tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urban Violence in Los Angeles in the Aftermath of the Riots
Authors: William C. Shoemaker
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Beginning April 29, 1992, Los Angeles, Calif, was engulfed in a 3-day insurrection reflecting the residents' responses to a legal ruling. Unlike the media-painted picture, this article argues that the enormous outburst of violence and consequential property destruction was not the exclusive domain of the citizens of South-Central Los Angeles and that available data will not support the maintenance of the prevailing uneven distribution of civic and state resources in health care, educational programs, and economic opportunities. What it does support is the proposal for a more equitable allocation of resources among institutions, groups, and peoples, complemented by community empowerment, a more civic-oriented police operation, and a more rational approach to social reconstruction in which all elements of the society are full participants. Finally, the article suggests that augmentation of the present "law and order" approach and the paramilitary police already have proven economically ineffective. Given the dominant role of the medical profession in social and civic life, it is now appropriate for the medical profession to enter the debate on policies of health improvement, violence deterrence, and the general field of social reconstruction. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2833-2837)
Congenital Malformations of the Heart: Embryology, Anatomy, and Operative Considerations
Authors: Jerome Liebman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ABSTRACT Drs Goor and Lillehei worked for many years on this project in a field that is constantly changing and advancing. The book took much more than a decade to write.There are three main divisions: cardiac embryology, cardiac anatomy, and the use of this knowledge in modern cardiac surgery. The results will be useful to cardiologists interested in congenital heart disease as well as pathologists and, of course, cardiac surgeons. The strongest section concerns cardiac anatomy, presented in detail greater than is available anywhere else. This is the anatomy of the living heart. The embryology section is less consistent, with fine detail in some areas and paucity in others. For example, discussions of the development of the ventricular septus, the infundibulum, and the conotruncus are lengthy, detailed, and sophisticated. The authors clearly have a great interest in this area. But, description of the development of the left atrium and pulmonary
Electrocardiographic Changes in Clinically Normal Older Men Following Near Maximal and Maximal Exercise
Authors: F. MARTIN LESTER, L. T. SHEFFIELD, T. JOSEPH REEVES
Journal: Circulation (1967)

This study was undertaken to compare the incidence of electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with a near maximal and a maximal exercise test, because of previous reports of high incidence of such abnormalities among older men. One hundred fourteen male volunteers ranging in age from 40 to 75 years were studied by both near maximal and maximal exercise testing. All subjects were considered normal by history and physical examination. Electrocardiographic responses to exercise testing were monitored by telemetered bipolar leads during and immediately after exercise and by standard electrocardiographic leads made during the recovery period between 30 seconds and 5 minutes after the termination of exercise. Both near maximal and maximal exercise testing were accomplished without significant complication. The incidence of segmental ST depression following the near-maximal test was less than 1%. The incidence of segmental ST depression following the maximal exercise test was 5.2% (6-114). Only one of the five abnormalities detected during or after maximal exercise persisted for more than 30 seconds after the conclusion of exercise. Since such changes occur in a high percentage of patients with heart disease, such changes appear to have a high degree of specificity for some form of cardiac abnormality.
Development and validation of the Composite Asthma Severity Index—an outcome measure for use in children and adolescents
Authors: Jeremy J. Wildfire, Peter J. Gergen, Christine A. Sorkness, Herman E. Mitchell, Agustin Calatroni, Meyer Kattan, Stanley J. Szefler, Stephen J. Teach, Gordon R. Bloomberg, Robert A. Wood, Andrew H. Liu, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, James F. Chmiel, Kathleen Conroy, Yadira Rivera-Sanchez, William W. Busse, Wayne J. Morgan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Regulation of immunity by lysosphingolipids and their G protein–coupled receptors
Authors: Edward J. Goetzl, Hugh Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

T and B lymphocytes, as well as endothelial cells, express distinctive profiles of G protein-coupled receptors for sphingosine 1-phosphate, which is a major regulator of T cell development, B and T cell recirculation, tissue homing patterns, and chemotactic responses to chemokines. The capacity of drugs that act on type 1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors to suppress organ graft rejection in humans and autoimmunity in animal models without apparent impairment of host defenses against infections suggests that this system is a promising target for new forms of immunotherapy.
Endogenous and Exogenous Nitric Oxide Inhibits Norepinephrine Release From Rat Heart Sympathetic Nerves
Authors: Petra Schwarz, Ricarda Diem, Nae J. Dun, Ulrich Förstermann
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract This study was designed to elucidate whether nitric oxide (NO) controls norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic nerves of the rat heart. Hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode with Tyrode’s solution. The right sympathetic nerve was stimulated with trains of 1 or 3 Hz and NE release was measured. The NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N G -nitro- l -arginine (L-NNA) enhanced the evoked NE release in a concentration-dependent manner. This facilitation was independent of the increase in perfusion pressure and was stereospecifically reversed by l -arginine but not d -arginine. Another NOS inhibitor, N G -methyl- l -arginine, produced a similar increase in NE release. The NO-donor compound S -nitroso- N -acetyl- d,l -penicillamine, added in the presence of L-NNA, restored the suppression of NE release in a concentration-dependent fashion. A similar suppression was achieved with 3-morpholinosydnonimine. These results demonstrated that NE release is under the inhibitory control of endogenous NO. Western blots demonstrated the presence of neuronal NOS I and endothelial NOS III in the hearts. Perfusion of the hearts with a low concentration of the detergent CHAPS produced functional damage of the endothelium, as evidenced by an increase in perfusion pressure and a conversion of the acetylcholine-induced coronary vasodilation to a constriction. However, CHAPS treatment did not produce a facilitation of NE release (as did the NOS inhibitors), and L-NNA still increased NE release in CHAPS-treated hearts. Double-labeling immunofluorescence histochemistry showed NOS I immunoreactivity in stellate ganglion cells and in neurons of the heart, some of which also stained positive for tyrosine hydroxylase. These findings suggest that NO, predominantly generated in neurons, controls NE release in the rat heart.
977 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN – 55CT POLYMORPHISM OF UCP3 GENE AND NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: R. Aller, D. De Luis, O. Izaola, J.M. Gonzalez-Hernandez, R. Conde, T. Alvarez, M.C. Velasco, J.M. González
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
EPINEPHRINE IN PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA
Authors: MEYER WIENER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Progressive myopia is a condition that has caused a lot of thought and worry to ophthalmologists. A great many theories have been advanced as to its cause and the reason for its progressive course for the worse. It is known that inheritance plays a rôle in the condition. Most authorities agree that close application of the eyes increases the myopia. Diet is believed by some to be a cause. Byers<sup>1</sup>believes that it is dueto a weakness of the scleral coat, either congenital or the result of nutritive disturbances; also to prolonged application of the eyes for close work, such as is entailed by certain occupations or is imposed by the necessities of modern school life. He believes in prevention by exercise, diet and less use of the eyes. Eldridge-Green<sup>2</sup>outlines a history of the theories of progressive myopia, both the predisposing and the exciting causes in its
Thromboerythrocytes. In vitro studies of a potential autologous, semi-artificial alternative to platelet transfusions.
Authors: B S Coller, K T Springer, J H Beer, N Mohandas, L E Scudder, K J Norton, S M West
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

In an attempt to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of using fresh platelets for transfusion therapy of thrombocytopenic patients, we have performed in vitro experiments on an autologous, semi-artificial alternative to platelet transfusions. Based on our previous studies of the interactions of unactivated and activated platelets with beads coated with peptides of various lengths, all of which contained the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) cell recognition sequence, the peptide Ac-CGGRGDF-NH2 was chosen for covalent coupling to erythrocytes. A heterobifunctional crosslinking reagent (N-maleimido-6-aminocaproyl ester of 1-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzene-4-sulfonic acid) was used to crosslink via the peptide's free sulfhydryl group and the erythrocyte's surface amino groups. Approximately 0.5-1.5 x 10(6) peptide molecules bound per erythrocyte after 2 h of incubation, and most of the peptides appeared to crosslink to glycophorin A. The resulting cells, termed thromboerythrocytes, interacted selectively with activated platelets to form mixed aggregates. Studies with fluid phase RGD peptides and monoclonal antibodies indicated that the RGD peptides on the thromboerythrocytes interacted with the GPIIb/IIIa receptors on activated platelets. Thromboerythrocytes could also bind to platelets adherent to collagen. There was minimal erythrocyte hemolysis during the formation of thromboerythrocytes and studies of thromboerythrocyte osmotic fragility and cellular deformability showed no significant changes from control erythrocytes. Whereas there is a 20:1 ratio of erythrocytes to platelets in the circulation of normal individuals, the erythrocytes from as little as 50 ml of blood could be transformed into the equivalent of 2 U of platelets by numbers (equivalent to 18 U of platelets by mass), and reinfused into the same individual within several hours. These data encourage us to proceed to in vivo studies to assess the hemostatic efficacy of thromboerythrocytes in thrombocytopenic animals.
Treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) (PEGASYS®) results in improved rates of response compared to conventional interferon in patients with HBEAG positive chronic hepatitis B harboring HBV genotypes B or ‘difficult-to-treat’ genotype C
Authors: W.G.E. Cooksley, M.-Y. Lai, T. Piratvisuth, Y.-J. Wang, V. Mahachai, Y.-C. Chao, T. Tanwandee, A. Chutaputti, W.-Y. Chang, F.E. Zahm, N. Pluck
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Iloprost-induced rash
Authors: R S Finn, L Beckert, R Troughton
Journal: Thorax (2009)

therapy (LTOT) is important, especially as, anecdotally, some clinicians seem to consider LTOT to be an absolute contraindication to intubation.Table 1 summarises the outcomes for intubated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the COPD and Asthma Outcome Study (CAOS), comparing those who were on LTOT before admission with those who were not.It can be seen that, although the two groups of patients had similar 180-day survival rates, the LTOT group had significantly lower EuroQol scores.These differences partly reflect differences in health status before the onset of the acute episode (at that stage 63% of the LTOT group were housebound, chairbound or bedbound compared with 27% of the rest) and partly the higher proportion of the LTOT group who felt that their health at 180 days was worse than it had been before onset.Nevertheless, in our data, 86% would choose ICU and intubation again.The actual number of patients on LTOT who responded to the follow-up questionnaire was small and the confidence interval wide (58-98%).It is also possible that the small numbers of patients with COPD on LTOT currently being admitted to critical care are atypically positive about invasive procedures, at least in retrospect.Nonetheless, the straightforward interpretation of these data is that, from the perspective of the patient with COPD, intubation is not futile-even for those on LTOT.If so, patient preferences must often be frustrated by limits on the availability of ICU beds.What the threshold should be for intubation in terms of probability of survival and how patients' (or carers') perspectives might be brought into decisions on intubation are currently unanswered questions.
In vivo confocal reflectance microscopy for the characterization of melanocytic nests and correlation with dermoscopy and histology
Authors: G. Pellacani, A.M. Cesinaro, S. Seidenari
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 152, Issue 2 p. 384-386 In vivo confocal reflectance microscopy for the characterization of melanocytic nests and correlation with dermoscopy and histology First published: 23 February 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06348.xCitations: 43 Conflicts of interest: none declared. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume152, Issue2February 2005Pages 384-386 RelatedInformation
Atorvastatin lowers portal pressure in cirrhotic rats by inhibition of RhoA/Rho-kinase and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Jonel Trebicka, Martin Hennenberg, Wim Laleman, Nataliya Shelest, Erwin Biecker, Michael Schepke, Frederik Nevens, Tilman Sauerbruch, Jörg Heller
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract In cirrhosis, increased RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling and decreased nitric oxide (NO) availability contribute to increased intrahepatic resistance and portal hypertension. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) regulate intrahepatic resistance. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) inhibit synthesis of isoprenoids, which are necessary for membrane translocation and activation of small GTPases like RhoA and Ras. Activated RhoA leads to Rho-kinase activation and NO synthase inhibition. We therefore investigated the effects of atorvastatin in cirrhotic rats and isolated HSCs. Rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis (bile duct ligation, BDL) were treated with atorvastatin (15 mg/kg per day for 7 days) or remained untreated. Hemodynamic parameters were determined in vivo (colored microspheres). Intrahepatic resistance was investigated in in situ perfused livers. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunoblots. Three-dimensional stress-relaxed collagen lattice contractions of HSCs were performed after incubation with atorvastatin. Atorvastatin reduced portal pressure without affecting mean arterial pressure in vivo . This was associated with a reduction in intrahepatic resistance and reduced responsiveness of in situ –perfused cirrhotic livers to methoxamine. Furthermore, atorvastatin reduced the contraction of activated HSCs in a 3-dimensional stress-relaxed collagen lattice. In cirrhotic livers, atorvastatin significantly decreased Rho-kinase activity (moesin phosphorylation) without affecting expression of RhoA, Rho-kinase and Ras. In activated HSCs, atorvastatin inhibited the membrane association of RhoA and Ras. Furthermore, in BDL rats, atorvastatin significantly increased hepatic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein levels, phospho-eNOS, nitrite/nitrate, and the activity of the NO effector protein kinase G (PKG). Conclusion: In cirrhotic rats, atorvastatin inhibits hepatic RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling and activates the NO/PKG-pathway. This lowers intrahepatic resistance, resulting in decreased portal pressure. Statins might represent a therapeutic option for portal hypertension in cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:242–253.)
Developmental care for very low-birth-weight infants
Authors: J. S. Garland
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The study by Dr Als and colleagues 1 of the effectiveness of a newborn individualized developmental care and assessment program (NIDCAP) to reduce very low-birth-weight infant morbidity has been published with an accompanying enthusiastic Editorial. 2   The philosophy behind NIDCAP is attractive and is centered around stress reduction, promotion of infant development, and opportunities for parenting. Unfortunately, as in two previous studies, 3,4 the present report leaves the critical reader uncertain with regard to the effectiveness of NIDCAP.  It is remarkable that antenatal corticosteroids to prevent neonatal morbidity were given to only 10% of the mothers. Given the size of the authors' unit, it is surprising that it took 21 months to enroll 43 neonates. Randomization occurred within 3 hours after admission to the NICU, but two additional eligibility criteria had to be met by 48 hours' postnatal age. Therefore, one would expect that at least some
A gender gap in the dermatology literature? Cross-sectional analysis of manuscript authorship trends in dermatology journals during 3 decades
Authors: Jamison D. Feramisco, Justin J. Leitenberger, Shelley I. Redfern, Aihua Bian, Xian-Jin Xie, Jack S. Resneck
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)
First, Old, and at Home
Authors: Marshall W. Fordyce
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Ad Libitum6 November 2012First, Old, and at HomeMarshall W. Fordyce, MDMarshall W. Fordyce, MDFrom Burlingame, CA 94010.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail My physician's eye on this slept-in Saturdaylike drowsy Cyclops closes at last, and I might imaginean escape from the caverns of sexless bodiesI've examined with changed hands.My wife like new, warm in her cotton gown,her neck majestic, her impossibly crooked nose.She is so pretty again today and I am twice alive.But in the fracture of her mouth I tracesevere angles from teeth to maxilla and zygomaand I see her terrible, rattling skull!blow a cold chorus on this once delicious morn,... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marshall W. Fordyce, MDAffiliations: From Burlingame, CA 94010.Current Author Address: Marshall W. Fordyce, MD; e-mail, [email protected]. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 November 2012Volume 157, Issue 9Page: 664KeywordsMouthSkull ePublished: 6 November 2012 Issue Published: 6 November 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Small-cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Case Treated by Chemotherapy
Authors: H. Iishi, R. Yamamoto, M. Tatsuta, M. Sano, S. Okuda, S. Ishiguro
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

A patient with small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus treated with cyclophosphamide and vincristine is described. Within 2 months after the beginning of therapy, two coexisting tumors had disappeared and the main primary lesion and metastases in the liver and lymph nodes were markedly reduced in size. The patient relapsed 5 months after the start of therapy and died with widespread metastases. Autopsy revealed that the patient was in partial remission.
Molecular cytogenetic study of 126 unselected T-ALL cases reveals high incidence of TCRβ locus rearrangements and putative new T-cell oncogenes
Authors: B Cauwelier, N Dastugue, J Cools, B Poppe, C Herens, A De Paepe, A Hagemeijer, F Speleman
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Recanalization of an acutely occluded aortocoronary bypass by intragraft fibrinolysis.
Authors: P Rentrop, H Blanke, K R Karsch, H Kostering, H Oster, H Leitz
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Acute thrombotic occlusion of an aortocoronary bypass graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was successfully dissolved by selective infusion of streptokinase into the graft at 2000 U/min for 1 hour via catheter. There was partial recanalization of the graft and complete filling of the LAD within 15 minutes. After 1 hour of lysis, the graft was completely patent, although high-degree narrowing at the site of the proximal anastomosis was still present. Follow-up angiography 16 days later revealed persistent patency of the graft and disappearance of narrowing at the site of proximal anastomosis. The relatively low total dose of streptokinase (140,000 U) did not result in a systemic hyperlytic state. There were no complications. The technique may prove useful in acute graft occlusion but needs further evaluation.
Drug Resistance in Fungi
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CASES OF CALCIFIC AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Milton W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Chronic cardiac disease due to, or associated with, calcific aortic stenosis is encountered frequently in the practice of internal medicine. Calcific aortic stenosis is an entity of clinical significance either when it produces symptoms of cardiac malfunction or when it appears as an asymptomatic complication. Public health measures and improved medical care have increased longevity in this country. Since calcific aortic stenosis is largely a lesion that comes to the fore in middle life or old age, it now is met frequently. Much of the literature concerning calcific aortic stenosis has pertained to the controversy concerning the cause of this valvular deformity. Dry and Willius<sup>1</sup>and later, Karsner and Koletsky<sup>2</sup>added strong evidence favoring rheumatic fever as the causative factor. Other authors have presented evidence in favor of a nonrheumatic origin.<sup>3</sup>It is possible that, in some instances, the resultant valvular deformity may be due to a