tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Conflict of Interest “Revisited”: The Use of Stereotypes
Authors: Michael A. LaCombe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 May 1994A Conflict of Interest “Revisited”: The Use of StereotypesMichael A. LaCombe, MDMichael A. LaCombe, MDParis, ME 04281Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-10-199405150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:My apologies to my Jewish colleagues.When I wrote “A Conflict of Interest,” which was based on real-life experience, I retained both the character and ethnicity of Iggie Lavinsky. It never occurred to me that I was creating an offensive stereotype.When the story was performed at Mayo Clinic, one Jewish couple raised these same objections to me, and I was both surprised and mortified. I checked with the performers, all Jewish. None had had a problem with Lavinsky. But such judgments are in the eye of the beholder, and I can understand Dr. Klein's sensitivity.Later, I ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Paris, ME 04281 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 10Page: 893-894KeywordsChildrenConflicts of interestEmotionsRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
USE OF INHALATIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO PREVENT POSTOPERATIVE PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Yandell Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Less than five years ago Coryllos and Birnbaum, on the basis chiefly of experimental observations, announced the exceedingly important and illuminating doctrine that obstruction of the bronchi is the condition that commonly induces postoperative pulmonary complications. From clinical observations at about the same time Scott and Cutler reported that hyperventilation with carbon dioxide after operations, as recommended by Henderson, Haggard and Coburn, greatly diminishes pulmonary complications. It is this and other clinical demonstrations of the fact that clearing the bronchi tends to prevent subsequent complications which establishes the critical importance of bronchial obstruction. Without this therapeutic or prophylactic benefit, that doctrine would be merely a brilliant hypothesis. There appears to be at present a general acceptance of this doctrine, combined illogically with a failure to realize that doctrine and evidence stand or fall together. This confusion is shown in a paper inThe Journal, January 7, from
Person-to-Person Spread of the MERS Coronavirus — An Evolving Picture
Authors: Stanley Perlman, Paul B. McCray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Approximately 1 year ago, a novel coronavirus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was first identified in the Journal as the causative agent of a lethal pneumonia in several patients in the Middle East.1 As of July 10, 2013, a total of 80 cases have been identified in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates), Europe (United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany), and North Africa (Tunisia), with a case fatality rate of 56%. Since this coronavirus is a close relative of the virus that caused the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a short-lived but . . .
Seminars? Medical Science Reporters Have Almost as Many as Most Graduate Students
Authors: Helene M. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A FEW DAYS AGO, the American Medical Association held its sixth Science Reporters Conference ( JAMA 1987;258:1861-1868), with William Silberg, who prepares news releases based on JAMA and AMA's specialty journals, again in a key role.  A few days before that, at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, NY, the federal government's Department of Energy held a Science Writers Workshop on Biotechnology and the Human Genome: Innovations and Impacts. On one of those same days, in nearby New York City, the American Academy of Dermatology held its fourth Update Seminar Geared to the Needs of the News Media.  And next week the Food and Drug Administration and Department of Agriculture will hold a Food Safety and Nutrition Update Journalists' Conference in Chicago. This will be followed Nov 8 to 12, in Pittsburgh, by the Council for the Advancement of Science Writing's 25th annual New Horizons in Science Briefing.  Clearly, information programs
Rapid reconstitution of dendritic cells after allogeneic transplantation of CD133+ selected hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: M Bornhäuser, L Eger, U Oelschlaegel, S Auffermann-Gretzinger, A Kiani, J Schetelig, T Illmer, M Schaich, D Corbeil, C Thiede, G Ehninger
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Beyond Phrenology: What Can Neuroimaging Tell Us About Distributed Circuitry?
Authors: Karl Friston
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2002)

Unsupervised models of how the brain identifies and categorizes the causes of its sensory input can be divided into two classes: those that minimize the mutual information (i.e., redundancy) among evoked responses and those that minimize the prediction error. Although these models have the same goal, the way that goal is attained, and the functional architectures required, are fundamentally different. This review describes the differences, in the functional anatomy of sensory cortical hierarchies, implied by the two models. We then consider how neuroimaging can be used to disambiguate between them. The key distinction reduces to whether backward connections are employed by the brain to generate a prediction of sensory inputs. To ascertain whether backward influences are evident empirically requires a characterization of functional integration among brain systems. This review summarizes the approaches to measuring functional integration in terms of effective connectivity and proceeds to address the question posed by the theoretical considerations. In short, it will be shown that the conjoint manipulation of bottom-up and top-down inputs to an area can be used to test for interactions between them, in elaborating cortical responses. The conclusion, from these sorts of neuroimaging studies, points to the prevalence of top-down influences and the plausibility of generative models of sensory brain function.
Review: Ultrasonography is accurate for diagnosing rotator cuff tears in adults
Authors: Owen D. Williamson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Ottenheijm RP, Jansen MJ, Staal JB, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic ultrasound in patients with suspected subacromial disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:1616-25. 20875523
Abstract 2489: Dramatically increased microtubule shortening resulting from overexpression of β5-tubulin is reversed by paclitaxel
Authors: Rajat Bhattacharya, Hailing Yang, Fernando Cabral
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Vertebrate cells express 6-7 isotypes of both α and β-tubulin, all of which coassemble into microtubules. Our previous studies demonstrated that β3 and β5 (but not β1, β2, and β4b) tubulin overexpression destabilizes microtubules, inhibits cell growth, and confers paclitaxel resistance (Blade, K., et al. (1999). J Cell Sci 112: 2213-21; Bhattacharya, R. and F. Cabral (2004). Mol Biol Cell 15: 3123-31; Hari, M., et al. (2003). Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 56: 45-56.). Overexpression of β3 does not appear to significantly alter microtubule dynamics, but dynamic behavior is relatively resistant to suppression by paclitaxel (Kamath, K., et al. (2005). J Biol Chem 280: 12902-7.). We now report the effects of β5 overexpression on microtubule dynamics. Microtubules were visualized in wild type (WT) or β5 overexpressing CHO cells using eGPF-MAP4. Growth and shrinkage of individual microtubules were measured using ImageJ and dynamic parameters were calculated by analyzing life history plots. We found that microtubules with high β5 content had significantly increased shortening rates and very long depolymerization distances compared to wild type. Addition of paclitaxel at a concentration that rescues cell growth, completely reversed these effects; but the dynamic parameters in such microtubules were significantly different compared to WT microtubules and resembled the inhibited microtubule dynamics of WT cells treated with paclitaxel. We conclude that suppression of microtubule dynamics in presence of paclitaxel is insufficient to explain why β5 overexpressing cells become resistant to the drug. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2489.
A beacon of generalism
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I don’t do conferences; they didn’t exist in my day. Anyway, I was never much good at networking, and didn’t value it: it never seemed relevant to what I do. But when the Royal College of General Practitioners’ (RCGP) conference rolls into my town, there seems no excuse not to go. This is only the sixth RCGP conference. I am apprehensive on multiple levels and consider attending in disguise. Will it be the stereotype dicky bow ties, bad coffee, and detached academics presenting irrelevant research to the overqualified …
Cigarette smoking on increase: Author's reply
Authors: J. Townsend
Journal: BMJ (1989)

haematoma as incidental.There was no computed tomogram before treatment, the aetiology of the haematoma was not discussed, and results of examination of the cerebrospinal fluid were not given.In addition, the second reference is in supplement 1 of Cancer 7reatment Reports 1981 and not in the main journal.Rather than postulate a second, previously un- reported cause of this patient's neurological con- dition it would be simpler to follow Occam's razor and explain that which is obvious.The intracerebral haematoma may have resulted from hypertension, aneurysm, or haemorrhage into a deposit, in which case the administration of metho- trexate would then probably be incidental.
ROCKing pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Dean Sheppard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Clinical vignette: A 76-year-old man consults you for increasing shortness of breath over the past two years and an increasing requirement for home oxygen. A video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy shows findings of usual interstitial pneumonitis, and he has no identifiable cause for pulmonary fibrosis, so he is considered to have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). His diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is 45% of predicted, and his total lung capacity is 40% of predicted. Because of his advanced age, he is not considered a candidate for lung transplantation. What treatment should you recommend?
Hepatic Necrosis After Enflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Michael H.M. Dykes
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to comment on the first letter in the Jan 7 issue ofThe Journal. As I can find no single fact from among those presented in the letter that would allow one to single out the enflurane as the cause of the hepatic damage in this patient, I believe the letter should have been entitled "Hepatic Necrosis in a Cirrhotic After Chlorpromazine, Curare, Enflurane, Nitrous Oxide, Succinylcholine, Thiopental, and Two Upper Abdominal Operations." I do not know what specific diagnostic criteria the authors are referring to when they say, "The course and data suggest that the massive hepatocellular injury suffered by this patient may have been related to the enflurane received during the first operation." They should enumerate and expound on their reasons for believing the association to be a causal one. The first paragraph does not fairly reflect the current fund of pertinent
Toward the Conquest of Beriberi
Authors: Hilda S. White
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book is divided into 3 parts: (1) Beriberi as a Deficiency Disease, (2) The Chemistry of Thiamine and its Biochemical Action, and (3) Practical Application of Findings. The volume describes the author's role from the early part of this century until the present time in the fight against beriberi; his achievements in the isolation, identification, and synthesis of thiamine; his support of cereal enrichment programs; his continuing efforts to bring about the eradication of beriberi.  However, this is not just an autobiography. It is a well-documented review of the Beriberi-Thiamine story, which involved the development of the concept of dietary deficiency diseases. There is a discussion of cereal enrichment programs and their effectiveness. The author describes the formation of the Williams-Waterman Fund for the Combat of Dietary Diseases, through which millions of dollars derived from royalties have been directed to nutrition research. Dr. Williams suggests methods for eradicating beriberi,
Intrapleural Instillation of Quinacrine for Recurrent Pneumothorax
Authors: John Kattwinkel
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Intrapleural instillation of quinacrine hydrochloride was used to treat recurrent bilateral pneumothorax in a 29-year-old man with advanced pulmonary disease from cystic fibrosis. For 23 months and 11 months following intrapleural instillation of quinacrine into the left and right lungs, respectively, there was no recurrence of pneumothorax on either side. Death was due to pulmonary failure, and at autopsy there were dense adhesions completely obliterating the pleural spaces. This mode of therapy may provide a valuable alternative to surgery for the cystic fibrosis patient with severe lung disease and marginal pulmonary reserve.
IMPROVING PERFORMANCE? DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION PRACTICE IN ULTRAMARATHON RUNNERS
Authors: Volker Scheer Bernd, Encarna Valero Burgos
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Ultramarathon races have gained popularity in recent years and test the limits of human endurance. Dietary supplements are widely used, and athletes may attempt to gain a performance advantage through replenishment of real or perceived deficiencies. Method We conducted a prospective survey study gathering data on prevalence, types and reasons for consumption of dietary supplements among ultramarathon runners during the Al Andalus Ultimate Trail 2012. Data were obtained post race using a direct-interview technique on standardized questionnaires. Results Thirty-two ultramarathon runners (26 male, 6 female, mean age 39.5±7.9, previous ultramarathon experience 7.7±9) enrolled in the study and completed the questionnaires. Over two-thirds of runners said they consumed sports drinks and electrolytes, and over half used carbohydrate drinks and vitamin preparations followed by herbal supplements, minerals, magnesium, amino acids, and caffeine (38%, 38%, 28%, 25% and 22%). The main reasons cited for consumption were for improvement of performance (47%), the perception of acquired deficiencies through training (34%), or being vegetarian (16%). Sixty percent of runners said that they had had recent blood tests taken at their doctors' surgeries - all being in the normal range and not showing any deficiencies. High street shops and/or the Internet were the main sources for obtaining dietary supplements (69%; 47%). Supplements were taken based mostly upon recommendations of fellow runners (50%), self initiative (34%), magazine advertisements (22%) and/or recommendations of friends (19%) and, while less likely, by the recommendation of professionals (doctors 16%, coaches 13%, physiotherapists 3% and nutritionists 3%). Conclusion The practice of dietary supplementation is widespread among ultramarathon runners, who take a variety of supplements aimed at increasing performance or treating perceived deficiencies. Athletes should be properly educated about potential benefits and risks, especially those who are regularly tested for performance enhancing drugs, as dietary supplements can contain substances that lead to positive drug tests.
Charting the course across the blood-brain barrier
Authors: David Nathanson, Paul S. Mischel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant obstacle to delivery of targeted therapies to brain tumors. In this issue of the JCI, Staquicini and colleagues apply an in vivo phage-displayed library of random peptides to identify differentially expressed peptides that can be used to transport targeted agents across the intact BBB. The authors uncover a non-canonical, peptide-mediated iron-mimicry mechanism to induce transport of the transferrin/transferrin receptor complex across the BBB. They then demonstrate the ability of phage-targeting approaches to deliver therapeutic cargo and molecular imaging reporters across the BBB in an intracranial glioblastoma mouse model.
P02 * PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA (PCNSL) IN THE CEREBELLUM: REPORT OF TWO RARE CASES AND A TEN YEAR MULTI-CENTRE REVIEW OF PCNSL
Authors: W. B. Lo, J. Archer, M. Carey, R. Chasty, E. Albanese
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a malignant tumour. Its incidence is 0.46-0.51/100000/year. Cerebellar PCNSL is rare. Previously documented cases included only snapshots of the radiological appearances in large PCNSL series; therefore the radiological progression of cerebellar PCNSL has not been described. We report 2 cases of solitary cerebellar lymphoma, followed by a 10-year review of PCNSLs in our region. METHOD: Report of 2 rare cases with radiological emphasis; retrospective multi-centre review. Patients diagnosed with PCNSL in Jan 2002 - Dec 2011 were identified in the West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit registry. Retrospective analyses of survival associated with age, sex and treatment were carried out. RESULTS: 153 patients were diagnosed. The incidence is 0.28/100000/year. None of them was cerebellar lesion. The 2 cases described occurred after Dec 2011. The mean age was 63 years. 101 patients (66%) were >60 years old. The M:F ratio was 1.25. Survival in patients >60 years was significantly less than ≤60 years (3.3 and 18 mth, respectively). Survival was longest in patients receiving both chemo- and radiotherapy (52 pt, 26.9 mth), followed by either chemo- or radiotherapy (28 pt, 3.1 mth and 38 pt, 3.0 mth) and least in those receiving none (35 pt, 1.3 mth). CONCLUSION: We report 2 rare cases of cerebellar PCNSL and described the rapid radiological transformation. The 10 year review of PCNSL confirmed its poor prognosis and showed that maximal therapy is associated with better survival.
Granulopoiesis in patients with congenital neutropenia
Authors: Yoshinori Kawaguchi, Masao Kobayashi, Akio Tanabe, Michimaru Hara, Yoshikazu Nishi, Tomofusa Usui, Shinya Nagai, Yoh‐Hei Nishibayashi, Kenji Nagao, Kenjiro Yokoro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Granulopoiesis was investigated in five patients with congenital neutropenia (CN) (one Kostmann type, four benign forms). In semisolid agar culture, the marrow cells of all five patients produced normal numbers of CFU‐c (colony‐forming unit‐culture). The size and classification of colonies were normal. In suspension culture in vitro with exogenous colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) generated from omental‐conditioned medium (OMCM), the myeloid precursors of all patients could proliferate and differentiate into normal polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). But in the absence of exogenous CSF, myeloid precursors of the patient with Kostmann‐type CN did not proliferate or differentiate into PMNs at all. In the four patients with benign neutropenia, however, PMNs were found even without exogenous CSF similar to normal individuals. These results suggest that patients with CN may have normal granulopoietic stem cells with normal proliferative and differentiating capacity in response to exogenous CSF. When a small amount of normal human serum was added to normal marrow cultures stimulated by exogenous CSF, the colony growth increased in a superadditive manner. The enhancing activity of serum from neutropenic patients differed from that of normal serum. Especially, the addition of serum from the patient with Kostmann type CN to normal marrow cultures did not show this enhancement effect. The sera of patients with benign neutropenia had less enhancement effect than did normal control serum. These findings might be interpreted as showing an imbalance between CSF enhancer and inhibitors in the patients' serum.
A New Method for Extracting Wooden Foreign Bodies from the Upper Esophagus
Authors: U. Matern, , A. Aschendorff, , A. Krebs, , E. Kohlberger, , K. D. Rückauer
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

A foreign body impacted in the esophagus is an emergency case that requires immediate treatment. Often the foreign body can be removed easily using forceps or loops. Sometimes, however, safe grasping and extraction may become very difficult.
Outpatient 131I-Rituximab Radioimmunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Phillipe J. Calais, John Harvey Turner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

This study aimed to establish the safety of outpatient 131I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy by measuring the radiation exposure of hospital staff, carers, and members of the public and by estimating the environmental impact of radioactive urinary excretion.Two hundred consecutive outpatients treated with 131I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with therapeutic activities between 1 and 4.5 GBq (mean, 2.3 GBq; or between 27 and 121 mCi; mean, 62 mCi) predicated on a prescribed whole-body radiation-absorbed dose of 0.75 Gy were studied. Their 279 family members/carers and 432 visitors wore thermoluminescent dosimeter badges for the week during which the patients were confined to their home after treatment.All 200 patients received 131I-rituximab activities according to the prescribed dose of 0.75 Gy to the whole body. From 200 consecutive patients, over the 7 days after therapy, mean radiation exposure of adult carers was 0.49 mSv (range, <0.01 to 3.67 mSv). To other coresiding family members, mean exposure was 0.23 mSv (range, <0.01 to 1.20 mSv), and for visitors sharing badges, the mean exposure was 0.17 mSv (range, <0.01 to 0.73 mSv). Urinary activity excreted over the week after 131I-rituximab therapy was typically less than 25% of the administered activity.131I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma may be safely administered on an outpatient basis. The median radiation exposure of carers, cohabitants of the patient, and visitors is well within the limits recommended by international guidelines. Local regulatory agency-designated patient release rate limit of less than 25 μSv/h at 1 m was attained within 1 week of therapeutic 131I-rituximab administration.
Short-term Use of Unopposed Estrogen
Authors: Emily S. Jungheim
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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