tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid) Revisited
Authors: Janet A. Fairley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Although it is easy to dismiss problems such as postinflammatory hyperpigmentation under the rubric of “cosmetic concerns,” pigmentary disorders are a frequent cause of distress because of our society's excessive focus on appearance. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common cause of visits to the dermatologist, and the number of agents available for its treatment is limited. The report by Bulengo-Ransby and colleagues on the efficacy of tretinoin (retinoic acid) as a single agent in black persons with postinflammatory skin hyperpigmentation in this issue of the Journal1 adds to our knowledge about both tretinoin and the hyperpigmentation itself.The use of tretinoin . . .
An Assessment of the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Friendship-Based Social Network Recruitment Strategy to Screen At-Risk African American and Hispanic/Latina Young Women for HIV Infection
Authors: Cherrie B. Boyer, Lisa Hightow-Weidman, James Bethel, Su X. Li, Lisa Henry-Reid, Donna Futterman, Donna Maturo, Diane M. Straub, Kourtney Howell, Shirleta Reid, Jaime Lowe, Bill G. Kapogiannis, Jonathan M. Ellen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

OBJECTIVES To examine the feasibility and acceptability of a friendship-based network recruitment strategy for identifying undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection within young women's same-sex friendship networks and to determine factors that facilitated and hindered index recruiters (IRs) in recruiting female friendship network members (FNMs) as well as factors that facilitated and hindered FNMs in undergoing HIV screening. DESIGN A cross-sectional study design that incorporated dual incentives for IRs and their female FNMs. SETTING The IRs were recruited through 3 Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions sites within their Adolescent Medicine Trials Units. Data were collected from January 1, 2009, through June 30, 2010. PARTICIPANTS The IRs self-identifying as HIV positive, negative, or status unknown were enrolled to recruit FNMs to undergo HIV screening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reports of HIV risk and facilitators and barriers to network recruitment and HIV screening were assessed using an audio-computer-assisted self-interview. Participants were identified as HIV negative or positive on the basis of an OraQuick HIV test with confirmatory enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or Western blot tests. RESULTS Nearly all (156 [98.1%]) eligible IRs agreed to participate and most (78.4%) recruited 1 or more FNMs. Of the 381 FNMs, most (342 [89.8%]) agreed to HIV screening. Although a high acceptance of HIV screening was achieved, the HIV prevalence was low (0.26%). CONCLUSION Our findings provide compelling evidence to suggest that use of a female friendship network approach is a feasible and acceptable means for engaging at-risk young women in HIV screening, as shown by their high rates of agreement to undergo HIV screening.
Acute stress induces cardiac mast cell activation and histamine release, effects that are increased in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice
Authors: M Huang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Cardiac mast cells have recently been found to be activated in atherosclerotic coronary arteries, but no mediator has so far been documented to be released from them, nor have they been investigated in Apolipoprotein (Apo) E knockout (k/o) mice that develop atherosclerosis. Psychological stress triggers acute coronary syndrome, while acute restraint stress stimulates rat cardiac mast cells, the main mediator of which histamine is a coronary constrictor. Here, we investigated the effect of acute stress on the activation of cardiac mast cells morphologically, as well as the levels of cardiac and serum histamine in normal and genetically deficient mice.Male, 8-14 week-old ApoE k/o mice and their corresponding control C57BL/6J mice were used. Significant reduction of cardiac histamine from 396.7+/-45.6 to 214.6+/-41.5 ng/g was observed over 120 min restraint stress with a corresponding increase in serum histamine from 126.9+/-4.0 to 188.4+/-17.3 ng/ml in C57BL mice. Cardiac mast cell activation was observed by light and electron microscopy. Both basal cardiac and serum histamine in ApoE k/o mice was significantly higher than that in C57BL mice. Although the extent of mast cell activation in ApoE k/o mice was similar to that of C57BL mice, the number of cardiac mast cells in ApoE k/o mice was 37% higher. Histamine levels were hardly detectable with or without stress in W/W(v) mast cell deficient mice.Acute restraint stress triggered cardiac histamine release in mice that was clearly derived from mast cells, as it was absent in W/W(v) mice. The high basal cardiac and serum histamine in ApoE k/o mice, along with the high number of cardiac mast cells, suggest possible ongoing cardiac mast cell activation that may participate in atherosclerosis. These results may possibly help better understand stress-related cardiovascular pathology.
Desmond Gerard Taylor
Authors: N. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Born in Belfast, Desmond Gerard Taylor attended a Christian Brothers School, a formative experience he did not forget. After graduating from medical school, he went to London to join the house staff at Great Ormond Street, Guy’s Hospital, and the Brompton Hospital. He then worked for Lord Brock, helping him perform, for the first time in the UK, successful open heart surgery using a heart bypass …
Bulge or mass? A diagnostic dilemma of capsule endoscopy
Authors: C. Girelli, P. Porta
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Capsule endoscopy has revolutionized the diagnostic approach to small-bowel disease, but its true accuracy is still largely unknown and equivocal findings pose diagnostic dilemmas. As underlined at some international meetings dedicated to capsule endoscopy, the differential diagnosis of submucosal masses versus bulges may be challenging. This issue is particularly important bearing in mind that up to half of all small-bowel malignancies, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), neuroendocrine tumors, and lymphomas, arise from the submucosal layer of the intestinal wall, and have the endoscopic appearance of a submucosal mass [1] [2]. In addition, further characterization of a bulge by insufflation, touch, and cleansing (usually performed in conventional endoscopy of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract), is precluded at capsule endoscopy, and endoscopic sonography is not feasible in the small bowel.
The Relation of Precordial and Orthogonal Leads
Authors: J. A. ABILDSKOV, ROBERT S. WILKINSON
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A systematic search was made for the effective axes from an orthogonal lead system that best duplicated the diagnostically significant features of precordial leads. Only one of 240 precordial leads was not matched with a rotated orthogonal lead having the same features judged to be clinically significant. The average rotated lead axes corresponding to precordial leads V 1 through V 6 were systematically located from an axis directed upward and to the right corresponding to V 1 to one directed downward and to the left corresponding to V 6 . The location of these average rotated axes has been presented and the per cent contribution of XYZ leads to each of these axes has been calculated. These results provide a guide to the orthogonal lead location of diagnostic information now obtained from precordial leads.
Can stem cells mend a broken heart?
Authors: S DAVANI, F DESCHASEAUX, D CHALMERS, P TIBERGHIEN, J KANTELIP
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of heart failure in developed countries. The therapeutic measures of today are usually not sufficient to prevent left ventricular remodelling as they fall short of actual replacement of necrotic cardiac myocytes. However, current insights into stem cell plasticity have opened up new perspectives for regenerating the infarcted heart. Recently, a wide range of stem/progenitor cell types have been used for cardiac cell therapy (CCT), including embryonic or foetal stem cells, myoblasts, and bone marrow stem cells. To date, the choice of stem cells has yet to be optimised. This review details recent experimental data and discusses the clinical potential of the various stem cell sources for CCT.
(21) Darier's disease
Authors: A.G. Messenger, R.E. Church
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (21) Darier's disease Get access A.G. Messenger, Drs, A.G. Messenger, Drs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.E. Church R.E. Church Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Page 67, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07716.x Published: 01 July 1986
Specialists in the United States
Authors: J. C D Plant
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—I was trained in general surgery in Britain and then spent 10 years training surgical residents in the United States. Having observed the results of this method for the past 15 years in private surgical practice, I can vouch for the fact that it is possible to train bright medical graduates to a high standard of specialist competence in adefined period.1

In my opinion, …
End-of-Treatment Spinal Tap in Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: David T. Durack
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Examination of CSF at the end of treatment for bacterial meningitis is a common clinical practice. Because its value as a test of cure is questionable, we reviewed 165 cases in which a posttreatment spinal tap was done. Frequency distributions of spinal fluid findings are presented, showing that strikingly wide ranges of glucose and protein levels and cell counts at the end of treatment are compatible with cure. The CSF findings failed to provide a warning in the only two patients in whom treatment failure was diagnosed later. In 13 others, the results led to unnecessary intervention. These data indicate that the posttreatment lumbar puncture is usually valueless as a test of cure in bacterial meningitis and can do more harm than good. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:75-78)
Treatments for common and plantar warts
Authors: J. N. Bouwes Bavinck, J. A. H. Eekhof, S. C. Bruggink
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Salicylic acid or liquid nitrogen is probably no more effective than a wait and see policy



Chassenet/SPL

Cutaneous warts are common, benign, and usually self limiting papillomas.1 2 They present in various forms and sizes and are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV).1 2 The two most common types are common warts (verrucae vulgaris), which usually occur on the hands, and plantar warts (verrucae plantares), which are usually found on the soles of the feet. Between 10% and 30% of primary school children have cutaneous warts, of which two thirds resolve within two years.3 In the linked randomised controlled trial (doi:10.1136/bmj.d3271), Cockayne and colleagues compare the effectiveness of cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts⇑.4 

Treatments have been based on destruction (cryotherapy, photodynamic treatment, pulsed dye laser), keratolysis (salicylic acid), immunostimulation (dinitrochlorobenzene, interferons), or antimitotic effects (bleomycin, fluorouracil).1 5 A systematic review of topical treatments for cutaneous warts was published in 2006 and updated in 2009 to include subsequent randomised controlled trials.5 6 The authors identified 78 …
The Wisheart affair: paediatric cardiological services in Bristol, 1990-5
Authors: P M Dunn
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Many colleagues, patients, and friends of James Wisheart, Janardin Dhasmana, and John Roylance will have been deeply shocked by the unjust way in which the three men have been treated. Every sympathy is due to those who have lost loved ones. However, whereas doctors will readily understand the aggressive grief that some parents have shown, their anger should surely be reserved for the news media (and their informants) that have misdirected this grief against the Bristol surgeons using a sustained stream of biased, misleading, and often inaccurate information. And the defendants' explanations remained almost entirely unreported after they presented their case.

#### Key messages

In June 1998 the professional conduct committee of the General Medical Council announced that it had found the charges proved. But what charges? Few appreciate that many of the original charges against the surgeons, including those of clinical and technical incompetence, had either been quietly dropped or were found not proved. The disputed charges that remained were diminished in substance, some to the point of being tenuous or capable of being levied at any practising doctor.

The legal assessor to the committee advised it to be sure that the facts were true, that no other registered medical practitioner observing …
Sexual Assaults on Children: II.--A Magistrate's View
Authors: B. Henriques
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Correspondence earlier this year in the national press, particularly in " The Times," showed that the public conscience is uneasy about the judicial ordeal to which the child victims of sexual assaults are often subjected.The time, it would seem, is ripe for an overhaul of the present procedure.The problem is in part medical, so we invited three expert contributors to appraise the situation and say how, in their view, the lot of these children could be eased.In the first article Our Legal Correspondent briefly reviews present procedure, suggests some ways of reducing the ordeal, and discusses whether parents and doctors who refrain, for the sake of the child, from reporting an oJffence become themselves guilty of a crime.In the second article Sir Basil Henriques, who was for many years chairman of the East London Juvenile Court, goes more deeply into the reform of police and court procedure.Finally Dr. Nesta Wells discusses the medical aspects and the doctor's role in helping the assaulted child and her family.
A Guided and Guarded Trephine for Bone-marrow Biopsy
Authors: R. A. Hickling
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MEDIALSOURNA1463abnormality.He was discharged home after three days, and when seen at the clinic a fortnight later said he felt much better mentally.He was advised to resume chlorpromazine but would not do so.COMMENT There appear to have been only two reports of similar reactions after chlorpromazine.Labhardt (1954) mentions two patients, one a neurotic and one a psychopath, who showed " hysteriform " symptoms resembling arc en cercle and spasmodic torticollis, but gives no further information.Ayd (1956) describes the case a 16-year-old girl receiving 300 mg. of chlorpromazine daily who on the twelfth day suddenly developed dysarthria, facial grimacing, and in- voluntary muscle movements.She began taking chlor- promazine again three days later and had no recurrence of dystonia.This type of reaction, very rare with chlorpromazine, appears to be less rare with the related drug prochlorperazine (" stemetil ").As one of the recognized toxic effects of both chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine is a parkinson- like syndrome, it is perhaps not altogether fanciful to picture the dystonic syndrome described here as in some ways analogous to the oculogyric crises of post-encephalitic parkinsonism.
A Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone in Preterm Infants at High Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: James J. Cummings, Diane B. D'Eugenio, Steven J. Gross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We evaluated the use of dexamethasone in preterm infants to decrease morbidity associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-six preterm infants (birth weight, ≤250 g and gestational age, ≤30 weeks) who were dependent on oxygen and mechanical ventilation at two weeks of age received a 42-day course of dexamethasone (n=13), an 18-day course of dexamethasone (n=12), or saline placebo (n=11). The starting dose of dexamethasone was 0.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, and it was progressively lowered during the period of administration. Infants in the 42-day dexamethasone group, but not those in the 18-day group, were weaned from mechanical ventilation significantly faster than control infants (medians 29, 73, and 84 days, respectively; P<0.05), and from supplemental oxygen (medians 65, 190, and 136 days, respectively; P<0.05). No clinical complications of steroid administration were noted. Follow-up of all 23 survivors at 6 and 15 months of age showed good outcome (normal neurologic examinations and Bayley Developmental Indexes ≥84) in 7 of the 9 infants in the 42-day dexamethasone group, but in only 2 of the 9 infants in the 18-day dexamethasone group and 2 of the 5 in the placebo group (P<0.05). We conclude that dexamethasone therapy for 42 days improves pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcome in very-low-birth-weight infants at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1505–10.)
Baker's Cyst and Venoscintigraphy
Authors: Rauli Leino
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ruptured Baker's cyst (240:1517,1978; 241:564,1979) is a difficult clinical problem, in that (1) it is so seldom suspected; (2) it is usually wrongly diagnosed as thrombophlebitis; and (3) therapy for these two entities is divergent. We have previously reported an extended series<sup>1</sup>on this problem in the Finnish literature. Our material consists of 27 patients, in whom the diagnosis of Baker's cyst or its rupture has been confirmed. All of the patients were referred to the internal medicine clinic for symptoms of calf pain. In only four cases was the referring diagnosis Baker's cyst; the others were diagnosed as deep venous thrombosis. Fifteen of these 27 Baker's cysts were ruptured. Four patients had deep venous thrombosis in addition to the Baker's cyst. The diagnosis was based on the clinical picture, Baker's cystography, and phlebography in all cases. Venoscintigraphy was performed on four of the patients, with
Psychiatric study of a consecutive series of 19 patients with regional ileitis.
Authors: F Feldman, D Cantor, S Soll, W Bachrach
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MMCJO 711 in the control group.The increase in haemoglobin in the higher ranges occurred mainly in the first six months of use.In the range below 13 g./100 ml.there were no differences from the control group.Some formulations, especially those con- taining norethisterone acetate as progestogen have greater effect than others in raising haemoglobin concentrations.Diminished blood loss alone does not account for all the changes observed.Haemoconcentration may occur in some subjects; if this is so the resulting increased viscosity may have some bearing on thrombotic phenomena.A further possible ex-p~ana~ion is oorticosteroid stimulation of bone-marrow activity.
A fungus oddball
Authors: S. Vaisrul
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylactic fluoride treatment and aged bones.
Authors: J Inkovaara, R Heikinheimo, K Jarvinen, U Kasurinen, H Hanhijarvi, E Iisalo
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a double-blind trial with monofluorophosphate (25 mg fluoride per day) given to 460 aged persons (237 treated, 233 control) for eight months no difference was observed in height, admission to hospital, or mortality. Fractures and exacerbation of arthrosis were more frequent in the fluoride group. Vertebral x-ray films showed no difference. The free ionized fluoride levels in the plasma of the fluoride-treated group were still twice as high two months after treatment ended. Fluoride treatment in the prophylaxis of osteoporosis is not recommended unless there is simultaneous measurement of plasma ionized fluoride levels.
US dermatologists call for more oversight of nurse practitioners and physician assistants
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

US dermatologists have called for more oversight and regulation of nurse practitioners and physician assistants, after a study found that they were performing millions of dermatology specialty procedures without physician supervision.1

Nurse practitioners and physician assistants were first envisioned to be mid-level healthcare providers who would typically work under a physician’s oversight. The aim was for these professionals to increase the number of primary care providers and improve access to care, particularly in rural and other underserved areas. But in recent years many states have expanded nurse practitioners’ and physician assistants’ scope of practice and allowed them to practice independently.

In the study Brett Coldiron of the …
Review: Novel oral anticoagulants reduce stroke more than ASA in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ignacio Neumann, Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Gordon Guyatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Dogliotti A, Paolasso E, Giugliano RP. Current and new oral antithrombotics in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a network meta-analysis of 79 808 patients. Heart. 2013; Sep 5 [Epub ahead of print]. 24009224
The intrapulmonary half-life and safety of aerosolized alpha1-protease inhibitor in normal volunteers.
Authors: C Vogelmeier, I Kirlath, S Warrington, N Banik, E Ulbrich, R M Du Bois
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Aerosol delivery of alpha1-protease-inhibitor (alpha1-PI) has the potential for reducing the amount of alpha1-PI needed to treat persons who are severely alpha1-PI-deficient, thereby decreasing the high cost of treatment and making alpha1-PI available to treat many alpha1-PI-deficient persons who do not now have access to that product. Aerosolized alpha1-PI may also be useful in cystic fibrosis. The goal of our study was to evaluate the duration of action of aerosolized alpha1-PI and possible side effects in normal volunteers. Twenty-nine volunteers underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 3 to 7 d later inhaled 200 mg of alpha1-PI. Subjects were subsequently assigned to one of five groups; a second BAL was performed 0.5, 6, 12, 24, or 36 h after the aerosol, respectively. The BAL fluid samples were analyzed for alpha1-PI concentrations, anti-neutrophil elastase (NE) activity, cell count and differential, alpha1-PI-NE complex level, and uptake of alpha1-PI by alveolar macrophages. Overall we observed no substantial side effects. The one-time alpha1-PI aerosol induced a significant increase of alpha1-PI concentrations as well as anti-NE activity. Even in the BAL fluid samples obtained 36 h after aerosol administration alpha1-PI concentrations and anti-NE activity were about double baseline values. The half-time in the lungs for alpha1-PI concentrations and anti-NE activity were about double baseline values. The half-time in the lungs for alpha1-PI was 69.2 h and for anti-NE activity was 53.2 h, respectively. We conclude from our data in normal volunteers that inhalation of aerosolized alpha1-PI may be a safe, effective, and conveniently administered therapy for persons with severe alpha1-PI deficiency; this mode of administration warrants further study.