tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Truncated mu (mu') chains in murine IgM. Evidence that mu' chains lack variable regions.
Authors: R Marks, M J Bosma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Secreted IgM was shown to contain truncated mu (mu') chains with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 55 kD. The estimated percentage of IgM heavy (H) chains in the mu' form ranged from less than or equal to 1% in the case of one tumor IgM protein (104E) to greater than or equal to 30% in normal serum IgM. Serum mu' chains lacked antigenic determinants characteristic of immunoglobulin variable regions and showed a restricted isoelectric focusing pattern compared with that of conventional mu chains. Intracellular mu' chains were readily detected in bone marrow cells but not in spleen or lymph node cells; mu' chains were also detected in IgM-producing tumor cells and in a hybridoma cell line that deleted its productive mu allele. These results predict irregularities in IgM structure and recall an old controversy concerning the valence of IgM molecules.
Diffuse Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma Due to Therapy With Medicinal Leeches
Authors: Davide Altamura, Eduardo Calonje, Jia li Liau, Martyn Rogers, Roberto Verdolini
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and B-cell pseudolymphoma may show similar clinical and microscopic presentations and sometimes represent a real diagnostic challenge for both clinician and pathologist.1
Optimizing immunotherapy in multiple myeloma: restoring the function of patients' monocyte-derived dendritic cells by inhibiting p38 or activating MEK/ERK MAPK and neutralizing interleukin-6 in progenitor cells
Authors: Siqing Wang, Sungyoul Hong, Jing Yang, Jianfei Qian, Xiang Zhang, Elizabeth Shpall, Larry W. Kwak, Qing Yi
Journal: Blood (2006)
High-throughput mutation profiling of CTCL samples reveals KRAS and NRAS mutations sensitizing tumors toward inhibition of the RAS/RAF/MEK signaling cascade
Authors: Michael K. Kießling, Patrick A. Oberholzer, Chandrani Mondal, Maria B. Karpova, Marie C. Zipser, William M. Lin, Michael Girardi, Laura E. MacConaill, Sarah M. Kehoe, Charlie Hatton, Lars E. French, Levi A. Garraway, Gernot Polier, Dorothee Süss, Claus-Detlev Klemke, Peter H. Krammer, Karsten Gülow, Reinhard Dummer
Journal: Blood (2011)
Predictive value of ambulatory blood pressure shortly after withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs in primary care patients
Authors: F. W Beltman, W. F Heesen, R. H J Kok, A. J Smit, J. F May, P. A de Graeff, T. K Havinga, F. H Schuurman, E. van der Veur, K. I Lie, B. Meyboom-de Jong
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether ambulatory blood pressure eight weeks after withdrawal of antihypertensive medication is a more sensitive measure than seated blood pressure to predict blood pressure in the long term. <b>Design</b>: Patients with previously untreated diastolic hypertension were treated with antihypertensive drugs for one year; these were withdrawn in patients with well controlled blood pressure, who were then followed for one year. <b>Setting</b>: Primary care. <b>Subjects</b>: 29 patients fulfilling the criteria for withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of seated and ambulatory blood pressure eight weeks after withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs. <b>Results</b>: Eight weeks after withdrawal of medication, mean diastolic blood pressure returned to the pretreatment level on ambulatory measurements but not on seated measurements. One year after withdrawal of medication, mean diastolic blood pressure had returned to the pretreatment level both for seated and ambulatory blood pressure. For ambulatory blood pressure, the sensitivity and the positive predictive value eight weeks after withdrawal of medication were superior to those for seated blood pressure; specificity and negative predictive value were comparable for both types of measurement. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the results were not dependent on the cut off values that were used. <b>Conclusion</b>: Ambulatory blood pressure eight weeks after withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs predicts long term blood pressure better than measurements made when the patient is seated. <h3>Key messages</h3> Ambulatory measurements showed that the mean blood pressure returned to the pretreatment level within eight weeks after withdrawal of medication Eight weeks after drugs were withdrawn, ambulatory blood pressure was a good predictor of blood pressure in the long term, whereas seated blood pressure was not Restarting antihypertensive drugs at this time would be justified on the basis of early ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone in HIV-Infected Men With Lipodystrophy
Authors: Polyxeni Koutkia, Bridget Canavan, Jeff Breu, Martin Torriani, John Kissko, Steven Grinspoon
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Reduced growth hormone (GH) concentrations are observed in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lipodystrophy.To investigate the effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a GH secretagogue, in treatment of HIV lipodystrophy.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at a research center in the United States between October 2002 and June 2003 and enrolling 31 HIV-infected men aged 18 to 60 years with evidence of lipodystrophy.Participants were assigned to receive GHRH (1 mg subcutaneously twice daily) or placebo for 12 weeks.The primary outcome was change in concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to detect overall change in GH levels in response to GHRH. Secondary end points included body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, lipodystrophy ratings, and levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids.Mean (SD) IGF-1 concentrations increased significantly in the GHRH group vs the placebo group (104 [110] ng/mL vs 6 [44] ng/mL, P =.004). Lean body mass significantly increased in the GHRH group vs the placebo group (0.9 [1.3] kg vs -0.3 [1.7] kg, P =.04), trunk fat significantly decreased (-0.4 [0.7] kg vs 0.2 [0.6] kg, P =.03), and the ratio of trunk to lower extremity fat improved significantly (-0.22 [0.32] vs 0.14 [0.29], P =.005). Abdominal visceral fat was reduced (-19.2 [36.6] cm2 vs 2.3 [24.3] cm2, P =.07) and the ratio of abdominal visceral fat to abdominal subcutaneous fat improved significantly more in the GHRH group (-0.19 [0.28] vs 0.07 [0.27], P =.02). Both physician and patient rating of lipodystrophy in the arms, legs, and abdomen also improved significantly. Levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids did not change significantly.GHRH was well tolerated and effectively increased levels of IGF-1 in HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy. Total and regional body composition improved in response to GHRH, with increased lean mass and reduced truncal and visceral fat. Use of GHRH may potentially be a beneficial treatment strategy for this population.
Cyclophosphamide treatment expands the circulating hematopoietic stem cell pool in dogs.
Authors: R A Abrams, K McCormack, C Bowles, A B Deisseroth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Increased numbers of circulating granulocyte-monocyte precursor cells (CFUc) have been observed in the peripheral blood of man after antineoplastic chemotherapy. We have developed a canine model to study the biologic significance of this phenomenon for hematopoietic reconstitution following hematopoietically lethal exposure to total body irradiation (TBI). After cyclophosphamide administration, a 16-fold expansion of circulating CFUc numbers was observed during the period of rapid leukocyte recovery that occurred after the chemotherapy-induced leukocyte nadir. We had previously noted this association between leukocyte recovery and CFUc expansion in our human studies. After 900 rad TBI hematopoietic reconstitution was attempted with autologous, cryopreserved collections of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained either at times of post-cyclophosphamide CFUc expansion (group A, 14 dogs) or without CFUc expansion (group B, 12 dogs). Asd compared to group B collections, group A collections contained 11-fold more CFUc and were 12.5-fold more potent in fostering hematopoietic recovery after TBI. These results suggest that the expansion of CFUc numbers we observed was accompanied by a similar expansion of more primitive hematopoietic stem cell numbers. We conclude that chemotherapy-induced expansion of circulating CFUc numbers appears to be of substantial import in effecting hematopoietic reconstitution--an observation that may be of significance for further studies of autologous hematopoietic reconstitution in man.
Survival is multifactorial
Authors: D. H. Brewster, R. J. Black
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Beral and Peto’s assessment of cancer registration in the United Kingdom does not reflect recent practice.1 In Scotland data are gathered from multiple sources, including pathology reports. Typically, most (>95%) breast cancers are recorded as microscopically verified, around 1% are “notified” solely by death record, and <0.5% end up as “death certificate only” registrations. By referring to source documents, staff make every effort to capture the earliest …
Association of Multidrug Resistance in Epilepsy with a Polymorphism in the Drug-Transporter Gene<i>ABCB1</i>
Authors: Asra Siddiqui, Reinhold Kerb, Michael E. Weale, Ulrich Brinkmann, Alice Smith, David B. Goldstein, Nicholas W. Wood, Sanjay M. Sisodiya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

One third of patients with epilepsy have drug-resistant epilepsy, which is associated with an increased risk of death and debilitating psychosocial consequences. Because this form is resistant to multiple antiepileptic drugs, the mode of resistance must be nonspecific, involving drug-efflux transporters such as ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1, also known as MDR1 and P-glycoprotein 170). We hypothesized that the CC genotype at the ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism, which is associated with increased expression of the protein, influences the response to antiepileptic-drug treatment.ABCB1 3435 was genotyped in 315 patients with epilepsy, classified as drug-resistant in 200 and drug-responsive in 115, and 200 control subjects without epilepsy. Recently devised methods were used to control for population stratification, and linkage disequilibrium was calculated across the gene.As compared with patients with drug-responsive epilepsy, patients with drug-resistant epilepsy were more likely to have the CC genotype at ABCB1 3435 than the TT genotype (odds ratio, 2.66; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.32 to 5.38; P=0.006). There was no genetic stratification between the two groups of patients. The polymorphism fell within an extensive block of linkage disequilibrium spanning much or all of the gene, implying that the polymorphism may not itself be causal but rather may be linked with the causal variant.These pharmacogenomic results identify a genetic factor associated with resistance to antiepileptic drugs.
Expressional analysis of the cardiac Na–Ca exchanger in rat development and senescence
Authors: M Koban
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

The cardiac Na–Ca exchanger (NCX) serves as the main calcium extrusion mechanism in heart muscle and is important in maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis. The accumulations of NCX RNA and protein are known to be regulated in cardiac hypertrophy, by thyroid hormone and during postnatal development. In this study the temporal and spatial patterns of NCX mRNA and protein accumulations were examined, and nuclear run-on assays performed. NCX is highly expressed in late fetal and neonatal rat hearts, decreasing to adult levels by 20 days after birth for RNA (P<0.05, fetal and 1 neonatal day old (1 ND) versus 20 day old (20 ND)). Maximal protein expression is seen in 19 embryonic day (ED) old hearts, and reaches adult levels sometime after 20 neonatal days. (P<0.05, fetal versus adult). Spatially, NCX is homogenously expressed in early embryonic and fetal heart, followed by a decline after birth. The protein levels decline more slowly suggesting a long protein half-life. The lowest level of mRNA accumulation is seen in 6 and 18 month old animals (P<0.05 for all time points before 10 neonatal days). In the 24 month old senescent rat, NCX transcripts are increased by almost 50% above that seen at 6 and 18 months (P<0.05) but are not different from those at 15 neonatal days. Perinatal NCX expression is regulated transcriptionally: late fetal and neonatal hearts have high transcriptional activity but by 20 postnatal days, no detectable transcriptional activity can be demonstrated. Throughout development, at least five transcription start sites are used, and no significant difference in the 5′ untranslated or 3′ coding splice sites could be demonstrated, although several new cardiac splicing variants were identified. We also report the cloning of a 3.7 kb fragment containing the cardiac NCX1 promoter which is transcriptionally active in neonatal cardiomyocytes.
Functional assessment of the arm following breast cancer treatment using the DASH survey.
Authors: LK Jacobs, KA Kelley, ME Detrani, TN Tsangaris, DC Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4096 Treatment of the axilla with surgery and radiation therapy (RT) has a risk of lymphedema and diminished function of the arm. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand survey (DASH) as a potential functional assessment tool post breast cancer treatment by comparing it to the Lymphedema and Breast Cancer Questionnaire (LBCQ), a lymphedema-specific questionnaire, the SF12, and functional arm measurements.&amp;#x2028; A series of patients presenting to the Johns Hopkins Hospital Avon Foundation Breast Center for follow-up of breast cancer were collected. Inclusion criteria are patients &amp;gt; eighteen years receiving either a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary node dissection (ALND) at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Exclusion criteria were individuals who reported mental illness, prior deficits of the arm, or any bilateral procedure for treatment of breast cancer. Dependent variables are the DASH, LBCQ, and SF12 scores. Independent measures are arm circumferences and range-of-motion measurements of both arms.&amp;#x2028; The study population included 41 female individuals presenting either prior to or following surgical procedures in the axilla. See Table 1 for demographics. Of those undergoing lumpectomy, 95.24% had RT, none received axillary RT, and 31.58% of the mastectomy patients had RT to the axillary basin. Subjects receiving RT (65.85%) either had whole breast RT (74.07%) or axillary RT (25.93%), others received chemotherapy (53.66%), and a small percentage received herceptin (7.32%).&amp;#x2028; Internal validation of the quality of life surveys were highly correlated to each other. (Table 2). External validity was determined by comparing the quality of life surveys to the physiologic measures. The physical component of the SF-12 was significantly correlated to moderate lymphedema (p=0.019), which is defined as a difference in arm circumference of 2.0 to 3.0 cm. The patient sample included 11 patients with lymphedema, therefore the sample size was insufficient to assess the correlations between arm circumference and range of motion with the DASH and LBCQ.&amp;#x2028; The DASH, LBCQ, and SF-12 are appropriate and valid measures of post-operative quality of life in the patient population post breast cancer treatment. Further patient recruitment is necessary to adequately determine the external validity of the DASH as a measure of the quality of life of patients with lymphedema.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4096.
Risk of Recurrence of Resected Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Elderly Patients as Compared with Younger Patients
Authors: Boone Goodgame, Avinash Viswanathan, Jennifer Zoole, Feng Gao, C Ryan Miller, Janakiraman Subramanian, Bryan F. Meyers, Alexander G. Patterson, Ramaswamy Govindan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. Four general types of spontaneous pneumonia, associated with strains of Bact. lepisepticum similar in biology and virulence, are described: (1) an acute, diffuse form, with subpleural and perivascular orientation of the exudate, (2) lobar, (3) pleuro-, and (4) abscess pneumonia. 2. The acute, diffuse, lobar, and pleuro pneumonias may be induced experimentally by intranasal instillation of a virulent strain of Bact. lepisepticum. 3. These same types occur when the organisms are inoculated intravenously, intratesticularly, and subcutaneously. 4. Intrabronchial insufflation of the organisms brings about infection in less than half of the animals. When effective, a sharply circumscribed, peribronchial lesion is found at the base of the lung, which spreads peripherally by direct extension, and generally by invasion of the blood stream. 5. It is concluded that differences in the types of pneumonia following infection with similar strains of Bact. lepisepticum depend upon the resistance of the animal, and that the usual portal of entry of this organism into the lungs, in cases of acute and lobar pneumonia, is by way of the blood stream.
Concordant Disease in Identical Twins
Authors: William D. Heizer, Edward F. Lewison
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A unique pair of identical twins were concordant for breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, nontoxic goiter, hypertension, cholecystitis, obesity, relaxed pelvic outlet, and myomata uteri. The medical literature for concordant breast cancer in identical twins is reviewed and there seems to be a strong tendency for these tumors to occur in the same breast and at the same time.
THE ULTIMATE RESULT OF THE ROENTGEN TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST.
Authors: GEORGE C. JOHNSTON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

A review of the literature of carcinoma of the breast during the last year reveals but little from the pens of those operators whose experience in the use of the Roentgen ray is great enough to entitle their utterances to respect and attention. On the other hand a number of articles have appeared in the various journals which, on their face, betray ignorance and inexperience. The writer of one of these after relating a deplorable series of surgical mishaps arising during an attempt to operate on a breast which had been rayed by another operator, accuses this preliminary treatment of a number of unpleasant things and ends with a denial of the ability of the ray to produce any tissue changes whatever beyond a dermatitis, basing these sweeping assertions on an extended experience of 6 cases. Such articles as this, which is merely an example of a number of others
ENTEROCOLOSTOMY FOR ACUTE OBSTRUCTION OF THE TERMINAL ILEUM FROM INFECTION IN THE PELVIS AND LOWER ABDOMEN
Authors: C. A. Roeder
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In his article inThe Journal, Sept. 7, 1918, Dr. B. M. Anspach recommends an enterocolostomy for acute obstruction of the terminal ileum caused by infection in the pelvis, and cites clinical results. I am heartily in accord with his report and wish to emphasize my opinion by citing an article I wrote in the<i>Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</i>(1913,<b>169</b>, 313) in which I advocated this identical procedure for just such obstructions and reported three successful cases. Since then I have had four more, one in a child aged 4 years, all successful. I had operated on my first three patients previous to an article by Cheever (<i>Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</i>(1913,<b>168</b>, 719) in which he first described this type of obstruction of the terminal ileum from suppuration in the pelvis, the condition in his cases and mine being due to the appendix.
Medical journals with advertising are more likely than subscription journals to recommend drugs
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The glycosphingolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) has been shown to be a potent activator of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, rapidly inducing large amounts of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines upon injection in mice. The C-glycoside analog of α-GalCer (α-C-GalCer), by contrast, results in an enhanced Th1-type response upon activation of iNKT cells. We administered a single dose of these Ags to DBA/1 mice during the early induction phase of collagen-induced arthritis and demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of α-GalCer when administered early rather than late during the disease. Surprisingly, the Th1-polarizing analog α-C-GalCer also conferred protection. Furthermore, a biphasic role of IFN-γ in the effect of iNKT cell stimulation was observed. Whereas in vivo neutralization of IFN-γ release induced by either α-GalCer or α-C-GalCer early during the course of disease resulted in partial improvement of clinical arthritis symptoms, blockade of IFN-γ release later on resulted in a more rapid onset of arthritis. Although no phenotypic changes in conventional T cells, macrophages, or APCs could be detected, important functional differences in T cell cytokine production in serum were observed upon polyclonal T cell activation, 2 wk after onset of arthritis. Whereas α-GalCer-treated mice produced significantly higher amounts of IL-10 upon systemic anti-CD3 stimulation compared with PBS controls, T cells from α-C-GalCer-treated mice, by contrast, produced substantially lower levels of cytokines, suggesting the involvement of different protective mechanisms. In conclusion, these findings suggest long-term, ligand-specific, time-dependent, and partially IFN-γ-dependent immunomodulatory effects of iNKT cells in collagen-induced arthritis.