tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pelvic pain in women.
Authors: R W Beard, P W Reginald, S Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1986)

All women at some time experience pelvic pain associated with physiological events such as menstruation, ovulation, or sexual intercourse.Only a few women seek medical advice for such pain, yet it is the commonest reason for laparoscopy in Britain.'In three quarters of cases no cause is found, but the reason for this is not clear.People's perception of pain varies, and women with unex- plained pelvic pain have often been diagnosed as suffering from psychogenic pain.Certainly, the incidence of anxiety and depression is high in women with unexplained abdominal pain,'3 but in some cases the pain may be due to genuine but unrecognised disease.For example, we and others have reported the consistent finding of pelvic varicosities in women who have often complained of a chronic dull ache in the pelvis (Adams J, et al, 24th British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1986).3We have called this the pelvic pain syndrome.Many of these women have a history of serious disturbance to their normal emotional development in childhood,4 which may in some way underlie the subsequent development of varicosities.Whatever the cause, high levels of anxiety or depression certainly increase the severity of their pain.Thus it is clear that the diagnosis and management of pelvic pain are not as simple as is sometimes believed.Severe pain is not necessarily caused by obvious organic disease just as women who complain little of pain may have serious disease.It therefore pays to investigate the patient fully before making a diagnosis. ClassificationMany conditions cause pelvic pain, and a classification is of little practical use other than to remind the clinician of the possibilities to be considered.Problems of pregnancy-abortion, ectopic pregnancy, round ligament pain, degeneration of fibroids, unexplained uterine pain.
Specific T Helper Cell Requirement for Optimal Induction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes against Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Negative Tumors
Authors: Ferry Ossendorp, Erica Mengedé, Marcel Camps, Rian Filius, Cornelis J.M. Melief
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

This study shows that induction of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells by vaccination with a specific viral T helper epitope, contained within a synthetic peptide, results in protective immunity against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II negative, virus-induced tumor cells. Protection was also induced against sarcoma induction by acutely transforming retrovirus. In contrast, no protective immunity was induced by vaccination with an unrelated T helper epitope. By cytokine pattern analysis, the induced CD4+ T cells were of the T helper cell 1 type. The peptide-specific CD4+ T cells did not directly recognize the tumor cells, indicating involvement of cross-priming by tumor-associated antigen-presenting cells. The main effector cells responsible for tumor eradication were identified as CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that were found to recognize a recently described immunodominant viral gag-encoded cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope, which is unrelated to the viral env-encoded T helper peptide sequence. Simultaneous vaccination with the tumor-specific T helper and CTL epitopes resulted in strong synergistic protection. These results indicate the crucial role of T helper cells for optimal induction of protective immunity against MHC class II negative tumor cells. Protection is dependent on tumor-specific CTLs in this model system and requires cross-priming of tumor antigens by specialized antigen-presenting cells. Thus, tumor-specific T helper epitopes have to be included in the design of epitope-based vaccines.
Polycythemia and Nuclear 'Exposure'
Authors: Gerald Parkes
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Despite the origins of the report by Caldwell et al<sup>1</sup>on polycythemia vera among nuclear weapons test participants and the amount of public funds that must have been used in its production, I find it an unscientific document. The authors admit that ionizing radiation was the only known unusual risk yet cannot bring themselves to draw the obvious conclusion "because of the small individual whole-body doses of radiation." To accept film badges as indicators of whole-body dose in such an atmospheric exposure is naive "science," albeit good political thinking in view of HR 1961 (Atomic Veterans Relief Act). To suggest that the exposure data<i>may</i>be minimal is self-serving, since the most obvious and noxious exposure was not even measured! This "science" has already been used to negate the consequences of internal emitters, and even as a brief report it can only do harm.
Correlation between ST resolution and angiographic findings in ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Marc S. Sabatine, David A. Morrow, Hein Heidbuchel, James A. de Lemos, Soetkin Vlassak, Howard A. Cooper, Kristin C. Schuhwerk, Sabina A. Murphy, Carolyn H. McCabe, Robert P. Giugliano, Elliott M. Antman, Michael Gibson, Eugene Braunwald, Frans Van de Werf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Primary Carnitine Deficiency Due to a Failure of Carnitine Transport in Kidney, Muscle, and Fibroblasts
Authors: William R. Treem, Charles A. Stanley, David N. Finegold, Daniel E. Hale, Paul M. Coates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

CARNITINE (β-hydroxy-γ-trimethylaminobutyric acid) is an essential cofactor for the oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria. It serves to carry long-chain fatty acids in the form of their acyl-carnitine esters across the barrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane before β-oxidation. Since 1973,1 a total of 46 patients have been described with evidence of impaired fatty acid oxidation associated with reduced levels of carnitine.2 These patients have been divided into a group with a "systemic carnitine deficiency," which presents in infancy or early childhood with recurrent episodes of coma and hypoglycemia, and a group with a "muscle carnitine deficiency," which presents later . . .
A single screening for type 2 diabetes in high-risk adults did not reduce mortality over 10 years
Authors: Jeffrey Mahon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Simmons RK, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Sharp SJ, et al. Screening for type 2 diabetes and population mortality over 10 years (ADDITION-Cambridge): a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380:1741-8. 23040422
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor induces proliferation of hepatic progenitors in alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized trial
Authors: Laurent Spahr, Jean‐François Lambert, Laura Rubbia‐Brandt, Yves Chalandon, Jean‐Louis Frossard, Emiliano Giostra, Antoine Hadengue
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Liver failure is the major cause of death in alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). In experimental hepatitis, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells, induces liver regeneration, and improves survival. We studied the short-term effects of G-CSF on CD34+ stem cell mobilization, liver cell proliferation, and liver function in patients with ASH. Twenty-four patients (mean age 54 years) with alcoholic cirrhosis [Child-Turcotte-Pugh score 10 (7–12)] and concomitant biopsy-proven ASH [Maddrey score 36 (21-60)] were randomized to standard care associated with 5 days of G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day, group A, n = 13) or standard care alone (group B, n = 11). Serial measurement of CD34+ cells, liver tests, cytokines [hepatocyte growth factor (HGF); tumor necrosis factor α; tumor necrosis factor-R1; interleukin-6; alfa-fetoprotein], and 13C-aminopyrine breath tests were performed. Proliferating hepatic progenitor cells [HPC; double immunostaining (Ki67/cytokeratin 7)], histology, and neutrophils were assessed on baseline and day 7 biopsies. Abstinent alcoholic patients with cirrhosis served as controls for immunohistochemistry. G-CSF was well tolerated. At day 7, both CD34+ cells (+747% versus −6%, P < 0.003), and HGF (+212% versus −7%, P < 0.03) increased in group A but not in group B. Cytokines and aminopyrine breath test changes were similar between groups. On repeat biopsy, a >50% increase in proliferating HPC was more frequent in group A than in group B (11 versus 2, P < 0.003). Changes in Ki67+/cytokeratin 7+ cells correlated with changes in CD34+ cells (r = 0.65, P < 0.03). Neutrophils and histological changes were similar in both groups. Conclusion: G-CSF mobilizes CD34+ cells, increases HGF, and induces HPC to proliferate within 7 days of administration. Larger trials would be required to determine whether these changes translate into improved liver function. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
68Ga DOTATATE PET/CT Uptake in Spinal Lesions and MRI Correlation on a Patient With Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Ifigeneia Klinaki, Adil Al-Nahhas, Neil Soneji, Zarni Win
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 62-year-old female patient with suspected insulinoma underwent 68Ga DOTA-TATE PET/CT for characterization and staging. This demonstrated a focus of uptake in the pancreas and 3 foci of uptake in the spine. An MRI of the spine performed to further characterize the lesions revealed the presence of a meningioma and degenerative changes, both of which showed 68Ga DOTA-TATE uptake. A vertebral metastasis seen on PET was occult on CT and MRI. A vertebral hemangioma had no discrete tracer uptake. Awareness of sources of error in interpreting 68Ga DOTA-TATE scans is important in order to avoid pitfalls.
Blood anti-oxidant parameters at different stages of pneumoconiosis in coal workers.
Authors: J J Engelen, P J Borm, M van Sprundel, L Leenaerts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The pneumoconioses are associated with chronic inflammatory processes during which increased amounts of reactive oxygen species are formed in the lower respiratory tract. To characterize the effect(s) of these processes on the defense system against free radicals, we studied 91 individuals with long-term occupational exposure to coal mine dust. Thirty-one subjects were classified with radiological evidence to be pneumoconiotics, while 58 control miners had no pulmonary disorders. We measured antioxidant parameters in red blood cells, considering the latter to reflect the oxidative stress in the lung. Glutathione levels were significantly decreased (p = 0.04) in red blood cells of miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis with radiograph classification 0/1 to 2/1, while in miners with classification 3/2 to 3/3, the plasma iron concentrations were significantly decreased (p = 0.04). Moreover, some factors of the anti-oxidant system (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) were correlated in the diseased but not in the control miners. Taken together, all data support the role of the erythrocyte as a circulating anti-oxidant carrier and also that changes in red blood cell anti-oxidant factors reflect the oxidative stress imposed by the pneumoconiotic (inflammatory) processes in the lung.
PERICOLIC MEMBRANES SIMULATING CARCINOMA OF THE COLON
Authors: ARTHUR GOETSCH
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In the past year, we have operated in two cases in which the clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of the ascending colon had been made. At operation, the true condition was found to be partial obstruction due to unusually peculiar vascular adhesions. The reason for our mistakes in diagnosis may be apparent from the following case reports. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.—History.</h3> —L. A. S., a woman, aged 60, white, American, married, complained of weakness, anemia, loss of weight, constipation and nervousness. She was referred to the surgical service, Dec. 21, 1920, by Dr. William Lintz of the department of medicine. The family and personal history had no essential bearing on the present illness. About eight weeks before admission, the patient first noticed vertigo on getting up in the morning. Since that time, she had been getting progressively weaker; had noticed that she became fatigued on slight exertion, and had
INFLUENCE OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ON POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION
Authors: Sam F. Seeley
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Conclusive evidence that appropriate ultraviolet irradiation of operating rooms reduces the number of bacteria in the air is tempered by the important question of whether or not these bacteria actually play a significant role in the incidence of postoperative infection. An answer to this question is offered by the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) in a special supplement to the August<i>Annals of Surgery</i>.<sup>1</sup>Past studies have usually been based on observations in single institutions and compared the incidence of wound infection for a period when operating rooms are irradiated with the incidence over a previous nonirradiation period. In such comparisons it is difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate the effects of other variables such as antibiotics, operative techniques, and aseptic principles. To further test the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on postoperative wound infection, a cooperative study was instigated by the Committee on Trauma of the NAS-NRC.
A Retrospective Study of Glucose Metabolism in Mothers of Large Babies
Authors: Masahiro Kurishita, Koji Nakashima, Hiromu Kozu
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate retrospectively the glucose metabolism of women who gave birth to large babies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Within the first 3 days of postpartum, HbA1c of the dense erythrocytes and glycated albumin were measured. The sample group was comprised of 59 women who gave birth to heavy-for-dates infants. Fifty-five women who had average-sized infants formed the control group. Both groups had normal results on screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by 28 weeks of gestation. The dense erythrocyte fractionation was obtained by capillary centrifugation for measurement of stable HbA1c. RESULTS Mothers of heavy-for-dates infants had a significantly higher level of HbA1c of the dense erythrocytes (mean ± SD; 5.86 ± 0.68 vs. 5.50 ± 0.70%, P = 0.015) and a higher maternal body mass index (BMI) (mean ± SD; 26.5 ±2.9 vs. 24.1 ±2.3 kg/m2, P &amp;lt; 0.00001) than control mothers. Differences in the occurrence of high levels of HbA1c of the dense erythrocytes and maternal BMI were statistically significant (P &amp;lt; 0.01, P &amp;lt; 0.05) between the two groups, but no difference was noted in glycated albumin. There was no statistical correlation between high levels of HbA1c of the dense erythrocytes and maternal obesity. CONCLUSIONS High HbA1c levels of the dense erythrocytes and maternal obesity are independent factors that affect fetal oversize. Heavy-for-dates infants may be a consequence of maternal hyperglycemia in late pregnancy. This maternal hyperglycemia was not detected by the routine screening test for GDM.
Letter: Adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylaxis.
Authors: A W Frankland, R Abdel-Maguid
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylaxis SIR,-We would agree with Dr L M McEwen's observations (13 September.p 649) that prophylactic steroid cover is un- likely to be of any help in the treatment of anaphylaxis, but we cannot possibly agree with his statement that "when faced with profound anaphylactic collapse most doctors give adrenaline intravenously, using 0 5 ml of 1/1000 solution, diluted if possible, given slowly."We consider the risks of intravenous adrenaline are so great that no general prac- titioner should ever give it in this way.Besides the very severe subjective symptoms that will arise, the more serious effects of cerebral haemorrhage and cardiac arrhythmias preclude its use intravenously except in exceptional circumstances, when it must be adequately diluted.'
The Supreme Court’s Influence on Medicine and Health
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Good Body: Asceticism in Contemporary Culture
Authors: Ruth P. Zager
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>The Good Body: Asceticism in Contemporary Culture</i>is a collection of essays initially presented at an interdisciplinary conference, which considered the eating disorders in a cultural context. The editors, Letha B. Cole, MD, of the Psychiatry Department of the University of Texas Medical Branch, and Mary G. Winkler, PhD, of the Institute of the Medical Humanities at UTMB, assembled a diverse group of scholars to examine the implications of cultural practices for the individual's body and her view of her body. Dr Cole explains in the introduction that the conference addressed "the current cultural idealization of control of the self and environment through ascetic practices and the apparent rise in the prevalence of eating disorders." This topic is pertinent, since eating disorders have often been linked to body image disturbances. The first section of the book, "Religious and Moral Implications of the 'Good Body,'" discusses the relationship of our bodies
A Possible Biologic Role of Dreaming
Authors: Robert C. Smith
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

This study investigated the possibility that dreams are reactive to biologic function by evaluating them for a relationship to clinical outcome in patients with severe medical disease. Dream material was rated for references to death and separation. The clinical outcome for the 6 months following hospital discharge was scored on a 6-point scale as cured, improved, unchanged, worse without rehospitalization, worse with rehospitalization, and death. These cases were retrospectively evaluated and significant associations of death references (males) and separation references (females) with a poor clinical outcome were found. These data in men were consistent with Kardiner's formulation that severe and uncompensated stress to the ego, biological as well as psychological, is associated with dreams of death and dying. The data from both men and women support the hypothesis that dreams are reactive to biologic function.
Lipid Parameters and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Taking Statins
Authors: Robert D. Brook, Melvyn Rubenfire
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dutch law leads to confusion over when to use life ending treatment in suffering newborns
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Dutch Medical Association is to scrutinise how doctors treat newborn babies with very serious abnormalities after it emerged that uncertainty exists among the profession over the criteria for mercy killing. Experts fear that any uncertainty could jeopardise standards of terminal care.

Since 2007 paediatricians may escape prosecution if they report “actively ending the life of a newborn” and meet certain criteria, including establishing that the baby …
Abstract P1-13-04: A comparison of cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women treated with aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in breast cancer
Authors: LH Fiorino, M Pitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer treatment Phase III studies show that Aromatase Inhibitors (AI) provide a longer disease free survival period compared to tamoxifen although overall survival is not consistently improved. This suggests an increase in a competing risk. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women treated with AI versus those treated with tamoxifen. METHODS: Using a retrospective cohort study design all postmenopausal women with breast cancer from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2010 were identified from the Manitoba Cancer Registry (MCR). Data from these patients was requested from the Manitoba Health administrative databases for exposure, comorbidity, and outcome variables. Specifically, Drug Program Information Network (DPIN) data from 2002 to the most recent data available to determine prescriptions filled for tamoxifen and AI as a measure of exposure to these drugs. Hospital separation abstracts, physician claims data, and DPIN were used to determine comorbidity as well as new events for cardiovascular disease. Four specific groups were identified for comparison with respect to the outcomes of interest: tamoxifen exposed, AI exposed, exposure to both and no exposure. The primary end point was cardiovascular outcomes, including incident coronary heart disease and stroke. RESULTS: There were 4729 postmenopausal women diagnosed with Stage I – III breast cancer within previously defined years. The numbers for those treated with AI, Tamoxifen or both were 1590, 1015 and 607 respectively. Excluding women with preexisting comorbidity of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, a competing risk regression model found that tamoxifen at 1 year of use had a statistically significantly lower rate of CHD endpoints compared to AI (p 0.040). There was no difference in stroke incidence between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen appears to provide a protective affect against CHD. Aromatase Inhibitors may lead to an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality which may explain the lack of overall survival benefits with it's use. In the future, Tamoxifen may be preferentially used in women with a significant cardiac history. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-13-04.
A Genetic Defect in Exportin-5 Traps Precursor MicroRNAs in the Nucleus of Cancer Cells
Authors: Sonia A. Melo, Catia Moutinho, Santiago Ropero, George A. Calin, Simona Rossi, Riccardo Spizzo, Agustin F. Fernandez, Veronica Davalos, Alberto Villanueva, Guillermo Montoya, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Simo Schwartz, Manel Esteller
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)