tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of acute anaphylaxis
Authors: M. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1996)

and two related to relief.Firstly, good information should be given to parents, schools, and children and should include the dangers of cannabis (memory impairment, the fact that it contains more carcinogens than tobacco, etc).Secondly, drugs should be eliminated.The police are on the right track in the way that they tackle big dealers, but they should be allowed to tackle street dealing as well, because it is difficult to find drugs when petty sales are reduced.'Thirdly, users should be able to gain admission to drug free institutions where they are treated with respect and encouragement so that they can regain their self respect.Finally, good aftercare is necessary: any former user should have a counsellor, who could help him or her find accommodation and a job.Weekly urine checks are advisable so that any relapse can be recognised.
Pathogenesis of Urban Slums
Authors: Harold J. Wershow
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In discussing "Pathogenesis of Slums," the point is made that our society, consciously or unconsciously, creates both slums and slumdwellers, and our social system operates to maintain them unchanged. This may perhaps motivate some readers to realize that social problems have causes other than those individually created. How do slums begin? Slums result, paradoxically enough, from affluence. In good times, previously poor people get a little money and, as Americans will, want to move up in the world. So they do, from the East Side to the Bronx in New York or from the West Side in Chicago. The people below them in the "pecking order," people destined to occupy the job slots previously vacated as semi-skilled workers or domestics, begin to move into the old neighborhoods. The newcomers are forced to pay a higher rent or purchase price, for they are nowhere welcomed or beloved, and have little choice
Alteration in the metabolism of dihydrotestosterone in elderly men with prostate hyperplasia.
Authors: I Morimoto, A Edmiston, R Horton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

In vivo androgen kinetics were determined in six young (21--49 yr) and elderly men (62-77 yr) with prostatge hyperplasia (BPH). Steady-state infusions of [14C]testosterone and [3H]androstanediol (3 alpha diol) were given, which allowed determination of the conversions testosterone leads to dihydrotesterone (DHT) in equilibrium or formed from 3 alpha diol. These infusions also yield metabolic clearance data which, together with meaurement of nonisotopic steroid levels, yield estimations of blood production rates. The production rate for testosterone was 6.04 +/- 1.66 vs. 3.69 +/- 0.62 mg/d, whereas the production rate for 3 alpha diol was 319 +/- 57 and 193 +/- 34 micrograms/d (P < 0.05 both groups). The irreversible conversion rate of testosterone to DHT was 3.1 +/- 0.4 and 3.5 +/- 0.9% (NS). The back conversion of 3 alpha diol to dHT was high (68 +/- 25 vs. 81 +/- 17, NS) indicating that 3 alpha diol might cause BPH as a result of conversion to DHT in vivo. The conversion of DHT to 3 alpha diol is reduced in the elderly group (15.8 +/- 2.6 and 6.3 +/- 1.4, P < 0.001). Since DHT formation in the prostate is a key event in the development of BPH and blood DHT appears to be a measure of extrasplanchnic sexual target tissue activity, our in vivo studies suggest that the tissue increase in DHT may result from reduced metabolism and the activity of 3 alpha-oxidoreduction favors the oxidative pathway in elderly men.
THE DIGESTION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: ZACHARY SAGAL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

time honored and generally accepted view that pepsin and hydrochloric acid are necessary for the digestion of connective tissue has again been questioned, this time by Buckstein.1He sewed the tip of a duodenal tube to the rubber tubing by means of catgut or kangaroo tendon, allowed it to pass on to the jejunum, and demonstrated that after a lapse of some time the tip became detached from the rubber tube. From this experiment he drew the conclusion that the catgut or kangaroo tendon was digested in the small intestine. A previous experiment with similar results on a patient with achylia gastrica2fortified him in the correctness of his conclusions.   publication of the results of these experiments under the challenging title of The Fallacy of the Sahli Desmoid Reaction drew fire from the pen of the originator of this well known test. In a letter to
NF-κB Negatively Impacts the Myogenic Potential of Muscle-derived Stem Cells
Authors: Aiping Lu, Jonathan D Proto, Lulin Guo, Ying Tang, Mitra Lavasani, Jeremy S Tilstra, Laura J Niedernhofer, Bing Wang, Denis C Guttridge, Paul D Robbins, Johnny Huard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Inhibition of the inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway enhances muscle regeneration in injured and diseased skeletal muscle, but it is unclear exactly how this pathway contributes to the regeneration process. In this study, we examined the role of NF-κB in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). MDSCs isolated from the skeletal muscles of p65+/– mice (haploinsufficient for the p65 subunit of NF-κB) had enhanced proliferation and myogenic differentiation compared to MDSCs isolated from wild-type (wt) littermates. In addition, selective pharmacological inhibition of IKKβ, an upstream activator of NF-κB, enhanced wt MDSC differentiation into myotubes in vitro. The p65+/– MDSCs also displayed a higher muscle regeneration index than wt MDSCs following implantation into adult mice with muscular dystrophy. Additionally, using a muscle injury model, we observed that p65+/– MDSC engraftments were associated with reduced inflammation and necrosis. These results suggest that inhibition of the IKK/NF-κB pathway represents an effective approach to improve the myogenic regenerative potential of MDSCs and possibly other adult stem cell populations. Moreover, our results suggest that the improved muscle regeneration observed following inhibition of IKK/NF-κB, is mediated, at least in part, through enhanced stem cell proliferation and myogenic potential. Inhibition of the inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway enhances muscle regeneration in injured and diseased skeletal muscle, but it is unclear exactly how this pathway contributes to the regeneration process. In this study, we examined the role of NF-κB in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). MDSCs isolated from the skeletal muscles of p65+/– mice (haploinsufficient for the p65 subunit of NF-κB) had enhanced proliferation and myogenic differentiation compared to MDSCs isolated from wild-type (wt) littermates. In addition, selective pharmacological inhibition of IKKβ, an upstream activator of NF-κB, enhanced wt MDSC differentiation into myotubes in vitro. The p65+/– MDSCs also displayed a higher muscle regeneration index than wt MDSCs following implantation into adult mice with muscular dystrophy. Additionally, using a muscle injury model, we observed that p65+/– MDSC engraftments were associated with reduced inflammation and necrosis. These results suggest that inhibition of the IKK/NF-κB pathway represents an effective approach to improve the myogenic regenerative potential of MDSCs and possibly other adult stem cell populations. Moreover, our results suggest that the improved muscle regeneration observed following inhibition of IKK/NF-κB, is mediated, at least in part, through enhanced stem cell proliferation and myogenic potential.
Proactive asthma care does not suit everyone
Authors: T. Kemple
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To assess the association of established multiple sclerosis (MS) risk variants in 3,254 African Americans (1,162 cases and 2,092 controls). <h3>Methods:</h3> Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-A alleles were typed by molecular techniques. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was conducted for 76 MS-associated SNPs and 52 ancestry informative marker SNPs selected throughout the genome. Self-declared ancestry was refined by principal component analysis of the ancestry informative marker SNPs. An ancestry-adjusted multivariate model was applied to assess genetic associations. <h3>Results:</h3> The following major histocompatibility complex risk alleles were replicated: HLA-DRB1*15:01 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02 [95% confidence interval: 1.54–2.63], <i>p</i> = 2.50e-07), HLA-DRB1*03:01 (OR = 1.58 [1.29–1.94], <i>p</i> = 1.11e-05), as well as HLA-DRB1*04:05 (OR = 2.35 [1.26–4.37], <i>p</i> = 0.007) and the African-specific risk allele of HLA-DRB1*15:03 (OR = 1.26 [1.05–1.51], <i>p</i> = 0.012). The protective association of HLA-A*02:01 was confirmed (OR = 0.72 [0.55–0.93], <i>p</i> = 0.013). None of the HLA-DQB1 alleles were associated with MS. Using a significance threshold of <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01, outside the major histocompatibility complex region, 8 MS SNPs were also found to be associated with MS in African Americans. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> MS genetic risk in African Americans only partially overlaps with that of Europeans and could explain the difference of MS prevalence between populations.
398 HUMORAL NEUTRALIZING RESPONSE TO HCV DURING HIV COINFECTION AND LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: G. Maurin, A.-M. Roque-Afonso, P. Vaghefu, M. Gigou, J.-C. Duclos-Vallée, F.-L. Cosset, D. Samuel, D. Lavillette, C. Feray
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Hydroxychloroquine causes severe vacuolar myopathy in a patient with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Javier Bolaños‐Meade, Lan Zhou, Ahmet Hoke, Andrea Corse, Georgia Vogelsang, Kathryn R. Wagner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract A 51‐year‐old man developed progressive debilitating limb and respiratory muscle weakness while undergoing treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease secondary to allogeneic bone marrow transplant for mantle cell lymphoma. He had a normal serum creatine kinase level and acetylcholine receptor antibodies were negative. Electromyography showed a severe, nonirritable myopathy and a sensory motor axonal polyneuropathy. A muscle biopsy showed a necrotizing, vacuolar myopathy with many fibers containing autophagic and red‐rimmed vacuoles, suggestive of an amphiphilic drug myopathy. The patient's strength and function improved significantly after discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine. Am. J. Hematol. 78:306–309, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UK resources in the care of adults with Down's syndrome
Authors: L. Marder, J. G. Coghlan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Jensen and Bulova describe the wide range of health problems faced by adults with Down’s syndrome.1 It is disappointing, however, that this article makes no reference to work done in the UK to highlight the healthcare needs of these patients and advice on management.

The additional educational resources for patients include links to organisations in …
Cortisol Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship With Chronic Complications
Authors: Jorge I. Castillo-Quan, Julia M. Pérez-Osorio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Chiodini and colleagues (1) reported that increased levels of cortisol secretion are related to diabetes complications but did not evaluate central nervous system complications. It has been increasingly recognized that diabetes is related to several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and depression …
IgE‐mediated basophil tumour necrosis factor alpha induces matrix metalloproteinase‐9 from monocytes
Authors: S. Falkencrone, L. K. Poulsen, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, A. Woetmann, N. Odum, B. C. Poulsen, L. Blom, B. M. Jensen, B. F. Gibbs, I. M. Yasinska, V. V. Sumbayev, P. S. Skov
Journal: Allergy (2013)

IgE-mediated activation of mast cells has been reported to induce the release of tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-α), which may display autocrine effects on these cells by inducing the generation of the tissue remodelling protease matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). While mast cells and basophils have been shown to express complementary and partially overlapping roles, it is not clear whether a similar IgE/TNF-α/MMP-9 axis exists in the human basophil. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate whether IgE-mediated activation of human basophils induces TNF-α and MMP-9 release.Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), isolated basophils and monocytes were stimulated up to 21 h with anti-IgE. Mediator releases were assessed by ELISA, and surface expressions of mediators were detected by flow cytometry. Upregulation of cytokine production was detected by Western blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).IgE-mediated activation of basophils induced the synthesis and release of both TNF-α and MMP-9 from PBMC. In contrast, IgE-mediated activation of purified basophils induced the release and cellular expression of TNF-α but not MMP-9. Isolated monocytes did not release MMP-9 upon anti-IgE stimulation, but MMP-9 release was induced by stimulating monocytes with supernatants from activated basophils, and this release was inhibited by anti-TNF-α neutralizing antibodies.Our results strongly indicate that human basophils release TNF-α following IgE-dependent activation and that this cytokine subsequently stimulates MMP-9 release from monocytes. These findings support a direct involvement of basophils in inflammation as well as suggesting a role for the basophil in tissue remodelling.
Effect of intraoperative fluid optimisation on renal function in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery: A randomised controlled pilot study (ISRCTN 11799696)
Authors: J. Harten, J.E.M. Crozier, B. McCreath, A. Hay, D.C. McMillan, C.S. McArdle, J. Kinsella
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2008)
The year we had no president.
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The title of this monograph has been derived from adding together the number of days the various presidents were disabled and unable to carry out their duties as Chief Executive and Commander-in-Chief. There were seven presidents who had periods of disability, from the five days of Zachary Taylor to the 280 days of Woodrow Wilson. The serious gap in the proper functioning of the greatest democracy on earth, which these periods of illness have engendered, gives great pause for reflection on the gap in our Constitution. In this brief book, Mr. Hansen attempts to present solutions for correcting this defect. All of the presidents who were incapacitated were either sick or victims of assassins' bullets and, therefore, were under the care of physicians. Such a condition places a great responsibility on the attending physicians, not only for the person of the president, but also for the orderly process of government.
ALCOHOLICS AND THE COMMUNITY
Authors: Frank S. Ketcham
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A communication in this issue ofThe Journalby Grant and Tatham (p 931) properly focuses on the public health problems raised in the District of Columbia by the recent court decision in<i>Easter vs District of Columbia</i>,<sup>1</sup>that chronic alcoholics may not be convicted and punished for their public intoxication. Viewed from a wider perspective, however, this is a problem that affects the total community. For years communities throughout the nation have attempted to avoid this problem. The public as a whole has viewed the derelict inebriate as gutter trash and public park litter, to be swept out of sight as painlessly as possible. To the police, he represented a burdensome but necessary task, to be shuttled off to the local precinct station and to the courts time and time again. To the judiciary, he was a troublesome blight on the court calendar, to be packed off to
A study for clinical correlation of neuropsychological test and brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: S.W. Nam, S.H. Cho, N.I. Han, J.Y. Han, B.M. Ahn, S.W. Choi, Y.S. Lee, K.W. Chung, H.S. Sun, D.W. Yang, K.J. Ahn, J.M. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Noninvasive Risk Stratification of Patients With Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Arnt V. Kristen, Katrin Scherer, Sebastian Buss, Fabian aus dem Siepen, Sabine Haufe, Ralf Bauer, Katrin Hinderhofer, Evangelos Giannitsis, Stefan Hardt, Uwe Haberkorn, Hugo A. Katus, Henning Steen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
The Age Incidence and Sex Incidence of Milk-borne Typhoid
Authors: J. Ritchie
Journal: BMJ (1937)

The effects of fasting for 7 days were investigated in 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in comparison with a control regimen in a cross-over trial. The effects of fasting on clinical performance and blood neutrophil functions were studied. During fasting, with a mean weight loss of 5.1 kg, clinical inflammation in the joints and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) decreased. During the control period the joints either remained unchanged or deteriorated, and no change was observed in the body weight or the ESR. The locomotion of neutrophils under agarose, induced by a reference serum, decreased during the fasting period (p less than 0.001), but no change in their locomotion was induced by an Escherichia coli bacterial factor. During the control period, however, the locomotion induced by either stimulant was significantly decreased. Generation of migration-stimulating factors from the patients9 plasma declined 3 days after the end of fasting (p less than 0.001). The adherence of the neutrophils to nylon fibres was unchanged during both periods. The bactericidal capacity improved during fasting, both in comparison with the initial value (p less than 0.005) and with the values from the control period (p less than 0.001). An association was found between improvement in inflammatory activity of the joints and enhancement of neutrophil bactericidal capacity. Fasting appears to improve the clinical status of patients with RA. This could partly be due to the observed changes in the functions of the neutrophils, since the latter contribute to the inflammatory joint reactions.
Abstract A17: Regulation of EGFR: Stat3 signaling by Mig6 is required for metastatic outgrowth in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Mike K. Wendt, Nikolas Balanis, Barbara Schiemann, Cathleen Carlin, William Schiemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Stat3 is an oncogene that enriches for tumor initiating breast cancer cells. Stat3 activity is driven by numerous signaling inputs, including those initiated by EGFR. Herein we shown that Stat3 is critically involved in EGFR-driven tumorigenesis as EGFR molecules harboring a mutation in the juxtamembrane domain that specifically prevents activation of Stat3 fail to transform mammary epithelial cells. Using this model of EGFR transformation, we previously established that the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances pulmonary tumor formation. Surprisingly, EMT drastically diminishes the capacity of EGFR to signal to Stat3. Indeed, using the MCF-10A progression series, we show that constitutive activation of Stat3 is consistent with the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype but independent of EGFR activity. As a compensatory mechanism, we find that EMT increases the expression and ability of fibronectin to directly activate Stat3 in an EGFR-independent, Jak2-dependent manor. Indeed, human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells that fail to activate Stat3 in response to EGF robustly activate Stat3 upon fibronectin adhesion. Consistent with these results, TNBC outgrowth in pulmonary 3D-organotypic cultures is enhanced by the addition of fibronectin, a process that is absolutely dependent on β1-integrin, Jak2 and Stat3, but independent of EGFR. Underscoring the importance of this switch from EGFR-mediated to fibronectin-mediated Stat3 activation in metastatic TNBC cells, we demonstrate that shRNA-mediated diminution of the EGFR inhibitory molecule MIG6 results in increased apoptosis and consequently, decreased pulmonary tumor formation by TNBC cells. Our data clearly demonstrate that matrix-initiated signaling is sufficient to drive Stat3 activation, a reaction that likely contributes to the resistance of metastatic TNBCs to molecular therapies, particularly those that target EGFR. Citation Format: Mike K. Wendt, Nikolas Balanis, Barbara Schiemann, Cathleen Carlin, William Schiemann. Regulation of EGFR: Stat3 signaling by Mig6 is required for metastatic outgrowth in triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
Unique 'Day Hospital' Offers Bridge Between Hospitalization, Return to Independent Living
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

GERIATRIC PATIENTS who are discharged from inpatient care at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, may have the option of visiting a sort of therapeutic stepping-stone between the hospital and independent community living. A geriatric day hospital, located on the university campus, allows patients to live at home while completing their rehabilitation at the facility 2 or 3 days a week. The day hospital, thought to be the first of its kind in the United States, is distinctly different from day-care facilities, whose primary focus, essentially, is to keep content and safe those elderly persons who no longer can function independently. "The main thrust of the day hospital is to try to get the patient back to some sort of independent living," says Jan MacGregor, MD, instructor in internal medicine in the university's Division of Geriatric Medicine and the day hospital's primary physician. <h3>Independence Has Many Meanings</h3> The meaning
Streptococcus bovis Meningitis Following a Dental Procedure
Authors: E. Stephen Buescher
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> <i>Streptococcus bovis</i>, a nonenterococcal group D streptococcal species, has recently been epidemiologically associated with bacteremia and infective endocarditis in patients with neoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.<sup>1</sup>We report a case of<i>S bovis</i>meningitis in a patient who had undergone mandibular nerve block for a dental procedure. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 55-year-old man was admitted because of severe, global headache that was abrupt in onset. One day before admission, he had undergone a right mandibular nerve block for a dental filling that produced transient anesthesia of all three divisions of the right trigeminal nerve. On examination he was afebrile, with mild nuchal rigidity. No abnormalities were noted on examination of the optic fundi, cardiovascular system, or integument. There was no induration, tenderness, or lymphadenopathy in the area of the previous nerve block. Results of stool testing using the Hemoccult slide method were negative. His