tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Origin and Molecular Evolution of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases with Immunoglobulin-Like Domains
Authors: Julien Grassot, Manolo Gouy, Guy Perrière, Guy Mouchiroud
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are involved in the control of fundamental cellular processes in metazoans. In vertebrates, RTK could be grouped in distinct classes based on the nature of their cognate ligand and modular composition of their extracellular domain. RTK with immunoglobulin-like domains (IG-like RTK) encompass several RTK classes and have been found in early metazoans, including sponges. Evolution of IG-like RTK is characterized by extended molecular and functional diversification, which prompted us to study their evolutionary history. For that purpose, a nonredundant data set including annotated protein sequences of IG-like RTK (n = 85) was built, representing 19 species ranging from sponges to humans. Phylogenetic trees were generated from alignment of conserved regions using maximum likelihood approach. Molecular phylogeny strongly suggests that IG-like RTK diversification occurred according to a complex scenario. In particular, we propose that specific cis duplications of a common ancestor to both platelet-derived growth factor receptor (class III) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (class V) families preceded two trans duplications. In contrast, other IG-like RTK genes, like Musk and PTK7, apparently did not evolve by duplications, whereas fibroblast growth factor receptors (class IV) evolved through two rounds of trans duplications. The proposed model of IG-like RTK evolution is supported by high bootstrap values and by the clustering of genes encoding class III and class V RTKs at specific chromosomal locations in mouse and human genomes.
ACE inhibitors are better first choice than diuretics for elderly patients, study says
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Some doctors are criticising a recent government sponsored clinical trial that found diuretics to be the best first option for treating high blood pressure in elderly people.

Critics say the results from the 10 year study, known as ALLHAT (the antihypertensive and lipid lowering to prevent heart attack trial) and published in December to wide publicity ( JAMA 2002;288:2981-97), overstated the case for diuretics and contradicted clinical experience.

These critics are getting some backing from a new study published this week in the New England Journal of Medicine (2003;348:583-92), which suggests that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a better first choice for older patients, leading to fewer deaths, heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular problems.

In the trial 6083 people …
SMALLPOX IN UTERO
Authors: Lee O. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —Mrs. W., aged 26, a quintipara, had typical smallpox, having been vaccinated six days before with success, taking at the time she had the smallpox. Seven days after the pustule stage and before she had thoroughly shed all the scabs, I delivered her of a normal baby boy weighing 7½ pounds (3.4 Kg.). The baby had a well developed case of smallpox with a very few pocks just forming, a few in the pustule stage, and the remainder in the scab stage, which was shed almost entirely within twenty-four hours. Baby and mother recovered nicely with the exception that the baby had one pustule in its eye which completely destroyed it.
Limitations of Quantitative Radionuclide Bone Scanning in the Evaluation of Total Knee Replacement
Authors: H. VERLOOY, J. VICTOR, L. RENSON, A. VANDECRUYS, P. DRENT, L. MORTELMANS, M. DE ROO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

To establish the value of quantitative radionuclide bone scanning after total knee replacement, 21 patients were scheduled for examination. Eight patients were scanned more than 1 year after surgery (group 1), and 13 within the first postsurgical year (group 2). Ratios were calculated for three regions of interest. The ratio was defined as the counts per pixel for each region of interest, normalized by dividing them by the counts per pixel of the ipsilateral femoral shaft. There was no significant difference in uptake between control subjects and patients in group 2, indicating that the test was not reliable within this time period. No statistical difference was found between the uptake scores in groups 1 and 2, demonstrating that an uninterpretable period of 1 year is perhaps too short. Using a ratio of more than three, seen more than 1 year after surgery as pathologic, a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 33%, and an accuracy of 75% was found. Quantitative bone scanning is a very sensitive test for detecting complications, but it is nonspecific in diagnosing loosening of total knee arthroplasties. The value of quantitative scanning presumably lies in the follow-up of patients as an objective method for the evaluation of sequential scanning. Nevertheless, radionuclide data need to be interpreted in correlation with clinical and radiologic findings.
Essential Role for TrkB Receptors in Hippocampus-Mediated Learning
Authors: Liliana Minichiello, Martin Korte, David Wolfer, Ralf Kühn, Klaus Unsicker, Vincenzo Cestari, Clelia Rossi-Arnaud, Hans-Peter Lipp, Tobias Bonhoeffer, Rüdiger Klein
Journal: Neuron (1999)
A phase I clinical trial of dendritic cell immunotherapy in HCV-infected individuals
Authors: Eric J. Gowans, Stuart Roberts, Kathryn Jones, Irene Dinatale, Philippe A. Latour, Brendan Chua, Emily M.Y. Eriksson, Ruth Chin, Shuo Li, Dominic M. Wall, Rosemary L. Sparrow, Jude Moloney, Maureen Loudovaris, Rosemary Ffrench, H. Miles Prince, Derek Hart, Weng Zeng, Joseph Torresi, Lorena E. Brown, David C. Jackson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Increased risk and pattern of secondary malignancies in patients with invasive extramammary Paget disease
Authors: A. Karam, O. Dorigo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is often associated with underlying or distant synchronous malignancies. The prognosis for affected patients is generally favourable; however, the risk of secondary malignancies is unknown.The goal of the study was to analyse the incidence, prognosis and pattern of secondary malignancies for patients with invasive EMPD using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program.We searched the SEER Program database for patients diagnosed with invasive EMPD between 1973 and 2008. Demographic data, outcome and secondary malignancies more than 1 year after the initial diagnosis of invasive EMPD were included in the analysis. We calculated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and estimated the excess absolute risk (EAR) per 10,000 person-years (PY).There were 1439 patients who were diagnosed with invasive EMPD. Most patients (80.4%) had localized disease, while 17.1% had locoregional spread and 2.5% presented with distant disease. The SIR for secondary malignancies in patients with invasive EMPD was significantly elevated with an EAR of 97.4 additional malignancies per 10,000 PY. The excess risk was mostly due to a significantly increased incidence of colorectal and anal malignancies. The initial site of disease predicted the site of the secondary malignancies, with patients with colorectal, anal, vulvar and scrotal disease showing an increased risk of colorectal, anal, vulvar and scrotal malignancies, respectively.Our study identified a long-term increased risk of developing secondary malignancies in patients with invasive EMPD that are mainly related to the site of origin of this disease. Patients with invasive EMPD require prolonged follow-up and screening for these malignancies.
Evaluation of Leukocyte Chemotaxis In Vitro in Thermally Injured Patients
Authors: Glenn D. Warden, Arthur D. Mason, Basil A. Pruitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro was studied by a modification of the Boyden technic in 46 thermally injured patients. All patients demonstrated a decrease in leukocyte migration through a Nuclepore filter toward a standard casein-serum chemotactic agent. Leukocyte chemotaxis was inversely correlated with burn size during the first 72 h after injury. After 72 h, leukocyte chemotaxis directly correlated with clinical status and was highly predictive for ultimate mortality. Since mortality was largely due to infection, these findings suggest that suppression of leukocyte chemotaxis may explain the susceptibility to opportunistic infection in thermally injured patients.
<i>In Vivo</i> Diagnosis of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Using Oblique Incidence Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometry
Authors: Alejandro Garcia-Uribe, Jun Zou, Madeleine Duvic, Jeong Hee Cho-Vega, Victor G. Prieto, Lihong V. Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Early detection and treatment of skin cancer can significantly improve patient outcome. However, present standards for diagnosis require biopsy and histopathologic examinations that are relatively invasive, expensive, and difficult for patients with many early-stage lesions. Here, we show an oblique incidence diffuse reflectance spectroscopic (OIDRS) system that can be used for rapid skin cancer detection in vivo. This system was tested under clinical conditions by obtaining spectra from pigmented and nonpigmented skin lesions, including melanomas, differently staged dysplastic nevi, and common nevi that were validated by standard pathohistologic criteria. For diagnosis of pigmented melanoma, the data obtained achieved 90% sensitivity and specificity for a blinded test set. In a second analysis, we showed that this spectroscopy system can also differentiate nonpigmented basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas from noncancerous skin abnormalities, such as actinic keratoses and seborrheic keratoses, achieving 92% sensitivity and specificity. Taken together, our findings establish how OIDRS can be used to more rapidly and easily diagnose skin cancer in an accurate and automated manner in the clinic.
The health risks of the UK's new asylum act
Authors: J. Connelly, M. Schweiger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

OBJECTIVES: Cervical spine disorders are common in the older population. The paravertebral muscles are essential to the support and stabilisation of the cervical spine but have been little studied. The aim was to determine whether pathological changes develop in these muscles in patients with severe cervical spine disease, which, if present, might contribute to the pathogenesis and symptomatology of their disorder. METHODS: Open biopsies of superficial and deep paravertebral muscles were obtained during the course of surgical procedures to alleviate cervical myelopathy. Most of these patients had cervical spondylosis or rheumatoid arthritis involving the cervical spine. The biopsies were compared with muscle obtained at necropsy from patients without a history of cervical spine or neuromuscular disorder. RESULTS: Muscle from both the study and control groups showed a similar range and severity of abnormalities. In several patients, grouped fibre atrophy suggested chronic partial denervation. Most biopsies showed type 1 fibre predominance and selective type 2 fibre atrophy. Ragged red fibres were a frequent finding and electron microscopy disclosed accumulations of mitochondria, a small proportion of which contained rounded, or longitudinally oriented, single osmiophilic inclusions. Fibres containing core-like areas were also frequent. These pathological features were seen with increasing severity and frequency with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: The paravertebral cervical muscles develop pathological abnormalities with increasing age with both neurogenic and myopathic features, the pathogenesis of which is probably multifactorial. Such a muscle disorder would be expected to be accompanied by functional impairment which may contribute to the development and symptomatology of cervical spine disease with increasing age.
PNEUMONOCONIOSIS ENCOUNTERED IN BITUMINOUS COAL MINERS
Authors: R. HAROLD JONES
Journal: JAMA (1942)

For many years silicosis has been accepted as a definite clinical entity occurring in workers exposed to siliceous dust in various mining occupations. Anthracosilicosis in employees of anthracite mines has long been recognized, but one is surprised at the paucity of mention in medical literature of nodular or fibrotic pulmonary changes in bituminous coal miners. It is a well known fact that dusts, both organic and inorganic, are present in variable concentrations in the mining and preparation of bituminous coal. Gardner<sup>1</sup>in 1938, in the evaluation of irritating effects of various minerals on the tissue of experimental animals, demonstrated that bituminous coal dust was irritating as well as anthracite dust. Cummins and Sladden<sup>2</sup>in 1930 concluded that anthracosis was not a simple condition, as thought by many, but was a form of pulmonary fibrosis, usually due to an associated silicosis. Clark and Moffett,<sup>3</sup>in a recent study
Stopping Metastases at Their Source
Authors: Samuel Hellman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In this issue of the Journal, two papers address the role of radiation therapy in patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. These prospective, randomized trials from Denmark1 and Canada2 present 15-year results. Although this long follow-up is necessary for a proper evaluation, the question the studies ask and the results they present must be interpreted in terms of the current practice of breast-cancer management. Stating the purpose of the studies explicitly is useful, but to appreciate the implications of the results fully we need to consider the hypotheses of tumor pathogenesis that underlie the therapeutic maneuvers being tested. . . .
A Clinical Lecture on a Case of Vegetative Aortic Valvulitis which Proved Fatal by Embolism, Aneurysm, and Rupture of the Left Profunda Femoris Artery
Authors: D. Duckworth
Journal: BMJ (1890)

acid, trace of albumen.March 18th.Sadden pain in left knee yesterday, lost again in the evening.To-day slight dull pain along inner part of thigh.No cedema of leg.To inner side of femoral artery a cord felt (? thrombus internal saphena vein).Some streaks of blood coughed up.March 19th.Increased pain last night down left thigh.Tem- perature 1010.Heart apex rather farther out, 11 inch outside nipple line.March 24th.Nightly pain in left thigh, better during the day.No cedema of leg.On auscultating femoral artery the shock of the pulse is followed by short bruit.March 26th.More pain last night.The double murmur is heard more plainly at the apex, conducted there from the right base.Palse 88.Temperature not high since the 19th.April 2nd.Pains had continued, but had been less in severity.Heart-apex only half an ineb outside nipple line. (The spleen was felt one day about this date.)Scarcely any pains in leg.No cord felt.Pulse 92, regular.
The National Economic Burden of Cancer: An Update
Authors: M. L. Brown
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article The National Economic Burden of Cancer: An Update Get access Martin L. Brown Martin L. Brown * Applied Research Branch, Surveillance Program, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md * Correspondence to: Martin Brown, PhD, Executive Plaza North, Room 313, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 23, 5 December 1990, Pages 1811–1814, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.23.1811 Published: 05 December 1990 Article history Received: 12 July 1990 Revision received: 13 September 1990 Accepted: 25 September 1990 Published: 05 December 1990
Parental Leave Policies for Faculty in U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Jeane Ann Grisso, Leslie Hansen, Inge Zelling, Janet Bickel, John M. Eisenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To assess medical school policies for maternity and other parental leaves as well as related opportunities for part-time employment, flexibility in tenure systems, and the availability of child care centers. Design: Cross-sectional survey of all 127 U.S. medical schools based on telephone interviews and review of faculty handbooks. Measurements and Main Results: Ninety-three percent of medical schools responded. Twenty-two percent of medical schools have no written guidelines for maternity leave, 45% categorize maternity leave as a form of sick or disability leave, and only 34% have developed specific policies. Most schools (61%) require that maternity leave be taken from allotted sick days or from vacation days (or from both) for women to obtain salary support. The time available from sick and vacation leave averages 6.8 weeks. Although 72% of schools make allowances in the tenure probationary period for extended leaves of absence, few have developed specific provisions for childbearing or childrearing. Finally, 18% of medical schools have child care facilities. Conclusions: Considerable work is needed to develop adequate support for faculty members who are parents. Recommendations include developing specific parental leave policies and flexible tenure systems and providing adequate child care facilities.
Biologically active core/shell nanoparticles self-assembled from cholesterol-terminated PEG–TAT for drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Lihong Liu, Kun Guo, Jia Lu, Subbu S. Venkatraman, Dan Luo, Kian Chye Ng, Eng-Ang Ling, Shabbir Moochhala, Yi-Yan Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Pimecrolimus cream 1% vs. betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1% cream in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis. A randomized open-label clinical trial
Authors: D. Rigopoulos, D. Ioannides, D. Kalogeromitros, S. Gregoriou, A. Katsambas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Pimecrolimus cream 1% vs. betamethasone 17‐valerate 0·1% cream in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis. A randomized open‐label clinical trial Get access D. Rigopoulos, D. Rigopoulos National University of Athens Medical School, A. Syrgos Hospital, Athens, Greece *Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece D.Rigopoulos. E‐mail: drigop@hol.gr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Ioannides, D. Ioannides National University of Athens Medical School, A. Syrgos Hospital, Athens, Greece *Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Kalogeromitros, D. Kalogeromitros National University of Athens Medical School, A. Syrgos Hospital, Athens, Greece *Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Gregoriou, S. Gregoriou National University of Athens Medical School, A. Syrgos Hospital, Athens, Greece *Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Katsambas A. Katsambas National University of Athens Medical School, A. Syrgos Hospital, Athens, Greece *Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 5, 1 November 2004, Pages 1071–1075, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06208.x Published: 01 November 2004 Article history Accepted: 11 April 2004 Published: 01 November 2004
Case 9-1992
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, M.J. Semigran, J.T. Fallon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Presentation of CaseA 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for electrophysiologic studies because of ventricular tachycardia.There was a long history of a bipolar affective disorder that was managed with haloperidol and benztropine. The patient was well in other respects until 10 days earlier, when vomiting and diarrhea developed in her and several of her relatives.Four days later the patient entered another hospital because of increasing fatigue, dyspnea, and epigastric pain. On physical examination the blood pressure was 87/54 mm Hg and the heart rate was 220. An electrocardiogram showed a wide-complex tachyarrhythmia with a morphologic pattern . . .
Transcriptomic correlates of organ failure extent in sepsis
Authors: Raquel Almansa, María Heredia-Rodríguez, Esther Gomez-Sanchez, David Andaluz-Ojeda, Verónica Iglesias, Lucia Rico, Alicia Ortega, Estefanía Gomez-Pesquera, Pilar Liu, Marta Aragón, Jose Maria Eiros, Maria Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa, Salvador Resino, Ignacio Gómez-Herreras, Jesús F. Bermejo-Martín, Eduardo Tamayo
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Spontaneous Rupture of the Stomach
Authors: R. Rejthar
Journal: BMJ (1952)

vein before 500 ml.had been administered, and, as bowel sounds were then audible, no further intravenous fluid was given.The bowels acted after a glycerin suppository on September 14 and naturally on the 16th.In view of the risk to other patients in the ward he was transferred back to the sanatorium the next day.His cough then appeared no worse than before his operation.On January 3, 1952, his chest condition remained unchanged and he has had no further abdominal symptoms.Dr. M. Symons reports as follows on the specimen: "Approximately 100 cm. of small intestine, purple in colour, and containing a foul-smelling mixture of blood and faeces.At the centre there is a hole in the mesentery, through which loops of gut from above and below have passed in opposite directions.On the gut side of the hole are a number of large hard lymph nodes.Microscopically the mesentery shows extensive haemorrhage into loose connective tissue: it contains lymph nodes which are almost entirely replaced by hard tubercles with no caseation."Comment.-Gangrene of the bowel appears to be un- common in transmesenteric hemia, and I am not aware of a previously reported case in which the hemial orifice was available for histological examination.I am indebted to Mr.
Prognostic implications of chromosomal findings in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at diagnosis.
Authors: L M Secker-Walker, S D Lawler, R M Hardisty
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Chromosomes were studied on diagnostic bone-marrow samples from 39 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The patients were classified, according to the chromosomal characteristics of the major proportion of their leukaemia cells, into five categories; hyperdiploid, pseudodiploid, diploid, hypodiploid, and mixed. Patients in the hyperdiploid category had significantly longer first remissions than those in all other categories, and those in the pseudodiploid category had the shortest. Neither the absence of any normal cells nor the presence of detectable clones appeared to be an adverse feature. We suggest that the proportion of hyperdiploid cells, determined by conventional chromosomal staining techniques, may be used as an additional prognostic feature in childhood ALL.
A pinch of salts
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Small details in novels can sometimes evoke a chain of memories. For example, when I read of the smelling salts of Miss Doggett, the elderly spinster in Barbara Pym’s novel Crampton Hodnet (the last of her novels to be published but among the first to be written), I could not but recall my grandmother.

My memories of her, I must admit, are indistinct, because she died when I was very young, and consist of an almost random concatenation of her characteristics. She wore a fur stole that ended at one end in a bouquet of tails and at the other in a medusoid mass of heads with glass eyes. …