tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus to Spouses
Authors: Eveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten, Dorine Bresters, Henk W. Reesink
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 January 1995Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus to SpousesEveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten, Dorine Bresters, and Henk W. ReesinkEveline P. Mauser-BunschotenSearch for more papers by this author, Dorine BrestersSearch for more papers by this author, and Henk W. ReesinkSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-2-199501150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Akahane and colleagues [1] reported that 27% of spouses of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection had antibodies against HCV and that 18% of the spouses were positive for HCV RNA. Bresters and colleagues [2] observed no sexual transmission in 50 heterosexual partners of index patients positive for HCV RNA who had had unprotected sexual intercourse for a total of 713 person-years (mean duration per couple, 13 years). In this study [2], branched-chain DNA assay showed that index patients had an HCV RNA titer ranging from below the cutoff to 626 × 105 eq/mL, which is ...References1. Akahane Y, Kojima M, Sugai Y, Sakamoto M, Miyazaki Y, Tanaka T, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in spouses of patients with type C chronic liver disease. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:748-52. Google Scholar2. Bresters D, Mauser-Bunschoten EP, Reesink HW, Roosendaal G, van der Poel CL, Chamuleau RA, et al. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C. Lancet. 1993; 342:210-1. Google Scholar3. Hsu HH, Wright TL, Luba D, Martin M, Feinstone SM, Garcia G, et al. Failure to detect hepatitis C virus genome in human secretions with the polymerase chain reaction. Hepatology. 1991; 14:763-7. Google Scholar4. Zaayer HL, Cuypers HT, Reesink HW, Winkel IN, Gerken G, Lelie PN. Reliability of polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis C virus. Lancet. 1992; 341:722-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten; Dorine Bresters; Henk W. ReesinkAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHepatitis C: an epidemiological reviewSexual Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus and Prevention with Intramuscular ImmunoglobulinHepatitis C 15 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 2Page: 154-155KeywordsAntibodiesHemophiliaHepatitis C virusHeterosexualsInfectious hepatitisMedical risk factorsPolymerase chain reactionRNASpecificityViral load ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sudden onset hair loss and colour change
Authors: R. C. Lamb, M. Porter
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 56 year old man presented with a history of rapid onset hair thinning over one month. He also noted a reduced need to shave his facial hair. In addition, he felt that the colour of his hair had changed from dark brown with “an occasional grey” to white. Specifically, he described attending a Christmas party with “normal” hair yet by Christmas Day his hair and beard were white.

There was no loss of body hair elsewhere. The hair loss was noted on brushing and in the shower basin. He denied scalp itch, scale, or rash elsewhere. He had no history of serious illnesses or stresses over the past year. His medical history included hypertension for which he took longstanding atenolol and ramipril. Both his parents had good heads of hair in old age and there was no family history of autoimmune conditions. Examination found white hair with a remaining band of pigmented hair at the occiput (figure⇓). He had diffuse thinning of the hair and his beard was sparse, but there was no patchy hair loss, scale, erythema, or scarring. Blood samples were obtained and punch biopsies of the scalp showed an increased proportion of follicles in catagen or telogen phase, accompanied by a peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrate with no evidence of scarring.



Photographs showing evidence of hair thinning and white hair, with a band of pigmented hair remaining only at the posterior scalp





### 1 What is the differential diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Hair loss can be caused by hair cycle disorders, inflammatory conditions that damage the follicle, or inherited and acquired disorders of the hair shaft. The differential diagnosis for acquired …
Melanocytic lesions and melanocyte populations in human epidermis
Authors: MARY E. FALLOWFIELD, REGINA K. CURLEY, M. G. COOK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Basal melanocytes were counted and atypia assessed on an arbitrary scale in punch biopsies from the sun-exposed extensor aspect of the forearm of normal skin and from the covered skin of the buttock of patients with pigmented naevi and control subjects. The difference in melanocyte counts and in the presence of atypia between sun-exposed and covered skin was statistically highly significant. The only other difference was between melanocyte counts in covered skin from those with multiple atypical naevi and all other groups; the counts in the former were greater than those in the latter. No further difference was attributable to sun exposure, skin type or diagnostic group. Some degree of melanocyte atypia was seen in approximately half of the biopsies of sun-exposed skin, but atypia was seen in only six of 84 biopsies of covered skin. In each case atypia was present in the corresponding forearm biopsy and all six subjects had pigmented lesions (four with melanoma and two with multiple atypical naevi). It seems possible that while increased melanocyte counts in covered skin could correlate with the presence of atypical naevi, atypia of covered epidermal melanocytes could possibly relate to melanoma risk.
Normal human blood density gradient lymphocyte subset analysis: I. An interlaboratory flow cytometric comparison of 85 normal adults
Authors: G. E. Marti, L. Magruder, K. Patrick, M. Vail, W. Schuette, R. Keller, K. Muirhead, P. Horan, H. R. Gralnick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract An interlaboratory flow cytometric comparison of several commercially available human lymphocyte subset reagents was undertaken in three different laboratories. Fresh Hypaque‐Ficoll purified blood mononuclear cells were stained at 4°C or 22°C. Direct or indirect surface immunofluorescence was carried out at all sites using an EPICS V flow cytometer. Fullbright, 10‐μm fluorescent polystyrene microspheres were used for optical alignment and standardization. A log integral fluorescent histogram gated on forward and right angle scatter was collected on 1–2 × 10 4 cells for each reagent and the proportion, of positive cell determined for each reagent. With the exception of one reagent, anti‐B1, which showed an approximately twofold variation, all three laboratories showed remarkable agreement. Thus there was no significant difference noted for the following reagents: OKT4, CCT4, Leu 3a, Leu 2a, OKT8, or CCT8. We attribute these findings to the availability of quality reagents, precision instrumentation, and a standard lymphocyte preparation.
2009 Influenza Pandemic’s Death Rate Higher Than Previously Reported
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The death toll from the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic was as much as 10-fold higher than the laboratory-confirmed mortality count, report an international group of researchers (Simonsen L et al. PLoS Med. 2013;10[11]:e1001558).
Abstract 5248: Neuroblastoma tumors with different ALK mutations are sensitive to Perifosine
Authors: Zhijie Li, Carol J. Thiele
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor of children. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase predominantly expressed in the developing nervous system. Recently, mutated ALK has been identified in association with familial and sporadic neuroblastoma (NB). Patients whose tumors contain amplification, mutation or express increased levels of activated ALK have a poor prognosis. Downstream targets of ALK include the STAT and Akt pathways. Perifoisine is an Akt inhibitor that has been reported to inhibit tumor growth in adult pre-clinical models. The aim of this study was to assess whether ALK mutations affect the response of NB cells to perifosine. Methods: We selected 4 NB cell lines with different ALK mutation status (SY5Y-ALK F1174L mutation; KCNR-ALK R1275Q mutation, AS and NGP with wild-type (wt) ALK. The effect of perifosine on Akt phosphorylation and cell survival was evaluated in these cell lines. In vivo studies were also performed in nude mice by subcutaneous injection of NB cells with or without ALK mutation. The tumor growth and phosphorylated Akt levels in tumor tissues were studied. Results: In vitro, treatment with perifosine induced decreases in Akt phosphorylation in all the 4 cell lines. SY5Y-ALK F1174L which is reported to be sensitive to ALK inhibitor TAE684, and KCNR-ALK R1275Q, AS-ALK wt and NGP-ALK wt which are reported to be resistant to ALK inhibitor TAE684, all responded to perifosine treatment. In vivo, perifosine treatment delayed or inhibited growth of tumors containing mutant or wild-type ALK. The phosphorylated Akt levels were lower in tumors treated with perifosine compared to tumors treated with control reagent. Conclusions: These data indicate that Perifosine is able to control NB tumor cell growth despite the mutational status of ALK. Perifosine may be a candidate treatment for NB tumors not only for those with wt ALK but especially for those that carry mutations that are resistant to ALK inhibitor treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5248.
667 HEPATITIS B VIRUS DNA LEVEL IS A SIGNIFICANT PREDICTIVE FACTOR FOR HEPATITIS B VIRUS REACTIVATION IN INACTIVE HBS ANTIGEN CARRIERS
Authors: Y.S. Seo, Y.D. Kwon, S. Park, B. Keum, Y.S. Kim, H.J. Yim, Y.T. Jeen, H.J. Chun, C.D. Kim, H.S. Ryu, S.H. Um
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for older advanced MDS patients: improved survival with young unrelated donor in comparison with HLA-identical siblings
Authors: N Kröger, T Zabelina, L de Wreede, J Berger, H Alchalby, A van Biezen, N Milpied, L Volin, M Mohty, V Leblond, D Blaise, J Finke, N Schaap, M Robin, T de Witte
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Complications of Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: HOOSHANG BOLOOKI, LEONARD S. SOMMER, ALI GHAHRAMANI, DAMAIO CUNHA, Michael Gill
Journal: Circulation (1973)

In the past three years, among 170 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery, 11 (6%) developed acute myocardial infarction within 24 hours after surgery. An additional four patients (2%) developed myocardial infarction within three months after discharge. Clinically, acute myocardial infarction was suspected because of sudden, transient hypotension associated with dysrhythmia, angina, or cardiac arrest which responded to conventional therapy. Elevation of serum enzymes with acute ECG changes was also observed. Three of the 15 patients developing myocardial infarction died. In 12 patients cardiac catheterization studies were performed within two to ten weeks after the incident. Eleven of the 20 grafts were found occluded, and progression of coronary occlusive disease was seen in five. There was a marked decrease in left ventricular function, contractility, and compliance in all patients with left ventricular aneurysm formation or dyskinesia. Eight of these patients were asymptomatic. The results indicate that after coronary surgery a combination of sudden arrhythmia and transient hypotension is diagnostic of graft closure or development of acute myocardial infarction. Also, in spite of depressed cardiac function, most surviving patients remain angina free.
Predictive Power of Duplex Ultrasonography in Asymptomatic Carotid Disease
Authors: Rosamund F. Lewis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Duplex ultrasonography is considered a valid measure of stenosis of the carotid arteries, but the prognostic value of repeated ultrasonographic examinations is unknown. Objective: To determine the ability of serial ultrasonographic measurements to predict cerebrovascular events in patients with asymptomatic carotid disease. Design: Secondary analysis of data from a natural history study of asymptomatic carotid disease. Patients: Asymptomatic patients with cervical bruits. Measurements: Duplex ultrasonography of the carotid arteries was done at study enrollment and biannually thereafter. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models with fixed and time-dependent covariates were used for analysis. Results: 61 transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and 38 strokes occurred in 715 participants over a mean follow-up period of 3.2 years; 4 strokes were disabling, and no deaths from stroke occurred. Sixty percent of strokes occurred in persons who did not have severe stenosis. One fifth of participants had stenosis progression. Baseline carotid stenosis was a significant predictor of the outcome "TIA or stroke" (relative risk, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.2 to 1.7]) and retained its predictive ability for more than 3 years. Progression of stenosis to 80% or more significantly increased the risk for cerebrovascular events and death. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of progression as an independent predictor of TIA or stroke were low. Conclusion: Severe carotid stenosis is associated with a higher risk for cerebrovascular events, but the power of repeated ultrasonography to predict ischemic events is limited by low incidence rates and low rates of progression. The evidence does not support the routine use of serial ultrasonography to determine the risk for stroke in unselected patients with asymptomatic carotid disease.
New and Nonofficial Remedies
Authors: W. A. Puckner
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhaled concentrated ambient particles are associated with hematologic and bronchoalveolar lavage changes in canines.
Authors: R W Clarke, B Coull, U Reinisch, P Catalano, C R Killingsworth, P Koutrakis, I Kavouras, G G Murthy, J Lawrence, E Lovett, J M Wolfson, R L Verrier, J J Godleski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Pulmonary inflammatory and hematologic responses of canines were studied after exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) using the Harvard ambient particle concentrator (HAPC). For pulmonary inflammatory studies, normal dogs were exposed in pairs to either CAPs or filtered air (paired studies) for 6 hr/day on 3 consecutive days. For hematologic studies, dogs were exposed for 6 hr/day for 3 consecutive days with one receiving CAPs while the other was simultaneously exposed to filtered air; crossover of exposure took place the following week (crossover studies). Physicochemical characterization of CAPs exposure samples included measurements of particle mass, size distribution, and composition. No statistical differences in biologic responses were found when all CAPs and all sham exposures were compared. However, the variability in biologic response was considerably higher with CAPs exposure. Subsequent exploratory graphical analyses and mixed linear regression analyses suggested associations between CAPs constituents and biologic responses. Factor analysis was applied to the compositional data from paired and crossover experiments to determine elements consistently associated with each other in CAPs samples. In paired experiments, four factors were identified; in crossover studies, a total of six factors were observed. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and hematologic data were regressed on the factor scores. Increased BAL neutrophil percentage, total peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts, circulating neutrophils, and circulating lymphocytes were associated with increases in the aluminum/silicon factor. Increased circulating neutrophils and increased BAL macrophages were associated with the vanadium/nickel factor. Increased BAL neutrophils were associated with the bromine/lead factor when only the compositional data from the third day of CAPs exposure were used. Significant decreases in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels were correlated with the sulfur factor. BAL or hematologic parameters were not associated with increases in total CAPs mass concentration. These data suggest that CAPs inhalation is associated with subtle alterations in pulmonary and systemic cell profiles, and specific components of CAPs may be responsible for these biologic responses.
AHR drives the development of gut ILC22 cells and postnatal lymphoid tissues via pathways dependent on and independent of Notch
Authors: Jacob S Lee, Marina Cella, Keely G McDonald, Cecilia Garlanda, Gregory D Kennedy, Manabu Nukaya, Alberto Mantovani, Raphael Kopan, Christopher A Bradfield, Rodney D Newberry, Marco Colonna
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference
Authors: H Rob Taal, Beate St Pourcain, Elisabeth Thiering, Shikta Das, Dennis O Mook-Kanamori, Nicole M Warrington, Marika Kaakinen, Eskil Kreiner-Møller, Jonathan P Bradfield, Rachel M Freathy, Frank Geller, Mònica Guxens, Diana L Cousminer, Marjan Kerkhof, Nicholas J Timpson, M Arfan Ikram, Lawrence J Beilin, Klaus Bønnelykke, Jessica L Buxton, Pimphen Charoen, Bo Lund Krogsgaard Chawes, Johan Eriksson, David M Evans, Albert Hofman, John P Kemp, Cecilia E Kim, Norman Klopp, Jari Lahti, Stephen J Lye, George McMahon, Frank D Mentch, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Paul F O'Reilly, Inga Prokopenko, Fernando Rivadeneira, Eric A P Steegers, Jordi Sunyer, Carla Tiesler, Hanieh Yaghootkar, Monique M B Breteler, Stéphanie Debette, Myriam Fornage, Vilmundur Gudnason, Lenore J Launer, Aad van der Lugt, Thomas H Mosley, Sudha Seshadri, Albert V Smith, Meike W Vernooij, Alexandra I F Blakemore, Rosetta M Chiavacci, Bjarke Feenstra, Julio Fernandez-Banet, Struan F A Grant, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Albert J van der Heijden, Carmen Iñiguez, Mark Lathrop, Wendy L McArdle, Anne Mølgaard, John P Newnham, Lyle J Palmer, Aarno Palotie, Annneli Pouta, Susan M Ring, Ulla Sovio, Marie Standl, Andre G Uitterlinden, H-Erich Wichmann, Nadja Hawwa Vissing, Charles DeCarli, Cornelia M van Duijn, Mark I McCarthy, Gerard H Koppelman, Xavier Estivill, Andrew T Hattersley, Mads Melbye, Hans Bisgaard, Craig E Pennell, Elisabeth Widen, Hakon Hakonarson, George Davey Smith, Joachim Heinrich, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Vincent W V Jaddoe
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Health Care Rationing through Inconvenience
Authors: G W Grumet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Many strategies for the containment of medical costs have emerged from systems of managed care — gatekeeping by a primary care physician, prior authorization and utilization review, assumption of financial risk through capitation payments to the provider with financial disincentives for hospitalization or referral to specialists, and so forth. But another feature has crept into the managed care formula and has been largely overlooked: that of slowing and controlling the use of services and payment for services by impeding, inconveniencing, and confusing providers and consumers alike. In managed care's arsenal of cost-control weaponry, probably none is more potent — except . . .
Correction: A Shot in the Arm for AIDS Vaccine Research
Authors: David D Ho
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

The following sentence contains an incorrect number: "Only by massaging the numbers could one fi gure out that physicians would need to put 700 women on statins to eliminate one cancer case (in medical parlance, this is called number needed to treat)."The corrected sentence is as follows: "Only by massaging the numbers could one fi gure out that physicians would need to put 140 women on statins to eliminate one cancer case (in medical parlance, this is called number needed to treat).
A critical appraisal of ‘evidence‐based medicine’ in allergy and asthma
Authors: J. Bousquet, P. Van Cauwenberge
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Clinical guidelines are ‘systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances’. They may offer concise instructions on which diagnostic or screening tests to order, stipulate how medical services should be provided, how long patients should stay in hospital, or many other details relevant to clinical practice. This paper argues that guidelines should be simple, adapted to the clinical setting they inform and to treatment availability in their respective geographic context and that they should not be viewed as a yardstick but as support for physicians. The benefits of evidence‐based‐medicine (EBM), which defines the value of medical interventions in terms of empiric evidence from clinical trials, are growing in many contexts and are well described. Not sufficiently acknowledged, however, are the limits of EBM. A gap still exists between clinical research and clinical practice which should be better recognized and assessed.
CHLORAMPHENICOL (CHLOROMYCETIN), AN ANTIBIOTIC. PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN ANIMALS 123
Authors: O. M. Gruhzit, R. A. Fisken, T. F. Reutner, Edith Martino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic which initially was isolated from culture filtrates of the fungus Streptomyces venezuelae (1-3) by Bartz (4) and subsequently was synthesized chemically (5-7).Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is a pure chemical substance, D (-) threo-1-p-nitrophenyl- 2-dichloroacetamido-1,3-propanediol, and has the following chemical structureIt is a neutral white crystalline substance with a bitter taste and is stable in neutral and acid solu- tions.The drug is moderately soluble in water (0.25 per cent at room temperature, 0.65 per cent at 700 C and up to 15 per cent in propylene glycol, 5 per cent in 50 per cent acetamide), and is insolu- ble in vegetable oils.Solubility in urine or serum is about the same as in water.Solutions are stable on heating.Material for this study consisted of crystalline chloramphenicol obtained from culture filtrates, and the synthetic product.Chloramphenicol was administered intravenously in aqueous propylene glycol or acetamide solutions to small animals at a rate of 0.1 cc. per ten seconds; dogs re- ceived 1.0 to 3.0 cc./min.Acute toxicity results are based on a sevento 14-day observation period and chronic tolerance studies were carried out for two to four weeks in small animals and for periods of three and five weeks and over four months in dogs.The Dragstedt et al. (8) method served to interpolate results.