tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABNORMALITIES PRODUCED IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BY ELECTRICAL INJURIES
Authors: Orthello R. Langworthy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

The alternating and continuous circuits produced different types of lesions in the central nervous system. Hemorrhages were common after alternating current shocks and few hemorrhages were observed in the continuous circuit group. With both types of circuits at 1000 and 500 volts potential, severe abnormalities in the nerve cells were observed. These were more marked in the continuous circuit group. A uniformly staining, shrunken, pyknotic nucleus was taken as a criterion of nerve cell death. The Purkinje cells of the cerebellum were most susceptible to the current. Injured cells were studied in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus, in the somatic motor group, among the primary sensory neurones and in the olives. Changes in the histological structure of the cells in reference to recovery have been discussed. Injury to the cerebral and cerebellar cortices occurred on the dorsal surface close to the head electrode. Small cavities were produced, particularly in the cerebral cortex, as the result of the circuit contact. With the continuous and alternating circuits at 110 and 220 volts potential less severe changes were observed in the nerve cells although hemorrhages were common in the alternating circuit group. It must be assumed in these cases that death was due to respiratory block rather than actual death of the cells.
Fus deficiency in mice results in defective B-lymphocyte development and activation, high levels of chromosomal instability and perinatal death
Authors: Geoffrey G. Hicks, Nagendra Singh, Abudi Nashabi, Sabine Mai, Gracjan Bozek, Ludger Klewes, Djula Arapovic, Erica K. White, Mark J. Koury, Eugene M. Oltz, Luc Van Kaer, H. E. Ruley
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
ATROPHIC RHINITIS COMPLICATED BY MASTOID ABSCESS AND EXTRA-DURAL ABSCESS
Authors: Fred. Stoker
Journal: BMJ (1909)

ATROPHIC RHINITIS WITH MASTOID ABSCESS.[MEDICALJOURNA 329- became so unsatisfactory that the anaesthetic was discontinued' and the incision rapidly closed.Eight minutes after this artificial respiration became necessary, and after two hours the heart stopped.Po8t mortem there was great dilatation of the ventricles of the brain, and the existence of basal meningitis prevented the opening of the cranial cavity relieving the pressure.Case x. presented some interesting features.The anaes- thetist was using the apparatus for the first time, and Mui Dl ~~~~~~~~~+M~R.
Relation between contractile reserve and prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and a depressed ejection fraction.
Authors: P F Cohn, R Gorlin, M V Herman, E H Sonnenblick, H R Horn, L H Cohn, J J Collins
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) and 1-epinephrine infusion have previously been shown by the ventriculographic technique to augment left ventricular wall motion in patients with coronary artery disease. The present study relates the magnitude of this augmentation to short-term prognosis in 56 patients with coronary artery disease and a factor already identified with reduced life expectancy, i.e., an abnormal ejection fraction (EF less than .50). Forty-two patients received PESP and 14 1-epinephrine infusion. Based on severity of symptoms and technical suitability, 37 were treated surgically and 19 medically. Mean follwo-up times were 11.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. The mean increase in EF induced by PESP or 1-epinephrine infusion was significantly greater in patients who subsequently had good results from either surgical or medical therapy than in those who died or had progressive cardiac deterioration. In addition, those patients with an increase in EF of .10 or greater had a statistically greater chance of doing well than patients with less augmentation. Evaluation of change in ejection fraction after inotropic stimulation in patients with depressed ejection fractions is helpful in identifying those patients with greatest contractile reserve and hence better short-term prognosis with eigher medical or surgical therapy. Because of its ease of performance and greater enhancement of contractility, PESP is preferred to 1-epinephrine infusion as the inotropic stimulus of choice.
Rheumatology education and management skills in general practice: a national study of trainees.
Authors: P Lanyon, D Pope, P Croft
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate current rheumatology education and skills during vocational training in general practice. METHODS--A postal questionnaire survey was sent to all general practice trainees who were in United Kingdom training practices in June 1992. A second survey was made of general practice trainers in the UK. RESULTS--Questionnaires were returned by 1624 trainees, representing 70% of all trainees known to be in a training practice on 1 April 1992. Of the 1075 responders who were at the end of their trainee year, 35% had not received any tutorials on rheumatological topics with their trainer, and only 43% had experienced specific rheumatology teaching on local day release courses. Although 84% of these trainees had injected or aspirated the knee, fewer than 40% had acquired shoulder injection skills. Lack of experience was matched by low reported confidence. Trainees rated the amount of their rheumatology education as inadequate. Nine hundred trainers returned questionnaires--a response rate of 33%. Their estimate of the amount of local training provided was similar to that among the trainees, but this sample of trainers reported a higher level of practical teaching than the trainees indicated they had received. CONCLUSIONS--Rheumatology education during vocational training needs to be improved, particularly the component provided by trainers and local day release courses. This process might be facilitated by the development of a standard rheumatology curriculum which could be incorporated into all training schemes.
Multiple Large Hemangiomas of the Liver
Authors: Leon M. Levitt, Monroe Coleman, Jacob Yarvis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

MULTIPLE large hemangiomas of the liver are a most unusual clinical and pathological finding. This entity must be considered when an enlarged multinodular liver is discovered so that an erroneous diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma can be avoided.Hemangiomas, the most common benign neoplasm of the liver,1 are localized more frequently in this organ than in any other viscera2 , 3 and may be associated with angiomas in other abdominal organs and elsewhere.4 Most hemangiomas are small and asymptomatic.5 6 7 However, large hemangiomas are often clinically significant. Solitary hemangiomas are usually confined to one lobe but may extend throughout the entire liver. When hemangiomas . . .
Clearance of Fe59-labelled erythrocytes from normal and inflamed rabbit knee joints. II. Autoradiographic and histological studies.
Authors: K D Muirden, G Peace, K Rogers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

1 day after injection of labelled red cells.-Haematoxylin and eosin sections showed red cells mainly within folds of the membrane.Haemosiderin granules were not seen, Prussian blue stains were essentially negative, and autoradiographic sections failed to show significant counts above background on the two sides.It appeared that the macroscopic blood staining was due to surface cells and most had been washed away with the saline 630 copyright.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia—clinical management of 15 patients
Authors: Peter A. Daly, Charles A. Schiffer, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Fifteen patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were treated with anthracycline agents alone or combined with arabinosylcytosine (Ara C). Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was managed individually based on the presence of clinical as well as laboratory evidence of DIC. Ten patients received heparin. Eleven patients (73%) achieved complete remission (CR) but there were two early deaths from infection. The median duration of CR was 232 days (range, 41–780 days). Six patients were studied during ten relapses. In all cases, a morphologic picture more typical of acute myelocytic leukemia was seen during relapse but the DIC was similar in severity to that seen initially. Fever, without obvious infection and possibly due to the leukemic process, was a common presenting feature. Regenerating bone marrow aspirates in many patients who subsequently achieved CR without further treatment showed an inordinate number of promyelocytes, and this finding should not be immediately interpreted as disease resistant to therapy.
An Address ON MENDELIAN HEREDITY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAN: Delivered before the Neurological Society of London, on Thursday, February 1st, 1906
Authors: W. Bateson
Journal: BMJ (1906)

Identifiable cortical neurons were obtained from area 29c of rat cingulate cortex using enzymatic and mechanical dissociation techniques. Dissociated neurons were either analyzed morphologically with the electron microscope or processed autoradiographically to evaluate the distribution of specific 3H-propylbenzilylcholine mustard (PrBCM) binding. Ultrastructurally, neurons appeared healthy and contained a full complement of cytoplasmic organelles. Membranes were intact and no presynaptic endings adhered to cell bodies or dendrites. Dendritic spines were not observed in these dissociations and serial sections of identified neurons indicated that all dendritic processes were smooth. Receptor binding studies were conducted on small and medium-to-large pyramidal neurons and multipolar cells. Specific binding of PrBCM was determined by calculating the mean number of grains/10 micron somal perimeter or dendritic length and subtracting mean values from a matched series of neurons that were coincubated in atropine. Specific binding was to somata and dendrites of all neurons. Nonspecific binding was an average of 33% of total binding. A 2 X 2 factorial analysis of variance comparing total and nonspecific binding for pairs of processes indicated that there were no regional differences in dendritic binding, either by cell type or by order of dendritic branching. Both somatic and dendritic PrBCM binding was antagonized by pirenzepine (PZ); however, PZ appeared to be more effective at secondary dendritic, rather than at somatic and primary apical dendritic sites. Thus, the IC50 values for somata and primary apical dendrites of small pyramids were 6 X 10(-7) and 9 X 10(-7) M PZ, respectively, while that for secondary basal dendrites of the same neurons was 5.8 X 10(-8) M. Morphological and pharmacological results together suggest that (1) muscarinic receptors are present on the smooth surfaces of all pyramidal and multipolar neurons; (2) many of the binding sites are high affinity, PZ-sensitive, M1 receptors; and (3) this binding is associated with the postsynaptic specialization of symmetric, cholinergic synapses.
The Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Coronary Artery Vasoconstriction
Authors: Carole Amant, Martial Hamon, Christophe Bauters, Florence Richard, Nicole Helbecque, Eugène P McFadden, Xavier Escudero, Jean-Marc Lablanche, Philippe Amouyel, Michel E Bertrand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Fortification of Flour and Bread With Iron
Authors: Grace A. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Crosby has apparently misinterpreted statements made by the Council on Foods and Nutrition. The official position of the Council has not changed since it first endorsed the proposal for additional fortification of flour and bread with iron. The possibility of a potential hazard from excess iron has never been ignored. The Council has urged from the beginning that additional research be carried out to determine both the potential benefits and the potential hazards of iron fortification. Dr. Crosby's letter is not an objective evaluation of the Council's position. May I call to his attention the following statements from previous Council articles, letters, and editorials: In 1968 the Council stated: "In recent years attention has been given to the possible harmful effects of iron overload... further studies are urgently needed... to clarify further the availability of food iron and the actual dietary intake of the population and
866. Recombinant AAV 1, 2, 5, 8 and Chimeric 1/2-1/8 Serotypes Display Differential Transduction Efficiency after Delivery to Mouse Brain
Authors: Fabricio F. Costa, Marike Broekman, Stanley G. LeRoy, Laryssa A. Comer, Miguel Sena-Esteves
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gene transfer into neurons is a major goal for molecular genetic studies of the nervous system and for the development of gene therapies for several human neurological disorders. However, transduction efficiency in target cells is a major hurdle for gene delivery with a restricted region of transgene expression. With this respect, recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are highly efficient for gene transfer to the central nervous system (CNS). Several different rAAV serotypes have been described for gene delivery to the CNS but there are few comparative studies evaluating their distribution in the adult mouse brain. The aim of this work was to evaluate the transduction efficiency of different rAAV serotypes (AAVs 1, 2, 5, 8 and chimeric 1/2 - 1/8) by convection enhanced delivery (CED) to the mouse striatum. The AAV vectors used in this study, AAV-CBA-GFP-W, carries AAV2 ITRs, a hybrid CMV enhancer/chicken beta-actin promoter (CBA) to control transgene expression, a WPRE element, and a BGH polyA signal. All different serotyped vectors were produced by triple transient transfection of 293T cells, and purified using a discontinuous iodixanol gradient followed by anion exchange chromatography. One |[mu]|l of each virus stock (titers normalized to 1.7|[times]|1013 g.c./ml) was infused stereotaxically into the left striatum (coordinates from bregma: AP +0.5 mm; ML +2.0 mm; DV |[minus]|2.5 mm) of 6-8 weeks old nude mice by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) at 0.1 |[mu]|l.min-1. One month later mice were sacrificed and the brain analyzed for GFP expression. Preliminary analysis for the individual serotypes indicates that AAVs 1 and 8 are the most efficient in transduction within the striatum. Furthermore, we could verify GFP expression in other structures. On the other hand, AAVs 2 and 5 had a more limited distribution in the mouse striatum. We have also analyzed two different combinations of AAV serotypes displaying chimeric capsids and verified that AAV 1/8 is the most efficient in GFP transduction. Interestingly, AAV1/8 positive staining was verified throughout most of the striatum and in structures like the hippocampus. These results suggest that AAV1 and 8 serotypes alone are very efficient in brain transduction and this effect may be amplified if they are combined in a chimeric form (AAV 1/8). In conclusion, the differences observed here might be taken into account to develop novel gene transfer strategies for neurologic diseases.
Leukemia and Hypercalcemia
Authors: S. J. Kronfield, T. B. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

LEUKEMIA is rarely accompanied by hypercalcemia. There are three reports in the literature of an association of the two conditions.1 2 3 The present case is added with the intent of more firmly establishing leukemia in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemic states and, conversely, to suggest that hypercalcemia may be the main cause of symptoms in some cases of leukemia.Case ReportA 14-year-old boy had been well until November 26, 1963, when he experienced bilateral chest pain. On following day severe anorexia, nausea and vomiting developed. These symptoms persisted until admission 2 days later to a local hospital. Lethargy, pallor and . . .
Vascular effects of wine polyphenols
Authors: M DELLAGLI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Moderate consumption of red wine has been putatively associated with lowering the risk of developing coronary heart disease. This beneficial effect is mainly attributed to the occurrence of polyphenol compounds such as anthocyanosides (ACs), catechins, proanthocyanidins (PAs), stilbenes and other phenolics in red wine. This review focuses on the vascular effects of red wine polyphenols (RWPs), with emphasis on anthocyanosides and proanthocyanidins. From in vitro studies, the effect of red wine polyphenols on the vascular tone is thought to be due to short- and long-term mechanisms. NO-mediated vasorelaxation represents the short-term response to wine polyphenols, which exert the effect by increasing the influx of extracellular Ca(2+), and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) in endothelial cells. Polyphenolic compounds may also have long-term properties, as they increase endothelial NO synthase expression acting on the promoter activity. In addition, they decrease the expression of adhesion molecules and growth factors, involved in migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, they inhibit platelet aggregation. However, a paucity of data as regards the bioavailability and metabolism of these compounds in human studies is a limiting factor to proving their efficacy in vivo.
Viruses in Nondisinfected Drinking Water from Municipal Wells and Community Incidence of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness
Authors: Mark A. Borchardt, Susan K. Spencer, Burney A. Kieke, Elisabetta Lambertini, Frank J. Loge
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Groundwater supplies for drinking water are frequently contaminated with low levels of human enteric virus genomes, yet evidence for waterborne disease transmission is lacking.Objectives: We related quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)–measured enteric viruses in the tap water of 14 Wisconsin communities supplied by nondisinfected groundwater to acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) incidence.Methods: AGI incidence was estimated from health diaries completed weekly by households within each study community during four 12-week periods. Water samples were collected monthly from five to eight households per community. Viruses were measured by qPCR, and infectivity assessed by cell culture. AGI incidence was related to virus measures using Poisson regression with random effects.Results: Communities and time periods with the highest virus measures had correspondingly high AGI incidence. This association was particularly strong for norovirus genogroup I (NoV-GI) and between adult AGI and enteroviruses when echovirus serotypes predominated. At mean concentrations of 1 and 0.8 genomic copies/L of NoV-GI and enteroviruses, respectively, the AGI incidence rate ratios (i.e., relative risk) increased by 30%. Adenoviruses were common, but tap-water concentrations were low and not positively associated with AGI. The estimated fraction of AGI attributable to tap-water–borne viruses was between 6% and 22%, depending on the virus exposure–AGI incidence model selected, and could have been as high as 63% among children < 5 years of age during the period when NoV-GI was abundant in drinking water.Conclusions: The majority of groundwater-source public water systems in the United States produce water without disinfection, and our findings suggest that populations served by such systems may be exposed to waterborne viruses and consequent health risks.
Regulation of Presynaptic Neurotransmission by Macroautophagy
Authors: Daniela Hernandez, Ciara A. Torres, Wanda Setlik, Carolina Cebrián, Eugene V. Mosharov, Guomei Tang, Hsiao-Chun Cheng, Nikolai Kholodilov, Olga Yarygina, Robert E. Burke, Michael Gershon, David Sulzer
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Abstract 21: Stromal fibroblasts in breast carcinomas promote angiogenisis through Adrenomedullin (AM) secretion
Authors: Zohra Benyahia
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tumor stroma is an active part influencing the biological properties of malignancies via molecular cross-talk. Tumor- or cancer-associated fibroblasts (TAFs or CAFs) play a significant role in this interaction. These cells frequently express smooth muscle actin and can be classified as myofibroblasts. CAFs often constitute the majority of the stromal cells within a breast carcinoma. Adrenomedullin (AM), a multifunctional peptide, is highly expressed in several tumors and plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth through its receptors calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying protein-2 and -3 (CLR/RAMP2 and CLR/RAMP3). In this study, RT-QPCR showed the expression of AM and AM receptors mRNAs in CAFs and breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF7 and MDA 231). Immunostaining demonstrates the presence of immunoreactive AM in all the CAFs analyzed (n=15). AM activates MAP kinase pathway by inducing a phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 in both cell types suggesting a cross-talk between tumor cells and CAFs ensured by AM. In vivo, CAFs in Matrigel plugs induce angiogenesis by promoting recruitment of endothelial cells, pericytes, myeloid precursor cells and by promoting channel formation. AM and AM receptors neutralizing antibodies blocked neovascularisation of Matrigel plugs suggesting strongly that angiogenesis induced by CAFs into carcinoma are mediated in part by AM. Our findings indicate that CAFs within breast carcinomas may contribute to tumor promotion in part through the secretion of AM. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Zohra Benyahia. Stromal fibroblasts in breast carcinomas promote angiogenisis through Adrenomedullin (AM) secretion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 21. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-21
Tc-99m HMDP Uptake by the Kidney in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: KARAYALCIN BINNUR, GUNGOR FIRAT, TACOY SUKRAN, ERKILIC METIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Unusual renal accumulations of Tc-99m phytate and Tc-99m HMDP were observed in a patient with sickle cell anemia. Renal localization of both these radionuclides has not been reported previously in patients with sickle cell anemia.
Angiogenesis induced by human hepatocyte growth factor gene without nitric oxide synthesis in a rat ischemic hindlimb model
Authors: Makoto Ishizawa, Koji Ohmori, Takahisa Noma, Teppei Tsuji, Kazushi Murakami, Tsunetatsu Namba, Katsufumi Mizushige, Ryuichi Morishita, Yasufumi Kaneda, Masakazu Kohno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Lymphocyte adherence to myelinated tissue in multiple sclerosis.
Authors: P Dore-Duffy, V Goertz, B L Rothman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

A small subpopulation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes has the capacity to adhere selectively to myelinated sections of human and nonhuman brain tissue. Adherence of lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis is significantly greater than adherence of control lymphocytes. Monocytes inhibit binding in controls. This function appears to be lost by multiple sclerosis monocytes.
Focus on Keratotomy Results-Reply
Authors: Leo D. Bores
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  The points brought up by the writer are of interest, but do not alter the fact that the incidence of severe complications in the study of the 63 000 cases closely parallels the results reported in more formal studies, including the PERK study. 1-4 I am not convinced that the confidence interval as utilized in the PERK study is an accurate indicator of the predictability of this surgical procedure. Rather, it may be an indicator of the effectiveness of the procedure. Since no attempt was made in the PERK study to predict the outcome of this surgical procedure, it is circular to conclude from the PERK study that the surgery is unpredictable. A study of both Arrowsmith and Marks 5 and Dietz et al 6 finds no mention of confidence intervals. A discussion of this subject with the authors of these articles suggests that one should look at