tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF OCCULT BLOOD AS A ROUTINE OFFICE PROCEDURE
Authors: Elwood W. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Death from malignant diseases now holds the second position as a destroyer of human life in America. Most physicians have had the disquieting experience of making the diagnosis of malignant disease too late to be able to offer any effective treatment. Our great hope for the future lies in the discovery of some agent that will destroy malignant tissue wherever it exists or perhaps will even prevent the very inception of malignant disease. Until the day when such an agent becomes a practical actuality, we must content ourselves with the use of the tools at hand. A nation-wide campaign is under way to educate the public in the early detection of cancer. It therefore behooves us as physicians to reexamine and to use every practical means available to detect the presence of cancer in its early phases. The American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute have found that cancer
Surviving Bone Marrow Transplantation: The Patient in the Other Bed
Authors: ANDREA FARKAS PATENAUDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Patients hospitalized for bone marrow transplantation tend to deny the significance for them of the death of another transplant patient. Patients emphasize, often with encouragement from the medical staff, the differences between their conditions. Interviews held after discharge with the survivors of five pairs of patients hospitalized together in which one patient died show that the death of another patient having bone marrow transplantation has a major impact on the surviving patient. Early identification develops between patients, and after one patient dies there are attempts at distancing and denial of identification, survivor guilt, and fears of a similar fate that continue after transplantation. Healthy reactions are differentiated from nonadaptive reactions. Similarities to other forms of survivor guilt are discussed, including the guilt of the medical staff.
Institute of Medicine outlines research plan on US gun violence
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A panel of the US Institute of Medicine has drawn up a research agenda to tackle gun violence in the United States.

In its report the panel identified five “high priority” areas for investigation: the characteristics of gun violence; risk and protective factors; prevention and other interventions; gun safety technology; and the influence of video games and other media.1

“Research on these topics will improve current knowledge of the causes of firearm violence, the interventions that prevent firearm violence, and strategies to minimize the public health burden of firearm violence,” the panel said.

The US has the highest rate of firearm related deaths of any industrialized country, with 11 078 homicides and 19 392 suicides in 2010. In addition, there were 73 505 gun related injuries that …
Ascorbic Acid and Urinary Oxalate
Authors: HOWARD POSNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Ascorbic Acid and Urinary OxalateHOWARD POSNER, M.D.HOWARD POSNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-571_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The report of Swartz and colleagues (1) deserves comment. The authors state, "Oral intake of large doses of ascorbic acid has been shown to increase oxalate excretion to levels of 60 to 622 mg/d, implying metabolic conversion of ingested ascorbic acid to oxalate ranging from 2.5% to 30% on a molar basis." They cite four studies as a source for these values. However, three of these studies used an inferior nonspecific method for measuring urinary oxalate. Only the study of Schmidt and coworkers (2) used the new, more specific isotachophoresis technique for oxalate analysis (SCHMIDT KH, HAGMAIER...References1. SWARTZWESLEYSOMERMEYERLAU RJMK. Hyperoxaluria and renal insufficiency due to ascorbic acid administration during total parenteral nutrition. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:530-1. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SCHMIDTHAGMAIERHORNIGVUILLEUMIERRUTISHAUSER KVDJG. Urinary oxalate excretion after large intakes of ascorbic acid in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34:305-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LAMDENCHRYSTOWSKI MG. Urinary oxalate excretion in man following ascorbic acid ingestion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1954;85:190-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. TAKENOUCHIASOKAWARIICHIKAWASHIONI KLKHJ. On the metabolites of ascorbic acid, especially oxalic acid, eliminated in urine, following the administration of large amounts of ascorbic acid. J Vitaminol. 1966;12:49-58. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TAKIGUCHIFURUYAMASCHIMAZONO HSN. Urinary oxalic excretion by man following ingestion of large amounts of ascorbic acid. J Vitaminol. 1966;12:307-12. CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. HODGKINSONWILLIAMS AA. An improved colorimetric procedure for urine oxalate. Clin Chim Acta. 1972;36:127-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SWARTZWESLEYSOMERMEYERLAU RJMK. Hyperoxaluria and renal insufficiency due to ascorbic acid administration during total parenteral nutrition. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:530-1. LinkGoogle Scholar3. SCHMIDTHAGMAIERHORNIGVUILLEUMIERRUTISHAUSER KVDJG. Urinary oxalate excretion after large intakes of ascorbic acid in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34:305-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. O'CALLAGHANARBUCKLECRASWELLBOYLESEARLESMYTHE JSPPJW. Rapid progression of oxalosis-induced cardiomyopathy despite adequate haemodialysis. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1984;10:48-51. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Center for Preventive Medicine & Dentistry Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 571-572KeywordsExcretion Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bed Rest, Sleep, and Symptoms
Authors: PHILIP M. TILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Article1 July 1964Bed Rest, Sleep, and SymptomsStudy of Older PersonsPHILIP M. TILLER JR., M.D.PHILIP M. TILLER JR., M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-1-98 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is commonly stated that people sleep less as they grow older and that they sleep less because they need less sleep. This is apparently confirmed by many elderly persons who report sleeping well, but considerably fewer than 8 hours a night, and who assert that they do not need as much sleep as when they were younger. This belief is also found in medical literature, illustrated by the statment by Best and Taylor (1) that the sleep requirements of infants is 14 to 20 hours; of growing children, 12 to 14 hours; of adults, 7 to 9 hours; and...References1. BESTTAYLOR CHNB: The Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 7th ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1961, p. 1270. Google Scholar2. LAIRD DA: A survey of the sleep habits of 509 men of distinction. Amer. Med. 26: 271, 1931. Google Scholar3. KLEITMAN N: Sleep and Wakefulness, revised edition, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1963, p. 121. Google Scholar4. BARRYBOUSFIELD JWA: A quantitative determination of euphoria and its relation to sleep. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 29: 385, 1935. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Orleans, LouisianaFrom the Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine and the Touro Infirmary, New Orleans, Louisiana.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Philip M. Tiller, Jr., M.D., 3600 Prytania Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySleep in Advanced Age: A Comparison of Mexican American and Anglo American ElderlySleep in hospitalCross-Cultural Aspects of Sleep in the ElderlyThe measurement and characteristics of sleep in older personsv of sleep in older persons"White Paper" on Sleep and AgingReported Sleep: Needed minus Obtained Sleep, Family Resemblance, and AgeSleep, Biological Rhythms and AgingRelaxation Therapies and Neurosis: A Central Fatigue InterpretationAn Observational Study of Sleep of the AgedSleep disorder and symptomatology among medical and nursing studentsSLEEP PATTERNS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGYIntracranial Hypertension and SteroidsAge and Sleep 1 July 1964Volume 61, Issue 1Page: 98-105KeywordsChildrenElderlyInfantsInsomniaSleep Issue Published: 1 July 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Scheduled Visits to a Pediatric Clinic as One of the Adherence Factors Influencing Asthma Control
Authors: K. Nakatani, A. Manki, M. Narita, A. Miyazaki, S. Yoshida, K. Satsuka, K. Horimukai, T. Suda, I. Nomura, M. Futamura, H. Watanabe, Y. Morisawa, I. Masuko, A. Akasawa, Y. Ohya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Atriogenic Diastolic Reflux in Patients with Atrioventricular Block
Authors: WILHELM RUTISHAUSER, PIERRE WIRZ, MARTIN GANDER, ERNST LÜTHY
Journal: Circulation (1966)

In five patients with total A-V block studied by thermodilution, infusion of 10 to 25 ml of cold saline into the right ventricle over a period of several seconds resulted in lowering right atrial temperature usually 0.25 to 0.7 second after P waves not followed in normal temporal sequence by QRS complexes. In three of these patients, in whom left heart catheterization was performed, the same phenomenon could be detected during and after infusion of cold saline into the left ventricle while temperature was measured by a thermistor introduced by transseptal route into the left atrium. Isolated atrial contractions, although capable of partially closing the A-V valves as indicated by the higher ventricular than atrial pressure, lead to atriogenic reflux from the ventricle. Ventricular contraction, however, whether normal or extrasystolic, produced efficient closure of the A-V valves.
Promotion by the British pharmaceutical industry, 1983-8: a critical analysis of self regulation.
Authors: A Herxheimer, J Collier
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Since 1958 the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) has attempted to regulate the promotion of prescription medicines through its code of practice. This regulation is described and analysed for the six years 1983-8 using the reports on 302 complaints considered by its code of practice committee and annual reports. The complaints came mainly from doctors (143, 48%) and competing companies (103, 33%). The committee found a total of 379 breaches of the code in 192 (63%) of the complaints. Additional breaches were detected by informational scrutiny of advertisements by the ABPI secretariat. Analysis showed that 270 (71%) of these breaches involved possible breaches of the Medicines Act. The rules that forbid misleading or unsubstantiated information and misleading claims or comparisons were broken most often. The committee found the most frequent offenders to be Organon (32 breaches), Smith Kline and French (23), Glaxo (21), A H Robins (18), Bayer (17), Merck Sharp and Dohme (17), and Lederle (16). Often the promotion of one product led to several breaches. The promotional wars over histamine H2 receptor antagonists accounted for 33 breaches. It is estimated that in 1983-8 about 100 breaches of the code were detected a year. In the 18 years 1972-88 the Medicines Act was breached probably over 1200 times. Health ministers, by not enforcing the regulations controlling promotion, have abrogated their responsibility to the ABPI, but the evidence suggests that the code has failed to deter promotional excesses. The ABPI9s wish to secure compliance with the code seems weaker than its wish to pre-empt outside criticism and action: its self regulation seems to be a service to itself rather than to the public. It is suggested that the code of practice committee should become publicly accountable, that the majority of its members should represent the health professions and the public, and that effective sanctions are needed.
STUDIES ON VEM AND VDM IN BLOOD IN RELATION TO RENAL HEMODYNAMICS AND RENAL OXYGEN EXTRACTION IN CHRONIC CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 12
Authors: I. S. Edelman, B. W. Zweifach, D. J. W. Escher, J. Grossman, R. Mokotoff, R. E. Weston, L. Leiter, E. Shorr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)
Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the hepatic and splanchnic vascular systems of the rat
Authors: Yutaka Sasaki, Norio Hayashi, Akinori Kasahara, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Nobuhiro Sato, Carmel J. Hillyard, Samia Girgis, Iain Macintyre, Piers C. Emson, Sadao Shiosaka, Masaya Tohyama, Yahe Shiotani, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The distribution and origin of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive structures in hepatic and splanchnic vasculature of the rat were investigated by the immunofluorescent technique. Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers were dissociated from compact thick calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fiber bundles located around the hepatic and splanchnic vasculature, and reached the tunica adventitia of the vasculature. Some fibers penetrated further into the tunica media of the vasculature. In the tunica adventitia of the vasculature, calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers formed a fine meshwork which could be traced to the branches and arterioles. In the liver, calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive innervation extended from porta hepatis to portal triads, running with branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein. Some calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers separated from thinner calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fiber bundles in portal triads and coursed into the immediately adjacent parenchyma. In the dorsal spinal ganglia (T8-10, L1), calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive cells accounted for about 60% of the total number of ganglion cells. Bilateral vagotomy just below the diaphragm or bilateral transection of the greater splanchnic nerve resulted in a marked decrease of the number of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers in the vasculature, whereas a combined operation was followed by the complete depletion of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers. These results indicate that calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive innervation in hepatic and splanchnic vasculature may have a dual origin. In conclusion, the widespread distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers in the hepatic and splanchnic vasculature suggest that calcitonin gene-related peptide innervation may be involved in sensory transmission.
Apoptosis of human vascular smooth muscle cells derived from normal vessels and coronary atherosclerotic plaques.
Authors: M R Bennett, G I Evan, S M Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We studied death of human vascular smooth muscle cells derived from coronary plaques and normal coronary arteries and aorta. Cells from normal arteries underwent death only upon removal of serum growth factors. In contrast, plaque-derived cells died even in high serum conditions, and death increased after serum withdrawal. Death was characteristically by apoptosis in both normal and plaque-derived cells, as determined by time-lapse videomicroscopy, electron microscopy, and DNA fragmentation patterns. IGF-1 and PDGF were identified as potent survival factors in serum, whereas EGF and basic fibroblast growth factor had little effect. Stable expression of bcl-2, a protooncogene that regulates apoptosis in other cell lines, protected smooth muscle cells from apoptosis, although there was no detectable difference in endogenous bcl-2 expression between cells from plaques or normal vessels. We conclude that apoptosis of human vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated by both specific gene products and local cytokines acting as survival factors. Apoptosis may therefore regulate cell mass in the normal arterial wall and the higher rates of apoptosis seen in plaque smooth muscle cells may ultimately contribute to plaque rupture and breakdown and thus to the clinical sequelae of atherosclerosis.
Monitoring allergen exposure in asthma: new treatment strategies
Authors: M. D. Chapman, P. W. Heymann, R. B. Sporik, T. A. E. Plans‐Mills
Journal: Allergy (1995)

The development of monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technology for measuring environmental allergen exposure has provided a benchmark for assessing the role of indoor allergens in causing asthma and other allergic diseases. Epidemiological studies from several parts of the world have shown that immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated sensitization to indoor allergens (mite, cat, dog and cockroach) is a risk factor for asthma attacks. A dose‐response relationship between allergen exposure and sensitization has been demonstrated for mite allergens, and threshold values for exposure levels leading to sensitization or to exacerbations of symptoms have been defined. Comparative studies on airborne allergen levels have made it possible to determine the properties of aeroallergen particles, their concentration in indoor air, and the relationship to clinical symptoms. Together, these studies provide strong evidence that allergen exposure plays a causal role in the development of bronchial hyperreactivity and of the chronic inflammatory responses seen in patients with asthma. Logically, the primary preventive treatment should be allergen avoidance. Through knowledge of indoor allergen levels, both in dust and in the air, different avoidance strategies have been applied to the various indoor allergens, and there is increasing evidence of their clinical efficacy. Monitoring allergen levels in patients' houses should improve their understanding of the role of allergens in asthma and improve compliance with avoidance measures.
40 million children have no access to the most basic healthcare services
Authors: R. Ghani
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Around 40 million children in 25 developing countries have no access to even the most basic healthcare services, says a new report from Save the Children. 

Socioeconomic factors, a shortage of healthcare workers, and a lack of affordable quality services are cited as contributing to the severe healthcare deprivation of one in seven children in these countries.

The report uses the term “healthcare desert” to describe the situation of a child who has not received any of the routine vaccinations …
Optical Markers in Duodenal Mucosa Predict the Presence of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yang Liu, Randall E. Brand, Vladimir Turzhitsky, Young L. Kim, Hemant K. Roy, Nahla Hasabou, Charles Sturgis, Dhiren Shah, Curtis Hall, Vadim Backman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most deadly cancers and carries a dismal 5-year survival rate of &amp;lt;5%. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop a highly accurate and minimally invasive (e.g., without instrumentation of the pancreatic duct given high rate of complications) method of detection. Our group has developed a collection of novel light-scattering technologies that provide unprecedented quantitative assessment of the nanoscale architecture of the epithelium. We propose a novel approach to predict pancreatic cancer through the assessment of the adjacent periampullary duodenal mucosa without any interrogation of the pancreatic duct or imaging of the pancreas. Experimental Design: Endoscopically and histologically normal-appearing periampullary duodenal biopsies obtained from 19 pancreatic cancer patients were compared with those obtained at endoscopy from 32 controls. Biopsies were analyzed using our newly developed optical technologies, four-dimensional elastic light-scattering fingerprinting (4D-ELF) and low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) spectroscopy. Results: 4D-ELF– and LEBS-derived optical markers from normal-appearing periampullary duodenal mucosa can discriminate between pancreatic cancer patients and normal controls with 95% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Moreover, the diagnostic performance of these optical markers was not compromised by confounding factors such as tumor location and stage. Conclusions: Here, we showed, for the first time, that optical analysis of histologically normal duodenal mucosa can predict the presence of pancreatic cancer without direct visualization of the pancreas.
Folic Acid Fortification of Food
Authors: Hans W. Grunwald, Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The meta-analysis by Dr Boushey and colleagues 1 provides an excellent overview of the relationship between homocysteine and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but places undue emphasis on the role of folic acid. Despite acknowledging that no appropriate clinical trials have been conducted with folic acid, the authors limited their quantitative estimates to studies... of folic acid alone that reported fasting tHcy [total homocysteine]. Unfortunately, this homogenization of the literature inadequately addresses both the pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinemia and appropriate homocysteine-lowering therapy.  Experimental 2 and clinical 3 studies have clearly documented that there are two distinct forms of hyperhomocysteinemia: fasting and postmethionine load (PML). Impaired remethylation of homocysteine to methionine, due to either poor folate/ vitamin B 12 status or homozygous severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, results in fasting hyperhomocysteinemia, but no abnormal increase in fasting homocysteine after a methionine load. Conversely, poor vitamin B 6 status or heterozygous cystathionine synthase
Student attrition. A challenge for allied health education programs
Authors: G. C. Gupta
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation (CAHEA) attrition data, collected annually by the American Medical Association (AMA), are nationally representative and constitute the largest source of information on attrition and retention in allied health education. These data provide a cornerstone for education and manpower planning. Consistent with previous years, men who were enrolled in CAHEA-accredited allied health education programs for the 1989-1990 academic year were significantly more likely to be lost to attrition than were women. When compared with all other categories of race and ethnic origin, black students not of Hispanic origin showed a significantly higher attrition rate (25.4%), while students designated as Asian or Pacific Islander showed a significantly lower rate (13%). Congruent with attrition data documented in the literature, CAHEA attrition data show wide variances across 26 allied health occupations and within the three disciplinary groupings that comprise approximately 75% of all CAHEA-accredited programs. Attrition rates measured by the type of sponsoring institution range from 7.1% (academic health centers and medical schools) to 24.3% (vocational and technical schools). Programs sponsored by for-profit institutions and federal government-owned institutions report substantially higher attrition rates, 25.1% and 21.1%, respectively. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:963-967)