tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The physician as rescuer
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Distribution, activation and tryptase/chymase phenotype of mast cells in the rheumatoid lesion.
Authors: L.C Tetlow, D.E Woolley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To determine the distribution, activation, and tryptase/chymase phenotype of mast cells (MCs) in the rheumatoid lesion. MC tryptase and chymase were studied by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies and examination by brightfield, interference, and fluorescent microscopy. Thirty four specimens of cartilage-pannus junction and 26 specimens of rheumatoid synovium, all derived from knee surgery, were examined. MCs were identified in all specimens examined, but their distribution and local concentrations varied, both within and between specimens. As a proportion of total synovial cells, there were more MCs in fibrous synovial tissues than in those with active inflammatory cell infiltrations; MCs usually showed a peripheral distribution around lymphocytic/mononuclear cell infiltrations. Most cartilage-pannus specimens demonstrated local concentrations of MCs at, or close to, sites of cartilage erosion, a significant proportion of which showed extracellular tryptase indicative of MC degranulation. MC degranulation was often associated with localised oedema and disruption of the stromal matrix. Two MC phenotypes were identified: one population contained tryptase alone (MCT) whilst another contained both tryptase and chymase (MCTC). The ratio MCT:MCTC approximated 8:1. This histological study demonstrated that local concentrations of MCs and their activation/degranulation are commonly observed in the rheumatoid lesion, and especially at sites of cartilage erosion. Such observations add weight to the concept that MCs contribute to the processes of inflammation, matrix degradation and tissue remodelling.
New French government will try to reduce health costs
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The priority of the new Socialist government in France will be to reduce health costs, with the deficit in the health insurance branch of the social security system expected to reach Fr72bn (£8bn; $12.8bn) in 1996-7.



Dr Bernard Kouchner and Martine Aubry face a tough challenge

AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE



The prime minister, Lionel Jospin, promised during his campaign not to reduce the reimbursement of patients' bills, but he remained …
Siebrandus Sixtius: evidence of rheumatoid arthritis of the robust reaction type in a seventeenth century Dutch priest.
Authors: J Dequeker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Rheumatoid arthritis of the robust reaction type has been diagnosed in a seventeenth century Dutch priest, Siebrandus Sixtius, based on pictorial evidence of typical hand deformities and historical evidence affirming that he had chronic nodular rheumatism for many years. This case report, in conjunction with other pictorial depictions of probable rheumatoid arthritis, questions the view that rheumatoid arthritis is a modern disease which prevailed in the New World and was found in the Old World only after the discovery of America.
Indoor, outdoor, and regional summer and winter concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO4(2)-, H+, NH4+, NO3-, NH3, and nitrous acid in homes with and without kerosene space heaters.
Authors: B P Leaderer, L Naeher, T Jankun, K Balenger, T R Holford, C Toth, J Sullivan, J M Wolfson, P Koutrakis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Twenty-four-hour samples of PM10 (mass of particles with aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm), PM2.5, (mass of particles with aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm), particle strong acidity (H+), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3), nitrous acid (HONO), and sulfur dioxide were collected inside and outside of 281 homes during winter and summer periods. Measurements were also conducted during summer periods at a regional site. A total of 58 homes of nonsmokers were sampled during the summer periods and 223 homes were sampled during the winter periods. Seventy-four of the homes sampled during the winter reported the use of a kerosene heater. All homes sampled in the summer were located in southwest Virginia. All but 20 homes sampled in the winter were also located in southwest Virginia; the remainder of the homes were located in Connecticut. For homes without tobacco combustion, the regional air monitoring site (Vinton, VA) appeared to provide a reasonable estimate of concentrations of PM2.5 and SO42- during summer months outside and inside homes within the region, even when a substantial number of the homes used air conditioning. Average indoor/outdoor ratios for PM2.5 and SO42- during the summer period were 1.03 +/- 0.71 and 0.74 +/- 0.53, respectively. The indoor/outdoor mean ratio for sulfate suggests that on average approximately 75% of the fine aerosol indoors during the summer is associated with outdoor sources. Kerosene heater use during the winter months, in the absence of tobacco combustion, results in substantial increases in indoor concentrations of PM2.5, SO42-, and possibly H+, as compared to homes without kerosene heaters. During their use, we estimated that kerosene heaters added, on average, approximately 40 microg/m3 of PM2.5 and 15 microg/m3 of SO42- to background residential levels of 18 and 2 microg/m3, respectively. Results from using sulfuric acid-doped Teflon (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, DE) filters in homes with kerosene heaters suggest that acid particle concentrations may be substantially higher than those measured because of acid neutralization by ammonia. During the summer and winter periods indoor concentrations of ammonia are an order of magnitude higher indoors than outdoors and appear to result in lower indoor acid particle concentrations. Nitrous acid levels are higher indoors than outdoors during both winter and summer and are substantially higher in homes with unvented combustion sources.
The Dynamic Nature of Eukaryotic Genomes
Authors: L. W. Parfrey, D. J. G. Lahr, L. A. Katz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Analyses of diverse eukaryotes reveal that genomes are dynamic, sometimes dramatically so. In numerous lineages across the eukaryotic tree of life, DNA content varies within individuals throughout life cycles and among individuals within species. Discovery of examples of genome dynamism is accelerating as genome sequences are completed from diverse eukaryotes. Though much is known about genomes in animals, fungi, and plants, these lineages represent only 3 of the 60-200 lineages of eukaryotes. Here, we discuss diverse genomic strategies in exemplar eukaryotic lineages, including numerous microbial eukaryotes, to reveal dramatic variation that challenges established views of genome evolution. For example, in the life cycle of some members of the "radiolaria," ploidy increases from haploid (N) to approximately 1,000N, whereas intrapopulation variability of the enteric parasite Entamoeba ranges from 4N to 40N. Variation has also been found within our own species, with substantial differences in both gene content and chromosome lengths between individuals. Data on the dynamic nature of genomes shift the perception of the genome from being fixed and characteristic of a species (typological) to plastic due to variation within and between species.
Effect of Unilateral Anoxia on Pulmonary Circulation
Authors: FELIPE J. LANARI-ZUBIAUR, W. F. HAMILTON
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Measurements were made of venous drainage from the right and left lower lobes of dogs' lungs. Blood supply was normal and breathing spontaneous. One lung was ventilated with air or oxygen and the other with nitrogen. Control and experimental flows were highly variable and though the anoxic lung received a smaller flow that was significantly different, the physiologic consequence of this fact is doubtful.
A NOTE ON THE TREATMENT OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: ALFRED C. CROFTAN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>UNDERLYING FACTS AND PRINCIPLES</h3> Disturbances of the gastric function, varying from mild degrees of dyspepsia to complete achylia gastrica, almost invariably precede pernicious anemia and accompany it throughout. Whether the anemia (remaining undiscovered) is primary, the dyspepsia secondary, or<i>vice versa</i>, it is generally difficult to decide, and I am strongly inclined to the belief from a study of many case reports and from personal observations that gastrointestinal disorders in the overwhelming majority of the cases usher in the disease. One could consequently imagine such cases of pernicious anemia to be the result either of chronic undernutrition or of a gastro-intestinal self-intoxication resulting from perverted digestive secretion, or both. The fact that not every case of chronic undernutrition or of autointoxication develops into pernicious anemia calls for the inclusion of some specific factor or factors of hitherto unknown character, possibly of varying origin, of which the bothriocephalus toxemia, for instance,
Monitoring lithium treatment.
Authors: J. S. Hellewell, E. W. Pugh
Journal: BMJ (1992)

asthma need to be appraised critically.For example, the number of admissions to hospital is often used as evidence of bad care of asthma in general practice.Admission to hospital may, however, often be appropriate.If we can remove the stigma attached to admissions for acute asthma generated by general practitioners junior hospital doctors may take our referrals for admission more seriously.
Acquisition of Androgen Independence by Human Prostate Epithelial Cells during Arsenic-Induced Malignant Transformation
Authors: Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Mukta M. Webber, Michael P. Waalkes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Lethal phenotypes of human prostate cancer are characterized by progression to androgen independence, although the mechanisms behind this progression remain unclear. Arsenic is a potential human prostate carcinogen that may affect tumor progression. In this study, we used a prostate cancer cell model in which an immortalized, nontumorigenic human prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1) had been malignantly transformed by chronic low-level arsenic to help determine whether arsenic affects prostate tumor progression. Control and CAsE-PE (chronic-arsenic-exposed human prostate epithelial) cells were continuously maintained in a complete medium [keratinocyte serum-free medium (K-SFM) with bovine pituitary extract and epidermal growth factor] or in a steroid-depleted medium (K-SFM alone). The arsenic-transformed cells showed a more rapid proliferation rate in complete medium than did control cells and also showed sustained proliferation in steroid-reduced medium. Although both control and CAsE-PE cells showed similar levels of androgen receptor (AR), androgens were less effective in stimulating cell proliferation and AR-related gene expression in CAsE-PE cells. For instance, dihydrotestosterone caused a 4.5-fold increase in prostate-specific antigen transcript in control cells but only a 1.5-fold increase in CAsE-PE cells. CAsE-PE cells also showed relatively low levels of growth stimulation by nonandrogen steroids, such as estradiol. Thus, arsenic-induced malignant transformation is associated with acquired androgen independence in human prostate cells. This acquired androgen independence was apparently not due to AR up-regulation, increased activity, or altered ligand specificity. The precise manner in which arsenic altered CAsE-PE growth and progression is undefined but may involve a bypass of AR involving direct stimulation of downstream signaling pathways.
Small Intestinal Complications of Diverticulitis of the Sigmoid Colon
Authors: David Frager
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THE CLINICAL and radiological manifestations of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon are well recognized. Mild cases respond to medical therapy, while more severe and complicated cases require surgical intervention in approximately 25% to 33% of instances.<sup>1,2</sup>The barium enema examination usually demonstrates the following: (1) paracolic abscess or fistula, (2) spasm of the sigmoid colon, (3) stricturing of the sigmoid, often with complete obstruction, and (4) fistulas to other viscera, particularly the urinary bladder.<sup>3</sup>This study describes the less recognized clinical and radiological findings of small intestinal involvement as a complication of diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> One hundred forty cases of<i>pathologically documented</i>diverticulitis of the sigmoid, identified at Montefiore Medical Center between January 1980 and December 1985, were reviewed retrospectively. Ten (7.1%) of the patients had evidence of small intestinal involvement at surgery. Nine of these ten patients had a contrast enema examination,
Lyn-mediated procaspase 8 dimerization blocks apoptotic signaling in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Francesca Zonta, Mario Angelo Pagano, Livio Trentin, Elena Tibaldi, Federica Frezzato, Cristina Gattazzo, Veronica Martini, Valentina Trimarco, Marco Mazzorana, Luciana Bordin, Gianpietro Semenzato, Anna Maria Brunati
Journal: Blood (2013)
Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: Bayesian modeling of genetic associations
Authors: Paola Sebastiani, Ling Wang, Vikki G. Nolan, Efthymia Melista, Qianli Ma, Clinton T. Baldwin, Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in: (1) the β‐globin gene‐like cluster, (2) quantitative trait loci (QTL) previously associated with fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentration on chromosomes 6q, 8q, and Xp, and (3) candidate genes that could effect HbF levels, in sickle cell anemia subjects. HbF concentration was modeled as a continuous variable with values in a finite interval using a novel Bayesian approach. We first tested the associations of SNPs with HbF in a group of 1,518 adults and children (CSSCD study), and validated the results in a second independent group of 211 adults (MSH study). In subjects aged ≥24 years, 5 SNPs in TOX (8q12.1), 2 SNPs in the β‐globin gene‐like cluster, 2 SNPs in the Xp QTL, and 1 SNP in chromosome 15q22 were associated with HbF in the CSSCD and also validated in the MSH. Four other SNPs in 15q22 were associated with HbF only in the larger CSSCD data. When patients aged &lt;24 years in the CSSCD were examined, additional genes, including 4 with roles in nitric oxide metabolism, were associated with HbF level. These studies confirm prior analyses using traditional analytical approaches showing associations of SNPs in TOX, GPM6B , and the β‐globin gene‐like cluster with HbF levels. We also identified an additional candidate regulatory region in chromosome 15q22 that is associated with HbF level. By stratifying patients by age, our results also suggest that different genes might modulate the rate of decline of HbF and the final level of HbF levels in sickle cell anemia. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SYK Inhibition Modulates Distinct PI3K/AKT- Dependent Survival Pathways and Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Linfeng Chen, Stefano Monti, Przemyslaw Juszczynski, Jing Ouyang, Bjoern Chapuy, Donna Neuberg, John G. Doench, Agata M. Bogusz, Thomas M. Habermann, Ahmet Dogan, Thomas E. Witzig, Jeffery L. Kutok, Scott J. Rodig, Todd Golub, Margaret A. Shipp
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Anorexia Nervosa: A Study in Prognosis and Management
Authors: CHARLES H. BROWNING, SHELDON I. MILLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

In order to investigate the prognosis and management of anorexia nervosa, the authors made a follow-up study of 36 female patients who had been hospitalized with that diagnosis. Very few of the patients died. The authors feel that the physician should not be coerced into a pattern of action which duplicates the behavior of the patients' parents and that the criteria for hospitalizing an anorectic patient should be similar to those for hospitalizing any patient; hospitalization should not be considered a prerequisite for successful outcome.
A Lymphatic Approach to Tissue Injury
Authors: G. P. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

WHEN any organ or tissue is damaged or injured an inflammatory reaction takes place in the damaged area. The main signs of such an inflammatory response —redness, heat, and swelling — are of vascular origin. The redness and heat result from an increase in the size of the small blood vessels that are normally invisible to the naked eye. Swelling results from the passage of fluid from the small blood vessels into the space around them. During injury the walls of the blood vessels become more permeable to water and larger molecules such as proteins. The presence of these materials . . .
Part of hospitals' funding will depend on patient satisfaction ratings from 2010-11
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Up to 10% of a hospital’s income will be linked to patients’ satisfaction with its services, the health secretary announced as part of his five year plan for the NHS in England.

Andy Burnham told a conference of NHS executives in London on 10 December that the move was a “symbolic shift towards a patient centred service.”

The five year strategy emphasises the need to accelerate reforms of the NHS to make the system more productive while continuing to improve quality of care.

Mr Burnham said, “It is time to take our improving NHS from good to great. This means a new drive towards a more preventive and people centred service—better for patients but also productive.”

The chancellor of the exchequer’s prebudget report confirmed that the NHS is being allowed to keep the £1.3bn (€1.4bn; $2.1bn) surplus it currently holds and that frontline NHS spending will be protected for the two years to 2012-13. Mr Burnham said that this “substantial” increase in funding means that “we can lock in the achievements of the last decade.”

He added: “Our waiting times targets will become permanent rights in the NHS Constitution.” 

However, efficiency savings of £15-20bn still need to be made over the three year period from …
Physician Education in Addiction Medicine
Authors: Evan Wood, Jeffrey H. Samet, Nora D. Volkow
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thyroid hormone modulation of the hypothalamic growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor-pituitary GH axis in the rat.
Authors: N Miki, M Ono, N Hizuka, T Aoki, H Demura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Both thyroid hormone and hypothalamic growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor (GRF) facilitate pituitary somatotroph function. However, the pathophysiological role of thyroid hormone in GRF secretion is less well understood. Thyrotoxicosis, induced by administration of thyroxine (T4) in rats, inhibited both pituitary GH levels and immunoreactive GRF secretion from incubated hypothalamus. At the highest dose of T4 given for 12 d, GRF secretion and pituitary GH decreased by 50 and 39%, respectively. Hypothyroidism induced by thyroidectomy (Tx) enhanced GRF secretion approximately twofold while depleting pituitary GH by greater than 99%. Both of these hypothalamic and pituitary effects were reversed by replacement of T4 but not human GH for 7 or 14 d. Human GH was as potent as T4 in restoring decreased body weight gains or serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in Tx rats. These results indicate that at both physiological and pathological concentrations in serum, thyroid hormone acts as an inhibitory modulator of GRF secretion, probably not involving a feedback mechanism through GH. A biphasic effect of thyroid hormone on pituitary GH levels appears to derive from the difference in primary target tissues of hyper- and hypothyroidism, the hypothalamus and the pituitary, respectively.
Statistics Notes: Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements
Authors: A. J Vickers, D. G Altman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

In many randomised trials researchers measure a continuous variable at baseline and again as an outcome assessed at follow up. Baseline measurements are common in trials of chronic conditions where researchers want to see whether a treatment can reduce pre-existing levels of pain, anxiety, hypertension, and the like.

Statistical comparisons in such trials can be made in several ways. Comparison of follow up (post-treatment) scores will give a result such as “at the end of the trial, mean pain scores were 15 mm (95% confidence interval 10 to 20 mm) lower in the treatment group.” Alternatively a change score can be calculated by subtracting the follow up score from the baseline score, leading to a statement such as “pain reductions were 20 mm (16 to 24 mm) greater on treatment than control.” If the average baseline scores are the same in each group the estimated treatment effect will be the same using these two simple approaches. If the treatment is effective the statistical significance of the treatment effect by the two methods will depend on the correlation between baseline and follow up scores. If the correlation is low using the change score will …