tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV transmission in serodiscordant heterosexual couples
Authors: M.-C. Boily, A. Buve, R. F. Baggaley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta is the primary cause of idiopathic Parkinson9s disease (iPD). In early stages of disease in particular, presentation of symptoms is non-specific leading to difficulties in differentiating between iPD and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (aPS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the SN region for differentiation between iPD and aPS. <h3>Methods</h3> 20 patients with iPD, 10 with aPS and 22 controls were examined on a 3 T MR scanner using three-dimensional MRSI with a voxel size of 0.252 ml and an echo time of 30 ms. Excitation volume was positioned in such a way that in each hemisphere 1 voxel defines the rostral and 1 voxel the caudal SN region. Using a fully automatic spectra evaluation, the metabolite ratios of N-acetyl aspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> In all cases spectra with good quality were obtained. Differences in rostral to caudal NAA/Cr ratios were significant between controls and iPD patients, as well as between iPD and aPS patients (p&lt;0.001 for both). For controls, rostral NAA/Cr was greater than caudal, whereas in iPD patients this ratio was reversed. aPS patients showed similar ratios as controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Typical reversed rostral to caudal NAA/Cr ratios in iPD patients suggests that they could be linked to specific pathology of neuronal loss in the SN pars compacta. Therefore, the results suggest that MRSI may support the differential diagnosis of patients with clinically unclassifiable parkinsonian syndromes who do not yet fulfil the established clinical criteria.
QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES WITH THE PURIFIED FACTOR IN MOUSE MILK CONNECTED WITH MAMMARY CARCINOMA
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Samuel Graff, C. D. Haagensen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Antisera to the mouse milk factor (F), containing up to 0.5 mg. of antibody nitrogen per ml. are readily obtainable in rabbits, especially when adjuvants are added to the antigen. Quantitative data on the anti-F content of the sera are given, also on the total nitrogen precipitated by the non-casein fraction of C57 mouse milk which does not contain F. The antisera were also absorbed with casein fractions but the difficulties in the way of quantitative analysis were not overcome. Antisera to fractions of C57 mouse milk were also obtained and the reactions of F and the C57 proteins with these sera were studied. The results, as far as they go, are in accord with the earlier belief that the milk factor possesses an immunological specificity not present in normal mouse tissues.
Vascular Endothelin-1 Gene Expression and Effect on Blood Pressure of Chronic ET <sub>A</sub> Endothelin Receptor Antagonism After Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition With <scp>L-</scp> NAME in Normal Rats
Authors: Pavol Sventek, Andre´ Turgeon, Ernesto L. Schiffrin
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Vascular expression of the endothelin-1 gene may be associated with severe vascular hypertrophy. Because in rats, inhibition of NO synthase with the l -arginine analogue N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induces blood pressure elevation associated with little cardiovascular hypertrophy, we studied vascular endothelin-1 gene expression in L-NAME–treated rats and the effects of chronic endothelin antagonism. Methods and Results Sprague-Dawley rats received 100 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 L-NAME in their drinking water for 3 weeks. Systolic blood pressure rose to 189±3 mm Hg ( P &lt;.001 versus control rats). By Northern blot analysis, endothelin-1 mRNA levels were similar in aortas and mesenteric arteries of control and L-NAME–treated rats. The blood pressure of L-NAME hypertensive rats treated with the ET A -selective endothelin receptor antagonist A-127722 for 3 weeks at a low dose (10 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 ) and a high dose (30 mg·kg −1 ·d −1 ) was not different from that of rats receiving L-NAME but not the endothelin antagonist. Treatment with the ACE inhibitor cilazapril lowered the blood pressure of L-NAME–treated rats equally whether or not they were receiving the ET A antagonist. Conclusions These results indicate that the endothelin system does not participate to an important degree in the mechanisms leading to elevated blood pressure after chronic NO synthase inhibition with L-NAME in normal rats. In the chronic model of L-NAME–induced hypertension, blockade of the renin-angiotensin system does not unmask an endothelin-dependent vasopressor tone. In addition, either NO does not regulate vascular endothelin-1 gene expression or L-NAME exerts an inhibitory effect on endothelin expression in blood vessels.
Increased myocardial microvascular utilisation and flow during atrial pacing
Authors: B A Acad, H R Weiss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

To determine the influence of heart rate on regional coronary flow, the coronary vascular and microvascular responses to increased heart rate were examined in anaesthetised open chest New Zealand white rabbits. Coronary blood flow was measured with labelled microspheres. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -dextran (150 mg·kg−1) was given to mark the perfused microvessels. The FITC-dextran was given at various intervals before removal of the heart. Alkaline phosphatase stain was used to locate the total microvasculature. Increase in heart rate from 272(SD23) to 339(13) beats·min−1 increased the coronary blood flow from 198(56) to 288(82) ml·min−1·100 g−1. The subendocardial/subepicardial flow ratio was not altered by pacing. Total capillary density averaged 2508(363) mm−2 and arteriolar density was 1.74(4.1)·mm−2. There were no significant regional or treatment differences in these values. The increase in blood flow with pacing was accompanied by a uniform increase in the percentage of the microvasculature perfused in the subepicardial and the subendocardial layers of the left ventricular free wall, from 58(6)% to 75(10)% for capillaries and from 54(17)% to 81(19)% for arterioles. These results show that enhanced heart rate increases the coronary blood flow and the density of the perfused microvessels uniformly across the ventricular wall. Thus both the coronary vascular and microvascular reserves are used in the rabbit heart during tachycardia.
Medical Jurisprudence and Gastro-enterological Endoscopy
Authors: E. Reim, P. Schroll, W. Gräf, R. L. Mueller
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

See also: Risk of Transmitting HIV by EndoscopesEndoscopy 1988; 20(03): 128-128DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1013017
Comparative Effects of Red Blood Cell Transfusion and Increasing Blood Flow on Tissue Oxygenation in Oxygen Supply-dependent Conditions
Authors: PHILIPPE VAN der LINDEN, STEFAN DE HERT, SYLVAIN BÉLISLE, FRANÇOISE DE GROOTE, NATHALIE MATHIEU, SANDRINE D'EUGENIO, VALÉRIE JULIEN, CHIWAN HUYNH, CHRISTIAN MÉLOT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is usually administered to improve oxygen delivery (Do 2) in order to sustain tissue oxygen demand. However, this practice is not supported by firm clinical or experimental data. Using a randomized two-period crossover design, this study compared the efficacy of "fresh" RBC transfusion and increased blood flow to restore tissue oxygenation in oxygen supply-dependent conditions. In 12 ketamine-anesthetized mongrel dogs submitted to nonpulsatile normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, Do 2 was reduced by a progressive decrease in pump flow. Do 2 dependency was defined as an O2 uptake (V˙ o 2) decrease by more than 15% from baseline value. Then, intervention consisted of a 40% increase in Do 2 obtained either by transfusion of "fresh" dog's RBC (stored < 3 d) or by increase in pump flow. Animals received both interventions sequentially in a random order, while O2 saturation was maintained constant. In O2 supply-dependent conditions, rising pump flow from 1.6 ± 0.4 to 2.7 ± 0.7 L/ min increased Do 2 from 5.4 ± 1.1 to 9.0 ± 1.3 ml/kg/min (p < 0.01) and V˙ o 2 from 3.5 ± 0.4 to 4.1 ± 0.5 ml/kg/min (p = 0.02). "Fresh" RBC transfusion, which increased the hemoglobin concentration from 6.4 ± 0.9 to 11.1 ± 1.3 g/dl, increased Do 2 from 5.4 ± 1.2 to 9.0 ± 1.4 ml/kg/min (p < 0.01) and V˙ o 2 from 3.6 ± 0.4 to 4.1 ± 0.5 ml/kg/min (p = 0.02). There was no difference in V˙ o 2 resulting from both interventions. In oxygen supply-dependent conditions, "fresh" RBC transfusion and increased blood flow are equally effective in restoring tissue oxygenation.
Intra-arterial Infusion of Tc-99m MAA
Authors: JAN C. ROOS, GERRIT J. J. TEULE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A patient with liver metastases and on angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibition for hypertension was studied after administration of Tc-99m MAA through the hepatic artery. The scintigrams showed a highly selective perfusion of the metastases (and significant shunting) despite the systemic treatment with a vasoactive drug that, theoretically, diminishes the flow to metastases. A possible effect of concomitant vasoactive medication on targeting and systemic side effects should be considered if regional perfusion studies and intra-arterial treatment are performed.
Congenital Adrenocortical Hyperplasia With Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Robert M. O'Bryan, Richmond W. Smith, Gerald Fine, Raymond C. Mellinger
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Cushing's syndrome in infants is a rare disorder, usually caused by adrenocortical carcinoma. Clinical and pathological features of a fatal case occurring in a female infant 8 weeks of age are reported. Initial abnormalities were glycosuria, granulocytosis, and failure to thrive. The marked retardation of skeletal maturation, with bone age interpreted as less than term, suggests a prenatal onset of the endocrine disorder. The infant died after adrenal exploration. Both adrenal glands were hyperplastic and nodular while generalized wasting, sparing heart and kidneys, characterized the anatomic changes generally. An unexpected preponderance of acidophils was discovered in cell counts of the anterior pituitary.
Inflammatory effects of ozone in the upper airways of subjects with asthma.
Authors: D E McBride, J Q Koenig, D L Luchtel, P V Williams, W R Henderson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to ozone causes inflammatory or functional changes in the upper or lower airways of asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. Ten asthmatic and eight nonasthmatic subjects were exposed to clean air, 120 ppb ozone, or 240 ppb ozone for 90 min during intermittent moderate exercise using a head dome exposure system. Pulmonary function tests, posterior rhinomanometry, and nasal lavage were performed before and after exposure. Leukocyte counts and chemotactic factors leukotriene B4 (LTB4), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were analyzed from nasal lavage fluid. In subjects with asthma, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of white blood cells in lavage fluid was detected both immediately and 24 h after exposure to 240 ppb ozone, as was a significant increase in epithelial cells immediately after exposure (p < 0.05). No significant cellular changes were seen in nonasthmatic subjects. A significant correlation was observed between IL-8 and white blood cells counts after exposure to 240 ppb ozone (r = 0.76) in asthmatic subjects. No significant changes in pulmonary or nasal function or biochemical mediators were found in either the asthmatic or nonasthmatic subjects. These data indicate that asthmatic individuals are more sensitive to the acute inflammatory effects of ozone than nonasthmatic individuals.
The Real Frasiers
Authors: Sabina Dosani
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In a bossy voice that would better suit a dominatrix than a radio psychologist, Dr Joy Browne asks, “Are you having sex?” Browne is doling out no-nonsense marital advice to a timid sounding woman who is worried that her husband is taking drugs. Although she inflicts irritating catchphrases such as “Better to be curious than furious” and “What's your question?” on her listeners, five to eight million of them tune into her daily programme, making her the fourth most listened to broadcaster in the United States.

Browne is just one of the psychologists and …
Comparison of Submaximal Exercise ECG Test with Coronary Cineangiocardiogram
Authors: DAVID ROITMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Coronary arteriograms and submaximal exercise tests were compared in 100 patients, all of whom had chest pain. Forty-six of these patients were free of hypertension, aortic valve disease or mitral incompetence, left ventricular hypertrophy, QRS prolongation, or resting ST depression and were not receiving digitalis glycosides. An ischemic exercise ECG response was demonstrated in 26 of these 46 patients, and all but 2 had abnormal coronary arteriograms. Among the 20 negative exercise test responders, coronary arteriograms were normal in 14 and abnormal in 6 patients. Four of these six abnormal findings were predictable on clinical grounds, leaving only two patients whose angiographic abnormality was not predicted by history, ECG, or exercise test. In the remaining 54 patients, each of whom had 1 or more of the abnormalities listed above, the ECG response to exercise correlated poorly with arteriographic findings.
Anterocardiac Extension of a Goiter
Authors: Zayd Merza, Duncan White
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 75-year-old woman with thyrotoxicosis was referred for radioiodine therapy. A thyroid Tc-99m pertechnetate scan revealed bilateral increased uptake with an unusual pattern of retrosternal extension. Computed tomography was performed which showed a goiter extending anterior to the right atrium finely connected to the cervical component. The patient denied any compressive symptoms and received radioiodine therapy. Despite extending deep into the mediastinum, retrosternal goiters can be asymptomatic as demonstrated in this case.
Changes in laws are necessary to allow patients detained under Mental Health Act to vote
Authors: H. Smith, M. Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Before the Representation of the People Act 1983 came into force many people with mental illness were denied the right to vote. Even after the act was passed it remained more difficult for people with mental illness to register to vote than it did for other people.1 Until recently, patients detained under the Mental Health Act had been assumed to be disenfranchised because they lacked a permanent address. Recently, the Home Office issued guidelines on the eligibility of people with mental illness to vote.2

The day after the …
Efficacy of prophylactic warfarin for prevention of thalidomide-related deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Nadeem Ikhlaque, Vidya Seshadri, Satheesh Kathula, Michael A. Baumann
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication of thalidomide treatment. There is little information to guide clinicians in selecting effective preventive treatments and physician practice varies. We sought to determine whether prophylactic anticoagulation with warfarin prevents DVT related to thalidomide treatment.We reviewed the records of 131 patients receiving thalidomide for a variety of indications. Fifty-five patients were prescribed warfarin with the intent of preventing DVT. Thirty-seven patients received warfarin at a dose of 1-2 mg per day (low dose) and 18 received a dose intended to raise the INR to 2-3 (high dose).Twenty-one of the 131 patients developed venous thrombosis during thalidomide treatment. Eighteen of the 76 patients (23.7%) who were not prescribed prophylactic anticoagulation developed DVT compared to 3 of the 55 patients (5.5%) who were prescribed any dose of prophylactic warfarin (P = 0.010). Only 1 of the 37 patients who received low-dose warfarin developed DVT (P = 0.011). Bleeding complications occurred in 4 patients, all of whom were receiving high-dose warfarin.Prophylactic anticoagulation with warfarin reduces the risk of thrombosis during thalidomide treatment. Low-dose warfarin may be as effective as higher dose treatment and may result in fewer bleeding complications.
Skin surface lipid composition in rosacea
Authors: R.J. PYE, GAY MEYRICK, J.L. BURTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article Skin surface lipid composition in rosacea Get access R.J. PYE, R.J. PYE Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GAY MEYRICK, GAY MEYRICK Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. BURTON J.L. BURTON Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 2, 1 February 1976, Pages 161–164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04365.x Published: 01 February 1976
Rosemary Maling (nee Dearden)
Authors: E. Howells, H. Hornung
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Rosemary Maling (nee Dearden) dedicated her entire career to the emotional welfare of children, pioneering “doll play techniques” to enable children to express their feelings. Together with colleagues at the Sociology Department in Swansea University, Rosemary set up the Association …
How Can We Pay for Graduate Medical Education in Ambulatory Care?
Authors: J M Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The need for expanded training in ambulatory care is clear, not only in specialties that have traditionally emphasized outpatient practice (such as dermatology and family medicine), but also in specialties that have recently begun caring for more of their patients outside the hospital (such as anesthesiology and surgery).In any setting, graduate medical education depends on many sources of financial support, the most substantial of which is hospital revenue. In 1985–1986, hospital revenue from service to patients accounted for 81 percent of residents' stipends and benefits.1 In internal medicine, hospital revenue from Medicare covered 26 percent of residents' salaries and . . .
High levels of circulating cytomegalovirus DNA reflect visceral organ disease in viremic immunosuppressed patients other than marrow recipients.
Authors: R L Saltzman, M R Quirk, M C Jordan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Although viremia is a hallmark of disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, not all viremic patients have visceral organ CMV disease. We used blot hybridization with a cloned subgenomic probe to quantitate viral DNA in blood leukocytes of 60 viremic patients (25 with solid organ transplants, 20 with AIDS, and 15 marrow recipients) who had different clinical manifestations of CMV infection. The results are expressed as pg of viral DNA/10 micrograms of leukocyte DNA. Patients with AIDS or with solid organ transplants who had CMV visceral organ disease had the largest amounts of viral DNA in their granulocytes (median 632 and 237 pg, respectively). These amounts were significantly greater than those in similar viremic patients without CMV visceral disease (17 and 21 pg; P < 0.005 and 0.002, respectively). All patients in the study with > 150 pg of CMV DNA in their granulocytes had visceral CMV disease. The amounts of viral DNA in granulocytes of AIDS and organ transplant patients with CMV retinitis were low (median 22 pg). Marrow transplant patients were unique in that the amounts of CMV DNA in granulocytes were low whether CMV visceral organ disease was present (17 pg) or absent (14 pg). We conclude that high levels of circulating CMV DNA in viremic AIDS and solid organ transplant patients reflect viral involvement of visceral organs but not the retina. In marrow recipients, the severity of CMV disease, even when fatal, is not reflected quantitatively in peripheral blood leukocytes.
Predictors of Achievement in Academic Medicine
Authors: Michael McCally
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Brancati et al<sup>1</sup>in their article entitled "Early Predictors of Career Achievement in Academic Medicine" report that scholastic performance and research experience in medical school predict career achievement in academic medicine in a 1948 to 1964 cohort of male graduates of The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Of the cohort of 1337 students, 121 were women. The decision not to study women is not explained. In a one-sentence disclaimer, the authors acknowledge that the results may not reflect contemporary trainees because of the male selection bias and the single medical school. But they dismiss these threats to generalizability as minor, reflecting their insensitivity to well-known gender differences in both opportunity and achievement in academic medicine. The article would be more satisfactory had it been correctly titled "Early Predictors of Career Achievement Among Males in Academic Medicine." Indeed, an unexamined and unmentioned hypothesis remains that the most
A CASE OF STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION FOLLOWING LABOR—OPERATION AND RECOVERY.
Authors: WILLIAM H. HUMISTON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

A primipara, aged 23 years, was delivered with forceps after six hours in labor, on Nov. 26, 1900. On the third day, after a slight chill, the temperature rose to 103 F. The uterine cavity was douched with a mild antiseptic solution. Failing to get a result from this procedure, the curette was employed, and thereafter daily intra-uterine douchings. On December 5, the sixth day of the fever, I saw the case in consultation. Temperature was 100, and the pulse 120, irregular and weak. The fundus of the uterus was midway between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus. There was no tympanites and but little tenderness of the abdomen. A deep laceration of the perineum, which had been repaired after delivery, but opened again, and the torn surfaces of the cervix (right lateral tear) were covered with a grayish slough, which in appearance was not unlike that of diphtheric origin.
"THE INTRACAROTID METHOD OF TREATMENT FOR MENINGITIS"
Authors: Abraham Myerson
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was much interested in the article by John A. Kolmer which appeared inThe Journal, April 25. I am glad indeed that some one has taken this logical route of treatment. My criticism is that Dr. Kolmer has made the treatment too formidable by making it a surgical operation. It is perfectly possible, as has been shown by many workers, including Halloran and myself, to put a needle into the carotid artery from the skin, without any section whatever, and to inject medicinal substances quite safely. We utilized this route years ago and recently for the injection of arsphenamine. The technic is safe, there is no damage to the artery, and the arterial puncture can be done in a few minutes. I believe the carotid artery method opens up a new avenue of great potency for the treatment of meningitis. I hope that Dr. Kolmer and
Living With Dying
Authors: William M. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This small monograph, written by a theologian, would be useful for those entering professions that offer an exposure to dying patients or to families of dying patients. For  active practitioner of medicine (or of nursing) who has already had years of exposure to deaths and dying in his professional activities,  book outlines what he already knows. But even so, a number of statements can be culled throughout  monograph that provide guidelines for even these persons, to ensure that they are providing professional, objective care. One example is  statement, that the attempt to shoulder a patient's suffering for him is as futile as to try to do his dying for him; or again, that part of  expertise of professional personnel is made possible by an emotional distance that allows them to accept  patient's needs for what they are. I think, in a sense, this book