tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The contribution of neutrophils to reperfusion arrhythmias and a possible role for antiadhesive pharmacological substances
Authors: S. Dhein, M. Schott, E. Gottwald, A. Muller, W. Klaus
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objectives: It is known that neutrophilic leukocytes contribute to cellular damage in the course of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. A role in arrhythmogenesis, although controversial, has been ascribed in some studies to the leukocytes, but investigations evaluating possible beneficial effects of inhibitors of neutrophil adhesion or transmigration are still missing. Methods: Isolated spontaneously beating rabbit hearts, perfused with saline solution at constant pressure according to the Langendorff technique, were treated with 15 min infusion of autologous neutrophils. 10 min after the start of this infusion the hearts were submitted to coronary occlusion (LAD) for 30 min followed by 30 min reperfusion. Four experimental groups were investigated: (1) saline-perfused control hearts, (2) leukocyte-perfused hearts, (3) leukocyte-perfused hearts treated with RGDS peptide, (4) leukocyte-perfused hearts treated with chondroitin sulfate C. In all experiments epicardial potential mapping was carried out (256 unipolar leads). At the end of each experiment the hearts were prepared for histology and after staining leukocyte accumulation in the ischemic zone, in the border zone and in the non-ischemic area was evaluated. Results: In leukocyte-perfused hearts submitted to ischemia/reperfusion we found a somewhat enhanced arrhythmogenesis, enhanced ST-segment deviation, and a 2–3-fold increase in leukocyte accumulation in the ischemic and border zone as compared to the non-ischemic tissue as well as increased dispersion of epicardial potential duration especially during reperfusion. These changes and the leukocyte accumulation could be suppressed by treatment with RGDS and to a somewhat lesser extent with chondroitin sulfate C. In addition, arrhythmogenesis could be reduced but not completely suppressed by that treatment. Conclusions: From these results we conclude that: (a) leukocytes exert an aggravating effect in arrhythmogenesis during ischemia/reperfusion, (b) the arrhythmogenic substrate for this effect may consist of an enhanced dispersion of potential duration and (c) that inhibition of leukocyte accumulation can at least partially reduce arrhythmogenesis and may be of therapeutic interest as an additional treatment.
How Essential Are Fatty Acids?
Authors: Ralph T. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ALTHOUGH the existence of  fatty  (EFA) has been known for 30 years, clinical interest in these dietary substances has been slight until recently. The possible relationship of EFA to the prevention or therapy of degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis has projected these nutrients into the first rank of medical problems and interest. Unfortunately, there are many misconceptions regarding EFA. The lag between laboratory investigation and clinical application is great. It is the aim of this article to define a few terms, correct a few false impressions and provide some background on the subject, to indicate the current status and trend of research in EFA, and to attempt the difficult extrapolation from theory to practice.  The term essential fatty acids has been used in several different meanings since it was first used by Burr and Burr in 1929. 1 They described a deficiency syndrome, caused by the rigid exclusion
Erratum: Narcolepsy is strongly associated with the T-cell receptor alpha locus
Authors: Joachim Hallmayer, Juliette Faraco, Ling Lin, Stephanie Hesselson, Juliane Winkelmann, Minae Kawashima, Geert Mayer, Giuseppe Plazzi, Sona Nevsimalova, Patrice Bourgin, Sheng Seung-Chul Hong, Yutaka Honda, Makoto Honda, Birgit Högl, William T Longstreth, Jacques Montplaisir, David Kemlink, Mali Einen, Justin Chen, Stacy L Musone, Matthew Akana, Taku Miyagawa, Jubao Duan, Alex Desautels, Christine Erhardt, Per Egil Hesla, Francesca Poli, Birgit Frauscher, Jong-Hyun Jeong, Sung-Pil Lee, Thanh G N Ton, Mark Kvale, Libor Kolesar, Marie Dobrovolná, Gerald T Nepom, Dan Salomon, H-Erich Wichmann, Guy A Rouleau, Christian Gieger, Douglas F Levinson, Pablo V Gejman, Thomas Meitinger, Terry Young, Paul Peppard, Katsushi Tokunaga, Pui-Yan Kwok, Neil Risch, Emmanuel Mignot
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Physicians and Morality
Authors: Robert D. Knapp
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Shanbrom's recent communication (<i>JAMA</i><b>182</b>:856 [Nov 24] 1962) deserves underlining. Preoccupied with the mechanics of treatment and the niceties of physiologic activity, physicians tend to ignore or distort the meaning of life and to misinterpret their obligations as medical practitioners. Life is so obviously more than movement of blood, intactness of reflex arcs, and existence of a particular composition for intracellular fluid. While, in our preoccupation with treatment, we try to pull another rabbit out of the hat, we isolate the dying patient from his friends and relatives. As a consequence of such last-ditch efforts, physicians and nurses are almost the only ones who see people die anymore. Probably in part because of this, laymen have the idea that dying is a dreadful thing, to be delayed at all costs. And what are these costs? They are parts of the lives of everyone else—physicians, nurses,
Bilateral parietal thinning in bronze age skull.
Authors: P. C. Dutta
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Hospital (U.C.H.), Ibadan, on 23 April 1968, from the psychiatric unit on account of increas- ing drowsiness and the finding on physical examination of bilateral papilloedema and left hemiparesis.She had been under treatment for paranoid schizophrenia since September 1967.She was first seen in this hospital in April 1961 after miscarrying a 10-week pregnancy, her second within two years.Her outside doctor
Medical Lectures to the Laity.
Authors: M. M. Stapler
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Macon, Ga., March 16, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am impressed with what you have had to say inThe Journal, March 1, page 556, about the propriety of medical societies having an authorized medical instructor of the people. I think the profession needs to enlighten the public and they would be glad to hear the truth from such a source. Yours very truly,
Chylothorax: diagnosis by lipoprotein electrophoresis of serum and pleural fluid.
Authors: N S Seriff, M L Cohen, P Samuel, P L Schulster
Journal: Thorax (1977)

This report describes a 31-year-old woman who underwent a technically difficult left pneumonectomy for tuberculosis and developed thereafter a large left pleural effusion which was milky in colour. A traumatic chylothorax was suspected, and the diagnosis was confirmed by simultaneous fasting pleural and serum lipid studies and lipoprotein electrophoresis. The latter study was especially helpful in confirming the chylous nature of the fluid in that it revealed a marked chylomicron band at the origin; this was not present in the patient9s serum nor in the pleural fluid of five patients with other disease states studied as controls.
Abstract P5-05-04: Relationship between plasma estradiol levels and estrogen-regulated gene expressions in premenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers
Authors: T Toyama, T Asano, S Sato, N Yoshimoto, Y Endo, Y Hato, S Takahashi, H Yamashita
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) expression status in breast cancer are important factors in determining the use of adjuvant therapy. Plasma estradiol (E2) and progesterone vary markedly through the menstrual cycle. Recently, the levels of PgR expression were reported to be correlated with E2 at the time of surgery in Caucasian premenopausal breast cancer patients. Materials and methods: In this study, plasma E2 levels at surgery were examined for correlations with expressions of estrogen-regulated genes (ERGs), including PgR, and proliferation genes in 147 Japanese premenopausal ER-positive breast cancers. Plasma E2 and progesterone, FSH, and LH were measured on the day of surgery by ECLIA and mRNA expressions were analyzed for 4 ERGs (PgR, GREB1, TFF1, PDZK1), 2 progesterone-regulated (RANKL, cyclin D1) and 2 proliferation genes (MKI67, BIRC5) by RT-PCR using the TaqMan system. ER and PgR protein expression levels were estimated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Our results revealed that expressions of PgR mRNA and protein in breast cancer tissues were significantly correlated with plasma E2 levels at surgery (p = 0.005, p = 0.0165, respectively). Other ERGs were also significantly correlated with plasma E2 levels. However, there were no correlations between mRNA expressions of proliferation genes, MKI67 and BIRC5, and plasma E2 levels. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of the progesterone-regulated genes, RANKL and cyclin D1, were significantly correlated with PgR mRNA expression (p&amp;lt;0.0001, p&amp;lt;0.0001, respectively). Discussion: Significant correlations were seen in the expression of ERGs in Japanese ER-positive breast cancers according to the plasma E2 levels, which vary markedly through the menstrual cycle. Our results supported the previous report in Caucasian patients by other group. This variability may affect the interpretation of gene expression profiles incorporating ERGs such as the 21-gene recurrence score. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-05-04.
Anniversary of the Royal Society
Authors: None Lister
Journal: BMJ (1899)

anniversa1y meeting of the Royal Society was held on St. Andrew's Day.Lord LISTER, in the course of his presidential address, re- ferred to some of the more distinguished Fellows who had died since the last anniversary.Jn mentioning Sir William Flower, whom he described as a man of noble and generous nature, ever ready to give hiis aid and counsel to those who sought it, he said that the arrangements of museum collec- tions was a matter which engaged Flower's earliest attention.One well qualified to speak on the subject lhad said " the ar- rangement and exhibition of specimens carried out by Flower in both instances " (the Hunterian Museum and the Natural History NMuseum) " was so definiite an improvement on previous methods that he deserves to be considered as an originator and inventor in museum work.His methods have not only met with general
Rapid early HDV RNA decline in the peripheral blood but prolonged intrahepatic hepatitis delta antigen persistence after liver transplantation
Authors: Ingmar Mederacke, Natalie Filmann, Cihan Yurdaydin, Birgit Bremer, Florian Puls, Behrend Johann Zacher, Benjamin Heidrich, Hans Ludger Tillmann, Jens Rosenau, C.-Thomas Bock, Berna Savas, Fabian Helfritz, Frank Lehner, Christian P. Strassburg, Juergen Klempnauer, Karsten Wursthorn, Ulrich Lehmann, Michael P. Manns, Eva Herrmann, Heiner Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Recognizing Maltose-induced Hyponatremia
Authors: Robert C. Hollander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 February 1994Recognizing Maltose-induced HyponatremiaRobert C. Hollander, MDRobert C. Hollander, MDWadsworth Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90073Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Palevsky and colleagues [1] did not discuss the importance of recognizing that the hyponatremia induced by maltose is hypertonic, nor do they mention whether their patient's sensorium was altered. Unless a serum osmolarity is checked, the less experienced clinician might consider hyponatremia in a patient receiving an intravenous immune globulin infusion to be hypotonic and administer hypertonic saline to “correct” the serum sodium.One clue could be the absence of central nervous system toxicity expected for that degree of hyponatremia. Symptoms in the more common hypotonic hyponatremia develop because of transcellular shifts in water and the development ...REFERENCE1. Palevsky PM, Rendulic D, Diven WF. Maltose-induced hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:526-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wadsworth Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90073 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTrastornos del sodio 1 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 3Page: 248-249KeywordsCentral nervous systemGlobulinsHyponatremiaImmune serumIsotonicityMedical dialysisRenal failureSaline solutionsSodiumToxicity Issue Published: 1 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Testing new pharmaceutical products in children
Authors: A. G Sutcliffe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ideally all medicines that could benefit children should be licensed for this purpose. To date this has been the exception rather than the rule, resulting in children becoming therapeutic orphans sometimes with tragic consequences. Many medicines prescribed for children, whether in hospital or primary care, are either unlicensed or off label (used for an indication, age, dose, or route of administration outside the terms of the product licence). 1 2 Other problems surround the prescribing, dispensing, and administering of medicines to children.3 Many difficulties could be overcome if manufacturers were obliged to test their products on children as well as adults.

In the United States a “carrot and stick” approach has been adopted to achieve this end.4 The carrot is the “paediatric exclusivity provision,” which grants an additional six months of patent protection or market exclusivity to companies that voluntarily test the relevant drug on children. The stick is the “paediatric rule,” a later requirement by the Food and Drug Administration that companies test their products on children under certain circumstances. …
Reengineered Monoclonal Antibodies Step Up to the Plate in Cancer Studies
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

LIKE SPORTS FANS habitually disappointed when their team falters after a promising early season, researchers working on monoclonal antibody (Mab)— targeted cancer therapies are no strangers to initial enthusiasm followed by dashed hopes. While Mabs found a ready place as diagnostic tools within a decade after investigators discovered how to mass-produce identical antibodies using mouse cells, efforts to develop Mab-based treatments were considerably less successful. "Difficulties were underestimated, the time line was unrealistic, and the claims were overstated," said Lloyd J. Old, MD, director of the Cancer Research Institute's (CRI) scientific advisory council and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY. Now, with a better understanding of some of the pitfalls in bringing these Mabs into the human arena and the development of new generations of reengineered Mabs entering the clinic, some researchers at a CRI-sponsored conference in New York City expressed cautious optimism that the approach will
Mortality from scleroderma in England and Wales 1968-1985.
Authors: A J Silman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Mortality data for scleroderma derived from death certificates from England and Wales for the years 1968-1985 were analysed. The overall crude mortalities were 0.9 and 3.8 per million per year in men and women respectively, which are similar to comparable data from the United States. There has been a small but statistically significant increase in mortality of 3% a year over this period, possibly reflecting an underlying increasing trend in incidence. Such analyses are subject to the limitation of the accuracy of death certificates, but in a disease as rare as scleroderma the death rates provide useful data on the trends in occurrence and death from this disease.
Immunization against influenza. Prevention of illness in man by aerosolized inactivated vaccine
Authors: R. H. Waldman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

During the A2 influenza epidemic of the winter of 1967 to 1968, commercially available inactivated influenza virus vaccine, bivalent, was administered by aerosol to 386 volunteers to test its efficacy in protecting against influenza illness. The illness rate in volunteers receiving the aerosolized vaccine was compared to that of 269 persons receiving the same vaccine subcutaneously and to that of 1,490 persons who received either sodium chloride solution or no inoculation. The group receiving aerosolized influenza vaccine had 79% fewer illnesses while subcutaneously immunized volunteers had 27% fewer illnesses, when compared to the control groups receiving no immunization. In addition to its superiority in ability to protect against naturally occurring influenza illness, the aerosolized vaccine led to a significantly lower incidence of side effects and to a significantly shorter duration of illness in those few who became ill.
The Full Treatment
Authors: Walter Modell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IT would be best if I started with a plain statement on how I feel about the relief of symptoms. My opinion is that relieving distressing symptoms is an exceedingly important aspect of medical care, and that to ignore the reactions of the patient to distress is to deprive him of one of the achievements of modern medicine. Beyond this, I believe that relieving the symptom is not necessarily more simple than treating the cause of a precisely diagnosed disease — that it often presents even more complex problems in therapy. The use of drugs for the relief of symptoms . . .
Progenitor egress from the bone marrow after allergen challenge: Role of stromal cell–derived factor 1α and eotaxin
Authors: Sandra C. Dorman, Irene Babirad, Julia Post, Rick M. Watson, Ronan Foley, Graham L. Jones, Paul M. O'Byrne, Roma Sehmi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
The Rehabilitation of Patients Totally Paralyzed below the Waist: With Special Reference to Making Them Ambulatory and Capable of Earning Their Own Living
Authors: Donald Munro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

EVERY patient who has sustained an injury to the spinal cord, conus or cauda equina and is intelligent and co-operative has the right to expect infallible twenty-four-hour control of urination by the time he leaves his physician's care. Only those whose bladders have been denervated because of bilateral destruction of the parasympathetic plexuses or the lower four sacral segments or roots need any extraneous aid. Their numbers are negligible among civilians. Control of urination is an essential preliminary to self-support. No one will either walk abroad or be able to hold a job if he smells or if his clothes . . .
Editorial
Authors: STEWART G. WOLF, J. SCOTT BUTTERWORTH, BERNARD V. DRYER, HANS H. HECHT, CARL J. JOSEPHSON, HILLIARD J. KATZ, EUGENE J. LIPPSCHUTZ, HENRY D. MCINTOSH, GEORGE E. MILLER, ROBERT L. PARKER, LAMONT R. SCHWEIGER, J. MURRAY STEELE, JAMES V. WARREN, WILLIAM W. WOOD, FREDERICK J. LEWY, RICHARD E. HURLEY
Journal: Circulation (1961)

AN ANALYSIS of postgraduate educationJ~i n this country raises doubts as to how far programs, as they are presently planned and conducted, succeed in raising the level of medical practice.If the ultimate goal of pro- fessional education is the improvement of pa- tient care, then the physician must be pro- vided with better opportunities to keep abreast of medical advances and to cultivate his skills and judgment.The fact that programs frequently are not adapted to their needs may be a reason why *This report was prepared at the request of the American Heart Association's Central Committee on Medical and Community Program for a five-year projection of activities for the Association in professional education.To define the fundamental problems of physician education, the Committee on Professional Education met with representatives of the Professional Education Committees of the affiliate heart associations during the 1959 Annual Meeting of the American Heart Association, and subsequently with a group of consultants and medical educators at a two-day study session in January 1960.From these sessions it became apparent that to recommend a program of activities for the American Heart Association would require a general analysis of the status of professional education in this country and of current teaching methods.
Attenuation of Melanoma Invasion by a Secreted Variant of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule
Authors: Jeroen W.J. van Kilsdonk, Roel H. Wilting, Mieke Bergers, Goos N.P. van Muijen, Joost Schalkwijk, Léon C.L.T. van Kempen, Guido W.M. Swart
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a marker of various cancers and mesenchymal stem cells, is involved in melanoma metastasis. We have exploited a secreted NH2-terminal fragment, sALCAM, to test the hypothesis that ALCAM coordinates tissue growth and cell migration. Overexpression of sALCAM in metastatic melanoma cells disturbed clustering of endogenous ALCAM and inhibited activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Exposure of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells to sALCAM similarly inhibited MMP-2, suggesting a broader effect on ALCAM-positive tumor cells. In contrast to the previously reported, promotive effects of an NH2-terminally truncated, transmembrane variant (ΔN-ALCAM), sALCAM impaired the migratory capacity of transfected cells in vitro, reduced basement membrane penetration in reconstituted human skin equivalents, and diminished metastatic capacity in nude mice. Remarkably, L1 neuronal cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM/CD171), another progression marker of several cancers including melanoma, was suppressed upon sALCAM overexpression but was up-regulated by ΔN-ALCAM. The partially overlapping and opposite effects induced by alternative strategies targeting ALCAM functions collectively attribute an integrative role to ALCAM in orchestrating cell adhesion, growth, invasion, and proteolysis in the tumor tissue microenvironment and disclose a therapeutic potential for sALCAM. [Cancer Res 2008;68(10):3671–9]
Disabled Receptor Signaling and New Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
Authors: Christopher E. Rudd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

During the past decade, we have witnessed major advances in the identification of mutations that cause primary immunodeficiency disorders — exciting results of the successful blending of fundamental and clinical research. Among the disturbances that disable the immune system is severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which occurs at a rate of 1 per 75,000 births. Babies born with SCID have greatly increased susceptibility to many environmental pathogens, and without treatment, these babies die of infection within 6 to 12 months. The curative treatment is allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, which provides the T-cell progenitors that are missing in patients with SCID.The . . .