tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonmedical Use of Pentazocine
Authors: William J. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  Recent reports on the nonmedical use of pentazocine (Talwin) and tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine) by Showalter and Moore (239:1610, 1978) and by Poklis (240:108, 1978) may describe only the tip of the iceberg of nonmedical use of pentazocine.  The previous reports described the use of pentazocine and tripelennamine in a combination called T's and Blues as a heroin substitute by street users. Within the past six months, we have begun receiving reports of the use of pentazocine in combination with other drugs for a psychoactive effect.  Four respondents to our ongoing drug use survey have reported combining pentazocine with promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan), and two respondents have reported using pentazocine with prochlorperazine (Compazine). The respondents indicated that usually tablets were crushed and prepared for injection, but that occasionally they were able to obtain drugs in the injectable form, indicating a probable diversion of medical supplies.  None of our respondents were
Promoting Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis—Recent Advances
Authors: E. Jolanda Münzel, Anna Williams
Journal: Drugs (2013)

We review the current state of knowledge of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), concentrating on advances in the understanding of the pathology and the regenerative response, and we summarise progress on the development of new therapies to enhance remyelination aimed at reducing progressive accumulation of disability in MS. We discuss key target pathways identified in experimental models, as although most identified targets have not yet progressed to the stage of being tested in human clinical trials, they may provide treatment strategies for demyelinating diseases in the future. Finally, we discuss some of the problems associated with testing this class of drugs, where they might fit into the therapeutic arsenal and the gaps in our knowledge.
GP consultations have become more intense and complex, shows survey
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

GPs are facing increasingly complex and intense consultations that are difficult to squeeze into the traditional 10 minute time slot, a BMA survey has found.

The final results of the national survey of GP opinion, which was sent out to 46 700 GPs in the United Kingdom in April, also show that GPs in England have serious concerns about the effects that the Health and Social Care Bill will have on care of patients and the trust between doctors and patients.

Altogether 18 757 GPs responded to the survey, a response rate of 40%—a significant increase on the 25% who responded to a similar survey …
CROSS-SECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF URINARY ALBUMIN EXCRETION WITH OSTEOPROTEGERIN, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Dimitris Tsiachris, Alexandros Kasiakogias, Eirini Andrikou, Antigoni Miliou, Elli Stefanadi, Andreas Michaelides
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Reversibility of Pulmonary Telangiectasia in Liver Cirrhosis Evidenced by Serial Dynamic Pulmonary Perfusion Imaging
Authors: HIROSHI SHIJO, KOHICHI NAKAYAMA, HARUKA SASAKI, TOSHIHARU UEKI, SEIGO SAKAGUCHI, HIROMICHI SAKATA, MAKOTO OKUMURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Pulmonary perfusion Imaging with Tc-99m MAA revealed significant uptake in the lungs, brain, spleen, and both kidneys of a 48-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis and pulmonary telangiectasia associated with marked hypoxemia and cyanosis. Dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging revealed a gradual reduction after peak uptake in both lungs. Several weeks after albumin replacement, the hypoxia and dyspnea disappeared with no change in hepatocellular function. At that time, dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging revealed a plateau-like time-activity curve of uptake in the lungs, as compared with the findings obtained during the state of severe hypoxemia. These observations suggest that pulmonary teleangiectasia in a patient with liver cirrhosis may be due to functional vasodilatation. Serial dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging indicates the passage of the MAA particles through the widened lumen of the pulmonary alveolar capillaries.
Targeted Deletion of Class A Macrophage Scavenger Receptor Increases the Risk of Cardiac Rupture After Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kenichi Tsujita, Koichi Kaikita, Takanori Hayasaki, Tsuyoshi Honda, Hironori Kobayashi, Naomi Sakashita, Hiroshi Suzuki, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Hisao Ogawa, Motohiro Takeya
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Class A macrophage scavenger receptor (SR-A) is a macrophage-restricted multifunctional molecule that optimizes the inflammatory response by modulation of the activity of inflammatory cytokines. This study was conducted with SR-A-deficient (SR-A(-/-)) mice to evaluate the relationship between SR-A and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.Experimental myocardial infarction (MI) was produced by ligation of the left coronary artery in SR-A(-/-) and wild-type (WT) male mice. The number of mice that died within 4 weeks after MI was significantly greater in SR-A(-/-) mice than in WT mice (P=0.03). Importantly, death caused by cardiac rupture within 1 week after MI was 31% (17 of 54 mice) in SR-A(-/-) mice and 12% (6 of 51 mice) in WT mice (P=0.01). In situ zymography demonstrated augmented gelatinolytic activity in the infarcted myocardium in SR-A(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at day 3 after MI showed that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA increased significantly in the infarcted myocardium in SR-A(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, SR-A(-/-) mice showed augmented expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reduction of interleukin-10 in the infarcted myocardium at day 3 after MI. In vitro experiments also demonstrated increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and decreased interleukin-10 expression in activated SR-A(-/-) macrophages.The present findings suggest that SR-A deficiency might cause impairment of infarct remodeling that results in cardiac rupture via insufficient production of interleukin-10 and enhanced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and of matrix metalloproteinase-9. SR-A might contribute to the prevention of cardiac rupture after MI.
Streptococcal Endocarditis (Nonenterococcal, Non-group A)
Authors: Robert F. Malacoff
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A 14-year experience with streptococcal endocarditis was reviewed. The effect of single vs combination antibiotic therapy on the relapse rate was found to be comparable. Of 68 patients treated, four patients died during therapy. Two of 46 patients receiving single-agent and none of 18 patients receiving combination therapy experienced a relapse. Duration of symptoms before diagnosis was the main risk factor predisposing to relapse, which occurred in two of 13 patients with symptoms for longer than three months and in none of 51 patients with symptoms for three months or less before diagnosis. Combination therapy offered no advantage over a single agent in the latter group. Optimal therapy for patients with symptoms for longer than three months could not be determined in this study. However, no relapses were observed in this high-risk group when a single agent was given for longer than 21 days. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1807-1810, 1979)
CLASS III ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC DRUGS ARE SAFE TO DECREASE DEFIBRILLATOR SHOCKS: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Alexandre M. Benjo, Shashi Kumar, Firas Kaddaha, Chaithanya Pamidimukala, Georges El Hayek, Cezar Benjo, Marcos Molina, Salim Kanaan, Eyal Herzog, Emad Aziz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Growth in utero and serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life.
Authors: D J Barker, C N Martyn, C Osmond, C N Hales, C H Fall
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To see whether reduced rates of fetal growth are related to raised serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life. DESIGN--Follow up study of men and women whose size at birth had been recorded. SETTING--Jessop and Northern General Hospitals, Sheffield. SUBJECTS--219 men and women born in the Jessop Hospital during 1939-40. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. RESULTS--Men and women who had had a small abdominal circumference at birth had raised serum concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. This was independent of the duration of gestation. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol fell by 0.25 mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.42) with each 1 in (2.54 cm) increase in abdominal circumference. The corresponding figure for serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.26 mmol/l (0.11 to 0.42) and for serum apolipoprotein B 0.04 g/l (0.02 to 0.07). Small head and chest circumferences at birth and short length were each associated with raised serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations but the trends disappeared in a simultaneous regression with abdominal circumference at birth. The association between abdominal circumference at birth and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was independent of social class, current body weight, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION--Raised serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life are associated with impaired growth during late gestation, when fetal undernutrition has a disproportionate effect on liver growth. Impaired liver growth may permanently alter low density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism.
And God will fill the bullet holes with candy
Authors: B. J Genovese
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Do not weep for them, madre. They are gone forever, the little ones, straight to heaven to the saints, and God will fill the bullet-holes with candy.

NORMAN ROSTEN, In Guernica from The Fourth Decade and Other Poems, 1943

I wish I could be very far from here-pretty much. I am secretly afraid of a lot of things—very much. I feel alone even when there are people around me—pretty much. I worry most of the time—very much. I worry about what my parents will say to me—very much. Often I have trouble getting my breath—very much. I have trouble swallowing—very much. My feelings are easily hurt—very much. It is hard for me to go to sleep at night—very much. I feel someone will tell me I do things the wrong way—very much. I often feel sick in my stomach—very much. I worry when I go to bed at night—very much. I often worry about what could happen to my parents—very much. I get tired easily—very much. I am nervous—very much.

These answers were given by a 9 year old as he responded to questions on a psychological battery of tests that measured the mental health of children. Another section had to do with emotional support: “Who do you talk to when you're upset?” An innocuous enough question, as was his answer: “My brother.” Then I asked, “How old is your brother?” “4.”

In 1991 I moonlighted as a research assistant on a study to look at the mental health of children between the ages of 6 and 12 living in homeless shelters in Los Angeles County. The objectives of our study were threefold: to describe the mental health and academic problems among sheltered homeless children—depression, behaviour problems, severe academic delays, witness to violence; to identify which homeless children have more …
Diagnosis of subacute ventricular wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction: Sensitivity and specificity of clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic criteria
Authors: José López-Sendón, Ana González, Esteban López de Sá, Isabel Coma-Canella, Inmaculada Roldán, Francisco Domínguez, Isidoro Maqueda, Luis Martín Jadraque
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Elimination of the hazards from hazardous wastes.
Authors: E F Gloyna, R D Taylor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The "hazard" associated with a waste essentially controls the overall engineering approach to finding suitable alternatives for solving potential disposal problems. It should be recognized that all factors affecting environmental equilibrium must be considered, including product sales, process design, financing, pre- and end-of-pipe treatment, residuals management, and ultimate bioaccumulation of residuals. To meet this challenge, a systems approach to waste treatment and residuals disposal provides a logical approach, but this management concept requires a thorough understanding of the important physical and chemical aspects of the problem, as well as many social implications of the resulting decisions. Thus waste management within a plant necessarily involves process control, pretreatment and end-of-pipe treatment. Further, it follows that residuals management from a disposal point-of-view must ultimately embrace what is called the "multi-barrier concept." In essence, hazard elimination occurs in varying degrees during each phase of a properly engineered system.
Predictors of Objective Cough Frequency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Helen Sumner, Ashley Woodcock, Umme Kolsum, Rachel Dockry, Aili L. Lazaar, Dave Singh, Jørgen Vestbo, Jaclyn A. Smith
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Cough is one of the principal symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but the potential drivers of cough are likely to be multifactorial and poorly understood.Objectives: To quantify cough frequency in an unselected group of subjects with COPD and investigate the relationships between cough, reported sputum production, smoking, pulmonary function, and cellular airway inflammation.Methods: We studied 68 subjects with COPD (mean age, 65.6 ± 6.7 yr; 67.6% male; 23 smokers; 45 ex-smokers) and 24 healthy volunteers (mean age, 57.5 ± 8.9 yr; 37.5% male; 12 smokers; 12 nonsmokers). Subjects reported cough severity, cough-specific quality of life, and sputum expectoration and performed spirometry, sputum induction, cough reflex sensitivity to capsaicin, and 24-hour ambulatory cough monitoring.Measurements and Main Results: COPD current smokers had the highest cough rates (median, 9 coughs/h [interquartile range, 4.3–15.6 coughs/h]), almost double that of COPD ex-smokers (4.9 [2.3–8.7] coughs/h; P = 0.018) and healthy smokers (5.3 [1.2–8.3] coughs/h; P = 0.03), whereas healthy volunteers coughed the least (0.7 [0.2–1.4] coughs/h). Cough frequency was not influenced by age or sex and only weakly correlated with cough reflex sensitivity to capsaicin (log C5 r = −0.36; P = 0.004). Reported sputum production, smoking history, and current cigarette consumption strongly predicted cough frequency, explaining 45.1% variance in a general linear model (P < 0.001). In subjects producing a sputum sample, cough frequency was related to current cigarette consumption and percentage of sputum neutrophils (P = 0.002).Conclusions: Ambulatory objective monitoring provides novel insights into the determinants of cough in COPD, suggesting sputum production, smoking, and airway inflammation may be more important than sensitivity of the cough reflex.
Measles virus transmembrane fusion protein synthesized de novo or presented in immunostimulating complexes is endogenously processed for HLA class I- and class II-restricted cytotoxic T cell recognition.
Authors: R S van Binnendijk, C A van Baalen, M C Poelen, P de Vries, J Boes, V Cerundolo, A D Osterhaus, F G UytdeHaag
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The routes used by antigen-presenting cells (APC) to convert the transmembrane fusion glycoprotein (F) of measles virus (MV) to HLA class I and class II presentable peptides have been examined, using cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes in functional assays. Presentation by Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines was achieved using live virus, ultraviolet light-inactivated virus, and purified MV-F delivered either as such or incorporated in immunostimulating complexes (MV-F-ISCOM). Only live virus and MV-F-ISCOM allow presentation by class I molecules, while all antigen preparations permit class II-restricted presentation. We observe presentation of MV-F from live virus and as MV-F-ISCOM by class II molecules in a fashion that is not perturbed by chloroquine. Our studies visualize novel presentation pathways of type I transmembrane proteins.
Genetic determinants of bone mass in adults. A twin study.
Authors: N A Pocock, J A Eisman, J L Hopper, M G Yeates, P N Sambrook, S Eberl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The relative importance of genetic factors in determining bone mass in different parts of the skeleton is poorly understood. Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density and forearm bone mineral content were measured by photon absorptiometry in 38 monozygotic and 27 dizygotic twin pairs. Bone mineral density was significantly more highly correlated in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins for the spine and proximal femur and in the forearm of premenopausal twin pairs, which is consistent with significant genetic contributions to bone mass at all these sites. The lesser genetic contribution to proximal femur and distal forearm bone mass compared with the spine suggests that environmental factors are of greater importance in the aetiology of osteopenia of the hip and wrist. This is the first demonstration of a genetic contribution to bone mass of the spine and proximal femur in adults and confirms similar findings of the forearm. Furthermore, bivariate analysis suggested that a single gene or set of genes determines bone mass at all sites.
Human Proinsulin Normalizes Fasting Hyperglycemia in Patients With NIDDM
Authors: RoseMarie Pasmantier, Sondra R Hirsch, Harold E Lebovitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Human proinsulin (HPI) acutely lowers plasma glucose (PG) with 8% of the potency of insulin on a molar basis (1). Studies have shown the duration of action of HPI is longer than that of insulin, and its ability to suppress hepatic glucose production is 50% greater than its ability to stimulate glucose uptake compared with insulin (2). These data suggest that HPI may have a role in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We compared the efficacy of HPI versus sulfonylureas in chronically (6 mo) controlling glycemia in patients with NIDDM who had previously not been adequately controlled on sulfonylureas.
The Process of Individual Human Change
Authors: R.A. Pierrloot
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The possibility and the ways of modifying behaviour patterns, by offering an individual an opportunity of interaction with a more or less structured situation, are a challenge for every form of psychotherapy. Different models have been formularized. Starting from the structural model of psycho-analysis, the ego-adaptative approach, the object relations theory and the interpersonal-evaluative system have been elaborated. The existential and client-centered model are based on the assumption that man disposes of innate potentialities, which have to be actualized. Therapeutic change consists in a liberation from impediments hampering this actualizing. In the methods of behaviour therapy favourable changes in behaviour are supposed to occur by learning-procedures of stimulus-response change, based on methods of conditioning. It is evident that the concepts, used in a given model of behaviour modification, will also have a repercussion in different attitudes towards and in the psychotherapeutic approach. Two topics are briefly discussed: the opportunities of evaluation of change and the task attributed to the therapist in the process of change.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY-DERIVED CORONARY PLAQUE ARC CALCIFICATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CULPRIT LESION STATUS IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Rani K. Hasan, Andrea Vavere, Carlos Rochitte, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Ilan Gottlieb, John Texter, Marc Dewey, Hiroyuki Niinuma, Melvin Clouse, Joao Lima, Jeffrey Brinker, Julie Miller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Chloroquine-Pyrimethamine-Sulfisoxazole Therapy of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Steven J. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Successful therapy for falciparum malaria is of current interest because of the American commitment in South Vietnam and the chloroquine-resistant strains encountered there. With quinine-pyrimethamine-diaminodiphenylsulfone therapy, radical cures can be expected in more than 95% of the patients. An alternative regimen employs chloroquine, pyrimethamine, and sulfisoxazole and excludes quinine. Seventy-six patients treated with this combination at Naval Support Activity Hospital, DaNang, Republic of Vietnam, were rapidly and radically cured. Furthermore, the duration of fever was shorter when chloroquine was used in combination in the place of quinine.
Phosphate and FGF-23
Authors: Harald Jüppner
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 is probably the most important regulator of serum phosphate and calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) levels. It is secreted by osteocytes and osteoblasts in response to oral phosphate loading or increased serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels. In human chronic kidney disease (CKD), plasma FGF-23 appears to be a sensitive biomarker of abnormal renal phosphate handling, as FGF-23 levels increase during early stages of kidney malfunction. In humans and animals with CKD, elevated FGF-23 levels increase fractional phosphate excretion, reduce serum phosphate levels, and reduce 1α-hydroxylase activity, which reduces 1,25(OH)2D3 formation thereby increasing parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. FGF-23 thus has a key adaptive role in maintaining normophosphatemia. Plasma FGF-23 continues to increase as CKD progresses, increasing by orders of magnitude in end-stage renal disease. At the same time, responsiveness to FGF-23 declines as the number of intact nephrons declines, which is associated with reduced expression of Klotho, the co-receptor required for FGF-23 signaling. In late CKD, FGF-23 cannot reduce serum phosphate levels, and abnormally high plasma FGF-23 concentrations appear to exert unwarranted off-target effects, including left ventricular hypertrophy, faster CKD progression, and premature mortality. Lowering serum phosphate levels through the use of oral phosphate binders and/or long-acting PTH agents may reduce FGF-23 levels in early CKD stages, thereby limiting off-target effects, which may improve patient outcomes.