tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyposensitization Therapy In Ragweed Hay Fever
Authors: Vincent J. Fontana
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Our critics, Drs. Lowell and Franklin, are mistaken in thinking that we included inappropriate patients who failed to exhibit an exacerbation during the ragweed season or whose symptoms were trivial. Observation of patients during the pollen season, history, and skin tests, seem to us sufficient to establish the diagnosis of ragweed hay fever. They state that the dosage we used was too small to yield optimal therapeutic results. The data from their study which are the basis for this statement are not available to us. The dosages we employed are, however, accepted practice, and have the advantage of avoiding constitutional reactions which might confuse the picture. We are criticized for we failed to describe the antigen doses in detail. The average maximum dosage attained in our patients for each year of our study were: 2,500 protein nitrogen units in class A patients, and 4,500 to 5,500 in
Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After a Negative Screening Endoscopy
Authors: Mohammad H. Shakhatreh, Zhigang Duan, Nathaniel Avila, Aanand D. Naik, Jennifer R. Kramer, Marilyn Hinojosa-Lindsey, John Chen, Hashem B. El-Serag
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Sample size estimation in studies monitoring exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children
Authors: W. B. Hofstra, J. K. Sont, P. J. Sterk, H. J. Neijens, M. C. Kuethe, E. J. Duiverman
Journal: Thorax (1997)

The repeatability of the response to standardised treadmill exercise testing using dry air and monitoring of heart rate in asthmatic children suffering from exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) has not been well established.Twenty seven asthmatic children with known EIB performed standardised exercise testing twice within a period of three weeks. The tests were performed on a treadmill while breathing dry air. During both tests heart rate had to reach 90% of the predicted maximum. Response to exercise was expressed as % fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from baseline and as area under the curve (AUC) of the time-response curve.The intra-class correlation coefficients for % fall and AUC (log-transformed) were 0.57 and 0.67, respectively. From these data, power curves were constructed that allowed estimations to be made of sample sizes required for studies of EIB in children. These indicated that, if a drug is expected to reduce EIB by 50%, as few as 12 patients would be sufficient to demonstrate this effect (90% power) using a parallel design study.Standardised exercise testing for EIB using dry air and monitoring of heart rate is adequately repeatable for use in research and clinical practice in children with asthma.
Association of cutaneous melanoma incidence with area-based socioeconomic indicators–United States, 2004-2006
Authors: Simple D. Singh, Umed A. Ajani, Christopher J. Johnson, Katherine B. Roland, Melody Eide, Ahmedin Jemal, Serban Negoita, Rana A. Bayakly, Donatus U. Ekwueme
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)

Socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with melanoma incidence and outcomes. Examination of the relationship between melanoma and SES at the national level in the United States is limited. Expanding knowledge of this association is needed to improve early detection and eliminate disparities.We sought to provide a detailed description of cutaneous melanoma incidence and stage of disease in relationship to area-based socioeconomic measures including poverty level, education, income, and unemployment in the United States.Invasive cutaneous melanoma data reported by 44 population-based central cancer registries for 2004 to 2006 were merged with county-level SES estimates from the US Census Bureau. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated by gender, race/ethnicity, poverty, education, income, unemployment, and metro/urban/rural status using software. Poisson multilevel mixed models were fitted, and incidence density ratios were calculated by stage for area-based SES measures, controlling for age, gender, and state random effects.Counties with lower poverty, higher education, higher income, and lower unemployment had higher age-adjusted melanoma incidence rates for both early and late stage. In multivariate models, SES effects persisted for early-stage but not late-stage melanoma incidence.Individual-level measures of SES were unavailable, and estimates were based on county-level SES measures.Our findings show that melanoma incidence in the United States is associated with aggregate county-level measures of high SES. Analyses using finer-level SES measures, such as individual or census tract level, are needed to provide more precise estimates of these associations.
CEREBRAL ATROPHY IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: DEWEY K. ZIEGLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

1. The early clinical symptoms of 40 patients with cerebral atrophy subsequently demonstrated by pneumoencephalogram are reviewed. In 25 cases the earliest abnormalities noted were not memory loss or impairment, but paranoid ideas, depression, neurosis, or psychopathy. 2. Clinical data of the patients with cerebral atrophy were compared with those of a control group who were suspected of having cerebral atrophy, but had normal pneumoencephalograms. The diagnosis of cerebral atrophy is found to be positively correlated with 3 factors: (a) presence of memory impairment by history or examination, (b) presence of abnormal findings on neurological examination, and (c) age over 40. With the absence of any 1of these factors the probability of demonstrating cerebral atrophy radiologically is considerably diminished and with the absence of any 2 the probability becomes extremely small. 3. Cerebral atrophy was found in 5 patients with depression, of the 40-60 age group, without evidence of memory impairment or abnormalities in the neurological examination.
Rituximab, B-Lymphocyte Depletion, and Preservation of Beta-Cell Function
Authors: Mark D. Pescovitz, Carla J. Greenbaum, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Dorothy J. Becker, Stephen E. Gitelman, Robin Goland, Peter A. Gottlieb, Jennifer B. Marks, Paula F. McGee, Antoinette M. Moran, Philip Raskin, Henry Rodriguez, Desmond A. Schatz, Diane Wherrett, Darrell M. Wilson, John M. Lachin, Jay S. Skyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with T-lymphocyte autoimmunity. However, there is growing evidence that B lymphocytes play a role in many T-lymphocyte-mediated diseases. It is possible to achieve selective depletion of B lymphocytes with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. This phase 2 study evaluated the role of B-lymphocyte depletion in patients with type 1 diabetes.We conducted a randomized, double-blind study in which 87 patients between 8 and 40 years of age who had newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were assigned to receive infusions of rituximab or placebo on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of the study. The primary outcome, assessed 1 year after the first infusion, was the geometric mean area under the curve (AUC) for the serum C-peptide level during the first 2 hours of a mixed-meal tolerance test. Secondary outcomes included safety and changes in the glycated hemoglobin level and insulin dose.At 1 year, the mean AUC for the level of C peptide was significantly higher in the rituximab group than in the placebo group. The rituximab group also had significantly lower levels of glycated hemoglobin and required less insulin. Between 3 months and 12 months, the rate of decline in C-peptide levels in the rituximab group was significantly less than that in the placebo group. CD19+ B lymphocytes were depleted in patients in the rituximab group, but levels increased to 69% of baseline values at 12 months. More patients in the rituximab group than in the placebo group had adverse events, mostly grade 1 or grade 2, after the first infusion. The reactions appeared to be minimal with subsequent infusions. There was no increase in infections or neutropenia with rituximab.A four-dose course of rituximab partially preserved beta-cell function over a period of 1 year in patients with type 1 diabetes. The finding that B lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes may open a new pathway for exploration in the treatment of patients with this condition. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00279305.)
Kupffer cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The emerging view
Authors: György Baffy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder of our times. Simple steatosis, a seemingly innocent manifestation of NAFLD, may progress into steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, but this process is not well understood. Since NAFLD is associated with obesity and insulin resistance, mechanisms that link lipid metabolism to inflammation offer insights into the pathogenesis. An important parallel between obesity-related pathology of adipose tissue and liver pertains to the emerging role of macrophages and evidence is growing that Kupffer cells critically contribute to progression of NAFLD. Toll-like receptors, in particular TLR4, represent a major conduit for danger recognition linked to Kupffer cell activation and this process may be perturbed at multiple steps in NAFLD. Steatosis may interfere with sinusoid microcirculation and hepatocellular clearance of microbial and host-derived danger signals, enhancing responsiveness of Kupffer cells. Altered lipid homeostasis in NAFLD may unfavourably affect TLR4 receptor complex assembly and sorting, interfere with signalling flux redistribution, promote amplification loops, and impair negative regulation including alternative activation of Kupffer cells. These events are further promoted by altered adipokine secretion and reactive oxygen species production. Specific targeting of these interactions may provide more effective strategies in the treatment of NAFLD.
Should adjuvant radiotherapy be recommended following resection of regional lymph node metastases of malignant melanomas?
Authors: D. Fuhrmann, A. Lippold, F. Borrosch, U. Ellwanger, C. Garbe, L. Suter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Should adjuvant radiotherapy be recommended following resection of regional lymph node metastases of malignant melanomas? Get access D. Fuhrmann, D. Fuhrmann Fachklinik Hornheide, Dorbaumstraße 300, D‐48157 Münster, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Lippold, A. Lippold Fachklinik Hornheide, Dorbaumstraße 300, D‐48157 Münster, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Borrosch, F. Borrosch Fachklinik Hornheide, Dorbaumstraße 300, D‐48157 Münster, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Ellwanger, U. Ellwanger Zentralregister Malignes Melanom der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, D‐72076 Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Garbe, C. Garbe Zentralregister Malignes Melanom der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, D‐72076 Tübingen, GermanyUniversitätshautklinik, D‐72076 Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Suter L. Suter Fachklinik Hornheide, Dorbaumstraße 300, D‐48157 Münster, Germany Ludwig Suter. E‐mail: ludwig.suter@fachklinik‐hornheide.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 1, 1 January 2001, Pages 66–70, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03953.x Published: 01 January 2001
A novel antiplatelet antibody therapy that induces cAMP-dependent endocytosis of the GPVI/Fc receptor γ-chain complex
Authors: Hiroshi Takayama, Yoshitaka Hosaka, Kazuyuki Nakayama, Kamon Shirakawa, Katsuki Naitoh, Tomokazu Matsusue, Mikihiko Shinozaki, Motoyasu Honda, Yukiko Yatagai, Tetsushi Kawahara, Jiro Hirose, Tooru Yokoyama, Michiru Kurihara, Shoji Furusako
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium, mediated in part by interactions between collagen and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) complexed with Fc receptor gamma-chain, is crucial for thrombus formation. Antiplatelet therapy benefits patients with various thrombotic and ischemic diseases, but the safety and efficacy of existing treatments are limited. Recent data suggest GPVI as a promising target for a novel antiplatelet therapy, for example, GPVI-specific Abs that deplete GPVI from the surface of platelets. Here, we characterized GPVI-specific auto-Abs (YA-Abs) from the first reported patient with ongoing platelet GPVI deficiency caused by the YA-Abs. To obtain experimentally useful human GPVI-specific mAbs with characteristics similar to YA-Abs, we generated human GPVI-specific mouse mAbs and selected 2 representative mAbs, mF1201 and mF1232, whose binding to GPVI was inhibited by YA-Abs. In vitro, mF1201, but not mF1232, induced human platelet activation and GPVI shedding, and mF1232 inhibited collagen-induced human platelet aggregation. Administration of mF1201 and mF1232 to monkeys caused GPVI immunodepletion with and without both significant thrombocytopenia and GPVI shedding, respectively. When a human/mouse chimeric form of mF1232 (cF1232) was labeled with a fluorescent endocytosis probe and administered to monkeys, fluorescence increased in circulating platelets and surface GPVI was lost. Loss of platelet surface GPVI mediated by cF1232 was successfully reproduced in vitro in the presence of a cAMP-elevating agent. Thus, we have characterized cAMP-dependent endocytosis of GPVI mediated by a human GPVI-specific mAb as what we believe to be a novel antiplatelet therapy.
Using surveillance data to determine treatment rates and outcomes for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Sam Lattimore, Will Irving, Sarah Collins, Celia Penman, Mary Ramsay
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The aim of this work was to develop and validate an algorithm to monitor rates of, and response to, treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) across England using routine laboratory HCV RNA testing data. HCV testing activity between January 2002 and December 2011 was extracted from the local laboratory information systems of a sentinel network of 23 laboratories across England. An algorithm based on frequency of HCV RNA testing within a defined time period was designed to identify treated patients. Validation of the algorithm was undertaken for one center by comparison with treatment data recorded in a clinical database managed by the Trent HCV Study Group. In total, 267,887 HCV RNA test results from 100,640 individuals were extracted. Of these, 78.9% (79,360) tested positive for viral RNA, indicating an active infection, 20.8% (16,538) of whom had a repeat pattern of HCV RNA testing suggestive of treatment monitoring. Annual numbers of individuals treated increased rapidly from 468 in 2002 to 3,295 in 2009, but decreased to 3,110 in 2010. Approximately two thirds (63.3%; 10,468) of those treated had results consistent with a sustained virological response, including 55.3% and 67.1% of those with a genotype 1 and non-1 virus, respectively. Validation against the Trent clinical database demonstrated that the algorithm was 95% sensitive and 93% specific in detecting treatment and 100% sensitive and 93% specific for detecting treatment outcome. Conclusions : Laboratory testing activity, collected through a sentinel surveillance program, has enabled the first country-wide analysis of treatment and response among HCV-infected individuals. Our approach provides a sensitive, robust, and sustainable method for monitoring service provision across England. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:1343-1350)
THE RELATION OF THE KIDNEYS TO ECLAMPSIA.
Authors: PHILIP KING BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The sources of my information for this paper are: Statistics from hospitals and private sources on eclampsia and kidney conditions. The literature on eclampsia and metabolism. Personal observations on urea elimination in pathologic conditions of pregnancy. Experiments on the muscular irritability of pregnant and non-pregnant animals. From the 54,010 records of births in which I could get at least a few important data concerning the frequency of eclampsia in cases of nephritis, renal irritation and toxemia, and the frequency of these conditions without eclampsia, the following facts are shown: The proportion of eclamptics to births is 1 in 105 cases. Eighteen and two-tenths per cent. of the eclamptics whose urine was examined just before or after convulsions showed only evidences of "renal irritation" in the urine. Eighty-one and eight-tenths per cent. showed "nephritis" under the same conditions. "Nephritis" was defined on the circular sent to physicians and hospitals seeking information,
Pituitary Insufficiency with Cerebrovascular Symptoms
Authors: John Gilroy, John S. Meyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE common association of hypertension and atherosclerosis of vertebral and basilar arteries supplying the brain-stem and cerebellum has been established by clinical and pathological studies.1 , 2 It has been our observation, however, that the development of symptoms in patients with vertebralbasilar insufficiency is often precipitated by a fall in blood pressure from previously higher levels. During the period of hypertension an adequate or marginal cerebral circulation is maintained, but if the blood pressure falls or fluctuates, the perfusion pressure may be periodically insufficient to meet the metabolic requirements of the hindbrain. There are other causes of circulatory failure such as thrombosis . . .
Improving the care of patients with major trauma in the accident and emergency department.
Authors: R B Fisher, C H Dearden
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To determine whether improvement in the care of victims of major trauma could be made by using the revised trauma score as a triage tool to help junior accident and emergency doctors rapidly identify seriously injured patients and thereby call a senior accident and emergency specialist to supervise their resuscitation.Comparison of results of audit of management of all seriously injured patients before and after these measures were introduced.Accident and emergency department in an urban hospital.All seriously injured patients (injury severity score greater than 15) admitted to the department six months before and one year after introduction of the measures.Management errors were reduced from 58% (21/36) to 30% (16/54) (p less than 0.01). Correct treatment rather than improvement in diagnosis or investigation accounted for almost all the improvement.The management of seriously injured patients in the accident and emergency department can be improved by introducing two simple measures: using the revised trauma score as a triage tool to help junior doctors in the accident and emergency department rapidly identify seriously injured patients, and calling a senior accident and emergency specialist to supervise the resuscitation of all seriously injured patients.Care of patients in accident and emergency departments can be improved considerably at no additional expense by introducing two simple measures.
Acetylcholine in myasthenia gravis
Authors: E R Trethewie
Journal: BMJ (1978)

1I NOVEMBER 1978 bicarbonate 14 7 mmol(mEq)/l, urea 53-0 mmol/l (319 mg/100 ml), glucose 13 0 mmol/l (234 mg/ 100 ml), urate 2 02 mmol/l (33 9 mg/100 ml).The patient became febrile, with consolidation at the left base on chest x-ray, and he was treated with antibiotics.On 11 October the haemoglobin had fallen again, to 7 9 g/dl, as a result of severe gastrointestinal bleeding; the white cell count was 0 9 x 109/1, platelets less than 5 x 109/1, sodium 139 mmol(mEq)/l, potassium 3 9 mmol(mEq)/l, bicarbonate 18-0 mmol(mEq)/l, urea 71 4 mmol/l (430 mg/l00 ml).Despite continued insulin in-
Adding revascularization to medical therapy did not improve renal function in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
Authors: Daniel G. Hackam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 February 2010Adding revascularization to medical therapy did not improve renal function in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosisDaniel G. Hackam, MD, PhD, Amit X. Garg, MD, PhDDaniel G. Hackam, MD, PhDUniversity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (D.G.H., A.X.G.)Search for more papers by this author, Amit X. Garg, MD, PhDUniversity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (D.G.H., A.X.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-4-201002160-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationASTRAL Investigators, Wheatley K, Ives N, et al. Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1953-62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19907042Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Nephrology: References1 Ives NJ, Wheatley K, Stowe RL, et al. Continuing uncertainty about the value of percutaneous revascularization in atherosclerotic renovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:298−304. [PMID: 12543884] Google Scholar2 Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1239−312. [PMID: 16545667] Google Scholar3 Cooper CJ, Murphy TP, Matsumoto A, et al. Stent revascularization for the prevention of cardiovascular and renal events among patients with renal artery stenosis and systolic hypertension: rationale and design of the CORAL trial. Am Heart J. 2006;152:59−66. [PMID: 16824832] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (D.G.H., A.X.G.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 February 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 February 2010Volume 152, Issue 4Page: JC2-6KeywordsAntiplatelet therapyCardiovascular therapyMortalityMyocardial infarctionRenal arteriesRenal diseasesRenal failureRenal transplantationRevascularizationStenosis ePublished: 16 February 2010 Issue Published: 16 February 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...