tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation of the Radiological and Operative Findings in Chronic Appendicitis
Authors: W. L. Harnett, G. Galstaun
Journal: BMJ (1935)

t?uring the last few years great improvements have been made in the technique of radiological examination of the diseased appendix, and it has now become possible to confirm the diagnosis of disease of this structure with certainty in a high percentage of cases by radiological examination, and to predict the conditions which will be found on operation.In the majority of cases the diagnosis can be made on clinical evidence alone, and the radiological findings are confirmatory, but there is a small group in which clinical evidence pointing to the appendix as the cause of the symptoms is lacking or doubtful, and it is in these cases that the radiological findings are of the greatest importance.If an operation is to be based on these findings it is obvious that they should be as precise as possible.It appeared to both of us that if a series of known cases of appendicitis examined by the same radiologist and opdrated upon by the same surgeon were collected, and the clinical, radiological, operative, and pathological findings correlated, it might be possible to associate certain radiological findings with definite pathological'conditions, thereby not only establishing the diagnosis with certainty, but also materially assisting the surgeon in his choice of incision by indicating the probability of extensive adhesions, a retrocaecal appendix, etc.The present series of fifty-eight cases were all patients in the Medical College Hospital, Calcutta, and were under the charge of the writers as surgeon and radiologist respectively.Only chronic or interval cases were utilized for the investigation, though in some cases an acute attack had occurred shortly before, and in others a recrudescence of acute symptoms was brought on by the examination, which was undertaken as early as was considered prudent. Clinical ClassificationThe fifty-eight cases were divided into four clinical types.Type A.-Cases with a history of one or more definite acute attacks, separated by intervals.In most of these evidence of acute inflammation was present in the form of fever in one or more of the attacks-thirty-one cases.Type AB .-Cases in which one or more attacks of the " A" type were succeeded by a chronic condition, characterized by irregular attacks of pain of varying duration and by constant flatulent dyspepsia-six cases.Type B-.Attacks oi appendicular colic at irregular intervals, with no definite history of the first attack and no fever at any time.The duration of these attacks varied from a few seconds to hours, vomiting often occurred when the pain was severe, and flatulent -dyspepsia was frequently present between the attacks.The pain was apt to be brought on by exercise-thirteen cases.Type C.-Digestive symptoms of a vague character, such as flatulence, hyperacidity, indefinitely localized
EXTRA-GENITAL CHANCRES IN AN UNUSUAL POSITION; A GENITAL CHANCRE OF CURIOUS ORIGIN, AND A REPORT OF THREE CEASES
Authors: A. REITH FRASER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1921)

Journal Article EXTRA‐GENITAL CHANCRES IN AN UNUSUAL POSITION; A GENITAL CHANCRE OF CURIOUS ORIGIN, AND A REPORT OF THREE CEASES Get access A. REITH FRASER, M.D.Aberd. A. REITH FRASER, M.D.Aberd. Hon. Visiting Venereologist, New Somerset Hospital, Cape Town; late Medical Inspector of Venereal Diseases, Union Government of South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 33, Issue 12, 1 December 1921, Pages 401–408, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1921.tb09013.x Published: 01 December 1921
Eosinophilic oesophagitis and coeliac disease: is it just a casual association?
Authors: F Verzegnassi, J Bua, P De Angelis, L Dall'Oglio, G Di Leo, A Ventura
Journal: Gut (2007)

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EO) is the leading cause of dysphagia in children.1 Long underestimated in the past, it is today being reported with increasing frequency. Acute and chronic dysphagia and food impaction are the typical symptoms in both children and young adults, whereas vomiting and refusal of food may be more frequent in infants.1,2 Diagnosis of EE is mainly based on the eosinophilic infiltration of the oesophageal mucosa (>20 eosinophils/high power field (HPF)) in association with some classic endoscopic features (adherent whitish plaques, oesophageal concentric rings, linear furrowing). The aetiology of EE is far from clear, but in about half of the cases reported it is associated with an allergy either to food or to aeroallergens.1,3

We describe three cases of EE, that we diagnosed by chance when performing endoscopy for the duodenal biopsy to confirm coeliac disease (CD). One case was diagnosed at the Institute of Child Health, IRCSS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste Italy, and, two at the Surgical and Endoscopic Digestive Unit of Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy.

A 7-year-old boy was referred to the Gastroenterology Department, IRCSS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy with persistent sideropaenic anaemia since the age of 4-years. Given the unresponsiveness of his anaemia to iron supplementation, CD was suspected and confirmed by the positivity of antiendomysial serum antibodies (EMAs) and antitransglutaminase antibodies (tTG immunoglobulin (Ig) A 213 IU). The boy was allergic to dust mite, cat epithelium and betullaceae. His most common allergic manifestations included rhinitis and asthma. He was referred to our institute to confirm the diagnosis of CD. …
We must give patients the evidence on complementary therapies
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2006)

detectives found Mollie Jamieson at the shop where she worked in Melbourne, Australia, and told her bluntly that her 21 year old daughter, Carolyn, was dead.Mollie and her husband were then interrogated for hours over what they knew of their daughter's illegal abortion.But it was the first they knew of it.Such was the shame surrounding abortion that Carolyn had been unable to tell her parents of the real reason she was going away on "holiday."Carolyn was the last woman known to have died from illegal abortion in Victoria before a 1969 judicial ruling that abortion was lawful if necessary to protect a woman from serious danger to life or health.Her death also had another important effect-it horrified a former military doctor, Bertram Wainer, so much that he gave up his general practice in Melbourne to push for abortion law reform.Wainer's partner in this high profile and dangerous campaign was Jo Richardson, a university student activist whom he met through the Abortion Law Reform Association, and who later became his wife.Together they set up Australia's first openly operating abortion clinic in 1972.In 1985 Mollie Jamieson was one of hundreds of women who responded to an advertisement placed by Dr Wainer in a Melbourne newspaper asking for people's stories of abortion."The next generation must know what it was like for women," the advertisement said.Two years later, Dr Wainer died.For almost 20 years, Jo Wainer carried with her the yellowing transcripts of the interviews that had emerged from people who responded to the advertisement.Finally, she felt the time was right to publish them in Lost: Illegal Abortion Stories, a slim book that packs a powerful emotional punch.
Thrombotic events after discontinuing dabigatran: rebound or resumption?
Authors: K. M. Thorne, S. Dee, S. Jayathissa
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The REMODEL trial has suggested that stopping dabigatran does not produce a rebound thrombotic effect.1 2 However, others have raised the possibility of this.3

Such rebound pro-thrombotic activity and clusters of thrombotic events have been reported with heparin and older anti-thrombotic drugs, and concerns are now being expressed about the newer anticoagulants, including the factor Xa inhibitor, rivaroxaban, and oral direct thrombin …
Sensitivity to propranolol after digoxin intoxication.
Authors: D. A. Watt
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Abstract</h3> MYCN is a major driver for neuroblastoma (NB) and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-MYCN transgenic mouse model is extensively used for preclinical NB studies. However, spatio-temporal NB progression in the TH-MYCN model has not been studied, and questions remain about the value of implanted models as a surrogate for transgenic mice. In this work, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study tumor progression and nanoparticle contrast-enhanced computed tomography (n-CECT) to assess tumor vascular architecture in TH-MYCN transgenic mice (2–7 weeks of age) and TH-MYCN+/+-derived orthotopic allograft and syngeneic mice (2–5 weeks post-tumor implantation). Tumors in TH-MYCN transgenic mice became evident in the abdominal paraspinal region at week 5. A delayed thoracic paraspinal mass became evident at week 6 and most mice succumbed by week 7. In allograft and syngeneic mice, single mass tumor growth was restricted to the peritoneal cavity. N-CECT revealed a predominantly microvascular network in TH-MYCN tumors while implanted tumors exhibited heterogeneous and tortuous vessels. N-CECT quantitative analysis demonstrated high vascularity (tumor fractional blood volume ~ 0.12) in all models. Multi-modal imaging of TH-MYCN transgenic and implanted models revealed differences in growth patterns and vascular architecture that should be considered in designing preclinical studies.
ÆSTIVO-AUTUMNAL PARASITES. MULTIPLE INFECTION OF RED CORPUSCLES AND THE VARIOUS HYPOTHESES CONCERNING IT
Authors: Mary R. Lawson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

1. Multiple infection of red corpuscles with young parasites is seen in all malarial infections, but it is found most frequently in the æstivo-autumnal infections. The occurrence is accidental and has no significance other than that if the instances are numerous it suggests a heavy infection. 2. In instances of multiple infection the young parasites may be seen to be attached: (a) each encircling its own corpuscular mound, giving the typical ring-form picture, or (b) two or more encircling one corpuscular mound, giving the appearance of a single ring with two or more masses of chromatin. 3. Certain hypotheses as to the conjugation of malarial parasites have been formulated by observers to explain various instances of multiple infection. I do not believe that conjugation ever occurs. I believe that these hypotheses resulted from observation of certain appearances presented by the attached parasites, as when they are attached so closely together that they may appear to be adherent, or when two or more are attached to one corpuscular mound, giving the appearance of a single parasite with more than one mass of chromatin. 4. Certain appearances have also been described as a precocious division of the chromatin masses of young parasites. In these instances the chromatin granules were usually described as varying in size. Such an appearance may be explained as follows: (a) two young parasites in varying stages of development may encircle one corpuscular mound, the cytoplasm of one parasite being superimposed over that of the other parasite, giving a picture of a single ring with two unequal masses of chromatin; or (b) the variation in the size and number of the chromatin masses may be the result of traumatism, as the nuclei of young parasites are rather easily broken up. 5. Multiple infection of red corpuscles with crescentic bodies is considered rather a rare occurrence. It is always accidental, and if the instances are numerous it means a severe infection. 6. When one accepts the fact that all malarial parasites are attached to the external surface of the red corpuscles, the biological and morphological characteristics of the parasites cease to be obscure.
Hazards of Adenotonsillectomy in the Child with Cleft Palate
Authors: Robert E. Berner
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE SUDDEN BEGBESSION of speech following adenotonsillectomy in the child with a repaired cleft palate is a surgical tragedy. Usually this happens when the surgeon performing the procedure is unaware of the delicate balance of speech performance in these children. Speech regression may occur not only in the child with cleft palate, but also in any case of insufficient palatal function, including the congenitally short palate, the submucous cleft of the soft palate, the atresic palate, the soft palate with a bifid uvula, and the functionally deficient palate.  The attainment of good speech after the surgical correction of a palatal deformity is a gratifying reward to all participating in the care of the patient. Often this attainment requires the joint efforts of the plastic surgeon, speech therapist, otolaryngologist, orthodontist, and other special therapists. The sudden loss of the precious acquisition of good speech is ordinarily avoidable, but the surgeon contemplating
UK specialists urge the setting up of a national screening agency
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (1999)

UK specialists in preventive medicine have called for a new national publicly accountable screening agency, with dedicated funds and full time staff, during a conference on the future of screening held in London last week.

Dr Malcolm Law, from St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, urged the government to fund the establishment of a national screening agency. “National public health problems need a central independent authority to deal with them effectively,” he …
Epistasis between the haptoglobin common variant and α+thalassemia influences risk of severe malaria in Kenyan children
Authors: Sarah H. Atkinson, Sophie M. Uyoga, Emily Nyatichi, Alex W. Macharia, Gideon Nyutu, Carolyne Ndila, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Kirk A. Rockett, Thomas N. Williams
Journal: Blood (2014)
Tobacco companies exploit women, says WHO
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Tobacco companies are exploiting women's struggle for equal rights by creating the impression that tobacco makes women more confident, more sexually attractive, and more in control of their own destiny, a World Health Organization (WHO) report has claimed.

The industry is also making inaccurate health claims that certain cigarettes are “light” or “mild,” according to the WHO's report. In some countries the tobacco companies are sponsoring beauty pageants, sports and arts events, and even women's organisations to influence …
Decreased Endogenous Secretory Advanced Glycation End Product Receptor in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Naoto Katakami, Munehide Matsuhisa, Hideaki Kaneto, Taka-aki Matsuoka, Ken’ya Sakamoto, Yoshihisa Nakatani, Kentaro Ohtoshi, Rieko Hayaishi-Okano, Keisuke Kosugi, Masatsugu Hori, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The binding of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to their receptor (RAGE) plays an important role in the development of diabetic vascular complications. In the present study, we examined circulating endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) levels in subjects with type 1 diabetes and explored the possible association between esRAGE levels and the severity of diabetic vascular complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Circulating esRAGE levels in serum were examined in 67 Japanese type 1 diabetic patients (22 men and 45 women, age 24.0 ± 4.4 years [means ± SD]) and 23 age-matched healthy nondiabetic subjects (10 men and 13 women aged 24.9 ± 1.4 years). Daily urinary albumin excretion, the presence of retinopathy, and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery were also evaluated. We further explored the association between esRAGE levels and severity of diabetic vascular complications. RESULTS—Circulating esRAGE levels were significantly lower in subjects with type 1 diabetes than in nondiabetic subjects (0.266 ± 0.089 vs. 0.436 ± 0.121 ng/ml, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and was inversely correlated with HbA1c (A1C) levels (r = −0.614, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In addition, multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that A1C was an independent risk factor for a low esRAGE value. Furthermore, circulating esRAGE levels were inversely correlated with carotid IMT (r = −0.325, P = 0.0017) and was one of the independent risk factors for IMT thickening. Furthermore, there was a significant difference (P = 0.0124) in esRAGE levels between patients without retinopathy (0.286 ± 0.092 ng/ml) and those with retinopathy (0.230 ± 0.074 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS—Circulating esRAGE levels were significantly lower in type 1 diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects and were inversely associated with the severity of some diabetic vascular complications.
States Debate 'Carrying Concealed Weapons' Laws
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ON THE SAME day that demolition experts imploded Oklahoma City's symbol of homegrown terrorism, Oklahoma legislators made a curious decision. They overhauled the state's gun laws, enacting a provision that makes it easier for adults in Oklahoma to carry concealed weapons. Their vote came despite the fact that Timothy McVeigh, charged in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, initially was taken into custody for driving without a license plate and carrying a loaded gun under his jacket. Oklahoma Rep Fred Stanley, one of the bill's authors, was quoted in<i>The Daily Oklahoman</i>as saying the law would put "ladies, like my wife," who carry concealed handguns, on the right side of the law. But state Rep Bill Settle, angered by recent National Rifle Association (NRA) offensives against federal agents, opposed the NRA-backed measure. Gov Frank Keating has said he will sign the bill. Law enforcement agencies in
A114: Methylprednisolone‐Induced Inhibition of miR‐155 Expression Increases SOCS1‐Driven Suppression of Cytokine Signaling
Authors: Trevor E. Davis, Katalin Kis‐Toth, George C. Tsokos
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose: MicroRNA (miRNA, miR) are short RNA species (20–23 nt) that act post‐transcriptionally modulating messenger RNA (mRNA) translation or stability. They control many biological processes including cell differentiation and homeostasis. Abnormal levels of miRNA have been implicated in cancers and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Steroids are first line anti‐inflammatory medications that act through transcriptional or posttranscriptional gene regulation. In multiple instances steroids cause mRNA destabilization indicating a potential role for miRNA. Previously, using high‐throughput microarray analysis, we found that methylprednisolone (MP) decreased miR‐155 expression in CD4 + T cells in vitro . miR‐155 is highly expressed in immune cells and influential in cell differentiation. This influence may in part be mediated through suppression of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a known target of miR‐155. SOCS1 inhibits multiple JAK/STAT pathways, which may inhibit cell proliferation and differentiation. Steroids have also been shown to inhibit proliferation, differentiation and the JAK/STAT pathways. Steroids through blocking the IL‐12/STAT4 pathway inhibit Th1 differentiation. This pathway is in part controlled by SOCS1, which should be under the control of miR‐155. Following our previous work here we explore the potential mechanism of action of miR‐155 during MP treatment of T cells. Methods: Total or naive CD4 + T cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and activated by anti‐CD3/anti‐CD28 antibodies for up to 5 days with or without Th1 polarizing conditions (10 nM IL‐12 and 5 mM anti‐IL‐4 neutralizing antibody) and with or without exposure to 10 −6 M of methylprednisolone. Some cells were first transfected with mimic miR‐155, control mimic miR, anti‐miR‐155, or control anti‐miR by electroporation. Effects on miR‐155, SOCS1, STAT phosphorylation, IFNg production and Th1 differentiation were monitored using flow cytometry, RNA quantification by PCR, and protein quantification by ELISA or western blot analysis. Results: Activated T cells treated with MP decrease miR‐155 expression and increase SOCS1 expression. In turn, SOCS1 decreases JAK/STAT signaling and inhibits response to cytokines, notably IL‐12, resulting in decreased IFNg production by activated T cells. Conclusion: We found that the anti‐inflammatory effects of MP, at least in part, act through decreasing miR‐155 in T cells by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling and cytokine production through modulating SOCS1 expression. Based on our findings we propose that miR‐155 inhibition could be utilized to suppress inflammation without the myriad of side effects currently inherent in chronic steroid therapy.
Hematopoietic Reconstitution in a Patient with Fanconi's Anemia by Means of Umbilical-Cord Blood from an HLA-Identical Sibling
Authors: E Gluckman, H A Broxmeyer, A D Auerbach, H S Friedman, G W Douglas, A Devergie, H Esperou, D Thierry, G Socie, P Lehn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The clinical manifestations of Fanconi’s anemia, an autosomal recessive disorder, include progressive pancytopenia, a predisposition to neoplasia, and nonhematopoietic developmental anomalies [1-3]. Hypersensitivity to the clastogenic effect of DNA-cross-linking agents such as diepoxybutane acts as a diagnostic indicator of the genotype of Fanconi’s anemia, both prenatally and postnatally [3-6]. Prenatal HLA typing has made it possible to ascertain whether a fetus is HLA-identical to an affected sibling [7]. We report here on hematopoietic reconstitution in a boy with severe Fanconi’s anemia who received cryo-preserved umbilical-cord blood from a sister shown by prenatal testing to be unaffected by the disorder, to have a normal karyotype, and to be HLA-identical to the patient. We used a pretransplantation conditioning procedure developed specifically for the treatment of such patients [8]; this technique makes use of the hypersensitivity of the abnormal cells to alkylating agents that cross-link DNA [9,10] and to irradiation [11] In this case, the availability of cord blood obviated the need for obtaining bone marrow from the infant sibling. This use of cord blood followed the suggestion of one of us that blood retrieved from umbilical cord at delivery, usually discarded, might restore hematopoiesis – a proposal supported by preparatory studies by some of us [12] and consistent with reports on the presence of hematopoietic stem and multipotential (CFU-GEMM), erythroid (BFU-E), and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells in human umbilical-cord blood (see the references cited by Broxmeyer et al. [12]).
Fine needle aspiration cytology in dermatology: a clinicopathological appraisal
Authors: D.N. SLATER, G. REILLY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The possible clinical value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been assessed prospectively in 60 patients presenting with cutaneous lesions. The cytological diagnosis in each case has been compared with the clinical diagnosis and biopsy result. The principal potential use appears to be the rapid confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma to allow immediate referral for radiotherapy or plastic surgery. FNAC could also prove useful when the clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma is in doubt and primary diagnostic excision is difficult or disfiguring. Accurate distinction could usually be made between benign and malignant lymphoproliferative conditions, but further classification was difficult. Metastatic malignancy could be diagnosed with ease and other characteristic cytological appearances were seen with naevocellular naevi, pyogenic granuloma and pilar cysts. However, there were limitations in achieving an accurate diagnosis in approximately half the cases, and consequently, FNAC cannot be regarded in general as a substitute for histological diagnosis.