tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Coronary Artery Spasm by the Rho-Kinase Inhibitor Fasudil in Patients With Vasospastic Angina
Authors: Akihiro Masumoto, Masahiro Mohri, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Lemmy Urakami, Makoto Usui, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Increased activity of Rho-kinase causes hypercontraction of vascular smooth muscle and has been implicated as playing a pathogenetic role in divergent cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery spasm. We examined whether an intracoronary infusion of fasudil, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, would attenuate coronary vasoconstrictor responses to acetylcholine (ACh) in patients with vasospastic angina. Methods and Results — We studied 20 consecutive patients in whom coronary artery spasm was provoked by intracoronary ACh. The patients underwent a second ACh challenge after pretreatment with intracoronary saline (n=5) or fasudil (n=15; 300 μg/min for 15 minutes). Angina and coronary vasospasm were reproducibly induced by the second testing in patients who received saline. In contrast, fasudil markedly attenuated the coronary constriction induced by ACh ( P &lt;0.001) and prevented the occurrence of chest pain and ischemic ECG changes in all treated patients (both P &lt;0.01 versus saline). Fasudil, at the dose used in this study, did not significantly change systemic hemodynamics or baseline coronary blood flow. Conclusions — Fasudil was effective in preventing ACh-induced coronary artery spasm and resultant myocardial ischemia in patients with vasospastic angina. We suggest that this Rho-kinase inhibitor may be a novel therapeutic intervention to treat ischemic coronary syndromes caused by coronary artery spasm.
CANCER CELLS IN THE BLOOD STREAM
Authors: Jerome F. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the May 9, 1960, issue ofThe Journalthere appeared an editorial titled "Cancer Cells in the Blood Stream," which pointed out a significant and often overlooked aspect of the management of the patient with cancer. Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in this subject, and an additional observation along the same line seems pertinent. In 1948, Otto Saphir observed that tumor cell emboli could often be demonstrated in the pulmonary vessels of patients dying of carcinoma primary at other sites. He noted that clumps of tumor cells, associated with a fibrin thrombus, could be found in all stages of organization in certain lung specimens. In its final state, the appearance was not unlike that seen in pulmonary arteriosclerosis, with no trace remaining of the tumor cells which originally initiated the process. At Dr. Saphir's suggestion, we investigated the phenomenon, using rabbits immunized
John Joseph Waldron
Authors: Gerard J Waldron
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer professor and head, department of psychiatry, and associate dean, Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (b 1931; q National University of Ireland, Galway, 1955; DPM, MRCPsych, MRCP(C)), died from heart failure on 30 May 2006.



Figure 1



As an undergraduate John Waldron acted in the first run of Sean O'Casey's the Bishop's Bonfire in Dublin. Fearing an adverse effect on his medical career, he appeared as Aidan Kerrigan only to be addressed as such in one of his final vivas. John started his lifelong career in psychiatry in England in 1958, publishing papers on resettlement of long stay patients and comparison of desipramine and imipramine. In 1965 he was appointed staff psychiatrist in Kingston Psychiatric Hospital, Ontario, Canada, and in 1968 as lecturer in psychiatry in Queen's University. He later published papers in medical education and the management of refractory depression. He leaves a wife, Eilish; four sons; and three grandchildren.
Chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia in AIDS
Authors: George Albert Liu
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Fischl et al<sup>1</sup>presents impressive results for the use of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for the prophylaxis of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this randomized, controlled trial, the authors do show a high degree of correlation between treatment and the prevention of<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia, as well as increasing survival. The study is consistent both with previous studies that show effective prophylaxis for<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia in immunodeficient patients and with known information on AIDS and<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia. Measurement bias was reduced by providing a methodology for diagnosing<i>Pneumocystis</i>that reduced interobserver error, false-positive error, and false-negative error. However, use of a blinded study would have increased the reliability of the diagnosis of<i>Pneumocystis</i>by reducing intraobserver error and interobserver bias as well as placebo effect. Since the study was not blinded, it is possible that a
Effect of cetiedil on cation and water movements in erythrocytes.
Authors: W F Schmidt, T Asakura, E Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Cetiedil is a potential antisickling agent whose major effect appears to be at the erythrocyte membrane. To test the hypothesis that cetiedil alters cation transport, we studied the effect of the drug in promoting changes in cell water (Wc), cell sodium (Nac), and cell potassium (Kc). Results are quite different depending on the presence or near absence of intracellular ATP. With fresh cells, 100 microM cetiedil causes little in the net cation or water movements compared with control cells incubated for 2 h. At cetiedil concentrations greater than 100 microM, however, net movements of sodium and potassium increase considerably, and cell swelling results from a net Nac gain that exceeds a net Kc loss. All water movements can be accounted for by cetiedil-induced net cation movements. When 100 microM ouabain is added along with cetiedil, net Nac gain, net Kc loss, and net Wc gain are all increased compared with results obtained with cetiedil alone. External calcium inhibits cetiedil-induced changes in cation transport. With cells depleted of their ATP, cetiedil inhibits the typical potassium loss that occurs in the presence of external calcium; net sodium uptake changes little under these conditions, regardless of the presence or absence of external calcium. Our findings indicate a complex mode of action for cetiedil on the erythrocyte membrane, and support the hypothesis that the erythrocyte membrane, and support the hypothesis that the antisickling effect of the drug observed in vitro results from dilution of intracellular hemoglobin secondary to net salt and water gain.
Truncating mutations in the last exon of NOTCH2 cause a rare skeletal disorder with osteoporosis
Authors: Bertrand Isidor, Pierre Lindenbaum, Olivier Pichon, Stéphane Bézieau, Christian Dina, Sébastien Jacquemont, Dominique Martin-Coignard, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Martine Le Merrer, Jean-Louis Mandel, Albert David, Laurence Faivre, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Richard Redon, Cédric Le Caignec
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Histologic Remission: The Ultimate Therapeutic Goal in Ulcerative Colitis?
Authors: Laurent Peyrin–Biroulet, Aude Bressenot, Wendy Kampman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease of the mucosal layer, and activity of the disease is assumed to be related to mucosal appearance. Mucosal healing has emerged as a major therapeutic goal in UC. Whether mucosal healing should be the ultimate therapeutic goal in these patients is unknown. Even when endoscopy suggests mucosal healing, evidence of histologic activity has been observed. Histologic healing requires complete recovery of the colonic mucosa, with absence of inflammation or structural changes. Histologic improvements have been linked with improved clinical outcomes, such as a reduced risk of relapse and need for surgery/hospitalization and a reduced risk of developing cancer. Hence, there is a rationale for aiming for histologic remission in UC. Numerous methods of classification of histologic activity in UC have been proposed, although only some of these are widely used. We review the current definitions of histologic remission, the range of scoring systems most commonly used, and the evidence of histologic improvement that is available from the latest therapies for UC. We also highlight questions that will require careful consideration if histologic remission is to become more widely used as an end point in clinical trials and a treatment goal in clinical practice.
Modern Management of Cancer of the Rectum: Edited by R A Audisio, J G Geraghty, W E Longo. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2001, B/W, pp 234. ISBN 1-85233-287-5.
Authors: R J Heald
Journal: Gut (2002)

This is a remarkable little book. A brief review of contributors will whet the appetite: a quick read of the first chapter by Drs Shelton and Goldberg will soon confirm your decision to buy. This initial chapter is an engaging review of the key writings of the leaders of surgical thought over the centuries and provides a rare insight into how we have arrived where we are today. The book continues with the rich but often all too brief reviews of the many components of the colorectal cancer scene. This is the most important of all of the human cancers as we already know enough to …
Mural thrombus in experimental viral myocarditis in mice: relation between thrombosis and congestive heart failure
Authors: N. TOMIOKA, C. KISHIMOTO, A. MATSUMORI, C. KAWAI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

In a study of the time of appearance of mural thrombus and the relation between thrombosis and congestive heart failure in acute viral myocarditis 180 BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the M variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. Thirty mice were killed on day 5 and 50 mice each on days 7, 10, and 14. Of the 176 mice with myocarditis, 25 (14.2%) developed congestive heart failure after day 9 and 22 (12.5%) showed thrombi after day 6. Most of the thrombi were at the sites of endocardial lesions in the atria. The total incidence of thrombosis in mice with congestive heart failure was significantly higher than that in mice without. None of the 50 uninoculated control mice developed thrombi. The present study suggests that acute viral myocarditis carries an appreciable risk of thromboembolism and that congestive heart failure is a risk factor for thrombosis.
Mitochondrial dysfunction during anoxia/reoxygenation injury of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Yuichi Fujii, Michael E. Johnson, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

ABSTRACT Sinusoidal endothelial cell injury plays a pivotal role in anoxia/reoxygenation liver damage. However, the mechanisms culminating in anoxia/reoxygenation endothelial cell injury remain unclear. Our aims were to determine whether anoxia/reoxygenation injury of sinusoidal endothelial cells causes mitochondrial dysfunction. In cultured rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic free calcium and cytosolic pH were quantitated by means of fluorescent probes and multiparameter digitized video microscopy. Cell viability was measured on the basis of lactate dehydrogenase release, and ATP was quantitated with a luciferin/luciferase assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was stable during 90 min of aerobic perfusion. After 60 and 90 min of anoxia, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased gradually to 97% ± 6% and 79% ± 7% of the basal value, respectively. However, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased abruptly with reoxygenation after 60 min of anoxia to 45% ± 12% of the basal value and did not recover over 30 min of aerobic perifusion. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential could not be attributed to changes of cytosolic free calcium, cytosolic pH, nitric oxide generation or activity of poly(ADP–ribose) polymerase. The antioxidants TEMPO (2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–N–oxyl) and Trolox (6–hydroxy–2,5,7,8–tetramethyl–chroman–2–carboxylic acid) protected against both loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell viability. In contrast, reduced glutathione depletion by diethyl maleate or phorone potentiated mitochondrial depolarization and cell killing. Cyclosporine plus trifluoperazine also protected against loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell killing, suggesting that the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition was responsible for these events. Cytoprotection correlated better with preservation of the mitochondrial membrane potential than with cellular ATP levels. These data demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical event in anoxia/reoxygenation injury of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which can be therapeutically targeted. (Hepatology 1994;20:177-185.)
Amelioration of high fat diet induced liver lipogenesis and hepatic steatosis by interleukin-22
Authors: Ling Yang, Yixuan Zhang, Lingdi Wang, Fengjuan Fan, Lu Zhu, Zhigang Li, Xiangbo Ruan, Heng Huang, Zhenzhen Wang, Zhihua Huang, Yuliang Huang, Xiaoqiang Yan, Yan Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A Case of Cerebellar Abscess
Authors: C. Yorke
Journal: BMJ (1931)

CEREBELLAR ABSCESS rMEDTHAE JITOISURf-' 891 keeping with previous titrations of this serum with other strains of psittacosis virus (Bedson and Western, 1930).1 Thus proof is forthcoming that the two strains B. 157 and " Bangor'" are immunologically identical, and that they are strains of psittacosis virus.TABLE II Dilutions of Virus Virus Treatment 1 in 100 1 in 1,000 1 in 10,ooo Virus in saline (titration) + ± F B.157.. Virus with immune serum M.176, M.177, and M.178 V Viriis in saline (titration) + + + i Bangor -Virus,with immune serum M.176,
Effect of Neutralizing Antibody on Experimental Rhinovirus Infection
Authors: Maurice A. Mufson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

RECENTLY an increasing number of viruses possessing common biological properties have been recovered from patients with minor respiratory illness. These agents have been variously named entero-like and enteroviruses,<sup>1</sup>Salisbury viruses,<sup>2</sup>coryzaviruses,<sup>3,4</sup>and muriviruses.<sup>5</sup>The Virus Subcommittee of the International Committee on the Nomenclature of Bacteria and Viruses designated the name "rhinoviruses" for these agents, and classified them as a subgroup of the picornaviruses.<sup>6</sup>Unlike the enteroviruses, rhinoviruses are unstable in an acid solution (pH 3 to 5), and on this basis ECHO-28 has been reclassified among the rhinoviruses. At present the rhinovirus group appears to be composed of at least 30 antigenically distinct serotypes. Tyrrell has suggested that rhinoviruses which multiply in embryonic-human kidney cells, fetal-human diploid fibroblast cells, and primary monkey kidney cells be designated "M" strains, and those strains that propagate only in human cells be designated "H" strains.<sup>7</sup> Recent epidemiological
The Health Detective's Handbook: Guide to the Investigation of Environmental Health Hazards by Nonprofessionals
Authors: Glyn G. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This volume of ten chapters, 20 figures, and 34 tables includes directions on how to plan and carry out a scientifically valid preliminary survey when an environmentally related health problem is suspected. A relatively complete questionnaire and instructions for use in a descriptive epidemiologic study are included. The author's thesis is that any educated lay person can, with careful planning, develop a core group of like-minded concerned persons to carry out a scientifically valuable preliminary study to determine if a problem exists. If the data from the survey confirm their suspicion, then having pertinent, high-quality data to use in requesting and supporting the need for additional analytic studies or some remedial action can and should make their concerns and requests more believable and forceful. The book also provides background information about and examples of the causes of disease in a variety of tables and figures included in both the text
Risk factors associated with increased nonrelapse mortality and with poor overall survival in children with chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: David A. Jacobsohn, Mukta Arora, John P. Klein, Anna Hassebroek, Mary E. Flowers, Corey S. Cutler, Alvaro Urbano-Ispizua, Brian J. Bolwell, Joseph H. Antin, Michael Boyiadzis, Jean-Yves Cahn, Mitchell S. Cairo, Roger H. Herzig, Luis M. Isola, Thomas R. Klumpp, Stephanie J. Lee, Effie W. Petersdorf, Stella Santarone, Robert P. Gale, Harry C. Schouten, Stephen R. Spellman, Daniel J. Weisdorf, John R. Wingard, Mary M. Horowitz, Steven Z. Pavletic
Journal: Blood (2011)
HIV Infection in the Dominican Republic-Reply
Authors: R. E. Koenig, L. G. Brache, J. A. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The comments by Drs Lange and Kreider emphasize the possible interaction of HBV and HIV on the island of Hispaniola. Their conclusions, however, are based on data that are either outdated or incorrectly quoted. The work of Mazzur et al<sup>1</sup>cited by Drs Lange and Kreider was performed in 1976 and samples were taken only from blood donors at one hospital in the city of Santo Domingo. It is noteworthy, moreover, that the prevalence of any marker to HBV in that study was close to 83%, not 65% as quoted by Drs Lange and Kreider. The Table presents more recent information (from 1984 through 1986) on the seroprevalence of HBsAg in segments of the Dominican population. The overall prevalence of 16.0% is much higher than that found in theearlier study by Mazzur et al. In addition, the seroprevalence of HIV is incorrectly listed in the table
National cohort study of reproductive risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis in Denmark: a role for hyperemesis, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia?
Authors: K T Jørgensen, B V Pedersen, S Jacobsen, R J Biggar, M Frisch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objectives: While reproductive factors might plausibly be involved in the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the female predominance remains unexplained. A study was undertaken to address the possible impact of live births, pregnancy losses and pregnancy complications on the subsequent risk of RA in a nationwide cohort study. Methods: National register data were used to link reproductive histories and later RA hospitalisations in a cohort of 4.4 million Danes. As a measure of relative risk associated with different reproductive histories, ratios of first inpatient RA hospitalisation rates (RRs) were used with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) obtained by Poisson regression analysis. Results: Overall, 7017 women and 3041 men were admitted to hospital with RA in 1977–2004 (88.8 million person-years). The risk of RA was inversely associated with age at birth of first child in both women and men (p for trend &lt;0.001). Overall, nulliparity and a history of pregnancy loss were not associated with RA risk but, compared with one-child mothers, women with two (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.90) or three (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.91) children were at reduced risk. The risk of RA was increased in women with a history of hyperemesis (RR 1.70; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.54), gestational hypertension (RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.02) or pre-eclampsia (RR 1.42; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.84). Conclusions: One-child mothers and young parents are at increased risk of RA later in life, possibly due to socioeconomic factors. The novel finding of a significantly increased risk of RA in women whose pregnancies were complicated by hyperemesis, gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia might reflect reduced immune adaptability to pregnancy in women disposed to RA or a role of fetal microchimerism in the aetiology of RA.
FOUR CASES OF CEREBELLAR ABSCESS: ONE SUCCESS, TWO AUTOPSIES.
Authors: B. ALEX. RANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The serious complications of ear disease have grown increasingly frequent since the influenza epidemics came and continue with us, and increasing post-mortem and surgical experience is clearing up the mystery which used to surround many of them. Better treatment of the acute and chronic suppurations is lessening the danger which they entail; rational surgery of the tympanum and mastoid, less timid and tardy in the hands of many than it formerly was with the few then thought very radical, is saving many a case half over the verge; and the clinical recognition of intracranial disease is revealing many of the operable cases before all chance of success has passed. Yet cases will continue to offer many enigmatic or contradictory signs, only to be unraveled in the autopsy; and unexpected complications will be met in exploratory surgical intervention; and the following cases, if lacking in brilliancy, may yet have very practical
In Utero Epstein-Barr Virus (Infectious Mononucleosis) Infection
Authors: G. N. Goldberg, V. A. Fulginiti, C. G. Ray, P. Ferry, J. F. Jones, Harold E Cross, L. Minnich
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A male infant infected in utero with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) demonstrated a syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies (micrognathia, cryptorchidism, central cataracts), hypotonia, thrombocytopenia, persistent monocytosis, proteinuria, and multiple areas of metaphysitis at birth. Lymphocytes were Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) positive (18%) and persisted in culture for three months. He had antibody to early antigen (anti-EA), IgM-viral capsid (anti-VCA), and EBNA (anti-EBNA) detectable at 22 days of age. All attempts to isolate infectious agents or to serologically identify other infectious causes for his syndrome were negative.