tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Markers of Coronary Risk
Authors: Daniel J. Rader
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The past decade has been characterized by growing interest in the idea that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease1 and by the finding that serum levels of markers of inflammation can be used to predict the risk of cardiovascular events.2 In this issue of the Journal are two reports — one by Lindahl et al.3 and one by Packard et al.4 — that advance our knowledge of these areas. Both studies made use of clinical trials to address whether levels of serum-based inflammatory markers were predictive of cardiovascular events.Lindahl et al.3 addressed whether serum levels of cardiac troponin T, C-reactive . . .
George Stewart Kilpatrick
Authors: S. Hatch
Journal: BMJ (2013)

George Stewart Kilpatrick was one of several Scottish physicians who influenced the development of the Welsh National School of Medicine in the 1970s and 1980s. He will be remembered with warmth and enduring affection by all who knew him. Professor Kilpatrick started at the Welsh National School of Medicine in 1962-3 as a senior lecturer in the department of tuberculosis and chest diseases and in the medical unit. He was the school’s dean in 1970-1. In May 1980 he became David Davies professor of tuberculosis and chest diseases. During his career he took on roles on external bodies serving on the council of the British Tuberculosis Association, its research committee, and the advisory editorial …
Oral rapamune to inhibit restenosis in patients with multi de-novo coronary lesions requiring stenting
Authors: Ron Waksman, Andrew E. Ajani, Augusto D. Pichard, Ellen Pinnow, Lowell F. Satlier, Kenneth M. Kent, Neil J. Weissman, Rebecca Torguson, Louise Gambone, Maureen Abbott, Peter Iloanya, Joseph Lindsay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Phosphorylated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I/Insulin Receptor Is Present in All Breast Cancer Subtypes and Is Related to Poor Survival
Authors: Jennifer H. Law, Golareh Habibi, Kaiji Hu, Hamid Masoudi, Michelle Y.C. Wang, Anna L. Stratford, Eugene Park, Julia M.W. Gee, Pauline Finlay, Helen E. Jones, Robert I. Nicholson, Joan Carboni, Marco Gottardis, Michael Pollak, Sandra E. Dunn
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Drugs that target the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and/or insulin receptor (IR) are currently under investigation for a variety of malignancies including breast cancer. Although we have previously reported that IGF-IR expression in primary breast tumors is common, the activation status of this receptor has not been examined in relation to survival. Phosphorylated IGF-IR/IR (P-IGF-IR/IR) and its downstream signaling partner phospho-S6 (P-S6) were evaluated immunohistochemically in tumor tissue microarrays representing 438 cases of invasive breast cancer. P-IGF-IR/IR (n = 114; P = 0.046) and total levels of IR (n = 122; P = 0.009) were indicative of poor survival, whereas total IGF-IR (n = 112; P = 0.304) was not. P-IGF-IR/IR and P-S6 were coordinately expressed in primary breast tumors (likelihood ratio, 11.57; P = 6.70 × 10−4). Importantly, P-IGF-IR/IR was detected in all breast cancer subtypes (luminal, 48.1%; triple negative, 41.9%; and HER2, 64.3%). In vitro, the IGF-IR/IR inhibitor BMS-536924 decreased phospho-RSK and P-S6, and significantly suppressed the growth of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, SUM149, and AU565 representing the luminal, triple negative, and HER2 subtypes, respectively, in monolayer and soft agar. BMS-536924 also inhibited growth in tamoxifen resistant MCF-7 Tam-R cells while having little effect on immortalized normal breast epithelial cells. Thus, we can determine which patients have the activated receptor and provide evidence that P-IGF-IR/IR is a prognostic factor for breast cancer. Beyond this, P-IGF-IR/IR could be a predictive marker for response to IGF-IR and/or IR-targeted therapies, as these inhibitors may be of benefit in all breast cancer subtypes including those with acquired resistance to tamoxifen. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10238–46]
Exposures to multiple air toxics in New York City.
Authors: Patrick L Kinney, Steven N Chillrud, Sonja Ramstrom, James Ross, John D Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Efforts to assess health risks associated with exposures to multiple urban air toxics have been hampered by the lack of exposure data for people living in urban areas. The TEACH (Toxic Exposure Assessment, a Columbia/Harvard) study was designed to characterize levels of and factors influencing personal exposures to urban air toxics among high school students living in inner-city neighborhoods of New York City and Los Angeles, California. This present article reports methods and data for the New York City phase of TEACH, focusing on the relationships between personal, indoor, and outdoor concentrations in winter and summer among a group of 46 high school students from the A. Philip Randolph Academy, a public high school located in the West Central Harlem section of New York City. Air pollutants monitored included a suite of 17 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aldehydes, particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter <or= 2.5 microm (PM2.5), black carbon, and a suite of 28 particle-associated trace elements. Sequential 48-hr ambient samples also were collected over 8 weeks in each season at an urban fixed site and an upwind, nonurban fixed site. Personal, indoor, and outdoor concentrations of particle elements were generally similar, suggesting that ambient sources may have driven indoor and personal exposures for most elements. More varied relationships among personal, home indoor, and home outdoor concentrations were observed for VOCs and aldehydes. For formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and several VOCs, indoor concentrations far exceeded outdoor levels and appeared to dominate personal exposures. Strong seasonal differences in indoor to outdoor concentration ratios were observed for these compounds, reflecting the influence of home air exchange rates. For other VOCs, especially those related to motor vehicle exhaust, more consistent indoor, outdoor, and personal concentrations were observed, suggesting that ambient concentrations may have been the driving force for personal exposures to some VOCs. These results demonstrate exposures to a wide range of air toxic pollutants among young people attending school in inner-city New York.
On the Excretion of Urea.
Authors: E. P. Stimson
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Tiverton, R. I., Sept. 10, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> — On page 438 of theJournal, Aug. 28, 1897, Dr. Charles Stover of Amsterdam, N. Y., is quoted as follows: "He also spoke of a case which came under his own observation, in which but 500 grains of urea were excreted daily when there should have been 1,300, the patient developing eclampsia." I do not remember having read that pregnancy was a particular cause of increased excretion of urea, but consulting my authorities, quotations from a few enclosed, I learn that the normal excretion of urea is about 1 ounce or 500 grains in health. If the above statement of Dr. Stover is a fact, that she should have excreted 1,300 grains, or 2.15 time the normal amount during health, what cause should this great increase of the excretion of urea in pregnancy be ascribed to? Allow me to quote.
A Single-Step Affinity Column for Purification of Serotype-5 Based Adeno-associated Viral Vectors
Authors: Alberto Auricchio, Erin O'Connor, Markus Hildinger, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Here we describe a single-step affinity column for purification of vectors based on adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5). A sialic-acid-rich protein called mucin was covalently attached to Sepharose and was found to bind AAV5 vectors. Elution with high salt efficiently recovered highly active vectors of greater purity than what is achieved with CsCl2 sedimentation.
SAHLI'S POCKET SPHYGMOBOLOMETER
Authors: NATHANIEL BOWDITCH POTTER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In order to estimate the work or the energy of the pulse-wave and so indirectly the strength of the cardiac systole, Professor Sahli has devised and quite recently simplified a portable and clinically applicable instrument which he calls a pocket sphygmobolometer (bol== a throw); see illustration. A small rubber bag (<i>D</i>) is bound to the radial artery by the cuff (<i>H</i>). This bag is connected by small rubber tubing to a 10 c.c. syringe (<i>G</i>), to a horizontal blind manometer (<i>EF</i>) containing a kerosene index, and to a vertical, throttled mercury manometer (<i>A</i>). By means of the syringe the rubber bag is inflated, and the pressure on the contained air increased until the pulsations of the index in the blind manometer reach a maximum. The pressure of the air in excess of atmospheric pressure is then read on the mercury manometer The initial volume of air contained in the different
Proliferative and re-defferentiative effects of photo-immobilized micro-patterned hyaluronan surfaces on chondrocyte cells
Authors: Rolando Barbucci, Paola Torricelli, Milena Fini, Daniela Pasqui, Pietro Favia, Eloisa Sardella, Riccardo d’Agostino, Roberto Giardino
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN THE FROG
Authors: Jean Oliver, Pearl Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. It is possible to produce in the perfused frog's kidney an experimental nephritis which is anatomically similar to that which develops in the living animal. 2. The functional effects of these anatomical alterations may be examined by a method previously described. 3. The correlation of the two aspects of damage, anatomical and functional, is more certain under such conditions than in the living animal. 4. The value of the extravital method in general problems is indicated by our brief consideration of mitochondrial changes.
The responses of an able bodied person to wheelchair training: a case study.
Authors: H K Lakomy, T Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To examine the responses of a previously untrained, able bodied male to a 10 month training programme in a wheelchair.Physiological indices and performance times were measured over the 10 month period during periods of general conditioning, specific conditioning, and competition.Although both peak oxygen uptake and maximum heart rate increased it was found that the main contribution to improvements in performance was from increased pushing economy. The value of peak oxygen uptake for the subject was within the normal range for paraplegics; however, maximum ventilation exceeded the levels normally achieved by paraplegics. At the conclusion of the study the subject successfully completed a wheelchair marathon in a time of 2 h 9 min at an average speed of 5.17 m s1.It was possible for an able bodied person with no previous experience in a wheelchair to successfully compete in a wheelchair marathon with only 10 months training. The main contribution to the improvement in performance was from increased pushing economy.
Interactions between clinically used drugs and oral contraceptives.
Authors: H M Bolt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Metabolism of contraceptive compounds may be influenced by various drugs. Of clinical importance is induction by barbiturates, by diphenylhydantoin, and especially by rifampicin, of enzymes that are responsible for degradation of estrogens. The major target is the hepatic microsomal estrogen-2-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 3A4). Another type of interaction of drugs with disposition and effectiveness of estrogens is impairment of their enterohepatic circulation. This may be due to absorption of biliary estrogen conjugates (e.g., by cholestyramine) or to insufficient cleavage of the conjugate by intestinal bacteria, the latter being observed after administration of antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin, neomycin).
Case of Traumatic Tetanus: Recovery
Authors: S. T. Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1857)

ing under ncute rheumatism for about a fortnight.The pain was severe in the knees, shoulders, and knuckles.There were no heart symptoms.His general health seemed to be pretty good.le was puit at once on the opium treatment; a pill containing one grain of opium with a small quantity of colo- cynth being given every hour.-le took six pills that day, in the course of seven hours, with manifest relief to the pain, but without their procuring sleep.During the next three days the pills were continued regularly (he took fifty-two in this time); when, as he was becoming delirious, they were ordered every third hour, and then discontinued.He had thus taken sixtytwo grains of opium altogether in five days.The principal effect appeared to be the relief of the pain, so that he could soon sit up easily in bed, whereas, on his admission, he could not bear to be raised.He did not sleep inordinately, and was always easily roused.The deliiium noted above soon suibsided on the omission of the narcotic.He was ordered to have an effervescing saline draught with ammonia.On November 4th, however, cardiac svmptoms supervened;a friction-sound and systolic murmur were heard.Leeches
On the Pathology and Clinical History of some Rare Forms of Bony Ankylosis
Authors: H. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1895)

Consulting Surgeon to the Hospital for Sick Children.NOT many years ago all that was taught about bony ankylosis could be summed up in two propositions: (A) That the only manner in which a joint could recover after it had been involved in suppuration was by the development of bony anky- losis.(B) That there was only one cause for bony ankylosis, namely, suppuration.It is now known that neither of these propositions is correct. (A) Suppuration is not necessarily, either in acute or chronic cases that recover, followed by bony ankylosis.This is illustrated in regard to acute cases, in pysemia, acute suppurative arthritis following wounds, the acute arthritis of infants, and in other instances.In all these conditions, if the joint concerned is freely opened, irrigated, and drained aseptically, perfectly free movement may be preserved.Sometimes, if a joint distended with pus,
Acute myocardial infarction. Prognosis complicated by ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest
Authors: R. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A community-wide study was conducted in metropolitan Baltimore in which the prognosis of 330 patients hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest (VFib/CA) was compared with that of 1,071 patients hospitalized with acute MI not complicated by VFib/CA. As expected, the in-hospital case-fatality rate among patients with MI complicated by VFib/CA was significantly higher than that in patients without VFib/CA. However, for patients discharged alive from the hospital, no significant differences in long-term survival were found between patients with MI with or without VFib/CA. These results suggest that attempts at preventing subsequent mortality should be diligently pursued in patients with MI who are discharged alive from the hospital regardless of the occurrence of VFib/CA in the acute phase. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2024-2027, 1979)
Ventricular Function
Authors: STANLEY J. SARNOFF, ROBERT B. CASE, ERIK BERGLUND, L. CHARLOTTE SARNOFF
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The cardiovascular effects of a new, long-acting, sympathomimetic amine, Aramine, are described. Cardiac output, aortic pressure, coronary flow, and ventricular stroke work rise while atrial pressures fall. A sustained increase in myocardial contractility is produced and the myocardium does not require more coronary flow per unit of ventricular work after its administration. The circulatory effects of ventricular failure produced by restricting coronary flow are reversed by the drug. The authors seriously question the premise that the ideal agent for the management of cardiogenic shock should act solely on the peripheral vascular bed.
Inhibition of T-Cell Rosette Formation by Hodgkin-Disease Serum
Authors: Frederick P. Siegal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

After more than a decade of investigation of lymphoid subpopulations through the use of cell markers, some recent studies are beginning to provide insights into the mysterious process known as Hodgkin's disease. Several different groups working in the field have found conflicting results, reporting either normal or reduced proportions of thymus-dependent (T) cells, usually determined by the ability of these lymphocytes to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes.1 In 1974, Bobrove, Fuks, Strober and Kaplan reported that although the proportion of T cells in their patients was normal when measured with a specific anti-T-cell antiserum, many such cells failed to form . . .
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Fibroblasts Provide a Suitable Microenvironment for Tumor Development and Progression in Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Chunyu Zhang, Li Fu, Jianhua Fu, Liang Hu, Hong Yang, Tie-Hua Rong, Yan Li, Haibo Liu, Song-Bin Fu, Yi-Xin Zeng, Xin-Yuan Guan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Tumor fibroblasts (TF) have been suggested to play an essential role in the complex process of tumor-stroma interactions and tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the specific role of TF in the esophageal cancer microenvironment. Experimental Design: An Affymetrix expression microarray was used to compare gene expression profiles between six pairs of TFs and normal fibroblasts from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and a subset was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: About 43% (126 of 292) of known deregulated genes in TFs were associated with cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immune response. Up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), which showed the most significant change, was detected in all six tested TFs compared with their paired normal fibroblasts. A further study found that FGFR2-positive fibroblasts were only observed inside the tumor tissues and not in tumor-surrounding stromal tissues, suggesting that FGFR2 could be used as a TF-specific marker in ESCC. Moreover, the conditioned medium from TFs was found to be able to promote ESCC tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Conclusions: Our study provides new candidate genes for the esophageal cancer microenvironment. Based on our results, we hypothesize that FGFR2(+)-TFs might provide cancer cells with a suitable microenvironment via secretion of proteins that could promote cancer development and progression through stimulation of cancer cell proliferation, induction of angiogenesis, inhibition of cell adhesion, enhancement of cell mobility, and promotion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Radical oxygen species production induced by advanced oxidation protein products predicts clinical evolution and response to treatment in systemic sclerosis
Authors: A Servettaz, P Guilpain, C Goulvestre, C Chéreau, C Hercend, C Nicco, L Guillevin, B Weill, L Mouthon, F Batteux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of the various patterns of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and the mechanisms of ROS production by endothelial cells and fibroblasts. <b>Methods:</b> Production of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), nitric oxide (NO) and cellular proliferation were determined following incubation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts with 56 SSc and 30 healthy sera. Correlations were established between those markers, the type and the severity of the clinical involvements, and the response to treatment. The factors leading to ROS production were determined. <b>Results:</b> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production by endothelial cells and fibroblasts was higher after incubation with SSc sera than with normal sera (p&lt;0.001) and with sera from SSc patients with severe complications than sera from other patients (p&lt;0.05). Sera from patients with lung fibrosis triggered the proliferation of fibroblasts more than other SSc sera (p&lt;0.001), whereas sera from patients with vascular complications exerted no proliferative effect on fibroblasts, but inhibited endothelial cell growth (p&lt;0.05) and induced NO overproduction (p&lt;0.05). Bosentan reduced NO release by 32%, whereas N-acetylcystein potentiated 5-fluorouracil (5FU) to inhibit fibroblast proliferation by 78%. Those serum-mediated effects did not involve antibodies but advanced oxidation protein products that selectively triggered cells to produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or NO. <b>Conclusions:</b> SSc sera induce the production of different types of ROS that selectively activate endothelial cells or fibroblasts, leading to vascular or fibrotic complications. Assaying serum-induced ROS production allows clinical activity of the disease to be followed and appropriate treatments to be selected.
Inconsistent Coding of Race and Ethnicity in Infants
Authors: M. Fendrich
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The failure of Hahn et al<sup>1</sup>to use appropriate statistics for gauging the consistency of categorical data leads to conclusions that are at best overstated and at worst misleading. Reanalysis of the birth/death agreement data presented by Hahn et al using co efficient κ instead of the uncorrected "percentage agreement" statistics<sup>2</sup>(Tables 1 and 2) indicates that coding for most categories of race and Hispanic origin meet or exceed the standards for fair to good levels of agreement and are not "remarkably inconsistent." Point estimates for coefficient κ suggest that the only category of race coded with poor consistency is "Other"—a category that is vaguely defined in the first place. Hahn et al were correct in noting that whites and blacks are coded with a high level of consistency; inspection of κ coefficients suggests that coding of two other race categories, American Indians and Hawaiians,
NHS: The Musical!
Authors: Phyllida Brown
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A neurin Bevan, the Welsh miner's son who created Britain's NHS in 1948, might have been surprised to find himself starring in a musical satire. But then he would have been surprised about the way things have turned out for the NHS.

Bevan championed the then-radical idea of universal health care, free at the point of use. He believed that this initiative would improve the nation's health so rapidly that eventually the costs of the service would fall. Today, after 58 years, healthcare costs are spiralling, the score card on the nation's health is mixed, and the NHS is a much-kicked political football whose seams sometimes appear to be bursting. Can Bevan's ideal survive?

This is the central question behind NHS: The Musical! Nick Stimson and Jimmy Jewell have pulled off the unlikely feat of making the United Kingdom's largest employer the subject of a genuinely entertaining evening. Their sometimes biting satire portrays the key NHS stakeholders—patients, politicians, clinicians, administrators, and industry—each fighting for their own agenda. Of course, there are jokes about Viagra, jokes about Herceptin, and jokes about doctors …