tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Blood Protein Leakage in Inflammation
Authors: EMIL ASCHHEIM, BENJAMIN W. ZWEIFACH
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

A method has been developed for following the course of the inflammatory reaction by assaying the radioactivity changes of the skin of rats injected intravenously with radioiodinated human serum albumin (RISA). For this purpose, the term "clearance" has been introduced. It defines the amount of blood, in milliliters, completely cleared of radioactive material by 1 Gm. of dry skin. The initial reaction follows strictly a course described by the formula a = b t c , where (a) is the difference between the average clearance of the inflamed and normal skin samples, (t) is the time in minutes, and (b) and (c) are constants. For normal-, medium-, and large-sized rats, as well as adrenalectomized animals, subjected to Xylene irritation, the (c) value was characteristically constant and equal to 2. Heat injury, on the other hand, is characterized by a lower exponent. The value of the constant (b) varied with the experimental group. The functional or anatomical factors reflected in these constants are not established. Nutritional blood flow was determined at close intervals during the development of the inflammatory reaction. It is postulated that the characteristic kinetics of the transudation of blood proteins into the inflamed skin reflects the changes in nutritional blood flow and vascular-exchange area which accompany the development of the reaction. The view is expressed that the passage of smaller molecules across normal vessel walls is likewise regulated by changes in blood flow and extent of vascular exchange.
STUDIES ON THE CLOT-PROMOTING ACTIVITY OF GLASS
Authors: Eleazar Shafrir, Andre de Vries
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

Although the clot-promoting activity of foreign surfaces has been the subject of many studies dur- ing almost a century (1) its nature is not yet un- derstood.While glass has been thought to acti- vate platelets (2), recent studies have mostly been concerned with the effect of glass on plasma clot- ting factors.Quick maintained that contact with glass activates the precursor of prothrombin, prothrombi- nogen (3) as well as the precursor of plasma thromboplastin, possibly antihemophilic factor A (4).Conley and his associates (5-8) have re- ported that contact with glass markedly shortens the clotting time of silicone prepared "platelet free" plasma and increases its prothrombin utilization.They concluded that glass activates "plasma thromboplastin," a constituent residing in the globulin fraction.Biggs, Douglas, and Macfar- lane (9) stated that the increased clotting activity developed in plasma by contact with glass is probably due to a change in Christmas Factor (PTC, antihemophilic factor B). Alexander, de Vries, and Goldstein (10) observed that contact with glass during clotting of blood favors the evolution of SPCA (convertin, Factor VII).Rapaport, Aas, and Owren (11) showed that exposure to glass markedly increases the activity of procon- vertin as well as of PTC.Other communications (12, 13) attributed the clot-promoting activity of glass to removal of lipid or protein inhibitors of the first phase of coagulation, i.e., the evolution of thromboplastic activity.In the present study it is shown that a plasma clotting factor other than those mentioned above may be activated by contact with glass. MATERIALS AND METHODSCollection of blood.Human venous blood was col- lected by the two-syringe method using silicone coated needles and glassware.
The Face Beyond
Authors: Olson Huff
Journal: JAMA (1984)

ABSTRACT Occasionally, when my day seems such a jumble of incessantly crying children, demanding problems, and lengthening hours, as to make me wonder about my choice of profession, I remember the face of a certain child, and I am renewed.My career was to be in medicine; I knew that and had thought of nothing else long before I entered the university. Pediatrics was only a blur of an idea, however, during those college days, when one of my extracurricular activities took me to a local crippled children's hospital.I don't recall his name. He always sat rigidly in his wheelchair, backed up against the wall, white enameled steel beds surrounding him like the bars of a prison. He cared little for the movies I brought from the university film library and held back from the banter and rowdy play of the other children, even those in wheelchairs like his own.
Lack of Long-Term Diabetic Complications in Spite of Poor Glycemic Control in Twins With Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: David S H Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

The prepubertal years have little effect on the chronic complications of diabetes. Animal studies have shown castration prevents diabetic complications. No previous data on untreated agonadal human diabetic subjects is available.Clinical study of untreated agonadal twins with insulin-dependent diabetes for presence of chronic complications of diabetes. In spite of the twins' poor glycemic control, no evidence of the chronic complications of diabetes was found.The absence of gonadal sex steroids in the diabetic patient may have a protective effect against the development of the chronic complications of diabetes.
c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase 2α2 Promotes the Tumorigenicity of Human Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Jian Cui, Shuang-Yin Han, Congli Wang, Wanwen Su, Larry Harshyne, Marina Holgado-Madruga, Albert J. Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and have been implicated in the formation of several human tumors, especially gliomas. We have previously shown that a 55 kDa JNK isoform is constitutively active in 86% of human brain tumors and then showed that it is specifically a JNK2 isoform and likely to be either JNK2α2 or JNK2β2. Notably, we found that only JNK2 isoforms possess intrinsic autophosphorylation activity and that JNK2α2 has the strongest activity. In the present study, we have further explored the contribution of JNK2 isoforms to brain tumor formation. Analysis of mRNA expression by reverse transcription-PCR revealed that JNK2α2 is expressed in 91% (10 of 11) of glioblastoma tumors, whereas JNK2β2 is found in only 27% (3 of 11) of tumors. Both JNK2α2 and JNK2β2 mRNAs are expressed in normal brain (3 of 3). Using an antibody specific for JNK2α isoforms, we verified that JNK2α2 protein is expressed in 88.2% (15 of 17) of glioblastomas, but, interestingly, no JNK2α2 protein was found in six normal brain samples. To evaluate biological function, we transfected U87MG cells with green fluorescent protein–tagged versions of JNK1α1, JNK2α2, and JNK2α2APF (a dominant-negative mutant), and derived cell lines with stable expression. Each cell line was evaluated for various tumorigenic variables including cellular growth, soft agar colony formation, and tumor formation in athymic nude mice. In each assay, JNK2α2 was found to be the most effective in promoting that phenotype. To identify effectors specifically affected by JNK2α2, we analyzed gene expression. Gene profiling showed several genes whose expression was specifically up-regulated by JNK2α2 but down-regulated by JNK2α2APF, among which eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) shows the greatest change. Because AKT acts on eIF4E, we also examined AKT activation. Unexpectedly, we found that JNK2α2 could specifically activate AKT. Our data provides evidence that JNK2α2 is the major active JNK isoform and is involved in the promotion of proliferation and growth of human glioblastoma tumors through specific activation of AKT and overexpression of eIF4E. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 10024-31)
Systematically Defining Single-Gene Determinants of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Reveals Specific Biomarkers
Authors: Agnieszka K. Witkiewicz, Uthra Balaji, Erik S. Knudsen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: We sought to systematically define determinants of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy to elucidate predictive biomarkers for breast cancer. Experimental Design: An unbiased systematic analysis was performed in multiple independent datasets to define genes predictive of complete pathologic response (pCR) following treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These genes were interrogated across estrogen receptor (ER)–positive and ER-negative breast cancer and those in common across three different treatment regimens were analyzed for optimal predictive power. Subsequent validation was performed on independent cohorts by gene expression and IHC analyses. Results: Genes that were highly associated with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer were readily defined using a computational method ranking individual genes by their respective ROC. Such predictive genes of the response to taxane-associated therapies were strongly enriched for cell-cycle control processes in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer and correlated with pCR. However, other genes that were specifically associated with residual disease were also identified under other treatment conditions. Using the intersection between treatment groups, nine genes were identified that harbored strong predictive power in multiple contexts and validation cohort. In particular, the nuclear oncogene DEK was strongly associated with pCR, whereas the cell surface protein BCAM was strongly associated with residual disease. By IHC staining, these markers exhibited potent predictive power that remained significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Systematic computational approaches can define key genes that will be able to predict the response to chemotherapy across multiple treatment modalities yielding a small collection of biomarkers that can be readily deployed by IHC analyses. Clin Cancer Res; 20(18); 4837–48. ©2014 AACR.
Managing chronic diseases
Authors: Howard Platt
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Managing chronic diseases Palliative care spectrum starts early onEditor-Palliative care does not start when a patient is dying. 1 A whole spectrum of palliation begins from the day of diagnosis of a potentially terminal disease, such as soft tissue sarcoma.Palliation, in the sense of needing to absorb what this means for the patient, becomes even then a medical imperative.The "How long have I got, Doc?" question may not be articulated, but it will be there and needs an empathetic response.Curative treatment is sought, but-with sarcoma-lung metastases signal the end of that phase and the beginning of palliative treatment.The doctor and the patient know the dragon can be disabled but never slain.Palliation is then partnership, working to decide what may be gained at what cost.(This may apply during curative treatment: to take chemotherapy drugs now "just in case," or to keep them for later?)Palliative treatment can be long (in sarcoma up to 20 years or more), or it can be brief.Its ending is not solely a medical judgment.Doctors may decide they can do no more, but active patients use online support groups, seeking new treatment options across the world.Patients may decide to end palliative treatment.Grown weary of painful chemotherapy offering diminishing returns, they may prefer a shorter but better life.Making that choice together is an aspect of palliation.When death is near, palliative care becomes terminal care.If throughout doctors and patients have aligned their understanding of the disease, and have taken decisions jointly, have explored the holistic meaning of disease in life and death, the palliative spectrum may offer healing if not cure.If, however, being palliative begins only when the patient is dying doctors cannot then meet patients, where they are most needed, in the ground of their being and their not being.
The Onset of Rheumatoid Pneumoconiosis.
Authors: Thomas G. Benedek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973The Onset of Rheumatoid Pneumoconiosis.Thomas G. Benedek, M.D., F.A.C.P.Thomas G. Benedek, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-833_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1953 A. Caplan postulated that some coal miners with rheumatoid arthritis have pulmonary lesions from this disease that are distinct from the common varieties of pneumoconiosis. He suggested, but did not prove, that the characteristic micronodular infiltrates develop with months and then usually stabilize. Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis now is a recognized syndrome, but it has rarely been described in the United States, and its mode of onset still has not been well documented.In a survey of 100 bituminous coal miners with rheumatoid arthritis in Western Pennsylvania two cases were found that met the radiographic criteria of Caplan's syndrome. One... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 833-833KeywordsLesionsPneumoconiosesPulmonary diseasesRheumatoid arthritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Injection abscesses in a diabetic due to Mycobacterium chelonei var abscessus.
Authors: P G Jackson, H Keen, C J Noble, N A Simmons
Journal: BMJ (1980)

no special intervention is required.If ventilation is inadequate from the start or if arterial Po. deteriorates more aggressive treatment is indicated.Mechanical ventilation with positive-endexpiratory-pressure is required,21 23 titrating the amount of pressure to produce the minimum amount of intrapulmonary shunt.2'The use of corticosteroids is not routinely recommended, although their place in the patient with true secondary drowning has not been studied in any large series.Recognising the possibility of this syndrome of secondary drowning is a major factor in management.An analysis of this and other series shows that a major high-risk group comprises young children who have almost drowned in salt or polluted water, in whom spontaneous respiration has not occurred for at least five to 10 minutes after rescue, but who appear to improve rapidly thereafter.Although it is not always done, all near- drowned victims must be admitted to hospital for observation, irrespective of their apparent relative wellbeing within several hours after rescue.Respiratory deterioration after apparent postrescue wellbeing can occur rapidly.With the recent increase in survival rates after near- drowning24 more cases of this post-immersion respiratory distress syndrome are being encountered.25This review suggests that rescuers and clinicians should expect primary lung function to deteriorate within four hours of rescue in about one in 20 survivors of drowning accidents.Provided that the syndrome is anticipated, recognised, and treated vigorously the prognosis (generally excellent in childhood near-drowning"5) should remain optimistic.
Venous sinus thrombosis leading to stroke in a patient with sickle cell disease on hydroxyurea and high hemoglobin levels: Treatment with thrombolysis
Authors: Charif A. Sidani, Walid Ballourah, Mohamad El Dassouki, Samar Muwakkit, Ibrahim Dabbous, Hanan Dahoui, Aghiad Al‐Kutoubi, Miguel R. Abboud
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

A 21-year-old man with homozygous sickle cell disease maintained on hydroxyurea for 1 year developed thrombosis of the superior sagittal, right transverse, and right sigmoid dural sinuses with a large venous infarct. He was successfully treated with endovascular thrombolysis. Investigation did not reveal any inherited or acquired hypercoagulable state. This patient however had consistently elevated hemoglobin levels both at the time of the initial event and on follow up. One year later he developed symptomatic avascular necrosis of the right hip. High hemoglobin levels resulting from hydroxyurea therapy may have contributed to development of complications in this patient.
Three Mechanisms Assemble Central Nervous System Nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Keiichiro Susuki, Kae-Jiun Chang, Daniel R. Zollinger, Yanhong Liu, Yasuhiro Ogawa, Yael Eshed-Eisenbach, María T. Dours-Zimmermann, Juan A. Oses-Prieto, Alma L. Burlingame, Constanze I. Seidenbecher, Dieter R. Zimmermann, Toshitaka Oohashi, Elior Peles, Matthew N. Rasband
Journal: Neuron (2013)
The Injured Athlete
Authors: Letha Y. Hunter-Griffin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Daniel Kulund's second edition of<i>The Injured Athlete</i>continues in the tradition of clarity of text and illustrations established in the first edition published in 1982. The author's objective in writing the second edition was to make it a more "clinically useful guide to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of athletic injuries" than his original volume, and I believe he has met that objective. He has included many more "minor" injuries and has expanded the conditioning and rehabilitation sections, giving helpful hints on how to return to sports following various injuries. This text is organized much like the 1982 volume, with the first half devoted to chapters on the role of the sports physician; discussion of medical and psychological problems of the athlete; and general principles of training, conditioning, and rehabilitation techniques. The remainder of the book covers specific athletic injuries by anatomic area, detailing the anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment
Mobile phones are unlikely to cause brain tumours, report says
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disorder with a rapidly growing prevalence. In recent years, the dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) technique has been used to reveal the transient connectivity behavior of ASDs’ brains by clustering connectivity matrices in different states. However, the states of DFC have not been yet studied from a topological point of view. In this paper, this study was performed using global metrics of the graph and persistent homology (PH) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The PH has been recently developed in topological data analysis and deals with persistent structures of data. The structural connectivity (SC) and static FC (SFC) were also studied to better show the advantages of DFC analysis. Significant discriminative features between ASDs and typical controls (TC) were only found in states of DFC. Moreover, the best classification performance was offered by persistent homology-based metrics in two out of four states. In these two states, some networks of ASDs compared to TCs were more segregated and isolated (showing the disruption of network integration in ASDs). The results of this study demonstrated that topological analysis of DFC states could offer discriminative features which were not discriminative in SFC and SC. Also, PH metrics compared to graph global metrics can open a brighter avenue for studying ASD and finding candidate biomarkers. <h3>Highlights</h3> States of dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) were more informative than static FC and structural connectivity when comparing ASDs with controls. Global metrics of persistent homology (PH) in comparison to graph ones could better distinguish between ASDs and controls. The PH metrics could offer the best classification performance in dynamic states where the networks of ASDs compared to controls were more segregated and isolated.
Abstract 259: Antitumor activities of yuanhuadine, a daphnane diterpene from <i>Daphne genkwa</i>, via epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Ji-Young Hong, Hyen Joo Park, Hwa-Jin Chung, Gi Dae Kim, Jayoung Song, Min Ai Lee, Song Yi Bae, Yuna Pyee, Yoonho Shin, Sang Kook Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The growth inhibition and antitumor activities of yuanhuadine (1), a daphnane diterpenoid from the flowers of Daphne genkwa, were investigated in human lung cancer cells. Compound 1 exhibited a relatively selective growth inhibition against human lung cancer cells compared to other solid human cancer cell lines. The potent antiproliferative activity by 1 was associated with cell-cycle arrest and modulation of cell signaling pathways. Cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and G2/M phase was induced by 1 in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells, and these events were correlated with the expression of checkpoint proteins including the up-regulation of p21, and down-regulation of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (CDK2) and 4 (CDK4), and c-Myc. Compound 1 also suppressed the expression of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream effector molecules including p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1). The ligand-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Met signalings were also inhibited by 1. The oral administration of 1 (0.5 mg/kg body weight, daily) for 14 days inhibited tumor growth in athymic xenograft nude mouse model bearing human lung A549 cells significantly, without any overt toxicity. Synergistic antiproliferative effects of compound 1 were also found in combination with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Cell-cycle arrest and suppression of Akt/mTOR and EGFR signaling pathways might be plausible mechanisms of actions for the antiproliferative and antitumor activity of 1 in human non-small cell lung cancer cells Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 259. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-259
GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY WITH PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS AND THEIR RELATIVES
Authors: W. D. ROSS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

Experiments have been described in the use of group psychotherapy with schizophrenic patients in a mental hospital, and with their relatives in a separate group. These were started to help the mothers of young chronic male schizophrenics to adjust to their sons' illness and hospitalization. The mothers benefited considerably, and the sons showed some temporary but slow improvement. Efforts have been shifted to more recently admitted patients being given insulin coma treatment, along with a few of the chronic patients in the initial group. The discussions with the patients are held 3 times a week during a period of greater accessibility following revival after coma. The psychotherapy is rapport-increasing, educational, and insight-promoting, at a level concerned with socialization, but not with deep analysis. The discussions with relatives are aimed to modify traumatic attitudes by them to the patients, and to obtain leads for more fruitful discussion with the patients. The long-term results cannot be reported yet. The treatment of patients and relatives by the same psychiatrist has worked out satisfactorily. The technique is difficult but rewarding, and it appears practical in the mental hospital setting.