tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction: Handbook of Clinical Drug Data
Authors: James E. Knoben
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1989Correction: Handbook of Clinical Drug DataJames E. Knoben, PharmD, MPH, Philip O. Anderson, PharmDJames E. Knoben, PharmD, MPHSearch for more papers by this author, Philip O. Anderson, PharmDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-11-948_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:We would like to report an error on page 331 of the Handbook of Clinical Drug Data, 6th edition. The pediatric dose of intravenous cefotaxime in neonates up to 1 week of age should read, "50 mg/kg q 12 hr."... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1989Volume 110, Issue 11Page: 948-948KeywordsDrugsInfants ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Less Is More: An Adaptive Branch-Site Random Effects Model for Efficient Detection of Episodic Diversifying Selection
Authors: Martin D. Smith, Joel O. Wertheim, Steven Weaver, Ben Murrell, Konrad Scheffler, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Over the past two decades, comparative sequence analysis using codon-substitution models has been honed into a powerful and popular approach for detecting signatures of natural selection from molecular data. A substantial body of work has focused on developing a class of "branch-site" models which permit selective pressures on sequences, quantified by the ω ratio, to vary among both codon sites and individual branches in the phylogeny. We develop and present a method in this class, adaptive branch-site random effects likelihood (aBSREL), whose key innovation is variable parametric complexity chosen with an information theoretic criterion. By applying models of different complexity to different branches in the phylogeny, aBSREL delivers statistical performance matching or exceeding best-in-class existing approaches, while running an order of magnitude faster. Based on simulated data analysis, we offer guidelines for what extent and strength of diversifying positive selection can be detected reliably and suggest that there is a natural limit on the optimal parametric complexity for "branch-site" models. An aBSREL analysis of 8,893 Euteleostomes gene alignments demonstrates that over 80% of branches in typical gene phylogenies can be adequately modeled with a single ω ratio model, that is, current models are unnecessarily complicated. However, there are a relatively small number of key branches, whose identities are derived from the data using a model selection procedure, for which it is essential to accurately model evolutionary complexity.
Thrombospondin-1 antagonizes nitric oxide-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell responses
Authors: J ISENBERG, D WINK, D ROBERTS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO), by increasing cGMP, is a major physiological regulator of vascular tone and of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) adhesion, chemotaxis, and proliferation. Thrombospondin-1 is a potent antagonist of NO/cGMP signaling in endothelial cells. Because endothelial and VSMC typically exhibit opposing responses to thrombospondin-1, we examined thrombospondin-1 effects on NO signaling in VSMC.Effects of exogenous thrombospondin-1 on human VSMC adhesion, chemotaxis, proliferation, and cGMP signaling were examined. Endogenous thrombospondin-1 function was characterized by comparing NO signaling in VSMC from wild type and thrombospondin-1 null mice.Picomolar concentrations of exogenous thrombospondin-1 prevented adhesive, chemotactic, and proliferative responses of human aortic VSMC stimulated by low dose NO. A recombinant CD36-binding domain of thrombospondin-1 or antibody ligation of CD36 similarly inhibited NO-stimulated VSMC responses. Thrombospondin-1 and CD36 ligation inhibited NO responses in VSMC by preventing cGMP accumulation. Thrombospondin-1 null VSMC responses to NO and cGMP signaling were enhanced relative to wild type murine VSMC.In the presence of NO, thrombospondin-1 is converted from a weak stimulator to a potent inhibitor of VSMC responses. Both exogenous and endogenous thrombospondin-1 inhibit NO signaling in VSMC. This activity is mediated by the type 1 repeats and utilizes the same CD36-dependent cGMP signaling pathway in endothelial and VSMC.
The effect of pH in modulating skin cell behaviour
Authors: J.R. Sharpe, K.L. Harris, K. Jubin, N.J. Bainbridge, N.R. Jordan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Variations occur in the pH of cutaneous wounds which may affect wound closure, graft take and microbial infection rates.To determine how pH modulates cell behaviour in order to optimize wound care.The effects of pH on the attachment, proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts were investigated in vitro and in an ex vivo skin growth model. In addition, the effect of pH on keratinocyte differentiation as measured by the expression of cytokeratins 1 (K1) and K5 was studied.We demonstrated that the optimal pH for both keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation is between pH 7.2 and 8.3. The optimal pH for growth from ex vivo skin explants was pH 8.43 which correlates with a previously reported improvement in skin graft take at higher pHs. Expression of K1 was found to be elevated in keratinocytes at a low pH.These results demonstrate that skin cells and explants proliferate and migrate at pHs higher than the physiological pH and that at lower pH keratinocytes express a differentiated keratinocyte phenotype. A better understanding of the responses of the cellular components of skin to fundamental physiological variables such as pH may help inform improved clinical wound care.
Shoulo thrombolytic therapy be administered in the mobile intensive care unit in patients with evolving myocardial infarction? A pilot study
Authors: Arie Roth, Gabriel I. Barbash, Hanoch Hod, Hylton I. Miller, Shemuel Rath, Michaela Modan, Yedael Har-Zahav, Gad Keren, Samuel Bassan, Elieser Kaplinsky, Shlomo Laniado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Alcohol in Cough Medicines Hazard to Disulfiram User
Authors: Raymond S. Koff
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The use of disulfiram (Antabuse) as an adjunct to alcoholism treatment programs is well known in this country, and may be increasing. 1 The minimal dose of alcohol necessary to evoke a reaction in the disulfiram treated patient is somewhat controversial, 2 although it has been suggested that as little as 7 ml of alcohol may cause typical reactions. 3 Thus, in disguised forms, alcohol could represent a serious hazard for patients receiving disulfiram. Our experience with a patient who had a disulfiram-alcohol reaction following the ingestion of a single dose of an over-the-counter, widely advertised cough medication, containing 25% alcohol, serves to emphasize the dangers of alcohol-containing preparations in these unique patients.  Report of a Case.—  The patient, a 46-year-old white man, was admitted to the hospital because of the abrupt onset of nausea, vomiting, and flushing of several hours' duration. He had been a heavy
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the efficacy of a 24-week topical treatment by latanoprost 0.1% on hair growth and pigmentation in healthy volunteers with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, Sanna Lönnfors, Kathrin Hillmann, Natalie Garcia Bartels
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Excess Lactate Production During Halothane Anesthesia in Man
Authors: Edward Lowenstein, John D. Clark, Ysidro Villareal
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Excess lactate, the amount of arterial or mixed venous blood lactate produced in excess of that accounted for by aerobic metabolism, has been proposed as an index for adequacy of tissue oxygenation.<sup>1</sup>Greene has demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of excess lactate production during cyclopropane and ether anesthesia, while none has been present during thiopental sodiumnitrous oxide administration.<sup>2</sup>Because of the serious implications of tissue hypoxia, especially during the administration of halogenated hydrocarbons,<sup>3</sup>and because of the lack of data concerning tissue perfusion during halothane anesthesia, it was thought worthwhile to measure this parameter during halothane (Fluothane) administration. <h3>Methods</h3> The patients in this study were ten males (nine of them convalescent burn patients), ages 19 to 31, who were scheduled to undergo elective, plastic surgical procedures. They had been fasting for at least eight hours, and were brought to the operating room without premedication. An intravenous
Initial Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Axitinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: N. Miura, T. Noda, K. Nishimura, A. Shirato, Y. Yanagihara, Y. Miyauchi, T. Kikugawa, N. Tanji, M. Yokoyama
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Apresoline Intolerance with Bladder Paralysis
Authors: D. R. Laurence, N. A. Miles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

A CASE of bladder paralysis in a fifty-eight-year-old woman who was taking Apresoline (1-hydrazinophthalazine hydrochloride) was recently reported by Goldstein et al.‡ The patient had had a surgical operation involving the bladder, and although there was no apparent connection between the operation and the paralysis, it seems desirable to present another case to help establish whether the disturbance was actually due to Apresoline.Case ReportA 68-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital suffering from mild hypertensive cardiac failure. During a week's rest in bed the average blood pressure was 220/90, and it was decided to treat her with Apresoline . . .
PPARα-Sirt1 Complex Mediates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure through Suppression of the ERR Transcriptional Pathway
Authors: Shinichi Oka, Ralph Alcendor, Peiyong Zhai, Ji Yeon Park, Dan Shao, Jaeyeaon Cho, Takanobu Yamamoto, Bin Tian, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Why treat cirrhosis?
Authors: B R D Macdougall, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Little is known about the evolution and biosynthetic function of DNA precursor and the folate metabolism in the Asgard group of archaea. As Asgard occupy a key position in the archaeal and eukaryotic phylogenetic trees, we have exploited very recently emerged genome and metagenome sequence information to investigate these central metabolic pathways. Our genome-wide analyses revealed that the recently cultured Asgard archaeon <i>Candidatus</i> Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum strain MK-D1 (<i>Psyn</i>) contains a complete folate-dependent network for the biosynthesis of DNA/RNA precursors, amino acids and syntrophic amino acid utilization. Altogether our experimental and computational data suggest that phylogenetic incongruences of functional folate-dependent enzymes from Asgard archaea reflect their persistent horizontal transmission from various bacterial groups, which has rewired the key metabolic reactions in an important and recently identified archaeal phylogenetic group. We also experimentally validated the functionality of the lateral gene transfer of <i>Psyn</i> thymidylate synthase ThyX. This enzyme uses bacterial-like folates efficiently and is inhibited by mycobacterial ThyX inhibitors. Our data raise the possibility that the thymidylate metabolism, required for <i>de novo</i> DNA synthesis, originated in bacteria and has been independently transferred to archaea and eukaryotes. In conclusion, our study has revealed that recent prevalent lateral gene transfer has markedly shaped the evolution of Asgard archaea by allowing them to adapt to specific ecological niches.
953-38 Role of Nitric Oxide (EDRF/NO) in the Control of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Conscious Dogs with a Blalock-Taussig Shunt
Authors: Steven Zangwill, Welton Gersony, Thomas Chen, Xiaobin Xu, Rocco J. Lafaro, Thomas H. Hintze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Cytokine-induced upregulation of hepatic intercellular adhesion molecule-1 messenger RNA expression and its role in the pathophysiology of murine endotoxin shock and acute liver failure
Authors: Naeem A. Essani, Michael A. Fisher, Anwar Farhood, Anthony M. Manning, Wayne C. Smith, Hartmut Jaeschke
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Neutrophil-induced liver injury during endotoxemia is dependent on the adhesion molecule Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) on neutrophils. The potential involvement of its counterreceptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in the pathogenesis was investigated after administration of 100 micrograms/kg Salmonella abortus equi endotoxin (ET) in galactosamine-sensitized mice (Gal). In ET-sensitive mice (C3Heb/FeJ), which generated large amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), massive neutrophil infiltration and severe liver injury were observed. In an ET-resistant strain (C3H/HeJ), which did not generate TNF-alpha Gal/ET failed to cause neutrophil accumulation or injury. ICAM-1 messenger RNA (mRNA), negligible in control livers, was selectively induced by Gal/ET in ET-sensitive mice. Intravenous injection of murine TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) or IL-I beta (13 to 23 micrograms/kg) strongly induced the ICAM-1 message in both strains, showing a comparable capacity for ICAM-1 mRNA synthesis. All cytokines caused similar neutrophil accumulation in the liver; however, only Gal/TNF-alpha also caused upregulation of Mac-1 on circulating neutrophils and liver injury. The anti-murine ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody YN.1 (3 mg/kg) attenuated liver injury in ET-sensitive mice by 67% to 90% compared with isotype-matched control antibody-treated animals but did not reduce neutrophil accumulation in hepatic sinusoids. Our data suggest that the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 are the main mediators responsible for upregulation of ICAM-1 mRNA in the liver during endotoxemia. The upregulation of both adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and Mac-1, is necessary for a neutrophil-induced liver injury to occur. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Theme Issue on Cancer
Authors: Robert A. McNutt, Boris Pasche, Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Linkage of the California Pesticide Use Reporting Database with Spatial Land Use Data for Exposure Assessment
Authors: John R. Nuckols, Robert B. Gunier, Philip Riggs, Ryan Miller, Peggy Reynolds, Mary H. Ward
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The State of California maintains a comprehensive Pesticide Use Reporting Database (CPUR). The California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) maps all crops in agricultural counties in California about once every 5 years.We integrated crop maps with CPUR to more accurately locate where pesticides are applied and evaluated the effects for exposure assessment.We mapped 577 residences and used the CPUR and CDWR data to compute two exposure metrics based on putative pesticide use within a 500-m buffer. For the CPUR metric, we assigned pesticide exposure to the residence proportionally for all square-mile Sections that intersected the buffer. For the CDWR metric, we linked CPUR crop-specific pesticide use to crops mapped within the buffer and assigned pesticide exposure. We compared the metrics for six pesticides: simazine, trifluralin (herbicides), dicofol, propargite (insecticides), methyl bromide, and metam sodium (fumigants).For all six pesticides we found good agreement (88-98%) as to whether the pesticide use was predicted. When we restricted the analysis to residences with reported pesticide use in Sections within 500 m, agreement was greatly reduced (35-58%). The CPUR metric estimates of pesticide use within 500 m were significantly higher than the CDWR metric for all six pesticides.Our findings may have important implications for exposure classification in epidemiologic studies of agricultural pesticide use using CPUR. There is a need to conduct environmental and biological measurements to ascertain which, if any, of these metrics best represent exposure.
Microfluidic Generation of Gradient Hydrogels to Modulate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Culture Environment
Authors: Bhushan P. Mahadik, Tobias D. Wheeler, Luke J. Skertich, Paul J. A. Kenis, Brendan A. C. Harley
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The bone marrow provides spatially and temporally variable signals that impact the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While multiple biomolecular signals and bone marrow cell populations have been proposed as key regulators of HSC fate, new tools are required to probe their importance and mechanisms of action. Here, a novel method based on a microfluidic mixing platform to create small volume, 3D hydrogel constructs containing overlapping patterns of cell and matrix constituents inspired by the HSC niche is described. This approach is used to generate hydrogels containing opposing gradients of fluorescent microspheres, MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts, primary murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and combinations thereof in a manner independent of hydrogel density and cell/particle size. Three different analytical methods are described to characterize local properties of these hydrogels at multiple scales: 1) whole construct fluorescent analysis; 2) multi‐photon imaging of individual cells within the construct; 3) retrieval of discrete sub‐regions from the hydrogel post‐culture. The approach reported here allows the creation of stable gradients of cell and material cues within a single, optically translucent 3D biomaterial to enable a range of investigations regarding how microenvironmental signals impact cell fate.
Prevention of Injury in The Automobile Accident
Authors: Inayat I. Lalani
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The vast majority of accidents cause injury to the occupant of a fast-moving vehicle as a result of a single mechanism, failure of the occupant to decelerate synchronously with the rest of the vehicle. Seat belts and shoulder harnesses are obvious answers to this problem. Unfortunately, most passengers just don't use seat belts and probably never will. It has been estimated that only 15% of drivers regularly use seat and shoulder belts. Thirty percent are judged to use them sporadically. Obviously, mechanical restraints, although theoretically the most efficient devices in preventing injuries have, in practice, proved less than adequate. Another solution, however unconventional, appears promising enough to deserve field trials. It may appear quite absurd at first glance, but it is also marvelously simple. It consists of reversing the direction the passengers face in the moving vehicle. Cars should be so designed that all passengers (including the
Urinary Connective Tissue Growth Factor Excretion Correlates With Clinical Markers of Renal Disease in a Large Population of Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: T. Q. Nguyen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; CCN-2) in plasma are increased in various fibrotic disorders, including diabetic nephropathy. Recently, several articles have reported a strong increase of urinary CTGF excretion (U-CTGF) in patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, these studies addressed too small a number of patients to allow general conclusions to be drawn. Therefore, we evaluated U-CTGF in a large cross-sectional study of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Future of psychotherapy in the NHS: Psychotherapists require more than evidence based services to be recognised as professionals
Authors: Samuel Y S Wong
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Goldbeck-Wood and Fonagy said that one of the key obstacles for psychotherapy has been a conflict of cultures.1 Differences in the training of psychotherapists also have a key role in hindering the recognition of psychotherapy as an independent profession. In addition to the various modalities of psychotherapy, the huge variation in psychotherapists' training backgrounds makes …
Systematic Review: Case-Fatality Rates of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Major Bleeding Events Among Patients Treated for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Marc Carrier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Case-fatality rates are important for assessing the risks and benefits of anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).To summarize case-fatality rates of recurrent VTE and major bleeding events during anticoagulation and recurrent VTE after anticoagulation.MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and all evidence-based medicine reviews in the Ovid interface through the second quarter of 2008.69 articles (13 prospective cohort studies and 56 randomized, controlled trials) that reported on patients with symptomatic VTE who received anticoagulation therapy for at least 3 months and on the rate of fatal recurrent VTE and fatal major bleeding.Two reviewers independently extracted data onto standardized forms.During the initial 3 months of anticoagulation, the rate of recurrent fatal VTE was 0.4% (95% CI, 0.3% to 0.6%), with a case-fatality rate of 11.3% (CI, 8.0% to 15.2%). The rate of fatal major bleeding events was 0.2% (CI, 0.1% to 0.3%), with a case-fatality rate of 11.3% (CI, 7.5% to 15.9%). After anticoagulation, the rate of fatal recurrent VTE was 0.3 per 100 patient-years (CI, 0.1% to 0.4%), with a case-fatality rate of 3.6% (CI, 1.9% to 5.7%).Estimates come from heterogeneous trial and cohort populations and are not derived from patient-level longitudinal data. Differences in case-fatality rates during and after anticoagulation may be attributable to unmeasured patient characteristics.The case-fatality rates of recurrent VTE and major bleeding events are similar during the initial period of VTE treatment. The case-fatality rate of recurrent VTE decreases after completion of the initial period of anticoagulation. When combined with absolute rates of recurrent VTE and major bleeding events, case-fatality rates provide clinicians with a surrogate measure of mortality to balance the risks and benefits of anticoagulant therapy in patients with VTE.Canadian Institute for Health Research and Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.