tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AMA's Council on Scientific Affairs Takes a Fresh Look at Thermography
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE American Medical Association's (AMA's) Council on Scientific Affairs is rewriting its position from scratch on thermography, a safe but controversial test that measures skin temperature. Citation of the council's existing position paper on thermography by the New Jersey Supreme Court last August, in ordering insurers to pay for the test, incensed critics who say controlled trials show thermography to be a useless procedure that should not be used except in research. Even some advocates of the procedure say they are glad that the council is going to replace its somewhat ambiguous 1987 report, which was rejected by the AMA's House of Delegates that December. Delegates then adopted a resolution saying that there is no official AMA policy on thermography. Last December, House members adopted another resolution stating that thermography has not been demonstrated to have any value as a diagnostic test. The House told the Council on Scientific Affairs
Successful long-term program for controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units
Authors: Jean-Christophe Lucet, Xavier Paoletti, Isabelle Lolom, Catherine Paugam-Burtz, Jean-Louis Trouillet, Jean-François Timsit, Claude Deblangy, Antoine Andremont, Bernard Regnier
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2005)
Are clinical information systems safe?
Authors: M F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Safety critical certification ensures that a catastrophic failure cannot occur in the operation of a computer system. It is well established for computers that control nuclear reactors and aircraft. Certification is time consuming, bureaucratic, and expensive and relies on analysis rather than experiment. Most existing clinical information systems do not have safety critical certification and probably could not be certified retrospectively. As clinical information systems include those for patient administration, general practice, hospital information, and medical audit, the cost and disruption of safety critical certification could be enormous.

Nevertheless, some recent events have focused attention on this issue. The deaths caused by the Therac-25 radiation therapy machine provided an example of a computer system directly harming patients1 - a clear case for safety critical certification. Information systems, however, do not act directly on patients, and in theory patients should be protected from any form …
REPORT OF TWO CASES OF INFANTILE SCURVY.
Authors: ALICE M. STEEVES
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The history of scurvy dates back to 1589, when its most dreaded presence was among sailors and in the armies, where a plentiful supply of fresh meat, vegetables and water were unavoidably limited, and often absent altogether. Much suffering and not infrequently death have resulted from this disease, which has been classed by prominent writers among the diseases of the blood and nutrition. Scurvy, scorbutus, or Barlow's disease, so called because of the concise and efficient article published by Barlow of London about twenty-five years ago, and elaborated on in later years by Comby of Paris, is not confined to adults, and is equally serious when appearing in infancy or childhood. Bacteriologic causes have not been satisfactorily proven, and while it seems not unreasonable to believe that further investigation will throw some light on this side of the subject, and although the disease is declared uncommon by modern writers, yet
Spread of HCV infection in the naples area
Authors: G. Manzillo, H. Soscla, G. Da Villa, D. Guarnaccia, G. Malo, R. Gnarini, S. Buonocore, F. Fiorentino, R.De Sena, E. Manzillo, C. Sbreglia, P. De Simone
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
An Analysis of Signatures of Selective Sweeps in Natural Populations of the House Mouse
Authors: Sonja Ihle, Iary Ravaoarimanana, Meike Thomas, Diethard Tautz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Population and locus-specific reduction of variability of polymorphic loci could be an indication of positive selection at a linked site (selective sweep) and therefore point toward genes that have been involved in recent adaptations. Analysis of microsatellite variability offers a way to identify such regions and to ask whether they occur more often than expected by chance. We studied four populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus) to assess the frequency of such signatures of selective sweeps under natural conditions. Three samples represent the subspecies Mus m. dometicus [corrected] and came from Germany, France, and Cameroon. One sample came from Kazakhstan and constitutes a population of the subspecies Mus m. [corrected] musculus. Mitochondrial D-loop sequences from all animals confirm their respective assignments. Approximately 200 microsatellite loci were typed for up to 60 unrelated individuals from each population and evaluated for signs of selective sweeps on the basis of Schlötterer's ln RV and ln RH statistics. Our data suggest that there are slightly more signs of selective sweeps than would have been expected by chance alone in each of the populations and also highlights some of the statistical challenges faced in genome scans for detecting selection. Single-nucleotide polymorphism typing of one sweep signature in the M. m. domesticus populations around the beta-defensin 6 locus confirms a lowered nucleotide diversity in this region and limits the potential sweep region to about 20 kb. However, no amino acid exchange has occurred in the coding region when compared to M. m. musculus. If this sweep signature is due to a recent adaptation, it is expected that a regulatory change would have caused it. Our data provide a framework for conducting a systematic whole genome scan for signatures of selective sweeps in the mouse genome.
Referral Patterns for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Completely Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Farrah Kassam, Frances A. Shepherd, Michael Johnston, Antonio Visbal, Ronald Feld, Gail Darling, Shaf Keshavjee, Andrew Pierre, Thomas Waddell, Natasha B. Leighl
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ANXIETY REACTIONS
Authors: THOMAS H. HOLMES, HERBERT S. RIPLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

Inherent in man's biologic endowment is the need for homeostasis and the equipment for its maintenance. Assaults upon and threats to his physical and emotional integrity which upset this homeostasis provoke adaptive reactions intended to restore the equilibrium within the internal milieu of the body, and between the body's internal and external environment. Such reactions to life stress usually are manifested as alterations in behavior which may vary widely in degree, content, duration, and effectiveness. When sustained these reactions may be productive of discomfort and impairment of tissue integrity. Many of the illnesses experienced by man, then, may occur in large part as a byproduct of his attempts at adaptation.
Constant Low Dose Peanut Exposure of Peanut Allergic Mothers During Gestation and Lactation Prevents Peanut Induced Anaphylactic Reactions in Offspring in Mice
Authors: I LOPEZEXPOSITO, T ZHANG, K JARVINEN, K SRIVASTAVA, H SAMPSON, X LI
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Book: Y: The Descent of Men
Authors: F. Kavalier
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Steve Jones Little, Brown, £14.99, pp 256 ISBN 0 316 856150 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Steve Jones, professor of genetics at University College London, has achieved minor cult status in the world of popular science. His reputation as an amusing and fluent TV boffin led me to expect Y: The Descent of Men to be a ripping good yarn. I was disappointed, because it turned out to be an incongruous mixture of pop science, serious science, and tabloid trivia. It is a 260 page, brightly illuminated cornucopian essay on men, biology, penises, genetics, masculinity, and many other related topics. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Circadian variation of sudden cardiac death reflects age-related variability in ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: H R Arntz, S N Willich, M Oeff, T Brüggemann, R Stern, A Heinzmann, B Matenaer, R Schröder
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Previous studies report a morning peak in the occurrence of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death but lack detailed information on underlying arrhythmias. We used the documentation system of the semiautomated defibrillators used by emergency medical technicians to investigate the circadian pattern of defined arrhythmias and the influence of demographic patient characteristics on this pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS From December 1988 to December 1990, 703 consecutive patients (63% men; age, 67 +/- 17 years) with sudden cardiac death were registered in the Klinikum Steglitz area of the Berlin emergency care system. Determination of time of day of the event was based on the arrival time of the rescue squad. A marked circadian variation (P &lt; .0001) in the occurrence of sudden cardiac death was observed with a primary morning peak (6 AM to noon) and a secondary afternoon peak (3 to 7 PM). The subgroup of 294 patients with ventricular fibrillation as initially documented arrhythmia showed a similar circadian variation (P &lt; .0001). In significant contrast (P &lt; .01), patients with asystole (n = 260) or pulseless bradyarrhythmias (n = 149) were more evenly distributed during the daytime with a primary night trough. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the circadian pattern of ventricular fibrillation was similar in both gender groups but tended to differ with regard to age: patients older than 65 years demonstrated a monophasic distribution, whereas patients aged 65 years or less had a biphasic distribution with peaks in the morning and in the afternoon. CONCLUSIONS The circadian pattern of sudden cardiac death reflects primarily a circadian variation in onset of ventricular fibrillation. The different circadian patterns of ventricular fibrillation, pulseless bradyarrhythmias, and asystole suggest different pathophysiological mechanisms of causation of death. The age dependence of the pattern of ventricular fibrillation may indicate different underlying external or endogenous triggers.
HTLV-III Antibodies After Immune Globulin
Authors: Dennis Piszkiewicz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  In their recent letter, Wolfe et al 1 presented an analysis of the potential of a transient false-positive reaction on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) in recipients of immune globulin (IG) made from unscreened source material. Their analysis was limited to the case of intramuscular administration of a 5-mL dose of IG to US military personnel.  Two factors not included in the case analyzed by Wolfe et al can greatly increase the chance of observing a transient false-positive in the HTLV-III antibody test. The standard dose in the case presented by these authors, calculated on the basis of their assumptions, is 10 mg/kg. Intravenous (IV) IG therapy is often given at a dosage of 400 mg/kg. Consequently, a recipient of IV IG may have a serum titer of passively received antibodies that is 40 times greater than that
Constipation in early childhood: patient characteristics, treatment, and longterm follow up.
Authors: V Loening-Baucke
Journal: Gut (1993)

Little is known about chronic constipation in infants, toddlers, and preschool children and longterm outcome after treatment. The symptoms of 174 children < or = 4 years of age, who were evaluated for chronic constipation, are reported in this study together with the long-term outcome in 90 of them. Initial symptoms were infrequent bowel movements in 58%, painful bowel movements in 77% often with screaming, and severe stool withholding manoeuvres in 97%. The treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation consisted of education, faecal disimpaction, prevention of future impaction, and promotion of regular bowel habits with dietary fibre and milk of magnesia, and finally toilet training of the preschool child. Longterm outcome could be evaluated in 90 patients (52%) (mean (SD) 6.9 (2.7)) years after initial evaluation. Fifty seven children (63%) had recovered, defined as no soiling with > or = 3 bowel movements per week, while not receiving treatment. The recovery rate of children < or = 2 years of age was significantly higher than in children > 2 to 4 years of age. Thirty three children (37%) had not recovered. Constipation recurred as soon as laxatives were discontinued in 31 (94%) of them. Laxatives were still used by 33% of the children who had not recovered, 39% had < 3 bowel movements per week, 48% had faecal soiling, 45% had stool withholding, 27% complained of abdominal pain, 73% passed large stools, and 45% still on occasions clogged the toilet with their large stools. Symptoms of chronic constipation persisted in one third of our patients, 3-12 years after initial evaluation and treatment. Children who had not recovered deserve continued follow up, to reinforce and adjust treatment and to prevent faecal soiling.
Improving odds in the cancer lottery
Authors: I. M Peat
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Breast cancer is in the news again--October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month. The last time the topic was scrutinised by the media the publicity was mainly unfavourable--mismanagement, delayed diagnoses, and services not available or poorly coordinated, with wide national variation. This exposure of the “breast cancer lottery,” however--with additional lobbying from influential patient groups, charities, and the clinical oncology fraternity--has led to the Calman review of cancer services, and a working party is about to report on the organisation of specialist multidisciplinary breast cancer units designed to ensure equal access for all patients with the disease. Is the pace of change fast enough for the critics? I was dreading another round of horror stories detailing our mistakes and …
The Harveian Oration: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians of London on October 18th, 1899
Authors: G. V. Poore
Journal: BMJ (1899)

We meet upon the day dedicated by the Church to the memory of St. Luke, " the beloved ;physician," the medical companion of St. Paul.Without entering upon the vexed question of the precise identity of "Luke, the beloved physician," it may be well to dwell for a few moments on the condition of medicine in the first century.Of the state of medical knowledge at this time we are in no doubt.Of two of the best known ancient medical writers Celsus and Galen-one lived shortly before the Christian Era, and the other about I50 years after it.From their works, therefore, we are able to judge as to the probable attainments of a decently educated physician who lived at a period equidistant from both.Alexandria was at this time the chief centre of learning, in which every department of literature and natural knowledge was provided for.In this famous " teaching university " of the Ptolemies not only had all the wisdom of'the ancients been collected, but the students of mathemics, -physics, astronomy, geography, zoology, and medicine were furnished with all the practical' instruction possible.Anatomy, the groundwork of medicine, was in an advanced state, and was ORATION.
Evaluation of T- and NK-Cell-Targeted Therapies: Is There a Role for Rituximab Prophylaxis?
Authors: Richard F. Ambinder
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Splizimomab, an antibody that targets CD2, was studied in the treatment of T and natural killer cell lymphoma and was found to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferative disease. B cell depletion may provide a platform for further evaluation of this and other promising antibody approaches that result in T cell depletion.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND RISK STRATIFICATION AFTER ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY FOR CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE ON DIALYSIS
Authors: Shin Okamoto, Osamu iida, Masashi Fujita, Tetsuya Watanabe, Masaki Awata, Takayuki Ishihara, Tomoharu Dohi, Kiyonori Nanto, Takuma Iida, Tatsuya Shiraki, Masaaki Uematsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Role of the Capacitance and Resistance Vessels in Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, MORRIS STAMPFER, G. DAVID BEISER
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Withdrawal of sympathetic tone to the veins resulting in peripheral pooling of blood has been suggested as an important factor contributing to the decrease in cardiac output and hence arterial pressure that occurs during vasovagal syncope. However, no measurements of venous tone during syncope have been reported. In the course of other studies on the circulatory effects of negative pressure below the iliac crests, and 80° head-up tilt, vasovagal reactions occurred in 10 subjects. Heart rate, central venous pressure, arterial pressure, forearm blood flow, forearm vascular resistance, and forearm or hand venous tone were measured. The typical vasovagal reaction could be divided into two phases. A gradual fall in arterial pressure signified the onset of phase I, during which forearm vascular resistance did not change significantly. The duration of phase I was highly variable. The onset of phase II was denoted by an abrupt fall in arterial pressure and heart rate and a decrease of 62% in forearm vascular resistance, from 36 to 14 mm Hg/ml/100 g/min. However, venoconstriction rather than venodilatation occurred in the forearm or hand veins. Since central venous pressure did not change prior to or during the onset of the reaction, it is unlikely that venodilatation occurred in other vascular beds. It is concluded that two of the major mechanisms responsible for the hypotension of vasovagal syncope initiated by orthostasis or lower body negative pressure are bradycardia and dilatation of the resistance vessels. In contrast, it appears that the venous bed, by constricting, tends to maintain filling pressure and thereby cardiac output, and thus works in an opposite direction.
HIV infection and AIDS in newborn babies of mothers positive for HIV antibody.
Authors: A E Semprini, A Vucetich, G Pardi, M M Cossu
Journal: BMJ (1987)

2/3 of the reported cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children have no risk factor except a mother belonging to a group with an increased prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There is evidence of transplacental passage of the virus during early and late gestation, but the incidence of fetal and neonatal infection in newborn babies of seropositive mothers has not yet been determined. This article presents the clinical and serological outcome of 24 babies aged 6 months born to mothers who were drug addicts and positive for HIV antibodies. At 6 months 12 babies were seropositive and 12 seronegative. 1 seropositive baby died of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at 4 months, and another was diagnosed as suffering from AIDS related complex at the age of 3 months. All the other babies thrived, the results of their follow up being entirely normal. These 2 cases indicate that early morbidity and mortality are a severe problem, but their incidence seems to be restricted to about 10% of the offspring. Unfortunately, nothing can yet be said about long term morbidity and mortality. Cesarean section does not seem to protect the fetus from infection. These data may be helpful in counselling seropositive women before or in early gestation, as they suggest that the risk of fetal infection and severe postnatal morbidity is high. Unfavorable perinatal outcome, usually associated with drug addiction, was similar in seropositive and seronegative women: a detrimental effect of the virus in this regard was not evident.
Medical Licensing Requirements
Authors: Arthur M. Osteen
Journal: JAMA (1987)

While there are differences among the licensing jurisdictions in regard to the details of licensing, in general boards require applicants to have graduated from an acceptable school, to have completed a period of residency training in the United States or Canada, and to pass an acceptable licensing examination. Applicants for licensure should seek information about the detailed requirements for licensure from the licensing board where they want to be licensed. Medical graduates who are being licensed through FLEX should keep in mind that later applications for licensure by endorsement will depend on fulfilling acceptable licensing requirements in connection with initial licensure. Thus, graduates should be informed in general of licensing requirements at the time of initial licensure. The annual AMA licensing publication, cited previously, is a good source of information of this kind. Boards are increasing the length of graduate medical education required for licensure at present; they are also adding to the requirements for endorsement of licenses, for instance, setting limits to the number of years a licensing examination will be accepted for licensure endorsement. The AMA will continue its efforts to provide information about licensing requirements and to adopt policy positions in regard to licensing that will serve the interests of the medical profession while protecting the health and welfare of the American public.
Improving outcomes in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: trend data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2
Authors: A.J. Tiefenbrunn, N. Every, S.R. Pirzada, W.J. French, W.D. Weaver, W.J. Rogers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Palmoplantar and perioroficial keratoderma with corneal epithelial dysplasia: a new syndrome
Authors: M.R. JUDGE, K.M. SCH, P. WRIGHT, J.I. HARPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

A case is reported of a male infant with congenital palmoplantar keratoderma and nail dystrophy who developed progressive perioral and perineal keratoderma. In addition, bilateral corneal epithelial dysplasia led to severe corneal scarring and impairment of vision. This syndrome has not been previously described.
Multiple loci on 8q24 associated with prostate cancer susceptibility
Authors: Ali Amin Al Olama, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Graham G Giles, Michelle Guy, Jonathan Morrison, Gianluca Severi, Daniel A Leongamornlert, Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, Sameer Jhavar, Ed Saunders, John L Hopper, Melissa C Southey, Kenneth R Muir, Dallas R English, David P Dearnaley, Audrey T Ardern-Jones, Amanda L Hall, Lynne T O'Brien, Rosemary A Wilkinson, Emma Sawyer, Artitaya Lophatananon, Alan Horwich, Robert A Huddart, Vincent S Khoo, Christopher C Parker, Christopher J Woodhouse, Alan Thompson, Tim Christmas, Chris Ogden, Colin Cooper, Jenny L Donovan, Freddie C Hamdy, David E Neal, Rosalind A Eeles, Douglas F Easton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
TCT-88 The Clinical Outcomes of Peri-contrast Staining (PSS) after Second Generation DES Implantation
Authors: Takahiro Tokuda, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Yoshiaki Ito, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Motoharu Araki, Norihiro Kobayashi, Hideyuki Takimura, Yasunari Sakamoto, Shinsuke Mori, Masakazu Tsutsumi, Hiroya Takafuji
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)