tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dupuytren's contracture and alcohol.
Authors: A Bradlow, A G Mowat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Reported alcohol consumption was quantified and scored by a validated questionnaire administered by an interviewer to 64 patients (10 female) with Dupuytren's contracture (DC) before hand surgery and to 89 controls (44 female) admitted for other hand or foot surgery. Serum urate (SUA), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and mean red cell volume (MCV) were measured on admission. Thirteen of 54 men with DC reported current daily alcohol intake of 40 g or more compared with one of 45 male controls (p = 0.0001). Two of 10 women with DC (but none of 44 controls) admitted consuming at least 40 g alcohol daily (p = 0.03). MCV was higher in men (but not women) with DC than in controls (p less than 0.0005). Current alcohol consumption score of patients with DC correlated with SUA (r = 0.308, p less than 0.05), MCV (r = 0.44, p less than 0.01), and GGT (r = 0.54, p much less than 0.001) on admission. DC among men is strongly associated with heavy drinking, reflected both in self reporting and haematological data.
Suppurative pericarditis complicating myocardial infarction.
Authors: M. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Rubella-Vesikai and Vaheri BRmTISH 223 body by the present method may prove a useful aid in the diagnosis of rubella up to three to four weeks after the infection.Greater accuracy and better reproducibility in titrating the fractions are naturally obtained by using the conservative tube dilution method, with either twofold or 1.5-fold dilutions.With regard to the rapidity and simplicity of the microtitre system with a multimicrodiluter handle, the results seemed to be satisfactory for a routine diagnostic procedure.It remains to be established whether the immune globulin response is different in the hypothetical case of rubella reinfec- tion, the sole IgG type of response being a considerable limita- tion for the usefulness of the described method.So far, in each early convalescent rubella serum studied we have been able to demonstrate at least a small amount of IgM antibody.Rubella vaccination experiments will presumably offer a chance of studying this problem.During the preparation of this paper Banatvala et al. (1967) reported a method for the diagnosis of recent rubella infection by using 2-mercaptoethanol treatment with subsequent parallel titration of the treated and untreated serum samples.In 17 early convalescent sera studied they demonstrated a fourfold reduction in three cases, a twofold reduction in 10 cases, and no H.I. titre reduction in four cases.It has been our experience that with regard to the reproducibility of the rubella H.I. test a twofold difference can hardly be regarded as significant.Thus in the acute phase with a positive H.I. titre the 2- mercaptoethanol method may prove useful.However, at least in delayed cases with early convalescent phase sera, the present method probably gives more reliable results. SummaryRubella IgM antibody with haemagglutination-inhibiting activity was regularly demonstrated in early convalescent sera by sedimentation analysis in sucrose gradients.This provided a method of serological diagnosis of recent rubella infection In cases where the first blood sample was delayed and no rise in total antibody titre could be demonstrated.The gradient centrifugation method was employed in 13 problem cases of pregnant women with a history of a recent rubella-like disease, and IgM antibody was found in five of these.
Emerging role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac and vascular protection.
Authors: E M Lonn, S Yusuf, P Jha, T J Montague, K K Teo, C R Benedict, B Pitt
Journal: Circulation (1994)

ngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are commonly used drugs in the management of a variety of cardiovascular diseases.They are effective antihypertensive agents.1-3Early studies have demonstrated reductions in mortality and symptoms of heart failure in patients with severe congestive heart failure.4More recently, clinical trials have demon- strated reductions in mortality and in hospitalizations for heart failure when these agents were used in pa- tients with moderate left ventricular dysfunction, with and without overt heart failure, further expanding the clinical value of these drugs in the management of patients with cardiac diseases.These benefits have been observed consistently in several trials,5-7 in patients with ischemic and nonischemic causes for the left ventricular dysfunction and with or without recent myocardial infarction.The reductions in progressive heart failure and mortality in these patients are at least partly related to a beneficial effect on left ventricular remodeling and reductions in left ventricular enlargement.8-10Other potential beneficial effects of these agents, such as regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and retarda- tion of the rate of loss of renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy, have been brought into focus by recent trials and also by experimental studies that explore their mechanisms of action.A new and important potential role for ACE inhibi- tors is suggested by the recent trials in patients with low ejection fraction, which documented a significant reduc- tion in major ischemic events such as myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and the need for coronary revascularization procedures.In addition, parallel epi- demiological, genetic, and experimental studies suggest that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may have a role in the development of coronary artery disease
Abstract 3558: The role of miRNA in PAX3-FKHR positive rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Shannon Muir, Jason Nathanson, Melissa Wilbert, Gene Yeo, Frank Furnari, Karen Arden, Webster Cavenee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed pediatric soft tissue cancer. Tumors may develop in several locations, but all tumors express markers of undifferentiated skeletal muscle tissue. Of the two main rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes, the alveolar subtype leads to a much poorer prognosis than the embryonal subtype. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is characterized by a chromosomal translocation between either chromosomes 1 and 13, or more commonly 2 and 13, which creates the fusion genes PAX7-FKHR or PAX3-FKHR, respectively. The fusion genes encode a protein that contains the PAX DNA binding domain and the FKHR transactivation domain, but the mechanism of disease of the fusion protein has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we use gain of function and loss of function techniques to study the effect of PAX3-FKHR on miRNA expression. Using small RNA-seq, we show that PAX3-FKHR expression leads to an upregulation of microRNAs mir-495 and miR-543. Examination of the mir-495 and mir-543 genes revealed conserved PAX3 binding sites. We further investigate the effect of the microRNAs on rhabdomyosarcoma cell differentiation and tumorigenicity. Citation Format: Shannon Muir, Jason Nathanson, Melissa Wilbert, Gene Yeo, Frank Furnari, Karen Arden, Webster Cavenee. The role of miRNA in PAX3-FKHR positive rhabdomyosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3558. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3558
Increased numbers of alpha receptors in sympathetic denervation supersensitivity in man.
Authors: B Davies, D Sudera, G Sagnella, E Marchesi-Saviotti, C Mathias, R Bannister, P Sever
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of norepinephrine and the properties of alpha receptors on platelets were compared in normal human subjects and subjects with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and sympathetic degeneration. All the subjects with MSA had low plasma norepinephrine concentrations (in the supine position) (0.42 +/- 0.09 nM, normal 3.47 +/- 0.58 nM), which did not increase on tilt. The pressor sensitivity of subjects with MSA to norepinephrine infusion was increased 10- to 20-fold, demonstrating denervation supersensitivity to adrenergic agonists. Analysis of alpha receptors was by binding of [3H]dihydroergocryptine to platelets. Results are shown as mean +/- standard error of the mean. In the MSA subjects, the number of alpha receptors (1,712 +/- 699 fmol/10(8) platelets) was about sevenfold greater than in normal subjects (224 +/- 21 fmol/10(8) platelets), and the affinity, as measured by the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), was similar in both groups (MSA subjects, 9.6 +/- 4.3 nM; normal subjects, 4 +/- 0.5 nM). These observations suggest that an increase in alphaadrenergic receptor numbers may account for the denervation supersensitivity to infused norepinephrine in patients with sympathetic degeneration. All the subjects with MSA had low levels of the endogenous adrenergic transmitter norepinephrine: the simultaneous increase in alpha adrenergic receptors supports the theory of agonist regulation of receptor numbers.
Radical surgery for mesothelioma
Authors: T. Treasure
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The epidemic is still to peak and we need more research to manage it 

One in every hundred men born in the 1940s will die of die of malignant pleural mesothelioma, which is almost exclusively a consequence of exposure to asbestos, with a lag time that is rarely less than 25 years and often more than 50 years from first exposure. Half of all cases are now aged over 70, with 80% in men. For a man first exposed as a teenager, who remained in a high risk occupation, such as insulation, throughout his working life, the lifetime risk of mesothelioma can be as high as one in five.w1 There are now over 1800 deaths per year in Britain (about one in 200 of all deaths in men and one in 1500 in women), and the number is still increasing.1 w2 As exposure in the United Kingdom continued until 1980 the peak of the epidemic is still to come, and we need a strategy to manage these patients.

Asbestos was a valuable and versatile material and imports rose after the second world war when it was widely used as an insulator, in the manufacture of filters, cements, friction products, and as a fire retardant. It found a place in shipbuilding and industry and was used extensively in building in the form of light workable boards.2 It was a convenient partitioning material that …
Secondarily solitary: the evolutionary loss of social behavior
Authors: William T. Wcislo, Bryan N. Danforth
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (1997)

Studies of social behavior frequently assume that evolution proceeds from a solitary state to a social one, and social to social lineages give rise to line are also social, excluding parasitic taxa. Recent phylogenetic studies of some bees contradict this assumption, and more examples are known or hypothesized in other animals. Social behaviour can be lost to give rise to species that are secondarily solitary. Studies of the conditions to the suppression or loss of social behavior can help to illuminate those factors that lead to its origins and maintenance.
Pathways to complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Authors: B Collett, A Alhaq, N B Abdullah, L Korjtsas, R J Ware, N J Dodd, E Alimo, J Ponte, D Vergani
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Complement activation was assessed in 34 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Arterial concentrations of complement fragments Ba and C3d rose in all patients, the increase in Ba preceding that of C3d. At the same time as complement fragments were being generated the arterial neutrophil count fell. These findings suggest (a) that complement activation is initiated by the alternative pathway during cardiopulmonary bypass and (b) that complement activation mediates loss of neutrophils during bypass. Complement mediated loss of neutrophils during the analogous setting of haemodialysis is the result of leucosequestration in the pulmonary vasculature. During cardiopulmonary bypass the lungs are out of circuit, so that activated leucocytes may sequester in other target organs. This may be an aetiological factor in the multi-organ failure occasionally seen after uneventful cardiopulmonary bypass.
Protected Carotid Stenting in High-Risk Patients With Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Robert D. Safian, John F. Bresnahan, Michael R. Jaff, Malcolm Foster, J. Michael Bacharach, Brijeshwar Maini, Mark Turco, Subbarao Myla, Gustav Eles, Gary M. Ansel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Immunology of the Lower Respiratory Tract II. THE PLAQUE-FORMING RESPONSE OF CANINE LYPHOID TISSUES TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES AFTER INTRAPULMONARY OR INTRAVENOUS IMMUNIZATION
Authors: H. B. Kaltreider, L. Kyselka, S. E. Salmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Groups of dogs were immunized with sheep erythrocytes administered either directly into the lower respiratory tract (bronchoalveolar spaces) or intravenously. The hemolytic plaque-forming response (Jerne plaque assay) was studied in various canine lymphoid populations (bronchoalveolar cells, hilar lymph nodes, peripheral lymph nodes, and splenic and peripheral blood leukocytes) as a function of time after immunization and as a function of the dose of antigen administered. Serum hemagglutinating antibody titers against sheep erythrocytes were also measured. Intrapulmonary and intravenous administration of sheep erythrocytes to dogs both result in an immune response, the kinetics of which are identical to those observed in other animal species. At equivalent doses, the intravenous route is more efficient than the intrapulmonary route in generating serum hemagglutinating antibodies and antibody-forming cells. Both routes give rise transiently to circulating antibody-forming cells during the primary response; the distribution in tissues of antibody-forming cells is distinctive and unique, depending on the route of immunization. After i.v. immunization, antibody-forming cells are found predominately in spleen, blood, and bronchoalveolar spaces; after intrapulmonary immunization, they are located predominately in hilar lymph nodes, blood, and bronchoalveolar spaces. The reasons for this pattern of distribution are not known. Both routes of immunization are equally effective in populating bronchoalveolar air spaces with antibody-forming cells, which are predominately IgM-secreting and IgG-secreting cells. IgA-secreting cells were not detected.
Major histocompatibility restriction of antigen recognition by T cells in a recipient of haplotype mismatched human bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: E Chu, D Umetsu, F Rosen, R S Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Immune T cells proliferate in response to antigen that is recognized in association with self-Ia determinants. T cells from a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency that has been successfully reconstituted with haplotype-mismatched, maternal bone marrow were studied in an attempt to understand the development of Ia restriction of antigen recognition in man. All the patient's T cells were of maternal origin as determined by HLA typing. The patient received a series of three immunizations with tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen between the 6th and 14th week posttransplant. TT-specific T cell lines were established from the patient's peripheral blood at 6 and 8 mo posttransplantation and were maintained in culture in the presence of irradiated monocytes from the patient, TT antigen, and interleukin-2. HLA typing of the two T cell lines revealed them to be exclusively of donor origin. Both T cell lines could proliferate to TT in the presence of monocytes derived from either the patient's mother or father. In contrast, a TT-specific T cell line obtained from the patient's mother proliferated to TT in the presence of autologous monocytes, but not in the presence of monocytes derived from the patient's father. Studies using monocytes from a panel of HLA-typed donors indicated that the patient's T cell lines proliferated to TT in the presence of monocytes that expressed the paternal DR antigen (HLA-DR4) inherited by the patient but not in the presence of monocytes that expressed the paternal DR antigen (HLA-DR1) not inherited by the patient or in the presence of monocytes bearing irrelevant DR antigens. Monocytes that expressed either one of the two maternal DR antigens (HLA-DR3 and DR5) could support the proliferation of the patient's T cell lines in response to TT antigen. HLA typing of the patient's monocytes at 6 mo post-transplant revealed only recipient HLA-DR antigens (HLA-DR3 and DR4). At 12 mo posttransplant, the patient's monocytes expressed recipient HLA-DR antigens as well as the non-shared HLA-DR5 antigen of donor origin. The results of the present study indicate that T cells of human bone marrow chimera recognized antigen in the context of Ia determinants of recipient origin. The apparent recognition of antigen by the chimera's T cells in the context of donor Ia determinants that were not shared with the recipient is discussed.
Expression of T-cell activation marker CD134 (OX40) in lymphomatoid papulosis
Authors: R. Gniadecki, K. Rossen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

CD134/OX40 and CD30 are transmembrane proteins from the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family present selectively on activated T cells. TNFR-related proteins are crucially involved in the regulation of proliferation and survival of normal and malignant lymphohaematopoietic cells. CD30 has been used for the immunophenotyping and subclassification of cutaneous lymphomas; virtually nothing is known, however, about the expression pattern of CD134 in lymphoid skin malignancies.To determine CD134 expression in cutaneous lymphoma and benign inflammatory disorders.Biopsy material was obtained from patients with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP, n = 42), mycosis fungoides (n = 21), Jessner's infiltrates (n = 10) and non-specific dermatitis (n = 14). The expression of CD134 and CD30 was scored after immunohistochemical staining with appropriate monoclonal antibodies. The proportion of G2 + S phase cells was determined by laser scanning cytometry from nuclei obtained from paraffin-embedded biopsies.Few, single and scattered CD134+ cells (< 10%) were observed in the benign inflammatory infiltrations and in mycosis fungoides. A subset of 16 patients with LyP presented with clusters of CD30+ CD134+ cells. There was no correlation between the magnitude of CD134 expression and the histological type or the proportion of G2 + S cells in LyP. CD134 immunoreactivity was lower than expected in patients with LyP and another lymphoid malignancy (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test).CD134 is strongly expressed in a proportion (38%) of patients with LyP, but not in mycosis fungoides or benign lymphocytic infiltrations. Loss of CD134 expression in LyP may be a marker of an increased risk of second lymphoid malignancy.
Radiographic patterns of osteoarthritis of the knee joint in the community: the importance of the patellofemoral joint.
Authors: T E McAlindon, S Snow, C Cooper, P A Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The intimate relation which the patella has with the knee joint and quadriceps muscle suggests that patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis is likely to be an important cause of knee pain and disability. Two hundred and seventy three subjects who reported knee pain in a postal questionnaire survey and 240 control subjects consented to have anteroposterior weightbearing and lateral knee radiographs. Each subject completed a Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Radiographic knee osteoarthritis was found in 53% of symptomatic and 17% of asymptomatic subjects. Three patterns predominated patellofemoral, medial, and medial/patellofemoral joint disease in 11, 21, and 7% of the men and in 24, 12, 6% of the women respectively. The occurrence of isolated symptomatic patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis in this sample aged more than 55 years was estimated as 8% in women and 2% in men. All patterns of symptomatic knee joint osteoarthritis increased with age in women but peaked at 70 years in men. Medial joint and patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis were significantly associated with disability (46 v 17% in controls and 64 v 25% in controls respectively) but higher HAQ scores were more common in subjects with patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis. Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis is common, associated with disability, occurs in the absence of tibiofemoral disease, and can no longer be omitted from future studies of osteoarthritis of the knee joint.
Effectiveness and Tolerance of Long-term Malaria Prophylaxis With Mefloquine
Authors: Hans O. Lobel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To measure the effectiveness and tolerance of long-term malaria prophylaxis with mefloquine, the incidence of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>malaria and of adverse reactions was compared in Peace Corps volunteers in West Africa who took mefloquine every 2 weeks and in volunteers who took chloroquine phosphate weekly. Mefloquine was only 63% more effective than chloroquine; the monthly incidence of<i>P falciparum</i>infections was one case per 100 volunteers who took mefloquine and 2.7 cases per 100 volunteers who took chloroquine. Using daily proguanil (chloroguanide) hydrochloride in addition to chloroquine did not provide additional protection. All mefloquine prophylaxis failures occurred during the second week of the every-2-weeks dosing regimen in volunteers who had used mefloquine for more than 2 months. Blood concentrations of mefloquine were lower during the second week of the alternate-week regimen than during the first week, suggesting that blood levels are too low during the second week to suppress parasitemia. No serious adverse reactions were observed. The results indicate that a dosing regimen of 250 mg of mefloquine weekly should be considered for travelers to areas with chloroquine-resistant<i>P falciparum</i>malaria. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:361-364)
Managed Care and Patients' Rights
Authors: Sara Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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