tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased eosinophil count in operating theatre personnel.
Authors: M Salo, P Puukka, A Rajamaki, S Aantaa
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy SIR,-While we would agree with the views of Mr V Moshakis (14 April, p 1014) concerning the inadequacies of the conventional barium meal, we disagree with his assertion that endoscopy should be the primary investigation of suspected upper gastrointestinal disease.That conclusion certainly cannot be drawn from our article "Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: its effect on patient management" (24 March, p 775), to which he refers.The population we studied was a selected one.There is no evidence that primary use of endoscopy in patients with dyspepsia would usefully increase the yield of treatable disease, and indeed the paper "Open-access endoscopy service for general practitioners" by Dr G Holdstock and others (17 February, p 457) showed no objective benefit as a result of such a policy.We wish to reiterate our statement that the result of any study of this type "must reflect the degree of selection used in referring and accepting patients for the procedure."It would be unfortunate if our conclusions were misinterpreted as justifying a policy of indiscriminate endoscopy.Radiology as practised to the high standard reached by the Japanese, and increasingly approached in this country, offers a high degree of accuracy, although it can never provide histological material.Where good radiology is available it would be at the very least premature to replace it by endoscopy as the primary in- vestigation, even if this were practicable.There could be a case on grounds of cost and accuracy for the use of endoscopy without a preceding barium meal in some dyspeptic patients, perhaps those over the age of 45 in whom treatment changes as a result of in- vestigation are more likely.This must remain a hypothesis until it is tested.
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF AGED PATIENTS IN A STATE MENTAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Sol Levy
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Improvement in medical care and general living conditions has definitely lengthened the average span of human life. Each year a greater percentage of the population reaches advanced ages, and statistics indicate that this trend will continue. Consequently there are constantly increasing numbers of persons subject to degenerative changes, especially in the central nervous system. Therefore, there has been an ever increasing demand for admission of aged patients to private and public mental institutions, and at the present time more than one-third of all persons first admitted to public mental hospitals in the United States are over 65 years of age. The magnitude of the important problem posed by this group needs no further emphasis, but it becomes even clearer if one considers that, for each person whose condition requires care in a mental hospital, there must be several others who can be cared for at home and who are not
Structural basis of von Willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib and collagen. Effects of disulfide reduction and limited proteolysis of polymeric von Willebrand factor.
Authors: P Bockenstedt, J M Greenberg, R I Handin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a large, multimeric glycoprotein that helps platelets adhere to vascular subendothelium. Although vWF binding to platelet receptors and connective tissue constituents is of fundamental importance in adhesion, there is little information regarding the nature of these vWF binding sites. In this paper, we have compared the structural requirements for vWF binding with platelet glycoprotein Ib (GpIb), heparin, and collagen and have shown that fragments derived from large vWF multimers retain biologic activity. We have shown that a 440,000-D subunit produced by disulfide reduction and alkylation of vWF polymer binds to platelet GpIb. When analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sepharose CL6B chromatography, the 440,000-D vWF oligomer is a dimer of the 220,000 subunit of fully reduced native vWF. This vWF dimer competes with 125I-vWF for binding to GpIb with an IC50 of 100 micrograms/ml (227 nM). The GpIb binding domain on vWF was further localized by digestion of native vWF polymers with Staphylococcal V8 protease. A 285,000-D fragment of vWF multimer was separated from heterogeneous 210,000-225,000-D fragments by its ability to bind to heparin. The 285,000-D fragment that bound to heparin Sepharose was composed of two disulfide-linked 175,000- and 115,000-D polypeptides. The heterogeneous fragments contained disulfide-linked 96,000, 66,000, and 53,000-D polypeptides when analyzed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 285,000-D fragment competed with 125I-vWF for binding to GpIb with an IC50 of 22 micrograms/ml (77 nM), while the other fragments did not compete for binding. Neither the vWF dimer nor the proteolytic fragments competed with native 125I-vWF polymer for binding to collagen.
Abstract 4613: Serum levels of antioxidants in college aged, elderly, and cancer patients
Authors: Trevor S. Bluemel, Michael Q. Sanderson, Jacob R. Jensen, Andrew R. Garrett, Melissa M. Alegre, Richard A. Robison, Kim L. O'Neill
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Antioxidants are able to prevent the oxidation of biomolecules. Free radicals are oxidants known to be agents which damage DNA. This damage can lead to cancer. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals and are an effective defense system. It has been shown that consumption of fruits, nuts, vegetables, and seeds increases the body's total antioxidant capacity.1 Performing a study that provides data on antioxidant levels in serum will offer insight on potential improvements that can be made in the diets of various populations. In this study we used the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) to compare serum antioxidant status in three different groups, college age, elderly, and cancer patients. Serum was obtained from 15 college age students (18-21) at Brigham Young University, 15 age matched elderly persons (over the age of 55), and 15 cancer patients. 10 ml of blood was drawn, allowed to clot, centrifuged to separate the cells from the serum, and then diluted to a 1/128 concentration. The ORAC assay was utilized as a way to determine the ability of serum to prevent the oxidation of fluorescein. The results of the experiment surprisingly demonstrate that cancer serum has the highest level of antioxidant status with 99200.97 trolox equivalents per Liter (TE/L) and a standard deviation (STDEV) of 17838.13. The elderly presented the second highest levels of serum antioxidants with 37837.75 TE/L and a STDEV of 7947.08. The college age group had the lowest TE/L with 19051.82 and a STDEV of 2113.36. The elderly compared to the youthful had a p-value &amp;lt; 0.0001, and the cancer patients compared to the healthy possessed a p-value &amp;lt; 0.0001. These results have brought forth more questions than answers. The elderly and cancer patients may have a greater concern for proper dietary intake compared to college age individuals. The cells of the youthful also may be more capable of intaking the antioxidants from the bloodstream. Further studies on these two conclusions may reveal more on the data retrieved. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4613. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4613
<i>Treponema pallidum</i>Immobilization Test in the Evaluation of Patients with Positive Serologic Tests for Syphilis
Authors: Arthur B. Kern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

ONE of the most perplexing problems that the physician may be called upon to decide is that of the patient with a positive serologic test for syphilis and no other evidence of the disease. Too often the decision is made to give treatment, with the idea that today this is relatively innocuous and easy to administer. Such a course has resulted in the unnecessary treatment of many persons with biologic false-positive reactions. Such therapy has labeled these people as syphilitic, frequently with considerable psychologic, sociologic and economic trauma. Another group of physicians have responded to the problem by assuming that . . .
Dynamic imaging of arginine-rich heart-targeted vehicles in a mouse model
Authors: Hua Zhang, Jiro Kusunose, Azadeh Kheirolomoom, Jai W. Seo, Jinyi Qi, Katherine D. Watson, Heather A. Lindfors, Erkki Ruoslahti, Julie L. Sutcliffe, Katherine W. Ferrara
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Specialist rehabilitation after stroke
Authors: J. Gladman, D. Barer, P. Langhorne
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The era of nihilism about stroke rehabilitation must surely have ended with the publication of a recent overview showing that patients cared for in specialist stroke units are significantly less likely to die than those cared for on ordinary wards.1 Organised stroke care lowers mortality without increasing the number of dependent survivors, since the reduction in the combined endpoint of death or institutionalisation is even greater (34%) than the reduction in mortality alone (21%).2 A decrease in odds of 34% is equivalent to an absolute reduction in risk of about 10%—far greater than the accepted benefits of thrombolysis for heart attack.

But these and other overviews3 raise several issues. Firstly, if a cumulative meta-analysis of the trials had been undertaken as they were published convincing evidence of benefit would have emerged at least 10 years earlier (P Langhorne, unpublished data). Secondly, the trials used different techniques for …
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
Authors: Grant J. Anhalt, SooChan Kim, John R. Stanley, Neil J. Korman, Douglas A. Jabs, Mark Kory, Hiroshi Izumi, Harry Ratrie, Diya Mutasim, Lina Ariss-Abdo, Ramzy S. Labib
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We describe five patients with underlying neoplasms in whom painful mucosal ulcerations and polymorphous skin lesions developed, usually with progression to blistering eruptions on the trunk and extremities. Histologic examination showed vacuolization of epidermal basal cells, keratinocyte necrosis, and acantholysis. Immunofluorescence testing revealed atypical pemphigus-like autoantibodies in perilesional epithelium and serum from all five patients. We studied the antigenic specificities of the autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, using extracts of 14C-labeled human keratinocytes. IgG purified from the serum of one patient was passively transferred to four neonatal mice to test for pathogenicity.
Griscelli disease maps to chromosome 15q21 and is associated with mutations in the Myosin-Va gene
Authors: Elodie Pastural, Franck J. Barrat, Rémi Dufourcq-Lagelouse, Stéphanie Certain, Ozden Sanal, Nada Jabado, Reinhard Seger, Claude Griscelli, Alain Fischer, Geneviève de Saint Basile
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
High PD-1 expression and suppressed cytokine signaling distinguish T cells infiltrating follicular lymphoma tumors from peripheral T cells
Authors: June H. Myklebust, Jonathan M. Irish, Joshua Brody, Debra K. Czerwinski, Roch Houot, Holbrook E. Kohrt, John Timmerman, Jonathan Said, Michael R. Green, Jan Delabie, Arne Kolstad, Ash A. Alizadeh, Ronald Levy
Journal: Blood (2013)
Pediatric Home Care: Results of a National Evaluation of Programs for Ventilator Assisted Children
Authors: Ernest N. Kraybill
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The home care of children who require long-term mechanical ventilation is a recent phenomenon, having occurred to a significant degree only since the late 1970s. Many of the children now being treated in this way were premature infants who had survived severe respiratory distress syndrome but developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a condition that may be associated with prolonged dependence on a respirator and supplemental oxygen. Others are children with a variety of neurological syndromes that impair respiration. To date, remarkably little has been published about the outcome of providing such treatment at home and still less about its impact on the families of the children.  In response to these and other children with dependence on medical technology, Surgeon General Koop convened a Workshop on Children With Handicaps and Their Families in Philadelphia (Pa) in 1982. Following that workshop the Division of Maternal and Child Health funded, through its Special Projects of
Effect of reduced oxygen availability upon myogenic depolarization and contraction of cat middle cerebral artery.
Authors: J H Lombard, J Smeda, J A Madden, D R Harder
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The goal of this study was to determine whether electrophysiological mechanisms contribute to the relaxation of cat middle cerebral artery in response to decreased ambient Po2 and whether decreased Po2 alters the myogenic depolarization and contraction of this vessel in response to elevations in transmural pressure. In one series of experiments, arterial segments (200-500 micron outer diameter) were isolated and mounted in an in vitro tension transducer to allow continuous measurement of active tension as bath Po2 was reduced. In these experiments, vessel relaxation occurred primarily between 150 mm Hg Po2 and 40 mm Hg Po2, suggesting that cerebral arteries are sensitive to alterations of Po2 in the physiological range. Relaxation did not result from the activation of dilator nerves in the vessel wall, since it was unaffected by tetrodotoxin. Arterial segments were also cannulated with micropipettes and subjected to elevations in transmural pressure during 300 mm Hg Po2 and 50 mm Hg Po2 superfusion. During 300 mm Hg Po2 superfusion, cannulated vessels exhibited myogenic depolarization and maintained their diameter as transmural pressure was increased; 50 mm Hg Po2 superfusion inhibited spontaneous spike activity, decreased the slope of the myogenic depolarization, and partially inhibited vessel contraction in response to elevated transmural pressure. These effects are independent of the parenchymal cell environment and appear to be mediated, at least in part, by electrophysiological mechanisms.
Skin surveillance of a U.K. paediatric transplant population
Authors: M.A. Thomson, N.R. Suggett, P.G. Nightingale, D.V. Milford, U. Baumann, D.A. Kelly, C. Moss, V.A. Hill
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of skin cancer. Melanoma is less common than nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) although the relative proportion of melanoma among skin cancers has been shown to be higher in paediatric than adult recipients. Multiple melanocytic naevi and/or atypical naevi may be a risk factor for the development of melanoma. The relationship between naevus counts and phenotypic characteristics, disease-related variables and sun exposure has not been explored in paediatric transplant patients.To determine the prevalence of premalignant and malignant skin lesions and to identify known risk factors associated with benign and atypical melanocytic naevi in a U.K. paediatric transplant population.Paediatric (< or = 19 years) renal and liver transplant patients, who were 5 or more years post-transplantation, were reviewed over 12 months. Lifetime history of sun exposure, episodes of sunburn, sunny holidays, sunscreen use, sun bed use, demographic and transplantation details were collected using interview, questionnaire and case note review. A skin examination was performed for regional counts of malignant lesions, benign and atypical naevi.Ninety-eight patients (82 liver, 13 renal, three multiorgan) with a median follow up of 9 years (range 5-16) were reviewed. Neither skin cancer nor premalignant lesions for NMSC were detected in this group. Eighty-five patients had benign naevi (median 6, range 1-57). Clinical risk factors for increased counts of benign naevi included increasing age (P = 0.03), more episodes of sunburn (P = 0.003) and prolonged treatment with cyclosporin (P = 0.009). The presence of atypical naevi in six patients was significantly associated with more episodes of sunburn (P = 0.006) and more transplants (P = 0.04). Other variables including phenotype, skin type, sun exposure, holidays abroad, residence abroad and total duration of immunosuppression did not correlate with benign or atypical naevus counts.Skin cancer was not observed in paediatric solid organ transplant recipients who were 5-16 years post-transplantation. Both benign and atypical naevus counts were higher in children with frequent episodes of sunburn. As both naevi and sunburn are risk factors for melanoma, we should target fair-skinned transplant recipients with naevi for intensive sun avoidance education. A prospective, longitudinal follow-up study should determine the onset of skin cancer post-transplantation and the significance of benign and atypical naevus counts in this cohort.
Nephron Stop-Flow Pressure Response to Obstruction for 24 Hours in the Rat Kidney
Authors: William J. Arendshorst, William F. Finn, Carl W. Gottschalk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Complete ureteral ligation of 24-h duration significantly reduced stop-flow and estimated glomerular capillary pressures in nephrons accessible to micropuncture in obstructed kidneys. In kidneys without ureteral obstruction, a similar response occurred in single tubules blocked for 24 h without affecting nearby unblocked tubules. Thus, the response to tubular obstruction occurs on an individual nephron basis and results from constriction of individual afferent arterioles. The mechanism leading to the response is unknown, but a feedback mechanism operating through the juxtaglomerular apparatus of individual nephrons is an attractive possibility.
Primary Cutaneous Histoplasmosis in Immunosuppressed Patient
Authors: Gary R. Cott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<i>HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM</i>may cause several types of cutaneous manifestations. Disseminated histoplasmosis has been most commonly associated with oral mucocutaneous ulcers,<sup>1-3</sup>which may persist longer than three months. The progressive cutaneous form of disseminated histoplasmosis may appear as granulomas, ulcerations, or papulonecrotic lesions. Differentiation of these lesions from other cutaneous ulcers on clinical grounds alone is difficult if not impossible. Etiologic confirmation is determined by isolating<i>H capsulatum</i>, usually from a biopsy specimen. Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis, in which the organism is confined to the skin, is uncommon. To our knowledge, only three verified cases have been reported.<sup>4-6</sup>Furcolow<sup>7</sup>has reviewed previous possible cases. In each of the three verified cases, the infection was self-limited without systemic therapy. The purpose of this report is to present a fourth case of apparent primary cutaneous histoplasmosis. The disease in this immunosuppressed patient differed from previously reported cases of primary cutaneous histoplasmosis in being
Alpha2 adrenoceptors regulate proliferation of human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: S Schaak, D Cussac, C Cayla, J C Devedjian, R Guyot, H Paris, C Denis
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND AIMS</h3> Previous studies on rodents have suggested that catecholamines stimulate proliferation of the intestinal epithelium through activation of α<sub>2</sub> adrenoceptors located on crypt cells. The occurrence of this effect awaits demonstration in humans and the molecular mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. Here, we examined the effect of α<sub>2</sub> agonists on a clone of Caco2 cells expressing the human α<sub>2A</sub>adrenoceptor. <h3>METHODS</h3> Cells were transfected with a bicistronic plasmid containing the α2C10 and neomycin phosphotransferase genes. G418 resistant clones were assayed for receptor expression using radioligand binding. Receptor functionality was assessed by testing its ability to couple Gi proteins and to inhibit cAMP production. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was followed by western blot, and cell proliferation was estimated by measuring protein and DNA content. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Permanent transfection of Caco2 cells allowed us to obtain a clone (Caco2-3B) expressing α<sub>2A</sub> adrenoceptors at a density similar to that found in normal human intestinal epithelium. Caco2-3B retained morphological features and brush border enzyme expression characteristic of enterocytic differentiation. The receptor was coupled to Gi2/Gi3 proteins and its stimulation caused marked diminution of forskolin induced cAMP production. Treatment of Caco2-3B with UK14304 (α<sub>2</sub> agonist) induced a rapid increase in the phosphorylation state of MAPK, extracellular regulated protein kinase 1 (Erk1), and 2 (Erk2). This event was totally abolished in pertussis toxin treated cells and in the presence of kinase inhibitors (genistein or PD98059). It was unaffected by protein kinase C downregulation but correlated with a transient increase in Shc tyrosine phosphorylation. Finally, sustained exposure of Caco2-3B to UK14304 resulted in modest but significant acceleration of cell proliferation. None of these effects was observed in the parental cell line Caco2. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The results obtained in the present study support a regulatory role for α<sub>2</sub> adrenoceptors in intestinal cell proliferation.
Blocking cytokine signaling along with intense Bcr-Abl kinase inhibition induces apoptosis in primary CML progenitors
Authors: D K Hiwase, D L White, J A Powell, V A Saunders, S A Zrim, A K Frede, M A Guthridge, A F Lopez, R J D'Andrea, L B To, J V Melo, S Kumar, T P Hughes
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Comroe's Arthritis and Allied Conditions
Authors: O. Savage
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1953)

DISEASESoutside the range of a review.The whole book deserves the most careful study and appears indispensable not only to rheumatologists in particular, but also to physicians generally.The translation is excellent.Reference to earlier work bearing on the same subject should be made as follows:
Hyperdiploidy is less frequent in AL amyloidosis compared with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and inversely associated with translocation t(11;14)
Authors: Tilmann Bochtler, Ute Hegenbart, Christiane Heiss, Axel Benner, Marion Moos, Anja Seckinger, Stephanie Pschowski-Zuck, Désirée Kirn, Kai Neben, Claus R. Bartram, Anthony D. Ho, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Dirk Hose, Anna Jauch, Stefan O. Schonland
Journal: Blood (2011)
Mitochondrial Ca2+ mobilization is a key element in olfactory signaling
Authors: Daniela Fluegge, Lisa M Moeller, Annika Cichy, Monika Gorin, Agnes Weth, Sophie Veitinger, Silvia Cainarca, Stefan Lohmer, Sabrina Corazza, Eva M Neuhaus, Werner Baumgartner, Jennifer Spehr, Marc Spehr
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)