tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5339: Inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation and unique epitope recognition by EpCAM-specific human monoclonal antibody adecatumumab
Authors: Markus Münz, Alexander Murr, Majk Kvesic, Doris Rau, Susanne Mangold, Stefan Pflanz, John Lumsden, Jörg Volkland, Jan Fagerberg, Gert Riethmüller, Dominik Rüttinger, Peter Kufer, Patrick A. Baeuerle, Tobias Raum
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM; CD326) is frequently and highly expressed on a wide variety of human carcinomas. The emerging role of EpCAM as a signalling receptor and activator of the wnt pathway, and its expression on tumor-initiating cells, further add to its attractiveness as target for immunotherapy of cancer. Thus far, five conventional monoclonal IgG antibodies have been tested in cancer patients for safety and anti-tumor activity. These are murine IgG2a edrecolomab and its murine/human chimeric IgG1 antibody version, and humanized, human-engineered and fully human IgG1 antibodies 3622W94, ING-1, and adecatumumab (MT201), respectively. We have recombinantly produced all antibodies but murine edrecolomab in Chinese hamster ovary cells and investigated all five antibodies for their binding affinity, EpCAM epitope recognition, antibody-dependent cellular (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. ING-1 and 3622W94 bound to recombinant EpCAM with much higher affinity than adecatumumab and edrecolomab, which was largely determined by slower off-rates. Edrecolomab, ING-1, and 3622W94 all recognized epitopes in the exon 2-encoded, N-terminal domain of EpCAM, while adecatumumab recognized a more membrane proximal epitope encoded by exon 5. All antibodies induced lysis of EpCAM-expressing human cancer cell lines by both ADCC and CDC with potencies that correlated with their binding affinities for recombinant EpCAM. The chimeric version of edrecolomab with a human Fcγ1 domain was much more potent in ADCC with human effector cells than the murine IgG2a version of the antibody. Of the five antibodies, only adecatumumab showed a significant inhibition of MCF7 breast cancer cell proliferation in the absence of complement and immune cells. A moderate binding affinity and recognition of a distinct domain of EpCAM may best explain why adecatumumab showed a larger therapeutic window in cancer patients than the two high-affinity IgG1 antibodies ING-1 and 3622W94, both of which caused acute pancreatitis. Adecatumumab emerges as an anti-EpCAM antibody with unique characteristics and biological activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5339.
TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST BY RADIUM EMANATION
Authors: H. S. Souttar
Journal: BMJ (1933)

infancy.Not many cases make a complete recovery from a severe attack.Robb" gives the proportion as 8.8 per cent., but a certain percentage more had only a slight change mentally and nervously.However, a large proportion of cases which have encephalitis lethargica are permanently and severely damaged.Pathologically there may be no naked-eye lesions.In the acute stage microscopical lesions are diffuse, and tend to be in the basal nuclei, the cerebrum, and mid-brain, especially the latter.Occasionally they are in the cortex cerebri, pons, medulla, and posterior cornua of the cord.They are not in the anterior cornua.Later the typical cuffing appearance is seen round the perivascular lym- phatic spaces.There is a similarity between the dis- temper and epidemic encephalitis.This is discussed by Pugh'4 and in articles in the Lancet."sIn the distemper cases there was sleepiness, hiccup, and ocular palsies, and there were similar " cuff " lesions in the brain.This is an argument in favour of the encephalitis syndrome being caused by more than one virus, aild might even sulpport the idea that encephalitis lethargica is really a variety of influenza.Treatmiient consists in alleviating distress, providing rest to the nervous tissues, and aiding t-he elimination of toxins.Lumbar puncture may relieve pressure, and various chemical drugs can be given intravenously.Belladonna and hyoscine may be useful in the later stages, and for sequelae, but they are not so important for the acute stages.For sequelae trypan-blue is the latest drug recommended.'6Vaccines have been tried,'7 and the serum of convalescents is, as with other virus diseases, perhaps the most likely method of affording some im- mnediate action on the disease and its acute stages.Up to the present, however, this does not appear to have been tried to any extent. EXANTHEMATAL ENCEPHALITISThis may follow an acute infectious disease, especially measles.Encephalitis of measles is often severe in effect at first, but tends to clear lip and leave no bad-effects.Oni patient of mine, a child of 8 years, developed encephal- itis after measles.She became unlconscious, had a high temiperature, and a cerebro-spinal fluid under pressure, but with onily a very moderate cell increase.The optic disks weore normal, and there were no signs of other disease; She remained " blind " and semiconscious for some seven or eight clays, and then slowly improved and made a complete recovery.Pathologically there are perivascular zones o fdemyelination in the brain and cord in fatal cases, and the lesion is very like that of vaccinial encephalitis."8Measles does not seem to produce such severe after-effects as do the neurotropic virus diseases.It may not be a true in- flammatory process, but rather a toxic condition.Acute toxic encephalitis may occur in diphtheria.'9
PHILIPPINE CUSTOMS AND HABITS.
Authors: J. C. MINOR
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In the next decade there will be as great changes in the Filipino medical world as there will, doubtless, be in the civil government of these possessions. A record of a few of the things that are, may for comparison in some time to come be pleasant to remember, if not interesting now. There are many customs among these people that have a naturalness about them that is refreshing, others that are deplorable, and others yet that so squint both ways that it is a pertinent question to ask: Who knows which is right? To the eye that sees in nature God's best gift—health, nothing can be more pleasing than the customary dress of the women of the Philippines. From the artists' standpoint beautiful; from that of the sociologist unchangeable; and from the standpoint of the sanitarian healthful and therefore faultless. No modiste of society's chameleon-like world has fashioned for
Doctors should report knife wounds even if it breaches patient confidentiality, say police
Authors: Richard Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Staff at UK hospitals should tell police when patients present with serious knife wounds even if this is against the patient’s wishes, says a senior police officer.

Alfred Hitchcock, the acting assistant commissioner for London’s Metropolitan Police and the Association of Chief Police Officers’ national lead officer for knife related crime, made the request on the Channel 4 News programme. His call came after a fresh spate of violence in England among teenagers and young adults over the late May bank holiday weekend, which included several knife attacks and the fatal stabbing of an 18 year old man.

“If there are knife wounds that are clearly inflicted as a result of a serious incident …
Points: Effects of sodium valproate with special reference to weight
Authors: D Chakraborti
Journal: BMJ (1981)

question about the distinction between a Down's syndrome baby aged 1 week and a fetus of 20 weeks' gestation (28 November, p 1464) has, I think, an answer in a recent article by the legal correspondent of the Lancet.'Killing a baby of 1 week is illegal because in English law it is held to be a "living being" in a way that a fetus of 20 weeks is not (despite the fact that a fetus, or zygote, is even more distinctly alive than most living human tissue and has unique potential).The baby is capable of an independent existence, and so, of course, potentially is a fetus of 28 weeks or more (or perhaps 24 weeks, as discussed recently).Its independence exists even though (as Diana Brahams points out') it may be attached to its mother by the umbilical cord, and obviously is almost totally dependant on it for food....
Blood Pressure and the Risk of Developing Diabetes in African Americans and Whites
Authors: Gina S. Wei, Sean A. Coady, David C. Goff, Frederick L. Brancati, Daniel Levy, Elizabeth Selvin, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Caroline S. Fox
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We examined the association between high blood pressure and incident type 2 diabetes in African Americans and whites aged 35-54 years at baseline.We combined data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, and the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort. Overall, 10,893 participants (57% women; 23% African American) were categorized by baseline blood pressure (normal, prehypertension, hypertension) and examined for incident diabetes (median follow-up 8.9 years).Overall, 14.6% of African Americans and 7.9% of whites developed diabetes. Age-adjusted incidence was increasingly higher across increasing blood pressure groups (P values for trend: <0.05 for African American men; <0.001 for other race-sex groups). After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, prehypertension or hypertension (compared with normal blood pressure) was associated with greater risks of diabetes in whites (hazard ratio [HR] for prehypertension: 1.32 [95% CI 1.09-1.61]; for hypertension: 1.25 [1.03-1.53]), but not African Americans (HR for prehypertension: 0.86 [0.63-1.17]; for hypertension: 0.92 [0.70-1.21]). HRs for developing diabetes among normotensive, prehypertensive, and hypertensive African Americans versus normotensive whites were: 2.75, 2.28, and 2.36, respectively (P values <0.001).In African Americans, higher diabetes incidence among hypertensive individuals may be explained by BMI, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol. In whites, prehypertension and hypertension are associated with greater risk of diabetes, beyond that explained by other risk factors. African Americans, regardless of blood pressure, have greater risks of developing diabetes than whites.
Increased calcium content at the target lesion site as identified by electron beam computed tomography predisposes to higher restenosis rates following coronary interventions
Authors: D. Baumgart, S. Möhlenkamp, M. Haude, M. Sandner, G. Gorge, J. Ge, D. Welge, F. Liu, R. Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Implementing the Report of the National Advisory Commission on Health Manpower
Authors: William H. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1969)

What has been accomplished since and because of the Report of the National Advisory Commission on Health Manpower is a far cry from the needs that the commission identified or the remedies it proposed. But then, a commission's reach should exceed its grasp, or what is a report for? In May of 1967 when President Johnson formed the commission he directed it to "develop appropriate recommendations for action by government or by private institutions, organizations, or individuals for improving the availability and utilization of health manpower." There is no doubt that the commission did what the President asked it to do. It made more than 50 recommendations for measures and programs concerned not only with health manpower per se, but also with the organization and delivery of health services, improving the quality of health care, and making more efficient this country's health care systems and institutions. Clearly all of these
Radiography as primary outcome in rheumatoid arthritis: acceptable sample sizes for trials with 3 months' follow up
Authors: K Bruynesteyn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objectives:</b> To investigate whether plain radiographs can show changes in joint damage due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) within 3 months. <b>Methods:</b> 188 film pairs taken with a 3 month interval were evaluated. They were scored with (chronological) and without (paired) knowledge of the sequence of the films according to the Sharp/van der Heijde method. Changes in joint damage were analysed on a group and an individual level for different subsets of patients. Sample sizes required to detect statistically and clinically significant differences were estimated based on the percentages of patients with progression larger than the smallest detectable change (SDC). <b>Results:</b> Changes in joint damage were seen by both the chronological and the paired scoring method. The percentage of patients with progression of joint damage larger than the corresponding SDCs (1.7 and 2.4) varied in the subsets from 18% to 64% if based on the chronological change-scores and from 9% to 36% using paired change-scores. Acceptable sample size estimates were seen in several subsets, depending on (<i>a</i>) how the investigated drug would reduce the individual risk of progression of joint damage (by an absolute or a relative risk reduction model); (<i>b</i>) how damage was scored (chronological or paired); (<i>c</i>) the baseline risk; and (<i>d</i>) whether a two sided or one sided test would be used. <b>Conclusions:</b> Changes in joint damage due to RA can be detected reliably already within 3 months. This finding can be used to plan short term, randomised controlled trials with radiographic progression as primary outcome.
Food Allergy and Intolerance
Authors: M. Lawrence Podolsky
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This is an impressive book: impressive in size, scope, and number and diversity of contributors—from a dozen countries, representing more than 25 specialties (including clinicians, the basic sciences, veterinary medicine, food manufacturing, and environmental technology). In the past, material from such diverse sources was fractionalized into books on allergy, gastroenterology, psychiatry, bacteriology, pharmacology, food adulteration, food preparation, and so on. Here, however, all disciplines are neatly packaged into one comprehensive volume from which the reader garners an excellent overview of how the gut handles everything that gets into it—foods, viruses, bacteria, allergens, and toxins. Although much esoteric and conjectural material is included, the authors provide goodly amounts of practical material, particularly in the sections devoted to laboratory and alternative diagnostic techniques. Students, practitioners, and research fellows will appreciate this excellent update of "medical school" elementary physiology of the gastrointestinal tract: structure and function are described, and related immune cells and
Streamlined Funding Approach for IBD Targets New Researchers, Original Ideas
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

pathologists embrace it,” noted Levy. Turf battles between the pathologists who perform autopsies and the radiologists who would conduct the imaging studies is another impediment. Collins doesnotbelievethis is inevitable.“I think they would complement each other and not compete—the radiologist interprets the images and then works with the pathologist,” she said. But the main limiting factor may be cost, at least until pricing comes down. “Thehindrance forus ismoney,”Collins said. “Who is going to pay the radiologist,andwhowillpayforthemachinery?” Added Prahlow, “With so many investigation jurisdictions so grossly underfunded, to consider implementing a very expensive piece of equipment, for many people, is kind of laughable.”
G to A hypermutation of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Chiemi Noguchi, Hiromi Ishino, Masataka Tsuge, Yoshifumi Fujimoto, Michio Imamura, Shoichi Takahashi, Kazuaki Chayama
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

G to A hypermutation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is induced by a deaminase APOBEC3G and is related to host antiviral defense. APOBEC3G has also been found to reduce the replication of HIV-1 by an unknown mechanism. This enzyme also reduces the production of hepatitis B virus, although the mechanism for this action has not been clearly elucidated. The hypermutated hepatitis B virus (HBV) is rarely found in usual sequencing analyses. Using peptide nucleic acid mediated by polymerase chain reaction clamping, we detected the hypermutated HBV DNA in 1 of 8 patients with acute HBV infection and 4 of 10 with chronic HBV infection. In the latter group, hypermutated genomes were found only in eAb-positive patients. As much as 72.5% of G residues were mutated in the hypermutated clones. G to A substitutions were predominant in almost all clones sequenced compared with other substitutions. G to A mutated viral genomes also were found in HepG2–derived cell lines that continuously produced HBV into the supernatant. Both alpha and gamma interferon reduced virus production in these cell lines, but they did not alter the frequency of the hypermutation. Transcripts of APOBEC3G, as well as some other deaminases, were found in these cell lines. In conclusion, our results show that part of the minus strand DNA of HBV is hypermutated both in vitro (HepG2 cell lines) and in vivo. The role and mechanism of hypermutation in reducing HBV replication should be further investigated to understand the anti-HBV defense system. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:626–633.)
Abstract 3777: Diesel motor exhaust and lung cancer risk in a pooled analysis from case-control studies in Europe and Canada
Authors: Ann C. Olsson, Per Gustavsson, Hans Kromhout, Susan Peters, Roel C. H. Vermeulen, Irene Brüske, Beate Pesch, Tomas Brüning, Jack Siemiatycki, Javier Pintos, Heinz-Erich Wichmann, Dario Consonni, Nils Plato, Franco Merletti, Dario Mirabelli, Lorenzo Richiardi, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Wolfgang Ahrens, Hermann Pohlabeln, Lissowska Jolanta, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Cassidy Adrian, David Zaridze, Isabelle Stücker, Simone Benhamou, Vladimir Bencko, Lenka Foretova, Vladimir Janout, Peter Rudnai, Eleonora Fabianova, Dana Mates, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Isabelle Gross, Veronique Benhaim-Luzon, Paolo Boffetta, Kurt Straif
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Diesel-motor exhaust (DME) is classified by IARC as probably carcinogenic to humans. The epidemiological evidence is evaluated as limited since many studies lack adequate information on tobacco smoking and only few studies reported on exposure-response relationships. Our objective is to investigate the risk of lung cancer following occupational exposure to DME, while controlling for smoking and potential occupational confounders. Methods: The SYNERGY project pooled information on lifetime work histories and tobacco smoking from more than 13300 cases and 16300 controls from case-control studies conducted in 12 European countries and Canada. A job exposure matrix based on ISCO codes, assigning no (0), low (1) or high (2) exposure to DME was applied to determine level of exposure to DME. Cumulative exposure was defined as: ∑(level2 * duration). Odds ratios (OR) of lung cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, study, pack-years and time since quitting smoking, and ever employment in a “Group A” job, i.e. occupations with established lung cancer risk. Results: Workers exposed to low levels of occupational DME exposure had an increased risk of lung cancer after 40 years of exposure OR 1.31 (95% CI 1.14-1.51), while workers exposed to high DME levels experienced a similar risk already after short duration (&amp;lt;10 years) OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15-1.46. Cumulative DME exposure showed a significant exposure-response trend (p-value &amp;lt;0.000) with an OR of 1.31 (95% CI 1.20-1.44) in the highest quartile. These results were similar in workers never employed in “Group A“ jobs, lending support to the assumption that confounding due to other occupational exposures was not responsible for the observed risk. Analyses in sub-populations of women and never-smokers also indicated an increased risk of lung cancer following occupational DME exposure. Conclusion: Our results indicate that occupational exposure to DME is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3777.
Diabetes Mellitus, Hypercholesterolemia, and Hypertension but Not Vascular Disease Per Se Are Associated With Persistent Platelet Activation In Vivo
Authors: Giovanni Davı̀, Paolo Gresele, Francesco Violi, Stefania Basili, Mariella Catalano, Carlo Giammarresi, Raul Volpato, Giuseppe G. Nenci, Giovanni Ciabattoni, Carlo Patrono
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Previous studies relating increased thromboxane (TX) biosynthesis to cardiovascular risk factors do not answer the question whether platelet activation is merely a consequence of more prevalent atherosclerotic lesions or reflects the influence of metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances on platelet biochemistry and function. Methods and Results We examined 64 patients with large-vessel peripheral arterial disease and 64 age- and sex-matched control subjects. TXA 2 biosynthesis was investigated in relation to cardiovascular risk factors by repeated measurements of the urinary excretion of its major enzymatic metabolite, 11-dehydro-TXB 2 , by radioimmunoassay. Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB 2 was significantly ( P =.0001) higher in patients with peripheral arterial disease (57±26 ng/h) than in control subjects (26±7 ng/h). Seventy percent of patients had metabolite excretion &gt;2 SD above the normal mean. However, 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion was enhanced only in association with cardiovascular risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were independently related to 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion. During a median follow-up of 48 months, 8 patients experienced major vascular events. These patients had significantly ( P =.001) higher 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion at baseline than patients who remained event free. Conclusions The occurrence of large-vessel peripheral arterial disease per se is not a trigger of platelet activation in vivo. Rather, the rate of TXA 2 biosynthesis appears to reflect the influence of coexisting disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension on platelet biochemistry and function. Enhanced TXA 2 biosynthesis may represent a common link between such diverse risk factors and the thrombotic complications of peripheral arterial disease.
A TRANSPLANTABLE RABBIT CARCINOMA ORIGINATING IN A VIRUS-INDUCED PAPILLOMA AND CONTAINING THE VIRUS IN MASKED OR ALTERED FORM
Authors: John G. Kidd, Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

A squamous cell carcinoma derived from a virus-induced rabbit papilloma has been propagated in fourteen successive groups of animals. It grows rapidly now in most individuals to which it is transplanted, killing early and metastasizing frequently. The original cancer was the outcome of alterations in epidermal cells already rendered neoplastic by the virus, and the latter, or an agent nearly related to it, has persisted and increased in the malignant tissue, as a study of the blood of the first ten groups of cancerous animals has shown. An antibody capable of specifically neutralizing the virus in vitro appeared in the blood of every new host in which the tumor enlarged progressively, and reached a titer comparable with that obtaining in animals which had long carried large papillomas. The antibody was absent from normal rabbits and those in which the cancer failed to grow. The implications of these facts are considered.