tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TRAUMATISM AND TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: T. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1915)

T is of the 'whole life annd not merely of some portion of it: aly.tlhing, therefore, wlhiclh tends to unfit the missionary for service is a real, altlhough an iunintentional, disloyalty, and the acceptance by mnissionaries on furlough of any work or responsibility that interferes with their recuperation is to *be deprecated.In this connexion it is necessarY for the
Cholesterol, Children, and Heart Disease: An Analysis of Alternatives
Authors: Thomas R. Dawber
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The authors set out to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening children for high blood cholesterol levels and making the desired dietary changes as a means of preventing atherosclerotic disease. The benefit of dietary change is considered still uncertain, as is the ability to select persons at high risk in early life, when the changes would be most useful. In effect, this book is an introduction to the analytic approach to determining the cost-effectiveness of programs aimed at preventing disease. The authors point out the limited benefit of new expensive technologies in increasing life expectancy and accept the thesis that preventive practices that appear reasonable offer more hope of this than do sophisticated therapeutic efforts. A reasonably complete general review of our knowledge of the relationship of blood cholesterol level and dietary intake to development of coronary heart disease is presented. There is general acceptance of our ability to determine relative
THREE ESSENTIAL POINTS IN THE OPERATION FOR CICATRICIAL ECTROPIUM.
Authors: F. C. HOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Some one once said that blepharoplastic operations look very pretty—on paper—but in reality the results are anything but pleasing and satisfactory. The operations for cicatricial ectropium are not excepted from this criticism. The restored lids often look hideous, and still oftener are again everted after a few weeks or months. But we can overcome these drawbacks if we pay strict attention to the following points: 1. The proper division and fixation of the skin flaps. 2. The selection of the most suitable material for covering the lids. 3. The shortening of the overstretched lid border. <h3>THE PROPER DIVISION AND FIXATION OF THE SKIN FLAPS.</h3> The greatest difficulty we have to contend with in the operations for cicatricial ectropium is the tendency of the shrinking skin flaps to evert the lids again. As all transplanted flaps will undergo more or less shrinkage and as
Overcoming therapeutic MAb resistance in agressive HER2 positive breast carcinomas by adoptive immunotherapy using optizimed effectors cells
Authors: Sandrine Valsesia-Wittmann, Beatrice Clemenceau, Anne-Catherine Jallas, Jean-Yves Blay, Aurelien Marabelle, Christophe Caux, Henri Vie
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Herceptin (Trastuzumab), a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2 has been demonstrated to improve survival of HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. However, half of patients who initially respond to Herceptin develop resistance within one year of treatment initiation, and in
AHA/ACC guidelines for preventing heart attack and death in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: 2001 update
Authors: Sidney C Smith, Steven N Blair, Robert O Bonow, Lawrence M Brass, Manuel D Cerqueira, Kathleen Dracup, Valentin Fuster, Antonio Gotto, Scott M Grundy, Nancy Houston Miller, Alice Jacobs, Daniel Jones, Ronald M Krauss, Lori Mosca, Ira Ockene, Richard C Pasternak, Thomas Pearson, Marc A Pfeffer, Rodman D Starke, Kathryn A Taubert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Pesticides and Parkinson’s Disease—Is There a Link?
Authors: Terry P. Brown, Paul C. Rumsby, Alexander C. Capleton, Lesley Rushton, Leonard S. Levy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease of the nervous system characterized by progressive tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. It has been postulated that exogenous toxicants, including pesticides, might be involved in the etiology of PD. In this article we present a comprehensive review of the published epidemiologic and toxicologic literature and critically evaluate whether a relationship exists between pesticide exposure and PD. From the epidemiologic literature, there does appear to be a relatively consistent relationship between pesticide exposure and PD. This relationship appears strongest for exposure to herbicides and insecticides, and after long durations of exposure. Toxicologic data suggest that paraquat and rotenone may have neurotoxic actions that potentially play a role in the development of PD, with limited data for other pesticides. However, both the epidemiology and toxicology studies were limited by methodologic weaknesses. Particular issues of current and future interest include multiple exposures (both pesticides and other exogenous toxicants), developmental exposures, and gene–environment interactions. At present, the weight of evidence is sufficient to conclude that a generic association between pesticide exposure and PD exists but is insufficient for concluding that this is a causal relationship or that such a relationship exists for any particular pesticide compound or combined pesticide and other exogenous toxicant exposure.
The views of patients and carers in treatment decision making for chronic kidney disease: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: R L Morton, A Tong, K Howard, P Snelling, A C Webster
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To synthesise the views of patients and carers in decision making regarding treatment for chronic kidney disease, and to determine which factors influence those decisions. <b>Design</b> Systematic review of qualitative studies of decision making and choice for dialysis, transplantation, or palliative care, and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, social work abstracts, and digital theses (database inception to week 3 October 2008) to identify literature using qualitative methods (focus groups, interviews, or case studies). <b>Review methods</b> Thematic synthesis involved line by line coding of the findings of the primary studies and development of descriptive and analytical themes. <b>Results</b> 18 studies that reported the experiences of 375 patients and 87 carers were included. 14 studies focused on preferences for dialysis modality, three on transplantation, and one on palliative management. Four major themes were identified as being central to treatment choices: confronting mortality (choosing life or death, being a burden, living in limbo), lack of choice (medical decision, lack of information, constraints on resources), gaining knowledge of options (peer influence, timing of information), and weighing alternatives (maintaining lifestyle, family influences, maintaining the status quo). <b>Conclusions</b> The experiences of other patients greatly influenced the decision making of patients and carers. The problematic timing of information about treatment options and synchronous creation of vascular access seemed to predetermine haemodialysis and inhibit choice of other treatments, including palliative care. A preference to maintain the status quo may explain why patients often remain on their initial therapy.
Inhibition of experimental asthma by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
Authors: Tomoko Hayashi, Lucinda Beck, Cyprian Rossetto, Xing Gong, Osamu Takikawa, Kenji Takabayashi, David H. Broide, Dennis A. Carson, Eyal Raz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Epidemiological evidence points to the inverse relationship between microbial exposure and the prevalence of allergic asthma and autoimmune diseases in Westernized countries. The molecular basis for this observation has not yet been completely delineated. Here we report that the administration of certain toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, via the activation of innate immunity, induces high levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism in various organs. TLR9 ligand–induced pulmonary IDO activity inhibits Th2-driven experimental asthma. IDO activity expressed by resident lung cells rather than by pulmonary DCs suppressed lung inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Our results provide a mechanistic insight into the various formulations of the hygiene hypothesis and underscore the notion that activation of innate immunity can inhibit adaptive Th cell responses.
Abstract 5552: Macrophages increase brain metastasis in a chick embryo model
Authors: Rhiana Menen, Katarina Kolostova, Vladimir Bobek, Mohamed K. Hassanein, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Macrophages are known to promote tumor growth by various mechanisms. In the present study, we determined if macrophages could promote metastasis in the chick embryo models. The chorioallentoic membrane (CAM) of six chicken embryos was inoculated with 106 PC-3 human prostate cancer cells stably expressing GFP. Twelve hours later, 106 macrophages isolated from the peritoneal washings of three nude mice were added to the CAMs of three embryos. Embryo brains were removed on day 8 post-inoculation, and processed for cryosectioning. Imaging was performed using the IV-100 scanning laser microscope (Olympus Corp, Tokyo, Japan). Images were processed using Image J software in order to calculate the number, size, and total area of brain metastases in the control and macrophage groups. The macrophage group resulted in an average of 43.3 brain metastases compared to 5.5 in the control group (p=0.000001). There was also a significantly greater total metastatic area in the macrophage group of 504.8 mm2 compared to 100.5 mm2 in the control group (p= 0.000001). However, the control group showed a significantly larger size of individual metastases of 28.9 mm2 compared to 19.3 mm2 in the macrophage group (p= 0.0007). Macrophages, therefore, promote brain metastasis in the chick embryo model of human prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5552. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5552
Iron reduction before and during interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis C: Results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Robert J. Fontana, Jonathan Israel, Paula LeClair, Barbara F. Banner, Kristina Tortorelli, Norman Grace, Robert A. Levine, Gale Fiarman, Michael Thiim, Anthony S. Tavill, Herbert L. Bonkovsky
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Patients with chronic hepatitis C and low serum and hepatic iron stores may have an improved response to interferon (IFN). We tested whether iron reduction before and during IFN therapy would lead to an improved sustained biochemical and virological response compared with IFN alone. Eighty-two previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomized to either: group A IFN-α2b 3 MU 3 times per week for 6 months, or group B iron reduction before and during IFN-α2b 3 MU 3 times per week for 6 months. Group B patients had lower mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels than group A patients during treatment and follow-up. Group B patients had significantly lower mean hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels at treatment weeks 4 and 12 ( P &lt; .05). Serum HCV RNA was undetectable at the end of treatment in 15 group B patients compared with 7 group A patients ( P = .03); 7 group B patients and 3 group A patients had persistently undetectable serum HCV RNA 24 weeks after the end of therapy ( P = .20). Paired pre- and posttreatment liver biopsies in 18 group B patients demonstrated significant improvements in 2 of the 3 inflammation scores of the Knodell histological activity index ( P &lt; .05). No changes occurred in the paired biopsies from 15 group A patients. We conclude that iron reduction via therapeutic phlebotomy improves the end-of-treatment virological and histological response to short-term IFN therapy. Additional studies are needed to determine if iron reduction in combination with higher doses or longer duration of IFN may be of benefit.
Novel Clinically Relevant Genes in GIST—Response
Authors: Peter Birner, Berthold Streubel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

We thank Pantaleo and colleagues for their comments. They emphasize the divergent biologic nature of wild versus mutant KIT/PDGFRA GIST and believe that this key point should be addressed in more detail. We totally agree that the mutational status is important. For this reason, we used a well-defined cohort with KIT/PDGFRA mutational data available in all cases [as stated in the article (1)], which are also presented in Table 1 in our article. Our cohort has been published in several previous studies and the references are provided in the article.In this publication, we aimed to identify candidate genes in well-known recurrent regions of copy number variations in addition to KIT and PDGFRA. The chromosomal positions of recurrent copy number regions of our study are in accordance with other publications. As stated in the article, we correlated copy number variations with clinic-pathologic data including KIT/PDGFRA mutation status. Here, we found only a correlation of 22q deletion with the presence of KIT mutations. In a next step, we looked for potential candidates within the regions of copy number variations. We evaluated the significance of candidate genes in our cohort and again correlated the findings with clinic-pathologic data including KIT/PDGFRA mutation status. So, we used statistical analysis using χ2 tests to correlate our findings with KIT/PDGFRA mutation status, and mutation status was also included into Cox regression models.In conclusion, KIT/PDGFRA mutation data are available in all cases. We provided the data in a collective manner using the Kaplan–Meier curves, etc., and did not present the mutational status of patients evaluated in each test (as requested by Panataleo) as we believe that this approach would result in an overwhelming and confusing amount of single data. Nevertheless, protein expression of none of the genes investigated correlated with KIT/PDGFRA mutation status except immunohistochemistry for Kit, as stated in the article. So KIT and PDGFRA mutation status seem not to be of striking relevance for expression or possible GIST subgrouping in context with these genes.See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 2014No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
The Radioactive Wig in lodine-131 Whole Body Imaging
Authors: HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, KRISHNA HALKER, MOHAMMAD EL SAYED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A significant amount of I-131 contamination was found in the hair of a Bedouin lady scanned seven days after the administration of an ablative dose of 50 mCi of I-131. This observation should be taken in consideration to avoid false interpretation. It also raises the problem of potentially contaminating other persons coming in contact with I-131 patients after discharge as result of accidental contact or neglecting precautionary measures.
The Tolbutamide Controversy: A Personal Perspective
Authors: THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Perspective1 August 1971The Tolbutamide Controversy: A Personal PerspectiveTHEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-303 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is only with some difficulty that even the older clinician can recall the days before the advent of tolbutamide for the treatment of maturity-onset diabetes. This is because tolbutamide, other sulfonylureas, and the biguanides have entrenched themselves as highly satisfactory therapeutic agents. Until 13 years ago the treatment of the adult-onset, obese diabetic often evolved into a battle between a concerned physician, who sternly offered the alternatives of prodigious weight loss and daily insulin injections, and a reluctant patient whose mood ranged from anxiety and hostility through desperation and despair. Despite early cautionary voices, the oral hypoglycemic agents were...References1. : A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. Diabetes 19(suppl 2):747-830, 1970 Google Scholar2. Medical Tribune and Medical News, Vol. 5, No. 3, 22 February 1971 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois▸From the Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe trials and tribulations of the University Group Diabetes Program 2: lessons and reflectionsFact versus Conjecture: Exploring Levels of Evidence in the Context of Patient Safety and Care QualityControl materials and light coolant cross-section dataMortality from Coronary Heart Disease During Phenformin TherapyMANUEL TZAGOURNIS, M.D., RICHARD REYNERTSON, M.D. 1 August 1971Volume 75, Issue 2Page: 303-306KeywordsAnxietyEndocrinologyHypoglycemicsInsulinOverweightType 2 diabetesWeight loss Issue Published: 1 August 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Juniors call for renegotiation of flexible training Health secretary meets royal colleges over bed shortages Government will not climb down over nurses' pay Former Eastern Europe requests help BMA urges research in primary care Postgraduate deans should not be civil servants NHS Executive offers guidance on local pay for purchasers Pay must be linked to work intensity Correction
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# Juniors call for renegotiation of flexible training {#article-title-2}

Representatives of junior hospital doctors have called for an urgent renegotiation of the framework for flexible training in the wake of the proposals for a unified training grade. As a result of a recommendation in the Calman report, Hospital Doctors: Training for the Future, the NHS Executive published proposals last year for a new grade—the specialist registrar—to replace the present career and senior registrar grades (21 January, p 149).

Proposing the motion, which was carried by 19 votes to 16, Dr Mark Porter, a registrar in anaesthetics in Coventry, told the Junior Doctors Committee last month that his motion was not limited to the new grade nor was there a time scale but there had been little reference to flexible training in the report of the working party on the unified training grade: “The specialist registrar grade should be flexible enough to accommodate those wishing to undertake training on a part time basis. The entry criteria and selection processes for all trainees should be the same, irrespective of the training patterns adopted during the training programme. Similarly, the standards for achieving the certificate for completion of specialist training should be the same for both full and part time trainees.”

There was provision for only 5% of doctors to undertake flexible training, Dr Porter said, despite about 40% indicating that they would like it. Flexible training did not have to be double full time training but it had to be high quality, accessible, and attract appropriate remuneration.

Although half the entrants to medical school are now women and many men would like to train part time, the chairman of the negotiating subcommittee, Dr Paul Miller, a psychiatric senior registrar in Liverpool, and other speakers urged the committee to vote against and wait until the broader issues of the grade had been …
Patient defined dichotomous end points for remission and clinical improvement in ulcerative colitis
Authors: P D R Higgins
Journal: Gut (2005)

Ulcerative colitis disease activity indices offer good statistical power but small changes in these indices may not be clinically important. There are no validated definitions of remission or of significant improvement for these indices. The use of clinically important end points would strengthen the validity of study outcomes. Our aims were to identify objective end points in standard disease activity indices for remission and for improvement in ulcerative colitis.Sixty six consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis provided information about remission status and their disease activity. At a return visit 1-14 months later, these patients provided information about the change in their disease activity, and non-invasive indices were measured.Specific objective end points for determining remission with four standard indices and a quality of life instrument were determined (St Mark's <3.5, ulcerative colitis disease activity index <2.5, simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) <2.5, Seo <120, and inflammatory bowel disease quality of life index (IBDQ) >205). These cut offs also identified patients who met a regulatory definition of remission. Specific objective end points for clinical improvement in two non-invasive indices and a quality of life instrument were determined with good sensitivity and specificity (SCCAI decrease >1.5, Seo decrease >30, IBDQ increase >20).We found specific cut off values for disease activity indices that identify patients who have significantly improved or achieved remission in an objective, sensitive, and specific manner. These cut offs should help in the interpretation of the outcomes of clinical trials in ulcerative colitis.
In vitro anticolon antibody production by mucosal or peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with ulcerative colitis.
Authors: T Hibi, M Ohara, K Toda, A Hara, H Ogata, Y Iwao, N Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Hamada, K Kobayashi
Journal: Gut (1990)

Serum anticolon antibody and in vitro anti-colon antibody production by peripheral blood and mucosal lymphocytes was investigated in patients with ulcerative colitis. The frequency of serum anticolon antibody was 71% in 41 patients with ulcerative colitis, estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using isolated rat colon epithelial cells. This finding confirms our previous report on the frequency of serum anticolon antibody detected by flow cytometry analysis. The estimated frequencies of IgG anticolon antibody secreting cells were 1.5-12.5/10(6) cells in the colonic mucosa and 0.1-0.5/10(6) cells in peripheral blood, from patients with ulcerative colitis when Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was used as a B cell polyclonal activator. Poisson analysis of limiting dilution culture showed that about one per 140 IgG cells in the colonic mucosa synthesised anticolon antibody. Two monoclonal IgG antibodies were obtained from EBV transformed anticolon antibody secreting cells by limiting dilution method. One reacted with goblet cells in the intestine, and the other reacted mainly with colonic epithelial cells. These results suggest that heterogeneous anticolon antibodies are present in patients with ulcerative colitis and that colonic mucosa may be the main source of anticolon antibody. Local autoimmune reaction might have an important role in causing the inflammation of colonic mucosa in this disease.