tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HLA-DR/DQ antigens and reactivity to B cell alloantigen D8/17 in Indian patients with rheumatic heart disease.
Authors: V Taneja, N K Mehra, K S Reddy, J Narula, R Tandon, M C Vaidya, M L Bhatia
Journal: Circulation (1989)

D8/17, a B cell alloantigen, and its occurrence with DR/DQ antigens was examined in 54 patients with rheumatic heart disease and matched North Indian controls. Thirty-four patients (62.9%) carried D8/17 as compared with a frequency of 12.5% in controls (chi 2 by Yates', 18.75; p less than 0.0001). A marginally increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3 (44.2% vs. 28.8%) and a significantly reduced frequency of HLA-DR2 (21.1% vs. 46.6%; p less than 0.005) was observed in patients as compared with controls. However, the most significant positive association was observed with HLA-DQw2 (63.4% in patients and 31.5% in controls; chi 2 by Yates', 9.85; p less than 0.005). The DQw2 association was significant only in the D8/17-positive patients. These observations suggest that the disease susceptibility gene in rheumatic heart disease may be nearer to the HLA-DQ locus than to the HLA-DR.
Cultivation of Fungi in Synthetic and Semi‐Synthetic Liquid Medium
Authors: S. van der Heide, H. F. Kauffman, K. de Vries
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Four allergologically important fungi, viz. Aspergillus Fumigatus, Penicillium notatum, Alternaria alternata, and Cladosporium herbarum were cultured in a liquid synthetic medium, with or without addition of 0.1 % yeast extract (YE). After 10 and 28 days of cultivation, immunochemical properties of the fungal extracts, characterised by precipitation pattern and IgG– and IgE‐binding capacity, were studied. In pure synthetic medium no large differences were observed in number of precipitates, as measured by DID, among the four antigenic fractions of each fungus (metabolic and mycelial antigens of both early and late phase cultures). Addition of YE to the growth medium hardly changed the number of precipitates and generally caused a decrease in IgG‐binding capacity of the extracts. In contrast to these observations were the findings with the IgE–binding capacities of the fungal extracts as measured by RAST. Most allergenic fractions demonstrated an increase (sometimes strong) in IgE–binding capacity after YE was added to the growth medium. It is concluded that the time of cultivation influences the immunochemical characteristics of fungal extracts and that mycelial as well as metabolic antigens of both early and late phase cultures should be used in order to obtain a wide spectrum of allergens in extracts used for diagnostic purposes.
The Revolutionary Physician — Change Agent or Social Theorist
Authors: John J. McNamara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Physicians seeking alternative professional "life styles," training experiences and social patterns are now active in patient care. The Pediatric Collective, a group of health workers, primarily physicians, at Lincoln Hospital in the Bronx are working toward these goals. Collective action is a basic tactic. However, authoritative collective decision making in a nonauthoritarian context presents difficulties. Community control of health services is a basic tenet. Nevertheless, the concept of community disregards obvious facets of urban life, and the concept of control disregards problems of technology. The goals of the revolutionary physician represent a definite challenge to traditional forms of medical training and evolving patterns of medical care.
Abstract 4408: Targeting cancer stem cells as potential new therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: John P. Cleary, Divya Raman, Rubio R. Punzalan, Michael Vr Sharma, Cristian Vr Sharma, Sherven P. Sharma, Jitesh Jani, Bhuvnesh Sharma, Satya Narayan, Jay P. Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in the US, despite significant improvements in diagnostic imaging and operative modalities. The 5-year survival rate remains less than 6% because of microscopic or gross metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Although the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains a huge challenge, it is entering a new era with the development of new strategies and trial designs. Because there is an increasing number of novel therapeutic agents and potential combinations available to test in patients with pancreatic cancer, the identification of robust prognostic and predictive markers and of new targets and relevant pathways is a top priority as well as the design of adequate trials incorporating molecular-driven hypothesis. Over the past decade, increasing evidence suggested that stem cells play a crucial role not only in the generation of complex multicellular organisms, but also in the development and progression of malignant diseases. Most tumors have been shown to contain a subset of distinct cancer cells that is responsible for tumor initiation and propagation. These cells are termed cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells and they are highly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we examined the efficacy of combined treatments of CEP1101 and gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells, and pancreatic CSCs (CD133, CD44, CXCR4, SSEA3/4, Oct4, ALDH, Telomerase &amp; Nestin) from the same donors. CEP1101 inhibited the growth of CSCs, while gemcitabine suppressed the viability of non-CSCs. In vivo studies showed that CEP1101 combined with gemcitabine eliminate the engraftment of human pancreatic cancer and CSCs, more effectively than the individual agents. These data demonstrate that administration of CEP1101, which targets CSCs, may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of gemcitabine to eradicate pancreatic cancer. This study shows potential molecular therapeutic targets to eradicate the tumor - and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies for the evaluation of new effective combination therapies against locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4408. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4408
Localization of Radionuclide Bone Agent in a Perigastric Leiomyomatous Tumor
Authors: WILLIAM SMALL, WILLIAM A. FAJMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

During a routine physical examination, a 66-year-old man was discovered to have a large left upper quadrant mass. Subsequent evaluation, which included an upper gastrointestinal series as well as CT scan, demonstrated a large, partially necrotic, noncalcified gastric mass. A percutaneous biopsy revealed the lesion to be a leiomyomatous tumor. A bone scan showed relatively intense uniform localization of the radiopharmaceutical in this lesion.
Are solar keratoses more common on the driver's side?
Authors: P Foley, D Lanzer, R Marks
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Analyse de 766 cas de keratose solaire, notamment au niveau de la tete, du cou, des avant-bras. Chez les hommes le cote droit est le plus souvent atteint (en Australie ce sont presque toujours les hommes qui conduisent les voitures, la partie droite est exposee a la lumiere). Precautions suggerees, car la keratose solaire est un indice de la predisposition d'un sujet au cancer de la peau
Accelerated evolution of sites undergoing mRNA editing in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts
Authors: D. C. Shields, K. H. Wolfe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The selective constraints influencing mRNA editing in plant organelles are largely unknown. To investigate these, we compared patterns of editing between monocot and dicot mitochondrial mRNA. On average, 24% of sites that are edited form C to U in one species have been substituted during evolution by a genomic T in the other: this is four times the rate of evolution seen at nonedited synonymously variable C residues. A similar, but weaker trend (not statistically significant) is seen at sites edited in chloroplast mRNA. The elevated substitution rate does not appear to be a consequence of a higher mutability of the trinucleotide motif (T-C-purine) associated with editing. nor to be a result of reverse transcription from mature mRNA. Selection to replace the genomic C with a T may account for the accelerated evolution, either due to elimination of inefficient transcripts and protein products or as a consequence of the prior loss of components outside the edit site which are necessary for editing; the latter hypothesis is supported by the frequent loss of editing without genomic mutation at third codon positions. Whatever the cause, the rapid rate of evolution indicates that editing confers little selective advantage at most sites.
Abstract 2091: Nitrooleic acids induce localization of heat shock protein 70 in PAM212 keratinocyte caveolae
Authors: Ruijin Zheng, Adrienne T. Black, Diane E. Heck, Debra L. Laskin, Jeffrey D. Laskin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Keratinocytes can be stimulated to express inducible nitric oxide synthase and generate nitric oxide by proinflammatory mediators including γ-interferon and lipopolysaccharide. Once formed, nitric oxide and its oxidation products form signaling molecules via redox mediated nitration reactions. Important targets for nitration in mammalian cells are unsaturated fatty acids. This can result in the production of reactive electrophilic species including 9-nitrooleate (9-NO) and 10-nitrooleate (10-NO). Oxidative stress is known to upregulate expression of heat shock proteins which are important chaperones functioning in protein-protein interactions including folding and trafficking. In the present studies we characterized nitro-fatty acid-induced expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) in PAM212 mouse keratinocytes. Western blot analysis showed low constitutive levels of hsp70. Treatment of keratinocytes with 5-25 μM 9-NO or 10-NO for 6 hr markedly increased hsp70 expression. 10-NO was more active than 9-NO. Constitutive hsp70 was found to be localized in cytosolic fractions of keratinocytes, 9- or 10-NO did not alter constitutive cytosolic hsp70. In contrast, following treatment of keratinocytes with the nitro-fatty acids, hsp70 was selectively upregulated in lipid raft membrane fractions. Both hsp70 and caveolin-1 were co-localized in the lipid raft fractions of the membranes demonstrating that the lipid rafts are caveolae. In mouse keratinocytes, nitro-fatty acids readily stimulate MAP kinase signaling including JNK and p38 MAP kinases. Inhibitors of JNK (SP600125, 20 μM) or p38 (SB203580, 10 μM) had no effect on induction of hsp70 or its localization in caveolae indicating that nitro-fatty acid-induced expression of this protein was MAP kinase-independent. Taken together these data demonstrate that nitro-fatty acids are important in the control of heat shock protein expression. Moreover, selective localization of hsp70 in caveolae suggests that it functions in protecting caveolar proteins from cellular stress. Supported by CA132624, ES004738, ES005022, GM034310 and AR055073. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2091. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2091
Brain surgeons avoid brain surgery because of insurance costs
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Neurosurgeons in the United States are facing annual insurance bills of up to $300 000 (£190 000; £306 000) a year.

Some surgeons are no longer performing high risk neurosurgical procedures in an attempt to lower their professional liability insurance costs, according to the results of a new survey. “Based on this survey data, it seems that brain surgeons are no longer performing brain surgery,” says Dr Stephen Papadopoulos, president of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.

The survey has been published in order to influence the debate currently going on in the US Congress over limiting awards that can be made to plaintiffs in malpractice suits. Last week the House of …
Pharmacotherapy for weight loss
Authors: C. F. Rueda-Clausen, R. S. Padwal
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A severely obese 28 year old woman (body mass index (BMI) 37.9) with type 2 diabetes, controlled hypertension, and sleep apnoea is seeking your advice about weight loss. She has lost 6 kg over the past year by reducing portion sizes, but her weight has recently plateaued. She does not want to consider bariatric surgery and asks instead about drug treatments.

Current treatment for obesity consists primarily of health behaviour modification (diet, exercise, and behavioural therapy) for all patients and bariatric surgery for a minority of selected severely obese people.1 Because health behaviour modification is unsuccessful in many patients, and the availability of bariatric surgery is limited, additional adjunctive, effective, and safe obesity treatments are needed.

To date, antiobesity drugs have not adequately filled this therapeutic void. The serotonergic agents fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine were withdrawn in 1997 because of associations with cardiac valvulopathy and pulmonary hypertension.2 After the withdrawals of rimonabant ( Acomplia ) in 2009 for depression and suicidal ideation, and sibutramine ( Meridia, Reductil ) in 2010 because of increased cardiovascular risk, orlistat became the only agent available for long term weight management.

In 2012, two new oral agents—phentermine and extended release (ER) topiramate ( Qsymia ) and lorcaserin ( Belviq )—were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as adjuvants to health behaviour modification in patients with a BMI of greater than 30 or greater than 27 if they also had an obesity related comorbidity, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, or type 2 diabetes. As discussed elsewhere, the European Medicines Agency did not approve either agent, citing toxicity concerns and a lack of morbidity and mortality data.3 Here, we provide a clinically focused summary to guide GPs in the use of these drugs.

### Orlistat

This inhibitor of gastric and pancreatic lipase prevents intestinal fat metabolism and absorption.4 Prescription orlistat ( Xenical ) has been …
Laboratory diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Prospective study of 85 patients.
Authors: C E Bayliss, R L Dawkins, G Cullity, R E Davis, J B Houliston
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Because early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is difficult increasingly important, we have assessed the value of laboratory investigation in 85 patients with knee effusions studied from presentation and followed for sufficiently long periods to allow a definite diagnosis. Histopathology on needle biopsy specimens narrowed the differential diagnosis to rheumatoid arthritis and closely related conditions even at an early stage of disease and also allowed recognition of other conditions which would not otherwise have been detected. Immunofluorescence on similar specimens further narrowed differential diagnosis since the presence of IgM was found to be very suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis. Other tests were of less value. It is concluded that laboratory investigation can improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in relatively early rheumatoid arthritis.
PTH-073 United Kingdom National Bowel Cancer Awareness Programme – More Pain, No Gain?
Authors: T Khong, K Naik, R Sivakumar, S Shah
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The UK government embarked on two National Bowel Cancer Awareness Campaigns in 2012 to raise public awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to prompt symptomatic individuals to visit their primary care physicians early. A pilot programme in 2011 failed to demonstrate neither increased numbers, nor earlier stage of new CRC diagnosed, despite significant rise in 2WW referrals<sup>1</sup>. It is unclear whether such findings would translate to other regions of the UK during a nationwide awareness campaign. <h3>Aims/Objectives</h3> To determine the effects of the bowel awareness campaigns on 2WW referrals. Comparison of the number of CRC cases diagnosed during the campaigns to a comparable period in 2011. Stage of disease and survival for patients diagnosed during the campaigns. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study of over 1439 consecutive patients referred through the 2WW colorectal pathway to Mid-Yorkshire Hospital NHS Trust during the campaigns between 1/2/2012 to 30/4/2012 and 1/9/2013 to 31/10/2012. Total number of referrals, newly diagnosed cases of CRC and non-CRC, with their respective staging were determined and compared with a comparable group in 2011. One year survival for the two groups was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier. <h3>Results</h3> Referrals through the 2WW pathway increased by 55–60% during the bowel awareness campaigns, but there was no significant relative increase in CRC or non-CRC diagnoses. Positive diagnostic yield for CRC remained low at 5.6% and 6.1%. The bowel awareness campaigns did not affect the stage at which CRC patients were diagnosed, as over 50% presented with Stage 3 and 4 disease, and similarly there was overall no difference in 1 year survival. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The UK bowel awareness campaign has increased public awareness of CRC and prompted symptomatic individuals to seek medical attention. This study shows the increase in 2WW referrals has not translated to better outcomes for patients. Furthermore the study highlights the difficulty in assessing a symptomatic individual’s risk for CRC in primary care, despite current guidelines which carry poor positive predictive value. Better risk assessment tools are desperately required, otherwise, future national campaigns would add significant presures to already overstretched colorectal units. <h3>Reference</h3> Taylor M, COI, Radford G, Network. AC. Evaluation of the Bowel Cancer Awareness Pilot in the South West and East of England 31 January to 18 March 2011. Department of Health UK.; 2012 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Cerebral Thrombosis Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: R. Dowie
Journal: BMJ (1952)

MEWXC.AL JOURLx abundance of this, but we did find that, as early as 1906, Crile and Dolley, perfusing Ringer's solution into the central cut ends of a dog's carotids (previously killed with carbon dioxide), always succeeded in restarting the heart within five minutes.At a much later date arterial transfusions on war casualties seemingly dead from exsanguination were used with success by the Russians (Soviet War News, 1944, p. 982).Similarly, Devitt and Wigderow (1951) and Bayles (1951) reported the resuscitation of moribund patients by means of intra-arterial transfusions.Added to this, recently in our own neurosurgical unit, as no doubt in others, the reinfusion of blood into the radial artery after induced hypotension by arteriotomy has demonstrated without question the speed at which the systolic pressure can be raised with apparent safety.We none of us desire to put such a line of treatment to the test, but should the circumstances arise again we cer- tainly feel that our earliest line of treatment, whether the patient is child or adult, will be the rapid injection of an appropriate volume of normal saline into the left ventricle through a cardiac puncture needle.
Occurrence of vascular IgA deposits in clinically normal skin of patients with renal disease
Authors: Eva H. Baart de la Faille-Kuyper, Louis Kater, René H. Kuijten, Cornelis J. Kooiker, Sjoerd S. Wagenaar, Pieter van der Zouwen, Evert J. Dorhout Mees
Journal: Kidney International (1976)
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF APIXABAN COMPARED WITH WARFARIN ACCORDING TO CHADS2 AND HASBLED RISK SCORES FOR STROKE PREVENTION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Renato D. Lopes, Sana Al-Khatib, Lars Wallentin, Hongqiu Yang, Jack Ansell, J. Donald Easton, Cetin Erol, Justin Ezekowitz, Bernard Gersh, Stefan Hohnloser, Elaine Hylek, Cecilia Bahit, John Horowitz, Raffaele De Caterina, Puneet Mohan, Dragos Vinereanu, Christopher Granger, John Alexander
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Raloxifene and Cardiovascular Events in Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Deborah Grady, Andreas Sashegyi, Pamela W. Anderson, David A. Cox, Krzysztof Hoszowski, Pentti Rautaharju, Kristine D. Harper, None for the MORE Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextRaloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, improves cardiovascular risk factors, but its effect on cardiovascular events is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of raloxifene on cardiovascular events in osteoporotic postmenopausal women.DesignSecondary analysis of data from the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between November 1994 and September 1999.SettingOutpatient and community settings at 180 sites in 25 countries.ParticipantsA total of 7705 osteoporotic postmenopausal women (mean age, 67 years).InterventionPatients were randomly assigned to receive raloxifene, 60 mg/d (n = 2557), or 120 mg/d (n = 2572), or placebo (n = 2576) for 4 years.Main Outcome MeasuresCardiovascular events, including coronary events (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or coronary ischemia) and cerebrovascular events (stroke or transient ischemic attack), collected as safety end points and subsequently adjudicated by a cardiologist blinded to therapy. Cardiovascular risk at study entry was determined by the presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors or prior coronary events or revascularization procedure.ResultsIn the overall cohort, there were no significant differences between treatment groups in the number of combined coronary and cerebrovascular events: 96 (3.7%) with placebo, 82 (3.2%) with 60 mg/d of raloxifene, and 94 (3.7%) with 120 mg/d of raloxifene. Relative risks (RRs) were 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.15) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.74-1.30) for 60 mg/d and 120 mg/d of raloxifene, respectively. Similar results were obtained when coronary and cerebrovascular events were analyzed separately. Among the subset of 1035 women with increased cardiovascular risk at baseline, those assigned to raloxifene had a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events compared with placebo (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.95 for both raloxifene groups). The number of cardiovascular events during the first year was not significantly different across groups in the overall cohort (P = .94), or among women at increased cardiovascular risk (P = .86) or with evidence of established coronary heart disease (P = .60).ConclusionsRaloxifene therapy for 4 years did not significantly affect the risk of cardiovascular events in the overall cohort but did significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in the subset of women with increased cardiovascular risk. There was no evidence that raloxifene caused an early increase in risk of cardiovascular events. Before raloxifene is used for prevention of cardiovascular events, these findings require confirmation in trials with evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes as the primary objective.
Meglumine lodipamide (Cholografin®) Hepatotoxicity
Authors: L. R. SUTHERLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Two cases of meglumine iodipamide (Cholografin®) hepatotoxicity were confirmed by liver biopsy. The hepatic lesion was centrilobular in location and resolved within a short period of time. Nausea and vomiting commonly reported after intravenous cholangiography may be clinical manifestations of this entity.