tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reportability and illusions of phenomenality in the light of the global neuronal workspace model
Authors: Lionel Naccache, Stanislas Dehaene
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Can we ever experimentally disentangle phenomenal consciousness from the cognitive accessibility inherent to conscious reports? In this commentary, we suggest that (1) Block's notion of phenomenal consciousness remains intractably entangled with the need to obtain subjective reports about it; and (2) many experimental paradigms suggest that the intuitive notion of a rich but non-reportable phenomenal world is, to a large extent illusory – in a sense that requires clarification.
The Relation of Dosing to Clopidogrel Responsiveness and the Incidence of High Post-Treatment Platelet Aggregation in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stenting
Authors: Paul A. Gurbel, Kevin P. Bliden, Kevin M. Hayes, Jason A. Yoho, William R. Herzog, Udaya S. Tantry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Basophil Activation Is a Reliable Biomarker Of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) In CF: One Year Results Of a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Yael Gernez, Jeffrey Waters, Colleen Dunn, Zoe Davies, Rabindra Tirouvanziam, Cassie Everson, John Tamaresis, Leonore Herzenberg, Richard B. Moss
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
A survey of sports injuries in Birmingham.
Authors: B. Crompton, N. Tubbs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

7% of the injuries presenting to the Birmingham Accident Hospital during 1975 occurred during sport. Of those injuries which could be classified 98.3% were due to extrinsic causes. These figures would not seem to justify a sports injury clinic. However we believe that this presents the service available rather than the service required.
Experience With Penile Prostheses in the Treatment of Impotence in Diabetic Men
Authors: Richard S. Beaser
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Increasing use of penile prostheses to treat impotence in diabetic men warrants a detailed assessment of functional and subjective outcomes within this group. This study uses record review and patient-partner questionnaire techniques to examine this population and evaluate postoperative satisfaction in terms of changes in patterns of sexual activity, health status, and complication rates. The satisfaction rates among patients and partners were 81% and 83%, respectively. Frequency of sexual activity was increased, and physical enjoyment was improved among satisfied recipients. Most postoperative complications were treatable and led to dissatisfaction only if they were irreparable. Most prostheses are therefore being used successfully. We recommend that impotent diabetic men be informed of the availability of prosthetic implants. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:943-948)
Limited effects of methotrexate on enzymes of the PGE2 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue
Authors: K. R. Gheorghe, S. Sadique, H. Idborg, Y. Wobst, A. I. Catrina, P.-J. Jakobsson, M. Korotkova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) displays important pathogenic role in the affected joints. Whereas the enzymes involved in its synthesis, microsomal PGE<sub>2</sub> synthase-1 and cyclooxygenases (COX1 and COX2), are highly expressed in the inflamed synovium, little is known about 15-prostaglandin dihydrogenase (15-PGDH) that metabolises PGE<sub>2</sub>. In this study the authors aimed to investigate the localisation of 15-PGDH in the synovial tissue and the influence of common RA therapy on its expression. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Synovial tissue specimens were obtained from healthy individuals, psoriatic arthritis, ostheoarthritis and RA patients and immunohistochemical analysis and double immunfluorescence staining was used to describe the expression pattern of 15-PGDH. In addition, synovial biopsies were obtained by arthroscopy from 10 RA patients with active knee arthritis undergoing intra-articular glucocorticoid therapy as well as from 13 newly diagnosed RA patients starting methotrexate therapy, before and after start of treatment. After immunohistochemical staining, 15-PGDH was analysed in patients receiving glucocorticoid injection and the expression of enzymes involved in the PGE<sub>2</sub> cascade was evaluated in the methotrexate cohort. Prostaglandins deriving from the COX pathway were determined by liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in supernatants from in vitro cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) activated with IL-1β and treated with methotrexate. <h3>Results</h3> 15-PGDH is present in synovial tissue of RA, ostheoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients but also in healthy individuals, mainly in lining macrophages, fibroblasts and vessels. Intra-articular show a trend towards reduced 15-PGDH in RA synovium while methotrexate treatment to leaves unaltered the PGE<sub>2</sub> pathway both in biopsies ex vivo and in cultured FLS. <h3>Conclusion</h3> 15-PGDH, the enzyme implicated in degradation and removal of pro-inflammatory PGE<sub>2</sub> in the rheumatoid joint is expressed in the synovial tissue. While local glucocorticoids may decrease its expression, methotrexate has little influence on any of the PGE<sub>2</sub> pathway enzymes 8 weeks after therapy start. Thus therapeutical strategies involving blocking PGE<sub>2</sub> synthesis may find a rationale in additionally reducing local inflammatory mediators.
Clinical Approach to Genetic Cardiomyopathy in Children
Authors: Marcy L. Schwartz, Gerald F. Cox, Angela E. Lin, Mark S. Korson, Antonio Perez-Atayde, Ronald V. Lacro, Steven E. Lipshultz
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Cardiomyopathy (CM) remains one of the leading cardiac causes of death in children, although in the majority of cases, the cause is unknown. To have an impact on morbidity and mortality, attention must shift to etiology-specific treatments. The diagnostic evaluation of children with CM of genetic origin is complicated by the large number of rare genetic causes, the broad range of clinical presentations, and the array of specialized diagnostic tests and biochemical assays. Methods and Results We present a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach to pediatric CM of genetic etiology. We specify criteria for abnormal left ventricular systolic performance and structure that suggest CM based on established normal echocardiographic measurements and list other indications to consider an evaluation for CM. We provide a differential diagnosis of genetic conditions associated with CM, classified as inborn errors of metabolism, malformation syndromes, neuromuscular diseases, and familial isolated CM disorders. A diagnostic strategy is offered that is based on the clinical presentation: biochemical abnormalities, encephalopathy, dysmorphic features or multiple malformations, neuromuscular disease, apparently isolated CM, and pathological specimen findings. Adjunctive treatment measures are recommended for severely ill patients in whom a metabolic cause of CM is suspected. A protocol is provided for the evaluation of moribund patients. Conclusions In summary, we hope to assist pediatric cardiologists and other subspecialists in the evaluation of children with CM for a possible genetic cause using a presentation-based approach. This should increase the percentage of children with CM for whom a diagnosis can be established, with important implications for treatment, prognosis, and genetic counseling.
Patient information leaflets about cancer trials are too complicated, finds study
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

People approached to take part in cancer trials find patient information leaflets about the trials too long and difficult to understand, warns a study, which is informing new guidance on consent procedures.

Researchers at the University of Leicester traced the development and use of patient information leaflets for 13 cancer trials being carried out at a large teaching hospital, although all were multicentre trials. The trials covered a variety of treatments for a range of cancers.

They reviewed leaflets’ content from its initial development by researchers leading the trials and through their review and approval by research ethics committees. Finally, they interviewed 26 adult patients who …
Large-Database Research: Complement to Randomized Trials?
Authors: John Hornberger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 May 1998Large-Database Research: Complement to Randomized Trials?John Hornberger, MD, MS and Louis Garrison, PhDJohn Hornberger, MD, MSRoche Global Pharmacoeconomic Research; Palo Alto, CA 94304Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CASearch for more papers by this author and Louis Garrison, PhDRoche Global Pharmacoeconomic Research; Palo Alto, CA 94304Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-10-199805150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The question of how to generalize data from randomized trials for use in real-world decisions is timely and important. Many decision makers desire credible information about the clinical and economic effects of new interventions. In response to this, Section 114 of the recently passed Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 regulates the dissemination of pharmacoeconomic information that is “competent and reliable” [1].Representatives of the Food and Drug Administration, public interest groups, the legislative committee that drafted the bill, managed care organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and academia recently convened in Washington, D.C., at a special briefing ...References1. U.S. Congress. Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997. Washington, DC: US Gov Pr Office; 1997. Google Scholar2. Hornberger J. Cost-benefit of a cardiovascular disease-prevention trial: folate as an example. Am J Publ Health. [In press.] Google Scholar3. Mark DB, Hlatky MA, Califf RM, Naylor CD, Lee KL, Armstrong PW, et al. Cost effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator as compared with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332:1418-24. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Roche Global Pharmacoeconomic Research; Palo Alto, CA 94304Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 10Page: 875KeywordsBiomarkersDatabasesDecision makingDrug informationDrug research and developmentFallsFood and Drug AdministrationInformation storage and retrievalPharmacoeconomicsRandomized trials Issue Published: 15 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Involvement of the Leptin Receptor in the Immune Response in Intestinal Cancer
Authors: Nijez Aloulou, Sylvie Bastuji-Garin, Sabine Le Gouvello, Mohammad Abolhassani, Marie Thérèse Chaumette, Antoine Charachon, Karen Leroy, Iradj Sobhani
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The incidence of colorectal cancers (CRC) may be influenced by environmental factors, including nutrition. The role of peptides regulating food intake in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors is controversial. Leptin, a cytokine-like peptide, regulates food intake. We investigated the expression of leptin and its receptor in 171 consecutive patients (78 female and 93 male; 71 years) with CRC. Leptin concentrations in the serum (ELISA) were determined before tumor removal. ObRb was characterized in tumors and normal homologous tissues and culture cells (HT29, HCT116, and HCT116 with a transferred chromosome 3) by using immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and Western blotting. Microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype was characterized by immunohistochemistry and pentaplex PCR. mRNAs of cytokines and chemokines were quantified in tumors and in normal homologous tissues (RT-PCR) in 43 patients. Adequate statistical tests, including multivariate analysis adjusted for pathologic tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM), MSI-H, and ObRb phenotypes, were used. Higher expression of ObRb in tumors compared with the homologous normal mucosa, pTNM staging but not leptin serum level, was associated with patients' progression-free survival (PFS). Tumor ObRb phenotype and pTNM were independent predictive factors of PFS. ObRb was more strongly expressed in HCT116 cells than in HCT116-Ch3 cells as well as in MSI-H tumors than in microsatellite stability and potentially associated with efficient cytotoxic antitumoral response as assessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR measurements. We suggest that leptin receptor expression in tumors is involved in adaptive immune response in sporadic colon and rectal tumors likely via MSI-H phenotype orientation. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9413–22]
Efficacy of Adenine Arabinoside in Herpes Zoster
Authors: Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

As Whitley et al. point out in this issue of the Journal, the development of antiviral drugs for systemic use in man has had a rocky course. One reason is that viruses use the host's own biosynthetic machinery. Since normal host defenses must co-operate with antivirals in recovery, it has been particularly difficult to develop active agents selective enough to block only virus but not host functions. The second major problem is that preliminary results with systemic antivirals have been misleading because there is little published detailed information on the natural history of many viral infections in untreated patients. . . .
WMA to tackle adverse health conditions in prisons
Authors: N. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Guidelines to combat the increasing public health problems in prisons are to be drawn up by the World Medical Association because of concern about, in particular, the rise of tuberculosis in eastern Europe.

At its annual general assembly last week in Tel Aviv, Israel, the association agreed to develop guidelines for doctors because it believed that adverse prison conditions across the world were leading to the spread of infection and risking the health of prisoners, prison visitors, …
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders in Radiology Departments
Authors: Eleftherios Mylonakis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters6 July 1999Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders in Radiology DepartmentsEleftherios Mylonakis, MDEleftherios Mylonakis, MDThe Miriam Hospital; Providence, RI 02906 (Mylonakis)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It was with great interest that I read Heffner and Barbieri's report on compliance with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders for hospitalized patients transported to radiology departments (1).As the authors noted in the Discussion section of the paper, and as it was hinted from the responses (questionnaire item 4), the lower compliance with DNR orders is probably associated with events occurring during invasive procedures. A written protocol for managing DNR orders and a formal procedure for receiving DNR status information, as they suggested, would clearly help minimize the problem. However, radiologists should also make every effort to communicate ...Reference1. Heffner JE, Barbieri C. Compliance with do-not-resuscitate orders for hospitalized patients transported to radiology departments. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:801-5. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eleftherios Mylonakis, MDAffiliations: The Miriam Hospital; Providence, RI 02906 (Mylonakis) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCompliance with Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Hospitalized Patients Transported to Radiology Departments John E. Heffner and Celia Barbieri Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders in Radiology Departments John E. Heffner Metrics 6 July 1999Volume 131, Issue 1Page: 72-73KeywordsChartsDiagnostic radiologyDo not resuscitate ordersQuestionnairesRadiologistsResuscitation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 July 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of induced asynchrony on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Sandro Betocchi, Federico Piscione, Bruno Villari, Leonardo Pace, Andrea Ciarmiello, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Carmen Salvatore, Marco Salvatore, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Cardiac Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction After a Cholesterol-Rich Diet
Authors: Y. Huang, K.E. Walker, F. Hanley, J. Narula, S.R. Houser, T.N. Tulenko
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Although hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease, little is known regarding its direct effects on cardiac function.We examined the effects of cholesterol feeding (0.5%) on cardiac function in rabbits. After 10 weeks, both systolic shortening and diastolic relaxation rates were impaired without any change in aortic pressure or ventricular hypertrophy. However, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)-2 mRNA levels were reduced within 4 days after initiation of cholesterol feeding. After this effect, SERCA-2 protein and SERCA-mediated Ca uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were impaired, and the ratio of MHC-beta to MHC-alpha mRNA increased 5-fold. Suppression of the SERCA-2 message correlated temporally with enrichment of the cardiac sarcolemma with cholesterol.These data demonstrate that dietary hypercholesterolemia induces a "cholesterol cardiomyopathy" characterized by systolic and diastolic dysfunction. These alterations were independent of vascular disease and demonstrate a dietary link to cardiac dysfunction.
Is dilution of cows' milk formula necessary for dietary management of acute diarrhoea in infants aged less than 6 months?
Authors: F. Chew, C. Quan, F.J. Penna, L.A. Peret Filho, M.C. Lopes, J.A. Mota, F.J. Penna, O. Fontaine
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Public health in the UK: success or failure?
Authors: Selena Gray, Paul Pilkington, David Pencheon, Tony Jewell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Public health has come under criticism in recent times in some quarters, charged with failing to tackle important health problems over the last 30 years in the UK. This criticism has come most notably from Derek Wanless in his influential report, Securing Good Health for the Whole Population.1 He alleges for example that `the major drivers of public health have been recognized since the 1970s, with numerous “upstream” and “downstream” public health strategies having been proposed. However, 30 years on, despite some successes, implementation has been partial at best'. Other critics allege that `public health has made no significant contribution to policy since the Ottawa Charter' (personal communication, T Jewell). Currently, the re-organization of Primary Care Trusts and Strategic Health Authorities in England once again threatens to destabilize existing public health teams in England, only a few years after the upheavals of the implementation of `Shifting the Balance of Power' initiative.

However, despite the organizational turmoil that has been facing public health in recent years, we would challenge the view that public health in the UK has not had considerable success to date. Evidence to support this view, and reasons for some of the failures will be discussed.
VETERANS HOSPITAL NEEDS DOCTORS
Authors: J. Ralston Wells
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> If we had four additional doctors in this hospital we could activate 69 more beds, and, since our turnover rate is between 120% and 160%, one can estimate how many additional patients this would accommodate who are in need of medical care. We can obtain the other necessary personnel, but we cannot seem to secure the services of doctors on a full-time basis so that this hospital might operate at capacity and at the same time give satisfactory service. This is a new hospital, opened Sept. 5, 1950. It is a beautiful brick building with white stone trim. I believe we have every known piece of useful apparatus that it is possible to buy. The climate is not too cold in winter and not too warm in summer, except for very brief intervals. We have a fully appointed psychiatric ward, which is not activated because of the
Biopsychobehavioral model of risk of severe hypoglycemia. Self-management behaviors.
Authors: W L Clarke, D J Cox, L Gonder-Frederick, D Julian, B Kovatchev, D Young-Hyman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To identify self-management antecedents of low blood glucose (BG) (< 3.9 mmol/l) that might be easily recognized, treated, or avoided altogether.Ninety-three adults with type 1 diabetes (age, 35.8 +/- 8 years [mean +/- SD]; duration of diabetes, 17.0 +/- 11 years; daily insulin dose, 0.58 +/- 0.18 U/kg; and HbAlc, 8.6 +/- 1.8%) were recruited to participate in the study. Of the 93 subjects, 42 had a history of severe hypoglycemia (SH), defined as two or more hypoglycemic episodes in the preceding 12 months, and 51 subjects had no history of SH (No-SH) in the same time period. Before each of 70 BG measurements obtained over a 3-week period, subjects used a handheld computer to record whether their most recent insulin, food, and exercise was more than, less than, or the same as usual. Associations among self-management behaviors preceding BG readings < 3.9 mmol/l versus those preceding BG readings of 5.6-7.8 mmol/l were determined using chi 2 tests, analyses of variance, and logistic regression analyses.Analysis of 6,425 self-management/self-monitoring of BG events revealed that the usual amounts of insulin, food, and exercise preceded the events 58.3% of the time. No significant differences were observed for changes in insulin before readings of BG < 3.9 mmol/l versus 7.8 < BG > 5.6 mmol/l, but significantly less food (P < 0.01) was eaten and more exercise (P < 0.001) was performed before the low BG measurement. No interactions between SH and No-SH groups and management behaviors were observed. However, each of the three management variables entered significantly in a logistic model that predicted 61% of all readings of BG < 3.9 mmol/l.Subjects with a history of SH did not report managing their diabetes differently from those with no such history. Specifically, when low BG occurred, the preceding management behaviors, although predictive of low BG, were not different in SH and No-SH subjects. Overall, self-management behaviors did not distinguish SH from No-SH subjects. Thus, even though it might be beneficial for all patients to review their food and exercise management decisions to reduce their frequency of low BG, an educational intervention whose content stresses insulin, food, and exercise would be unlikely by itself to be sufficient to reduce the frequency of SH.
Regionalizing Perinatal Health Services in Massachusetts
Authors: George M. Ryan, Ann Hallman Pettigrew, Sarah Fogerty, Charles L. Donahue
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

In Massachusetts, as in other states, pressures for regionalization of perinatal health services have been intensified by a number of changes in demography, patterns of care, and public and physician education. The nation's birthrate fell from 25 live births per 1000 population in 1955 to 15 in 19741; in Massachusetts the number of births dropped 40 per cent between 1957 and 1975, from 115,0652 to about 69,000.3 The result has been underutilization of many maternity services, with increasing per diem costs. In 1970 the average occupancy rate for obstetric services nationally was estimated at 60 per cent, and over . . .