tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ecological studies of relation between hospital policies on neonatal vitamin K administration and subsequent occurrence of childhood cancer
Authors: S J. Passmore, G. Draper, P. Brownbill, M. Kroll
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the possible link between neonatal administration of intramuscular vitamin K and childhood cancer. <b>Design:</b> Ecological studies comparing incidence of cancer in groups of children classified by the vitamin K policy in operation at their hospital of birth. <b>Setting:</b> Selected large maternity units in England, Scotland, and Wales. <b>Subjects:</b> Children born in these units in varying periods between 1966 and 1991. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Cancer occurring among these children before age 15 years identified by using the National Registry of Childhood Tumours. Ratios of observed to expected numbers of these conditions calculated for hospitals where the policy was to give all babies intramuscular vitamin K (non-selective) and where the policy was to use this treatment only for a selected minority of babies at increased risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (selective). <b>Results:</b> These ratios were calculated for children born in 94 hospitals with varying vitamin K policies. A raised risk was occasionally associated with vitamin K, but the overall results were not significant, and there was no evidence to support the previously suggested doubling of the risk of childhood cancer. <b>Conclusions:</b> On the basis of the results reported here it is unlikely that there is a greatly increased risk of childhood cancer attributable to intramuscular vitamin K given to newborns, if indeed there is any. <h3>Key messages</h3> Intramuscular vitamin K given to babies is known to be effective in the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding but it has been suggested that these preparations, or one of their constituents, may increase the risk of childhood cancer Most studies have not shown a significant association between childhood cancer and vitamin K but are unable to exclude the possibility that its use increases the risk of childhood cancer by up to 10% Intramuscular vitamin K has been given to "high risk" babies as part of all the various prophylaxis policies in the United Kingdom; this should continue As a small risk cannot at present be excluded it seems prudent to recommend a policy of giving intramuscular vitamin K only to those babies at particularly high risk and giving it orally to others It is essential that a record should be made of whether or not vitamin K is given and of the preparation, route of administration, and dose
Letter: Genetic counselling in Huntington's chorea.
Authors: A Caro, M Jones, J Stephens, K Evans, W Walmsley, D Randall, A Johnston, J Heald
Journal: BMJ (1976)

As Gillian and Glendinning said in their letter to the editor (July 3, p. 46), the family doctor is the ideal person to inform and counsel families of victims of Huntington's chorea. 1st the doctor must learn that a person is from such a family. Sometimes a patient's family is scattered all over Britain or even abroad. Individuals at high risk should know the truth of the situation so they can make informed choices about family planning. Suitable publicity will alert families to go to family doctors for help in making informed choices about family planning . Methods of publicity must be continually reviewed and adapted to current needs.
In Vitro Fertilization and Alternatives
Authors: Gary D. Hodgen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PERHAPS as many as 500,000 American women are infertile as a result of Fallopian tube dysfunction. Because this represents an important national health problem, work in our laboratory has focused on novel approaches to alleviate such infertility, using nonhuman primate experimental models. The rationale for pursuing new experimental methods, as well as a summary of recent findings, may be of interest to medical practitioners treating and counseling such patients, as well as to infertility specialists in reproductive medicine. At the outset, it may be enlightening to compare the current situation in the treatment of women with irreparably blocked or missing Fallopian tubes with the major advances that have occurred during the past 20 years in the treatment of infertility resulting from anovulation. Principally, achievements in ovulation induction are the result of having developed four remarkably effective medicinal agents, acting either through the CNS (especially hypothalamic-pituitary centers) or within the ovaries
Role of galectin-3 as a receptor for advanced glycosylation end products
Authors: Flavia Pricci, Gaetano Leto, Lorena Amadio, Carla Iacobini, Giulio Romeo, Samantha Cordone, Roberto Gradini, Paola Barsotti, Fu-Tong Liu, Umberto Di Mario, Giuseppe Pugliese
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Role for Insulin Signaling in Catecholaminergic Neurons in Control of Energy Homeostasis
Authors: A. Christine Könner, Simon Hess, Sulay Tovar, Andrea Mesaros, Carmen Sánchez-Lasheras, Nadine Evers, Linda A.W. Verhagen, Hella S. Brönneke, André Kleinridders, Brigitte Hampel, Peter Kloppenburg, Jens C. Brüning
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Four reasons why the science of psychology is still in trouble
Authors: Kim J. Vicente
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Chow's monograph exhibits four prototypical symptoms of psychology's enduring scientific crisis: (a) it equates empirical science with statistical analysis; (b) it settles for qualitative rather than quantitative theories; (c) it ignores the role of ecological validity in the generalizability of theories; and (d) it puts rigid adherence to arbitrary but documentable rules over critical thinking about the meaning of results.
RAILWAY SPINE AND LITIGATION SYMPTOMS.
Authors: W. W. GRANT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

pentine, soap, oil, etc.To be effective the enemata should be introduced slowly with the patient in the knee-chest position, so that the fluid may traverse the whole length of the colon.Massage may be resorted to advantageously as well.Cases occur where none of these measures prove effective in breaking down and dislodging these fecal masses and the symptoms of obstruction persist.The
Compositae sensitivity and chronic hand dermatitis in a seven‐year‐old boy
Authors: S.H. WAKELIN, P. MARREN, E. YOUNG, S. SHAW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Compositae dermatitis is rare in childhood, with few cases documented in the literature. We report a 7-year-old boy who presented with a dermatitis mainly affecting his dominant hand. Patch testing revealed contact sensitivity to sesquiterpene lactone (SL) mix, and subsequent testing with Compositae oleoresins showed sensitivity to daisy, dandelion and chrysanthemum. The dermatitis improved on avoidance of handling plants. We have not documented any other cases of Compositae sensitivity in 187 other children, aged under 16 years, who have undergone patch testing with SL mix between 1992 and 1996 in our department. This case illustrates that Compositae sensitivity may present with a localized dermatitis and that, although uncommon, sensitization may occur in early childhood.
Location of Journal.
Authors: E. J. Doering
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Ill., July 1, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to change my vote to Washington, D. C., for the reason that, having maturely considered the subject, I am of impression that theJournalwould gain a great deal by being published where its editorial rooms might be in close proximity to the Army Medical Museum, the great Army Medical Library, and the Smithsonian Institution. Financially, as I notice from the advertising columns, the principal support of theJournalcomes from east of the Alleghanies, I do not see that theAssociationwould be any worse off; beside that, the editor might have the advantage for theAssociationof the bright writers of the many scientific departments of the Government, in addition to those now upon the staff; beside that, the power and influence of theAssociationin the matter of medical legislation would be very much greater with the
Circus movement atrial flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Cryothermal termination from the epicardial site of the slow zone of the reentrant circuit.
Authors: N Isber, M Restivo, W B Gough, H Yang, N el-Sherif
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND We have shown that atrial flutter (AF) in dogs with sterile pericarditis is commonly due to a single-loop reentrant circuit in the lower right atrium comprised of a functional or functional/anatomic obstacle and a slow zone of conduction (SZ) between the central obstacle and the atrioventricular (AV) ring. The goals of the present study were 1) to establish that the epicardial SZ is the critical component of circus movement AF and 2) to identify the optimal site within the epicardial SZ at which interruption of circus movement can be accomplished by ablative techniques. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the atrial activation patterns during epicardial cooling of the SZ with as N2O-cooled probe in eight dogs (five with clockwise [CW] reentrant circuit, one with counterclockwise [CCW] reentrant circuit, and two with both CW and CCW reentrant circuits around the same pathway). In all eight dogs, cooling (-5 to +5 degrees C for 5-20 seconds) the narrow isthmus at the inferoposterior part of the SZ between the central obstacle and the AV ring reversibly terminated the reentrant circuit, whereas cooling outside this area failed to terminate the reentrant circuit. The circus movement was not observed to continue along alternate pathways when conduction in this critical zone was interrupted. Both CW and CCW reentrant circuits could be terminated from the same site within the SZ. Cooling resulted in slowing of conduction in the SZ (55 +/- 15 msec) in both CW and CCW reentrant circuits. Cooling-induced termination of CW reentrant circuits was characteristically associated with oscillations of conduction in the cooled zone of the last three cycles before termination and conduction block occurred within the cooled zone. The last "manifest" reentrant cycle was associated with the longest conduction delay in the cooled zone. However, this delay was not necessarily reflected in the length of the last reentrant cycle because of compensatory acceleration of conduction in the rest of the pathway. On the other hand, in CCW reentrant circuits, conduction block occurred abruptly at the distal border of the SZ and without significant oscillations of conduction. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides convincing evidence that single-loop circus movement in this model is critically dependent on an obligatory conduction in a SZ in the inferoposterior portion of the free right atrial wall between a functional obstacle and the AV ring. Because the atrial myocardium behaves electrophysiologically as a two-dimensional surface, the results of this study may help to guide the endocardial electrode catheter ablative technique for treatment of clinical AF.
Control Mechanisms for Physiological Hypertrophy of Pregnancy
Authors: Suzanne M. Mone, Stephen P. Sanders, Steven D. Colan
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Pregnancy represents an excellent model of acute physiological hypertrophy and atrophy secondary to a transient hemodynamic load. This investigation examined the effects of pregnancy on ventricular mechanics using load-independent indexes of contractility to test the hypothesis that the cardiac trophic response functions as a servomechanism with wall stress as the feedback variable. Methods and Results Serial studies were performed in 33 women at six time periods during and shortly after normal gestation. Changes in ventricular dimension, wall thickness, and left ventricular mass were parallel to changes in body size. Fractional shortening and velocity of shortening progressively diminished during pregnancy, with a nadir at the first postpartum examination, despite a progressive fall in afterload. Cardiac index rose rapidly in early gestation and remained elevated throughout pregnancy. Peak wall stress was elevated in early gestation coincident with the rapid rise in cardiac index due to elevated volume before compensatory rise in mass. With compensatory hypertrophy, peak wall stress normalized by midgestation. The change in left ventricular mass was closely related to peak wall stress but correlated poorly with mean, total, and end-systolic wall stress. Conclusions Normal pregnancy is associated with a reversible fall in contractility. Systolic function is preserved throughout most of pregnancy by a fall in afterload but decreases near term and early postpartum because of decreased contractility and diminished preload. Left ventricular hypertrophy and atrophy are temporally related to changes in hemodynamic load. The response is consistent with a tightly coupled servomechanism transduced by peak wall stress with a 1- to 4-week compensatory response time.
Durable Immunity Two Years after Administration of Enders's Live Measles-Virus Vaccine with Immune Globulin
Authors: R. E. Weibel, J. Stokes, R. Halenda, E. B. Buynak, M. R. Hilleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

PREVIOUS investigations1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 have proved conclusively the solid protection afforded by Enders's live measles-virus vaccine given alone or in combination with human immune globulin. The pattern of measles antibody level after vaccination has shown such similarity to that which follows natural measles as to suggest that the immunity induced by the vaccine will be as persistent as that resulting from the disease itself. Protection against natural measles has been shown to last for at least three years after the vaccine given alone without immune globulin. This report presents data showing persistence of antibody and protective efficacy for at least two years . . .
Diagnostic Testing for Diabetes Using HbA1c in the Abu Dhabi Population
Authors: Cother Hajat, Oliver Harrison, Zaid Al Siksek
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The validity of HbA(1c) as a population diagnostic tool was tested against oral glucose tolerance testing in Abu Dhabi nationals.The screening tool of HbA(1c) and random glucose was validated against the "gold standard" oral glucose tolerance test according to World Health Organization criteria.The HbA(1c) threshold of 6.4% provided the optimum balance between sensitivity (72.0%) and specificity (84.3%) with positive and negative predictive values of 47.9 and 93.7% and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.78. This threshold compares with a threshold of 6.5% recommended by the International Scientific Committee and American Diabetes Association and of 6.3% in a recent study in China.This study successfully validates the feasibility and threshold of HbA(1c) for diagnosis of diabetes at the population level in a Middle-Eastern population. This result is a major step in the fight to tackle the increasing burden of diabetes in the United Arab Emirates.
Insulin Sensitivity Is Not Impaired In Mexican-American Women Without a Family History Of Diabetes
Authors: Enzo Bonora, Giovanni Gulli, Riccardo Bonadonna, Stefano Del Prato, Anna Solini, Ralph A. DeFronzo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to compare insulin sensitivity in Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites without a family history of diabetes to establish whether insulin resistance is a defect intrinsically related to subjects of Mexican origin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In study A, we compared insulin sensitivity in 12 Mexican-American and 12 non-Hispanic white women with normal glucose tolerance and no family history of diabetes. In study B, we compared insulin sensitivity in two groups of normal glucose-tolerant Mexican-Americans, nine with a positive (FHD+) and nine with a negative (FHD−) family history of diabetes. In both studies, the groups were closely matched for age, total body fat content, and fat topography. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the euglycemic insulin clamp (20 mU·min−1·m2 surface area) which was performed in combination with tritiated glucose infusion and indirect calorimetry. Total fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by a tritiated water dilution technique, and regional fat distribution was evaluated by anthropometry and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS During a 4-h euglycemic insulin clamp (study A), rates (mg·min−1·kg FFM−1) of total (6.32 ± 0.64 vs. 6.62 ± 0.81), oxidative (3.54 ± 0.24 vs. 3.51 ± 0.19), and nonoxidative (2.78 ± 0.48 vs. 3.11 ± 0.75) glucose utilization were similar in Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites; hepatic glucose production (0.33 ± 0.13 vs. 0.35 ± 0.13) was suppressed similarly in both groups. During a 2-h euglycemic insulin clamp (study B), Mexican-Americans with FHD+ had lower rates of insulin-mediated total (3.55 ± 0.39 vs. 5.93 ± 0.59, P &amp;lt; 0.001), oxidative (3.31 ± 0.25 vs. 4.32 ± 0.17, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and nonoxidative (0.24 ± 0.28 vs. 1.61 ± 0.49, P &amp;lt; 0.01) glucose disposal than subjects with FHD− suppression of hepatic glucose production (0.24 ± 0.14 vs. 0.18 ± 0.12) was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that in the absence of a family history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Mexican-American women are not less sensitive to insulin than non-Hispanic white women.
Statin Therapy Dose and Risk of New-Onset Diabetes
Authors: J. W. McEvoy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The relative roles of growth hormone and IGF-1 in controlling insulin sensitivity
Authors: David R. Clemmons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

IGF-1 and growth hormone (GH) interact with insulin to modulate its control of carbohydrate metabolism. A new study (see the related article beginning on page 96) shows that blocking the effect of GH in the presence of low serum IGF-1 concentrations enhances insulin sensitivity.
Is the prevalence of adult asthma and allergic rhinitis still increasing? Results of an Italian study
Authors: Giuseppe Verlato, Angelo Corsico, Simona Villani, Isa Cerveri, Enrica Migliore, Simone Accordini, Adriana Carolei, Pavilio Piccioni, Massimiliano Bugiani, Vincenzo Lo Cascio, Alessandra Marinoni, Albino Poli, Roberto de Marco
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Induction of metallothionein as an adaptive mechanism affecting the magnitude and progression of toxicological injury.
Authors: C D Klaassen, J Liu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Pretreatment of rats with low doses of Cd produces adaptive tolerance to a subsequent high dose of Cd-induced lethality, thus shifting the dose-response curve to the right. Cd pretreatment of animals also protects against the hepatotoxicity produced by high doses of Cd. This protection is attributable to the 10- to 50-fold induction of hepatic metallothionein (MT) by Cd pretreatment. As a result hepatic subcellular distribution of Cd is significantly altered, with more Cd bound to MT in the cytosol and a concomitant reduction of Cd in other critical organelles. In addition MT-transgenic animals are more resistant, whereas MT-null mice are more sensitive than controls to Cd-induced lethality and hepatotoxicity. This further demonstrates that MT is important in Cd detoxication. Induction of hepatic MT by zinc also protects mice from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury, with more 14C-CCl4 bound to MT in the cytosol. MT-null mice are more sensitive to CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, which supports the hypothesis that induction of MT also plays a protective role for nonmetallic chemicals. These results indicate that MT is a part of cellular adaptive mechanisms affecting the magnitude and progression of toxic insults from metals such as Cd as well as from organic chemicals such as CCl4.
A Post-Graduate Lecture on Mistaken Diagnosis: Delivered in the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic
Authors: W. R. Gowers
Journal: BMJ (1894)

reasoning is a matter of probability; only that whic}i 0%A POST-GRADUATE LECTURE simple observation is certain.The probability mar be r4i;t.or may be only that of a slight preponderanee of tle babanjice' of evidence, but wherever inference comes in there is B.MI ISTA liE N D)IAGwN( )SIS.you certainty.Reme yber that inference plays a part whi?h 1N1.1STA111'1',,_ENIACINOSIS you can' discern only by an effort, in a large part of- DcliierSted in the Naut v,nal Hyisplit i for the Paraluysedl and: EpiIqlstic.ditgnosis.You think you observe the presence of cousoli dation of the lung or of pleutral effusion.You do nothinE pf By W.. IR.GOWERS, M.
Will a market deliver quality and efficiency in health care better than central planning ever could? No
Authors: J. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>James Gubb</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1297) and <b>Stephen Smith</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1299) are convinced that market forces will improve the NHS, but <b>Neal Lawson</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1300) and <b>Jonathon Tomlinson</b> have their doubts
Defective CD107a Surface Expression Heralds Munc13-4 Defect and Discriminates between Genetic Subtypes of Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHL).
Authors: Maurizio Aricò, Stefania Marcenaro, Federico Gallo, Stefania Martini, Alessandra Santoro, Gillian M. Griffiths, Lorenzo Moretta, Daniela Pende
Journal: Blood (2006)
How can we prevent and control the use and misuse of anabolic steroids in international sports?
Authors: S. Oseid
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

According to the regulations for international competitions all organizers of international championships and competitions are obliged to carry out doping control tests (blood tests, urine tests etc.) on athletes. The administration of hormones to athletes with the intention of improving performance has been a common practice for many years, and in the last ten years this practice has reached serious proportions internationally, and recently also in Norway. We are therefore very pleased that anabolic steroids have been added to the International Olympic Committee Medical Commissions list of banned classes of drugs because laboratory means of detecting anabolic steroids by use of radio-immunoassay techniques and chromatography/mass spectrometry systems have become available.