tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of nucleotide variability in enhancer 1 and pre-X promotor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from chronic HBV carriers
Authors: H.C. Kim, T.H. Kim, Y.S. Kim, D.S. Park, J.H. Cho, Y.S. Shon, B.M. Ann, H.S. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Schizophrenia in Identical Twins
Authors: Stephen S. Nagy
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  The article by Manyam et al (241:54, 1979) presents insufficient evidence to diagnose schizophrenia, which is not equivalent to the presence of hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and loose associations in an oriented individual. These psychotic features occur in a variety of other illnesses, both organic and functional, 1 and a recent review article 2 suggests that many functionally psychotic patients who are labeled  would be more accurately diagnosed according to the present classification system as suffering from manic-depressive illness. Calling any person with these symptoms and signs schizophrenic merely contributes to the unfortunate trend of the term's degenerating into a synonym for psychosis or severe mental disorder. 3   There are two sets of diagnostic criteria available for diagnosis of schizophrenia. 4,5 Important but unavailable information about one or the other of these two patients concerns the presence or absence of depressive or manic symptoms, drug abuse, or
Fatal Poisoning Involving Methapyrilene
Authors: Abdullah Fatteh
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Methapyrilene is an antihistamine used for local and systemic allergies. The sleep aid combination products such as Compoz, Mr. Sleep, Neo-Nyte, Nytol, San-Man, Sleep-Eze, Sominex, StaKalm and Sure-Sleep contain methapyrilene as one of their ingredients. These products are nonprescription drugs and are frequently advertised as safe, nonnarcotic, and nonbarbiturate sedatives. However, it must be pointed out that serious consequences, even fatalities, can result from overingestion of any of the products containing methapyrilene. Fortunately, deaths from overdosage of methapyrilene are rare. To our knowledge, only three fatalities have been reported in the literature: a 16-month-old girl died after swallowing 100 mg of methapyrilene hydrochloride, a suicide swallowed "2 bottles" of 25-mg capsules of methapyrilene hydrochloride and died 1 1/2 hours later, and a young woman who died from an overdose showed 3.0 mg/100 ml of methapyrilene in the stomach.<sup>1</sup>The purpose of this communication is to report a
Association of Leukemia With Radium Groundwater Contamination
Authors: Gary H. Lyman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Radiation exposure, including the ingestion of radium, has been causally associated with leukemia in man. Groundwater samples from 27 counties on or near Florida phosphate lands were found to exceed 5 pCi/L total radium in 12.4% of measurements. The incidence of leukemia was greater in those counties with high levels of radium contamination (&gt;10% of the samples contaminated) than in those with low levels of contamination. Rank correlation coefficients of 56 and 45 were observed between the radium contamination level and the incidence of total leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, respectively. The standardized incidence density ratio for those in high-contamination counties was 1.5 for total leukemia and 2.0 for acute myeloid leukemia. Further investigation is necessary, however, before a causal relationship between groundwater radium content and human leukemia can be established. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:621-626)
Fracture of the Cranium
Authors: H. Hancon
Journal: BMJ (1857)

feet from the ground.The thickest plates are half an inch, and the thinnest three-eighths of an inch, in substance.The engine-which, as I haye mentioned, also works the sewerage- pump in the sewerage-well, situated at a little distance-is a high pressure one, and was made by Alessrs.
Generation of hypoallergenic DNA vaccines by forced ubiquitination: Preventive and therapeutic effects in a mouse model of allergy
Authors: Roman Bauer, Sandra Scheiblhofer, Kerstin Kern, Christina Gruber, Tatjana Stepanoska, Theresa Thalhamer, Cornelia Hauser-Kronberger, Beate Alinger, Thomas Zoegg, Maximilian Gabler, Fatima Ferreira, Arnulf Hartl, Josef Thalhamer, Richard Weiss
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Marrow stromal cells induce B7-H1 expression on myeloma cells, generating aggressive characteristics in multiple myeloma
Authors: H Tamura, M Ishibashi, T Yamashita, S Tanosaki, N Okuyama, A Kondo, H Hyodo, E Shinya, H Takahashi, H Dong, K Tamada, L Chen, K Dan, K Ogata
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
The Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology, and Disease
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>The Pancreas</i>is a compendium of current knowledge, concepts, and interpretations derived from advances in our understanding of the exocrine pancreas, its biology, functions, abnormalities, and disease. The name was changed from the first edition,<i>The Exocrine Pancreas</i>, and the book expanded to include six chapters recognizing the exocrine-endocrine interaction, anatomic and functional relationships, clinical disorders, and organ and islet transplantation. There is, however, minimal discussion of diabetes mellitus and other endocrine pathology. The six editors have assembled contributions from a large group of international experts chosen for their excellence as investigators, authors, and teachers to create a thick, oversized volume devoted to a single organ. It is similar in size to other authoritative organ system and general medical texts. The contents of the first half include anatomy, differentiation and development, exocrine secretion, and neurohumoral control and its effects on digestion. The authors have been encouraged to go beyond simply
Persistent γ-globin expression in adult transgenic mice is mediated by HPFH-2, HPFH-3, and HPFH-6 breakpoint sequences
Authors: Eleni Z. Katsantoni, An Langeveld, Albert W. K. Wai, Dubravka Drabek, Frank Grosveld, Nicholas P. Anagnou, John Strouboulis
Journal: Blood (2003)
Empire Rheumatism Council: Sixth Annual Report
Authors: None Horder
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1942)

submitting the Annual Report for 1942, I express again.my regret that it has been considered inadvisable by the War Emergency Committee to convene the Annual Meeting.To have asked our members, some 150 in number-practically all engaged in work of national importance, and many living at a distance from the metropolis-to meet in London would have been a trespass on energy which must be conserved for the effective prosecution of the war.Our President, H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester, acknowledging the Report for 1941, expressed his pleasure that "thanks to prompt action in sending out missions of enquiry to the Rheu- matism Treatment Centres of America and Europe before the outbreak of war, you are now able to present a plan of treatment based on the international as well as British practice."He also warmly welcomed the close connection established with the American Rheumatism Association, writing: "In this field of humane effort, as in so many others, the best hope for the world rests with the friendly co-operation of the English-speaking peoples."Another development in the integration of our war on rheumatism is to be recorded-the conclusion of an agreement with the British Orthopa%dic Association.This can contribute greatly to the efficiency of practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of crippling conditions caused by rheumatic diseases and also to national econo'my.A joint-policy was unanimously agreed at a conference of representatives of both bodies in June.
Transport of the sulfated, amidated bile acid, sulfolithocholyltaurine, into rat hepatocytes is mediated by Oatp1 and Oatp2
Authors: Ling-Jie Meng, Pijun Wang, Allan W. Wolkoff, Richard B. Kim, Rommel G. Tirona, Alan F. Hofmann, Sandy K. Pang
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The uptake of the sulfated bile acid sulfolithocholyltaurine (SLCT) was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes and in HeLa cells transfected with complementary DNAs (cDNAs) of organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatps) 1 and 2 cloned from rat liver. In hepatocytes, transport of SLCT was greatly reduced by bromosulfophthalein (BSP), estrone sulfate, the precursor bile acids cholyltaurine and lithocholyltaurine, and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2-2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). However, SLCT transport was insensitive to 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate, harmol sulfate, digoxin, fexofenadine, and lack of sodium ion. Because the estimation of kinetic constants was enhanced with use of inhibitors, BSP (1-50 μmol/L) was added to isolated rat hepatocytes to assess the various transport components for SLCT uptake. The resulting data showed a nonsaturable pathway and at least 2 pathways of different Michaelis-Menten constants ( Km ) (70 and 6 μmol/L) and similar maximum velocities ( Vmax ) (1.73 and 1.2 nmol/min/mg protein) and inhibition constants of 0.63 and 10.3 μmol/L for BSP. In expression systems, SLCT was taken up by Oatp1 and Oatp2 expressed in HeLa cells with similar Km values (12.6 ± 6.2 and 14.6 ± 1.9 μmol/L). These Km values were comparable to that observed for the high-affinity pathway in rat hepatocytes. In conclusion, the results suggest that transport of SLCT into rat liver is mediated in part by Oatp1 and Oatp2, high-affinity pathways, a lower-affinity pathway of unknown origin, and a nonsaturable pathway that is compatible with a transport system of high Km and/or passive diffusion.
Acyltransferases and transacylases that determine the fatty acid composition of glycerolipids and the metabolism of bioactive lipid mediators in mammalian cells and model organisms
Authors: Atsushi Yamashita, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Yoko Nemoto-Sasaki, Makoto Ito, Saori Oka, Takashi Tanikawa, Keizo Waku, Takayuki Sugiura
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2013)
Landmark article Sept. 21, 1946: Nitrogen mustard therapy. Use of methyl-bis(beta-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride and tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride for Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, leukemia and certain allied and miscellaneous disorders. By Louis S. Goodman, Maxwell M. Wintrobe, William Dameshek, Morton J. Goodman, Alfred Gilman and Margaret T. McLennan
Authors: L. S. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In a recent report the historical aspects of the use of β-chloroethyl amines (halogenated alkyl amines, nitrogen mustards) in the treatment of certain diseases of the blood-forming organs were presented and the chemical, pharmacologic, toxicologic and animal experimental aspects of these compounds reviewed.<sup>1</sup>The interested reader is referred to that report for orientation. The present preliminary communication concerns the clinical use of halogenated alkyl amines in the treatment of lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, leukemia and a limited number of allied and miscellaneous disorders. In all, 67 patients have been studied. These include 7 patients<sup>2</sup>treated by L. S. Goodman and Alfred Gilman at the New Haven Hospital; 34 patients treated by M. M. Wintrobe and Margaret T. McLennan at the Salt Lake County General Hospital; 16 patients treated by William Dameshek, Boston, and 10 patients treated by M. J. Goodman, Portland, Ore. The types of diseases treated are shown
Plasmakinetic Enucleation of the Prostate Compared with Open Prostatectomy for Prostates Larger Than 100 Grams: A Randomized Noninferiority Controlled Trial with Long-term Results at 6 Years
Authors: Shushang Chen, Lingfeng Zhu, Jinquan Cai, Zhengrong Zheng, Rong Ge, Meijing Wu, Zhen Deng, Hao Zhou, Shunliang Yang, Weizhen Wu, Lianming Liao, Jianming Tan
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Experimental autoimmune hearing loss
Authors: Peter Billings
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Understanding of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) has been hindered by the inaccessibility of the inner ear to biopsy and the lack of workable animal models. A report in this issue of the JCI describes a mouse model of CD4+ T cell–mediated ASNHL induced by immunization with peptides from the inner ear–specific proteins cochlin and β-tectorin.
Overexpression of Dicer in Precursor Lesions of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Simion Chiosea, Elena Jelezcova, Uma Chandran, Jianhua Luo, Geeta Mantha, Robert W. Sobol, Sanja Dacic
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Differential microRNA (miR) expression is described in non–small cell lung carcinoma. miR biogenesis requires a set of proteins collectively referred to as the miR machinery. In the proposed multistep carcinogenesis model, peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung develops from noninvasive precursor lesions known as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). The gene array analysis of BAC and adenocarcinoma showed a transient up-regulation of Dicer (a key effector protein for small interfering RNA and miR function) and PACT along with down-regulation of most genes encoding miR machinery proteins. Immunohistochemically, Dicer was up-regulated in AAH and BAC and down-regulated in areas of invasion and in advanced adenocarcinoma. A fraction of adenocarcinomas lose Dicer as a result of deletions at the Dicer locus. Expanded immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis showed higher Dicer level in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung when compared with adenocarcinoma. Other proteins of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC; SND1, PACT, and FXR1) were also present at higher levels in a SCC cell line when compared with an adenocarcinoma cell line. In conclusion, the stoichiometry of miR machinery and RISC depends on histologic subtype of lung carcinoma, varies along the AAH-BAC-adenocarcinoma sequence, and might explain the observed abnormal miR profile in lung cancer. The status of the endogenous miR machinery in various histologic subtypes and stages of lung cancer may help to predict the toxicity of and susceptibility to future RNA interference–based therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2345–50]
The multifaceted role of the embryonic gene Cripto-1 in cancer, stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Malgorzata Klauzinska, Nadia P. Castro, Maria Cristina Rangel, Benjamin T. Spike, Peter C. Gray, Daniel Bertolette, Frank Cuttitta, David Salomon
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2014)
The Measurement of Quality of Life through the Content Analysis of Verbal Behavior
Authors: Louis A. Gottschalk, Fernando Lolas
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

The 'quality of life' is a construct which many researchers are attempting to measure by means of self-rating procedures and by ratings from external observers. Another method of measuring this construct includes features of both the self-report method and the external observer rating method, and by doing so it minimizes some of the measurement errors inherent in the separate methods; this third method involves the content analysis of verbal behavior. This latter method preserves the reliability and validity of the scales that have been developed and tested for content analysis, while preserving the meanings intended by the subjects who are being assessed on this dimension, which meanings are often obscured or lost through self-report and ratings scales. A group of Content Scales especially applicable to assess the quality of life are reviewed and examples of their applicability are given. A discussion is provided dealing with special problems involving the assessment of this dimension, including cross-cultural issues and other factors that need consideration with respect to generalizability of the findings.
Activity of dose-dense outpatient intravenous Interleukin-2 preceded by famotidine in metastatic clear cell cancer of the kidney
Authors: Walter Quan, Francine M Quan
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Daily short intravenous infusions of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been developed to decrease toxicity while maintaining anticancer activity of this agent against kidney cancer. Such IL-2 schedules have previously been shown to increase Lymphokine Activated Killer cell (LAK) numbers (
Scintigraphic Demonstration of Regression of Osseous Metastases After Endocrine Ablative Surgery
Authors: DAVID A. EPSTEIN, GEORGE A. DEGENSHEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Objective evidence of the regression of osseous metastases after adrenalectomy and oophorectomy for advanced breast cancer was provided by serial bone scintigraphy. The conflicting results previously obtained utilizing a variety of bone seeking radionuclides in the study of patients with metastatic breast cancer who were treated by different therapeutic modalities are briefly reviewed and areas which require further investigation are identified.
Early treatment with parenteral penicillin in meningococcal disease.
Authors: K. Cartwright, S. Reilly, D. White, J. Stuart
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To measure the effect of parenteral antibiotics given before admission to hospital on mortality and on bacteriological investigations in meningococcal disease.Retrospective review of hospital notes and laboratory and public health medicine department records.Three health districts in south west England.Patients with meningococcal disease in Gloucester district presenting between 1 January 1982 and 31 December 1991 (n = 190); patients with meningococcal disease in Plymouth (n = 118) and Bath (n = 73) districts presenting between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1991 (total = 381).Number of deaths from meningococcal disease.Parenteral antibiotic given by general practitioners was associated with a substantial reduction in mortality (from 9% to 5%; relative risk 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 1.5); patients with a rash were more likely to be given parenteral antibiotics, and mortality was further reduced (from 12% to 5%; 0.5, 0.2 to 1.4). In a district where such treatment was regularly encouraged its use increased from 5% to 40% of cases over 10 years (p = 0.00001). Treatment with parenteral antibiotics before admission made isolation of meningococci from blood and cerebrospinal fluid less likely but did not affect nasopharyngeal cultures.General practitioners should carry benzylpenicillin in their emergency bags at all times and should administer it promptly, preferably intravenously, whenever meningococcal disease is suspected, unless the patient has had an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin. Specimens for culture should include a nasopharyngeal swab.
Bicarbonate solutions for infusion.
Authors: E Simpson, M J Stewart, P Goodhead
Journal: BMJ (1972)

generally accepted theory of aetiology.Most of my cases appeared to be infective in origin, and two of them followed instru- mentation.It does appear that the disease is associated with poor hygiene.Fournier's gangrene was fairly common in Europe and North America at the turn of the century but is now rarely reported from these areas.More recent reports of more than one case have come from areas with poor living standards.4-6It was suggested that the patient described may have had an increased tendency to vascular insufficiency because of a high titre of cold haemagglutinins in his serum.It is possible that this and the trauma he suffered were enough to precipitate gangrene of the scrotum by vascular thrombosis.Several au-hors have proposed that the cause of Fournier's gangrene is an arterial thrombosis precipitated by an infection, analogous to cavernous sinus thrombosis.6-8This case could be compatible with the thrombosis theory of aetiology.-Iam, etc.,
Abstract P5-03-03: Effect of rapamycin on the function and transformation of aged murine mammary stem cells
Authors: Q Dong, H Gao, D Wang, A Bandyopadhyay, A Wu, C Huang, L-Z Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Age is the number one risk fact for breast cancer with only 5% of all breast cancers occurring in women under 40 years old and age specific incidence of invasive breast cancer increases from less than 1.5% at age 40, to about 3% at age 50 and over 4% by age 70 in American women. Recent research implicated that adult mammary stem cells (MaSCs) might be responsible for the initiation and progression of certain types of breast cancer. Our preliminary study showed that aging is associated with a significant increase of MaSC frequency, but with a functional decline of self-renewal and differentiation as well as increased neoplastic transformation potential. These findings indicate that aged MaSCs might be the precursors of preneoplastic lesions and serve as the cell of origin for malignant transformation in breast tissue. Therefore, intervention of MaSC aging process could be an effective method for cancer prevention. The drug of rapamycin has been shown to extend life span and ameliorate age-related pathologies (e.g., cancer) in murine models, and a recent study suggested that rapamycin's anti-aging effect may partially act through enhancing the function of tissue-specific stem cells. It is unknown whether rapamycin treatment will also enhance the function of aged MaSCs and decrease their transformation potential. In this study, we fed C57BL/6 mice with microencapsulated rapamycin-containing food (14 mg/kg, food designed to deliver ∼2.24 mg of rapamycin per kg body weight/day to achieve about 4 ng/ml of rapamycin per kg body weight/day) or control diet with empty capsules for 2 year (starting at 2-month old) or 5-10 days (starting at 25.5-month old) and then isolated primary mammary cells at 26-month old for MaSC quantification using an in vitro mammosphere formation and 3D-ECM sphere differentiation assay as well as by the in vivo cleared mammary fat pad transplantation assay. Our findings indicate that short-term (5-10 days) or long-term (&amp;gt; 2 year) rapamycin treatment reversed phenotypic changes associated with aged MaSC, which was mainly characterized by decreased luminal-to-basal cell ratio and increased MaSC frequency. Histological analysis of regenerated glands of aged MaSCs derived from control and rapamycin-treated mice showed a significant decrease of early neoplastic transformation potential in rapamycin-treated group. Subsequent in vivo serial transplantation and mating experiments revealed that rapamycin treatment reverted aged MaSCs more resemble to young MaSCs in self-renewal/differentiation function during regeneration and improved lobulo-alveolar differentiation function for lactation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that rapamycin can rejuvenate the function of aged MaSCs as well as reduce their incidence of preneoplastic transformation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-03-03.
Gefitinib Induces Apoptosis in the EGFRL858R Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line H3255
Authors: Sean Tracy, Toru Mukohara, Mark Hansen, Matthew Meyerson, Bruce E. Johnson, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have recently been described in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who achieve radiographic regressions to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. One of these mutations, L858R (Leu→Arg), is also found in NSCLC cell line H3255, which is very sensitive to gefitinib treatment. We characterized nine NSCLC cell lines (three isolated from patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and six isolated from patients with adenocarcinoma) for their in vitro sensitivity to gefitinib. Of these, only H3255 (EGFRL858R) and H1666 (EGFRWT) are sensitive to gefitinib with IC50 values of 40 nmol/L and 2 μmol/L, respectively. We examined the effects of gefitinib on H3255 and cell lines containing wild-type EGFR that are either sensitive (H1666) or resistant (A549 and H441) to gefitinib exposure in vitro. Gefitinib treatment (1 μmol/L) leads to significant apoptosis accompanied by increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage only in the H3255 cell line, leads to G1-S arrest in H1666, and has no effects in the A549 and H441 cell lines. Although EGFR and AKT are constitutively phosphorylated in H3255, H1666, and H441 cell lines, AKT is completely inhibited by gefitinib treatment only in the H3255 cell line. These findings further characterize a mechanism by which gefitinib treatment of NSCLC harboring EGFRL858R leads to a dramatic response to gefitinib.