tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tolerance of the hypertrophic heart to ischemia. Studies in compensated and failing dog hearts with pressure overload hypertrophy.
Authors: W H Gaasch, M R Zile, P K Hoshino, E O Weinberg, D R Rhodes, C S Apstein
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Tolerance of the canine heart to prolonged ischemic arrest was studied in 10 hearts from normal control dogs and 15 hearts from dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); experiments were performed 1 year after banding the aorta in 8-week-old puppies. At 1 year, hemodynamic studies revealed decreased left ventricular (LV) fiber shortening and elevated end-diastolic pressure (EDP) in five dogs (group with LVH failure); 10 dogs exhibited normal shortening and normal EDP (group with LVH compensation). The left ventricle-to-body weight ratio (g/kg) was 4.4 +/- 0.8 in the control group of dogs, 7.7 +/- 1.0 in the group with LVH compensation, and 10 +/- 2.5 in the group with LVH failure. The tolerance to 60 minutes of global ischemia (37 degrees C) followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion was studied in an isolated blood-perfused heart apparatus (isovolumic left ventricle, coronary perfusion pressure of 100 mm Hg). In the baseline (preischemic) state, coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, lactate extraction, and myocardial high-energy phosphate content were essentially equal in the three groups; with LV volume adjusted to produce a systolic pressure of 100 mm Hg, there were no significant differences in LVEDP among the three groups. During ischemia, the diastolic (asystolic) pressure increased from 11 +/- 3 to 28 +/- 16 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) in the group with LVH failure; however, it did not increase in the control or the LVH compensation groups. Myocardial ATP levels declined equally in all three groups. During early reperfusion, lactate washout was lowest in the group with LVH failure. By 90 minutes of reperfusion, there were no significant differences in coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, lactate extraction, or high-energy phosphate levels. High diastolic pressure persisted at 90 minutes of reperfusion in the LVH failure group (EDP was 34 +/- 19 mm Hg); however, there was no significant change in EDP during reperfusion in the control or with LVH compensation groups. After 90 minutes of reperfusion, developed pressures in the control (54 +/- 9 mm Hg), the LVH compensation (49 +/- 18 mm Hg), and the LVH failure (67 +/- 17 mm Hg) groups were not significantly different. These data indicate that hearts with compensated LVH do not exhibit an impaired tolerance to ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Abstract A3: mTOR signaling and tamoxifen response in postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Josefine Bostner, Elin Karlsson, Muneeswaran Jayachandra Pandiyan, Tommy Fornander, Bo Nordenskjöld
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract mTOR is a central, frequently altered, node for the complex growth signaling in breast cancer. Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-pathway seems to be one of the mechanisms for patients recurring after adjuvant endocrine treatment. Growth factor signals promote phosphorylation of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER), thereby altering the receptor conformation, stability and its response to tamoxifen treatment. Ongoing studies are investigating the possibility to inhibit the mTOR pathway in addition to endocrine treatment or after endocrine treatment failure. In the present retrospective study, a postmenopausal early breast cancer cohort of 812 patients, randomized to tamoxifen or no endocrine treatment, was analyzed according to the protein expression of mTOR phosphorylated on serine 2448. Downstream targets of mTOR are the S6Kinases, S6K1 and S6K2. S6K1 is thought to directly phosphorylate the ER on serine 167. Here, a positive correlation between p-mTOR and p-ERs167 was shown. However, no correlation was detected between p-mTOR and p-ERs305, indicating that the active mTOR signaling specifically targets the ERs167 residue. Activated 4EBP1, another common mTOR target, did not correlate with the p-mTOR protein expression. No prognostic value, independently of cut-off, was seen for p-mTOR expression in this material. Analyses of p-mTOR as a tool for treatment prediction showed that negative, low and medium expression in the tumor did not affect the patients response to tamoxifen, p=0.0001. High and abundant expression decreased the tamoxifen sensitivity to a non-significant degree, p=0.34. An ER-positive/PgR-positive selection further improved the hypothesis of p-mTOR being an indicator of tamoxifen resistance. Where the p-mTOR negative group responded well to treatment (p&amp;lt;0.00001), compared with the p-mTOR positive group, where the treated group did not separate significantly from the controls (p=0.71). In conclusion, the results indicate that risk of recurrence after tamoxifen treatment may increase in patients with high mTOR kinase activity.
THE RELATION OF INFECTIOUS AND HEMAGGLUTINATION TITERS TO THE ADAPTATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS TO MICE
Authors: Cheng-I Wang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

The non-pathogenic (unadapted) line of the Rhodes strain of influenza virus multiplied readily in the mouse lung, but its rate of multiplication was slower and its hemagglutination titer attained at the peak of growth was much lower than that of the adapted line of the same virus. The implication of these findings to mouse adaptability of the virus is discussed.
Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis: How many studies will it take?
Authors: Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Study Objective: To determine the efficacy of a corticosteroid in reducing the short-term mortality of patients with 8evere alcoholic hepatitis. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Setting: Four university teaching hospitals. Patients: We enrolled 66 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and either spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a discriminant function value greater than 32, calculated using the formula: 4.6(prothrombin time -control time) + serum bilirubin [in pmoUL]/17.1. Fifty-nine patients (89%)completed the study. Two patients withdrew from the trial. The other 64 patients were hospitalized for the duration of the trial: however, treatment was discontinued in 5 patients because of potential drug toxicity. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either methylprednisolone (32 mg) or placebo within 7 days of admission. Treatment was given for 28 days. The doses were then tapered over 2 weeks and discontinued. Measurements and Main Results: The endpoint of the study was death. Of the 31 recipients of placebo, 11 (35%)died within 28 days of randomization compared with 2 (6%)of the 36 patients given methylprednisolone ( p = 0.006). The 95% CI for the difference in mortality was 12% to 70%. In the patients with spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy at entry, 9 of 19 recipients of placebo died (47%)compared with 1 (7%)of the 14 patients given methylprednisolone ( p = 0.02). The 95% CI for the difference in mortality was 14% to 66%. The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed the advantage of methylprednisolone over placebo after adjustment for other potentidy important prognostic variables ( p = 0.004). Conclusions: Methylprednisolone therapy decreases short-term mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis manifested either by spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a markedly elevated discriminant function value.
Upregulation of nerve growth factor expression by human airway smooth muscle cells in inflammatory conditions
Authors: V. Freund, F. Pons, V. Joly, E. Mathieu, N. Martinet, N. Frossard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Recent studies have suggested that nerve growth factor (NGF) may play a role in inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Neither the types of cells that produce NGF in the human airways nor the effect of inflammation on NGF expression are clear. The two-fold aim of the present study was to determine whether airway smooth muscle produces NGF in vitro, and, if so, whether the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) affects this expression. Human airway smooth muscle cells in culture were incubated in the presence or absence of IL-1beta. NGF production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NGF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was measured using a specific real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction technique, and expressed in relation to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA levels. Human airway smooth muscle cells in vitro expressed NGF constitutively (21.4+/-7.8 pg x mL(-1); 14.6+/-5.4 pg NGF complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) x pg GAPDH cDNA(-1) (mean+/-SEM)). Stimulation with IL-1beta (0.1-30 U x mL(-1)) for 24 h induced a dose-dependent increase in NGF production (22.1 pg x mL(-1) at 10 U x mL(-1); p<0.05). The IL-1beta (10 U x mL(-1))-induced increase in NGF expression was time-dependent. It was highest for NGF protein at 10 h (1.6-fold increase over control; p<0.001) and for NGF mRNA at 2.5 h (2.4-fold increase over control; p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study clearly shows that the human airway smooth muscle cell is a source of nerve growth factor, the expression of which is upregulated in inflammatory conditions, mimicked in vitro by the addition of interleukin-1beta.
Serum Albumin, Pseudocholinesterase, and Transaminases in the Assessment of Liver Function Before and After Venous Shunt Operations
Authors: A. H. Hunt, H. Lehmann
Journal: Gut (1960)

This paper records biochemical and follow-up observations on 153 patients with cirrhosis who have had a shunt operation. The experience confirms that no shunt operation should be undertaken on a patient whose serum albumin level is less than 3·2g.%. Low pseudocholinesterase levels are of help diagnostically but the main value of this test is in indicating whether or not liver function will deteriorate after a shunt operation in any given patient.
Sal doesn't shake
Authors: Richard Donze
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thoracic ultrasound: an important skill for respiratory physicians
Authors: J A Kastelik, M Alhajji, S Faruqi, R Teoh, A G Arnold
Journal: Thorax (2009)

hay fever 4 and for raised IgE for common allergens at age 11. 5 It would therefore be most informative if the authors could provide additional data on the differences between the neonatal anthropometric data of the children with and without ceasarean section, and on the indications for caesarean sections themselves.This issue is of significant importance and of clinical relevance because, if indeed a causal relationship exists between mode of delivery and development of asthma, this would certainly make an argument against elective caesarean section for non-medical reasons.It would seem that there is currently insufficient evidence to infer a causal relationship, but it certainly seems worthwhile sorting this out.
The Internist's Reading: Purposeful Eclecticism
Authors: Janice L. Willms
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Literature of Medicine15 January 1995The Internist's Reading: Purposeful EclecticismJanice L. Willms, MD, PhDJanice L. Willms, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-2-199501150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail How do we internists, as generally unsystematic readers of works outside of medicine, learn about the existence of a particular piece of literature? Many of my “finds” come as unanticipated spinoffs of a research or teaching task. As I consider my past months' extracurricular reading, I find myself reflecting on the “disconnects” among the memorable favorites. There is little pattern to their genres, nations of origin, subject matter, or years of publication. The pieces are related to one another largely by virtue of having been discovered serendipitously in the course of a work-related project.While putting together a commentary on ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: Janice L. Willms, MD, PhD, Institute of Medicine and Humanities, P.O. Box 4587, Missoula, MT 59801. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoLiterature, Humanities, and the Internist Henry Schneiderman and Rosemaria Memoli Schneiderman Metrics Cited ByHumanistic Qualities in End-of-Life Care: Lessons from The Diving Bell and the Butterfly: A Memoir of Life in Death —Required Reading in an End-of-Life Care Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents 15 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 2Page: 158KeywordsAIDSAmnesiaAssaultBehaviorBioethicsGraduate medical educationLibrariesMedical ethics, humanities, and educationPlagueSuicide Issue Published: 15 January 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Prolyl Hydroxylases 2 and 3 Act in Gliomas as Protective Negative Feedback Regulators of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors
Authors: Anne-Theres Henze, Johanna Riedel, Tanja Diem, Julia Wenner, Ingo Flamme, Jacques Pouyseggur, Karl H. Plate, Till Acker
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Adaptive responses to hypoxia in tumors are transcriptionally regulated by the hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1alpha/HIF-2alpha), which are tightly controlled by the HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHD). Hypoxia induces expression of the PHD2 and PHD3 proteins in tumors but the pathobiological significance of these events is uncertain. Here, we show that PHD2 and PHD3 induction acts within a negative feedback loop to limit the hypoxic HIF response. In glioblastomas, PHD2 and PHD3 are hypoxia-inducible in vitro and expressed in hypoxic areas of tumors in vivo. Comparison with other PHDs revealed distinct cytoplasmatic and nuclear localization patterns of PHD2 and PHD3. Gain and loss of function experiments defined PHD2 and PHD3 as HIF target genes that remained operative even at low oxygen concentrations. We found that increased PHD levels could compensate for reduced oxygen availability to regulate the HIF response. This negative feedback loop protected tumor cells against hypoxia-induced cell death, functionally implicating this pathway in the control of the tumor-suppressive components of the HIF system in glioblastoma. Moreover, PHD inhibition facilitated cell death induction by staurosporine or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, hinting at a more general protective role of PHD in the regulation of cell viability. In summary, our findings recognize the PHD/HIF regulatory axis as a novel therapeutic target to disable a tumor's ability to adjust to hypoxic conditions and control cell survival, helping to potentially overcome therapeutic cell death resistance in glioblastomas.
Length of hospital stay for hip fracture falls by a day, audit shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The length of stay in acute wards for patients admitted to hospital with a hip fracture has fallen by an average of one day—to just over 20 days—over the past year, concludes the latest report from the national hip fracture database for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Channel Islands.1

The 5% reduction in average acute hospital stay (from 21.2 days in 2011 to 20.2 days in 2012) saved around £14m (€17.7m; $22.3) in hospital bed costs, estimate the reports’ authors, from the British Orthopaedic Association and the British Geriatrics Society.

The audit, now in its fourth year, reviewed the care and outcomes of 59 365 patients with hip fracture admitted to 180 hospitals between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2012. …
THE RELATION OF STUTTERING TO AMUSIA
Authors: E. BOSWORTH McCREADY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

I have elsewhere1defined stuttering as  condition in which, through lack of coordination of the nervous mechanism controlling the organs of speech, which may include either excessive or deficient innervation, there is a difficulty in enunciation which may comprise either spasmodic effort without articulate sound, or frequent repetition of the same articulate sound before the utterance of the one following. With it may be associated compensatory spasm of muscles not directly involved in speech. While this definition, an adaptation of those of others, seemed satisfactory to me at the time, I have since come to realize that like those of others, it is simply an enumeration of symptoms. To my mind there has never been a satisfactory explanation of the cause of stuttering. To treat it as a neurosis,  mental tic, is not going far enough. A neurosis it undoubtedly is, after the establishment of the compulsive
What price integrity?
Authors: Fiona Godllee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Whether we know it or not, we are all under some form of influence. The questions taxing contributors to this week's journal are, how well do we manage those influences, and can anyone be truly independent?

First, how worried should we be that medical education relies so much on the drug industry? Very, say Adriane Fugh-Berman and Sharon Batt writing in the American Medical Association Journal of Ethics (which devotes its June issue to looking for ways to reduce drug company influence on doctors, (p 1410). “Only CME activities that are entirely free of pharmaceutical industry funding …
Unhealthy Effects of Atmospheric Temperature and Pressure on the Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Deaths
Authors: Sandrine Danet, Florence Richard, Michèle Montaye, Stephanette Beauchant, Brigitte Lemaire, Catherine Graux, Dominique Cottel, Nadine Marécaux, Philippe Amouyel
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Associations between an increase in coronary heart disease occurrence and low atmospheric temperatures have been reported from mortality data and hospital admission registries. However, concomitant increases in noncardiovascular case fatality rates and selection bias of hospital cases may weaken this observation. In this study, we addressed the question of the relationships between fatal and nonfatal coronary diseases and meteorological variables in 10-year data (1985 to 1994) collected in a morbidity registry (Lille-WHO MONICA Project) monitoring 257 000 men from 25 to 64 years of age. Methods and Results —The impacts of atmospheric temperature (in Celsius) and pressure (in millibars) on daily rates of myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary deaths were studied. Percentages of variation of event rates according to meteorological variations were derived from the relative risks estimated with a Poisson regression model. During the 10-year longitudinal survey, 3616 events occurred. Rates of events decreased linearly with increasing atmospheric temperature. For atmospheric pressure, we detected a V-shaped relationship, with a minimum of daily event rates at 1016 mbar. A 10°C decrease was associated with a 13% increase in event rates ( P &lt;0.0001); a 10-mbar decrease &lt;1016 mbar and a 10-mbar increase &gt;1016 mbar were associated with a 12% increase ( P =0.001) and an 11% increase ( P =0.01) in event rates, respectively. These effects were independent and influenced both coronary morbidity and mortality rates, with stronger effects in older age groups and for recurrent events. Conclusions —This longitudinal study is the first to estimate the attributable effect of meteorological variables on MI morbidity in population and strongly argues for a systematic fight against cold in cardiovascular disease prevention, particularly in older ages and after a first MI.
Case 77-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A seventy-year-old woman was referred to the hospital because of jaundice. Six weeks previously the patient had an upper respiratory infection with malaise and coryza and treated herself with an antibiotic drug of unknown type. Eleven days later aching epigastric pain with radiation to the back developed, accompanied by dark urine and yellow sclerae. Four weeks before entry she was admitted to another hospital, where the physical examination revealed deep icterus. In the left breast there was a hard mass, which the patient stated had been present and unchanged for ten years and had been watched by . . .
Enhanced expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in rat hepatic allografts during acute rejection
Authors: Y Yamaguchi, O Ichiguchi, F Matsumura, E Akizuki, T Matsuda, K Okabe, S Yamada, J Liang, K Mori, M Ogawa
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The kinetics of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in rat hepatic allografts during acute rejection were investigated. Infiltrating cells were identified by double immunostaining with anti-CINC and anti-macrophage monoclonal antibodies, ED1 and ED2. The serum CINC concentration in untreated hepatic allograft recipients increased significantly at a constant rate over time after transplantation. No significant increases in serum CINC concentrations were observed in hepatic isografts or allografts treated with the immunosuppressant FK506. The number of neutrophils in untreated hepatic allografts increased significantly at a constant rate. Conversely, neutrophil accumulation in isografts or allografts treated with FK506 was much less than in untreated hepaticallografts. Immunostaining revealed that in the portal areas, mononuclear cells infiltrating untreated allograft liver were mainly positive for CINC and that CINC+ cells represented a subpopulation (approximately 25%) of the ED1+ cells. On the other hand, in the sinusoidal areas CINC+ cells were scattered and mainly positive for ED2. Levels of CINC mRNA in liver tissues taken from untreated hepatic allografts increased after transplantation, peaked on day 5, and decreased thereafter. Hepatic allografts treated with FK506 or isografts showed much lower levels of CINC mRNA than untreated allografts. Allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions induced CINC production. The cellular source of CINC was mononuclear cells. CINC production in mixed lymphocyte reactions was inhibited in the presence of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antibody. These results suggest that enhanced expression of CINC mRNA and prominent accumulation of neutrophils in the liver grafts are characteristic features of the immune response during acute rejection.