit tropism towards human skeletal muscle cells.

In summary, we demonstrate proof of principle for the use of relatively large repertoire |[ldquo]|context-specific|[rdquo]| peptide-presenting phage libraries as a potential approach to generate and identify ligands that are compatible when incorporated back into the viral capsid for retargeting.
New HIV cases in England and Wales increase by 20% in past year
Authors: Stephen Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The number of new cases of HIV diagnosed in England and Wales rose by 20% between 2002 and 2003, triggering anxiety among public health authorities.

“The year on year increase we are observing in the number of newly diagnosed HIV infections isa cause for considerable concern,” said Dr Barry Evans from the Health Protection Agency, which released the figures last week. “HIV is an infection that is here to stay.”

So far, 5047 new HIV diagnoses have been recorded for 2003, compared with 4204 at the same timelast year. This follows the 26% increase that took place from 2001 to …
A review of the relationship between depression and diabetes in adults: is there a link?
Authors: F Talbot, A Nouwen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To review the support for two hypotheses concerning the interrelationship between depression and diabetes and to identify areas in which more research is needed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A review was conducted using primarily electronic databases. Articles relating to diabetes and depressive symptomatology, depressive disorder, and dysthymic disorder were selected. The study focuses mainly on adults with diabetes. RESULTS: The initial onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) seems to be independent of the onset of type 2 diabetes, but results remain equivocal for type 1 diabetes. However, in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, diabetes-related psychological and physiological processes may be involved in the higher recurrence and longer duration of MDD and depressive symptomatology CONCLUSIONS: The hypotheses that the initial occurrence of clinically significant depression, MDD, results from either biochemical changes directly due to type 2 diabetes or its treatment or from the psychosocial demands imposed by the illness or its treatment do not seem to be supported. MDD in diabetic individuals represents a multidetermined phenomenon resulting from interactions between biologic and psychosocial factors. This interaction may increase the probability of developing type 2 diabetes in otherwise healthy individuals.
Case of Orbital Abscess Communicating with the Brain
Authors: A. Emrys-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1884)

I TLUt1S%f MEDIC0ALZ 'JOURXAL to show herself.The uterus had never colime dowil siiice leaving the hospital, and the cervix was at least two inches up the vagina.Here again this result depended upon shortening one ligament-only.The fourth patient has had both ligaments shortened, an interval of three weeks intervening between the operations, the ligaments being stitched to the pillars of the ring as well as to the skin.She was uIn- doubtedly the healthiest of those operated upon, and the wounds healed as, I take it, they ought to do, i.e., in about three weeks.The result thus far promises well, for the uterus is well up the vagina; but, see- ing that the ligaments were shortened on May 18th and June 11th only,
Ca2+ current-mediated regulation of action potential by pacing rate in rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: Jérémy Fauconnier, Stéphane Bedut, Jean-Yves Le Guennec, Dominique Babuty, Sylvain Richard
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Pacing rate regulates the duration of the cardiac action potential (AP). It also regulates the decay kinetics of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa-L) which occurs via modulation of Ca2+-dependent inactivation. We investigated whether and how this latter process contributes to frequency-dependent (FD) changes in the AP waveform in rat ventricular cells. Methods: We recorded APs using a microelectrode technique in rat papillary muscles, and using the whole-cell current patch-clamp technique in single rat ventricular cells. Results: The AP duration (APD) was increased by high rates encompassing the physiological range (0.1–5.7 Hz) in both papillary muscles and single cells. This prolongation was accompanied by concomitant depolarisation (∼7 mV at 5.7 Hz) of the membrane potential (MP) in papillary muscles. Equivalent artificial depolarisation of the MP enhanced the FD prolongation in single cells. The FD prolongation was enhanced in presence of the K+ current blocker 4-aminopyridine (5 mmol/l), and decreased in absence of extracellular Ca2+. It was antagonised by Ca2+ channel blockers (Co2+, nifedipine, nitrendipine) and decreased by use of high EGTA (10 vs. 0.5 mmol/l EGTA) or BAPTA (20 mmol/l) in the patch-pipette. It was prevented by ryanodine or thapsigargin, two drugs that reduce or abolish SR-Ca2+ function. Conclusion:ICa-L contributes to the FD modulation of the AP, which occurs following a sudden change in cardiac frequency in rat ventricular cells. This highly dynamic physiological process is related to SR-Ca2+ release and occurs through beat-to-beat adaptation of Ca2+-dependent inactivation of ICa-L.
Pulmonary embolism and splenic infarction in a patient with sickle cell trait
Authors: Jeremy Sugarman, Wayne M. Samuelson, Robert H. Wilkinson, Wendell F. Rosse
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract A 43 year‐old black man with sickle cell trait documented by hemoglobin electrophoresis presented with severe pleuritic chest pain and hypoxemia three weeks after discharge following abdominal surgery. A pulmonary embolus was diagnosed by angiography and he was treated with heparin; the minimum arterial pO 2 was 55 torr while O 2 was being administered at a rate of 3 L/min. During this therapy, he developed abdominal pain. Computerized tomography suggested splenic infarction, which was documented by radionuclide liver‐spleen scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the patient's spleen had been normal at exploratory laparotomy three weeks previously. No source for emboli was identified in the deep venous system by MRI. Although splenic infarction has been reported in patients with sickle cell trait at high altitude, this is the first reported case of splenic infarction secondary to the hypoxemia of pulmonary embolism in a patient with sickle cell trait. The spleen is subject to infarction in sickle cell trait because blood flow is slow through a hypoxemic and acidemic environment. The additional hypoxemia due to pulmonary embolism is presumed, in our patient, to have created a local splenic environment which permitted infarction to occur.
Haemochromatosis presenting as angina and responding to venesection.
Authors: J Feely, T B Counihan
Journal: BMJ (1977)

tions in the appearance or function of a modified spray that had been exposed to 150 cycles of a 150'C autoclave as well as 50 cycles of a 134°C autoclave.Probably many other hospitals may need to pay close attention to this unnecessary, potentially dangerous source of hospital-acquired infection.
PREVALENCE OF CAROTID WALL TRIPLE LINE PATTERN AND ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG INDIVIDUALS UNDERGOING CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS TESTING
Authors: Soo Hyun Kim, Stephen Nicholls, Rula Hajj-Ali, Elaine Husni, Alia Grattan, Mariam Khan, Heather Gornik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Case of Caesarean Section Post Mortem: Transposition of Viscera
Authors: E. Buckell
Journal: BMJ (1877)

I sum up in the following propositions.I.We have no specific for rheumatic fever.2. Salicin and salicylic acid appear to have had more influence over the disease than any other remedies, and they therefore deserve an extended trial.3. These drugs lessen the chance of complications in the same pro- portion as they shorten the disease.4. The value of statistics of limited numbers in acute rheumatism is small, owing to the uncertainty of the disease.
Remarks ON THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS, With Special Reference to Intramuscular Injections
Authors: G. Pernet
Journal: BMJ (1907)

MARCH 30, 19-0, say most of these patients die within one year of the diagnosis of albuminuric retinitis, but as vision is often for some time so little affected, patients do not probably seek advice at first, and therefore this rule cannot be made hard and fast.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERFORATION OF THE BOWEL IN TYPHOID.
Authors: CLARENCE D. SELBY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the bowel perforation of typhoid fever and the bowel perforation of appendicitis we have, in a measure, allied surgical conditions. They are similar in that both result in peritonitis by the extravasation of the bowel contents into the peritoneal cavity. They are also similar in that the locations of both are, under ordinary circumstances, in the right iliac fossa. Given these anatomic similarities, why is the one so uniformly fatal and the other so uniformly successful in its issue? The surgical indications and the principles of treatment are identical, consequently, the conclusion necessarily follows that were the cases of perforation of the bowel in typhoid all accorded the prompt and active surgical care that a perforated appendix receives the outcome would be different. To be sure, the patient with typhoid is seriously handicapped by the already existing typhoid infection, but that in itself, unless of serious degree, is no
Magnesium Sulfate and Digitalis-Toxic Arrhythmias-Reply
Authors: L. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Sheehan states that idionodal tachycardia is also known to occur in healthy persons and patients with various forms of cardiac disease. In his book,<i>The Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm</i>, Leo Schamroth<sup>1</sup>states that idionodal tachycardia is associated with digitalis intoxication, acute inferior myocardial infarction, or acute carditis—mostly rheumatic. Our patients definitely had neither myocardial infarction nor acute carditis. Since magnesium deficiency is associated with both ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, Dr Sheehan raises the theoretical possibility that the idionodal tachycardia was caused by the intrinsic arrhythmogenic effect of magnesium deficiency. Idionodal tachycardia has never been described in association with magnesium deficiency! The associated arrhythmias were almost always found in hypomagnesemic patients. Idionodal tachycardia appeared in five of our patients with normal serum magnesium levels. Relying on his personal experience with one single unpublished case, Dr Sheehan states that the validity of lymphocyte magnesium as an accurate marker of
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF MALPOSITION OF THE APPENDIX
Authors: H. T. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1918)

I was called, in this very unusual case, on the night of July 28. A boy, aged 4 years, with a good previous history, was found to be suffering from a typical acute attack of appendicitis, and was removed to the hospital for immediate operation. Under anesthesia the mass over McBurney's point was not only palpable but readily discernible by all present. When the abdomen was opened, there was a slight flow of brownish fluid; the mass, which was discovered to be the head of the cecum, persistently protuded itself within the field of operation, so that it was necessary to enlarge the incision. Diligent and painstaking search for the appendix revealed only a perfectly formed cecum and ileum, but not a vestige of an appendix, not even a dimple on the cecum that might have revealed a possible collapsed or inverted appendix. The cecum and ileum could easily be
In vivo time-dependent gene expression of cationic lipid-based emulsion as a stable and biocompatible non-viral gene carrier
Authors: Seok Min Kwon, Hae Yun Nam, Taehwan Nam, Kyeongsoon Park, Seulki Lee, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Jun Kim, Dongmin Kang, Jae Hyung Park, Seo Young Jeong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Fluid Secretion in Isolated Proximal Straight Renal Tubules EFFECT OF HUMAN UREMIC SERUM
Authors: Jared J. Grantham, Richard L. Irwin, Patti B. Qualizza, Donald R. Tucker, Frederick C. Whittier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

We have examined the effect of normal and uremic human sera on the transtubular flow of fluid in isolated perfused segments of rabbit proximal convoluted and straight renal tubules. Proximal convoluted and straight tubules absorbed fluid from the lumen when the external bath was normal rabbit serum. Normal human sera in the bath depressed net fluid absorption in both tubular segments, but more importantly, uremic human serum caused proximal straight tubules to secrete fluid into the lumen. Fluid secretion was also demonstrated indirectly by observing in nonperfused proximal straight, but not proximal convoluted tubules, that the normally collapsed lumens opened widely in uremic serum. Nonperfused proximal straight tubules developed expanded lumens even after a 25-fold dilution of human uremic serum with normal rabbit serum, whereas lumen expansion occurred only in undiluted normal human serum, on the average. Serum from acutely uremic rabbits possessed secretory activity but normal rabbit serum did not. The secretory effect of uremic sera in proximal straight tubules was inhibited by cooling and ouabain and probenecid. The secretory activity of uremic sera was removed by dialysis, but not by freezing or boiling. Para-aminohippurate and benzoate caused fluid secretion in proximal straight tubules but urea, creatinine, guanidinosuccinate, and urate did not. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the secretory factor in serum may be a substance or group of substances possibly related to the hippurate class of organic molecules that are accumulated to relatively high concentrations in renal failure. The secretory material in the serum of uremic patients may significantly influence the transport of salt and water in relatively intact residual nephrons.