tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences in efficacy between intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses for patients with psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis: clinical and pharmacoeconomic implications
Authors: R. Schiffner, J. Schiffner-Rohe, M. Gerstenhauer, F. Hofstadter, M. Landthaler, W. Stolz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Differences in efficacy between intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses for patients with psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis: clinical and pharmacoeconomic implications Get access R. Schiffner, R. Schiffner Department of Dermatology, Cancer Registry Center Regensburg, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Schiffner‐Rohe, J. Schiffner‐Rohe Department of Dermatology, Cancer Registry Center Regensburg, Dr. med. Roman Schiffner. E‐mail: jr.schiffner@t‐online.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Gerstenhauer, M. Gerstenhauer Department of Dermatology, Cancer Registry Center Regensburg, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Hofstädter, F. Hofstädter Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Landthaler, M. Landthaler Department of Dermatology, Cancer Registry Center Regensburg, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Stolz W. Stolz Department of Dermatology, Cancer Registry Center Regensburg, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 6, 1 June 2001, Pages 1154–1160, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04234.x Published: 01 June 2001
Antigenemia in Fulminant Pneumococcemia
Authors: J. DONALD COONROD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Two asplenic patients with fulminant pneumococcemia developed purpura and coagulopathy. Levels of C3 and C4 in the serum were low. Both patients had high levels of circulating capsular polysaccharide, and one patient had visible diplococci on a smear of the peripheral blood. Pneumococcal group C polysaccharide (C-substance) was detected in the serum of one of the patients. Possible pathogenetic relation of circulating pneumococcal antigens to the development of coagulopathy in pneumococcemia is discussed.
Distribution and activity of glutamine synthase and carbamoylphosphate synthase upon enlargement of the liver lobule by repeated partial hepatectomies
Authors: Gerry T.M. Wagenaar, Robert A.F.M. Chamuleau, Christiaan W. Pool, Jan G. de Haan, Martinus A.W. Maas, Hans A.M. Korfage, Wouter H. Lamers
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
How effective is nicotine replacement therapy in helping people to stop smoking?
Authors: J L Tang, M Law, N Wald
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy in helping people to stop smoking. <b>Design</b>: Analysis of the results of 28 randomised trials of nicotine 2 mg chewing gum, six trials of nicotine 4 mg chewing gum, and six trials of nicotine transdermal patch. <b>Subjects and setting</b>: Subjects were self referred (responding to advertisements or attending anti-smoking clinics) in 20 trials and invited (general practice or hospital patients) in 20. Therapists in self referred trials were generally experienced in helping people stop smoking but not in invited trials. Main outcome measure - Efficacy was defined as difference in percentages of treated and control subjects who had stopped smoking at one year. Results - Efficacy was highly significant (P&lt;0.001) for both gum and patch. Nicotine 2 mg chewing gum had an overall efficacy of 6% (95% confidence interval 4% to 8%), greater in self referred subjects than in invited subjects (11% v 3%). Efficacy depended on the extent of dependence on nicotine as assessed by a simple questionnaire; it was 16% (7% to 25%) in "high dependence" smokers, but in "low dependence" smokers there was no significant effect. The 4 mg gum was effective in about one third of "high dependence" smokers. The efficacy of the nicotine patch (9% (6% to 13%) overall) was less strongly related to nicotine dependence, perhaps because the patch cannot deliver a bolus of nicotine to satisfy craving. <b>Conclusions</b>: Both gum and patch are effective aids to help nicotine dependent smokers who seek help in stopping. Among the most highly nicotine dependent smokers (those craving a cigarette on waking) the 4 mg gum is the most effective form of replacement therapy; it could enable one third to stop. In less highly dependent smokers the different preparations are comparable in their efficacy but the patch offers greater convenience and minimal need for instruction in its use. Overall, nicotine replacement therapy could enable about 15% of smokers who seek help in stopping smoking to give up the habit.
Control of renin secretion in the dog. Effects of furosemide on the vascular and macula densa receptors.
Authors: W A Corsini, J B Hook, M D Bailie
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Experiments were undertaken to investigate further the effect of furosemide on renin secretion in the anesthetized dog. To separate the effects of the macula densa and the baroreceptor mechanisms, experiments were conducted in kidneys made nonfiltering by combining 2.5 hours of renal ischemia with ureteral ligation. Furosemide, in a dose of 5 mg/kg, increased renin secretion and decreased renal resistance in dogs with a nonfiltering kidney. Prior dilation of the nonfiltering kidney with either acetylcholine or papaverine prevented changes in both resistance and renin secretion. However, following dilation of the intact filtering kidney with acetylcholine, furosemide caused an increase in renin secretion. Infusion of d,l-propranolol decreased renin secretion in both the filtering and the nonfiltering kidneys. Following propranolol treatment, furosemide increased renin secretion in the filtering kidney but had no effect on renal resistance. These experiments indicate that furosemide stimulates renin secretion by both the macula densa and the baroreceptor mechanisms. The data suggest that stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system may alter renin secretion by modulating the renal baroreceptor, but sympathetic innervation does not appear to be involved in the macula densa mechanism.
Circulating Immune Complexes in the Serum in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and in Carriers of Hepatitis B Antigen QUANTITATION BY BINDING TO RADIOLABELED Clq
Authors: Urs E. Nydegger, Paul H. Lambert, Heidi Gerber, Peter A. Miescher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

A sensitive and reproducible procedure for the detection of soluble immune complexes in sera from patients with various immunopathological disorders is reported. Radiolabeled C1q is reacted with sera containing immune complexes. Separation of free from complex bound [125I]C1q is achieved by selective precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The method is based on both the large molecular size and the C1q-binding property characterizing immune complexes. The minimal amount of aggregated immunoglobulins thus detected is about 10 μg and that of soluble human IgG-anti-IgG complexes is about 3 μg of complexed antibody. Some immune complexes formed in large antigen excess (Ag2Ab) can still be detected by this radiolabeled C1q binding assay. The specificity of the radiolabeled C1q binding test was documented by the inability of antigen-F(ab′)2 antibody complexes to lead to a precipitation of [125I]C1q in PEG.
The earliest days of first aid
Authors: J. Pearn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

First aid, as a profession in its own right, has a history of only 120 years. It evolved from the teachings of the Royal Humane Society and military surgeons, who saw the wisdom of training in splinting and bandaging for battlefield wounds. In 1878 two Aberdeenshire military officers, Surgeon-Major Peter Shepherd of the Royal Herbert Military Hospital, Woolwich, London, and Colonel Francis Duncan established the concept of teaching first aid skills to civilians. This radical new enterprise, conducted under the auspices of the newly formed St John Ambulance Association, was a natural evolution from the body's philanthropic and ambulance transport work. Shepherd conducted the first class in the hall of the Presbyterian school in Woolwich using a comprehensive first aid curriculum that he had developed. Within months of that first class, local Woolwich civilians used their skills when the pleasure boat Princess Alice sank in the Thames at Woolwich, killing 600 people. Within a decade, the new discipline of first aid spread rapidly throughout the world, and by the end of the 19th century, hundreds of thousands of St John first aid certificates had been awarded in four continents. Shepherd's pioneering classes changed the world's concept of the need for the provision of skilled prehospital care.
Functional and haemodynamic recovery after implantation of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices in comparison with pulsatile left ventricular assist devices in patients with end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Ralph V. Pruijsten, Sjoukje I. Lok, Hans H. Kirkels, Corinne Klöpping, Jaap R. Lahpor, Nicolaas de Jonge
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Defining the Pathway for Tat-mediated Delivery of β-Glucuronidase in Cultured Cells and MPS VII Mice
Authors: Koji O. Orii, Jeffrey H. Grubb, Carole Vogler, Beth Levy, Yun Tan, Kamelia Markova, Beverly L. Davidson, Q. Mao, Tadao Orii, Naomi Kondo, William S. Sly
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We used recombinant forms of human beta-glucuronidase (GUS) purified from secretions from stably transfected CHO cells to compare the native enzyme to a GUS-Tat C-terminal fusion protein containing the 11-amino-acid HIV Tat protein transduction domain for: (1) susceptibility to endocytosis by cultured cells, (2) rate of clearance following intravenous infusion, and (3) tissue distribution and effectiveness in clearing lysosomal storage following infusion in the MPS VII mouse. We found: (1) Native GUS was more efficiently taken up by cultured human fibroblasts and its endocytosis was exclusively mediated by the M6P receptor. The GUS-Tat fusion protein showed only 30-50% as much M6P-receptor-mediated uptake, but also was taken up by adsorptive endocytosis through binding of the positively charged Tat peptide to cell surface proteoglycans. (2) GUS-Tat was less rapidly cleared from the circulation in the rat (t(1/2) = 13 min vs 7 min). (3) Delivery to most tissues of the MPS VII mouse was similar, but GUS-Tat was more efficiently delivered to kidney. Histology showed that GUS-Tat more efficiently reduced storage in renal tubules, retina, and bone. These studies demonstrate that Tat modification can extend the range of tissues corrected by infused enzyme.
THE GRAYING OF HAIR
Authors: Aleš Hrdlička
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> On numerous recent occasions the subject of gray hair and the possible effects on it of various vitamins or other chemical substances have been dealt with more or less in scientific and medical literature, includingThe Journal(January 24, p. 302); but so far as I am aware not one of the writers has attempted to explain to himself and others what gray hair really means and how it could possibly be affected. It may seem elementary, but it might be useful to ask ourselves just what is hair and what are its functions? These queries might seem to be adequately answered by the statement that hair is an appendage of the skin and serves for protection of the surface of the body. But this is not the whole story. The hair, collectively, is not a mere appendage of the skin but also a form of an
FDA says that bisphenol A in food is safe, despite controversy
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The head of the US Food and Drug Administration, Andrew von Eschenbach, has told consumers that they should not stop using plastic products such as water bottles because they contain the chemical bisphenol A. But in future they would see messages on plastic water bottles saying that they are “BPA free.”

Writing in his “Andy’s Take” column on the FDA website on 15 August, he acknowledged that “you are now hearing that bisphenol A—or BPA—in plastic products might affect hormones in development” (www.fda.gov/oc/vonEschenbach/andys_take). But he said that the FDA’s review of the evidence did not indicate that people should stop using the products.

Nevertheless the FDA will …
Psychiatric Evaluations for Young Men Facing the Draft: A Report of 147 Cases
Authors: ROBERT PAUL LIBERMAN, STEPHEN M. SONNENBERG, MELVIN S. STERN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

This study describes psychiatric evaluations of 147 young men anticipating the draft; the material elicited contributed to a clinical picture of unsuitability for military service. The subjects fell within two broad groups: anxious, depressed, goal-directed individuals who were strongly resistant to authority, and withdrawn, aimless dropouts. Follow-up revealed that 96 percent of the respondents were subsequently deferred. The authors feel that civilian psychiatrists have a responsibility to maintain their patients' health, which is often incompatible with military service.
Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease in Scotland.
Authors: A D Hargreaves, R L Logan, M Thomson, R A Elton, M F Oliver, R A Riemersma
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate long term changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and in measures of other risk factors for coronary heart disease and to assess their importance for the development of coronary heart disease in Scottish men. DESIGN--Longitudinal study entailing follow up in 1988-9 of men investigated during a study in 1976. SETTING--Edinburgh, Scotland. SUBJECTS--107 men from Edinburgh who had taken part in a comparative study of risk factors for heart disease with Swedish men in 1976 when aged 40. INTERVENTION--The men were invited to attend a follow up clinic in 1988-9 for measurement of cholesterol concentrations and other risk factor measurements. Eighty three attended and 24 refused to or could not attend. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, body weight, weight to height index, prevalence of smoking, and alcohol intake; number of coronary artery disease events. RESULTS--Mean serum total cholesterol concentration increased over the 12 years mainly due to an increase in the low density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction (from 3.53 (SD 0.09) to 4.56 (0.11) mmol/l) despite a reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Body weight and weight to height index increased. Fewer men smoked more than 15 cigarettes/day in 1988-9 than in 1976. Blood pressure remained stable and fasting triglyceride concentrations did not change. The frequency of corneal arcus doubled. Alcohol consumption decreased significantly. Eleven men developed clinical coronary heart disease. High low density lipoprotein and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in 1976, but not total cholesterol concentration, significantly predicted coronary heart disease (p = 0.05). Almost all of the men who developed coronary heart disease were smokers (91% v 53%, p less than 0.05). CONCLUSION--Over 12 years the lipid profile deteriorated significantly in this healthy cohort of young men. Smoking, a low high density lipoprotein concentration and a raised low density lipoprotein concentration were all associated with coronary heart disease in middle aged Scottish men, whereas there was no association for total cholesterol concentration. The findings have implications for screening programmes.
Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Biopsies from the Iliac Crest of Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sarah L. Elkin, Shobna Vedi, Sharyn Bord, Nigel J. Garrahan, Margaret E. Hodson, Juliet E. Compston
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

This study reports the results of quantitative analysis of iliac bone histology in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and low bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty patients with CF had bone biopsies taken after double tetracycline labeling. Histomorphometric measurements were made by image analysis, and data were compared with those of healthy control subjects. Cancellous bone area was lower in the patients with CF (p = 0.003), and there was a trend towards a decrease in cancellous bone connectivity. Bone formation rate at tissue level was significantly lower in patients with CF (p = 0.0002). Wall width, representing the amount of bone formed within individual remodeling units, was decreased (p < 0.0001), as was mineralizing perimeter and mineral apposition rate. Analysis of resorption cavities revealed lower cavity area, reconstructed surface lengths, and cavity depths (p < 0.003) in patients with CF, whereas eroded surface area was higher (p = 0.0004). Our results demonstrate low cancellous bone volume in adult patients with CF with low BMD, the main cause of which appears to be low bone formation at tissue and cellular level. Osteomalacia was diagnosed in one patient. This condition should be excluded as a cause of low bone mineral density in patients with CF and vitamin D insufficiency corrected.
Antigenic Determinants of Hypersensitivity Reactions.
Authors: H. N. Eisen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Antigenic Determinants of Hypersensitivity Reactions.H. N. Eisen, M.D.H. N. Eisen, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-687_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAntigenic determinants are those parts of antigen molecules which are critically involved in the binding of antigens by antibodies. They are, therefore, the segments of antigens which determine specificity of allergic reactions. The definition of antigenic determinants is illustrated with the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group as a model system. Penicillin allergy in man obeys the same general principles observed in the dinitrophenyl system. The determinants of penicillin allergy in man are defined. Reagents which incorporate these determinants have been prepared and used to skin test about 1,500 human subjects. The results are in good agreement with previous histories of penicillin allergy and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Mo. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 687-687KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAntibodiesAntigensHypersensitivityPenicillinSkin testsSpecificity Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Factors Modifying Cyclopropane-Epinephrine Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: PETER E. DRESEL, MORLEY C. SUTTER
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Constantly coupled bigeminal rhythm of long duration induced by infusion of epinephrine into cyclopropane-anesthetized dogs may be converted to multifocal ventricular tachycardia by increasing the blood pressure without changing the infusion rate. Multifoeal arrhythmia may be converted to bigerniny or to sinus rhythm by decreasing the blood pressure but is not converted to ventricular fibrillation by an increase in systemic pressure. Stimulation of the peripheral end of either vagus can convert bigerniny to normal rhythm or increase the coupling interval. Multifocal ventricular tachycardia is converted to sinus rhythm or to bigeminy by stimulation of the vagus. The vagal effect, which is blocked uniformly by atropine, also may be demonstrated when the atrial rate is maintained constant. Vagal stimulation does not increase the threshold dose of epinephrine necessary for induction of ventricular fibrillation. It is concluded that multifocal ventricular tachycardia is due to a mechanism similar to that causing bigeminy, which was shown previously not to be due to the emergence of a focus of increased ventricular automaticity. Both of these arrhythmias probably originate in the bundle of His and differ fundamentally from ventricular fibrillation.
Abstract 2708: The TWEAK-FN14 pathway promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis through the NFκB pathway.
Authors: Juan Juan Yin, Yen-Nien Liu, Ben Barrett, Lei Fang, Ross Lake, Orla Casey, Heather Tillman, Yvona Ward, Kathleen Kelly
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Advanced prostate cancer is highly associated with castration resistance and the development of bone metastases. Understanding the mechanisms contributing to prostate cancer bone metastasis is needed in order to develop novel therapeutic agents. NFκB signaling has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. The Tweak-Fn14 axis, which activates both canonical and non-canonical NFκB pathways, has been shown to be up-regulated in many cancer types. However, the role of the Tweak-Fn14 signaling in prostate cancer progression has not been investigated. In this study, we show that oncogenic Ras transformation of the AR negative, DU145 cell line led to the acquisition of bone metastatic capability and associated increased expression of TWEAK and FN14. Knocking down FN14 using shRNAs, as well as blocking the NFκB pathway using an IKBα super repressor, in DU145/Rasb1 cells, significantly inhibited bone metastasis and improved survival. This inhibitory effect of FN14shRNA was fully rescued by activating the NFκB canonical pathway, but not the NFκB non-canonical pathway. FN14 expression is also high in the bone metastatic, AR negative prostate cancer PC3 cell line. Similarly, knocking-down FN14 in PC3 cells inhibited bone metastatic capacity following intracardiac inoculation in a xenograft model. TWEAK and FN14 are relatively low or undetectable in AR positive prostate cancer cell lines including Lncap and 22RV1. AR binding was detected in both TWEAK and FN14 promoters as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis in Lncap. Reporter assays demonstrated that AR binding inhibited FN14 and TWEAK transcription. The above experimental models were further supported by analyses of publically available expression data sets for clinical prostate cancer samples that showed FN14 expression was inversely correlated with AR gene expression signatures. In addition, individual FN14 RNA mean expression was higher in clinical metastasis of castrate (n=11) as compared to non-castrate (n=8) patients. We propose that down-regulation of AR activity under castrate conditions may lead to increased FN14 expression and NFκB activation, which provides a survival benefit for prostate cancer cells associated with disease progression. Therefore, targeting the TWEAK-FN14 pathway in prostate cancer patients provides potential, new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: Juan Juan Yin, Yen-Nien Liu, Ben Barrett, Lei Fang, Ross Lake, Orla Casey, Heather Tillman, Yvona Ward, Kathleen Kelly. The TWEAK-FN14 pathway promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis through the NFκB pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2708. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2708
Lymphatic endothelial cells induce tolerance via PD-L1 and lack of costimulation leading to high-level PD-1 expression on CD8 T cells
Authors: Eric F. Tewalt, Jarish N. Cohen, Sherin J. Rouhani, Cynthia J. Guidi, Hui Qiao, Shawn P. Fahl, Mark R. Conaway, Timothy P. Bender, Kenneth S. Tung, Anthony T. Vella, Adam J. Adler, Lieping Chen, Victor H. Engelhard
Journal: Blood (2012)