tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Approach to Beauty in Medicine
Authors: Alison J. Huang
Journal: JAMA (2001)

IN 1907 A SURGEON NAMED CHARLES C. MILLER DESCRIBED WHAT HE SAW as a growing preoccupation with physical beauty in society. “For years,” he warned, “the newspapers and magazines have been devoting many pages to ‘Beauty Chats,’ . . . and the people have gradually developed a desire for knowledge of those means which will enable them to appear to the best advantage.” While his colleagues ridiculed patients seeking correction of cosmetic defects, Miller was anxious for them to be seen by responsible surgeons: “Every practitioner who laughs at the patient who questions him regarding an operation, takes the chance of seeing that patient return . . . disfigured for life.” Nearly a century later, the American public is arguably just as concerned about physical attractiveness as it was in the early days of cosmetic surgery. In a recent survey asking whether “physical beauty” or “inner beauty” “counts more in the real world,” for example, more than a third of participants over the age of 18 said that they thought physical beauty “counts” more. Nearly a quarter of women said they considered maintaining an attractive physical appearance “essential,” and more than half of women said that they considered it at least “important.” At the same time, public demand for more diverse and sophisticated ways of enhancing appearance continues to arouse conflicting feelings in the medical profession. On the one hand, clinicians specializing in fields such as dermatology, plastic and reconstructive surgery, and cosmetic dentistry have seen an explosion in the demand for their services. According to the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, the number of cosmetic procedures performed annually in the United States has more than tripled in the past decade. On the other hand, clinicians from all medical fields may worry that patients’ concerns about their appearance may distract them from issues that are more critical to their health. While it is clear that a person’s appearance can affect his or her social and economic success, it is not obvious that beauty is “medically necessary” for well-being. Furthermore, psychiatric conditions associated with body image distress point to ways in which patients’ anxieties about their appearance can cause them to adopt behaviors damaging to their health. This issue of MSJAMA examines themes surrounding cosmesis in medicine. Is it possible to distinguish between normative and pathological body image distress? Can clinicians use patients’ dissatisfaction with their appearance to motivate them to change their behavior? How has the medical profession helped to shape stereotypes about beauty? Can physicians, patients, and insurers agree on what distinguishes “cosmetic” and “therapeutic” procedures? Today, concerns about appearance and concerns about health continue to overlap.
Regulation of ciliary neurotrophic factor expression in myelin-related Schwann cells in vivo
Authors: Beth Friedman, Steven S. Scherer, John S. Rudge, Maureen Helgren, Donna Morrisey, Joyce McClain, Da-yuan Wang, Stanley J. Wiegand, Mark E. Furth, Ronald M. Lindsay, Nancy Y. Ip
Journal: Neuron (1992)
Mammography After Augmentation Mammoplasty-Reply
Authors: Neal Handel
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Leibman correctly points out that displacement (Eklund) mammography images anterior breast tissue better, while compression mammography may image posterior and lateral areas better. While our measurement studies indicated that only slightly more (about 5%) of the breast is visualized with the displacement technique, it is probable that the regions visualized with the two techniques do not completely coincide. Both techniques may be necessary to maximally visualize the augmented breast, but of course this exposes patients to double the radiation dose. The decision about whether both techniques are necessary in screening the augmented breast is best left to the mammographer supervising the examination. Dr Leibman comments on the fact that the mammograms in Fig 2 "are of poor technical quality because of underpenetrated technique." Actually, this appearance is an artifact of photo reproduction; images appearing in print are fourth generation, and as such have lost a great deal
The Hazards of Scoring the Quality of Clinical Trials for Meta-analysis
Authors: Peter Jüni
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Although it is widely recommended that clinical trials undergo some type of quality review, the number and variety of quality assessment scales that exist make it unclear how to achieve the best assessment.To determine whether the type of quality assessment scale used affects the conclusions of meta-analytic studies.Meta-analysis of 17 trials comparing low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with standard heparin for prevention of postoperative thrombosis using 25 different scales to identify high-quality trials. The association between treatment effect and summary scores and the association with 3 key domains (concealment of treatment allocation, blinding of outcome assessment, and handling of withdrawals) were examined in regression models.Pooled relative risks of deep vein thrombosis with LMWH vs standard heparin in high-quality vs low-quality trials as determined by 25 quality scales.Pooled relative risks from high-quality trials ranged from 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.90) to 0.90 (95% CI, 0.67-1.21) vs 0.52 (95% CI, 0.24-1.09) to 1.13 (95% CI, 0.70-1.82) for low-quality trials. For 6 scales, relative risks of high-quality trials were close to unity, indicating that LMWH was not significantly superior to standard heparin, whereas low-quality trials showed better protection with LMWH (P<.05). Seven scales showed the opposite: high quality trials showed an effect whereas low quality trials did not. For the remaining 12 scales, effect estimates were similar in the 2 quality strata. In regression analysis, summary quality scores were not significantly associated with treatment effects. There was no significant association of treatment effects with allocation concealment and handling of withdrawals. Open outcome assessment, however, influenced effect size with the effect of LMWH, on average, being exaggerated by 35% (95% CI, 1%-57%; P= .046).Our data indicate that the use of summary scores to identify trials of high quality is problematic. Relevant methodological aspects should be assessed individually and their influence on effect sizes explored.
Carbamylated erythropoietin-FC fusion protein and recombinant human erythropoietin during porcine kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Šárka Matějková, Angelika Scheuerle, Florian Wagner, Oscar McCook, José Matallo, Michael Gröger, Andrea Seifritz, Bettina Stahl, Brigitta Vcelar, Enrico Calzia, Michael Georgieff, Peter Möller, Hubert Schelzig, Peter Radermacher, Florian Simon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Raloxifene hydrochloride is an adjuvant antiviral treatment of postmenopausal women with chronic hepatitis C: A randomized trial
Authors: Norihiro Furusyo, Eiichi Ogawa, Masayuki Sudoh, Masayuki Murata, Takeshi Ihara, Takeo Hayashi, Hiroaki Ikezaki, Satoshi Hiramine, Haru Mukae, Kazuhiro Toyoda, Hiroaki Taniai, Kyoko Okada, Mosaburo Kainuma, Eiji Kajiwara, Jun Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
IGF-1 down-regulates IFN-γR2 chain surface expression and desensitizes IFN-γ/STAT-1 signaling in human T lymphocytes
Authors: Paola Bernabei, Marita Bosticardo, Giuliana Losana, Gabriella Regis, Francesca Di Paola, Stefania De Angelis, Mirella Giovarelli, Francesco Novelli
Journal: Blood (2003)
IDENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES OF SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN *
Authors: G. M. Grodsky, J. V. Carbone, R. Fanska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) is normally cleared from the blood by the liver and excreted into the bile.Brauer, Krebs and Pessotti (1) originally reported that part of the pigment appearing in dog bile was chromatographically different from the in- jected dye.Our studies using differenlt chromato- graphic techniques indicate that in man the bulk of the recovered pigments (65 to 75 per cent, ac- cording to estimates based on their absorption at 575 nu) consists of two metabolites.Similar metabolites are normally found in the urine and trace amounts also appear in the serum.The ab- sorption spectra in the visible range and the in- dicator characteristics of BSP and the metabolic products were indistinguishable (2).The liver apparently is capable of producing the metabolites, since they have beeni demonstrated in bile from preparations of isolated rat liver perfused with BSP (3, 4).Variations in the concentra- tion of BSP metabolites in serum and urine of patients witlh liver disease are reported elsewhere (5).Since the chemical difference between the free dye and its metabolites elucidates in part the mechanismii of hepatic function involved in BSP clearance, characterization of this structural difference has received considerable attention.BSP is a derivative of phenolphthalein, therefore both compounds cotuld be excreted by the sanme patlh- way, that is, by conjugation witlh glucuronic acid (6).This mechanism for BSP clearance appears unlikely since the metabolites were stable to hy- drolysis with 8-glucuronidase (4, 7), with dilute acid and with dilute base, and gave a negative Dische reaction for uronlic acid (4).Further- miiore, both of the major metabolites in human bile were associated with ninhydrin-positive substances,
Ethosuximide in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Eli S. Goldensohn
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THIS STUDY deals with the effectiveness of ethosuximide (Zarontin) in the treatment of 100 patients with recurrent, short, mild seizures, mostly typical petit mal attacks. Interest in the succcinimides began with the demonstration of their anticonvulsant effects in experimental animals by Miller et al. and by Chen et al. This led to the clinical evaluation of phensuximide (Milontin) and, later, of methsuximide (Celontin). Although both of these compounds have a place in the treatment of convulsive disorders, they are of limited value in petit mal. The third succinimide, ethosuximide, which is the subject of this report, was found to be highly protective against pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol)-induced seizures in experimental animals. A number of encouraging reports on its effectiveness in controlling petit mal epilepsy have appeared. Method The 100 patients reported on are from the Seizure Clinic population at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, or are private patients under the management of neurologists
AIDS and Residency Training
Authors: Vipul Singh, Issam Raad, Randa Hamadeh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 April 1991AIDS and Residency TrainingVipul Singh, MD, Issam Raad, MD, Randa Hamadeh, MDVipul Singh, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Issam Raad, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Randa Hamadeh, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-7-605_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Hayward and Shapiro (1) recently reported the results of a national study of AIDS and residency training. The results of our recent survey support some of their findings. Internal medicine housestafif from seven university hospitals were surveyed to evaluate the effect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on their education, stress, and infection control practices. The centers were located in areas with high, moderate, and low prevalences of AIDS in New York, California, Florida, Ohio, Nebraska, West Virginia, and South Dakota. A total of 198 residents (60%) responded. They were evenly...References1. Hayward R and Shapiro M. A national study of AIDS and residency training: experiences, concerns, and consequences. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:23-32. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Wachter R. The impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on medical residency training. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:177-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Henderson D, Beekman S, and Gerberding J. Post-exposure antiviral chemoprophylaxis following occupational exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Updates. 1990;3:1-8. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Vipul Singh, MD; Issam Raad, MD; Randa Hamadeh, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNew chiral N-(N,N-dialkylamino)sulfamoyl-1,2-diamine ligands for highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of ketones 1 April 1991Volume 114, Issue 7Page: 605-606KeywordsAIDSHIVHospital medicineResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cephalexin Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Cesar G. Fung-Herrera
Journal: JAMA (1974)

OF THE cephalosporin group of antibiotics, cephaloridine has been demonstrated to be a nephrotoxic agent, and clinical evidence is accumulating to indicate cephalothin sodium as a cause of acute renal failure in some instances. An elderly mildly diabetic patient was treated for a urinary tract infection with normal dosage of cephalexin monohydrate. The patient developed transient nephrohepatotoxicity but this condition responded to withdrawal of the drug. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 70-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital on May 27, 1973, complaining of dysuria, chills, and fever of seven days' duration. No hematuria was found. Two days later he was treated with sulfonamides and ampicillin. He was a known diabetic receiving tolbutamide medication. Fifteen years ago, he underwent a radical prostatectomy for carcinoma. He had passed uric acid stones on four previous occasions, the last on March 28, 1973. Urine sample disclosed a specific gravity of 1.015 and
Risk assessment of nickel carcinogenicity and occupational lung cancer.
Authors: H M Shen, Q F Zhang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Recent progress in risk assessment of nickel carcinogenicity and its correlation with occupational lung cancer in nickel-exposed workers is reviewed. Epidemiological investigations provide reliable data indicating the close relation between nickel exposure and high lung cancer risk, especially in nickel refineries. The nickel species-specific effects and the dose-response relationship between nickel exposure and lung cancer are among the main questions that are explored extensively. It is also suggested that some confounding factors such as cigarette smoking cannot be neglected. The determination of nickel concentration in lung tissue may be conducive to estimating the nickel exposure level, but it is uncertain whether the high nickel content in lung tissue indicates high lung cancer risk in nickel-exposed workers. Immunologic studies suggest that the suppressive effect of nickel on NK cell activity and interferon production may also be involved in the mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis. As a potential mutagen, nickel can cause chromosome damage both in vitro and in vivo; and on a molecular basis, nickel is found to induce DNA damage (DNA strandbreaks and crosslinks, infidelity of DNA replication, inhibition of DNA repair, and the helical transition of B-DNA to Z-DNA) by binding of nickel ions to DNA and nuclear proteins. The discovery of oncogene promises both a challenge and an opportunity for nickel carcinogenesis research. It can be predicted that, with the rapid development of molecular biology and oncology, new approaches will be established for both understanding and controlling nickel-induced occupational lung cancer.
Molecular staging of lymph nodes from 60 patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: correlation with histopathology and outcome suggests prognostic relevance in mycosis fungoides
Authors: E.A. Fraser-Andrews, T. Mitchell, S. Ferreira, P.T. Seed, R. Russell-Jones, E. Calonje, S.J. Whittaker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Histological evidence of lymph node involvement is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Objectives To determine whether T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene analysis is of prognostic relevance in CTCL. Methods TCR gene analysis was performed on lymph node specimens from 60 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) using a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/single‐strand conformational polymorphism analysis and results were correlated with skin, overall clinical and histological lymph node stages. Results The frequency with which a T‐cell clone was detected in lymph node samples from patients with MF increased with skin stage, overall clinical stage and with the degree of histological involvement: six of 19 patients with uninvolved lymph nodes or limited histological involvement (LN0–2) and 13 of 14 patients with advanced histological involvement (LN3–4) had a detectable T‐cell clone. In SS, 22 of 27 patients had a detectable lymph node T‐cell clone. The clonal patients had a poorer prognosis than nonclonal patients (median survival from biopsy of > 72 months vs. 16 months for MF and 41·5 vs. 16·5 months for SS). Regression analysis confirmed that TCR gene analysis identifies a group of MF patients with a worse prognosis (P = 0·013). However, the molecular lymph node stage did not provide independent prognostic information in this cohort of patients in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Molecular staging in MF and SS using a PCR‐based method for TCR gene analysis provides additional information to histological examination. Specifically, this study identified a group of MF patients with early lymph node involvement with a poorer prognosis. However, a larger prospective study of patients with MF and early histological lymph node involvement is required to confirm whether molecular staging of lymph nodes provides independent prognostic information in a multivariate model.
Impact of Initial FDG-PET/CT and Serum-Free Light Chain on Transformation of Conventionally Defined Solitary Plasmacytoma to Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Guillemette Fouquet, Stéphanie Guidez, Charles Herbaux, Zoé Van de Wyngaert, Sarah Bonnet, David Beauvais, Hélène Demarquette, Salim Adib, Bénédicte Hivert, Mathieu Wemeau, Céline Berthon, Louis Terriou, Valérie Coiteux, Margaret Macro, Olivier Decaux, Thierry Facon, Damien Huglo, Xavier Leleu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) is a localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in either bone or soft tissue, without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM), and whose prognosis is marked by a high risk of transformation to MM.We studied the impact of FDG-PET/CT (2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography) on the risk of transformation of SP to overt MM among other markers in a series of 43 patients diagnosed with SP.Median age was 57.5 years; 48% of patients had an abnormal involved serum-free light chain (sFLC) value, and 64% had an abnormal sFLC ratio at diagnosis. Thirty-three percent had two or more hypermetabolic lesions on initial PET/CT, and 20% had two or more focal lesions on initial MRI. With a median follow-up of 50 months, 14 patients transformed to MM with a median time (TTMM) of 71 months. The risk factors that significantly shortened TTMM at diagnosis were two or more hypermetabolic lesions on PET/CT, abnormal sFLC ratio and involved sFLC, and to a lesser extent at completion of treatment, absence of normalized involved sFLC and PET/CT or MRI. In a multivariate analysis, abnormal initial involved sFLC [OR = 10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1-87; P = 0.008] and PET/CT (OR = 5; 95% CI, 0-9; P = 0.032) independently shortened TTMM.An abnormal involved sFLC value and the presence of at least two hypermetabolic lesions on PET/CT at diagnosis of SP were the two predictors of early evolution to myeloma in our series. This data analysis will need confirmation in a larger study, and the study of these two risk factors may lead to a different management of patients with SP in the future. .
REPORT OF TWO CASES OF SUPPURATING MASTOIDITIS.
Authors: J. H. BRYAN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In presenting the following cases of mastoid disease, it is with the object of demonstrating the evil results that are liable to follow acute suppurations of the middle ear, especially when treated with the indiscriminate application of poultices, and the injudicious use of the Politzer air bag. In spite of the advances that have been made within recent years in the treatment of these affections, and the serious results that are almost sure to follow when these cases are badly treated, we still find physicians using the poultice to cause an abscess of the mastoid region to break externally. It has been my misfortune to have had several of these badly managed cases to treat, the histories of two of which are herewith subjoined. I think they are good object lessons and may be a warning to some physicians not to allow their cases to go to the verge of
Airways responsiveness, wheeze onset, and recurrent asthma episodes in young adolescents. The East Boston Childhood Respiratory Disease Cohort.
Authors: V J Carey, S T Weiss, I B Tager, S R Leeder, F E Speizer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To describe the role of airways responsiveness in predicting incidence of wheeze in early adolescence and to examine the association between airways responsiveness and active asthma symptoms, children who had been tested for airways hyperresponsiveness were assessed prospectively. Of 770 children in the East Boston Childhood Respiratory Disease Cohort who were between 5 and 9 yr of age at time of entry into the study, 281 children received airways challenges during voluntary follow-up conducted between 1980 and 1986. Each subject presented a sequence of wheeze or asthma diagnosis reports along with a sequence of time-varying covariates, including airways challenge results and symptom and exposure information. A robust "pooled repeated observations" analog of the proportional hazard regression model was used to assess associations among risk factors and the probability of incident wheeze or active asthma. In the analysis of wheeze incidence, airways responsiveness (elicited via eucapnic hyperventilation with cold air or methacholine challenge) among those free of a history of wheeze at a given visit was found to be associated with a greater tendency to develop wheezing in the next visit (odds ratio [OR] = 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21, 12.66), after controlling for a constellation of known risk factors. In the analysis of recurrent asthma episodes, airways responsiveness at a given visit was associated with a greater tendency to have an asthma diagnosis reported at the subsequent visit (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.92, 9.23). For subjects presenting multiple airways responsiveness challenge studies, two successive positive airways responsiveness results were independently associated with a higher likelihood of recurrent asthma episodes. These results confirm the predictive importance of airways responsiveness in the natural history of the development and persistence of asthmatic symptoms.