tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term Renal Prognosis of Diarrhea-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Amit X. Garg, Rita S. Suri, Nick Barrowman, Faisal Rehman, Doug Matsell, M. Patricia Rosas-Arellano, Marina Salvadori, R. Brian Haynes, William F. Clark
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The long-term renal prognosis of patients with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) remains controversial.To quantify the long-term renal prognosis of patients with diarrhea-associated HUS and to identify reasons for different estimates provided in the literature.We searched MEDLINE and Experta Medica (EMBASE) bibliographic databases and conference proceedings, and we contacted experts until February 2003. We also searched the Institute for Scientific Information index and reference lists of all studies that fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The search strategy included the terms hemolytic-uremic syndrome, purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic, Escherichia coli O157, longitudinal studies, kidney diseases, hypertension, and proteinuriaAny study that followed up 10 or more patients with primary diarrhea-associated HUS for at least 1 year for renal sequelae.Two authors independently abstracted data on study and patient characteristics, renal measures, outcomes, and prognostic features. Disagreements were resolved by a third author or by consensus.Forty-nine studies of 3476 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.4 years (range, 1-22 years at last follow-up) from 18 countries, 1950 to 2001, were summarized. At the time of recruitment, patients were aged 1 month to 18 years. In the different studies, death or permanent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) ranged from 0% to 30%, with a pooled incidence of 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%-15%). A glomerular filtration rate lower than 80 mL/min per 1.73 m2, hypertension, or proteinuria was extremely variable and ranged from 0% to 64%, with a pooled incidence of 25% (95% CI, 20%-30%). A higher severity of acute illness was strongly associated with worse long-term prognosis. Studies with a higher proportion of patients with central nervous system symptoms (coma, seizures, or stroke) had a higher proportion of patients who died or developed permanent ESRD at follow-up (explaining 44% of the between-study variability, P =.01). Studies with a greater proportion of patients lost to follow-up also described a worse prognosis (P =.001) because these patients were typically healthier than those followed up. One or more years after diarrhea-associated HUS, patients with a predicted creatinine clearance higher than 80 mL/min per 1.73 m2, no overt proteinuria, and no hypertension appeared to have an excellent prognosis.Death or ESRD occurs in about 12% of patients with diarrhea-associated HUS, and 25% of survivors demonstrate long-term renal sequelae. Patients lost to follow-up contribute to worse estimates in some studies. The severity of acute illness, particularly central nervous system symptoms and the need for initial dialysis, is strongly associated with a worse long-term prognosis.
Statistical issues in the design, analysis and interpretation of animal carcinogenicity studies.
Authors: J K Haseman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Statistical issues in the design, analysis and interpretation of animal carcinogenicity studies are discussed. In the area of experimental design, issues that must be considered include randomization of animals, sample size considerations, dose selection and allocation of animals to experimental groups, and control of potentially confounding factors. In the analysis of tumor incidence data, survival differences among groups should be taken into account. It is important to try to distinguish between tumors that contribute to the death of the animal and
A Phase II Study of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Panobinostat (LBH589) in Pretreated Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Filippo de Marinis, Akin Atmaca, Marcello Tiseo, Libero Giuffreda, Antonio Rossi, Vittorio Gebbia, Chiara D’ Antonio, Laura Dal Zotto, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Silvia Marsoni, Martin Wolf
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Biopsies from one tumour have more genetic differences than similarities, finds study
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Taking a single biopsy from just one part of a tumour may fail to provide a full picture of its genetic landscape, indicates the first study to analyse the full genome in different regions of the same tumour, which shows much greater variation in mutations than previously thought.

Two thirds (66-69%) of mutations identified in the study were not shared by different biopsies taken from the same tumour. This may help to explain why using single biopsies to identify biomarkers used to direct treatment with molecular targeted therapies has often proved unsuccessful in improving long term survival from cancer.

Researchers at Cancer Research UK’s London Research Institute and University College London’s Cancer Institute analysed the …
We must reconfigure healthcare providers
Authors: J. A. Smallwood
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The time has come to tackle the configuration of healthcare providers in the NHS. Do we need the current number and disposition of hospitals to meet the population’s health needs, evidence based practice and quality targets? Can we afford to sustain so many small independent general practices from the public purse? Are providers fit for purpose, and are they working well together in the interests of patients? Has the piecemeal introduction of competition produced high quality, cost effective care?

In my health economy, serving a population of about two million people, there are seven acute hospitals and two large community hospitals within a fifty mile radius, with two acute hospitals only twelve miles apart. In two modest sized local rural towns, there are three independent general practices with extensive premises within a five minute walk of each other. Current provider configurations, it seems, have often grown randomly, without long term vision. Yet explicit proposals for modification are frequently halted by the mistrustful responses …
Lipoid Pneumonia Caused By Methenamine Mandelate Suspension
Authors: Raymond J. Timmerman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Two senile individuals with dysphagia developed lipoid pneumonia subsequent to the administration of methenamine mandelate (Mandelamine) suspension, 250 mg methenamine mandelate/teaspoon. Methenamine suspension forte (double strength) contains oil of sesame (USP) and hydrogenated castor oil. Methenamine mandelate suspension contains these two ingredients plus champagne cider oil. Methenamine mandelate should be given to dysphagic patients in the form of crushed tablets mixed with semisolid food.
Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kevan C. Herold, William Hagopian, Julie A. Auger, Ena Poumian-Ruiz, Lesley Taylor, David Donaldson, Stephen E. Gitelman, David M. Harlan, Danlin Xu, Robert A. Zivin, Jeffrey A. Bluestone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the pathogenic action of T lymphocytes on insulin-producing beta cells. Previous clinical studies have shown that continuous immune suppression temporarily slows the loss of insulin production. Preclinical studies suggested that a monoclonal antibody against CD3 could reverse hyperglycemia at presentation and induce tolerance to recurrent disease.
1001-2 Is the “hub-and-spoke” model working? Patterns of transfer for high-risk acute coronary syndromes patients from community hospitals without revascularization capacity
Authors: Matthew T Roe, William E Boden, Anita Chen, James E Calvin, Sidney C Smith, E.Magnus Ohman, W.Brian Gibler, Charles V Pollack, Ralph G Brindis, Robert M Califf, Eric D Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Scientific Foundations of Anaesthesia: The Basis of Intensive Care
Authors: Andrew Karlin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The previous edition of this book often disappointed me. I seldom found exactly what I needed when looking something up, but I did find useful information often enough to continue consulting it. This new fourth edition is only somewhat more satisfying. According to the editors, about half this edition is new. It has a more international flavor, and what began as essentially a British effort is now almost half American. It also carries a new subtitle, "The Basis of Intensive Care," which does not mean that the editors have expanded their focus, but rather that the material presented "is not only the basis of anaesthesia but also the foundation of intensive care." The first section deals with physics. For the most part, these chapters are well written and topics are clearly explained. Since most American anesthesia texts devote so little space to physics, this section is especially appealing. It would
ALTERATIONS OF BILE PIGMENT METABOLISM IN BILIARY TRACT DISEASE
Authors: GEORGE P. MULLER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The surgeon is frequently called on to perform operations on the extrahepatic bile passages without adequate knowledge of the extent of the hepatic lesion. Too often emphasis is placed on the disease of the gallbladder or common duct only, without estimating the associated hepatic damage. It has seemed to us that the extent of hepatic damage in all surgical lesions of the biliary apparatus should be determined, previous to operation, in the hope that some light might be thrown on the operative prognosis and the end-result.  An accurate estimation of hepatic damage is complicated and complex because of the manifold functions of the liver. We have, therefore, confined ourselves in this study to an investigation of the pigment metabolism of the liver. We realize that this presents only one aspect of the subject, but we believe that if this function shows any alteration, in the absence of gross obstruction, it
1128 RELAPSING FEATURES OF BILE SALT EXPORT PUMP (BSEP) DEFICIENCY IN TWO PATIENTS SUCCESSFULLY TRANSPLANTED FOR PROGRESSIVE FAMILIAL INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS TYPE 2 (PFIC2)
Authors: G. Maggiore, M. Fabre, M. Sciveres, M.J. Redon, B. Stieger, A. Davit-Spraul, E. Jaquemin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Cerebrovascular hemodynamics in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: A meta-analysis of transcranial Doppler studies
Authors: Behnam Sabayan, Steffy Jansen, Anna M. Oleksik, Matthias J.P. van Osch, Mark A. van Buchem, Peter van Vliet, Anton J.M. de Craen, Rudi G.J. Westendorp
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2011)
Risk factors for recurrent tuberculosis in England and Wales, 1998-2005
Authors: J P Crofts, N J Andrews, R D Barker, V Delpech, I Abubakar
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Information on recurrent tuberculosis can provide an indication of the effectiveness of tuberculosis services and identify patients who are most vulnerable. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of, and investigate risk factors for, recurrent episodes of tuberculosis in England and Wales. <h3>Methods</h3> Episodes of recurrent tuberculosis were identified among prospectively collected records of tuberculosis cases reported to the Health Protection Agency between 1998 and 2005. An episode of recurrent tuberculosis was defined as a re-notified case in the same patient after at least 12 months from the date of the initial notification. To estimate incidence, follow-up time was calculated for all cases until re-notification or censure. Multivariable Cox proportionate hazard models were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) for recurrence of tuberculosis and investigate the risk associated with clinical, demographic and microbiological factors. <h3>Results</h3> Five hundred and eighty-eight recurrent tuberculosis events were identified among 53 214 cases reported between 1998 and 2005, a rate of 4.1 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.5) episodes per 1000 person years of follow-up. Factors independently associated with a greater risk of recurrent tuberculosis were HIV co-infection (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.38) and belonging to a South Asian ethnic group (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.93). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Tuberculosis recurrence is uncommon in England and Wales despite the absence of a universal directly observed treatment policy. The identification of HIV co-infection as a risk factor for recurrent tuberculosis is consistent with findings elsewhere. The higher risk among South Asians, however, requires further investigation.
Are basophil histamine release and high affinity IgE receptor expression involved in asymptomatic skin sensitization?
Authors: B. M. Jensen, K. Assing, L. Hummelshoj, C. Glue, P. S. Skov, L. K. Poulsen
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐sensitized persons with positive skin prick test, but no allergy symptoms, are classified as being asymptomatic skin sensitized (AS). The allergic type 1 disease is dependant on IgE binding to the high affinity IgE‐receptor (Fc ɛ RI) expressed on basophils and mast cells. However, a relationship between the AS status and Fc ɛ RI has not been investigated. We aimed to characterize basophils from AS by looking at histamine release (HR) (sensitivity and reactivity) and the Fc ɛ RI molecule, and compare it with nonatopic (NA) or allergic (A) persons. Methods: Blood was obtained from NA ( n = 14), grass and/or birch A persons ( n = 17) and mono‐sensitized grass or birch pollen AS ( n = 12). The basophil sensitivity and reactivity were examined by anti‐IgE triggered HR. Surface expression of Fc ɛ RI and IgE were measured by flow cytometry, Fc ɛ RI α protein was identified using a radioimmunoassay and Western blot. mRNA coding for the classic Fc ɛ RI β ‐chain and the truncated form (Fc ɛ RI β T ) were determined by real‐time PCR. Results: The AS group was less reactive than NA or A persons when triggered by anti‐IgE and had a significant higher number of nonresponders. However, there was no difference in sensitivity among the three groups and furthermore; the groups did not vary in Fc ɛ RI‐ and IgE‐surface expression, Fc ɛ RI α ‐protein level or β / β T ratio. Conclusion: Basophils from AS persons are less reactive and include more nonresponders than basophils from NA and A persons, but do not differ regarding the Fc ɛ RI molecule.
Whole-exome sequencing in adult ETP-ALL reveals a high rate of DNMT3A mutations
Authors: Martin Neumann, Sandra Heesch, Cornelia Schlee, Stefan Schwartz, Nicola Gökbuget, Dieter Hoelzer, Nikola P. Konstandin, Bianka Ksienzyk, Sebastian Vosberg, Alexander Graf, Stefan Krebs, Helmut Blum, Thorsten Raff, Monika Brüggemann, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Jochen Hecht, Stefan K. Bohlander, Philipp A. Greif, Claudia D. Baldus
Journal: Blood (2013)
Concordance among Gene-Expression–Based Predictors for Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Fan, Daniel S. Oh, Lodewyk Wessels, Britta Weigelt, Dimitry S.A. Nuyten, Andrew B. Nobel, Laura J. van't Veer, Charles M. Perou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Gene-expression-profiling studies of primary breast tumors performed by different laboratories have resulted in the identification of a number of distinct prognostic profiles, or gene sets, with little overlap in terms of gene identity.To compare the predictions derived from these gene sets for individual samples, we obtained a single data set of 295 samples and applied five gene-expression-based models: intrinsic subtypes, 70-gene profile, wound response, recurrence score, and the two-gene ratio (for patients who had been treated with tamoxifen).We found that most models had high rates of concordance in their outcome predictions for the individual samples. In particular, almost all tumors identified as having an intrinsic subtype of basal-like, HER2-positive and estrogen-receptor-negative, or luminal B (associated with a poor prognosis) were also classified as having a poor 70-gene profile, activated wound response, and high recurrence score. The 70-gene and recurrence-score models, which are beginning to be used in the clinical setting, showed 77 to 81 percent agreement in outcome classification.Even though different gene sets were used for prognostication in patients with breast cancer, four of the five tested showed significant agreement in the outcome predictions for individual patients and are probably tracking a common set of biologic phenotypes.
"Bubbles in the brain": an unusual complication of dermatomyositis
Authors: C Iking-Konert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory microangiopathy, affecting particularly the skin and muscles. The incidence ranges from 0.2 to 1.0/100 000; an overlap with other connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis has been described, as has an association with cancer. Clinically DM is identified by a characteristic rash and a varying muscle weakness. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed by typical muscle histology.1

A 60 year old man was admitted to our department with a 2 week history of muscle weakness, myalgias, dysphagia, a heliotrope rash on the eye lids, and bilateral acral finger ulcers. Creatine kinase (3879 U/ml, normal <171 U/ml) and C reactive protein (170 mg/l; normal <5 mg/l) were raised; autoantibodies (antinuclear antibodies (ANA), extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), anti-synthetase antibodies, rheumatoid factor, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)) were negative. A muscle biopsy showed perivascular inflammation, an infiltrate predominantly of CD4+ T cells, and perifascicular atrophy, confirming the suspected diagnosis of DM. Despite the advanced age of the patient, the rapid onset of the manifestations, and the lack of autoantibodies, cancer associated myositis could be ruled …
Antisense-mediated reduction in insulin-like growth factor-I receptor expression suppresses the malignant phenotype of a human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Authors: D N Shapiro, B G Jones, L H Shapiro, P Dias, P J Houghton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The expression of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their receptors has been linked to cellular proliferation and tumorigenicity in a number of model systems. Since rhabdomyosarcoma cells express IGF-I receptors, an autocrine or paracrine loop involving this receptor and its ligands could be responsible in part for the growth characteristics of this tumor. To assess directly the role of the IGF-I receptor in rhabdomyosarcoma cell growth and tumorigenicity, a human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with high IGF-I receptor expression was transfected with an amplifiable IGF-I receptor antisense expression vector. Four unique, transfected clones were analyzed and found to have reduced IGF-I receptor expression relative to the parental line. Integration of the antisense sequence was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis, and expression of antisense message in these clones was shown by S1 nuclease protection assay. Reduced IGF-I receptor surface expression in the transfectants was shown by decreased immunofluorescence with an IGF-I receptor monoclonal antibody and by decreased IGF-I binding as measured by Scatchard analysis. These clones had markedly reduced growth rates in vitro, impaired colony formation in soft agar, and failed to form tumors in immunodeficient mice when compared with vector-transfected clones. These results demonstrate that reduction of IGF-I receptor expression can inhibit both the in vitro and in vivo growth of a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line and suggest a role for the IGF-I receptor in mediating neoplastic growth in this mesenchymally derived tumor.
INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPYLORIC PROLAPSE OF GASTRIC MUCOSA
Authors: Emanuel M. Rappaport
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Current literature is replete with accounts of prolapse of the gastric mucosa through the pylorus as a cause of symptoms; nevertheless, there is still a wide variation of opinion regarding its incidence, etiology, and clinical significance. Rees<sup>1</sup>found only 4 cases in 3,000 examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract; Scott<sup>2</sup>observed 14 cases (1.04%) in 1,346 examinations; while Ferguson<sup>3</sup>found prolapse of the gastric mucosa in 23 (7.7%) of 297 consecutive patients. The pathogenesis of this condition is still unknown. The mucosa of the normal stomach is loosely attached to the muscularis and is movable over it. However, at autopsy Scott<sup>2</sup>found that this mobility did not permit the mucosa to be drawn through the pylorus into the duodenum. Various explanations for this phenomenon have been advanced. Hypertrophic gastritis,<sup>4</sup>developmental anomalies,<sup>5</sup>pylorospasm followed by hyperperistalsis,<sup>1</sup>failure of the normal "stretching mechanism" of the
The Eyes and School Work.
Authors: A. C. Corr
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Carlinville, Ill., April 24, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —When my friend and classmate, Dr. A. C. Simonton of San Jose, Cal., in his reference to the character of the paper theJournalshould be printed on said, "we as sanitarians and hygienists ought to practice what we preach," I am inclined to offer the following, which was issued by me by request, as a leaflet to the school teachers in my vicinity in reply to a newspaper query, as my contribution as a member of the Section on Ophthalmology, to which you refer the matter. While it deals with the character of the paper theJournalshould be printed on, it does also with much other matter germane; as to the mere tint of the paper, the Doctor is theoretically correct. Yet I think my preference is largely an idiosyncrasy or personal equation; I would prefer blue. White is best