tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-154 The Outpatient Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A 10 Year Review
Authors: M W Johnson, K Lithgo, T Prouse, T Price
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Like many hospitals through out the UK the National IBD Standards (endorsed by the British Society of Gastroenterology) and the IBD (Global Rating Score) Quality Improvement Programme (endorsed by The Royal College of Physicians) have help highlighted areas of our inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) service that clearly need improving. In order to attract funding from our local primary care trust (PCT) to support the necessary service improvements, we set about establishing the total cost and demand made on our local hospital in managing these patients. We set about assessing 4 key areas; the endoscopy service, the radiology service, the hospital admissions and the outpatient service. <h3>Objective</h3> of this study: To assess the demand on the outpatient services made by IBD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> The Luton &amp; Dunstable University Hospital has a database of 2680 local IBD patients. This is made up of 1425 patients with UC, 941 with Crohn’s, 118 with proctitis, 113 with IBD unspecified, 53 with radiation proctitis, 13 with diversion colitis, 10 with ileo-anal pouchitis and 7 with microscopic colitis. Using the database the hospital coding system was used to analyse the total number of outpatient appointments (OPAs) made between 2001 and 2011 for these patients, and to which specialties they were referred. Total costs were calculated using a range of prices for the different specialties, depending on whether they were new (£210-£265) or follow up clinic visits (£83-£136). <h3>Results</h3> Over the course of 10 years the 2680 IBD patients made 20,837 gastroenterology OPAs (2,053 new and 18,784 follow ups) (ie.2,084 per year), costing the local primary care trust (PCT) a total of £2,103,117. There were also 3474 OPAs made with the gastrointestinal (GI) surgeons (1,409 new and 2,065 follow ups) (ie. 347 per year), costing the local PCT a total of £603,524. In addition a further 42,276 (63%) OPAs were made with non-GI teams, costing the PCT an further £4,227,600. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Over 10 years the 2680 patients made 66,007 outpatient clinic visits (24.6 per person, 2.46 per person per year) costings a total of £6,934,241. Of these, 24,311 (37%) were with the GI medics and surgeons, costing the PCT a total of £2,706,641. Many of the non-GI specialty appointments were made for IBD associated conditions eg. 1510 dermatology OPAs. The 3281 ophthalmology OPAs were predominantly for cataracts, which raised concerns about potential iatrogenic causes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Novel Designs of Multivalent Anti-CD20 Humanized Antibodies as Improved Lymphoma Therapeutics
Authors: Edmund A. Rossi, David M. Goldenberg, Thomas M. Cardillo, Rhona Stein, Yang Wang, Chien-Hsing Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Multivalent antibodies, either monospecific or bispecific, may improve the efficacy of current therapeutic interventions involving a single monoclonal antibody (mAb). We have applied the Dock-and-Lock (DNL) method, a new platform technology for the site-specific and covalent assembly of modular components into stably tethered complexes of defined composition, to prepare a hexavalent, anti-CD20 antibody, designated Hex-hA20, which comprises six Fabs with one Fc. We show that Hex-hA20 retains the binding activity of all six Fabs, associates with CD20 in lipid rafts, affects antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but not complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and inhibits proliferation of Daudi, Raji, and Ramos cells in vitro at subnanomolar concentrations without the need for a cross-linking antibody. In addition, Hex-hA20 induces strong homotypical adhesion and is inefficient in stimulating calcium mobilization. Thus, Hex-hA20 exhibits biological properties attributable to both type I and type II anti-CD20 mAbs, as exemplified by rituximab and tositumomab, respectively. Although Hex-hA20 has a short serum half-life, it shows antitumor efficacy in tumor-bearing mice comparable with veltuzumab at equivalent doses. The versatile DNL method was also applied to generate two other multivalent anti-CD20 antibodies without the Fc region, Tri-hA20 and Tetra-hA20, comprising three and four Fabs of veltuzumab, respectively. Similar to Hex-hA20, these were purified to near homogeneity and shown to have potent antiproliferative activity in vitro, thus indicating the need for clustering three or more CD20 molecules on the cell surface to induce growth inhibition. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8384–92]
Opposite transmural gradients of coronary resistance and extravascular pressure in the working dog's heart
Authors: A. L'ABBATE, M. MARZILLI, A M. BALLESTRA, P. CAMICI, M G. TRIVELLA, G. PELOSI, G. A KLASSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Journal Article Opposite transmural gradients of coronary resistance and extravascular pressure in the working dog's heart Get access ANTONIO L'ABBATE, ANTONIO L'ABBATE * From the Laboratory of Clinical Physiology C.N.R. and Istituto Patologia Medica I, University of Pisa, Italy *Reprint requests to: Dr Antonio L'Abbate, Laboratorio di Fisiologia Clinica C.N.R., Via Savi, 8, 56100 Pisa, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARIO MARZILLI, MARIO MARZILLI From the Laboratory of Clinical Physiology C.N.R. and Istituto Patologia Medica I, University of Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A MARIA BALLESTRA, A MARIA BALLESTRA From the Laboratory of Clinical Physiology C.N.R. and Istituto Patologia Medica I, University of Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAOLO CAMICI, PAOLO CAMICI From the Laboratory of Clinical Physiology C.N.R. and Istituto Patologia Medica I, University of Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M GIOVANNA TRIVELLA, M GIOVANNA TRIVELLA From the Laboratory of Clinical Physiology C.N.R. and Istituto Patologia Medica I, University of Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GUALTIERO PELOSI, GUALTIERO PELOSI From the Laboratory of Clinical Physiology C.N.R. and Istituto Patologia Medica I, University of Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GERALD A KLASSEN GERALD A KLASSEN From the Laboratory of Clinical Physiology C.N.R. and Istituto Patologia Medica I, University of Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 14, Issue 1, January 1980, Pages 21–29, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.1.21 Published: 01 January 1980
Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Response in Asymptomatic IDDM Subjects
Authors: Iris B Goldstein, Bruce D Naliboff, David Shapiro, Harrison JL Frank
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Nine insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients (aged 25–37 yr) with no symptoms of autonomic neuropathy and 15 healthy control subjects (aged 26–39 yr) were studied at rest and during tests of Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, cold pressor, and postural change from sitting to standing. Continuous (beat-to-beat) measures were taken of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and skin conductance. The diabetic patients were differentiated from the control group by the following: less variability in diastolic blood pressure during deep breathing, failure to exhibit diastolic blood pressure decreases during recovery from a cold pressor stimulus, a flatter blood pressure response pattern when changing from sitting to standing, and a smaller standing ratio (maximum/minimum) for R-R interval. Among the patients, age was negatively correlated with systolic and diastolic standing ratios and diastolic blood pressure variability during deep breathing. By use of the tracking cuff, a method of continuously recording blood pressure noninvasively, we have been able to assess subtle blood pressure changes, thereby revealing signs of sympathetic dysfunction in a group of relatively young diabetic patients with no symptoms of neuropathy. The tracking-cuff method of recording blood pressure has potential in further research on autonomic functioning in diabetic patients.
Re: Froehner M, Koch R, Litz RJ, Oehlschlaeger S, Hakenberg OW, Wirth MP. Feasibility and Limitations of Comorbidity Measurement in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2005; 47: 190–5
Authors: Michael G. Clarke, Ruaraidh MacDonagh
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Detecting the effects of thromboprophylaxis: the case of the rogue reviews
Authors: M. Petticrew, S. C Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“Watson, Dr Watson!” I looked up at the muffled sound of Sherlock Holmes's voice as he stood at the window, gesticulating with his Stradivarius. Two hours of relentless arpeggios had finally ceased, and I gratefully removed the plugs of cotton wool from my ears. “A distinguished visitor is about to request admittance,” he observed. “Would you kindly ask Mrs Cochrane to show him up?”

A few moments later a tall, bewhiskered gentleman, with an enormous portmanteau and a general air of exasperation, entered Holmes's study. He introduced himself as Professor Legge, an orthopaedic surgeon.

“Mr Holmes, only you can end this madness!” he moaned, sinking into the nearest armchair. Holmes's hawk-like eye ranged over his visitor, and I knew that the great detective was about to presage the discussion with a display of his deductive skills. “Well, Professor Legge,” he began authoritatively, “I trust your search for systematic reviews on Medline this afternoon was productive?” Legge looked startled.

“Good Lord, Mr Holmes, how could you possibly know that I have just spent hours … searching for …?” He began to swab his face with an extravagantly large handkerchief.

“Simple, my dear Legge. The light coating of dust on your face would indicate that you have attracted an electrical charge, caused, I suspect, through hours of vigilant study at a computer monitor. That, and your rather glassy stare.” Legge nodded silently, while I enquired: “But how on earth did you deduce the reason for his search?”

“Are you unaware that the use of meta-analyses in the pursuit of effective health care is well established in your profession, Dr Watson?” he retorted. I was abashed. Holmes continued: “Well, I too am an exponent of evidence based methods. Naturally I am aware of their value in medical practice.” Professor Legge grunted sceptically and …
Prediction of Clinical Cardiovascular Events With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Authors: Matthias W. Lorenz, Hugh S. Markus, Michiel L. Bots, Maria Rosvall, Matthias Sitzer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is increasingly used as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Its use relies on its ability to predict future clinical cardiovascular end points. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of data to examine this association. Methods and Results— Using a prespecified search strategy, we identified 8 relevant studies and compared study design, measurement protocols, and reported data. We identified sources of heterogeneity between studies. The assumption of a linear relationship between IMT and risk was challenged by use of a graphical technique. To obtain a pooled estimate of the relative risk per IMT difference, we performed a meta-analysis based on random effects models. The age- and sex-adjusted overall estimates of the relative risk of myocardial infarction were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.21 to 1.30) per 1–standard deviation common carotid artery IMT difference and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.17) per 0.10-mm common carotid artery IMT difference. The age- and sex-adjusted relative risks of stroke were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.38) per 1–standard deviation common carotid artery IMT difference and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.21) per 0.10-mm common carotid artery IMT difference. Major sources of heterogeneity were age distribution, carotid segment definition, and IMT measurement protocol. The relationship between IMT and risk was nonlinear, but the linear models fitted relatively well for moderate to high IMT values. Conclusions— Carotid IMT is a strong predictor of future vascular events. The relative risk per IMT difference is slightly higher for the end point stroke than for myocardial infarction. In future IMT studies, ultrasound protocols should be aligned with published studies. Data for younger individuals are limited and more studies are required.
IFN Induces miR-21 through a Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3–Dependent Pathway as a Suppressive Negative Feedback on IFN-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Chuan He Yang, Junming Yue, Meiyun Fan, Lawrence M. Pfeffer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The microRNA miR-21 is overexpressed in many human cancers, wherein accumulating evidence indicates that it functions as an oncogene. Here, we report that the cytokine IFN rapidly induces miR-21 expression in human and mouse cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was implicated in this pathway based on the lack of IFN effect on miR-21 expression in prostate cancer cells with a deletion in the STAT3 gene. STAT3 ablation abrogated IFN induction of miR-21, confirming the important role of STAT3 in regulating miR-21. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that STAT3 directly bound the miR-21 promoter in response to IFN. Experiments in mouse embryo fibroblasts with a genetic deletion of the p65 NF-κB subunit showed that IFN-induced miR-21 expression was also dependent on NF-κB. STAT3 silencing blocked both IFN-induced p65 binding to the miR-21 promoter and p65 nuclear translocation. Thus, IFN-induced miR-21 expression is coregulated by STAT3 and NF-κB at the level of the miR-21 promoter. Several cell death regulators were identified as downstream targets of miR-21, including PTEN and Akt. Functional experiments in prostate cancer cells directly showed that miR-21 plays a critical role in suppressing IFN-induced apoptosis. Our results identify miR-21 as a novel IFN target gene that functions as a key feedback regulator of IFN-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res; 70(20); 8108–16. ©2010 AACR.
Unemployment, Drug Use, and Health in Late Adolescence
Authors: H.R. Winefield, A.H. Winefield, M. Tiggemann, S. Smith
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

In order to study the health correlates of unemployment, young urban South Australians, of average age 19.6 years and with 10.5% unemployed, were asked to rate their health and report number of doctor visits of the preceding month. Information about financial state, work satisfaction, and drug use was also collected. The satisfied employed rated their health somewhat more favourably than did either the dissatisfied employed or the unemployed, but changes in work situation over the next year were not related to changes in health. Alcohol use differed according to work situation for females but not males; cigarette-smoking, which did not vary with work situation, was associated with poorer health.
Intragenomic Variation Within ITS1 and ITS2 of Freshwater Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae): Implications for Phylogenetic and Microsatellite Studies
Authors: D. James Harris, Keith A. Crandall
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Intragenomic variation in ITS1 and ITS2 is known to exit but is widely ignored in phylogenetic studies using these gene regions. The amount of variation in seven crayfish species, including three populations of Orconectes luteus and two of Procambarus clarkii, was assessed by sequencing 3, 5, or 10 clones from the same individuals, for a total of 77 sequences. The ITS1 and ITS2 sequences reported here are some of the longest known, with aligned lengths of 760 and 1,300 bp, respectively. They contain multiple microsatellite insertions, all of which show considerable intragenomic variation in the number of repeat elements. This variation is enough to obscure phylogenetic relationships at the population level, although relationships between species can be estimated. Given the hybridization techniques used to locate microsatellites, multiple-copy regions like ITS1 and ITS2 will be preferentially found if they contain microsatellites, and in these cases the microsatellites will not behave as typical Mendelian markers and could give spurious results.
Dextran in Recompression Therapy
Authors: PAUL G. LINAWEAVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 February 1975Dextran in Recompression TherapyPAUL G. LINAWEAVERPAUL G. LINAWEAVERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-2-287_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the article by Data and Nies "Drugs Five Years Later: Dextran 40" (Ann Intern Med81:500-504, 1974), the authors overlooked one important clinical use of low-molecular-weight dextran. In the treatment of decompression sickness (dysbarism), including both actual human cases and in controlled animal experiments, low-molecular-weight dextran has proved to be an important adjunct to recompression (pressure) therapy in decreasing morbidity and mortality. The mode of action is still a matter of considerable interest and controversy. Postulated modes of action include [1] prevention of hemoconcentration by plasma-expanding properties (1); [2] lipemic clearing effect (2); [3] inhibition of...References1. COCKETTNAKAMURA AR: Newer concepts in the pathophysiology of experimental dysbarism—decompression sickness. Am Surg 30:447-451, 1964 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. COCKETTPAULEYSAUNDERS ASJ: Coexistence of lipid and gas emboli in experimental decompression sickness, in Underwater Physiology. Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Underwater Physiology, edited by LAMBERTSEN CJ. New York, Academic Press, 1971, p. 245 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. CLARKPHILIPGOWDEY MRC: Changes in platelets and lipids in experimental aeroembolism and bends. Aerosp Med 40:1094-1098, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. PHILIPSCHACHAMGOWDEY RPC: Involvement of platelets and microthrombi in experimental decompression sickness: similarities with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Aerosp Med 42:494-502, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: MC USN Submarine Development Group 1 Fleet Station Post Office San Diego, California 92132 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAir Embolism and Diving InjuryGas embolism: pathophysiology and treatment 1 February 1975Volume 82, Issue 2Page: 287-287KeywordsDextranDrug therapyMorbidityMortality Issue Published: 1 February 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Glucocorticoids: Eds N J Goulding, R J Flower. (Pp 216; DM240.) Basel: Birkhauser, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-6059-3. (Milestones in drug therapy. Series editors M J Parnham, J Bruinvels.)
Authors: F Buttgereit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Sonography as a replacement for sialography for the diagnosis of salivary glands affected by Sjögren's syndromeRecently, it has been suggested that sonographic evaluation of the salivary glands is useful
Endothelial expression of thrombomodulin is reversibly regulated by fluid shear stress.
Authors: A M Malek, R Jackman, R D Rosenberg, S Izumo
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The vascular endothelium, by virtue of its position at the interface between blood and the vessel wall, is known to play a critical role in the control of thrombosis and fibrinolysis. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a surface receptor that binds thrombin and is a potent activator of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. Although TM expression is known to be regulated by various cytokines, little is known about its response to ever-present biomechanical stimuli. We have explored the role of fluid shear stress, imparted on the luminal surface of the endothelial cell as a result of blood flow, on the expression of TM mRNA and protein in both bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) and bovine smooth muscle (BSM) cells in an in vitro system. We report in the present study that TM expression is regulated by flow. Subjecting BAE cells to fluid shear stress in the physiological range of magnitude of 15 (moderate shear stress) and 36 (elevated shear stress) dynes/cm2 resulted in a mild transient increase followed by a significant decrease in TM mRNA to 37% and 16% of its resting level, respectively, by 9 hours after the onset of flow. In contrast, shear stress at the low magnitude of 4 dynes/cm2 did not affect TM mRNA levels. The sensitivity of TM mRNA expression by flow was found to be specific to endothelium, since it was not observed in BSM cells exposed to steady laminar shear stress of 15 dynes/cm2. Furthermore, unlike BAE cells, BSM cells did not exhibit altered cell shape nor align in the direction of flow after 24 hours of shear stress at 15 dynes/cm2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A new method for quantification of regurgitant flow rate using color Doppler flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice. An in vitro study.
Authors: F Recusani, G S Bargiggia, A P Yoganathan, A Raisaro, L M Valdes-Cruz, H W Sung, C Bertucci, M Gallati, V A Moises, I A Simpson
Journal: Circulation (1991)

While color Doppler flow mapping has yielded a quick and relatively sensitive method for visualizing the turbulent jets generated in valvular insufficiency, quantification of the degree of valvular insufficiency has been limited by the dependence of visualization of turbulent jets on hemodynamic as well as instrument-related factors. Color Doppler flow imaging, however, does have the capability of reliably showing the spatial relations of laminar flows. An area where flow accelerates proximal to a regurgitant orifice is commonly visualized on the left ventricular side of a mitral regurgitant orifice, especially when imaging is performed with high gain and a low pulse repetition frequency. This area of flow convergence, where the flow stream narrows symmetrically, can be quantified because velocity and the flow cross-sectional area change in inverse proportion along streamlines centered at the orifice. In this study, a gravity-driven constant-flow system with five sharp-edged diaphragm orifices (ranging from 2.9 to 12 mm in diameter) was imaged both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of flow through the orifice. Color Doppler flow images were produced by zero shifting so that the abrupt change in display color occurred at different velocities. This "aliasing boundary" with a known velocity and a measurable radial distance from the center of the orifice was used to determine an isovelocity hemisphere such that flow rate through the orifice was calculated as 2 pi r2 x Vr, where r is the radial distance from the center of the orifice to the color change and Vr is the velocity at which the color change was noted. Using Vr values from 54 to 14 cm/sec obtained with a 3.75-MHz transducer and from 75 to 18 cm/sec obtained with a 2.5-MHz transducer, we calculated flow rates and found them to correlate with measured flow rates (r = 0.94-0.99). The slope of the regression line was closest to unity when the lowest Vr and the correspondingly largest r were used in the calculation. The flow rates estimated from color Doppler flow imaging could also be used in conjunction with continuous-wave Doppler measurements of the maximal velocity of flow through the orifice to calculate orifice areas (r = 0.75-0.96 correlation with measured areas).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increased expression of the inflammatory chemokine CXC chemokine ligand 9/monokine induced by interferon-γ in lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques during simian immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Todd A. Reinhart, Beth A. Fallert, Melanie E. Pfeifer, Sonali Sanghavi, Saverio Capuano, Premeela Rajakumar, Michael Murphey-Corb, Richard Day, Craig L. Fuller, Todd M Schaefer
Journal: Blood (2002)