tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factor VIII Inhibitor
Authors: F. Nour-Eldin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Waddell and colleagues<sup>1</sup>described the use of porcine factor VIII concentrate in a patient with factor VIII inhibitor. They gave in detail the disadvantages and complications of this material and prothrombin complex concentrates. I would like to mention that a blood fraction devoid of such drawbacks has recently been tested on hemophilic dogs.<sup>2</sup>This fraction, known as Bridge anticoagulant neutralizing agent (BANA), apart from increasing three-fold the level of injected factor VIII, acted directly on factor VIII inhibitor.<sup>2,3</sup> Prowse<sup>4</sup>calculated the amount of donor plasma required to produce sufficient material to neutralize 100 units of factor VIII bypassing activity in the case of two activated prothrombin complex concentrates and BANA. For FEIBA and Autoplex, 45 mL and 89 mL of plasma were needed, respectively. In the case of BANA, only 12.5 mL of plasma were required. In other words, the introduction of
The Treatment of Graves Disease
Authors: H. Taylor Caswell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The widespread use of radioactive iodine as a definitive treatment of Graves disease began approximately in 1950. Initial reports of excellent results with this agent and its ability to be used on outpatients casued it to be the preferred treatment, and it appeared to eliminate surgery in this disease.  In the same era, the long-term use of antithyroid drugs, in an effort to obtain permanent remission, was reported and recommended. Subsequently, evaluation of these two methods of treatment has revealed serious deficiencies.  Those patients treated with radioactive iodine frequently required multiple doses of the drug, resulting in prolongation of a serious illness, which was particularly disadvantageous in women in the childbearing time of their lives. It also became apparent that successful treatment with radioactive iodine was accompanied by a high incidence of hypothyroidism (45% to 70%), requiring lifetime thyroid replacement. 1 Attempts to use a lower dose
A SEDIMENTABLE COMPONENT OF ALLANTOIC FLUID AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO INFLUENZA VIRUSES
Authors: C. A. Knight
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

Macromolecular material was isolated from normal allantoic fluid by a centrifugation procedure comparable to that currently employed for the concentration and purification of influenza viruses. The yield of material was found to vary with the age of the embryo, reaching a maximum average value after 14 days of incubation at 39 degrees C. of about 0.02 mg. per ml. of allantoic fluid. The purified material was found to contain protein, carbohydrate, and lipid and to have a general composition similar to purified preparations of PR8 influenza virus. A typical preparation of normal material had an isoelectric point at pH 2.3. Sedimentation studies indicated that the normal material can give a variety of sedimentation constants depending upon the concentration and viscosity of the preparations. The sedimentation constant, corrected for viscosity, of the major component of a fresh preparation was 170 S. The diameters of the predominant particles shown in electron micrographs of the normal material and of preparations of PR8 influenza virus were about 40 and 100 mmicro, respectively. Serological tests indicated that the normal material is a good antigen and that preparations of both A and B types of influenza virus obtained from allantoic fluids by centrifugation show a strong serological relationship to the normal material. Freezing and thawing of allantoic fluid, and repeated adsorption of virus on red cells, failed to provide a practical basis for the separation of normal protein from the virus entity in the case of PR8 virus. In the cases of similar preparations of F12 and of Lee viruses, a partial separation of a small component was accomplished by fractional centrifugation and this component and the normal protein were shown to be identical or very closely related. Antiserum to the purified normal material inhibited red cell agglutination by A and B types of influenza virus at serum dilutions of 600 to 700, but failed to show significant neutralizing capacity in chick embryo and in mouse tests at a serum dilution of 100. Rabbit antiserum to purified preparations of PR8 virus gave a 50 per cent red cell agglutination inhibition endpoint at a serum dilution of 112,000. Some of the implications of the findings are discussed.
Endothelial Cells and the Biology of Factor VIII
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Eric A. Jaffe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Endothelial cells line the insides of arteries, veins, capillaries and lymphatics, usually in a layer one cell thick. These cells have important roles in physiologic hemostasis, in the permeability of blood vessels and in mediation of their response to a variety of physiologic and pathologic stimuli.1 Abnormalities in the structure and function of endothelial cells may contribute substantially to diseases of blood-vessel walls, particularly thrombosis and atherosclerosis.1 2 3 To study the role of endothelial cells in these and other important biologic phenomena, my colleagues and I developed methods for identification and long-term culture of human endothelial cells.1 At about the same . . .
Intravenous Anesthesia and Analgesia
Authors: Robert L. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1989)

As increasing numbers of intravenous anesthetics and adjuvants are becoming available, the authors of<i>Intravenous Anesthesia and Analgesia</i>have set out to summarize current knowledge in this field. Corssen, Reves, and Stanley each have formidable backgrounds in the use of intravenous agents in anesthesia. They present their text as one that will provide detailed information on agents and techniques to a wide variety of readers, from medical students through practicing anesthesiologists. The book's 16 chapters begin with the history of intravenous anesthesia and prospects for the future and proceed to cover narcotics, barbiturates, dissociative anesthesia, neuro-leptanesthesia, benzodiazepines, and some of the commonly used agents from Europe. The narcotic compounds are covered in four chapters. The first is a concise, well-referenced history of narcotics in anesthesia. The next chapter, on chemistry of narcotics, is a description of the endogenous opiate system and some structure activity relationships, directed toward the clinician. Chapter
CLEVELAND ACADEMY MEDICAL CARE PLAN
Authors: Charles S. Higley
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:—  Voluntary Health Insurance Plans developed and sponsored by county medical societies and tailored to fit local needs are an important cornerstone in the 12 point program of the American Medical Association. I would therefore like to report on a new plan developed by the Academy of Medicine of Cleveland, which went into effect about September 1 and which will provide complete medical care in hospitals to Cleveland families earning $5,000 a year or under, at a cost of less than 15 cents a day. A year of planning and preparation preceded the presentation of the plan for approval to academy active members, and it is interesting to note that 51% of the active members signed up to participate in the plan within 20 days after it was offered to them.  The Cleveland Academy Medical Care Plan is unusual from a legal standpoint. The individual physician who wishes
Use of Intravenous Urography
Authors: L. Kreel, A. Elton, R. Habershon, A. M. S. Mason, T. W. Meade
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Studies on 1,476 intravenous urographic examinations done in a 15-month period showed that the proportion of abnormal results varied widely-from 20% in patients with abdominal pain other than renal colic to 92% of those in prostatism. Patients with the strongest clinical evidence of haematuria were the most likely to have abnormal urograms, and to undergo cystoscopy with abnormal findings on this examination. All six patients with renal hypertension showed abnormalities other than on the urogram. Prior use of other tests may increase the effectiveness of urography.
False-Positive Uptake of FDG in Hepatic Sarcoidosis
Authors: Andrew N. Guglielmi, Benedict Y. Kim, Bohdan Bybel, Nancy Slifkin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Positron emission tomography (PET), with the use of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), has been shown to be useful in the evaluation of many tumors as a result of its high sensitivity and specificity. There are instances, however, in which false-positive FDG uptake can occur with inflammatory lesions or granulomatous diseases. In fact, false-positive mediastinal uptake in thoracic sarcoidosis has been well documented. We present a case of false-positive FDG uptake in the liver resulting from hepatic sarcoidosis. A 42-year-old, asymptomatic woman underwent a PET scan after a solitary pulmonary nodule was detected on a chest CT. The nodule in the left lower lobe on CT revealed no metabolic activity, but 2 lesions were found in the liver with SUVs in the range of 2.5 to 3.2. A subsequent MRI was not able to exclude malignancy. The liver lesions were surgically removed and found to be sarcoidosis.
In-group loyalty or out-group avoidance? Isolating the links between pathogens and in-group assortative sociality
Authors: Elizabeth Cashdan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

The target article gives two explanations for the correlation between pathogens, family ties, and religiosity: one highlights the benefits of xenophobic attitudes for reducing pathogen exposure, the other highlights the benefits of ethnic loyalty for mitigating the costs when a person falls ill. Preliminary data from traditional societies provide some support for the former explanation but not the latter.
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Marfan's Syndrome
Authors: P. Cannon
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MEDICALJOURNALtreatment with azathioprine (Imuran), but after a month, because of gastric intolerance, we were compelled to stop its administration.At the beginning of September 1965 6-thioguanine (Thioguan) was given together with prednisone four days a week.After a very low initial dosage of 6-thioguanine (1 mg./kg.per day) the
Commentary: Toughen up
Authors: J. Freedland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Most readers of the BMJ will, I’m sure, be stunned by the revelations in Karl Sabbagh’s article (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2066). A deluge of nearly 1000 hostile emails will strike most as the stuff of nightmares. The language of some of those missives—abusive and bigoted—will have seemed truly shocking.

But for journalists, especially those in the opinion business, there were few shocks in Sabbagh’s essay. They have come to learn that in today’s wired world, wading into any topic of controversy—not just Israel-Palestine—can bring an instant email bombardment. It simply comes with the territory.

So when I wrote in the Guardian during the US election campaign that the world’s verdict would be harsh if Americans were to reject Barack Obama in favour of John McCain, I received what I estimate were between 3000 and 4000 emails. At one point, they were arriving at the rate of 10 a minute.

Many of these were just as vicious and ugly as those received by the BMJ in 2004. A random dip into the inbox produces this treasure from Middlesex, North Carolina: “As a proud American I can’t think of a nicer way to say this to you: Go Fuck Yourself.” Equally reflective, this from bioguy777: “I love it! A pansy-ass limey Brit begs the US to do his bidding while his own country slips further towards total Islamic rule. We’re electing McCain, and the rest of the world can piss up a rope if they don’t like it. 1776, BITCH!”

These messages were coordinated. It turns out that several rightwing …
STUDIES IN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Harold Kniest Faber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. Diphtheria toxin of known strength, injected intravenously into rabbits in single doses, produces lesions which are first evident in the endothelium of the tufts, and possibly in the intertubular capillaries. 2. The lesions of greatest severity with medium doses are also found in the tufts. 3. Evidence is presented to show that epithelial damage in the tufts and especially in the tubules is secondary to the vascular injury. 4. The severity of the lesions was roughly proportional to the amount of toxin injected. Hemorrhages did not occur with doses of less than 0.0023 cc. of toxin per kilo of body weight and were not extensive with doses of less than 0.004 cc. per kilo. 5. It is suggested that the localization of lesions in the tufts is due to the concentration of toxin in the blood that follows the loss of water at this point. 6. It is further suggested that this inference may be extended to explain the pathogenesis of the so called intracapillary form of glomerulonephritis.
Lack of warnings over flu may have led to more deaths in year after pandemic, say experts
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The decision of the United Kingdom’s coalition government to cancel the traditional publicity campaign about the dangers of flu the year after the H1N1 pandemic in 2009-10 is likely to have contributed to a rise in numbers of deaths and admissions to hospital the following year, researchers say.

The only “notable difference” between the pandemic year of 2009-10 and the year immediately after was the action of the government, say investigators, one of whom is Liam Donaldson, the chief medical officer for England in the first year of the pandemic, who stepped down from the post when the coalition came to power in May 2010. They describe the government’s approach to flu that year as “laissez-faire,” particularly the cancellation of the public awareness campaign by the health secretary for England, Andrew Lansley.

Their analysis of flu activity in England, published in Eurosurveillance (2012;17:pii=20139; www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20139), shows that during the winter of 2010-11 …
GASTRIC SECRETORY DISTURBANCES
Authors: E. L. EGGLESTON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

For many years, gastric analysis has been a procedure utilized by physicians as an aid in the diagnosis of gastric disorders. Introduced to the profession in a practical way about 1870, it has been used more or less generally ever since. In its early history the analysis was not extensive, aiming chiefly to determine the degree of acidity. Later, attention was also given to the estimation of pepsin or peptic activity. Somewhat later, more extensive analyses were made, of which that of Hayem and Winters is typical, but they were not practical, and except in the more completely equipped laboratories could not be satisfactorily made. Following this, the tendency was toward simplification, until the only result of the analysis considered by the clinician was the degree of total and free acidity at about one hour following the injection of the test meal. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were largely neglected. Very
Fundamental Techniques of Plastic Surgery and Their Surgical Applications
Authors: Louis T. Byars
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This book is largely concerned with techniques of soft tissue repair. It is the author's intention to supply guidance to the surgeon who must apply the methods of plastic surgery to the many problems encountered in any surgical practice. He does this by dividing the book into a section of basic techniques followed by a section on the application of these to situations likely to be encountered. The procedures described are those the author prefers. The material is presented in a clear and simple manner and is well organized and adequately illustrated. This book is not intended for the trained plastic surgeon. The surgeon in training or engaged in the practice of any other field of surgery should find much here that can be useful in the management of his everyday problems. In the preface the author states clearly what he is attempting to do. In the text he ably
The Hopelessly Insane.
Authors: Richard Dewey
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Wauwatosa, Wis., July 13, 1899. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Your journal does me an injustice in reporting a paper (Journal, xxxii, p. 105) read by me on "Contagion and Infection in Nervous and Mental Diseases," at the late meeting of the American Medico-Psychological Association in New York. Your words are, "Incidentally he advocated the somewhat radical measure of judicially ending the lives of the hopelessly insane." It would scarcely be necessary to explain that this was an error to those versed in these matters, but as many readers may be misled, I wish to say that in my paper I proposed to inquire whether various radical measures frequently advocated, among them electrocution for incurable insane, castration, etc., were practicable measures and the conclusion at which I arrived, distinctly given in my paper, was that such measures were not practicable. Please make this correction and oblige, Yours truly,
Double first in Wales
Authors: J. C Catford, R. Parish
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Cranial pachymeningitis is a poorly understood syndrome, defined by leptomeningeal thickening and typical gadolinium enhanced MRI. The heterogeneous clinical and aetiological features of five patients with both focal and diffuse pachymeningitis are presented. The initial symptoms included headache (n=3), sensory Jackson seizures (n=1), hemiparesis (n=1), episodes of short lasting hemiataxia (n=1), hemihypaesthesia (n=1), aphasia (n=1) and confusion (n=2). MRI scans revealed focal (n=3) or diffuse (n=2) leptomeningeal gadolinium enhancement and cortical swelling (n=4). In addition, one case presented with a subarachnoid and a second with an intracerebral haemorraghe. CSF findings were variable and showed clear lymphomonocytic pleocytosis in 3/5 cases. Infectious diseases were extensively excluded in all cases. Leptomeningeal biopsies of two cases revealed perivascular inflammation, indicating central nervous system vasculitis. In the cases presented, pachymeningitis was caused by primary central nervous system vasculitis (n=2) and rheumatoid arthritis (n=2). In one case, the cause remained unclear.
THE TUBERCULIN TREATMENT OF ASTHMA
Authors: J. Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1930)

M1DlUAL J'oU;R'.L pa i across tle hack.LutIbaco wa's tlae obvious diagnosis; but atfter six weeks, though eaieri the paii wvas still there, a 1dl 110 1i'le of nea1 inent gaiv any pei m'aneiit relief.The wVeeIks becallle h')1lth[S;, an)1d thke f vlete:r passed into the sc oiid.Tlhe fill, 1 months ay axe beenv intresting * liifis.icllthey-we-r1e pailnftul io w-atehI, and emplhasized >li l sele;S.ales-sto) help).A iotex-oithv featuire wvas thlat never1' on(ce' (lid she realize that she xvouiltl inot recover; slhe wvas, colltihl.1 IV la-aking prlep'l) arationsC foi goiiihlomle.An1 x-ray fiilm takhern witlhinj fotir mouiths of the oniset g;ave 110 evideiee of any-hon-c alterationi; tiruie, it v:as not a very good film.Thelre Wass no fracturce of any of hier leills; hut ill this dhisease thle lon,g boincs are not ulsllyally ill-va(ledl.Sh1e hvad marked uiter-i ie fibroi(ls, u-vh ch a counftedi f11 tile severe inelnortlagia, througholiut life.Buit this *lillilOt be takeni as-R a p)r"isposilng cauise.'What was the cause of them initial limbar pa ille Was it a coillicilence t.true attack of luinbago?fit (ulparilig tihe niotes of this caseu< with those takeni by Mfiaclntvre in IS4-46 the similarity of the s5v1i1ptollfs betw-ceen the twso is very marked.Sex is tile chief differenee.Myelonmatosis Issaidl to occur mIorefrequently in men than ]~~~~t-o)1t.oBeuce-Jones proteini ig founld in othler conditions, biut u11ly. in a few; its alp)pearance in aniv urinwe will 1naturally mili, atteution to onle of tlhem.Tile fact that it precipitates aIt betweeni 400 anid 580 C., and (lidsappears onl boililn, mi;ay escl)ae general observation unless at careful watel is kep)t for it.Many uriiies wA-ithi this uinuLsiual peeuliarity may have beeii exIluiuiIle(l and nothing particular note(l.The, source of this pecuilalr l)rotein is still a miiattel of conIjectiure.Ottenberg, Gies; and Roseubloom nmaintain thiat it is an osseo-albumoid.
A Longitudinal Study of Normal Adolescent Boys
Authors: DANIEL OFFER, DAVID MARCUS, JUDITH L. OFFER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

A seven-year follow-up study of normal adolescent boys revealed that: Independence was being gradually achieved; where conflict was present it generally remained manageable. Heterosexual activity had increased since high school. Social radicalism was not espoused. Identity consolidation was rare, as was the establishment of intimacy in the Eriksonian sense, although both stages were within the grasp of the subjects. Self-satisfaction and parental satisfaction were the norm for the majority. The authors feel that their subjects are representative of a significant segment of today's youth.
Prolactin Production by Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Eva Horvath
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  In the article  associated with empty sella syndrome (235:2002, 1976), Dr Hsu and associates reported a case of a 37-year-old woman with high serum prolactin levels (475μg/ml). However, subsequent surgical intervention failed to show a pituitary tumor, although this diagnosis was reasonably assured preoperatively.  This case clearly shows the difficulties encountered when one intends to diagnose pituitary tumors in general and prolactin-producing adenomas in particular based on serum prolactin measurements. Hyperprolactinemia can be due not only to prolactin-secreting adenoma but also to other abnormalities that compress the hypophysial stalk or hypothalamus and interfere with the production, release, or adenohypophysial transport of hypothalamic regulatory substances, thus causing increased discharge of prolactin from the nontumorous pituitary. Recent evidence indicates that immunocytology and electron microscopy permit the separation of prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas from those not consisting of prolactin cells. 1,2 The purpose of our letter is to stress the
Differentiation of Ventricular Tachycardia from Junctional Tachycardia with Aberrant Conduction
Authors: ROBERT M. EASLEY, SIDNEY GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A case of regular tachycardia with an intraventricular conduction defect and possible retrograde P waves is reported. The condition was interpreted as being either ventricular tachycardia with 1 : 1 retrograde V-A conduction or an atrioventricular junctional tachycardia with aberrant intraventricular conduction. Atrial pacing resulted in normalization of intraventricular conduction as well as the production of fusion beats and allowed a definitive diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. The use of atrial pacing as a diagnostic technique has not been previously discussed in the literature.
DERMATITIS CRURIS PUSTULOSA ET ATROPHICANS, THE NIGERIAN SHIN DISEASE
Authors: R. R. M. HARMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. Dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans (D.C.P.A.) occurs In 2·2% of new Nigerian skin outpatients in Ibadan. It affects predominantly young adults. The clinical picture is distinctive showing pustular folliculitis, cutaneous oedema, scale formation, atrophy, loss of skin markings and shininess symmetrically on both legs between the knee and ankle, mainly on the anterior surfaces. The lower margin of the eruption is remarkably abrupt and constant, but does not coincide with the lower limit of terminal hairs on the leg. Mycological investigations have been uniformly negative. Bacteriological studies have isolated only the range of strains of Staphylococcus aureus commonly found as secondary invaders of skin lesions of other origin. D.C.P.A. is resistant to antibacterial agents. A preliminary survey of the geographical distribution of the disorder within Africa and in other parts of the world has been based on personal communications from dermatologists with long experience of these regions. It is suggested that the traditional practice of applying vegetable oils, especially coconut oil, may be an essential causative factor, and should he further investigated in field surveys and experimentally. The literature on other recalcitrant pustular eruptions of the limbs is reviewed.