tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4: 5′ - 3′ UTR interactions regulate p53 mRNA translation and provide a target for modulating p53 induction after DNA damage
Authors: Jing Chen, Michael Kastan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Induction of p53 protein is a significant determinant of cellular outcome following exposure to DNA damage or other cellular stresses. Though the increase of p53 protein level after DNA damage is largely attributed to an increase in its protein half-life, optimal induction of p53 protein after DNA damage requires RPL26-mediated increases in p53 mRNA translation (Takagi et al., 2005). We report here the existence of a double-strand RNA region containing complementary sequences of the 5′- and 3′- untranslated regions (UTR) of p53 mRNA that is critical for its translational regulation by RPL26. Mutating as few as three bases in either of the two complementary UTR sequences to disrupt this UTR interaction abrogates the ability of RPL26 to bind to p53 mRNA and to stimulate p53 translation. Compensatory mutations that restore the above UTR interaction rescue RPL26 binding as well as translational regulation of p53 by RPL26. Short, single-strand oligonucleotides containing critical sequences from this RNA interaction region inhibit the binding of RPL26 to p53 mRNA and reduce p53 induction and p53-mediated cell death after several different types of DNA damage and cellular stress. These observations demonstrate a novel mechanism of regulating cellular protein levels and provide a reagent (oligonucleotides) that can be used to modulate stress induction of p53 in cells, a potentially clinically useful intervention. These mechanistic insights also set the stage for identifying small molecules other than oligonucleotides which could modulate p53 induction by targeting this mechanism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4.
Effects of haemoperfusion through charcoal or XAD-2 resin on an animal model of fulminant liver failure
Authors: M. J. Weston, B. G. Gazzard, B. H. Buxton, J. Winch, A. L. Machado, H. Flax, R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1974)

In a group of dogs in whom fulminant liver failure had been induced, perfusion of blood through activated charcoal resulted in a significantly longer survival than that of a similar group of dogs whose blood was not so treated. An otherwise progressive rise in blood ammonia concentration was halted in the treatment group. In another group of dogs with fulminant liver failure perfusion of blood through the resin Amberlite XAD-2 was associated with a fall in the serum bilirubin concentration and complete clearance from the blood of <sup>14</sup>C-labelled sodium glycocholate. Survival in this group of animals was not significantly prolonged. This was due at least in part to the occurrence of haemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia. Platelets adhere to the resin but do not adhere to the same degree to charcoal coated with a thin layer of polymer.
Effects of nasal CPAP on sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea.
Authors: M T Naughton, D C Benard, P P Liu, R Rutherford, F Rankin, T D Bradley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We hypothesized that (1) patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) would have greater nocturnal urinary and daytime plasma norepinephrine concentrations (UNE and PNE, respectively) than those without CSR-CSA because of apneas, hypoxia and arousals from sleep and (2) attenuation of CSR-CSA by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) would reduce UNE and PNE concentrations. Eighteen patients with and 17 without CSR-CSA (Non-CSR-CSA group) were studied. Left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in the two groups, but overnight UNE and awake PNE concentrations were greater in the CSR-CSA group (30.2 +/- 2.5 nmol/mmol creatinine and 3.32 +/- 0.29 nmol/L) than in the Non-CSR-CSA group (15.8 +/- 2.1 nmol/mmol creatinine, p < 0.005, and 2.06 +/- 0.56 nmol/L, p < 0.05, respectively). Patients with CSR-CSA were randomized to a control group or to nightly NCPAP for 1 mo. CSR-CSA was attenuated in the NCPAP but not in the control group. The NCPAP group experienced greater reductions in UNE and PNE concentrations (-12.5 +/- 3.3 nmol/mmol creatinine and -0.74 +/- 0.40 nmol/L) than did the control group (-1.3 +/- 2.8 nmol/mmol creatinine, p < 0.025 and 1.16 +/- 0.66 nmol/L, p < 0.025, respectively). In conclusion, in patients with CHF, CSR-CSA is associated with elevated sympathoneural activity, which can be reduced by NCPAP.
Effects of active compression-decompression resuscitation on myocardial and cerebral blood flow in pigs.
Authors: K H Lindner, E G Pfenninger, K G Lurie, W Schürmann, I M Lindner, F W Ahnefeld
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND This study was designed to assess the effects of a modified cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) technique that consists of both active compression and active decompression of the chest (ACD CPR) versus standard CPR (STD CPR) on myocardial and cerebral blood flow during ventricular fibrillation both before and after epinephrine administration. METHODS AND RESULTS During a 30-second period of ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest, 14 pigs were randomized to receive either STD CPR (n = 7) or ACD CPR (n = 7). Both STD and ACD CPR were performed using an automated pneumatic piston device applied midsternum, designed to provide either active chest compression (1.5 to 2.0 in.) and decompression or only active compression of the chest at 80 compressions per minute and 50% duty cycle. Using radiolabeled microspheres, median total myocardial blood flow after 5 minutes of ventricular fibrillation was 14 (7 to 30, minimum to maximum) STD CPR versus 30 (9 to 46) mL.min-1 x 100 g-1 with ACD CPR (P &lt; .05). Median cerebral blood flow was 15 (10 to 26) mL.min-1 x 100 g-1 with STD CPR and 30 (21 to 39) with ACD CPR (P &lt; .01). When comparing STD with ACD CPR, aortic systolic (62 mm Hg [48 to 70] vs 80 [59 to 86]) and diastolic (22 [18 to 28] vs 28 [21 to 36]) pressures, calculated coronary systolic (30 [22 to 36] vs 49 [37 to 56]) and diastolic (18 [16 to 23] vs 26 [21 to 31]) perfusion pressures, end-tidal CO2 (1.4% [0.8 to 1.8] vs 2.1 (1.8 to 2.4]), cerebral O2 delivery (3.1 mL.min-1 x 100 g-1 [1.5 to 4.5] vs 5.3 [3.8 to 7.5]), and cerebral perfusion pressure (14 mm Hg [4 to 22] vs 26 [6 to 34]) were all significantly higher with ACD CPR: To compare these parameters before and after vasopressor therapy, a bolus of high-dose epinephrine (0.2 mg/kg) was given to all animals after 5 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. Organ blood flow and calculated perfusion pressures increased significantly in both the STD and ACD groups after epinephrine. The differences observed between STD and ACD CPR before epinephrine were diminished 90 seconds after epinephrine but were again statistically significant when assessed 5 minutes later, once the acute effects of epinephrine had decreased. No difference in short-term resuscitation success was found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ACD CPR significantly increases myocardial and cerebral blood flow during cardiac arrest in the absence of vasopressor therapy compared with STD CPR:
Your child is dead.
Authors: I Finlay, D Dallimore
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine parent9s views on how death of their children should have been handled. DESIGN--Retrospective questionnaire survey of parents who had experienced death of their child. SETTING--Charitable organisation of bereaved parents. SUBJECTS--150 bereaved parents, all members of the organisation, of whom 120 (80%) participated voluntarily in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Child9s age; date and cause of death; details of person breaking the news and handling of the interview; time parents spent with dead child, their attitude to requests for organ donation, and follow up support received. RESULTS--122 children9s deaths were described; the largest single group was due to road traffic accidents, 16 were suicides, and eight were murders. Twice as many interviews were rated as sympathetically or reasonably handled as badly or offensively handled (68 v 34). The interview ratings depended on the sensitivity and personal skills of the interviewers rather than on their previous contact or professional position; police were rated as more sympathetic than doctors and nurses. Of 109 respondents, 81 had seen their child9s body, 44 of whom thought that sufficient time had been denied. Of the 28 parents who did not see the body, 17 subsequently stated their regret. In 82 parents organ donation had not been discussed. Only 16 parents recorded any follow up support from hospital staff and very few support at the time. CONCLUSIONS--The consistency of the responses suggests a serious need to revise the in service training and education of the police and health professionals in their approach to informing of death; organ donation should be discussed sensitively and parents allowed time with their dead child with fewer restrictions.
More on Life-Threatening Asthma and Salmeterol
Authors: Matthew C. Lawyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The authors reply: We agree with Kishimoto and colleagues that glucocorticoids may have deleterious effects on bone within the first months of treatment.In our study, however, mean bone mineral density at baseline was still within the normal range, and the difference between the two groups of subjects was not significant.Most patients received treatment well within 2 months after starting glucocorticoid therapy.Without a delay in treatment, bone mineral density at 18 months might have been slightly higher in both groups, but we do not believe that this possibility affected the conclusions of our study.Minisola and colleagues suggest that alfacalcidol uncouples the two processes of bone remodeling but that such an effect is not followed by full mineralization of bone.In a meta-analysis of active vitamin D treatment in patients receiving glucocorticoids, we indeed found only a minor increase in bone mineral density; however, patients had a 44% reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture. 1We think this finding can be attributed to improvements in bone architecture and bone strength, as shown in studies in animals, 2 rather than to the small increase in bone min-The New England Journal of Medicine Downloaded from nejm.org
Physiologic regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide receptors in rat renal glomeruli.
Authors: B J Ballermann, R L Hoover, M J Karnovsky, B M Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Isolated rat renal glomeruli and cultured glomerular mesangial and epithelial cells were examined for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors, and for ANP-stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) generation. In glomeruli from normal rats, human (1-28) 125I-ANP bound to a single population of high affinity receptors with a mean equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.46 nM. Human (1-28) ANP markedly stimulated cGMP generation, but not cAMP generation in normal rat glomeruli. Analogues of ANP that bound to the glomerular ANP receptor with high affinity stimulated cGMP accumulation, whereas the (13-28) ANP fragment, which failed to bind to the receptor, was devoid of functional activity. Cell surface receptors for ANP were expressed on cultured glomerular mesangial but not epithelial cells, and appreciable ANP-stimulated cGMP accumulation was elicited only in mesangial cells. Approximately 12,000 ANP receptor sites were present per mesangial cell, with an average value for the equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.22 nM. Feeding of a low-salt diet to rats for 2 wk resulted in marked up regulation of the glomerular ANP receptor density to a mean of 426 fmol/mg protein, compared with 116 fmol/mg in rats given a high-salt diet. A modest reduction in the affinity of glomerular ANP receptors was also observed in rats fed the low-salt diet. ANP-stimulated cGMP generation in glomeruli did not change with alterations in salt intake. We conclude that high salt feeding in the rat results in reduced glomerular ANP receptor density relative to values in salt restricted rats. Furthermore, the mesangial cell is a principal target for ANP binding in the glomerulus.
Within Our Reach: Breaking the Cycle of Disadvantage
Authors: Abraham B. Bergman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Most of us were brought up to believe that, in contrast to most of the rest of the world, we Americans are an egalitarian society of opportunity where all have a chance to succeed. Given the rapidly growing disparity between the rich and poor in our country, that belief is as credible today as the tooth fairy. The past two decades have seen a marked reversal in the relative status of children and elderly. A higher proportion of elderly have achieved financial security, while, owing mostly to many more single mothers, a higher proportion of children live in poverty. This trend is driven, according to Preston,<sup>1</sup>by the distribution of political and economic power. The elderly are relatively powerful because there continue to be more of them, they vote, their children don't want to support them, and the rest of us want to be secure when we become old.
Successful Treatment with Pemetrexed in a Patient with Mucinous Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma: Long-Term Response Duration with Mild Toxicity
Authors: Chiyuki Okuda, Young Hak Kim, Kengo Takeuchi, Yosuke Togashi, Katsuhiro Masago, Yuichi Sakamori, Tadashi Mio, Michiaki Mishima
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Shared care in diabetes
Authors: S M McGhee, A J Hedley
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—We agree with Amanda J Sowden and colleagues' conclusion that evaluation of shared care must take into account many factors that influence effectiveness and efficiency, but the authors do not address the reasons why current systems of care fail.1 The main problem with traditional management of chronic conditions is that the provision of care is not matched to need. Some patients receive a lot of care, a lot of patients receive some care, while other patients receive little or no care.2 …
What Went In When Trans Went Out?
Authors: Steen Stender, Arne Astrup, Jørn Dyerberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Despite the obvious theoretical health benefits of replacing trans fatty acids with other fatty acids in food products, concern has been expressed that this change might increase the intake of saturated fatty acids. The authors examined which types of fatty acids are present in various popular foods as compared with similar foods that contain low concentrations of trans fatty acids.
An attempt to validate the modification of the American-European consensus definition of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome by the Berlin definition in a university hospital
Authors: R. Hernu, F. Wallet, F. Thiollière, O. Martin, J. C. Richard, Z. Schmitt, G. Wallon, B. Delannoy, T. Rimmelé, C. Démaret, C. Magnin, H. Vallin, A. Lepape, L. Baboi, L. Argaud, V. Piriou, B. Allaouchiche, F. Aubrun, O. Bastien, J. J. Lehot, L. Ayzac, C. Guérin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
GMC and attorney general challenge immunity for witnesses
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The attorney general, Peter Goldsmith, went to the Court of Appeal in London this week to try to overturn a High Court ruling that gave expert witnesses in court cases virtual immunity from disciplinary action by regulators over flawed evidence.

Lord Goldsmith, the UK government's senior law officer, intervened in an appeal by the General Medical Council against a ruling last February by a High Court judge, Mr Justice Collins, that cleared Roy Meadow of serious professional misconduct.

The retired paediatrician gave misleading evidence about the likelihood of two …
The psychosocial consequences of androgenetic alopecia: a review of the research literature
Authors: None Cash
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Androgenetic alopecia is a common dermatological condition, with potentially adverse psychosocial sequelae. The present review critically examines scientific evidence concerning the effects of androgenetic hair loss on social processes and psychological functioning, as well as the psychosocial outcomes of medical treatments. Research confirms a negative but modest effect of visible hair loss on social perceptions. More importantly, androgenetic alopecia is typically experienced as a moderately stressful condition that diminishes body image satisfaction. Deleterious effects on self-esteem and certain facets of psychological adjustment are more apparent among women than men and among treatment-seeking patients. Various 'risk factors' vis-à-vis the psychological adversity of androgenetic alopecia are identified. Medical treatments, i.e. minoxidil and finasteride, appear to have some psychological efficacy. A conceptual model is delineated to explain the psychological effects of hair loss and its treatment. Directions for needed research are discussed. Strategies are presented for the clinical management of psychological issues among these patients.
Fever in Obstetric and Gynecologic Patients
Authors: Joseph G. Pastorek
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent article by Klimek et al (1982;247:3340) showed that fever may be caused by noninfectious causes in almost two thirds of hospitalized obstetric and gynecologic patients is somewhat disturbing. The practitioner could surmise from this article that most of the "fevers" of the obstetric-gynecologic patient are unimportant, leading to a false sense of security in the care of this type of patient. While I have no argument with the methods or the conclusions of their article, I must take issue with one of the basic definitions of the study— namely, the definition of fever as a "rectal temperature greater than or equal to 38.3 °C (101 °F) developed on at least two different occasions." The vast majority of references in the obstetric-gynecologic infectious disease literature record an<i>oral</i>temperature of 38.0 °C as the cutoff point for fever. In our own service, we believe two oral
Inherited genetic variation and overall survival following follicular lymphoma
Authors: Todd M. Gibson, Sophia S. Wang, James R. Cerhan, Matthew J. Maurer, Patricia Hartge, Thomas M. Habermann, Scott Davis, Wendy Cozen, Charles F. Lynch, Richard K. Severson, Nathaniel Rothman, Stephen J. Chanock, Lindsay M. Morton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Follicular lymphoma (FL) has variable progression and survival, and improved identification of patients at high risk for progression would aid in identifying patients most likely to benefit from alternative therapy.In a sample of 244 FL cases identified during a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we examined 6,679 tag SNPs in 488 gene regions for associations with overall FL survival. Over a median follow-up of 89 months with 65 deaths in this preliminary study, we identified 5 gene regions (BMP7, GALNT12,DUSP2, GADD45B, and ADAM17) that were associated with overall survival from FL. Results did not meet the criteria for statistical significance after adjustment for multiple hypothesis testing. These results,which support a role for host factors in determining the variable progression of FL, serve as an initial examination that can inform future studies of genetic variation and FL survival. However, they require replication in independent populations, as well as assessment in rituximab-treated patients.
Child Injuries and Fatalities From Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes
Authors: Guohua Li
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cause suicide?:Antidepressant prescribing to children and adolescents by GPs has fallen since CSM advice
Authors: Macey L Murray, Ian C K Wong, Mary Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors cause suicide? Risk of suicide should be assessed for whole class of antidepressantsEditor-Gunnell et al's report on suicide risk with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) raises several issues. 1 Firstly, clinicians have observed that the first weeks of treatment of severe depression with an antidepressant are accompanied by a higher risk of suicide because of a drug induced motor disinhibition that is not yet accompanied by mood improvement. 2 Secondly, the authors' finding of a trend towards a protective effect of SSRIs against suicidal thoughts (odds ratio 0.77) compared with a trend towards an increased risk of self harm (odds ratio 1.57) is paradoxical.More surprising is the heterogeneity of results among SSRIs.Why would sertraline show a protective effect for suicidal thoughts and simultaneously increase the risk of self harm?The risk difference between citalopram and its active S-enantiomere, escitalopram, is also strange.No strong biological rationale can explain such heterogeneity among drugs with the same mechanism of action.Thirdly, the authors mention that the Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency found little evidence for a risk difference between SSRIs and the other antidepressants.The two accompanying papers show that the suicidal risk seems similar for serotoninergic and tricyclic antidepressants. 3 4The risk of suicide must be assessed for the whole class of antidepressants.The next stage would be to measure the risk of suicide according to the time since starting an antidepressant.Initially, the risks are higher than the benefits.To confirm old clinical observations by evidence based methods would be interesting and useful.
Pharmacists state ambition to expand their role in community health
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A persistent failure to make full use of the knowledge of pharmacists has long been one of the profession’s recurrent preoccupations. The latest attempt to revive it was launched on 13 January with a morning seminar on the future of pharmacy, followed by two evening lectures, events organised by the University of London’s School of Pharmacy.

The school’s professor of pharmaceutical and public health policy, David Taylor, told the seminar that he foresaw a bright future for GPs and community pharmacists in collaborating to improve public health. But some problems first needed to be overcome, he said.

“Our challenge to bodies like the Royal College of …
Balloon valvuloplasty versus closed commissurotomy for pliable mitral stenosis: A prospective hemodynamic study
Authors: Jai J. Patel, David Shama, Abdul S. Mitha, David Blyth, Farouk Hassen, Bernard T. Le Roux, Sivabakiyam Chetty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)