tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Premorbid Functioning in a National Population of Male Twins Discordant for Psychoses
Authors: Abraham Reichenberg, Jonathan Rabinowitz, Mark Weiser, Mordechai Mark, Zeev Kaplan, Michael Davidson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The goal of the current study was to compare premorbid behavioral and cognitive functioning between co-twins discordant for psychotic disorder and between these pairs of twins and pairs of twins with no psychotic disorders.The authors linked data from the Israeli Draft Board Registry, which contains cognitive and behavioral assessments of all 16-17-year-old male Israeli twins, with data from the National Psychiatric Hospitalization Case Registry. Pairs of male twins who were healthy at the time of testing but discordant for psychoses later on were compared with one another and with pairs of healthy male twins.The affected twins performed significantly worse than healthy twins on measures of individual autonomy, social functioning, and physical activity and nonsignificantly worse on measures of abstract reasoning. There were no significant differences in cognitive or behavioral scores between the co-twins who did or did not develop psychotic disorders.The authors conclude that these findings underscore the familial nature of behavioral and cognitive deficits antecedent to psychoses.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Late Effect of Insulin Shock Treatment
Authors: R. Hunter, M. Jones, B. A. L. Hurn, C. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Glucose tolerance tests were performed in a group of patients in a mental hospital who had been treated with insulin shock and in a matched control group. Five out of 31 (16%) patients in the insulin-treated group and 1 out of 22 (5%) controls had “diabetic” blood sugar curves. Median blood sugar values were significantly higher at 60 minutes and later in the insulin-treated group, as were mean blood sugar values when the “diabetic” patients were excluded. Small amounts of plasma insulin-binding antibody were found in two insulin-treated patients. In the absence of any other clear-cut explanation, it is suggested that in some patients massive doses of insulin by injection may leave diminished tissue responsiveness to insulin as a long-term after-effect.
Abstract 2543: A genome-wide analysis of ROHs identifies two susceptibility regions for non-cardia gastric cancer in han Chinese.
Authors: Zhibin Hu, Cheng Wang, Guangfu Jin, Dongxin Lin, Hongbing Shen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) are a novel class of genomic variation and may involve in the individual susceptibility to diseases. To better understand ROH and its relationship with non-cardia gastric cancer, we performed a genome-wide ROH analysis in two independent case-control studies (Nanjing study: 565 cases and 1,162 controls; and Beijing study: 468 cases and 1,123 controls) from Han Chinese populations. ROHs with a length from 0.5 to 1.5 Mb defined by at least 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated with the association of non-cardia gastric cancer risk using genome-wide SNP data. We found that the overall ROH levels were significantly associated with a decreased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer risk (odds ratio (OR) =0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50-0.73; P = 2.95×10-7). We also identified two ROHs at 15q13.2 and 2q14.2 that were consistently associated with non-cardia gastric cancer risk in both the Nanjing study (15q13.2: OR=0.55; and 2q14.2: OR=1.69) and the Beijing study (15q13.2: OR=0.41; and 2q14.2: OR=1.67). After combining the two studies, the association reached genome-wide significance level (9,749 ROHs, P&amp;lt;5×10-6) for 15q13.2 (OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.38-0.67, P=2.49×10-6) but not 2q14.2 (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.30-2.18, P=9.06×10-5). These results suggest that overall ROH levels may play a protective effect against non-cardia gastric cancer, and 15q13.2 and 2q14.2 regions may be new susceptibility loci for non-cardia gastric cancer. Citation Format: Zhibin Hu, Cheng Wang, Guangfu Jin, Dongxin Lin, Hongbing Shen. A genome-wide analysis of ROHs identifies two susceptibility regions for non-cardia gastric cancer in han Chinese. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2543. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2543
Research on Humans Published in JAMA
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The Letters by Hill 1 and Bartelt and Bowman 2 raise important issues, but both reveal confusion between two kinds of anonymous data collection. The replies by the authors of the articles in question 3-5 allude to but do not delineate the differences.  Testing for epidemiologic study purposes may be truly anonymous, or blinded—ie, without means for the investigators or anyone else, including the subject, to learn an individual's test result. This is accomplished by removing identifiers from the specimens and destroying all records that would permit relinking of identifiers with specimens or with other data before testing is performed or data are analyzed. Almost all ethicists agree that blinded studies do not require the consent of the subject if no information, specimen collection, or procedure is required apart from those done routinely for clinical or other purposes. The Code of Federal Regulations (Title 45, Part 46.101.b)
Sale of out of hours care company for 48m brings GPs big profits
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The private healthcare company Care UK has acquired the United Kingdom’s largest provider of GP out of hours services, Harmoni, in a £48m (€60m; $76m) deal that gives the company a firm grip on the provision of unscheduled care in the NHS.

The deal adds to Care UK’s substantial existing portfolio of primary care, diagnostic, and elective care services and means that the company will now be providing unscheduled care to more than 15 million patients across England. …
Cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Acremonium in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Kan Sf, Tsai Th, Hu Ch, Lee Wr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, Hyalohyphomycosis denotes infection by Penicillium species, Acremonium species, Paecilomyces species and others. Excluded from this category are infections by Aspergillus species or Pseudallescheria boydii, which are so common as to warrant a separate category for each agent.1 Infection by Acremonium, a saprophytic mould of low pathogenicity commonly found in the soil, began to appear during the last decade in patients with immunosuppression or subsequent to surgery or trauma.2, 3 A 60‐year‐old man presented with a 3‐month history of slowly enlarging ulceration on his lower left leg. During this period, he had received systemic antibiotics for 2 months from an outside hospital, but the cutaneous ulcer had deteriorated. The patient had previously applied topical herbs on the site to treat muscle strain. On examination, there was an ulcer on the lower left leg measuring 5·5 × 7 cm and surrounded by erythematous patches (Fig. 1). Skin biopsy from the edge of the cutaneous ulcer revealed necrotic tissue, granulomatous infiltration with neutrophils and lymphocytes, and septate hyphae in the dermis (Fig. 2A). Periodic acid‐Schiff staining showed the presence of numerous fungal hyphae. Staining for acid‐fast bacilli and a tissue Gram stain did not demonstrate any microorganisms. However, culture of skin tissue on Sabouraud's dextrose agar produced Acremonium species (Fig. 2B). Routine blood tests including full blood count with differential, routine biochemistry, blood sugar and antihuman immunodeficiency virus were all normal or negative. He was treated with oral itraconazole 200 mg daily for 9 weeks and the cutaneous ulcer healed gradually. At 10‐month follow up, no recurrence was seen.
Ventilatory response to arm elevation. Its determinants and use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: S K Epstein, B R Celli, J Williams, S Tarpy, J Roa, T Shannon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

During arm elevation, normal individuals predominantly recruit the diaphragm, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients use more the accessory inspiratory and abdominal expiratory muscles. To test that arm elevation is useful to study the ventilatory muscle response in COPD, and to define the factors that determine this response, we studied 34 patients (FEV1 0.95 +/- 0.08 L) during 2 min of arm elevation. Transnasal balloons were used to determine end-inspiratory and end-expiratory gastric (Pg), pleural (Ppl) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressures. The slope of delta Pg/delta Ppl (= Pgi - Pge/Ppli - Pple) was used to infer respiratory muscle recruitment. With linear regression, the delta Pg/delta Ppl during arm elevation significantly correlated with resting delta Pg/delta Ppl (r = 0.68), hyperinflation (FRC/TLC, r = 0.52), and diaphragmatic tension time index (TTIdi) (r = 0.47). With multiple regression, resting delta Pg/delta Ppl, percentage predicted FRC (FRC %pred) and TTIdi influenced delta Pg/delta Ppl during arm elevation (r = 0.84). Over the 2 min of arm elevation, the dependency upon resting breathing pattern decreased, while hyperinflation and TTIdi became increasingly important. Higher resting TTIdi values were associated with a faster and shallower breathing pattern (f/VT > or = 38) during arm elevation. We conclude that the pattern of respiratory muscle recruitment during arm elevation depends primarily on the resting breathing pattern. Over 2 min, the degree of hyperinflation and the force reserve of the diaphragm increasingly impact on the ability to recruit the diaphragm. Measurement of f/VT during arm elevation is useful to determine functional reserve of the diaphragm in severe COPD.
Chronic hepatitis B reactivation and systemic glucocorticosteroid therapy
Authors: C-C. Wang, S-Y. Wang, T-H. Tsai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, We read with interest the article by Yang et al.1 in a recent issue of the Journal in which they retrospectively reviewed patients with pemphigus vulgaris and dermatomyositis treated with immunosuppressive therapies including systemic glucocorticosteroid (GC). In the article, the authors suggested that four of 98 patients had developed hepatitis because of GC‐induced hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. The observation is quite informative and is particularly important to those patients in HBV‐endemic areas requiring long‐term GC therapy. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously before concluding that the use of GC has led to HBV reactivation directly in these patients. HBV reactivation is characterized by a temporal relationship between the rise in viral load of HBV, biochemical hepatitis and medication use. The occurrence of hepatitis during or immediately after cytotoxic chemotherapy is accompanied either by a 10‐fold increase in HBV DNA levels or by an absolute increase that exceeds 9 log10 copies mL−1, in the absence of other systemic infections.2 Therefore, the baseline characteristics of HBV infection are essential to establish a definite diagnosis of HBV reactivation.
Lack of cell surface Fas/APO-1 expression in pulmonary adenocarcinomas.
Authors: Y Nambu, S J Hughes, A Rehemtulla, D Hamstra, M B Orringer, D G Beer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The Fas receptor and ligand initiate an apoptotic pathway. Alterations in this pathway within tumor cells can result in escape from apoptosis and immune surveillance. We evaluated Fas protein expression in 42 primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas, and Fas expression and function in the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and A427. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated Fas protein expression in 47.6% of the tumors; however, Fas-positive tumors demonstrated cytoplasmic staining without cell surface expression. Northern blot analysis indicated that levels of Fas mRNA were similar in Fas protein-positive tumors to levels in normal lung tissue, but were reduced in Fas protein-negative tumors. Soluble form Fas was not detected in the majority of these tumors either by RT-PCR or Western blot analysis. Cell surface Fas protein expression was minimal in A549 and A427 cell lines as determined by flow cytometry. Both cell lines demonstrated Fas mRNA expression by Northern blot analysis and abundant protein expression by Western blot analysis. Transfection of the Fas cDNA derived from A549 cells induced surface Fas protein in COS cells; however, stable transfection of a native Fas cDNA into A549 cells failed to induce surface Fas protein expression. Parental A549 cells and A549 cells transfected with a Fas expression vector were resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Transgenic expression of a FLAG-tagged Fas cDNA in A549 cells, with visualization of the Fas-FLAG protein using confocal microscopy, demonstrated that the Fas-FLAG protein was retained within cytoplasmic portions of the cell and was not translocated to the cell surface. These findings suggest that the Fas protein is reduced or not present on the cell surface in the primary lung tumors and is sequestered within A549 tumorigenic lung cells, and these alterations directly affect the cells resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis.
An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase I/II Study of JNJ-40346527, a CSF-1R Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Bastian von Tresckow, Franck Morschhauser, Vincent Ribrag, Max S. Topp, Caly Chien, Shobha Seetharam, Regina Aquino, Sonja Kotoulek, Carla J. de Boer, Andreas Engert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

This phase I/II study investigated JNJ-40346527, a selective inhibitor of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) tyrosine kinase as treatment for relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).Patients ≥18 years with histopathologically confirmed initial diagnosis of cHL that had relapsed or was refractory after ≥1 appropriate therapies were assigned to sequential cohorts of oral daily doses of JNJ-40346527 (150, 300, 450, 600 mg every day, and 150 mg twice a day). For the dose-escalation phase, the primary endpoint was to establish the recommended phase II dose. Secondary endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.Twenty-one patients [(150 mg: 3; 300 mg: 5; 450 mg: 3, 600 mg: 3) every day, and 150 mg twice a day: 7] were enrolled, 10 men, median age 40 (range, 19-75) years, median number of prior systemic therapies 6 (range, 3-14). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed; maximum-tolerated dose was not established. Best overall response was complete remission in 1 patient (duration, +352 days) and stable disease in 11 patients: (duration, 1.5-8 months). Median number of cycles: 4 (range, 1-16). Most common (≥20% patients) possibly drug-related adverse events (per investigator assessment) were nausea (n = 6), headache, and pyrexia (n = 5 each). JNJ-40346527 exposure increased in near dose-proportional manner over a dose range of 150 to 450 mg every day, but plateaued at 600 mg every day. Target engagement was confirmed (>80% inhibition of CSF-1R phosphorylation, 4 hours after dosing).JNJ-40346527, a selective inhibitor of CSF-1R was well tolerated, and preliminary antitumor results suggested limited activity in monotherapy for the treatment of cHL.
Improving clinical effectiveness in the NHS
Authors: D. Mellor
Journal: BMJ (1989)

able to give full informed consent when prescribed transurethral resection for prostatic hvpertrophv.Are they being denied the information that such an approach carries certain disadvantages, or would full disclosures of this kind be reserved only for patients randomised into clinical trials?If so, this suggests that a double standard exists already and that ethical committees, instead of merely scrutinising the protocols of randomised controlled trials, should also be scrutinising the amount of information that patients are being given outside clinical trials.To deny a patient the knowledge of an appreciable and perhaps avoidable risk of mortality by the uncritical adoption of transurethral resection also raises important ethical issues.
Abstract 5227: Quantitative network models of signaling and drug response in melanoma.
Authors: Anil Korkut, Weiqing Wang, Evan Molinelli, Martin Miller, Poorvi Kaushik, Arman Aksoy, Chris Sander
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Use of targeted drug combinations are potentially key to preventing emergence of resistance to initially successful single agents such as RAF inhibitors. Thus, systematic nomination of novel drug combinations is important to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we present an experimental-computational network pharmacology method to infer quantitative signaling networks in tumor cells, predict response to perturbations, and ultimately, nominate targeted drug combinations that will generate a desired phenotypic response. We use a series of targeted drugs, singly or in combination to perturb cancer cells. We measure quantitative proteomic (total and phoshpo-protein levels) and phenotypic (e.g. cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle progression) response profiles to perturbations. Proteomic responses are measured with the reverse phase protein array technology. Next, we infer quantitative network models, using the response profiles as training sets. Solution space of all network model configurations is prohibitively large and Monte Carlo based inference algorithms fail to generate accurate network models in sizes relevant for cancer biology. In order to solve the inference problem, we have adapted an iterative and probabilistic inference algorithm, belief propagation from statistical physics. Resulting network models are based on simple non-linear differential equations and quantitatively link signaling events to phenotypic changes. We have generated quantitative network models of signaling in RAF inhibitor resistant melanoma cell lines in sizes (i.e. ∼100 nodes) unreachable by other network inference algorithms. We have nominated novel combination therapies through combinatorial in silico perturbations of all nodes in derived networks and experimentally tested the predicted phenotypic responses. Citation Format: Anil Korkut, Weiqing Wang, Evan Molinelli, Martin Miller, Poorvi Kaushik, Arman Aksoy, Chris Sander. Quantitative network models of signaling and drug response in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5227. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5227
A UNIQUE CASE OF COEXISTENT TUBERCULOSIS AND SYPHILIS IN THE GENITAL TRACT
Authors: David M. P. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The fact that tuberculosis and syphilis frequently coexist in a patient is attested by experience. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —J. S., a colored man, aged 48, a laborer, single, admitted to the urologic service, Aug. 3, 1921, complained of swelling in the left inguinal region of two months' duration, starting with swelling in the corresponding testicle and traveling to the groin. <h3>Physical Examination.</h3> —There was a swelling in the left inguinal region about the size of a small egg, indurated in character, with a slight amount of tenderness present. There was slight involvement of the neighboring gland on each side of the swelling. The left testicle felt normal, but the epididymis was enlarged, hard and somewhat tender, with distinct small nodules on the vas, which also felt thickened. The right testicle was involved in a small mass, and presented several small distinctly nodular spots on its surface. The epididymis on
Deletion of the 1p32 region is a major independent prognostic factor in young patients with myeloma: the IFM experience on 1195 patients
Authors: B Hebraud, X Leleu, V Lauwers-Cances, M Roussel, D Caillot, G Marit, L Karlin, C Hulin, C Gentil, F Guilhot, L Garderet, T Lamy, S Brechignac, B Pegourie, J Jaubert, M Dib, A-M Stoppa, C Sebban, C Fohrer, J Fontan, C Fruchart, M Macro, F Orsini-Piocelle, G Lepeu, C Sohn, J Corre, T Facon, P Moreau, M Attal, H Avet-Loiseau
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Population and the Environment
Authors: H. Phelps Potter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 January 1991Population and the EnvironmentH. Phelps Potter Jr, MDH. Phelps Potter Jr, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-2-170 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: McCally and Cassel (1) have reviewed the compelling evidence that environmental collapse may occur during the next century. They have described the health consequences, urged physicians to get involved, and pointed out that "environmental degradation can be viewed as an ecological problem, the result of an imbalance between the earth's resources and the rapidly growing human population."Evidence for continuing runaway world population growth exists, and the primary means of containing this growth is international family planning (2). Unfortunately, access to family planning in the United States and in developing nations (dependent on U.S. foreign aid) is...References1. McCallyCassel MC. Medical responsibility and global environmental change. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:467-73. LinkGoogle Scholar2. King M. Health is a sustainable state. Lancet. 1990;1:664-7. CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. McCallyCassel MC. Medical responsibility and global environmental change. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:467-73. LinkGoogle Scholar1. McCallyCassel MC. Medical responsibility and global environmental change. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:467-73. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1991Volume 114, Issue 2Page: 170-171KeywordsEnvironmental health Issue Published: 15 January 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pneumopyopericardium Secondary to Perforation of Benign Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Donald W. Romhilt
Journal: JAMA (1965)

PNEUMOPYOPERICARDIUM is itself exceedingly uncommon and occurs even more rarely as a complication of benign gastric ulceration. We have found only ten case reports in the literature. The first of these was described by Hallin<sup>1</sup>in 1863, and the last by Frey<sup>2</sup>in 1961. Pick<sup>3</sup>reviewed six of the cases reported prior to 1894 in his monograph on perforations through the diaphragm from gastric ulcers, and the remaining three were reported by Parisot<sup>4</sup>(1885), Mathieu and Alivistros<sup>5</sup>(1918), and Dassel and Kirsh<sup>6</sup>(1954). Perforation of a gastric ulcer with the formation of a subphrenic abscess and subsequent dissection through the diaphragm into the pericardium was the usual course of events, with the exception of Frey's case where there was direct extension from an ulcer in a hiatus hernia. The general subject of pneumopyopericardium has been reviewed by Meyer.<sup>7</sup>The etiology of this condition includes
UN official warns of deteriorating health situation in Gaza Strip
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The United Nations' top humanitarian official has warned that the health situation has seriously deteriorated in the Gaza Strip and called on the Israeli government not to restrict the exit of Palestinian emergency patients seeking care outside the territory.

John Holmes, the UN emergency relief coordinator, voiced “great concern” about the humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and in the West Bank over the increasing restrictions on commercial and humanitarian activity.

The “squeeze is tightening all the time,” he said …