tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic findings and clinical patterns are not useful for distinguishing low from high grade gastric MALT lymphoma Reply
Authors: A. TURSI, G. CAMMAROTA, A. PAPA, G. FEDELI, G. GASBARRINI, B G TAAL, H BOOT, D D. JONG
Journal: Gut (1997)

Editor,—Taal et al showed recently ( Gut 1996; 39: 556–61) that both clinical parameters and endoscopic findings differ significantly between low and high grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma . In fact, low grade MALT lymphoma has often been interpreted endoscopically as a benign condition, whereas high grade MALT lymphoma often has neoplastic-like features. Weight loss and older age are more frequent in high grade MALT lymphoma.

In our experience the endoscopic findings and clinical parameters differ from the data reported by Taal et al .

Between 1993 and 1996 we diagnosed one high grade and three low grade MALT lymphomas. In the low grade MALT lymphomas (one 70 year old man and two women, one 65 and the other 56 years old), the endoscopic findings were a gastric ulcer in the male patient, and a large antral mass with multiple ulcerations in the first and a large polypoid mass with pyloric obstruction in the second female patient. All of them had lost weight (6–10 kg). The male patient and the female patient with multiple antral ulcerations were Helicobacter pylori positive. These patients were treated with an H pylori eradication regimen, and the H pylori negative patient was treated with polichemotherapy. In …
Of fish and men: A comparative approach to androgens and social dominance
Authors: Rui F. Oliveira
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Four aspects of Mazur &amp; Booth's target article are discussed from a comparative perspective using teleost fish as a reference: (a) the relationship between aggression, dominance, and androgens; (b) the interpretation of the data in light of the challenge hypothesis; (c) the potential role of testosterone as a physiological mediator between social status and the expression of male characters; and (d) the fact that metabolic conversions of testosterone may be important in its effect on aggression/ dominance.
Debate over US Gulf war syndrome continues
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Evidence is accumulating that the so called Gulf war syndrome has affected not only soldiers who served in the war in 1991 but also their partners and perhaps their children. About 20000 of the 700000 American troops who served in the Gulf war have signed a register of potential sufferers of the syndrome, which has been said to cause fatigue, myalgias, and other vague symptoms.

Late last month 400 preliminary responses in a survey of 1000 of those on the register showed that 78% of their spouses and 65% of their children born since the war had suffered some sort of unusual symptoms, according to a spokesperson …
Mortality associated with use of weapons in armed conflicts, wartime atrocities, and civilian mass shootings: literature review
Authors: R. M Coupland, D. R Meddings
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the implications of variation in mortality associated with use of weapons in different contexts. <b>Design:</b> Literature review. <b>Settings:</b> Armed conflicts and civilian mass shootings, 1929-96. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Mortality from wounds. <b>Results:</b> During the fighting of war the number of people wounded is at least twice the number killed and may be 13 times as high; this ratio of the number wounded to the number killed results from the impact of a weapon system on human beings in the particular context of war. When firearms are used against people who are immobilised, in a confined space, or unable to defend themselves the wounded to killed ratio has been lower than 1 or even 0. <b>Conclusions:</b> Mortality from firearms depends not only on the technology of the weapon or its ammunition but also on the context in which it is used The increased mortality resulting from the use of firearms in situations other than war requires a complex interaction of factors explicable in terms of wound ballistics and the psychology of the user. Understanding these factors has implications for recognition of war crimes. In addition, the lethality of conventional weapons may be increased if combatants are disabled by the new non-lethal weapons beforehand; this possibility requires careful legal examination within the framework of the Geneva Conventions. <h3>Key messages</h3> Mortality from firearms varies according to the context in which they are used In war the number of people wounded is at least twice the number killed The number killed may be greater than the number wounded when firearms are used against people who are immobilised, in a confined space, or unable to defend themselves Recognising how the wounded to killed ratio varies has implications for recognising war crimes Combining use of weapons that are designed to incapacitate with use of conventional weapons requires examination under the law of war
Survival of the Fittest — More Evidence
Authors: Gary J. Balady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In 1859, Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution as an incessant struggle among individuals with different degrees of fitness within a species.1 At that time, his explanations created remarkable controversy, but they were to revolutionize the course of science. Darwin's writings reflected conclusions drawn from years of study and observation. Now, nearly 150 years later, in the era of evidence-based medicine and rigorous scientific method, when fitness is measured and study subjects are followed for years, the data supporting the concept of survival of the fittest are strong and compelling. During the past 15 years, many long-term epidemiologic studies . . .
Assessment of Transmural Distribution of Myocardial Perfusion With Contrast Echocardiography
Authors: Andre Z. Linka, Jiri Sklenar, Kevin Wei, Ananda R. Jayaweera, Danny M. Skyba, Sanjiv Kaul
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —We hypothesized that by using our newly defined method of destroying microbubbles and measuring their rate of tissue replenishment, we could assess the transmural distribution of myocardial perfusion. Methods and Results —We studied 12 dogs before and after creation of left anterior descending coronary artery stenoses both at rest and during hyperemia (n=62 stages). Microbubbles were administered as a constant infusion, and myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was performed with the use of different pulsing intervals. The video intensity versus pulsing interval plots derived from each myocardial pixel were fitted to an exponential function: y= A (1−e βt ), where A reflects microvascular cross-sectional area (or myocardial blood volume), and β reflects mean myocardial microbubble velocity. The product A · β represents myocardial blood flow (MBF). Average values for these parameters were derived from the endocardial and epicardial regions of interest placed over the left anterior descending coronary artery bed. Radiolabeled microsphere–derived MBF was also measured from the same regions. There was poor correlation between radiolabeled microsphere–derived MBF and A -endocardial/epicardial ratios (EER) ( r =0.46). The correlation with β -EER was better ( r =0.69, P &lt;0.01). The best correlation with radiolabeled microsphere–derived MBF-EER was noted with A · β -EER ( r =0.88, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions —The transmural distribution of myocardial perfusion can be accurately assessed with MCE with the use of our newly described method of tissue replenishment of microbubbles after their ultrasound-induced destruction. In the model studied, an uncoupling of the transmural distribution of MBF and myocardial blood volume was observed during reversal of the MBF-EER.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Mordchai Ravid
Journal: JAMA (1979)

POSTMORTEM evidence of pulmonary involvement was found in 40% of patients with malignant lymphoma.<sup>1</sup>During the course of the disease, approximately 7% of the patients showed hilar lymphadenopathy. Pulmonary parenchymal infiltration is rare.<sup>2</sup>A clinical syndrome directly related to pulmonary infiltration was described in a few single cases as a terminal event of a rapidly progressive disease.<sup>3</sup>In this report, we describe three patients in whom an acute respiratory distress syndrome was the presenting symptom of malignant lymphoma. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 72-year-old man had severe respiratory distress that had developed over the previous four days. On examination, there were tachypnea, cyanosis, and tachycardia, but no fever. Coarse crepitations and occasional rhonchi were audible over both lungs. There was no venous congestion, and the liver and the spleen were not enlarged. The left anterior cervical lymph nodes were enlarged. There was a necrotic area on
Three-Dimensional Surface Display with I-123 IMP in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: HIROYUKI NISHIMURA, HISAO TACHIBANA, KEITA KAWABATA, MINORU SUGITA, MINORU FUKUCHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 52-year-old woman with normal mentation experienced slowly progressive muscle weakness and atrophy in lower limbs for seven months. She was diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with upper and lower motor neuron signs by neurological examination, EMG and muscle biopsy from the right biceps brachil muscle. Brain CT and MRI showed no abnormal densities. Three-dimensional surface display with 1–123 IMP demonstrated regional hypoperfusion in bilateral motor-sensory and left parietal cortices although 1–123 IMP SPECT disclosed no regional abnormalities. Three-dimensional surface display with 1–123 IMP should prove applicable
Improved GFR estimation by combined creatinine and cystatin C measurements
Authors: Y.-C. Ma, L. Zuo, J.-H. Chen, Q. Luo, X.-Q. Yu, Y. Li, J.-S. Xu, S.-M. Huang, L.-N. Wang, W. Huang, M. Wang, G.-B. Xu, H.-Y. Wang
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Birthplace of Thomas Willis.
Authors: C. Symonds, W. Feindel
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Unexpected Home Confinement-Fraser MEDICALISHURNAL floor, fortunately without any serious consequences.Of more concern was the fact that a further five patients delivered while sitting on the toilet and only two of these babies survived.Undoubtedly, the length of time these babies were left in the toilet (20 minutes, 1i hours, and lO hours in the case of those
Industry's pledges to limit harms of alcohol are unlikely to work, research finds
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The “responsibility deal” on alcohol launched by the government in 2011 is unlikely to be effective, a team at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has concluded.

The pledges made under the deal—which seeks to enlist the drinks industry to make voluntary changes to its products and marketing to limit the harms of alcohol—are likely to be ineffective or would have happened anyway, the team said.

Even where progress has been made, such as in the launch of lower alcohol products, the researchers declined to award any rosettes. Cecile Knai and her colleagues said that they would prefer to have seen reductions in the alcohol content of existing drinks combined with price incentives, such as making weaker drinks cheaper. The launch of new products that widen the market runs the risk of increasing demand rather than reducing it, they said.

The deal and a parallel one on food have been criticised by public health bodies since they were launched. Few gave them any chance of succeeding; the new research will add force to their criticisms.

Knai and colleagues …
Common DISC1 Polymorphisms Disrupt Wnt/GSK3β Signaling and Brain Development
Authors: Karun K. Singh, Gianluca De Rienzo, Laurel Drane, Yingwei Mao, Zachary Flood, Jon Madison, Manuel Ferreira, Sarah Bergen, Cillian King, Pamela Sklar, Hazel Sive, Li-Huei Tsai
Journal: Neuron (2011)
A New Device for Measuring Urinary Output Hourly
Authors: B. W. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Knowledge of the hourly volume of urine excreted is often of value in managing certain severe fluid and electrolyte abnormalities such as severe burns, intestinal obstruction, and acute renal failure. A new urometer has been devised which permits hourly measurement of urine output simply and accurately.  Basically, a plastic 100-cc. graduate cylinder has been adapted to fit into tubing connecting an indwelling bladder catheter to a collection jug (see the figure). A simple pinchcock is applied at the lower end of the cylinder. As urine flows down the tubing, it collects in the cylinder. A small hole in the top of the cylinder provides an air vent. A nurse reads and records the volume of urine in the cylinder on the hour, opens the pinchcock, and allows the urine to drain into the collection jug. The pinchcock is released, and the urometer is ready to collect for the next period.
Drug Treatment in Psychiatry
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In the past decade, physicians have had made available to them a rash of books on the psychopharmaceuticals and their uses in the treatment of mental and emotional disorders. This latest addition to the list of these volumes is coauthored by a British psychiatrist and a clinical pharmacologist. They have written this book as an introduction to the use of psychoactive drugs in psychiatry, and have directed it toward medical students, psychiatrists in training, general practitioners, and others not familiar with this subject. The first portion includes a historical introduction to psychopharmacotherapy, a review of the pharmacology of central nervous system transmission, a discussion of methods of studying behavioral effects of drugs, and a section on the social and psychological aspects of drug taking and drug abuse. The second and larger portion is devoted to the clinical use of psychoactive drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia, affective disorders, anxiety states,
The 1964 Epidemic of Typhoid Fever in Atlanta
Authors: Richard N. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Although the incidence of typhoid fever in the United States is steadily decreasing, urban outbreaks may still occur and present formidable problems in public health and clinical management. The clinical manifestations of typhoid, particularly in children, are protean and misdiagnosis is common. A recent outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in Atlanta. The cases were limited to three households in a single neighborhood. Fourteen children were stricken, with one death and one classical typhoid relapse. The diagnosis was readily confirmed by culture of blood and feces in each case. The presence of a missed case in an adult preparing food in one of the households was thought to have been the principal cause of the outbreak.
Some Remarks on the Radical Cure of Hernia; based on 190 Cases of Operation for the Cure of Oblique Inguinal Hernia
Authors: A. R. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1901)

TI Ban= 263 rhage.In my.case no.attempt was made to eniucleate the cyst.It was simply incised anid drained, and this treatment in a large number of similar cases has proved very successful.In I897 Mr. Alban Doran stated that he had collected sevenity cases treated in this way, and that of this niumber sixty-five had recovered.Many retroperitoneal cysts witlh deep and central connec- tions have been successfully removed, but I do not thiink there are many cases in wlich this operation can be unidertaken without considerable danger to life.In any case, however, where very little enucleationi is required, and a well- definedjpedicle is present, which can be transfixed with a needle, leavinig oinly a small cut surface after tlle separation of the tumour, the operation may be undertaken with a good prospect of success.Sir Spencer Wells recorded a case, diagnosed as an ovarian tumour, which was operated on by Bozeman.Twen-ty pints of fluid were drawni off, the pedicle tied, and the cyst cut away.But there are other cases in which the serious conniectiolns of the tumour prevented the completion of the operatioll.The difficulty of extirpation arises from the deep and almost inaccessible position of the base of the growth, and the importanit nervous and vascular structures with which it is connected.Portions of the pan- creas have sometimes beeni excised with the cyst and the splenic artery ligatured.These operationis are occasionally followed by very troublesome fistulh.
Locating early <i>Homo</i> and <i>Homo erectus</i> tool production along the extractive foraging/cognitive continuum
Authors: Sue Taylor Parker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

This commentary contests Wynn's diagnosis of the cognitive implications of the earliest stone tools and Acheulian tools. I argue that the earliest stone tools imply greater cognitive abilities than those of great apes, and that Acheulian tools imply more than the preoperational cognitive abilities Wynn suggests. Finally, I suggest an alternative adaptive scenario for the evolution of hominid cognitive abilities.
Asthma in Hispanics. An 8-Year Update
Authors: Franziska J. Rosser, Erick Forno, Philip J. Cooper, Juan C. Celedón
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<The Hispanic PopulationPrevalence, Morbidity, an...Potential Risk Factors fo...Diagnosis and Management ...Future DirectionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Detection of a Functional Hybrid Receptor γc/GM-CSFRβ in Human Hematopoietic CD34+ Cells
Authors: J. Giron-Michel, M. Fogli, A. Gaggero, S. Ferrini, A. Caignard, D. Brouty-Boyé, S. Baouz, M.-C. Le Bousse-Kerdilès, B. Péault, M. van Dijk, S. Bulfone-Paus, D. Durali, S. Chouaib, B. Azzarone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

A functional hybrid receptor associating the common γ chain (γc) with the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor β (GM-CSFRβ) chain is found in mobilized human peripheral blood (MPB) CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, SCF/Flt3-L primed cord blood (CB) precursors (CBPr CD34+/CD56−), and CD34+ myeloid cell lines, but not in normal natural killer (NK) cells, the cytolytic NK-L cell line or nonhematopoietic cells. We demonstrated, using CD34+ TF1β cells, which express an interleukin (IL)-15Rα/β/γc receptor, that within the hybrid receptor, the GM-CSFRβ chain inhibits the IL-15–triggered γc/JAK3-specific signaling controlling TF1β cell proliferation. However, the γc chain is part of a functional GM-CSFR, activating GM-CSF–dependent STAT5 nuclear translocation and the proliferation of TF1β cells. The hybrid receptor is functional in normal hematopoietic progenitors in which both subunits control STAT5 activation. Finally, the parental TF1 cell line, which lacks the IL-15Rβ chain, nevertheless expresses both a functional hybrid receptor that controls JAK3 phosphorylation and a novel IL-15α/γc/TRAF2 complex that triggers nuclear factor κB activation. The lineage-dependent distribution and function of these receptors suggest that they are involved in hematopoiesis because they modify transduction pathways that play a major role in the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors.
99mTc-Diphosphonate Uptake in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: BHURJI N. SINGH, THOMAS W. RYERSON, B ADRIAN KESALA, SHARAD P. MEHTA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Extraosseous localization of various calcified and non-calcified lesions has been described extensively in the literature in both benign and neoplastic conditions. A case of renal cell carcinoma showing avid uptake of bone seeking radiopharmaceutical is presented. Calcification, but no ossification was demonstrated in the lesion. This adds another area of extraosseous uptake In addition to others described before.
Risperidone for Treatment-Refractory Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ramy A. Mahmoud, Gahan J. Pandina, Ibrahim Turkoz, Colette Kosik-Gonzalez, Carla M. Canuso, Mary J. Kujawa, Georges M. Gharabawi-Garibaldi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Major depressive disorder has high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Inadequate results with antidepressants have prompts addition of a nonstandard treatment (augmentation therapy). Objective: To assess whether augmentation therapy with risperidone reduces symptoms and increases response to antidepressant therapy and remission of depression in adults. Design: Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted from 19 October 2004 to 17 November 2005. Setting: 75 primary care and psychiatric centers. Patients: 274 outpatient adults with major depressive disorder that was suboptimally responsive to antidepressant therapy. Intervention: After a 4-week run-in period to ensure insufficient response to standard antidepressants, patients were randomly assigned to receive risperidone, 1 mg/d, or placebo for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks, the dosage of risperidone was increased to 2 mg/d in some cases. Measurements: Symptoms were measured by using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17). Other outcomes were response to therapy, remission of depression, and various clinician- and patient-rated assessments. Results: Of the intention-to-treat population (268 patients), 81% (111 of 137) who received risperidone and 87.8% (115 of 131) who received placebo completed 6 weeks of double-blind treatment. Mean (±SE) HRSD-17 scores improved more in the risperidone augmentation group than in the placebo group (13.4 ± 0.54 vs. 16.2 ± 0.53; difference, −2.8 ± 0.72 [95% CI, −4.2 to −1.4]; P <0.001). More risperidone recipients than placebo recipients experienced remission of depression (24.5% [26 of 106] vs. 10.7% [12 of 112]; P = 0.004) and had a response (46.2% [49 of 106] vs. 29.5% [33 of 112]; P = 0.004). Headache (8.8% of risperidone recipients vs. 14.5% of placebo recipients), somnolence (5.1% vs. 1.5%), and dry mouth (5.1% vs. 0.8%) were the most frequently reported adverse events. Limitations: Patients were receiving many different antidepressants, and the duration of augmentation therapy was limited. Conclusion: Risperidone augmentation produced a statistically significant mean reduction in depression symptoms, substantially increased remission and response, and improved other patient- and clinician-rated measures. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00095134.
Reply to A. Kesikli et al
Authors: Adam M. Brufsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

The article by Brufsky et al 1 discusses the efficacy and safety of the application of bevacizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy protocols in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancers, as a secondline treatment in metastatic settings. 1The authors suggest that the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy regimens improved progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rates.In addition, the authors report that bevacizumab could safely be used, despite adverse effects such as the increased risk of hypertension and proteinuria.Although the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy in this study 1 improved PFS, the improvement was more prominent with taxane combinations than with other chemotherapy regimens.Moreover, the results from subgroup analyses suggest that paclitaxel was primarily responsible for the favorable effects seen when it was used in combination with bevacizumab.Indeed, it has been demonstrated previously that paclitaxel inhibit angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. 2 Hence, paclitaxel is known to have both antiangiogenic and cytotoxic activities.Therefore, the combination of paclitaxel with bevacizumab would possibly result in a synergistic effect.Brufsky et al 1 also report that, in subgroup analysis, PFS was significantly improved in the triple-negative patient subgroup compared with patients with hormone receptor-positive but human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer.Triple-negative disease is known to be the more aggressive form and has been shown to involve expeditious proliferation.We believe that patients with triple-negative breast cancers are suitable candidates for antiangiogenic therapy using paclitaxel plus bevacizumab.