tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogen and homocysteine
Authors: K Dimitrova
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of illness and death in women. Premenopausal women are relatively protected from coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis as compared to postmenopausal women, and this protection is attributed to the effects of the female sex hormone (estrogen). The vasculature, like the reproductive tissues, bone, liver, and brain, is now recognized as an important site of estrogen's action. Although estrogen's beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system are well described in many studies, the molecular basis of estrogen protective mechanisms are still quite vague. Both genomic mechanisms, mediated primarily through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and non-genomic mechanisms, through nitric oxide (NO), of estrogen action are controversial and do not entirely explain the effects of estrogen on vascular preservation during conditions of oxidative stress. Until recently, the atheroprotective effects of estrogen were attributed principally to its effects on serum lipid concentrations and cholesterol levels. However, two recent reports that estrogen therapy has no effect on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in women with established disease, despite the favorable changes in LDL and cholesterol levels, leads to questions about the lipid/cholesterol mechanism of estrogen-mediated effects on atherosclerosis. Alternatively, the high level of homocysteine, found to correlate with accelerated cardiovascular disease and identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, was recently described to be diminished by estrogen. Protection against disturbed sulfhydryl metabolism and higher homocysteine level could be the missing link in understanding how exactly estrogen affects vascular cells metabolism and responses to oxidative stress. This review focuses on estrogen/homocysteine interactions and their relevance to the cardiovascular system.
Extended Family History of Diabetes and Autoimmune Diseases in Children With and Without Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Salla Alhonen, Sari Korhonen, Päivi Tapanainen, Mikael Knip, Riitta Veijola
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To determine the extended family history of diabetes or autoimmune diseases in families with and without children having type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three hundred case families and 381 control families were interviewed using structured questionnaires. RESULTS The proportion of case children having at least one relative with type 1 diabetes outside the nuclear family was higher than that of control children (50.3 vs. 31.8%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The proportions of case and control children having relatives with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes were similar. Other autoimmune diseases occurred more frequently among the case children (9.7 vs. 1.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), in the case nuclear families (22.0 vs. 12.9%, P = 0.002) and in relatives outside the case nuclear family (72.0 vs. 62.2%, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases not only cluster in the nuclear families of children with type 1 diabetes but are also overrepresented in their extended families.
Effect of Pravastatin on Coronary Disease Events in Subgroups Defined by Coronary Risk Factors
Authors: Frank M. Sacks, Andrew M. Tonkin, James Shepherd, Eugene Braunwald, Stuart Cobbe, C. Morton Hawkins, Anthony Keech, Christopher Packard, John Simes, Robert Byington, Curt D. Furberg
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Previous trials have had insufficient numbers of coronary events to address definitively the effect of lipid-modifying therapy on coronary heart disease in subgroups of patients with varying baseline characteristics.The data from 3 large randomized trials with pravastatin 40 mg were pooled and analyzed with the use of a prospectively defined protocol. Included were 19 768 patients, 102 559 person-years of follow-up, 2194 primary end points (coronary death or nonfatal myocardial infarction), and 3717 expanded end points (primary end point, CABG, or PTCA). Pravastatin significantly reduced relative risk in younger (<65 years) and older (>/=65 years) patients, men and women, smokers and nonsmokers, and patients with or without diabetes or hypertension. The relative effect was smaller, but absolute risk reduction was similar in patients with hypertension compared with those without hypertension. Relative risk reduction was significant in predefined categories of baseline lipid concentrations. Tests for interaction were not significant between relative risk reduction and baseline total cholesterol (5% to 95% range 177 to 297 mg/dL, 4.6 to 7.7 mmol/L), HDL cholesterol (27 to 58 mg/dL, 0.7 to 1.5 mmol/L), and triglyceride (74 to 302 mg/dL, 0.8 to 3.4 mmol/L) concentrations, analyzed as continuous variables. However, for LDL cholesterol, the probability values for interaction were 0.068 for the prespecified primary end point and 0.019 for the expanded end point. Relative risk reduction was similar throughout most of the baseline LDL cholesterol range (125 to 212 mg/dL, 3.2 to 5.5 mmol/L) with the possible exception of the lowest quintile of CARE/LIPID (<125 mg/dL) (relative risk reduction 5%, 95% CI 19% to -12%).Pravastatin treatment is effective in reducing coronary heart disease events in patients with high or low risk factor status and across a wide range of pretreatment lipid concentrations.
FREE HYDROCHLORIC ACID—IS ITS ABSENCE FROM THE STOMACH A SIGN OF CANCER?
Authors: RICHARD B. FAULKNER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is important to know whether free hydrochloric acid is secreted by the stomach. It is important to know whether its absence from the stomach is an indication of cancer of that organ. Prof. Wm. Osler, of the Johns Hopkins University, in his excellent work on "The Practice of Medicine," published in 1892, states that, "great stress has been laid of late years upon the absence of free hydrochloric acid in the secretions. As an outcome of the enormous number of observations which have recently been made, it may be said that free hydrochloric acid is absent in a majority of cases of cancer of the stomach. This defect is associated with impairment of the secreting function of the organs. The examination should be made repeatedly by the methods already referred to, and with our present knowledge the persistent absence of HCl in the stomach contents, taken in conjunction with
Multiple dermoid cysts on the cheek
Authors: K. Niitsuma, A. Tsubakimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Multiple dermoid cysts on the cheek Get access K. Niitsuma, K. Niitsuma Division of Plastic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara 634–0813, Japan *Tsubakimoto Dermatological Clinic, 2‐8‐9 Oka, Fujiidera, Osaka 583–0027, Japan E‐mail: niitsuma@nmu‐gw.naramed‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Tsubakimoto A. Tsubakimoto Division of Plastic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara 634–0813, Japan *Tsubakimoto Dermatological Clinic, 2‐8‐9 Oka, Fujiidera, Osaka 583–0027, Japan E‐mail: niitsuma@nmu‐gw.naramed‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 6, 1 June 2005, Pages 1387–1389, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06640.x Published: 01 June 2005
Case of Intussusception Successfully Treated by Inflation: With Remarks
Authors: T. Eastes
Journal: BMJ (1876)

My patient had suffered from ague twenty-three years previously to the commencement of the attack of antemia which proved fatal.He also came from a district in Cambridgeshire in which ague used to prevail, but in which it is now almost unknown.It is highly impro- bable, therefore, that exposure to paludal miasma was the cause of his illness.The bloodl had not the appearance described by Eichhorst as cha.racteristic of this affection, as I have stated in the notes.Dr. Grainger Stewart lias failed to discover these appearances in two weli marked and ultlimately fatal cases which occurred in his practice (BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, July Sth, i876).In some cases of this disease, fatty degeneration of the heart has been observed; but, in my case, the heart was somewhat hypertrophied and the muscular * Read before the conjoint meeting at Rochester of the East and West Kent Districts of the South-Eastern Branch.
Very low density lipoproteins stimulate surfactant lipid synthesis in vitro.
Authors: R K Mallampalli, R G Salome, S L Bowen, D A Chappell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Surfactant synthesis is critically dependent on the availability of fatty acids. One fatty acid source may be circulating triglycerides that are transported in VLDL, and hydrolyzed to free fatty acids by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). To evaluate this hypothesis, we incubated immortalized or primary rat alveolar pre-type II epithelial cells with VLDL. The cells were observed to surface bind, internalize, and degrade VLDL, a process that was induced by exogenous LPL. LPL induction of lipoprotein uptake significantly increased the rates of choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and disaturated PC, and these effects were associated with a three-fold increase in the activity of the rate-regulatory enzyme for PC synthesis, cytidylyltransferase. Compared with native LPL, a fusion protein of glutathione S-transferase with the catalytically inactive carboxy-terminal domain of LPL did not activate CT despite inducing VLDL uptake. A variant of the fusion protein of glutathione S-transferase with the catalytically inactive carboxy-terminal domain of LPL that partially blocked LPL-induced catabolism of VLDL via LDL receptors also partially blocked the induction of surfactant synthesis by VLDL. Taken together, these observations suggest that both the lipolytic actions of LPL and LPL-induced VLDL catabolism via lipoprotein receptors might play an integral role in providing the fatty acid substrates used in surfactant phospholipid synthesis.
Gene Transfer of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Attenuates Postinfarction Heart Failure
Authors: Vasant Jayasankar, Y. Joseph Woo, Lawrence T. Bish, Timothy J. Pirolli, Subhasis Chatterjee, Mark F. Berry, Jeffrey Burdick, Timothy J. Gardner, H. Lee Sweeney
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Despite advances in surgical and percutaneous coronary revascularization, ongoing ischemia that is not amenable to standard revascularization techniques is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) has potent angiogenic and anti-apoptotic activities, and this study evaluated the functional and biochemical effects of HGF gene transfer in a rat model of postinfarction heart failure. Methods and Results— Lewis rats underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery with direct intramyocardial injection of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus encoding HGF (n=10) or empty null virus as control (n=9), and animals were analyzed after six weeks. Pressure-volume conductance catheter measurements demonstrated significantly preserved contractile function in the HGF group compared with Null control animals as measured by maximum developed LV pressure (79±5 versus 56±4 mm Hg, P &lt;0.001) and maximum dP/dt (2890±326 versus 1622±159 mm Hg/sec, P &lt;0.01). Significant preservation of LV geometry was associated with HGF treatment (LV Diameter HGF 13.1±0.54 versus Null 14.4±0.15 mm P &lt;0.01; LV wall thickness 1.73±0.10 versus 1.28±0.07 mm P &lt;0.01). Angiogenesis was significantly enhanced in HGF treated animals as measured by both Von Willebrand’s Factor immunohistochemical staining and a microsphere assay. TUNEL analysis revealed a significant reduction in apoptosis in the HGF group (3.42±0.83% versus 8.36±1.16%, P &lt;0.01), which correlated with increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-x L expression in the HGF animals. Conclusions— Hepatocyte Growth Factor gene transfer following a large myocardial infarction results in significantly preserved myocardial function and geometry, and is associated with significant angiogenesis and a reduction in apoptosis. This therapy may be useful as an adjunct or alternative to standard revascularization techniques in patients with ischemic heart failure.
TCT-103 Gender Impact on Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes In Patients Treated With Drug-Eluting Stents; Data From the IRIS DES registry
Authors: Sang Soo Cheon, Jung-Min Ahn, HEESOON PARK, Se Hun Kang, Byeong Joo Bae, Min Su Kim, Jae Hyung Roh, Hyun Woo Park, Mineok Chang, Sung-Han Yoon, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Breathholding Spells in Children Differentiation From Epileptic Attacks
Authors: Samuel Livingston
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Severe breathholding spells in children follow a more or less constant clinical pattern, and the electroencephalogram is almost always normal. The spells generally appear during the first two years of life, but rarely before 6 months of age. They usually disappear spontaneously after 4 years of age and rarely recur after age 6 years. Breathholding episodes are observed almost exclusively in children with normal intelligence and do not cause demonstrable evidence of brain damage. However, they are frequently associated with or followed by behavioral disturbances. The familial incidence is high. Breathholding attacks are essentially innocuous and the general outlook is excellent. The associated unconsciousness and convulsions are very short and benign, and require no immediate care. The administration of antiepileptic or tranquilizing drugs or both is of no value. Treatment consists primarily of parent-child guidance and reassurance.
Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Predicts Poor Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Marie Muller, Candice Trocme, Francoise Morel, Serge Halimi, Pierre Y. Benhamou
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

In a recent study by Liu et al. (1), the complex mechanisms of diabetic foot ulcers were further elucidated. In a series of 62 ulcers, the authors report that they found—for the first time—a positive correlation between a high matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)–to–tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) ratio and poor wound healing.

However, these are not the first data enhancing the putative role of MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of chronic wounds. Ladwig et al. (2) also described a positive correlation between a high MMP-9–to–TIMP-1 ratio and poor wound healing …
Cardiac morbidity and mortality due to Chagas' disease: prospective electrocardiographic study of a Brazilian community.
Authors: J H Maguire, R Hoff, I Sherlock, A C Guimarães, A C Sleigh, N B Ramos, K E Mott, T H Weller
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The evolution of Chagas' cardiomyopathy is poorly understood. We therefore examined the development of cardiac lesions in a rural Brazilian community for a period of 7 years. Initially, 42% of 1017 residents were seropositive for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Age-specific infection rates indicated that most had become infected before the age of 20 years. On follow-up, it appeared that those persons who developed cardiac lesions did so soon after infection, since the incidence of right bundle branch block and other ventricular conduction defects (VCDs) was also highest before age 20 years. The progressive nature of these lesions was demonstrated by frequent development of additional electrocardiographic abnormalities and high mortality among infected adults with VCDs. In contrast, mortality was low and approximately the same for seropositive and seronegative adults under 60 years who had normal electrocardiograms. Electrocardiography during the early asymptomatic stage of infection was able to distinguish persons with potentially lethal cardiac lesions from those with a benign prognosis.
COMPARISON OF HIGH-DOSE BOLUS TIROFIBAN VERSUS ABCIXIMAB AS ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY FOR PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS
Authors: Lili Dong, Feng Zhang, Xianhong Shu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Our New Home
Authors: Doris A. Pichly
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The letter to JAMA by Dena Lovett 1 jolted me. I didn't realize the same life existed for interns and their families as was so prevalent 30 years ago when my husband was an intern. Except then it wasn't considered a job. The one with a salary was me, and I worked nights because of our preschool-aged daughter—I cared for her during the day, and her dad had her five nights most weeks. It worked out beautifully, but at the time I hated medicine, medical school, our ugly, drafty home, and the endless substandard living.  The wise dean of my husband's medical school spoke to the incoming freshmen's families and friends, who gathered to be introduced to future expectations in the making of physicians. He said, and the words are etched in my consciousness, A rut is a grave with the ends kicked out. Those words gave
XMRV: A New Virus in Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Amanda L. Aloia, Karen S. Sfanos, William B. Isaacs, Qizhi Zheng, Frank Maldarelli, Angelo M. De Marzo, Alan Rein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Several recent articles have reported the presence of a gammaretrovirus, termed "XMRV" (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) in prostate cancers (PCa). If confirmed, this could have enormous implications for the detection, prevention, and treatment of PCa. However, other articles report failure to detect XMRV in PCa. We tested nearly 800 PCa samples, using a combination of real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The PCR reactions were simultaneously monitored for amplification of a single-copy human gene, to confirm the quality of the sample DNA and its suitability for PCR. Controls showed that the PCR assay could detect the XMRV in a single infected cell, even in the presence of a 10,000-fold excess of uninfected human cells. The IHC used 2 rabbit polyclonal antisera, each prepared against a purified murine leukemia virus (MLV) protein. Both antisera always stained XMRV-infected or -transfected cells, but never stained control cells. No evidence for XMRV in PCa was obtained in these experiments. We discuss possible explanations for the discrepancies in the results from different laboratories. It is possible that XMRV is not actually circulating in the human population; even if it is, the data do not seem to support a causal role for this virus in PCa.
The effect of desmopressin on nocturnal polyuria, overnight weight loss, and morning postural hypotension in patients with autonomic failure.
Authors: C J Mathias, P Fosbraey, D F da Costa, A Thornley, R Bannister
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Day and night urine volume, morning and evening body weight, and supine and sitting blood pressure were measured in five patients with chronic autonomic failure who were not receiving treatment with drugs. All had nocturnal polyuria, overnight weight loss, and a pronounced postural fall in blood pressure, with lowest levels in the morning. Desmopressin (2-4 micrograms given intramuscularly at 8 pm) reduced nocturnal polyuria, diminished overnight weight loss, raised supine blood pressure, and reduced the postural fall, especially in the morning, when patients were often at their worst. Desmopressin may be a useful alternative to, or may supplement, other forms of treatment in some patients with autonomic failure.
Breast Carcinoma–Associated Fibroblasts Rarely Contain p53 Mutations or Chromosomal Aberrations
Authors: Abdel Nasser Hosein, Min Wu, Suzanna L. Arcand, Sylvie Lavallée, Josée Hébert, Patricia N. Tonin, Mark Basik
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract It has become increasingly clear that the cells within the tumor microenvironment play a critical role in cancer growth and metastasis. Studies in experimental models suggest that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) differ from normal fibroblasts and are capable of promoting cancer progression through a variety of mechanisms. At present, a definitive view is lacking on whether genomic abnormalities are present and whether they might underlie the observed phenotypic differences. This study reports the molecular analysis of the largest series of breast CAFs reported to date, with an array comparative genomic hybridization–based DNA copy number analysis of cultured CAFs derived from 25 freshly resected human breast cancers. We found DNA copy number changes consisting of the whole arm of chromosomes 6p and 9p plus interstitial 4q loss in only one sample. No abnormalities were observed in non–tumor-associated fibroblast counterparts. Karyotyping of the same CAF revealed further chromosomal abnormalities, which included clonal loss of chromosomes, chromosomal duplications, and less frequent chromosomal rearrangements. These abnormalities were not associated with alterations in the global gene expression profile of this particular CAF, relative to its non–tumor-associated fibroblast counterpart. Moreover, this particular patient's CAF also displayed the only p53 mutation in the cohort, the first time such a mutation has been reported in freshly cultured human CAFs. These findings argue that the procancerous effects of CAFs are unlikely to be due to DNA copy number–type genomic abnormalities in the CAFs themselves. As such, breast CAFs should be mainly regarded as genomically stable cellular constituents that exist within complex cancer microenvironments. Cancer Res; 70(14); 5770–7. ©2010 AACR.
Mortality and Readmission of Patients With Heart Failure, Atrial Fibrillation, or Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Sean van Diepen, Jeffrey A. Bakal, Finlay A. McAlister, Justin A. Ezekowitz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— The postoperative risks for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing noncardiac surgery are well described. However, the risks of noncardiac surgery in patients with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are less well known. The purpose of this study is to compare the postoperative mortality of patients with HF, AF, or CAD undergoing major and minor noncardiac surgery. Methods and Results— Population-based data were used to create 4 cohorts of consecutive patients with either nonischemic HF (NIHF; n=7700), ischemic HF (IHF; n=12 249), CAD (n=13 786), or AF (n=4312) who underwent noncardiac surgery between April 1, 1999, and September 31, 2006, in Alberta, Canada. The main outcome was 30-day postoperative mortality. The unadjusted 30-day postoperative mortality was 9.3% in NIHF, 9.2% in IHF, 2.9% in CAD, and 6.4% in AF (each versus CAD, P &lt;0.0001). Among patients undergoing minor surgical procedures, the 30-day postoperative mortality was 8.5% in NIHF, 8.1% in IHF, 2.3% in CAD, and 5.7% in AF ( P &lt;0.0001). After multivariable adjustment, postoperative mortality remained higher in NIHF, IHF, and AF patients than in those with CAD (NIHF versus CAD: odds ratio 2.92; 95% confidence interval 2.44 to 3.48; IHF versus CAD: odds ratio 1.98; 95% confidence interval 1.70 to 2.31; AF versus CAD: odds ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval 1.34 to 2.14). Conclusions— Although current perioperative risk prediction models place greater emphasis on CAD than HF or AF, patients with HF or AF have a significantly higher risk of postoperative mortality than patients with CAD, and even minor procedures carry a risk higher than previously appreciated.
Early referral recommendations for ankylosing spondylitis (including pre-radiographic and radiographic forms) in primary care
Authors: J Sieper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

An earlier diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is required because there is still a 5–7 year delay between first symptoms and diagnosis, and new effective treatments are available for active disease. Primary care physicians need easy to apply parameters to help them identify patients with suspected AS for onward referral. The best measures found were inflammatory back pain and HLA-B27 positivity.