tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cigarette Smoker's Bronchitis: The Effect of Relighting
Authors: J. Rimington
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Male volunteers for mass radiography examination aged 40 or more were questioned about their sputum production, smoking habits, and, when applicable, their method of smoking cigarettes. Of 5,438 cigarette smokers 1,051 (19%) claimed that when smoking a cigarette they usually extinguished it at some stage and later relit it to smoke again. Anyone who admitted to producing sputum from his chest on most days of the year or on most days for a minimum of three months of the year for at least the last two years was classed, in the absence of other causative disease, as a chronic bronchitic. Such chronic bronchitics totalled 1,864 (34%). The rate of chronic bronchitis among relighters (39·7%) was higher than the rate (32·9%) among the remaining cigarette smokers. The difference was of high statistical significance (P&lt;0·001), and the same pattern was maintained when age and consumption were standardized. After allowing for a trend towards lower social class and a preference for plain as opposed to filter cigarettes the rate of chronic bronchitis among relighters was about 15% greater than that of the remaining cigarette smokers.
Predictors and Sequelae of Distal Embolization During Saphenous Vein Graft Intervention From the CAVEAT-II Trial
Authors: Jeffrey Lefkovits, David R. Holmes, Robert M. Califf, Robert D. Safian, Karen Pieper, Gordon Keeler, Eric J. Topol, for the CAVEAT-II Investigators
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors and sequelae of distal embolization from a multicenter, randomized trial of saphenous vein graft intervention. The CAVEAT-II trial demonstrated that saphenous vein graft directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) was associated with greater angiographic success and less need for repeat intervention compared with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) but at the cost of more acute complications—notably distal embolization. Methods and Results In CAVEAT-II, 305 patients were randomly assigned to DCA (149 patients) or PTCA (156 patients) for lesions with &gt;60% diameter stenosis in vein grafts ≥3 mm in diameter. Distal embolization occurred in 20 patients (13.4%) assigned to DCA and 8 patients (5.1%) assigned to PTCA ( P =.011). Independent predictors of distal embolization were use of DCA (71% in distal embolization patients versus 47% in patients without distal embolization, P =.011) and presence of thrombus (39% in distal embolization patients versus 14% in patients without distal embolization, P &lt;.00). In-hospital adverse events were more frequent after distal embolization: 71% versus 20%, odds ratio plus (95% confidence intervals) 9.87 (4.65, 20.94). At 12-month follow-up, adverse event rates were also higher in patients with distal embolization (odds ratio, 3.05 [1.95, 4.76]). Conclusions In this first prospective multicenter trial of saphenous vein graft intervention, distal embolization was more common after DCA than PTCA and in lesions containing thrombus. It also was associated with worse in-hospital and 12-month outcomes. The risk and sequelae of distal embolization should be considered when choosing a treatment strategy for vein graft disease.
Insertion of Lippes Loop by Nurse-Midwives and Doctors
Authors: H. W. Vaillant, G. T. M. Cummins, R. M. Richart, B. A. Barron
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Follow-up studies of 7 to 19 months of two groups of 500 women each in Barbados, in one of which a Lippes loop had been inserted by a doctor and in the other by a nurse-midwife, showed a slightly higher incidence of pregnancy and expulsion of the loop in the second group, though the difference was not statistically significant. The insertion of loops by paramedical personnel when this is an economic necessity is thought not to be contraindicated, but adequate training is essential.
Exhaled breath condensate is not suitable to detect EGFR somatic mutations
Authors: A. Paradiso, S. Tommasi, R. Pinto, G. E. Carpagnano, M. P. Foschino-Barbaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

Somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are molecular targets of great clinical interest in lung cancer. In particular, its ability to permit clinical efficacy of specific therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( i.e. gefitinib or erlotinib) has been stressed 1, 2.

Interestingly, our group has already shown that the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be a useful and noninvasive way to collect biological samples derived from high up and deep within the airways 3, 4. EBC has been demonstrated to be informative on molecular alterations of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to characterise the oxidative and inflammatory process in the airways/lung 5, 6. In particular, we recently demonstrated an overlapping microsatellite signature from EBC and tumour tissue of the same patient showing …
Textbook on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse in the Soviet Union
Authors: Sidney Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Efforts to deal with alcoholism in the Soviet Union have been going on for 350 years without much success. It is estimated that each year up to half a million people succumb to alcohol-related disorders, compared with about 100 000 in the United States. Following the Communist revolution, it was confidently asserted that alcoholism was a disease of social decadence and that it would disappear in the new society. It has not done so. At present, another extra effort is under way to try to deal with the problems. This volume is authorized by the Chief Board for Education Establishments of the USSR Ministry of Public Health as a textbook for medical school students. It makes fascinating reading because it is so different from similar textbooks for American medical students. A few of the interesting differences and surprising statements will be mentioned here. Practically no data on the epidemiology of
Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study: First Prospective Enrollment of a Large Number of Surgical and Nonsurgical Cases in 2002
Authors: Noriyoshi Sawabata, Hisao Asamura, Tomoyuki Goya, Masaki Mori, Yoichi Nakanishi, Kenji Eguchi, Yoshihiko Koshiishi, Meinoshin Okumura, Etsuo Miyaoka, Yoshitaka Fujii
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Surgeons' tap use plays a key part in reducing water waste
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Surgeons’ legs could help save the world—or at least reduce the NHS’s carbon footprint. Using leg operated rather than elbow operated taps for scrubbing could save 1400 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions a year, new research indicates ( Journal of Hospital Infection doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.06.004).

Such a major saving—equivalent to the amount of carbon dioxide produced by 1200 people making a return flight from London to …
Proposed Union of the N. Y. Associations and Societies.
Authors: E. Eliot Harris
Journal: JAMA (1901)

New York City, Nov. 30, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I noticed, in the last number ofThe Journal, a communication stating that the Medical Society of the County of New York has expressed a desire to effect a union of the Medical Society of the State of New York with the New York State Medical Association. I believe that nothing will give greater pleasure to the members of the New York State Medical Association than to give the heartiest help in furthering the union of the whole profession in the State of New York. Yours sincerely,
IMPACT OF CHRONIC BETA-BLOCKER THERAPY ON DEVELOPMENT OF NEW-ONSET DIABETES MELLITUS IN ASIAN POPULATION
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Sung Il Im, Sunwon Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong-Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Neural preconditions for proto-language
Authors: James R. Hurford, Simon Kirby
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Representation must be prior to communication in evolution. Wilkins &amp; Wakefield's target article gives the impression that communicative pressures play a secondary role. We suggest that their evolutionary precursor is compatible with protolanguage rather than language itself. The difference between these two communicative systems should not be underestimated: only the former can be trivially reappropriated from a representational system.
Cardiovascular Function in Children with Severe Anemia
Authors: GERD J. A. CROPP
Journal: Circulation (1969)

We investigated the hemodynamic status of seven children (aged 7 months to 14 years) with severe iron-deficiency anemia or anemia due to renal disease before and after the anemias were corrected by isovolumetric exchange transfusions. In the anemic state (Hb 1.9 to 3.8 g/100 ml) mean values for cardiac index were 7.71 L/min/m 2 , for heart rates 129/min, for stroke index 61.7 ml/m 2 , for diastolic pressure 61 mm Hg, and for systemic vascular resistances 11.5 resistance units (RU). After the anemias were corrected, mean values for cardiac index fell to 4.58 L/min/m 2 , heart rate to 92/min, and stroke index to 50.5 ml/m 2 ; diastolic pressure rose to 74 mm Hg, and systemic vascular resistance to 22.8 RU. Post-exchange values were statistically significantly different from anemic values and were within normal limits for children. The mean cardiac index in anemic children was approximately the same as in adults with equally severe anemia; in children, increases in heart rate were greater and increases in stroke volume less than in equally anemic adults. Heart size (estimated by cardiothoracic ratio in eight anemic children) was increased. After the exchange transfusions it decreased from a mean of 55.4% to 51.2% ( P &lt;0.05) in four of the five patients who were not in congestive heart failure; but the abnormally large heart size of three anemic children in failure did not decrease. Blood volumes were normal in five anemic children who were not in failure and were abnormally large in two of the three anemic children in cardiac failure.
Severity of coronary atherosclerosis related to lipoprotein concentration.
Authors: P J Jenkins, R W Harper, P J Nestel
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The influence of individual lipoproteins on the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was studied in 41 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The extent of athero-sclerosis was quantified by a coronary atherosclerosis score (CAS) based on the number and severity of lesions in eight proximal segments of the coronary circulation. The concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) showed a strong inverse association with CAS, which was independent of the effects of age and other lipoproteins. On multivariate analysis concentrations of other lipids--namely, total plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and the combined effect of LDL cholesterol plus very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride--showed direct, significant correlations with CAS, but these were weaker than that of HDL. This study shows that concentrations of several circulating lipoproteins are related to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, HDL having an apparent retarding effect. These findings may partly explain the influence of lipoproteins on the development of clinical coronary heart disease.
Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis and the IUCD.
Authors: D W Purdie, M J Carty, T I McLeod
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Right-sided diaphragmatic hernia: neonatal presentation associated with an unusual physical sign Diaphragmatic hernia is a well-recognised cause of respiratory difficulty soon after birth.Recently, however, attention has been drawn to the fact that right-sided diaphragmatic hernia (RDH) often presents later and atypically.' 2 In these two cases of RDH an unusual physical sign was present, which may help in diagnosis. Case 1A 32-week, 1980 g girl developed clinical and radiological features of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome one hour after an uneventful birth.
Abstract 4901: BMI1 is not a marker of cancer or stem cells in the prostate.
Authors: Laxmi Gurunatham Pellakuru, Berrak Ocal-Gumuskaya, Qizhi Zheng, Jessica Hicks, Angelo De Marzo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The polycomb gene, BMI1, has been reported to be critical in regulating self-renewal and proliferation of a number of tissue-specific normal as well as cancer stem cells, and it has been shown to be overexpressed in several tumor types. BMI1 has been reported to be highly expressed in the prostate basal cell compartment (Lukacs et al 2010, Cell Stem Cell 7: 682-693), which houses prostate stem cells (Robinson et al 1998, Prostate 37: 149-160), as well as being upregulated in prostate cancer (Lukacs et al 2010, van Leenders et al 2007, Eur Urol 52: 455-463). However, other studies have not found BMI1 levels to correlate with prostate cancer (Wolters et al 2010, BJU Int 106: 280-286). We used immunohistochemical staining as well as chromogenic in situ hybridization to characterize the pattern of BMI1 expression in normal prostate as well as primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma specimens using both standard glass slides and tissue microarrays. For our IHC staining, we used the antibody from Cell Signaling, and we validated that on human prostate tissue, a single band is obtained by western immunoblot. Using this antibody, we were unable to show any consistent difference in BMI1 protein between prostate basal and luminal cells, with generally abundant staining in both compartments. Similar findings were seen with in situ hybridization for BMI1 mRNA. We also found that BMI1 is not consistently upregulated in primary or metastatic human prostate cancers, albeit most tumor cells in most cases showed robust nuclear staining. The findings that BMI1 is not enriched in the stem cell compartment, does not label only a subset of prostate cancer cells, and is not generally upregulated in prostate cancer to any significant degree supports the concept that BMI1 would not be considered a marker of stem cells, cancer stem cells or a cancer biomarker in the prostate. Citation Format: Laxmi Gurunatham Pellakuru, Berrak Ocal-Gumuskaya, Qizhi Zheng, Jessica Hicks, Angelo De Marzo. BMI1 is not a marker of cancer or stem cells in the prostate. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4901. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4901
Lung Function and Respiratory Health of Long-term Fiber-exposed Stonewool Factory Workers
Authors: EJVIND FRAUSING HANSEN, FINN VEJLØ RASMUSSEN, FINN HARDT, OLE KAMSTRUP
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The present study was undertaken to examine the respiratory health of a Danish workforce exposed to man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) during production. Workers with more than 5 yr occupational exposure to MMVF (n = 377) were compared to a group without MMVF exposure (n = 381). Respiratory health was assessed by questionnaire, dynamic spirometry, and measurement of transfer factor. Overall response rate was 63%. A sample of nonresponders was assessed by questionnaire and spirometry. On most spirometric indices the two groups had comparable values. However, a larger proportion (14.5%) of the exposed subjects had an obstructive flow pattern compared with the control subjects (5.3%). Subgroup analyses showed that the elevated risk of airways obstruction associated with exposure was restricted to heavy smokers. Transfer factor and prevalences of symptoms and self-reported disease were similar in the two groups. There is no indication of excess risk of lung fibrosis. However, a number of exposed workers have some degree of airflow obstruction, which cannot be explained by known confounders. An additive or synergistic action between smoking and fiber exposure on airflow obstruction can be speculated.
A mixed endocrine adrenal tumour causing steatorrhoea.
Authors: P Thesleff, C Benoni, H Martensson, A Nilsson, F Sundler, B Akesson
Journal: Gut (1987)

A 60 year old man developed steatorrhoea, weight loss, mild diabetes mellitus, labile hypertension and limb cramps. Raised plasma concentrations of catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline and a computed tomography-scan showing an adrenal tumour strongly suggested a pheochromocytoma. Adrenoreceptor blockade reversed the symptoms, decreased faecal fat, and increased duodenal trypsin to normal concentrations. After adrenalectomy the patient was asymptomatic and there was no steatorrhoea. The blood glucose concentrations became normal. Immunocytochemistry revealed the tumour cells to store large amounts of enkephalin and somatostatin reactive material and moderate amounts of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and dynorphin.
A 3 TESLA MRI-BASED REAL-TIME ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY MAPPING AND ABLATION SYSTEM WITH ACUTE VISUALIZATION OF ABLATION LESIONS
Authors: Ravi Ranjan, Eugene Kholmovski, Joshua Blauer, Sathya Vijayakumar, Nelly Volland, Gregory Gardner, Dennis L. Parker, Rob MacLeod, Nassir Marrouche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cutaneous Aspects of Internal Disease
Authors: Samuel M. Bluefarb
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The field of dermatology is getting so complex that one person can no longer have the latest knowledge on all its facets. Thus, in<i>Cutaneous Aspects of Internal Disease</i>, the author has enlisted the aid of 44 co-contributors. The author himself has written or coauthored 14 of the chapters. The book contains six sections: "Rheumatology," "Vascular Diseases," "Hematology and Oncology," "Cardiopulmonary Disorders," "Endocrinologic and Metabolic Disorders," and a "Miscellaneous Group," including gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, and neurocutaneous conditions. An outstanding feature of this book is that the chapters are short, and one does not have to read a great deal to get to the essential points. The usual tendency is to increase the size of a book with each new edition. I trust that this will not be the case with this book. As is usual with a book having multiple authors, there are some chapters that stand out. I particularly
Making a hash of data: what risks to privacy does the NHS's care.data scheme pose?
Authors: G. E. Hagger-Johnson, K. Harron, H. Goldstein, R. Parslow, N. Dattani, M. C. Borja, L. Wijlaars, R. Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Care.data proposes to link individual level hospital episode statistics (HES) and general practice data at the Health and Social Care Information Centre. As is currently the case for HES, linked data will be pseudoanonymised before being released to researchers.1 A proposed alternative is for identifiers (such as NHS number, date of birth) to be pseudoanonymised at source,2 using an encrypted hash, before linkage is performed.3 4

Pseudoanonymisation …
Reply from Authors re: Andrew Fuller, Stephen E. Pautler. Additional Evidence for Improved Functional Outcomes Following Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2011;60:420–1
Authors: Seong Cheol Kim, Cheryn Song, Wansuk Kim, Taejin Kang, Jinsung Park, In Gab Jeong, Sangmi Lee, Yong Mee Cho, Hanjong Ahn
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Targeting the Cyclin E-Cdk-2 Complex Represses Lung Cancer Growth by Triggering Anaphase Catastrophe
Authors: Fabrizio Galimberti, Sarah L. Thompson, Xi Liu, Hua Li, Vincent Memoli, Simon R. Green, James DiRenzo, Patricia Greninger, Sreenath V. Sharma, Jeff Settleman, Duane A. Compton, Ethan Dmitrovsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) and their associated cyclins are targets for lung cancer therapy and chemoprevention given their frequent deregulation in lung carcinogenesis. This study uncovered previously unrecognized consequences of targeting the cyclin E–Cdk-2 complex in lung cancer. Experimental Design: Cyclin E, Cdk-1, and Cdk-2 were individually targeted for repression with siRNAs in lung cancer cell lines. Cdk-2 was also pharmacologically inhibited with the reversible kinase inhibitor seliciclib. Potential reversibility of seliciclib effects was assessed in washout experiments. Findings were extended to a large panel of cancer cell lines using a robotic-based platform. Consequences of cyclin E–Cdk-2 inhibition on chromosome stability and on in vivo tumorigenicity were explored as were effects of combining seliciclib with different taxanes in lung cancer cell lines. Results: Targeting the cyclin E–Cdk-2 complex, but not Cdk-1, resulted in marked growth inhibition through the induction of multipolar anaphases triggering apoptosis. Treatment with the Cdk-2 kinase inhibitor seliciclib reduced lung cancer formation in a murine syngeneic lung cancer model and decreased immunohistochemical detection of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and cyclin D1 in lung dysplasia spontaneously arising in a transgenic cyclin E–driven mouse model. Combining seliciclib with a taxane resulted in augmented growth inhibition and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Pharmacogenomic analysis revealed that lung cancer cell lines with mutant ras were especially sensitive to seliciclib. Conclusions: Induction of multipolar anaphases leading to anaphase catastrophe is a previously unrecognized mechanism engaged by targeting the cyclin E–Cdk-2 complex. This exerts substantial antineoplastic effects in the lung. Clin Cancer Res; 16(1); 109–20
Electron microscopic and immunocytochemical studies of the sequence of events in psoriatic plaque formation following tape-stripping
Authors: MADALENE C.Y. HENG, S.C. ALLEN, G. HABERFELDE, M.K. SONG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Summary Electron microscopic and immunocytochemical studies were performed on sequential biopsies following the tape-stripping of the uninvolved skin in 12 patients with psoriasis. In the biopsies taken after 5 min for up to 7 days during the pre-psoriatic phase, there were initial lymphocyte-Langerhans cell interactions as well as interactions between lymphocytes and keratinocytes. In biopsies taken after 6–8 weeks during the proliferative phase there were lymphocyte-macrophage interactions. In the 24-h and 7-day biopsies there were close contacts between epidermal lymphocytes and keratinocytes via microvilli, with blebbing of the keratinocyte plasma membranes and granular cytoplasmic changes around these microvilli. Few basal keratinocyte herniations were noted during this phase. The 6–8-week biopsies of Köbner-positive patients were characterized by a marked increase in lymphocyte-macrophage interactions via similar microvillous processes with associated electron-lucent areas suggestive of cytotoxicity.
Gain-of-function GPIb ELISA assay for VWF activity in the Zimmerman Program for the Molecular and Clinical Biology of VWD
Authors: Veronica H. Flood, Joan Cox Gill, Patricia A. Morateck, Pamela A. Christopherson, Kenneth D. Friedman, Sandra L. Haberichter, Raymond G. Hoffmann, Robert R. Montgomery
Journal: Blood (2010)
A memorable patient: Early treatment of H pylori
Authors: T. Roscoe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Summarising yet another set of notes the other day, I came across a consultation from nearly 10 years ago that I easily recalled. At the time it had made an impact as I thought the patient most strange. Much later it had come back to me as I realised that he was right and I was wrong. I had not managed to remember who he was so could not confirm the details, until now.

The patient was a man in his middle years who had come for his tablets. He …