tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gone to the devil: the murals of Ile Royale hospital
Authors: A J Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Off the coast of French Guiana lie three small islands, one of which became famous a century ago when Alfred Dreyfus was incarcerated there: Devil's Island has become synonymous with penal servitude. The name encompassed the whole penal colony of Le Bagne, and to be “sent to the devil” or “go to the devil” has become an everyday phrase.

On the largest island, Ile Royale, are the official residences and the prison hospital, now deserted, though access through the window arch is not difficult. On the ground floor, in what could have been a small …
Children of the Atomic Bomb: An American Physician's Memoir of Nagasaki, Hiroshima, and the Marshall Islands
Authors: D. Nolan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

James N Yamazaki with Louis B Fleming Duke University Press, £15.95, pp 200 ISBN 0 8233 1658 7

On 6 and 9 August 1945 two atomic bombs vaporised 200000 Japanese civilians. James Yamazaki's book vividly portrays the after effects of the world's most horrific weapons. Fifty years on, cancers and genetic disorders are still claiming victims of the first bombs.

The image of a mushroom cloud rising over Hiroshima is probably the most graphic symbol of the postwar period. Unfortunately, that image often hides the human effects of the two bombs and the 2200 or so nuclear tests since. Yamazaki's memoirs include an account of a harrowing meeting with the mothers of pica babies, or children born with severe abnormalities after exposure to radiation in the womb. Ten per …
Methyl prednisolone pulse therapy in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: D A Isenberg, W J Morrow, M L Snaith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Twenty patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were treated with methyl prednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT) and followed up for up to 24 weeks (mean 18 weeks). Beneficial effects of MPPT were observed principally on arthralgia, pleuritic pain, vasculitic skin rash, pyrexia, and lymphadenopathy. The serological tests showing the most improvement were ds DNA binding and the serum C3 level. MPPT was found to be both safe and easy to administer. It may be of value in treating patients with SLE whose disease is not controlled by moderate doses of corticosteroids and may also enable the dose of maintenance corticosteroids to be reduced appreciably.
Genetic variation in caspase genes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a pooled analysis of 3 population-based case-control studies
Authors: Qing Lan, Lindsay M. Morton, Bruce Armstrong, Patricia Hartge, Idan Menashe, Tongzhang Zheng, Mark P. Purdue, James R. Cerhan, Yawei Zhang, Andrew Grulich, Wendy Cozen, Meredith Yeager, Theodore R. Holford, Claire M. Vajdic, Scott Davis, Brian Leaderer, Anne Kricker, Maryjean Schenk, Shelia H. Zahm, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Sophia S. Wang
Journal: Blood (2009)
Total circulatory capacity in the rat. Effects of epinephrine and vasopressin on compliance and unstressed volume.
Authors: N C Trippodo
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

In thoracic-spinal-cord-transected rats, mean circulatory pressure (Pmc) was measured during brief circulatory arrest by inflating an indwelling balloon in the right atrium and total blood volume (VB) was measured with 51Cr. The Pmc-VB relationship was determined over the range +/- 30% VB by rapid blood infusion or withdrawal. An infusion of 1.5 microgram/kg per min of epinephrine for 20-40 minutes caused the total circulatory compliance (Ctc) to decrease 18%, the extrapolated unstressed circulatory volume (V'o) and VB to decrease 8.6 and 7.3 ml/kg, respectively, and PMC to increase 41% (2.6 mm Hg). Total circulatory capacity (circulatory volume at a PMC of 8 mm Hg) was decreased 13.7 ml/kg by epinephrine at the above infusion rate. When vasopressin (20 ng/kg per min) and epinephrine (0.3 microgram/kg per min) were infused together for 20-40 minutes, compared to a 0.3 microgram/kg per min infusion of epinephrine alone, the net effect of vasopressin was a 4.8 ml per kg decrease in VB and a 5.9 ml/kg decrease in total circulatory capacity, with insignificant decreases in CTC and V'o. The results indicate that in rats both epinephrine and vasopressin act to decrease blood volume via transcapillary fluid shifts, and that vasopressin has a relatively small overall venoconstricting action.
Topical treatment with CYP26 inhibitor talarozole (R115866) dose dependently alters the expression of retinoid-regulated genes in normal human epidermis
Authors: E. Pavez Loriè, M. Cools, M. Borgers, L. Wouters, B. Shroot, E. Hagforsen, H. Törmä, A. Vahlquist
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Topical treatment with CYP26 inhibitor talarozole (R115866) dose dependently alters the expression of retinoid‐regulated genes in normal human epidermis Get access E. Pavez Loriè, E. Pavez Loriè Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Cools, M. Cools Research and Development Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Borgers, M. Borgers Research and DevelopmentBiostatistics, Barrier Therapeutics nv, Cipalstraat 3, 2440 Geel, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Wouters, L. Wouters Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Shroot, B. Shroot Barrier Therapeutics, Princeton, NJ 08540‐6697, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Hagforsen, E. Hagforsen Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Törmä, H. Törmä Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Vahlquist A. Vahlquist Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology, Uppsala University, SE‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden Correspondence: Anders Vahlquist. E‐mail: anders.vahlquist@medsci.uu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 1, 1 January 2009, Pages 26–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08895.x Published: 01 January 2009
Clinical Pulmonary Physiology
Authors: Edward A. Gaensler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE most significant progress in the field of pulmonary physiology has been a reawakened interest in clinical application. The ever-increasing attention devoted to evaluation of pulmonary function in man has been prompted by the great advances in specific medical therapy and safer, more effective surgical treatment of pulmonary disease. The growing complexities of anesthesia have called for more objective evaluation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and the expanding field of cardiac surgery not only has stimulated clinical investigation of cardiovascular function but also has called for a better definition of the extent of pulmonary, as opposed to cardiac, damage. . . .
Non-invasive measurement of local intratendinous strain using dynamic ultrasound an ex vivo validation experiment in a porcine patellar tendon
Authors: L. Geukens, S. Fukagawa, L. Scheys, L. Labey, P. Suetens, J. Bellemans, K. Peers
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Eccentric exercises have proven to be an effective management option and prevention strategy in tendon overuse injuries (a challenging sport pathology). However, till date, these exercise protocols are undifferentiated and certainly don9t take subregional stress and strain differences, which have frequently been mentioned as important etiological factors, in account. Knowledge on these biomechanical parameters, obtained by in vivo experiments, could optimise the exercise protocols. <h3>Objective</h3> The present experiment evaluates the feasibility of automatic, intensity-based, spatio-temporal elastic registration for non-invasive local strain measurement by speckle tracking on dynamic ultrasound movies. <h3>Methods</h3> An isolated porcine patellar tendon (tendon length of 60 mm) with bone parts at each side was placed in a loading frame with an ultrasound transducer orientated along the long axis of the tendon. Ultrasound recordings were made while the tendon was cyclically loaded at two different velocities (1 mm/s and 2 mm/s) and three different displacements (1.5 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm). Afterwards a precalibrated strain-gauge extensometer was inserted in the central 2.5 cm of the tendon and the same loading scheme was applied while recording ultrasound movies. The movies were processed, based on non-rigid elastic registration and speckle tracking, and these results were compared with the extensometer data. <h3>Results</h3> Ultrasound strain values were comparable to extensometer strain data in four measurements (a- velocity 1.0 mm/s, displacement 1.5 mm: 0.8% strain difference; b- velocity 1.0 mm/s, displacement 3.0 mm: 0.6% strain difference; c- velocity 1.0 mm/s displacement 5.0 mm: 0.7% strain difference; d- velocity 2.0 mm/s, displacement 1.5 mm: strain difference 0.1%) resulting in a mean strain difference of 0.55%. The measurements at velocity 2 mm/s and 3.00 and 5.00 mm displacement were left out because of poor tracking in these recordings due to more out of plane movement. <h3>Conclusion</h3> It seems feasible to obtain comparable strain values between extensometer measurements and speckle tracking on non-invasive ultrasound recordings.
THE INDEX MEDICUS.
Authors: Geo. S. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The following notice fromMr. George S. Daviswill be received by the entire profession with great regret. No one, however, can criticiseMr. Davisfor declining any longer to make good the large discrepancy between the expenditures and the receipts. In our opinion theAssociationcan afford to print this work as soon as the subscription list of theJournalshall reach 12,000. With a subscription list of that number, including members of theAssociation, the increase of advertising would pay for the loss in the issue of the<i>Index Medicus</i>. It seems entirely clear that no private publisher will be willing to stand the loss, and as the work is universally conceded to be of the greatest utility to medical writers and teachers, it would seem eminently fitting that our greatAssociationshould carry it on. But with the depleted revenue that we must probably face this year,
Are GPs who specialise in dermatology effective?: Cost calculations were impenetrable
Authors: Simon F Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The nursing profession's coming of age The end of medicine as a professionEditor-Young describes the coming of age of the nursing profession. 1 All professions and occupations are human creations and therefore are subject to change.With the widening of roles of many professions, it becomes harder to define what a doctor can do that can't be done by an appropriately trained member of another profession.Perhaps major surgery and certifying cause of death are all that remains.With the increasing difficulty of getting junior doctors to do anything that may be regarded as work (rather than education) we doctors may be engineering the abolition of our profession, and we may move from distinct professions to practitioners from varied backgrounds being trained for a particular function.
Racial Differences in the Use of &lt;EMPH&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/EMPH&gt; Testing Among Women With a Family History of Breast or Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katrina Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Given the current context of racial disparities in health and health care and the historical context of eugenics, racial disparities in the use of genetic susceptibility testing have been widely anticipated. However, to our knowledge there are no published studies examining the magnitude and determinants of racial differences in the use of genetic susceptibility testing.
Abstract 703: Caffeine modulates the cell cycle in cancer cells to enhance cisplatin efficacy.
Authors: Shinji Miwa, Shuya Yano, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Yasunori Tome, Fuminori Uehara, Sumiyuki Mii, Hiroaki Kimura, Katsuro Hayashi, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Michelle Digman, Enrico Gratton, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Caffeine has been shown to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, but the mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we investigated cell-cycle modulation induced by caffeine in combination with cisplatinum treatment of human cancer cells. Proliferation inhibition was determined with a clonogenic assay. Mitotic and apoptotic changes were observed by imaging of 143B dual-color cells, in which GFP is expressed in the nucleus and RFP in the cytoplasm. Modulation of the cell-cycle in combination with cisplatinum was observed using time-lapse imaging analyses of HeLa cells expressing a fluorescent cell-cycle indicator, FUCCI (Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator). The clonogenic assay showed that caffeine increased the efficacy of cisplatin on inhibition of cell proliferation. Dual-color imaging demonstrated that cisplatin decreased mitosis and induced apoptosis in 143B cells. The combination of cisplatin and caffeine reduced the decrease of mitosis and increased apoptosis. Time-lapse FUCCI imaging showed that cisplatin strongly induced cell-cycle arrest at the S/G2/M phases in HeLa cells. Caffeine released the cell-cycle arrest induced by cisplatin, resulting in increased cell-killing efficacy. These data indicates that caffeine can effectively modulates the cell-cycle in cancer cells treated with cisplatin and possibly other drugs. Citation Format: Shinji Miwa, Shuya Yano, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Yasunori Tome, Fuminori Uehara, Sumiyuki Mii, Hiroaki Kimura, Katsuro Hayashi, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Michelle Digman, Enrico Gratton, Robert M. Hoffman. Caffeine modulates the cell cycle in cancer cells to enhance cisplatin efficacy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 703. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-703
Air Pollution and Acute Respiratory Response in a Panel of Asthmatic Children along the U.S.–Mexico Border
Authors: Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat, Amit U. Raysoni, Wen-Whai Li, Fernando Holguin, Brent A. Johnson, Silvia Flores Luevano, Jose Humberto Garcia, Jeremy A. Sarnat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Concerns regarding the health impact of urban air pollution on asthmatic children are pronounced along the U.S.–Mexico border because of rapid population growth near busy border highways and roads.Objectives: We conducted the first binational study of the impacts of air pollution on asthmatic children in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, USA, and compared different exposure metrics to assess acute respiratory response.Methods: We recruited 58 asthmatic children from two schools in Ciudad Juarez and two schools in El Paso. A marker of airway inflammation [exhaled nitric oxide (eNO)], respiratory symptom surveys, and pollutant measurements (indoor and outdoor 48-hr size-fractionated particulate matter, 48-hr black carbon, and 96-hr nitrogen dioxide) were collected at each school for 16 weeks. We examined associations between the pollutants and respiratory response using generalized linear mixed models.Results: We observed small but consistent associations between eNO and numerous pollutant metrics, with estimated increases in eNO ranging from 1% to 3% per interquartile range increase in pollutant concentrations. Effect estimates from models using school-based concentrations were generally stronger than corresponding estimates based on concentrations from ambient air monitors. Both traffic-related and non–traffic-related particles were typically more robust predictors of eNO than was nitrogen dioxide, for which associations were highly sensitive to model specification. Associations differed significantly across the four school-based cohorts, consistent with heterogeneity in pollutant concentrations and cohort characteristics. Models examining respiratory symptoms were consistent with the null.Conclusions: The results indicate adverse effects of air pollution on the subclinical respiratory health of asthmatic children in this region and provide preliminary support for the use of air pollution monitors close to schools to track exposure and potential health risk in this population.
Cerebellar Ectopia Presenting in Adult Life
Authors: J. Smith, A. Ridley
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Three cases of cerebellar ectopia first producing symptoms in adult life are reported. This potentially remediable anomaly may not be suspected in adults, in whom associated congenital bony abnormalities of the skull and cervical spine are often absent. In these cases diagnosis depends on radiological contrast studies; in particular it is important to examine the cervical canal in the prone and supine positions.
Genetic evidence of PTPN22 effects on chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Scott J. Hebbring, Susan L. Slager, Narendranath Epperla, Joseph J. Mazza, Zhan Ye, Zhiyi Zhou, Sara J. Achenbach, Daniel A. Vasco, Timothy G. Call, Kari G. Rabe, Neil E. Kay, Neil E. Caporaso, Mark C. Lanasa, Nicola J. Camp, Sara S. Strom, Lynn R. Goldin, James R. Cerhan, Murray H. Brilliant, Steven J. Schrodi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Liberation on the night shift
Authors: D. E. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Iam a general practitioner. This time last year I felt crushed and bitter with on call commitments. I bored anyone who would listen--and many who would not--with the fact that for the foreseeable future I was doomed to duty from 6 pm until 9 am every fifth evening and night of my working life and for every fourth weekend I would have to work a 48 hour continuous shift. This meant 78 nights each year when deep sleep could elude me because of the loaded bleep pointed at my head. But things have changed and I quite enjoy my night work now.

What happened? About 30 local general practitioners have formed a cooperative for emergency duty, covering midnight to 7 am. I now work one overnight shift each month when …
Levels of endothelial cell stimulating angiogenesis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor are elevated in psoriasis
Authors: M. Bhushan, B. McLaughlin, J.B. Weiss, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Neovascularization appears to play an early and important part in the evolution of psoriatic plaques. We studied the distribution and production of two known angiogenesis factors, endothelial cell stimulating angiogenesis factor (ESAF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the skin of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and normal control subjects. Our results showed that tissue levels of ESAF and VEGF were significantly elevated in involved as compared with normal control skin (P = 0.006 and P < 0. 0001, respectively). Tissue levels of ESAF and VEGF were also raised in involved skin as compared with uninvolved skin in patients with psoriasis (P = 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Tissue levels of ESAF and VEGF in plaques of psoriasis correlated closely with the clinical severity of psoriasis (r = 0.6 and r = 0.9, respectively). Serum levels of ESAF and VEGF were significantly raised in patients with psoriasis as compared with control subjects (P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). In vitro culture studies revealed that ESAF is produced by both keratinocytes and fibroblasts in approximately equal quantities in normal skin, whereas VEGF is secreted predominately by keratinocytes. A similar pattern is seen in both involved and uninvolved skin of patients with psoriasis. However, there is increased secretion of both factors in keratinocytes and fibroblasts from involved and uninvolved skin as compared with normal control skin (P < 0.001). The increased levels and secretion in plaques of psoriasis of two molecules, ESAF and VEGF, known to promote new blood vessel formation, suggest a pathogenetic role for them in this disease.
The Mineral Content of Normal Human Bone1
Authors: James W. Agna, Harvey C. Knowles, Gabriele Alverson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

Evidence has been forthcoming from animal experimentation that the skeleton may gain or lose electrolytes under conditions of abnormal electro- lyte metabolism (1).A complete evaluation of the significance of these findings in man depends upon knowledge of the composition of normal hu- man bone.However, information regarding hu- man bone is sparse.In 1894, Gabriel, in a very detailed study of animal bone, included two repre- sentative samples from an unstated number of specimens of humerus of man (2).Klement, in 1936, also conducted a comprehensive investigation of mineral content, but his material was limited to three samples of skull, and two each of pelvis and femur (3).In recent years, further reports of human bone composition have appeared (4-12).However, these latter observations have not been wholly satisfactory, in that the number of samples analyzed were few and the determinations were limited to two or three minerals.Furthermore, a majority of the subjects in these reports from whom bone specimens were obtained either died with disease, or specific statements concerning the condition of the subjects prior to death were not given.The largest study currently reported is that given in abstract form by Pellegrino and Farber (13).These workers analyzed tibial bone of 15 normal subjects for Ca, P, Na and K.The present study is concerned with the compo- sition of bone obtained at autopsy from 16 normal adults who died suddenly.A comparative analysis of skull, rib and ilium, for water, calcium, phosphorus, carbonate, nitrogen, chloride, potassium and sodium is given.
Lactic acid bacteria secrete metabolites retaining anti-inflammatory properties after intestinal transport
Authors: S Menard
Journal: Gut (2004)

Probiotic bacteria have a beneficial effect on intestinal inflammation. In this study, we have examined the effect of lactic acid and commensal Gram positive (+) bacteria conditioned media (CM) on tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release and the mechanisms involved.Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TNF-alpha secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells or the THP-1 cell line was monitored in the presence or absence of bacteria CM obtained from two probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium breve (Bb) and Streptococcus thermophilus (St), and three commensal bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Ruminococcus gnavus, and unidentified Streptococcus). Bb and St bacteria CM were allowed to cross filter grown intestinal epithelial cell monolayers (HT29-19A) to assess intestinal transport of active bacterial products. These products were characterised and their effect on LPS binding to THP-1 cells and nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) activation assessed.Dose dependent inhibition of LPS induced TNF-alpha secretion was noted for both probiotic bacteria CM (64% and 71% inhibition for Bb and St, respectively) and to a lesser extent commensal bacteria CM (21-32% inhibition). Active products from Bb and St were resistant to digestive enzymes and had a molecular mass <3000 Da. Their inhibitory effect was preserved after transepithelial transport across intestinal cell monolayers, mainly in inflammatory conditions. LPS-FITC binding to THP-1 cells and NF kappa B activation were significantly inhibited by Bb and St CM.B breve and S thermophilus release metabolites exerting an anti-TNF-alpha effect capable of crossing the intestinal barrier. Commensal bacteria also display a TNF-alpha inhibitory capacity but to a lesser extent. These results underline the beneficial effect of commensal bacteria in intestinal homeostasis and may explain the role of some probiotic bacteria in alleviating digestive inflammation.