tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression
Authors: Sidney J. Blatt, David C. Zuroff
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (1992)

This paper reviews recent research that indicates the importance of differentiating subtypes of depression based on two types of experiences that lead individuals to become depressed: (a) disruptions of interpersonal relations and (b) threats to self-integrity and self-esteem. We review research with clinical and nonclinical samples that investigated the relationships of these distinctions to the quality of current interpersonal relationships and to differential sensitivity to various types of stressful life events, as well as to aspects of early life experiences, especially the quality of the parent-child relationship. We also evaluate research evidence that considers the role of these two dimensions in clinical depression. In addition to proposing an etiologic model about aspects of the onset and recurrence of depression based on the interaction between personality predispositions and types of stressful life events, we place these observations about depression in a broad theoretical context of contemporary personality theory which defines two primary dimensions of personality development and psychopathology.
Occupational Risk Factors and Asthma among Health Care Professionals
Authors: George L. Delclos, David Gimeno, Ahmed A. Arif, Keith D. Burau, Arch Carson, Christine Lusk, Thomas Stock, Elaine Symanski, Lawrence W. Whitehead, Jan-Paul Zock, Fernando G. Benavides, Josep M. Antó
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Recent U.S. data suggest an increased risk of work-related asthma among health care workers, yet only a few specific determinants have been elucidated.To evaluate associations of asthma prevalence with occupational exposures in a cross-sectional survey of health care professionals.A detailed questionnaire was mailed to a random sample (n=5,600) of all Texas physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and occupational therapists with active licenses in 2003. Information on asthma symptoms and nonoccupational asthma risk factors obtained from the questionnaire was linked to occupational exposures derived through an industry-specific job-exposure matrix.There were two a priori defined outcomes: (1) physician-diagnosed asthma with onset after entry into health care ("reported asthma") and (2) "bronchial hyperresponsiveness-related symptoms," defined through an 8-item symptom-based predictor.Overall response rate was 66%. The final study population consisted of 862 physicians, 941 nurses, 968 occupational therapists, and 879 respiratory therapists (n=3,650). Reported asthma was associated with medical instrument cleaning (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-3.67), general cleaning (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.20-3.40), use of powdered latex gloves between 1992 and 2000 (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.27-3.73), and administration of aerosolized medications (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.05-2.83). The risk associated with latex glove use was not apparent after 2000. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness-related symptoms were associated with general cleaning (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.21-2.19), aerosolized medication administration (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06-1.84), use of adhesives on patients (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.24), and exposure to a chemical spill (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.28-3.21).The contribution of occupational exposures to asthma in health care professionals is not trivial, meriting both implementation of appropriate controls and further study.
Red-cell Survival in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria
Authors: F. P. Muldowney, M. M. Bluhm, E. J. Wayne
Journal: BMJ (1957)

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HAEMOGLOBINURIA MEDBICiH 1277 affect the results.The results reported by no means cover all the lipids or even phospholipids in the red cell, and it may well be that other constituents are involved also.This, and the relationships these abnormalities have to the mechanism of the disease, form a problem under further investigation.We thank Professor J. V. Dacie for kindly providing many of the samples of P.N.H. blood for this study.
African Lineage, Hypertension Linked
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

NO TEARS were shed by members of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research as hypertension experts reported new findings about salt and water in the human body at this year's fall conference in Chicago, Ill. Many expressed their "excitement" about the possibility of finding evidence for the etiology of hypertension directly in men and women, rather than being limited to extrapolating from studies on rats that may or may not be totally applicable. Clarence E. Grim, MD, director of the Hypertension Research Center at the Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, Calif (a facility affiliated with the UCLA School of Medicine), used mitochondrial DNA analysis to extend an ongoing study of high blood pressure among blacks in the western hemisphere. <h3>Unusual in Africa</h3> Among present-day Africans living on their own continent, hypertension is unusual. Grim says a study he conducted in a Nigerian village revealed
Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Cigarette Smoke in Ovalbumin-sensitized Guinea Pigs
Authors: ZHONG-XIN WU, DAOHONG ZHOU, GANG CHEN, LU-YUAN LEE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

This study was carried out to determine if the bronchoconstrictive effect of cigarette smoke (CS) is enhanced when airway hyperresponsiveness is induced by ovalbumin (Ova) sensitization, and if so, whether an increase in endogenously released tachykinins is involved. The bronchoconstrictive effects of an acute CS inhalation challenge (15 ml; 50% concentration) were compared between guinea pigs sensitized with aerosolized Ova and matching control animals (receiving saline aerosol). In Ova-sensitized animals, there were marked increases in the numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which was accompanied by an elevated bronchomotor response to acetylcholine (ACh). The baseline lung resistance (Rl) and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) were not significantly different between the two groups; however, the same CS inhalation challenge evoked a significantly more intense bronchoconstriction in the Ova-sensitized group (control group: Δ Rl = 68 ± 8%, Δ Cdyn = − 26 ± 6%; Ova group: Δ Rl = 425 ± 76%; Δ Cdyn = − 47 ± 8%). The levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) collected after CS inhalation challenge were also significantly greater in Ova-sensitized animals than in control animals. Furthermore, pretreatment with SR-48968, a selective antagonist of neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor, inhibited more than 85% of the enhanced bronchomotor responses to CS challenge, but did not significantly reduce the airway hyperresponsiveness to ACh in Ova-sensitized guinea pigs. These results show that Ova sensitization induces airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled CS, and that the endogenous tachykinins evoked by CS-induced activation of lung C fibers play a primary role in this augmented response. Wu Z-X, Zhou D, Chen G, Lee L-Y. Airway hyperresponsiveness to cigarette smoke in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs.
Abstract 1914: Cross-talk between breast cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages leads to tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Yun Ping Luo, Debbie Liao, Tsung-Hsien Chuang, Rong Xiang, Ralph A. Reisfeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Interactions between neoplastic and stromal cells leads to crosstalk that contributes to tumor growth and progression. Since Fos-related antigen-1 (Fra-1) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) are involved in tumor cell angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and are frequently deregulated in cancer cells, they represent attractive targets to regulate these effects. Here, we demonstrate that up-regulation of Fra-1 by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) represents a malignant switch in breast carcinoma triggered by the deregulation of the IL-6/JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway which, in turn, increases the release of pro-angiogenesis factors MMP9, VEGF and TGF-β. Co-culture of 4T1 breast cancer cells with TAMs leads to up-regulation of Fra-1, IL-6 and Stat3 in TAMs. Furthermore, knockdown of Fra-1 in TAMs causes downregulation of IL-6, Stat3 and decreases the release of MMP9, VEGF and TGF-β. Together, these effects suppress the malignant characteristics of 4T1 breast tumor cells such as invasiveness, angiogenesis and metastasis. This study delineates novel mechanisms involved in the transcriptional deregulation of Fra-1 that lead to the activation of the IL-6/JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway in TAMs. Such events play a key role in promoting breast cancer cell invasion, growth and metastasis and our findings will determine if AP-1 family transcription factors such as Fra-1 are responsible for the overexpression of IL-6 in TAMs. Importantly, blocking of the IL-6/JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway will interrupt the crosstalk between TAMs and breast tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and thereby change the biological function of TAMs, resulting in the suppression of breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1914.
THE OCCURRENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF B. WELCHII IN CERTAIN WOUNDS
Authors: JAMES L. STODDARD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It is well known that<i>B. welchii</i>is usually very common in early wounds. Studies by Fleming<sup>1</sup>in 1914-1915 showed its presence in 81 per cent. of 127 wounds from one to seven days old; in 34 per cent. of fifty-six wounds of from eight to twenty days, and in 18.5 per cent. of wounds more than twenty days old. Goadby<sup>2</sup>presents figures for the occurrence of anaerobes in wounds, but none for the incidence of<i>B. welchii</i>in particular. He found a markedly less percentage of saccharolytic and ensporing anaerobes in excised than in nonexcised wounds. Plisson<sup>3</sup>found harmless persistence of<i>B. welchii</i>until the tenth day in twenty-two of 186 cases, and in three beyond the fifteenth day. Taylor<sup>4</sup>proved the presence of gas-forming bacilli on sequestrums in 14 per cent. of a series of wounds with sequestrums aged from forty-five to 300 days.
Abstract LB-187: Dietary energy balance modulation of Kras- and Ink4a/Arf+/-driven pancreatic cancer: the role of insulin-like growth factor-1.
Authors: Laura M. Lashinger, Lauren M. Harrison, Audrey J. Rasmussen, Craig D. Logsdon, Susan M. Fischer, Mark J. McArthur, Stephen D. Hursting
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract New molecular targets and intervention strategies for breaking the obesity-pancreatic cancer link are urgently needed. Using relevant murine spontaneous and orthotopically transplanted models of pancreatic cancer, we tested the hypothesis that dietary energy balance modulation impacts pancreatic cancer development and progression through an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1—dependent mechanism. In LSL-KrasG12D/Pdx-1-Cre/Ink4a/Arflox/+ mice, calorie restriction, versus overweight- or obesity-inducing diet regimens, decreased serum IGF-1, tumoral Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, pancreatic desmoplasia, and progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); and increased pancreatic tumor-free survival by 50%. Serum IGF-1, Akt/mTOR signaling, and orthotopically transplanted PDAC growth were decreased in liver-specific IGF-1—deficient mice (versus wild-type mice), and rescued with IGF-1 infusion. Thus, dietary energy balance modulation impacts spontaneous pancreatic tumorigenesis induced by mutant Kras and Ink4a/Arf deficiency, the most common genetic alterations in human pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, IGF-1 and components of its downstream signaling pathway are promising mechanistic targets for breaking the obesity-pancreatic cancer link. Citation Format: Laura M. Lashinger, Lauren M. Harrison, Audrey J. Rasmussen, Craig D. Logsdon, Susan M. Fischer, Mark J. McArthur, Stephen D. Hursting. Dietary energy balance modulation of Kras- and Ink4a/Arf+/-driven pancreatic cancer: the role of insulin-like growth factor-1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-187. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-187
Positive Psychological Impact of Treating Victims of Politically Motivated Violence among Hospital-Based Health Care Providers
Authors: Shimon Shiri, Isaiah D. Wexler, Yasmin Alkalay, Zeev Meiner, Shulamith Kreitler
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Health care personnel treating victims of politically motivated violence are at risk for traumatic stress symptoms. Few studies have assessed the positive psychological impact of politically motivated violence on health care workers. In this study, the level of positive psychological impact among health care workers with recurrent exposure to victims of politically motivated violence was examined. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A validated questionnaire survey of health care personnel treating victims of politically motivated violence during 2000–2005 in two hospital settings was conducted. Positive psychological impact was assessed by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and traumatic stress symptoms were assessed using the Revised Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Inventory. Subjects included physicians (surgeons and anesthesiologists), nurses, and psychotherapists. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The rate of response to the mail-in questionnaires was 68.3% (n = 138). The sample consisted of 70 physicians, 37 nurses, and 31 hospital-based psychotherapists. Positive psychological impact was noted for the entire sample and among all professions. Traumatic stress symptoms predicted positive psychological impact for the entire sample and for each profession, and there was a curvilinear relationship between traumatic stress symptoms and positive psychological impact. Women experienced greater levels of positive psychological impact. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Hospital-based health care providers treating victims of politically motivated violence experience both positive and negative psychological impact. Individuals who are more traumatized by their experience are more likely to also have a positive psychological impact.
Clinical manifestations of gallstone disease: Evidence from the multicenter Italian study on cholelithiasis (MICOL)
Authors: Davide Festi, Sandra Sottili, Antonio Colecchia, Adolfo Attili, Giuseppe Mazzella, Enrico Roda, Ferdinando Romano
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Despite the many efforts to delineate the clinical manifestations of gallbladder disease, the precise symptom complex associated with gallstones is still a matter of debate, and even the existence of gallstone-specific symptoms has been questioned. We carried out a large population-based cross-sectional study (MICOL) to identify symptoms significantly related to gallstones. Fourteen centers throughout Italy enrolled 29,504 subjects aged 30 to 69 years. All subjects were administered an ultrasonographic examination of the upper abdomen and a precoded questionnaire. All subjects were divided into 4 groups: 25,374 (86.0%) gallstone-free subjects (GF), 1,832 (6.2%) patients with gallstones not previously diagnosed (GNPD), 638 (2.2%) patients with gallstones previously diagnosed (GPD), 1,660 (5.6%) patients with a history of cholecystectomy for gallstones (CC). In logistic regression analysis, pain at epigastrium and, even more, pain at right hypocondrium were significantly associated with gallstones. For pain at right hypocondrium, this association progressively increased from GNPD (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 0.97-2.65) to GPD (OR = 8.77, 95% CI = 5.27-14.61) to CC (OR = 59.40, 95% CI = 43.87-80.42). Absence of heartburn combined with right hypocondrium or epigastrium pain and intolerance to fried or fatty food were also significantly related to gallstones. We also found some pain characteristics significantly associated with gallstones, i.e., pain radiated to the right shoulder, forcing the patient to rest, occurring soon after meals or unrelated to meals, not relieved by bowel movements, and frequently accompanied by gallstone-related morbidities. We developed a probability tree reporting the cumulative probability of having gallstones for each combination of those symptoms and characteristics of pain significantly associated with gallstones. In conclusion, we have identified symptoms and signs significantly associated with gallstones. We have shown that there is an increase in frequency and severity of these symptoms and signs across the different stages of gallstone disease. We have proposed a complex of symptoms and signs significantly associated with gallstones that might help physicians in clinical decision making.
Imaging of pulmonary disease in scleroderma with J001X scintigraphy.
Authors: P Diot, E Diot, E Lemarie, J L Guilmot, J L Baulieu, E Asquier, C Valat, A Delarue, A Le Pape
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--J001X is an acylated poly-galactoside isolated from the membrane of Klebsiella and able to interact with macrophages, mainly in their activated state. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of 99m-labelled technetium (99mTc)-J001X scintigraphy to image pulmonary disease, defined by high resolution computed tomographic scanning and pulmonary function tests, in patients suffering from scleroderma. METHODS--Patients were considered to have pulmonary disease when they had at least two positive signs on high resolution computed tomography, or a decrease in lung volume and single breath carbon monoxide transfer, or both, with no disease process other than scleroderma in their medical history. Positive J001X scintigraphic imaging was defined by symmetrical bilateral pulmonary fixation three and five hours after inhalation of 99mTc-J001X. J001X scintigraphic results were compared with disease activity as indicated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lymphocytosis. RESULTS--Seventeen patients were studied, in 12 of whom J001X scintigraphy was positive. There was no correlation between BAL lymphocytosis and J001X scintigraphic findings, nor between BAL and pulmonary scleroderma. This was not surprising because of the high specificity of macrophage targeting by J001X. CONCLUSIONS--Follow up of a larger population over a longer period is needed to establish whether there is a prognostic value for positive J001X scintigraphic findings in scleroderma.
An instrument for assessment of videotapes of general practitioners' performance.
Authors: J Cox, H Mulholland
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To identify those important characteristics of doctors' and patients' behaviour that distinguish between "good" and "bad" consultations when viewed on videotape; to use these characteristics to develop a reliable instrument for assessing general practitioners' performance in their own consultations.Questionnaires completed by patients, general practitioner trainers, and general practitioner trainees. Reliability of draft instrument tested by general practitioner trainers.All vocational training schemes for general practice in the Northern region of England.First stage: 76 patients in seven groups, 108 general practice trainers in 12 groups, and 122 general practice trainees in 10 groups. Second stage: 85 general practice trainers in 12 groups.Trainers' ratings of importance; alpha coefficients of draft instrument by trainee, group, and consultation.6890 characteristics of good and bad consultations were consolidated into a draft assessment instrument consisting of 46 pairs of definitions separated by six point bipolar scales. Nine statement pairs given low importance ratings by trainers were eliminated, reducing the instrument to 37 statement pairs. To test reliability, general practitioner trainers used the instrument to assess three consultations. With the exception of one group of trainers, all alpha coefficients exceeded the acceptable level of 0.80.The instrument produced is reliable for assessing general practitioners' performance in their own consultations.
Computed Tomography-Guided Interstitial High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy in the Local Treatment of Primary and Secondary Intrathoracic Malignancies
Authors: Nikolaos Tselis, Konstantinos Ferentinos, Christos Kolotas, Joachim Schirren, Dimos Baltas, Angela Antonakakis, Hanns Ackermann, Nikolaos Zamboglou
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION BY MEASURING LONGITUDINAL PEAK SYSTOLIC STRAIN IN THE SUBCOSTAL VIEW IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Authors: Marlieke L. Haeck, Roderick W. Scherptong, Victoria Delgado, M. Louisa Antoni, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Hubert W. Vliegen, Eduard R. Holman, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Tubal Infertility: An Ounce of (More Specific) Prevention
Authors: Willard Cates
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Infertility affects a relatively large number of married American couples of reproductive age.<sup>1,2</sup>In 1982, more than one in eight couples had failed to conceive after at least one year of marriage during which no contraceptives were used. That same year, nearly one in five American women between the ages of 15 and 44 years stated that they had sought professional consultation during their lifetime to increase their chances of having a baby.<sup>3</sup>Thus, by 1984, an estimated 10 million women of reproductive age had consulted physicians sometime in their lives about their infertility, approximately 1.7 million in that year alone.<sup>4</sup>