tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CASE OF INTRASPINAL EXTRADURAL ABSCESS
Authors: Neil S. MacDonald
Journal: JAMA (1928)

As reports on the subject of extradural abscess of the spine as a primary lesion have been found to be rather meager, in accordance with the literature extant and particularly in the experience of the Mayo Clinic, the report of the following case seems justified: In March, 1916, I saw in consultation a boy, aged 2 years, who, three weeks previously, had had an acute respiratory infection causing an otitis media which ruptured spontaneously and was discharging at the time of the examination. A diagnosis of anterior poliomyelitis had previously been made, which was a natural conclusion in the presence of an epidemic in the town and adjacent country. The patient presented a picture of profound septicemia, manifested by the usual accompaniments, such as loss of weight, fluctuating temperature, rapid pulse, sleeplessness and marked discomfort. In fact, rest was not obtained except through liberal doses of camphorated tincture of opium prescribed by the attending physician.
A genome-wide linkage scan for genes controlling variation in urinary albumin excretion in type II diabetes
Authors: A.S. Krolewski, G.D. Poznik, G. Placha, L. Canani, J. Dunn, W. Walker, A. Smiles, B. Krolewski, D.G. Fogarty, D. Moczulski, S. Araki, Y. Makita, D.P.K. Ng, J. Rogus, R. Duggirala, S.S. Rich, J.H. Warram
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Use Of Omalizumab To Treat A Nine-year Old, With Steroid-dependent, Allergic Asthma, Adrenal Insufficiency And Vertebral Compression Fractures Due To Steroid-induced Severe Osteoporosis
Authors: S. Santucci, A. Ring, C. Rizk, I. MacLuskey, J. Karsh, W.H. Yang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Robert James Dallas
Authors: A. Dallas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Robert James Dallas (“Bob”) was born in Coventry, England, but after being evacuated because of the worsening blitz, spent much of his childhood with his two brothers and parents in Angus County, Scotland, near where his father’s clan originally came from. Bob attended school in Dundee but his focus was drawn to medicine only after serving two years compulsory national service, after the war, in the British army.

Bob was a renowned athlete and excelled at school and in the army as a sprinter and soccer player. He gained an …
Carcinoembryonic antigen in disseminated colorectal cancer.
Authors: K R Hine
Journal: BMJ (1983)

that smoking tends to depress the appetite as well as the sense of taste is common knowledge among persons who want to lose weight.When I try, as I often do, to persuade people to stop smoking common responses are: "But I am afraid of getting fat" and "When I don't smoke I am hungry all the time."Perhaps all this simply reflects compulsion for oral satisfaction, but the key to the inverse relation between smoking and relative weight seems to be much closer to the gastrointestinal tract than to the respiratory system.
Bedside sonographic control for positioning enteral feeding tubes: a controlled study in intensive care unit patients
Authors: C. Gubler, P. Bauerfeind, S. Vavricka, B. Mullhaupt, M. Fried, S. Wildi
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aim: The correct placement of an enteral feeding tube in the duodenum in critically ill patients is usually controlled radiographically. However, a direct bedside method that obviates the need for exposure to radiation would be preferable. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of bedside sonographic position control for placing enteral feeding tubes in critically ill patients. Patients and methods: After placement of the enteral feeding tube, the position of the tip was determined using bedside transabdominal ultrasound. Native ultrasound was enhanced by injection of air bubbles into the feeding tube. The tube was regarded as being correctly positioned when the tube was visualized within the second or third parts of the duodenum. Plain abdominal radiographs with contrast served as the gold standard test. Results: A total of 76 consecutive examinations were analyzed. In 12 patients, access to the upper abdominal wall was not possible because of open wounds; in another 13 patients who had undergone extensive abdominal surgery, the duodenum could not be identified and so no conclusion could be reached regarding the position of the tube. In 51/76 patients (67 %) ultrasound identified the duodenum and it was possible to determine the position of the tube (46 true positives and 2 true negatives); the position was incorrectly diagnosed in three patients. The sensitivity was 96 % (95 %CI 87 % - 98 %) and the specificity was 50 % (95 %CI 36 % - 65 %), with a positive predictive value of 94 %. Conclusions: Bedside sonographic control of the positioning of enteral feeding tubes is very sensitive and can be a valuable alternative to radiological control, especially in patients without open abdominal wounds, external installations, or extensive abdominal surgery.
Obesity, smoking, and acid reflux are behind doubling in incidence of oesophageal cancer
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The charity Cancer Research UK is calling for better diagnosis of oesophageal cancer, as the latest figures show that its incidence nearly doubled in the 15 years to 2010.

The data also show that men are almost three times as likely as women to develop oesophageal cancer. Each year more than 5600 men and 2800 women in the United Kingdom are given a diagnosis of oesophageal cancer.

In UK men the incidence of oesophageal cancer rose from 8.8 cases per 100 000 in 1975-77 to 14.5 per 100 000 in 2006-08. In women it rose from 4.8 to 5.6 per 100 000 in the same period.

There are two main …
886 HTERT PROMOTER GENE POLYMORPHISM AND THE RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: J.Y. Park, H.Y. Chang, S.H. Ahn, J.M. Lee, D.Y. Kim, K.S. Lee, C.Y. Chon, Y.M. Moon, K.-H. Han
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Shared care helps reduce mortality in patients with heart failure
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Patients with newly diagnosed congestive heart failure who were followed up by both specialists and family doctors had lower one year mortality than those who saw only family doctors or had no specific cardiovascular follow up care, a Canadian study has found.

Of a total of 3136 patients discharged from 128 acute care hospitals in Alberta between April 1998 and July 2000 (median age 76 years; 50% men), 1062 (34%) received no follow up visits for cardiovascular care. Of the remainder, 738 (24%) were seen by a family doctor alone, 29 (1%) by a specialist (cardiologist or general internist) alone, and 1307 (42%) by a specialist and a family …
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of botulinum A toxin for severe axillary hyperhidrosis
Authors: None SCHNIDER, None BINDER, None KITTLER, None BIRNER, None STARKEL, None WOLFF, None AUFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Excessive axillary hyperhidrosis is a socially embarrassing condition which severely reduces quality of life and may result in psychological disturbance. Available treatment strategies do not resolve the problem in all cases. Intracutaneous injections of botulinum A toxin have been shown to be effective in patients with local sweating disorders. We performed a randomized, double-blind, within-group comparison in 13 individuals (nine women and four men) with severe axillary hyperhidrosis resistant to conventional treatment, to study the effect of intracutaneous injections of botulinum toxin on sweating. A total dose of 200 mouse units of botulinum A toxin (Dysport®) was injected into six different sites in one axilla, whereas the other was injected with sterile saline. Objective quantification of sweat production was performed using digitized ninhydrin-stained sheets. Three weeks after treatment, the mean difference in ninhydrin staining between botulinum-treated and placebo-treated axillae was −34.5% (P < 0.001), after 8 weeks −36.9% (P < 0.001) and after 13 weeks −28.4% (P < 0.001). Subjective rating of sweat production was evaluated on a visual analogue scale (0, no sweating, to 100, most severe sweating). Three weeks after treatment the difference between the botulinum-treated and placebo-treated axillae was −56.5% (P < 0.001), after 8 weeks −67.4% (P < 0.001) and after 13 weeks −62.5% (P < 0.001). No serious side-effects were observed.
Reactive oxygen intermediates increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: M Kuroki, E E Voest, S Amano, L V Beerepoot, S Takashima, M Tolentino, R Y Kim, R M Rohan, K A Colby, K T Yeo, A P Adamis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are required for ocular and tumor angiogenesis in animal models. Ischemic hypoxia is strongly correlated with increased VEGF expression in these systems and is considered a physiologically relevant stimulus. Because ischemic hypoxia is often followed by reperfusion and reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) generation, we examined the potential role of ROI in the control of VEGF gene expression. Human retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to superoxide or hydrogen peroxide rapidly increased VEGF mRNA levels. Superoxide-associated mRNA increases were dose dependent, blocked by antioxidants, and associated with elevated VEGF protein levels in conditioned media. Increases in VEGF mRNA levels were also observed in cultured human melanoma and rat glioblastoma cells with superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Cycloheximide prevented the ROI-associated increases in VEGF mRNA. Transcriptional inhibition with actinomycin D revealed an inducible increase in VEGF mRNA half-life, but nuclear run-on experiments showed no increase in VEGF transcriptional rate. Reoxygenation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro and ocular reperfusion in vivo increased retinal VEGF mRNA levels. Antioxidants prevented the reperfusion-associated VEGF mRNA increases in retina. We conclude that ROIs increase VEGF gene expression in vitro and during the reperfusion of ischemic retina in vivo. The ROI-associated increases are mediated largely through increases in VEGF mRNA stability.
Crohn's disease presenting as recurrent pulmonary oedema.
Authors: M J Bradshaw, R F Harvey, C J Burns-Cox
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Osteomalacia in presence of "normal" serum 25 -hydroxycholecalciferol concentration Measurement of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) concen- tration is commonly thought to be of value in diagnosing osteomalacia, especially in doubtful cases.'Preece et a12 measured 25-OHD concen- trations in patients with unequivocal osteomalacia and in no case was the concentration greater than 9 nmol/l (3 5 ng/ml).Undetectable serum concentrations of 25-OHD have, however, been shown to occur in elderly subjects in whom osteomalacia had been excluded on histological, biochemical, and radiological criteria.3We now report two cases of osteomalacia, diagnosed histologically, in which serum 25-OHD concentrations were close to the mean in elderly patients. Case reports CASE 1A 74-year-old woman presented with a two-week history of aches and pains across the chest and increasing lassitude and fatigue.She had been housebound for many years because of a nervous disposition and had been taking pentobarbitone sodium regularly at night.Investigations showed serum calcium concentration, corrected for albumin and globulin,4 106 mmol/l (4 2 mg/100 ml) (normal range for elderly women 1-22-1-66 mmol/l (4-9-6-7 mg/100 ml)), serum phosphate 0-58 mmol/l (1-8 mg/100 ml) (normal range for elderly women 0-80-1-30 mmoll (2?5-4 0 mg/100 ml)), and alkaline phosphatase 156 IU/l (normal range 30-130 IU/1).Urea, electrolyte, and creatinine concentrations were within the normal range and there was no history of chronic renal disease.Radiography of the chest, spine, pelvis, and upper femora showed thin bones but no Looser's zones.Serum 25-OHD 25-OHD concentration on the day after admission was 15 nmol/l (6 ng/ml).Histological examination of the bone biopsy specimen showed osteoid seams covering most of the bony surface with up to six bright lines.
Screening and Separation of Microorganisms Degrading PCBs.
Authors: A Bokvajova, J Burkhard, K Demnerova, J Pazlarova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We performed an assay to assess the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degradative capability and congener specificity of aerobic microorganisms. Microbial strains were isolated and separated from different types of soils in the Czech Republic, and their PCB-degrading abilities were compared. An industrial mixture of PCB congeners ranging from dichloro- to hexachlorobiphenyl and representing various chlorination patterns was used throughout. The PCB degradative ability of microorganisms was determined by gas chromatography after 7 days of incubation. The degree of degradation was found to depend on the number of chlorine substituents.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Revisited: Ultrasound-Guided Photoacoustic Detection of Micrometastases Using Molecularly Targeted Plasmonic Nanosensors
Authors: Geoffrey P. Luke, Jeffrey N. Myers, Stanislav Y. Emelianov, Konstantin V. Sokolov
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Metastases rather than primary tumors are responsible for killing most patients with cancer. Cancer cells often invade regional lymph nodes (LN) before colonizing other parts of the body. However, due to the low sensitivity and specificity of current imaging methods to detect localized nodal spread, an invasive surgical procedure--sentinel LN biopsy--is generally used to identify metastatic cancer cells. Here, we introduce a new approach for more sensitive in vivo detection of LN micrometastases, based on the use of ultrasound-guided spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging of molecularly activated plasmonic nanosensors (MAPS). Using a metastatic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma, we showed that MAPS targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor shifted their optical absorption spectrum to the red-near-infrared region after specific interactions with nodal metastatic cells, enabling their noninvasive detection by sPA. Notably, LN metastases as small as 50 μm were detected at centimeter-depth range with high sensitivity and specificity. Large sPA signals appeared in metastatic LN within 30 minutes of MAPS injection, in support of the clinical utility of this method. Our findings offer a rapid and effective tool to noninvasively identify micrometastases as an alternate to sentinal node biopsy analysis.
RESPONSES TO THE INJECTION OF EPINEPHRINE IN HEPATIC DISEASE
Authors: Robert F. Loeb, Esther B. Reeves, H. Pelham Glasier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1931)

Severe jaundice, i.e., "toxic hepatitis."t 1 millimol of glucose = 180 mgm.I 1 milli-equivalent of lactic acid = 90 mgm.+ = trace of bilirubin.A-blood pressure observed for 20 minutes only.B-blood pressure fell to 72/22 mm.Hg. 70 minutes after epinephrine 26 Hospital
Epidemiological significance of mineral fiber persistence in human lung tissue.
Authors: J C McDonald
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

For the experimentalist, mineral fiber persistence may provide clues to disease mechanisms, for the epidemiologist, to the measurement of exposure. Qualitatively, this can be valuable when unsuspected exposures have been demonstrated as, for example, MMMF workers exposed to amosite or chrysotile workers to tremolite. Quantitatively, the potential of lung burden analyses to assess lifetime mineral fiber exposure has yet to be achieved with confidence. The difficulties are 2-fold, the first related to sampling and the second to the dynamics of biopersistence. Until some noninvasive method is found to identify and quantify numerically inorganic fibers in human tissue during life, epidemiological studies must depend on lung samples obtained at autopsy or thoracic surgery. This source is inevitably subject to seriously large and indefinable bias of various kinds. Of equal importance is the present uncertain state of knowledge concerning factors that determine what is present in the lung at any time. These determinants clearly include the dimensional features of airborne environmental particulates and characteristics that affect their durability in tissue.
Removal of Polyps with Fibreoptic Colonoscope: A New Approach to Colonic Polypectomy
Authors: C. Williams, T. Muto, K. R. P. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1973)

By using a colonoscope diathermy snare a total of 75 polyps have been removed from sites throughout the colon in 43 patients. There was some haemorrhage in four cases but no other morbidity, and all patients were discharged home within 24 hours. The ease of this procedure suggests that it should replace colotomy and surgical polypectomy in the management of polyps inaccessible to the rigid sigmoidoscope.
CLIMATE CHANGE: Health Scenarios for a Warming World
Authors: Catherine M. Cooney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

A large fraction of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-the greenhouse gas produced by human activities in the greatest quantities-is long lived in the atmosphere, so decisions made today to continue adding CO 2 into the atmosphere may lock future generations into a range of human health and environmental impacts, some of which could become very severe, according to a committee of the National Research Council (NRC).In a report that looks at the short-and long-term effects of the stabilization of Earth's temperature, the NRC committee quantifies, as much as possible, the outcomes of different stabilization targets for the planet, with a focus on the United States. 1The report synthesizes global warming science in myriad fields along with research on the potential impacts for human health and other arenas.Then the committee adds a twist: rather than expressing climate goals in terms of stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 , the authors assess such goals using global mean temperature change as the primary metric.The twist allows the authors to link the potential impacts from climate change more directly to temperature change.Research to date suggests many potential impacts can be directly linked to temperature, or to things that can be themselves linked to temperature (e.g., precipitation), although some (e.g., ocean acidification) are linked directly to CO 2 concentration, says Damon Matthews of Concordia University, a report coauthor."But in this report we were . . .noting the additional impacts you would expect for a given degree
Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 and thimet oligopeptidase 1 knockdown support tumor-specific immune responses to whole cell cancer vaccines and tumor cell death in vivo
Authors: Jaba Gamrekelashvili, Miaojun Han, Tamar Kapanadze, Josef Wissing, Chi Ma, Lothar Jaensch, Todd Armstrong, Liz Jaffee, Ayla White, Deborah Citrin, Firouzeh Korangy, Tim Greten
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Tumor cell vaccines are widely used as a potential therapeutic. Different approaches are currently being applied to kill tumor cell vaccines prior to injection to prevent outgrowth of metastasis at the site of injection. We and others have previously shown that the mode by which
Reconstitution of hepatitis C virus-specific T-cell-mediated immunity after liver transplantation
Authors: Scott J. Weston, Rachel L. Leistikow, Rajender K. Reddy, Maria Torres, Anne M. Wertheimer, David M. Lewinsohn, Sunwen Chou, Michael P. Davey, Christopher Corless, Cliona O'Farrelly, David R. Nelson, Hugo R. Rosen
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver failure is the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. After transplantation, virological recurrence is the rule, but the spectrum of histological injury is wide, ranging from the development of allograft cirrhosis within a few years to minimal hepatitis despite long-term follow-up. The immunological correlates of this variable natural history are poorly understood. Here, we studied the kinetics of the cellular immune responses, viral replication, and allograft histology in 24 patients who had undergone liver transplantation for HCV-related liver failure. Using direct ex vivo methodologies (i.e., interferon-gamma ELISPOT and major histocompatibility complex class I-peptide tetrameric complexes), we found that patients who experienced viral eradication after antiviral therapy showed restoration of HCV-specific T-cell responses, whereas patients with progressive HCV recurrence that failed to respond to therapy showed declining frequencies of these viral-specific effector cells. The cytotoxic T lymphocytes that peripherally reconstituted after transplantation were clonotypically identical to those present within the recipient explant liver, defined at the level of the T-cell receptor beta chain (one epitope/one clone). Moreover, the subset of patients who spontaneously demonstrated minimal histologic recurrence had more vigorous CD4+ T-cell responses in the first 3 months, particularly targeting nonstructural proteins. We provide evidence that T-cell responses emerge after liver transplantation, and their presence correlates with improved histological and clinical outcomes. In conclusion, these results may help identify patients more likely to develop severe HCV recurrence and therefore benefit from current antiviral therapy, as well as provide a rationale for the future use of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience. wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
Family History Studies: V. The Genetics of Mania
Authors: THEODORE REICH, PAULA J. CLAYTON, GEORGE WINOKUR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

In this study of the families of 59 manic-depressive, manic type probands, the predominant affective illness among the family members was depression without mania, although mania was frequent. The findings suggest that genetic transmission occurred by a sex-linked single or double dominant gene. In two families affective disorder was linked to color blindness, implying that the X-linked gene for manic-depressive psychosis is on the short arm of the X chromosome.
Sequence variations in the flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 3 gene (FMO3) in fish odour syndrome
Authors: None BASARAB, None ASHTON, None du P.MENAGÉ, None McGRATH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Trimethylaminuria is inherited recessively as a defect in hepatic N‐oxidation of dietary derived trimethylamine (TMA) which causes excess excretion of TMA so that affected individuals have a body odour resembling rotten fish. Flavin‐containing mono‐oxygenase 3 (FMO3) catalyses TMA oxidation and mutations in the FMO3 gene have recently been shown to underlie trimethylaminuria/fish odour syndrome. We searched for FMO3 mutations in a previously unreported individual with this disorder using polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA, heteroduplex analysis and direct sequencing of heteroduplex band shifts. We identified a heterozygous missense Pro153→Leu153 mutation in exon 4. Leu153 has been reported previously as a homozygous mutation in two unrelated siblings with trimethylaminuria and has been shown to result in total loss of FMO3 enzyme activity. In our patient, two further missense mutations were identified on the other FMO3 allele, Val143→Glu143 and Glu158→Lys158. Lys158 is known to be a common polymorphism, but has functional significance in reducing enzyme activity by 10%. Glu143 has not been documented previously, but was shown to be a rare polymorphism and may be of further relevance in reducing FMO3 activity. Mutagenesis studies and enzyme assays will be necessary to confirm or refute the potential pathogenic significance of Glu143 in this patient, but the mutation Pro153→Leu153 appears to be a recurrent cause of this distressing metabolic disorder.