tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decreased Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Nondiabetic Subjects With a Family History of NIDDM
Authors: Satoshi Tsukui, Yukihito Fukumura, Isao Kobayashi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To investigate the effect of a family history of NIDDM on HbAlc and serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG) in nondiabetic subjects.A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed; 258 subjects with normal glucose tolerance and 106 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were selected HbAlc and serum AG were compared between subjects with and without a family history of NIDDM. The relationships between age, BMI, HbAlc, serum AG, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose, and urinary glucose were also examined using principal component analysis with a varimax rotation.In the normal group, only serum AG was lower in subjects with a positive family history than in those with no family history. On the other hand, in the IGT group, subjects with a positive family history were younger and had a higher 2-h plasma glucose, a higher urinary glucose, and a lower serum AG than those with no family history, whereas there was no difference in HbAlc. Principal component analysis identified three factors. The first factor, a linear combination of HbAlc and fasting plasma glucose, was labeled an average glycemic factor. The second factor, which included serum AG, 2-h plasma glucose, and urinary glucose, was labeled an oscillatory glycemic factor. The third factor, which contrasted age against BMI, was labeled an environmental factor.Serum AG is related to glycosuria even among nondiabetic subjects, and its concentrations are decreased in those with a family history of NIDDM. Our results suggest that serum AG rather than HbAlc reflects early metabolic abnormalities in these subjects.
Is Metabolic Syndrome and Central Obesity Relevent to Biology and Progression of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer?
Authors: L. Healy, A. Ryan, P. Carroll, D. Ennis, T. Boyle, M. Kennedy, E. Connolly, J. Reynolds
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction: Obesity isassociated with both an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and increased mortality rates. The mechanism is unclear, and central (visceral) obesity, insulin resistance, altered sex steroids, and altered adipokines, are mooted as possible factors. These features may cluster in the so-called Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), and the focus of this study was to systematically relate MetS to standard clinicopathological indices of breast cancer.Methods: Postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed breast cancer (n=105) were prospectively recruited. A detailed clinical and dietary history was performed, as well as body composition analysis, metabolic screen, and plasma measurement of adipokines and inflammatory markers. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition.Results: One hundred and five patients were recruited, the median age was 68 years (40-94) and the mean BMI was 28.3 ± 5.2 kg/m2, with 87% of patients centrally obese. MetS was diagnosed in 39% of patients, and was significantly (p&amp;lt;0.005) associated with 13cm greater waist circumference, higher total and trunk fat mass and increased inflammation with CRP levels almost double for MetS patietns compared to non MetS (10.3 ± 2.7 V's 5.8 ± 1.0 mg/L; p=0.084).Patients with later pathological stage (II- IV) were significantly more likely to be obese (BMI) (45% Vs 16%; p=0.007), centrally obese (waist circumference) (94% Vs 72%; p=0.009), hyperglycaemic (31% Vs 12%; p=0.047), hyperinsulinaemia (19% Vs 0; p=0.026) and 51% had MetS compared to 12% for early stage disease (Path stage 0-I). Patients with node positive disease were significantly more likely to be hyperinsulaemic (22% V's 5%; p=0.030) and have MetS (50% V's 30%; p=0.028) than node negative disease.MetS was not associated with hormone receptor status or serum levels of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, or SHBG levels. However, SHBG levels decreased with obesity (p=0.002) and as the number of features of MetS increased (0 features: 87 ± 15.8 compared to 5 features: 32 ±2.7; p=0.003). Insulin levels increased with obesity (p=0.006), and with increasing number of features of MetS.Discussion: MetS and central obesity are common in Irish postmenopausal breast cancer patients. MetS appears to be associated with aggressive tumour biology, and this may have significance in preventive and novel treatment approaches. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1051.
Differing Mental Disorders in the Cushing Syndromes
Authors: DAVID A. GORELICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 September 1979Differing Mental Disorders in the Cushing SyndromesDAVID A. GORELICK, M.D., PH.D., NAOMI FELDMAN, M.D.DAVID A. GORELICK, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, NAOMI FELDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-3-500_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his recent excellent review of the Cushing syndromes in the May 1979 issue Gold (1) corrected the "mistaken generalization" that the clinical features of exogenous Cushing syndrome, produced by administration of glucocorticoids, resemble those of the endogenous syndrome. In support of this point, he mentions that only two of 10 common clinical features occur with equal frequency in both syndromes, these being obesity and mental disorders. However, Gold does not mention that, despite the similarity in frequency, there is great dissimilarity in the characteristics of mental disorders produced by the exogenous and endogenous Cushing syndromes. The...References1. GOLD E. The Cushing syndromes: changing views of diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1979; 90:829-44. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MICHAELGIBBONS RJ. Interrelationships between the endocrine system and neuropsychiatry. Int Rev Neurobiol. 1963; 5:243-302. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RELKIN R. Effect of endocrines on central nervous system: Part 1. NY State J Med. 1969;69:2133-45. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. SMITHBARISHCORREAWILLIAMS CJJR. Psychiatric disturbance in endocrinologic disease. Psychosom Med. 1972; 34:69-86. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID A. GORELICK, M.D., PH.D.; NAOMI FELDMAN, M.D.Affiliations: UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA 90024 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1979Volume 91, Issue 3Page: 500-500KeywordsObesity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Activation of human lung mast cells by monomeric immunoglobulin E
Authors: S. Hart, I. Dransfield
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

To the Editors: 

Immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations contain variable proportions of Ig aggregates 1, which behave like true immune complexes and are able to activate inflammatory cells by crosslinking Fc receptors 2. The validity of the study by Cruse et al. 3, which appeared in a previous issue of the European Respiratory …
A Theory of the Pathogenesis of Emphysema.
Authors: John A. Pierce
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969A Theory of the Pathogenesis of Emphysema.John A. Pierce, M.D., F.A.C.P.John A. Pierce, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1099_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe structure of the lungs is maintained by a connective tissue framework of very considerable tensile strength. Metabolic activity in this extracellular fibrous protein network is very slow when compared with that in other tissues. Pulmonary emphysema is a deformity of this network with enlargement of peripheral air spaces. This deformity occurs with increasing frequency as age advances in all people but is present at an early age and in a severe form in many persons with a genetic deficiency of the serum globulin, alphat antitrypsin. Previous studies demonstrated that the lungs of patients with severe emphysema contain normal total... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John A. Pierce, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: St. Louis, Missouri PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1099-1099KeywordsConnective tissueEmphysemaGeneticsGlobulinsLungsPathogenesisProteins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Production of Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Rabbits by a Diet Rich in Shellfish.
Authors: William E. Connor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Production of Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Rabbits by a Diet Rich in Shellfish.William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P., Jay J. Rohwedder, M.D., John C. Hoak, M.D. (Associate)William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Jay J. Rohwedder, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John C. Hoak, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-321_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBecause the fat content of sea food is largely polyunsaturated, fish and shellfish are commonly recommended in diets designed to reduce serum cholesterol levels and to treat atherosclerosis in man. Eighteen recently published articles and books, without exception, stress the preferential use of fish and shellfish in diets for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Yet the effect on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis from feeding the flesh of sea food to humans or animals is not known.Rabbits were fed pellets containing a mixture of shrimp and Purina chow for 24 weeks and then autopsied. The serum lipids were determined... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William E. Connor, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Jay J. Rohwedder, M.D.; John C. Hoak, M.D. (Associate)Affiliations: Iowa City, Iowa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 321-322KeywordsAtherosclerosisCholesterolCoronary heart diseaseDietFatsFoodLipid metabolismLipidsRabbits ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1536: A novel immunocytokine generates a CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor response in vivo
Authors: Jonathan K. Fallon, Robert Tighe, Wolfgang Strittmatter, Helen Sabzevari, Jeffrey Schlom, John W. Greiner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent TH1 cytokine produced by dendritic cells and macrophages to activate NK cells and T cells. Data from preclinical studies in mice indicate that this cytokine may be useful for the treatment of cancer. However, cases of severe toxicity in human trials have impeded its successful clinical development. Targeting delivery of IL-12 to a tumor while reducing systemic IL-12 exposure could make this a safer, more effective cancer therapeutic agent. One strategy is to conjugate IL-12 to a tumor-binding antibody, as antibody conjugates have previously been used to deliver radioisotopes, other cytokines, and small molecule therapeutics to tumors in vivo. NHS-IL12 is a novel immunocytokine consisting of two molecules of the IL-12 heterodimer covalently fused to a fully humanized antibody (NHS76). This antibody targets necrotic portions of tumors because of its high affinity for single- and double-stranded DNA, which are often exposed as tumors outgrow their blood supply. NHS-IL12 may therefore be useful against a wide range of solid tumors, and mouse models can be used to study its mechanisms of action. Initial imaging studies clearly showed superior in vivo localization of IL-12 to mouse tumors following subcutaneous NHS-IL12 injection as compared to administration of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) or IL-12 fused to a control antibody (BC1). In the MC38/CEA+ colorectal carcinoma model in CEA.Tg mice, treatment with NHS-IL12 significantly delayed subcutaneous tumor growth more effectively than treatment with rIL-12. NHS-IL12 did not inhibit MC38/CEA+ tumor cell growth in vitro, suggesting that NHS-IL12 acts indirectly on tumors in vivo most probably via an immune-mediated mechanism. Subsequent findings revealed that tumor-bearing mice treated with NHS-IL12 developed a strong CD8+ T cell response directed against the endogenous p15E tumor antigen. In one study, a subset of mice bearing MC38/CEA+ tumors had complete tumor regression following NHS-IL12 treatment. Each of these mice still had a strong p15E-specific CTL response more than two months after tumor rejection, indicating that p15E may be the major tumor rejection antigen for this in vivo tumor model. Subsequent in vivo depletion studies are planned to investigate which immune cell subsets contribute to the anti-tumor efficacy of this agent. Taken together, these data show that targeted delivery of IL-12 to tumors can overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and prime a robust CD8+ T cell response. These findings suggest that NHS-IL12 may be a promising cancer therapeutic as a single agent and/or as a potent vaccine adjuvant. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1536. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1536
Ultrasound-detected abdominal lymphadenopathy in chronic hepatitis C: high frequency and relationship with viremia
Authors: Fabio Cassani, Paolo Valentini, Michela Cataleta, Paolo Manotti, Raffaella Francesconi, Fabrizio Giostra, Giorgio Ballardini, Marco Lenzi, Daniela Zauli, Francesco B. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Identification of a novel simian parvovirus in cynomolgus monkeys with severe anemia. A paradigm of human B19 parvovirus infection.
Authors: M G O'Sullivan, D C Anderson, J D Fikes, F T Bain, C S Carlson, S W Green, N S Young, K E Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Although human B19 parvovirus infection has been clearly associated with a number of distinct syndromes (including severe anemia, abortion, and arthritis), detailed knowledge of its pathogenesis has been hindered by the lack of a suitable animal model. We have identified a novel simian parvovirus in cynomolgus monkeys with severe anemia. Sequencing of a 723-bp fragment of cloned viral DNA extracted from serum revealed that the simian parvovirus has 65% homology at the DNA level with the human B19 parvovirus but little homology with other known parvoviruses. Light microscopic examination of bone marrow from infected animals showed intranuclear inclusion bodies, and ultrastructural studies showed viral arrays characteristic of parvoviruses. Another striking feature was the presence of marked dyserythropoiesis in cells of the erythroid lineage, raising the possibility that B19 parvovirus infection may underlie related dyserythropoietic syndromes in human beings. Affected animals had concurrent infection with the immunosuppressive type D simian retrovirus, analogous to HIV patients who develop severe anemia because of infection with B19 parvovirus. The remarkable similarities between the simian and B19 parvoviruses suggest that experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys may serve as a useful animal model of human B19 infection.
Noise and Hearing
Authors: G. Kelemen
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Changes in hearing acuity in relation to long-term exposure to industrial noise were studied in Federal penitentiaries. The workers were employed in textile mills, wood products and sheet metal products manufacturing, brush, shoe, and clothing factories, and printing. Over-all noise levels ranged from approximately 75 to 100 decibels. It was found that if a steady type of noise exposure is severe enough to produce eventually a marked adverse effect on hearing in the speech range, a definite elevation or deterioration of the hearing level in the test frequencies of 3,000, 4,000, and 6,000 cps will usually appear within a few months after exposure begins. With increased duration of exposure, less of such elevation of hearing level will disappear after noise exposure is discontinued. This scholarly monograph supports recommendations on the desirability of instituting measures for hearing conservation when the work environment includes regular prolonged exposure to steadystate, continuous-spectrum noise reaching
Hyperthyroidism and the Single Lobe
Authors: H DANIEL FAWCETT, MARY Z. WINSETT, WILLIAM M. YUDT, BETTYE A. SAYLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A practical approach to the hyperthyroid patient with a single lobe visualized on thyroid scintigraphy, and its impact on therapy is discussed. An illustrative case is also presented.
Thyroid Incidentalomas: Management Approaches to Nonpalpable Nodules Discovered Incidentally on Thyroid Imaging
Authors: Gerry H. Tan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: The introduction of highly sensitive imaging techniques has made it possible to detect many nonpalpable nodules, or “incidentalomas,” in the thyroid. Discovery of these lesions raises concerns about their malignancy, but the optimal strategy for managing these lesions has not been clearly established. Purpose: To review evidence about incidentalomas, including prevalence and risk for malignancy, and to provide recommendations for their evaluation and treatment. Data Sources: Literature searches for relevant articles published in the past 15 years in major English-language medical journals, review of selected articles published before this period, and reviews of bibliographies in textbooks. Study Selection: Three studies on autopsy findings, 11 studies on ultrasonographic findings, and other reports on nonpalpable thyroid nodules were included. Data Extraction: Data on the prevalence of nodules on autopsy and in ultrasonographic series, palpation compared with ultrasonography, the risk for malignancy in nodules found in irradiated glands, the natural history of thyroid nodules, and the prevalence of occult cancer were collated and reviewed. Data Synthesis: Prevalence of thyroid incidentalomas estimated from autopsy studies ranges from 30% to 60%. Studies comparing clinical palpation with thyroid imaging show a prevalence of 13% to 50%. Prospective studies of randomly selected patients have reported a prevalence of 19% to 67%. The risk for malignancy in asymptomatic nodules found in nonirradiated glands is 0.45% to 13% (mean ±SD, 3.9% ± 4.1%). Conclusions: High-resolution ultrasonography is sensitive and capable of detecting many small, nonpalpable thyroid nodules. Most of these lesions are benign. For most patients with nonpalpable nodules that are incidentally detected by thyroid imaging, simple follow-up neck palpation is sufficient.
Gene Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Prem Seth
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atrial fibrillation in the elderly.
Authors: A Martin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

antagonists in its ability to reverse the effects of pentazocine (Fortral)."Finally, I would point out that the data sheet for Fortral which is contained in the readily available ABPI Data Sheet Conmpenzdiulml 1977 refers to respiratory depression both following normal dosage and following over- dosage.The text referring to overdosage goes on to describe the appropriate treatment of such respiratory depression.This information would be supplied to any doctor who responds to the statement in the advertisement that "full prescribing information is available from Winthrop Laboratories."
Profound and Sustained Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Fradafiban, a Nonpeptide Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonist, and Its Orally Active Prodrug, Lefradafiban, in Men
Authors: Thomas H. Müller, Hans Weisenberger, Rolf Brickl, Hans Narjes, Frank Himmelsbach, Jürgen Krause
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Clinical trials have demonstrated that platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists effectively prevent acute thrombotic events. Orally active GP IIb/IIIa antagonists are essential to evaluate the clinical benefit of long-term treatment. We therefore investigated platelet inhibition by the GP IIb/IIIa antagonist Fradafiban (BIBU 52; Fradafiban is the recommended INN of BIBU 52) and its orally administered prodrug, Lefradafiban (BIBU 104; Lefradafiban is the recommended INN of BIBU 104) in healthy subjects.The activity and plasma levels of Fradafiban and Lefradafiban were evaluated in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in 130 healthy male subjects. One to 15 mg Fradafiban continuously infused over 30 minutes reversibly inhibited platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma ex vivo in response to 20 micromol/L ADP (5 mg, 100% inhibition at 27 minutes after administration) and to both 1.0 (5 mg, 100%) and 10 microg/mL (15 mg, 97+/-3%) collagen. Single oral doses of Lefradafiban inhibited ADP-induced aggregation by 59+/-14% (50 mg [mean+/-SD]; n=8), 90+/-12% (100 mg), and 99+/-2% (150 mg) 8 hours after administration. Correlations between activity and Fradafiban plasma levels were identical after Fradafiban and Lefradafiban treatment. After day 1, oral TID Lefradafiban treatment for 7 days inhibited aggregation by > or = 31+/-9.6% (25 mg TID; n=8), 53+/-12% (50 mg; n=7), and 88+/-6.6% (75 mg; n=8) just before the next dose. A similar correlation between the activity and Fradafiban plasma levels was observed at days 1, 2, and 7.Oral administration of Lefradafiban maintains the potent platelet GP IIb/IIIa antagonism of Fradafiban during treatment of healthy subjects for 1 week without signs of loss of the antiplatelet activity.
Biphasic expression of CD4 in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cells: AML of monocyte origin and hematopoietic precursor cell origin
Authors: H Miwa, M Mizutani, N Mahmud, M Yamaguchi, T Takahashi, M Shikami, H Shiku, I Tanaka, K Nakase, K Nasu, H Dohy, T Ueda, N Kamada, K Kita
Journal: Leukemia (1998)