tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of angiogenic factor overexpression by human and rodent cholangiocytes in polycystic liver diseases
Authors: Luca Fabris, Massimiliano Cadamuro, Romina Fiorotto, Tania Roskams, Carlo Spirlì, Saida Melero, Aurelio Sonzogni, Ruth E. Joplin, Lajos Okolicsanyi, Mario Strazzabosco
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Liver involvement in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by altered remodeling of the embryonic ductal plate (DP) with presence of biliary cysts and aberrant portal vasculature. The genetic defect causing ADPKD has been identified, but mechanisms of liver cyst growth remain uncertain. To investigate the possible role of angiogenic mechanisms, we have studied the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin–1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and their receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, Tie-2) in ADPKD, Caroli's disease, normal and fetal livers. In ADPKD and control livers Ang-1 and Ang-2 gene expression was studied by real-time-PCR. Effects of VEGF on cholangiocyte proliferation were studied by PCNA Western Blot in isolated rat cholangiocytes and by MTS assay in cultured cholangiocytes isolated from ADPKD patients and from an ADPKD mouse model (Pkd2WS25/−). Cholangiocytes were strongly positive for VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and Ang-2 in ADPKD and Caroli, and also for Ang-1 and Tie-2 in ADPKD, similar to fetal ductal plate cells. VEGF stimulated proliferation in both normal and ADPKD cholangiocytes, but the effect was particularly evident in the latter. Ang-1 alone had no effect, but was synergic to VEGF. VEGF expression on cholangiocytes positively correlated with microvascular density. In conclusion , consistent with the immature phenotype of the cystic epithelium, expression of VEGF, VEGFRs, Ang-1 and Tie-2 is strongly upregulated in cholangiocytes from polycystic liver diseases. VEGF and Ang-1 have autocrine proliferative effect on cholangiocyte growth and paracrine effect on portal vasculature, thus promoting the growth of the cysts and their vascular supply. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website ( http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html ). (Hepatology 2006;43:1001–1012.)
A Model for the Roll-Out of Comprehensive Adult Male Circumcision Services in African Low-Income Settings of High HIV Incidence: The ANRS 12126 Bophelo Pele Project
Authors: Pascale Lissouba, Dirk Taljaard, Dino Rech, Sean Doyle, Daniel Shabangu, Cynthia Nhlapo, Josephine Otchere-Darko, Thabo Mashigo, Caitlin Matson, David Lewis, Scott Billy, Bertran Auvert
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background World Health Organization (WHO)/Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) has recommended adult male circumcision (AMC) for the prevention of heterosexually acquired HIV infection in men from communities where HIV is hyperendemic and AMC prevalence is low. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the roll-out of medicalized AMC according to UNAIDS/WHO operational guidelines in a targeted African setting. Methods and Findings The ANRS 12126 "Bophelo Pele" project was implemented in 2008 in the township of Orange Farm (South Africa). It became functional in 5 mo once local and ethical authorizations were obtained. Project activities involved community mobilization and outreach, as well as communication approaches aimed at both men and women incorporating broader HIV prevention strategies and promoting sexual health. Free medicalized AMC was offered to male residents aged 15 y and over at the project's main center, which had been designed for low-income settings. Through the establishment of an innovative surgical organization, up to 150 AMCs under local anesthesia, with sterilized circumcision disposable kits and electrocautery, could be performed per day by three task-sharing teams of one medical circumciser and five nurses. Community support for the project was high. As of November 2009, 14,011 men had been circumcised, averaging 740 per month in the past 12 mo, and 27.5% of project participants agreed to be tested for HIV. The rate of adverse events, none of which resulted in permanent damage or death, was 1.8%. Most of the men surveyed (92%) rated the services provided positively. An estimated 39.1% of adult uncircumcised male residents have undergone surgery and uptake is steadily increasing. Conclusion This study demonstrates that a quality AMC roll-out adapted to African low-income settings is feasible and can be implemented quickly and safely according to international guidelines. The project can be a model for the scale-up of comprehensive AMC services, which could be tailored for other rural and urban communities of high HIV prevalence and low AMC rates in Eastern and Southern Africa. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Research Ethics Boards: Reply from Ezekiel Emanuel
Authors: Ezekiel J Emanuel
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Joal HillI read with interest the debate about for-profi t versus non-profi t institutional review boards (IRBs) [1], but was disappointed that no one addressed the ability (or inability) of for-profi t IRBs to review studies with the local context of research subjects in mind and then monitor what actually occurs during the consent process throughout the research trial.To my mind the "bigness" of for-profi t IRBs may be more of an impediment in protecting research subjects than their inherent confl ict of interest.Our IRB has reviewed consent forms approved by central/for-profi t IRBs that contained obvious errors such as schemas that did not match protocol narrative and use of eight point font in a study of geriatric subjects.Even when the initial review is outstanding, it seems a practical impossibility for a single IRB to provide meaningful monitoring of the actual consent process and implementation of the protocol at sites throughout the country.The greater "effi ciency" of for-profi t IRBs is only a meaningful benefi t if increased speed can be shown not to occur at the expense of careful review of consent forms, real understanding of the local research context, and a commitment to audit the informed consent process throughout the study for the protection of research subjects, including ongoing education and advice for researchers and their teams.This is not to say that all local IRBs perform this function as they should, but it does seem almost impossible for one IRB to perform local review and oversight for research sites around the nation in a way that really makes a difference for the men, women, and children who give of their time and their bodies so that society can benefi t.
Effect of Eritoran, an Antagonist of MD2-TLR4, on Mortality in Patients With Severe Sepsis
Authors: Steven M. Opal, Pierre-Francois Laterre, Bruno Francois, Steven P. LaRosa, Derek C. Angus, Jean-Paul Mira, Xavier Wittebole, Thierry Dugernier, Dominique Perrotin, Mark Tidswell, Luis Jauregui, Kenneth Krell, Jan Pachl, Takeshi Takahashi, Claus Peckelsen, Edward Cordasco, Chia-Sheng Chang, Sandra Oeyen, Naoki Aikawa, Tatsuya Maruyama, Roland Schein, Andre C. Kalil, Marc Van Nuffelen, Melvyn Lynn, Daniel P. Rossignol, Jagadish Gogate, Mary B. Roberts, Janice L. Wheeler, Jean-Louis Vincent, for the ACCESS Study Group
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Eritoran is a synthetic lipid A antagonist that blocks lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from binding at the cell surface MD2-TLR4 receptor. LPS is a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and is a potent activator of the acute inflammatory response.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine if eritoran, a TLR4 antagonist, would significantly reduce sepsis-induced mortality.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational phase 3 trial in 197 intensive care units. Patients were enrolled from June 2006 to September 2010 and final follow-up was completed in September 2011.<h3>Interventions</h3>Patients with severe sepsis (n = 1961) were randomized and treated within 12 hours of onset of first organ dysfunction in a 2:1 ratio with a 6-day course of either eritoran tetrasodium (105 mg total) or placebo, with n = 1304 and n = 657 patients, respectively.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>The primary end point was 28-day all-cause mortality. The secondary end points were all-cause mortality at 3, 6, and 12 months after beginning treatment.<h3>Results</h3>Baseline characteristics of the 2 study groups were similar. In the modified intent-to-treat analysis (randomized patients who received at least 1 dose) there was no significant difference in the primary end point of 28-day all-cause mortality with 28.1% (366/1304) in the eritoran group vs 26.9% (177/657) in the placebo group (P = .59; hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.88-1.26; difference in mortality rate, −1.1; 95% CI, −5.3 to 3.1) or in the key secondary end point of 1-year all-cause mortality with 44.1% (290/657) in the eritoran group vs 43.3% (565/1304) in the placebo group, Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to death by 1 year, P = .79 (hazard ratio, 0.98; 0.85-1.13). No significant differences were observed in any of the prespecified subgroups. Adverse events, including secondary infection rates, did not differ between study groups.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Among patients with severe sepsis, the use of eritoran, compared with placebo, did not result in reduced 28-day mortality.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00334828
LAVAGE OF THE STOMACH AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF HABITUAL CONSTIPATION. A PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Authors: C. D. SPIVAK
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The application of remedial measures to one healthy organ for the relief of diseased conditions in another organ has been practiced from times immemorial. Counterirritation is probably the prototype of all such procedures. Dr. Fenton B. Turck, Chicago, has recently reported the results of his experiments in the treatment of diseases of the intra-abdominal viscera through the colon. The washing of the bowel for the relief of various acute disturbances of the stomach and other organs is a measure used not alone by physicians, but by almost every mother all over the world. Does the washing of the stomach have any influence upon the relief of intestinal disturbances? The answer is in the affirmative. Lavage of the stomach is indicated as a therapeutic measure in the following intestinal disorders: 1. Constipation due to excessive acidity of the stomach. 2. Constipation due to gastric atony. 3. Diarrhea resulting from excessive production
Blindness Increasing in Aging
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Paecilomyces varioti pneumonia complicating hairy cell leukaemia.
Authors: F M Dharmasena, G S Davies, D Catovsky
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Une observation chez une femme de 64 ans. Les infections sont des complications frequentes dans la leucemie lymphohistiocytaire, mais c'est la premiere fois qu'une pneumopathie due a Paecilomyces varioti est publiee
Standardized or Unstandardized Stress?
Authors: Jules Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A query about types of exercise tests which may be used in the work-up of patients who are "somewhat crippled" was answered by Drs. Isadore Rosenfeld and Samuel Bellet, in the Jan 11 issue ofThe Journal(<b>187</b>:162). The authors suggested, among other things, studying "crippled subjects... while they are actually engaged in some<i>usual</i>activity which characteristically causes the chest pain or discomfort...." (Rosenfeld) or utilizing "other forms of exercise which the patient can perform with comfort.... They may include walking steps, riding a bicycle, squatting.... The amount of exercise performed and the rapidity of performance should be tailored for the individual case." (Bellet). These suggestions are strongly reminiscent of advice given by Scherf for the last three decades. Scherf and Schaffer<sup>1</sup>and more recently Scherf<sup>2</sup>noted that a test standardized according to age, sex, and weight of the patient is illogical and
Metabolic abnormalities in children of non-insulin dependent diabetics.
Authors: R D Leslie, H P Volkmann, M Poncher, I Hanning, H Orskov, K G Alberti
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Non-insulin dependent diabetes appears to be an inherited condition. A study of young offspring of non-insulin dependent diabetics was conducted to determine whether metabolic abnormalities could be found at a young age before clinical diabetes developed. Thirteen patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes were selected who fulfilled the following criteria: they had a sibling who also had non-insulin dependent diabetes, their spouse was non-diabetic, and the offspring were aged between 12 and 45 years, not diabetic, and available for study. All 32 offspring had a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and results in 13 of them, one randomly selected from each family, were compared with 13 controls of similar age, sex, and weight. The offspring had significantly higher fasting concentrations of glucose, higher proportions of haemoglobin A1, and higher concentrations of insulin, C peptide, and glucagon. After glucose challenge the increases in both glucose and C peptide concentrations were significantly greater in the offspring. These differences were maintained in all 32 offspring when compared with 18 controls of similar age, sex, and weight; seven of the 32 offspring had impaired glucose tolerance. These results indicate that young offspring of selected non-insulin dependent diabetics can show extensive metabolic changes including impaired glucose tolerance. These changes are associated with hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglucagonaemia.
955 PRECLINICAL POTENCY, PHARMACOKINETIC AND ADME CHARACTERIZATION OF ABT-333, A NOVEL NON-NUCLEOSIDE HCV POLYMERASE INHIBITOR
Authors: C. Maring, R. Wagner, D. Hutchinson, C. Flentge, W. Kati, G. Koev, Y. Liu, D. Beno, J. Shen, Y.Y. Lau, Y. Gao, J. Fischer, S. Vaidyanathan, B.H. Lim, J. Beyer, R. Mondal, A. Molla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
IN TIMES OF STRESS
Authors: M. C. PINCOFFS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Editorial1 June 1941IN TIMES OF STRESSM. C. PINCOFFSM. C. PINCOFFSSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-12-2316 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis is a period in our history as a nation when the great winds of change are blowing and we must each play a part in seeing that it is the chaff only which is carried away and that we retain the sound truths by which our form of society lives. The physician especially should by his training and his experience be fitted to comprehend that there are values which are permanently a part of the human organism and that any plan for society which contravenes these built-in beliefs of the human race can succeed only for the brief duration... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1941Volume 14, Issue 12Page: 2316-2317KeywordsRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...
Neurological, visual, and MRI brain scan findings in 87 South African patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Authors: A. Loyse, A. Moodley, P. Rich, S.F. Molloy, T. Bicanic, L. Bishop, W.I.D. Rae, A.I. Bhigjee, N.D. Loubser, A.J. Michowicz, D. Wilson, T.S. Harrison
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Prospects for Autoimmune Disease
Authors: William J. Koopman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease associated with progressive destruction of diarthrodial joints, substantial morbidity and economic burden, and a shortened lifespan. Significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of RA, and increasingly effective therapies have been introduced, including anti–tumor necrosis factor α agents. Advances made in the past quarter century will pale in comparison to those anticipated for the next 25 years, including delineation of the genetic basis of disease susceptibility and severity, genetic definition of disease subtypes that differ in severity and response to therapy, and prompt initiation of effective individualized treatment based on genetic and environmental assessment. Reconstructive surgery will become increasingly unnecessary and the morbidity, economic burden, and mortality due to RA will be reduced substantially.
Multiple sclerosis: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: M. Perry, S. Swain, S. Kemmis-Betty, P. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of serious physical disability in working age adults and affects over 100 000 people in the United Kingdom.1 It causes a range of symptoms and disability and requires a broad multidisciplinary approach. A 2008 report, however, suggested delays and limited access to specialist services for affected people.2 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).3 The guideline scope does not include disease modifying drugs as these have been covered in other NICE guidance. NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the guideline development group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italics in square brackets. ### Diagnosing multiple sclerosis View this table: McDonald criteria4 for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Bacillary angiomatosis in HIV-infected patients: report of three cases with different clinical courses and identification of Rochalimaea quintana as the aetiological agent
Authors: H. BACHELEZ, E. OKSENHENDLER, C. LEBBE, C. DAUGA, L. PINQUIER, C. MAINGUENE, J.P. CLAUVEL, P.A.D. GRIMONT, P. MOREL, L. DUBERTRET, G. ARLET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Three cases of cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis in HIV‐infected patients are reportcd. They differed proloundly with respeet to the extent of the lesions and the clinical course. In two cases, Rochtilinuiea quintana was identitied by direct scqucncing of the DNA ampliflcd with the polymerase chaiti reaction (PCR). whereas an easy, rapid method hased on the restriction length of polymorphisin analysis of PCR products (PCR‐RFLP) was used in the third case. This report illustrates the varialions in clinical presentations and evolutivc protiles in patients with baciltary angiomatosis, and contirms the causal role of R. quintana in this disease.
Drug Dosage for Infants and Children
Authors: Harry C. Shirkey
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dosage is the heart of drug therapy. It is therapy in action. Right or wrong, it is the final expression of diagnostic and therapeutic acumen. Many factors, including absorption, distribution, storage, degradation, conjugation, and excretion, contribute to correct dosage, and marked differences in these factors exist in the various age groups. Yet, for many years, children's dosages have, for the most part, been poorly derived as fractions of adult doses. Ideally, the best dose is the minimal quantity that produces the desired effect without causing adverse reactions. Unfortunately, adverse reactions are an inevitable part of the total effect of a drug; however, they can be minimized by correct dosage. <i>The United States Pharmacopeia</i><sup>1</sup>and the<i>National Formulary</i><sup>2</sup>define the<i>usual dose</i>as "that which may be expected ordinarily to produce in adults, following oral administration at such time intervals as may be specified, the therapeutic effect for which the
Effects of Care Coordination on Hospitalization, Quality of Care, and Health Care Expenditures Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Deborah Peikes, Arnold Chen, Jennifer Schore, Randall Brown
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Medicare expenditures of patients with chronic illnesses might be reduced through improvements in care, patient adherence, and communication.To determine whether care coordination programs reduced hospitalizations and Medicare expenditures and improved quality of care for chronically ill Medicare beneficiaries.Eligible fee-for-service Medicare patients (primarily with congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and diabetes) who volunteered to participate between April 2002 and June 2005 in 15 care coordination programs (each received a negotiated monthly fee per patient from Medicare) were randomly assigned to treatment or control (usual care) status. Hospitalizations, costs, and some quality-of-care outcomes were measured with claims data for 18 309 patients (n = 178 to 2657 per program) from patients' enrollment through June 2006. A patient survey 7 to 12 months after enrollment provided additional quality-of-care measures.Nurses provided patient education and monitoring (mostly via telephone) to improve adherence and ability to communicate with physicians. Patients were contacted twice per month on average; frequency varied widely.Hospitalizations, monthly Medicare expenditures, patient-reported and care process indicators.Thirteen of the 15 programs showed no significant (P<.05) differences in hospitalizations; however, Mercy had 0.168 fewer hospitalizations per person per year (90% confidence interval [CI], -0.283 to -0.054; 17% less than the control group mean, P=.02) and Charlestown had 0.118 more hospitalizations per person per year (90% CI, 0.025-0.210; 19% more than the control group mean, P=.04). None of the 15 programs generated net savings. Treatment group members in 3 programs (Health Quality Partners [HQP], Georgetown, Mercy) had monthly Medicare expenditures less than the control group by 9% to 14% (-$84; 90% CI, -$171 to $4; P=.12; -$358; 90% CI, -$934 to $218; P=.31; and -$112; 90% CI, -$231 to $8; P=.12; respectively). Savings offset fees for HQP and Georgetown but not for Mercy; Georgetown was too small to be sustainable. These programs had favorable effects on none of the adherence measures and only a few of many quality of care indicators examined.Viable care coordination programs without a strong transitional care component are unlikely to yield net Medicare savings. Programs with substantial in-person contact that target moderate to severe patients can be cost-neutral and improve some aspects of care.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00627029.
“Old-for-Old” Cadaveric Renal Transplantation: Surgical Findings, Perioperative Complications and Outcome
Authors: Markus Giessing, Klemens Budde, Lutz Fritsche, Torsten Slowinski, Ingolf Tuerk, Bernd Schoenberger, Hans-Helmut Neumayer, Stefan A. Loening
Journal: European Urology (2003)