tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pseudohookworm Infection — Trichostrongyliasis
Authors: Edward K. Markell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

TRICHOSTRONGYLUS infection, formerly rare in this country, is now encountered with some regularity. All cases are thought to have been introduced from other regions. Common in Korea and adjacent areas, as well as the Near East, these nematodes produce eggs easily confused with those of hookworms. Three cases recently seen (two in patients referred with a diagnosis of hookworm infection) are reported to call attention to this parasite, to describe the differences between its ova and those of hookworm and to document the efficacy of thiabendazole† in its treatment.Case ReportsCase 1. A 23-year-old Korean-born woman, resident in the . . .
The burden of air pollution: impacts among racial minorities.
Authors: R C Gwynn, G D Thurston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Various epidemiologic investigations have shown that ambient air pollution levels are associated with acute increases in hospital admissions and mortality in the United States and abroad. The objectives of this investigation were a) to determine if racial minorities are more adversely affected by ambient air pollution than their white counterparts and b) to assess the contribution of socioeconomic status to any observed racial differences in pollution effect. Time-series regression methods were conducted to investigate these hypotheses for daily respiratory hospital admissions in New York City, New York. Pollutants considered included mean daily levels of particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microm (PM(10), ozone (O3), strong aerosol acidity (H+), and sulfates (SO4(2). The relative risk for respiratory hospital admission was calculated for each pollutant for a maximum minus mean increment in mean daily pollutant concentration. The greatest difference between the white and nonwhite subgroups was observed for O(3), where the white relative risk (RR) was 1.032 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.977-1.089] and the nonwhite RR was 1.122 (95%CI: 1.074-1.172). Although not statistically different from each other, the various pollutants' RR estimates for the Hispanic nonwhite category in New York City were generally larger in magnitude than those for the non-Hispanic white group. When these analyses incorporated differences in the underlying respiratory hospitalization rates across races (that for nonwhites, was roughly twice that for whites), the disparities in attributable risks from pollution (in terms of excess admissions per day per million persons) were even larger for nonwhites versus whites. However, when insurance status was used as an indicator of socioeconomic/health coverage status, higher RRs were indicated for the poor/working poor (i.e., those on Medicaid and the uninsured) than for those who were economically better off (i.e., the privately insured), even among non-Hispanic whites. Thus, although potential racial differences in pollution exposures could not be explored as a factor, within-race analyses suggested that most of the apparent differences in air pollutant effects found across races were explained by socioeconomic and/or health care disparities.
Platelet activation and hypercoagulability following treatment with porcine factor VIII (HYATE:C)
Authors: J. Freedman, M. Mody, A.H. Lazarus, L. Dewar, S. Song, V.S. Blanchette, M.B. Garvey, F.A. Ofosu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Activation of platelets and coagulation in vivo was studied in nine patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors to human Factor VIII, prior to and following treatment with porcine Factor VIII (PFVIII; HYATE:C). In addition, six hemophiliac patients were similarly studied after treatment with recombinant Factor VIII (rFVIII). Platelet activation was also examined in vitro using porcine von Willebrand factor (PvWF)‐enriched and PvWF‐depleted fractions obtained by fractionation of PFVIII. Coagulation was assessed by measuring the concentrations of plasma prothrombin fragment 1+2 concentrations (prothrombinase generation) and Factor Xa‐ATIII. Patients treated with PFVIII had significantly increased numbers of circulating platelets expressing CD62 and CD63 (markers of platelet activation) and annexin V (marker of platelet procoagulant activity) compared to patients treated with rFVIII; the former patients also demonstrated an increase in plasma coagulability after therapy. In in vitro experiments it was observed that the platelet‐activating and procoagulant capacity of PFVIII resided in the PvWF‐enriched fraction, and the same was true for the plasma hypercoagulability following exposure of platelets to PFVIII. These results support the hypothesis that PFVIII‐induced platelet activation provides a mechanism for enhancing hemostasis, separate from, and additional to, that due to increased circulating Factor VIII, and it is due to residual PvWF in the PFVIII preparation. Am. J. Hematol. 69:192–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indications for Cardiac Pacing in Patients With Bradyarrhythmias
Authors: Anil K. Bhandari
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The past decade has witnessed a rapid increase in the use of pacemakers. In 1981, an estimated 118,000 pacemakers were implanted in patients in the United States.<sup>1</sup>There is a concern that the use of pacemakers may be "excessive"; however, this theory has not been objectively documented. In the current issue ofThe Journal, a self-appointed committee<sup>2</sup>has outlined criteria for permanent cardiac pacing in the treatment of bradyarrhythmias. This report is timely and merits careful reading. Although most of the recommendations made by Phibbs et al<sup>2</sup>would meet with general approval, others need additional appraisal. It should be recognized that the report does not evaluate (1) the role of cardiac pacing in the treatment of tachyarrhythmias,<sup>3</sup>(2) the role of temporary pacing, or (3) the special problems of bradyarrhythmias in patients with an acute myocardial infarction.<sup>4</sup> In many clinical situations, the indications for permanent
SULFONAMIDE RESISTANCE DEVELOPING DURING TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCIC ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: Morton Hamburger
Journal: JAMA (1942)

An important question raised by recent investigations of the sulfonamide drugs concerns the development of sulfonamide-resistant organisms during treatment of clinical infections. Experimental studies, both in vivo and in vitro, 1 have shown conclusively that sulfonamide-sensitive pneumococci can be readily converted into organisms that are highly resistant to these drugs. Available reports 2 suggest that this may also occur during use of the sulfonamides in treating human infections.  During a study of the clinical aspects of this problem in our laboratories a case of pneumococcic endocarditis was encountered which proved to be of special interest. The pneumococci isolated from this case at progressive intervals during treatment showed as great a change in sulfonamide sensitivity as has been produced experimentally 1 and a greater change than has been reported in any clinical case heretofore. 2 The observations on this case are summarized here.  REPORT OF CASE  History.—  A Negro woman
Rejuvex for Postmenopausal Symptoms
Authors: Varro E. Tyler
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention of platelet-rich arterial thrombosis by selective thrombin inhibition.
Authors: I K Jang, H K Gold, A A Ziskind, R C Leinbach, J T Fallon, D Collen
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The effect of heparin and of the synthetic competitive thrombin inhibitor (2R,4R)-4-methyl-1-[N2-(3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinesulfon yl)-L-arginyl]-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid monohydrate (argatroban) on platelet-rich arterial thrombosis was studied in a rabbit model, consisting of a 4-6-mm everted ("inside-out") femoral arterial segment. Intravenous injection of heparin (200 units/kg) failed to prevent occlusion within 60 minutes in all 10 rabbits, whereas intravenous argatroban infusion at a rate of 100 or 200 micrograms/kg/min for 60 minutes, which prolonged the thrombin time more than fourfold, prevented thrombosis in nine of 13 rabbits (p = 0.002 vs. i.v. heparin). Intra-arterial infusion of 200 units/kg heparin over 60 minutes prevented occlusion in six of nine rabbits (p = 0.003 vs. i.v. heparin), whereas intra-arterial argatroban at a rate of 100 micrograms/kg/min for 60 minutes prevented thrombosis in all 10 rabbits (p = 0.00001 vs. i.v. heparin). Patency of femoral arterial segments was maintained after the end of the intra-arterial heparin and intravenous or intra-arterial argatroban infusion for up to 3 hours despite normalization of the thrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. Pathologic examination of the graft revealed that the inverted adventitial surface was covered by layers of platelets without platelet aggregation or fibrin deposition. These findings indicate that thrombin plays an important role in platelet-rich arterial thrombosis, and that the thrombogenic stimulus is rapidly attenuated by short-term infusion of the synthetic thrombin inhibitor. Selective thrombin inhibition can constitute an alternative approach to the prevention of arterial occlusion after angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy in patients with unstable coronary syndromes.
Rat hepatocyte spheroids formed by rocked technique maintain differentiated hepatocyte gene expression and function
Authors: Colleen M. Brophy, Jennifer L. Luebke-Wheeler, Bruce P. Amiot, Harris Khan, Rory P. Remmel, Piero Rinaldo, Scott L. Nyberg
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract The culture of primary hepatocytes as spheroids creates an efficient three-dimensional tissue construct for hepatic studies in vitro . Spheroids possess structural polarity and functional bile canaliculi with normal differentiated function. Thus, hepatocyte spheroids have been proposed as the cell source in a variety of diagnostic, discovery, and therapeutic applications, such as a bioartificial liver. Using a novel rocking technique to induce spheroid formation, kinetics of spheroid formation, cell-cell adhesion, gene expression, and biochemical activities of rat hepatocyte spheroids were tested over 14 days of culture. Evidence was provided that the formation of spheroids occurred faster and with fewer nonadherent hepatocytes in rocked suspension culture compared to a traditional rotational system. Hepatocyte spheroids in rocked culture showed stable expression of more than 80% of 242 liver-related genes including those of albumin synthesis, urea cycle, phase I and II metabolic enzymes, and clotting factors. Biochemical activity of rocked spheroid hepatocytes was superior to monolayer culture of hepatocytes on tissue culture plastic and collagen. Conclusion: Spheroid formation by rocker technique was more rapid and more efficient than by rotational technique. Rocker-formed spheroids appear suitable for application in a bioartificial liver or as an in vitro liver tissue construct. (Hepatology 2009.)
World's health sector shows job gains--for now
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The health sector was one of the few to show a rise in employment last year in the midst of the worst global recession in 80 years, says a report from the International Labour Organization.

A survey of 56 rich and developing nations found that more than 1.6 million jobs were added to the health sector in the third quarter of 2009, up by about 3% from the same quarter in the previous year.

In the same period more than 20 million jobs were lost overall. Manufacturing was the hardest hit, with the loss of 9.4 million jobs, a decline of 8%.

Julia Lear, health sector …
MALARIA AND THE CAUSATION OF INTERMITTENT FEVER.Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine, Materia Medica and Physiology at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: HENRY B. BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Dr. Tommasi-Crudeli and others have claimed that intermittent fever is caused by a bacillus. Drs. Laveran, Osier, Council and others have proved, to their own satisfaction at least, that intermittent fever is caused by a microscopic hæmatozoön. At the meeting of the American Medical Association in Cincinnati, in May, 1888, I presented what I then considered and still consider to be incontrovertible evidence that intermittent fever is caused by exposure to changes of atmospheric temperature,—that, ordinarily, its causation is quantitatively related to, and apparently controlled by the range of atmospheric temperature. It seems to me that both these lines of evidence, which appear to be so divergent, may be true. I feel sure that my own line is. And I have very great confidence in those who have presented the other line of evidence in which they are expert. Therefore, although those who have held the germ theory of the
Expression of CD117 by proerythroblasts
Authors: Barbara J. Bain, E. Mary Thompson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

CD117 identifies KIT, the receptor for stem cell factor.This antigen is expressed by hemopoietic stem cells and by early myeloid cells including leukemic myeloblasts.The trephine biopsy of this patient, with severe hemolytic anemia, is a useful reminder that expression is also seen in proerythroblasts.Left Image shows a trephine biopsy section stained with hematoxylin and eosin (503 objective); there is striking erythroid hyperplasia with proerythroblasts being readily detected.Right Image shows immunohistochemistry for CD117 (immunoperoxidase using a polyclonal antibody, 503 objective).Proerythroblasts, identified by their large size and their linear nucleoli, are expressing CD117.Some smaller cells, possibly early (basophilic) erythroblasts are also positive.CD117 is also expressed on mast cells but they are unlikely to be confused with myeloblasts.However, it is important to remember that early erythroid cells, like early cells of the granulocytes lineages, are CD117 positive and must be distinguished from blast cells.
Michael John Glavina
Authors: I. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Medical researcher who pioneered the controlled clinical trial as a gold standard and who demonstrated the efficacy of streptomycin as a treatment for tuberculosisIn a long career-he lived to 106 and worked until he was 102-Philip D'Arcy Hart showed that pneumoconiosis was an industrial disease for which sufferers should receive compensation.In a landmark controlled clinical trial with Sir Austin Bradford Hill, Hart showed that streptomycin, then newly discovered, cured tuberculosis.In 1965 he was made a CBE for this work.He did other major epidemiology, retired at 65, and spent the next 37 years making fundamental advances on the pathogenesis of tubercle bacilli.
Septic and Crystalline Joint Disease
Authors: John H. McConville
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Bacteria and crystals were simultaneously recovered from the synovial fluid of two patients with acutely inflamed joints. The bacteria were initially identified on Gram stain and subsequently grown on supplemented peptone broth, and the crystals were readily identified by polarizing microscopy. Although cause-and-effect relationship between these two types of arthritis cannot be established, the need for thorough examination of synovial fluid is evident.
Environmentally friendly disposal of the dead
Authors: I. Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Funeral practices are succumbing to environmental concerns. Most bodies are either buried or burnt. With the proliferation of our species both methods have become problematic.

In ecological terms burial is environmentally friendly because it recycles the dead on an organic level, feeding worms and arthropods. But burial needs space and is therefore expensive. There is also the environmental risk of contaminating the water table. …
Ports in a Storm
Authors: Dinesh C. Sharma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In many parts of the world, shipping-related emissions have already exceeded or are expected to soon exceed those from land-based sources. Shipping emissions can be reduced substantially by using some of the same technologies being applied to land-based sources, including cleaner engines and fuels, exhaust control methods, and operational modifications. Various ports are testing the feasibility of these mechanisms with varying degrees of success. What is perhaps most greatly needed is expedited creation of better regulations at all levels, from the International Maritime Organization to port city authorities.
Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome: Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: A. E. BOYD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Tests of prolactin regulation in the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome were compared in 18 patients with normal pituitary fossae, seven patients with prolactin-secreting adenomas, and eight normal women. Mean basal prolactin was highest in patients with adenomas and was elevated in those with normal fossae when compared with normal subjects (278 versus 73 versus 10.2 ng/ml). Levodopa, water loading, or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone testing were of no predictive value in the diagnosis of adenoma. Some patients with adenomas show a greater prolactin response after administration of thyrotrophin hormone-releasing hormone (TRH) than of chlorpromazine, whereas these responses are usually similar in patients with normal fossae. A mean basal prolactin level above 150 ng/ml or an increase of more than 100 ng/ml after TRH administration in a patient with hyperprolactinemia unresponsive to chlorpromazine stimulation strongly suggests a prolactin-secreting tumor. However, because some patients with tumor have prolactin levels below 150 ng/ml, or do not respond to TRH stimulation, or both, functional studies alone cannot permit the diagnosis of all adenomas before the appearance of radiographic changes.
Both resistance training and aerobic training reduce hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetic subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (the RAED2 randomized trial)
Authors: Elisabetta Bacchi, Carlo Negri, Giovanni Targher, Niccolò Faccioli, Massimo Lanza, Giacomo Zoppini, Elisabetta Zanolin, Federico Schena, Enzo Bonora, Paolo Moghetti
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Although lifestyle interventions are considered the first-line therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is extremely common in people with type 2 diabetes, no intervention studies have compared the effects of aerobic (AER) or resistance (RES) training on hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetic subjects with NAFLD. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared the 4-month effects of either AER or RES training on insulin sensitivity (by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp), body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), as well as hepatic fat content and visceral (VAT), superficial (SSAT), and deep (DSAT) subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (all quantified by an in-opposed-phase magnetic resonance imaging technique) in 31 sedentary adults with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. After training, hepatic fat content was markedly reduced ( P &lt; 0.001), to a similar extent, in both the AER and the RES training groups (mean relative reduction from baseline [95% confidence interval] −32.8% [−58.20 to −7.52] versus −25.9% [−50.92 to −0.94], respectively). Additionally, hepatic steatosis (defined as hepatic fat content &gt;5.56%) disappeared in about one-quarter of the patients in each intervention group (23.1% in the AER group and 23.5% in the RES group). Insulin sensitivity during euglycemic clamp was increased, whereas total body fat mass, VAT, SSAT, and hemoglobin A1c were reduced comparably in both intervention groups. Conclusion : This is the first randomized controlled study to demonstrate that resistance training and aerobic training are equally effective in reducing hepatic fat content among type 2 diabetic patients with NAFLD. (Hepatology 2013;58:1287–1295)
Linkage between a new splicing site mutation in theMDR3 aliasABCB4 gene and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Gudrun Schneider, Teresa C. Paus, Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick, Peter J. Meier, Thomas F. Wienker, Thomas Lang, Patricia van de Vondel, Tilman Sauerbruch, Christoph Reichel
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is defined as pruritus and elevated bile acid serum concentrations in late pregnancy. Splicing mutations have been described in the multidrug resistance p-glycoprotein 3 (MDR3, ABCB4) gene in up to 20% of ICP women. Pedigrees studied were not large enough for linkage analysis. Ninety-seven family members of a woman with proven ICP were asked about pruritus in earlier pregnancies, birth complications and symptomatic gallstone disease. The familial cholestasis type 1 (FIC1, ATP8B1) gene, bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11) and MDR3 gene were analyzed in 55 relatives. We identified a dominant mode of inheritance with female restricted expression and a new intronic MDR3 mutation c.3486+5G>A resulting in a 54 bp (3465-3518) inframe deletion via cryptic splicing site activation. Linkage analysis of the ICP trait versus this intragenic MDR3 variant yielded a LOD score of 2.48. A Bayesian analysis involving MDR3, BSEP, FIC1 and an unknown locus gave a posterior probability of >0.9966 in favor of MDR3 as causative ICP locus. During the episode of ICP the median gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activity was 10 U/l (95% CI, 6.9 to 14.7 U/l) in the index woman. Four stillbirths were reported in seven heterozygous women (22 pregnancies) and none in five women (14 pregnancies) without MDR3 mutation. Symptomatic gallstone disease was more prevalent in heterozygous relatives (7/21) than in relatives without the mutation (1/34), (P = 0.00341).This study demonstrates that splicing mutations in the MDR3 gene can cause ICP with normal gamma-GT and may be associated with stillbirths and gallstone disease.
Proclorperazine for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in Patients with Advanced Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases
Authors: G. Smithy, F. Homburger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN patients with advanced cancer and other debilitating chronic diseases nausea and vomiting appear frequently, and often for no obvious reason. These are trying and exhausting complications. Effective antiemetic agents are therefore valuable adjuncts in the care of such patients.Proclorperazine has been described as a more effective agent than other members of the phenothiazine series currently in use.1 Its value in chronically ill patients with nausea and vomiting has accordingly been investigated, to compare its performance with our experiences obtained with other drugs.2 Plan of StudyForty unselected patients with nausea or vomiting, or both, were included in this . . .