tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequency of liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic agents.
Authors: S S Jick, M Stender, M W Myers
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated liver disease in conventionally treated type 2 diabetic patients to provide a reference against which reports of liver disease related to novel oral antidiabetic treatments could be compared. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this follow-up study, patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with oral antidiabetic agents were identified from the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database and were followed to determine whether they developed liver disease. The specific types and etiologies of liver disorders were determined. Incidence rates were calculated based on the accumulated exposure time to oral antidiabetic agents. RESULTS: Among 44,406 type 2 diabetic patients, 605 had a computer diagnosis of liver disease with an incidence rate of 53.2/10,000 person-years (95% CI 49.2-57.6). Of the 605 subjects, 186 had nonsymptomatic, mild, and transient liver disorders; 249 had a predisposing condition; and 113 had another cause for the disease. A total of 57 cases were possibly drug induced with an incidence rate of 5.0/10,000 person-years (3.9-6.5). Of the cases, 11 were attributed to other drugs, 8 were attributed to fatty liver disease of diabetes, and the remaining cases were attributed to uncertain causes. Oral antidiabetic agents were continued in 51 of these 57 cases, and we could not rule out oral antidiabetic agents as a cause of liver disease in 2 cases with an incidence rate of 0.2/10,000 person-years (&amp;lt; 0.1-0.6). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the background incidence of liver disease was high. Most cases involved other systemic diseases that may cause liver disease.
Low vitamin D serum level is inversely associated with eczema in children and adolescents in Germany
Authors: I. Heimbeck, M. Wjst, C. J. Apfelbacher
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Recent studies have yielded heterogeneous results regarding the relationship between vitamin D and atopic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D level and the prevalence of eczema in German children and adolescents.Data were drawn for children aged 1-17 from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), a nationwide cross-sectional representative survey. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentration was measured in 9838 individuals with eczema and categorized into quartiles. We investigated the association of vitamin D level and eczema by means of logistic regression models.Weighted prevalence of eczema was 13.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.6-14.4%). Mean vitamin D level was significantly higher in those with eczema compared with those without (P < 0.0001). Logistic regression revealed an inverse association between low levels of vitamin D and eczema (multivariate OR for quartile 1 vs quartile 2: 0.76 (95% CI 0.61-0.94)).This study suggests that low serum vitamin D level is inversely associated with eczema in German children and adolescents. Prospective studies are required to confirm this result, to discuss a potential opportunity for prevention of eczema.
A Meta-Analysis of 16 Randomized Trials of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Albert Schömig, Alban Dibra, Stephan Windecker, Julinda Mehilli, José Suárez de Lezo, Christoph Kaiser, Seung-Jung Park, Jean-Jacque Goy, Jae-Hwan Lee, Emilio Di Lorenzo, Jinjin Wu, Peter Jüni, Matthias E. Pfisterer, Bernhard Meier, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Some applications of categorical data analysis to epidemiological studies.
Authors: J E Grizzle, G G Koch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Several examples of categorized data from epidemiological studies are analyzed to illustrate that more informative analysis than tests of independence can be performed by fitting models. All of the analyses fit into a unified conceptual framework that can be performed by weighted least squares. The methods presented show how to calculate point estimate of parameters, asymptotic variances, and asymptotically valid chi 2 tests. The examples presented are analysis of relative risks estimated from several 2 x 2 tables, analysis of selected features of life tables, construction of synthetic life tables from cross-sectional studies, and analysis of dose-response curves.
Police investigate suspicious hospital deaths
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A nurse is under investigation by the Northumbria police after a series of suspicious deaths in the intensive care unit of the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne. The hospital's internal inquiry in February found a senior nursing sister guilty of gross misconduct and suspended her immediately, before sacking her in March. The hospital's solicitor then contacted the coroner Leonard Coyle, who then called in the police.

Four patients are now …
A Rare Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing Polymorphism Overpresented in HLAlow Colon Cancer Reveals the Functional Significance of the Signature Domain in Antigen Processing
Authors: Tianyu Yang, Philip E. Lapinski, Haotian Zhao, Qunmin Zhou, Huiming Zhang, Malini Raghavan, Yang Liu, Pan Zheng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily, is composed of two integral membrane proteins, TAP-1 and TAP-2. Each subunit has a C-terminal nucleotide-binding domain that binds and hydrolyzes ATP to energize peptide translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. A motif comprising the sequence LSGGQ (called the signature motif) and the amino acid that is immediately C-terminal to this motif are highly conserved in the nucleotide-binding domains of ATP-binding cassette transporters. To search for natural variants of TAP-1 with alterations in or near the signature motif, we sequenced the TAP-1 exon 10 amplified from 103 human colon cancer samples. We found a rare TAP-1 allele with an R&amp;gt;Q alteration at a residue immediately C-terminal to the signature motif (R648) that occurred 17.5 times more frequently in colon cancers with down-regulated surface class I MHC than those with normal MHC levels (P = 0.01). Functional analysis revealed that the Q648 variant had significantly reduced peptide translocation activity compared with TAP-1(R648). In addition, we found that mutations S644R, G645R, G646S, and G646D interfered with TAP-1 activity. TAP-1 G646D, which showed the most severe defect, resided normally in the endoplasmic reticulum and associated with the peptide loading complex, but failed to transport peptide across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Thus, a TAP-1 polymorphism adjacent to the signature motif may be a contributing factor for MHC class I down-regulation in colon cancer. Given the widespread defects in DNA mismatch repair in colon cancer, mutations at or near the signature domain can potentially modulate antigen processing.
Mean transit time for the assessment of myocardial perfusion by videodensitometry.
Authors: N H Pijls, G J Uijen, A Hoevelaken, T Arts, W R Aengevaeren, H S Bos, J H Fast, K L van Leeuwen, T van der Werf
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The intrinsic limitations of coronary arteriography to predict the physiological effects of coronary obstructions are well known. Therefore, more direct assessments of the functional significance of coronary stenoses are becoming increasingly important. Study of contrast passage by electrocardiogram-triggered digital radiography has been proposed as a way of assessing changes in myocardial perfusion. The main problems in this approach are the limited time for motionless image acquisition, the potential alteration of vascular volume between different states, and the changing flow pattern induced by contrast agents. This has led to empiric substitution of mean transit time (Tmn) by other time parameters and to representation of vascular volume by maximal contrast intensity (Dmax). To avoid these problems, intact dogs were studied during almost motionless image acquisition of 20-25 consecutive paced heart beats obtained with synchronous radiographic pulses. In this way, unequivocal and reproducible determination of Tmn was possible. Constant and maximal vascular volume was created by continuous infusion of dipyridamole, and it was proved that coronary flow in this model was not influenced by contrast injections. Flow in the circumflex artery was measured by a ring mounted and calibrated Doppler probe. In each dog, flow in the circumflex artery was varied by a balloon occluder in 12 small steps (range, 0-174 +/- 42 ml/min). Inverse appearance time (1/Tapp), Dmax, Dmax/Tapp, inverse time of maximal intensity (1/Tmax), and 1/Tmn were calculated and the relations of these parameters to measured flow were investigated. Tmn proved to be the most reliable parameter for this purpose (r = 0.97 +/- 0.02; mean +/- SD), followed by Tmax (r = 0.93 +/- 0.04). Dmax failed to represent vascular volume but, in fact, showed a moderate correlation with flow (r = 0.78 +/- 0.22), as did Tapp (r = 0.64 +/- 0.18, 0.75 +/- 0.27, and 0.59 +/- 0.26 for the three definitions of Tapp used in this study). Dmax/Tapp correlated better with flow than either component separately. Our results indicate that the mean transit time calculated by videodensitometry can be used to accurately assess changes in myocardial perfusion strictly according to the original principles of indicator dilution theory.
Advances Help Optimize Kidney Transplants
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leucopenia and indomethacin.
Authors: D. Millington
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MEBICLJON 49 practice the diagnosis of hysteria has as much discriminating value as one of headache.Slater's most unreasonable conclusion was that the concept of hysteria is at fault.It should be noted that it is not Slater but Sir Francis Walshe who, by opposing this view, impugns the diagnostic competence of neurologists.
Tumor necrosis factor α sensitizes primary murine hepatocytes to Fas/CD95-induced apoptosis in a Bim- and Bid-dependent manner
Authors: Kathrin Schmich, Rebekka Schlatter, Nadia Corazza, Karine Sá Ferreira, Michael Ederer, Thomas Brunner, Christoph Borner, Irmgard Merfort
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Fas/CD95 is a critical mediator of cell death in many chronic and acute liver diseases and induces apoptosis in primary hepatocytes in vitro . In contrast, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) fails to provoke cell death in isolated hepatocytes but has been implicated in hepatocyte apoptosis during liver diseases associated with chronic inflammation. Here we report that TNFα sensitizes primary murine hepatocytes cultured on collagen to Fas ligand (FasL)–induced apoptosis. This synergism is time-dependent and is specifically mediated by TNFα. Fas itself is essential for the sensitization, but neither Fas up-regulation nor endogenous FasL is responsible for this effect. Although FasL is shown to induce Bid-independent apoptosis in hepatocytes cultured on collagen, the sensitizing effect of TNFα is clearly dependent on Bid. Moreover, both c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and Bim, another B cell lymphoma 2 homology domain 3 (BH3)–only protein, are crucial mediators of TNFα-induced apoptosis sensitization. Bim and Bid activate the mitochondrial amplification loop and induce cytochrome c release, a hallmark of type II apoptosis. The mechanism of TNFα-induced sensitization is supported by a mathematical model that correctly reproduces the biological findings. Finally, our results are physiologically relevant because TNFα also induces sensitivity to agonistic anti-Fas–induced liver damage. Conclusion: Our data suggest that TNFα can cooperate with FasL to induce hepatocyte apoptosis by activating the BH3-only proteins Bim and Bid. (Hepatology 2011.)
Impairment of myocardial O2 supply due to hyperventilation.
Authors: W A Neill, M Hattenhauer
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Thirteen patients with ischemic coronary heart disease purposely hyperventilated for seven minutes in order to induce hypocapnic alkalosis. One patient experienced chest pain, and one exhibited chemical signs of myocardial hypoxia. Heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial O2 consumption did not change significantly. Coronary blood flow decreased and coronary (a-v)O2 difference widened. Since the alkalosis increased the blood O2 affinity, the fall in PO2 in coronary venous blood was proportionately even greater than the fall in O2 concentration. Thus, hypocapnic alkalosis due to hyperventilation interferes with myocardial O2 supply by 1) coronary vasoconstriction and 2) increased O2 affinity of blood.
Superparamagnetic PLGA-iron oxide microcapsules for dual-modality US/MR imaging and high intensity focused US breast cancer ablation
Authors: Yang Sun, Yuanyi Zheng, Haitao Ran, Yang Zhou, Hongxia Shen, Yu Chen, Hangrong Chen, Tianyi M. Krupka, Ao Li, Pan Li, Zhibiao Wang, Zhigang Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Influence of Pregnancy Spacing on Outcome of Pregnancy
Authors: J. Fedrick, P. Adelstein
Journal: BMJ (1973)

To assess the significance of the length of time between two pregnancies on the outcome of the second we used information collected by the British Perinatal Mortality Survey of 1958. From questionnaires on the 16,994 singleton births in the first week of March 1958 and the 7,117 singleton stillbirths and neonatal deaths in March, April, and May 1958 we abstracted information on the date and outcome of any preceding pregnancy. The interpregnancy interval was taken as the length of time between this preceding pregnancy and the last menstrual period before the index pregnancy. The most important factors influencing pregnancy spacing were outcome of the preceding delivery, social class, and maternal age. When these variables had been taken into account we found that the length of interpregnancy interval had little effect on stillbirth rates. High neonatal death rates, however, occurred when interpregnancy intervals were less than six months (P <0.005), though longer intervals had no significant effects.
Coronary Artery Angiography Using Multislice Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Harvey Cline, Curtis Coulam, Mehmet Yavuz, Geoffrey D. Rubin, Peter Edic, TinSu Pan, Yun Shen, Ricardo Avila, Matthew Turek, Maria Iatrou, Ann Loree, Nadeem Ishaque, Robert Senzig
Journal: Circulation (2000)

scanners are the newest class of CT scanners and they have not one but many detectors.These scanners can acquire up to 4 slices of data from the body in the same time it takes a single-slice CT scanner to acquire one.Multislice CT allows for rapid cardiac imaging during a single breath-hold.A multislice scanner operated in helical mode provides information that can be used to reconstruct 3D cardiac images in arbitrary phases of the cardiac cycle.A 71-year-old man with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and known aortic and peripheral vascular disease was imaged with a LightSpeed 4-slice, multislice CT scanner (GE Medical Systems).Ten minutes before the cardiac scan, the patient received intravenous contrast material (150 mL of 300 mgI/mL) for a CT study of his abdomen.The cardiac scan was acquired during a 35-s breath-hold, and simultaneous acquisition of the ECG enabled reconstruction using retrospective gating (Figure 1).The helical pitch was 0.85 (relative to the detector elements), with a 2.5-mm nominal slice thickness (interpolated to 0.625 mm).The interpolated volume elements (voxels) were 0.39ϫ0.39ϫ0.625 mm in a 512ϫ512ϫ130 data matrix covering a 200ϫ200ϫ81 mm volume.The effective temporal acquisition window was 160
The Changing HIV Epidemic in Mexico
Authors: Jose R. Castillo-Mancilla
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The Commentary on Mexicos evolving human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic by Drs Strathdee and Magis-Rodriguez raised the question of what other countries can learn from Mexicos experience. There is one relevant point the authors did not discuss. Transfusion-associated HIV infection (TAHI) is still a latent concern in some developing countries. Despite the goal set by the World Health Organization in 1997 for all blood donations to come from unpaid volunteer donors as of 2006 only 49 of 124 countries surveyed had established this as a standard and many still relied heavily on paid and unsafe donors. An estimated 77% of donations in developing countries are from voluntary unpaid donors compared with 92% in developed countries and more than 1 million blood units were collected from paid donors in 2006.2 Mexico is an example that even in countries with limited resources TAHI can be successfully controlled if the appropriate measures are undertaken. In 1986 an epidemic of HIV infection among paid blood and plasma donors was identified in Mexico. These paid donors provided one-third of the blood supply and led to the infection of many women who were childbearing-age.4 In May 1987 because of noncompliance by Mexican blood and plasma banks with a 1986 law that mandated HIV screening of all products the Mexican government approved a law explicitly prohibiting the sale of all blood and blood products in Mexico thus ending the epidemic in paid donors and recipients. The apparent effects of these public health measures were observed in a group of 157 Mexican patients with TAHI who were studied between 1980 and 1996. The case frequency of TAHI by year of transfusion was 1 (0.6%) in 1980 and in 1981 7 (4.5%) in 1984 34 (22.4%) in 1985 85 (54.5%) in 1986 16 (10.3%) in 1987 1 (0.6%) in 1988 3 (1.9%) in 1989 and in 1990 2 (1.3%) in 1993 and 1 (0.6%) in 1994 and in 1996. Mexico is an example of how responsible public health measures can have positive results even in economically restricted environments. Similar actions could have a major effect on the HIV epidemic of many other developing countries. Adequate supply of safe blood can be assured only by regular donations from voluntary unpaid donors which should continue to be a major focus for the prevention of HIV transmission worldwide. (full-text)
Doctors object to a wider role for surgical care practitioners
Authors: Colleen Shannon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Junior doctors have warned that allowing nurses, therapists, and technicians to perform basic surgical procedures would jeopardise patients' safety and diminish training opportunities for trainee surgeons.

At an annual conference for junior doctors held last week, delegates urged the BMA to oppose a new policy that would formalise the role of surgical care practitioners. The trainees believe that a political drive to cut costs and waiting lists underlies the proposals regarding such practitioners, which a conference resolution portrayed as “a misguided attempt by government to reach its arbitrary targets and to trick patients into …
Percutaneous Endoscopic Cecostomy for Antegrade Colonic Irrigation in Fecally Incontinent Children
Authors: F. De Peppo, B. D. Iacobelli, M. De Gennaro, M. Colajacomo, M. Rivosecchi
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

The Malone surgical procedure for antegrade continence enema (ACE) greatly improves the quality of life of many patients with fecal incontinence but has several complications. This report describes a technique of percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy (PEC) which was applied in three children with fecal incontinence secondary to anorectal malformation or spina bifida. Using a pediatric fiberscope, a colonoscopy was done which reached the right colon. An intraoperative ultrasound examination confirmed the position of the cecum just below the layers of the abdominal wall. The cecostomy tube was then percutaneously inserted, imitating the steps of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) using the pull technique. The preliminary results are very encouraging: there are no procedure-related complications in this small series; all the patients are able to carry out the antegrade enema by themselves; and complete control of defecation has been obtained.
W. Müller (Trans. T. G. Tegler) “The Knee: Form, Function and Ligament Reconstruction”
Authors: M. L. Harding
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

This is an excellent book which is addressed to the problems of ligament injury and reconstruction.Published by Springer-Verlag, to their usual high standard, the format is of beautiful illustrative diagrams, combined with operative photographs and where appropriate, dissected specimens.The text, for the most part, is easy to follow.Part I deals with anatomy, kinematics and the examination of the injured knee.Part II describes injuries of the ligaments and capsule, general operative technique, primary repair, secondary repair, rehabilitation and results.
After Bloomberg: what's next for public health?
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

New York City has long been a world leader. From fashion and finance to the cronut—the surely epoch defining combination of croissant and donut—where the city leads, the world often follows.

Over the past decade, it has also become an unassailable global leader in public health. Under the mayorship of Michael Bloomberg, following the bans on smoking in public places and trans fats in restaurant foods, came 200 miles of cycle lanes, a bike share scheme, and 500 “Green Cart” permits for mobile fruit and vegetable vendors. …
Sequential monitoring of chimerism and detection of minimal residual disease after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation (BSCT) using multiplex PCR amplification of short tandem repeat-markers
Authors: C Thiede, M Bornhäuser, U Oelschlägel, C Brendel, R Leo, H Daxberger, B Mohr, M Florek, F Kroschinsky, G Geissler, R Naumann, M Ritter, G Prange-Krex, T Lion, A Neubauer, G Ehninger
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Disparate Cardiovascular Findings in Men and Women with Essential Hypertension
Authors: FRANZ H. MESSERLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

We measured systemic hemodynamic, volume, and endocrine findings in 100 hypertensive women matched to 100 men by mean arterial pressure, age, race, and body surface area. Women had a higher resting heart rate, cardiac index, and pulse pressure and lower total peripheral resistance (all p < 0.01) than men with the same pressure level. Isometric stress caused an increase in arterial pressure that was almost 50% higher in men than in women. The sexual difference in cardiovascular findings was significant before but not after menopause. For any level of arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance (and therefore the risk of hypertensive cardiovascular disease) was lower in women than in men. We conclude that premenopausal women are hemodynamically younger than men of the same chronologic age. Our study identifies a pathophysiologic mechanism for the clinical and epidemiologic finding that essential hypertension is less lethal in women than in men.