tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
When (Not) to Stop a Clinical Trial for Benefit
Authors: Stuart J. Pocock
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
C2 Domain-Containing Phosphoprotein CDP138 Regulates GLUT4 Insertion into the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Xiangyang Xie, Zhenwei Gong, Virginie Mansuy-Aubert, Qiong L. Zhou, Suren A. Tatulian, Daniel Sehrt, Florian Gnad, Laurence M. Brill, Khatereh Motamedchaboki, Yu Chen, Michael P. Czech, Matthias Mann, Marcus Krüger, Zhen Y. Jiang
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
The Perfused Human Liver Wedge Biopsy: A New In Vitro Model for Morphological and Functional Studies
Authors: Susan J. Burwen, Albert L. Jones, Ira S. Goldman, Lawrence W. Way, Sussan Dejbakhsh
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

We developed a simple and inexpensive method of perfusing small specimens of human liver in vitro that maintains short–term tissue viability as judged by protein transport function and morphological features. The technique allows investigation of liver function at the cellular level in normal specimens and those with hepatobiliary disease. Electron microscopy of specimens perfused with this system demonstrates the presence of an incomplete basement membrane within the space of Disse and shows that human microbodies contain crystalline–like cores morphologically similar to those found in rat liver.
Deficiency of mature B and T lymphocyte subsets in the blood of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Authors: Anna Janowska‐Wieczorek, E. Joy Andrews, Abdul Khaliq, Linda M. Pilarski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

The expression of mature B-cell markers and T markers was determined in lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood (PBL) of 20 healthy and 51 patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHL). The disease was classified as newly diagnosed, in remission, or being treated with chemotherapy and of low-, intermediate-, or high-grade malignancy. To avoid technical problems associated with artifacts involving cytophilic immunoglobulins (Ig), we defined mature B-cells by means of three criteria: a) expression of high surface density of Ig sufficient to allow polar movement of receptors to form a cap in an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay, b) expression of high density of the human leukocyte antigens DR (HLA-DR) under capped conditions, and c) expression of a 41H.16 marker exclusive to surface Ig+ B-cells. Percentages of PBL able to cap surface Ig (sIg) (lambda, K), HLA-DR (7H.3), and 41H.16 markers were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) in all of the patients, regardless of treatment status, and the numbers of sIg+-capping cells were similarly reduced in the patients, regardless of the grade of malignancy. Studies with ring fluorescence showed mean percentages of cells expressing OKT3 and OKT4 determinants significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) but OKT8+ cells not significantly different from control. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was reduced in all patients and did not differ significantly in relation to the degree of malignancy. We conclude that, in NHL, essentially all patients have severe abnormalities in the number of B- or T-cells needed for normal immune responses.
Immunoglobulin Adsorption in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Johannes Müller, Gerd Wallukat, Michael Dandel, Heidrun Bieda, Kersten Brandes, Susanne Spiegelsberger, Eberhard Nissen, Rudolf Kunze, Roland Hetzer
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) frequently is a progressive disease without causative therapy options. Following the hypothesis that in certain patients autoantibodies against cardiac structures may induce, maintain, or promote the progression of the disease, we investigated whether the elimination of these autoantibodies through immunoadsorption would improve cardiac function. Methods and Results —This prospective case-control study included 34 patients with IDC. Each patient presented with moderate to severe heart failure and evidence of autoantibodies directed against β 1 -adrenoceptors (β 1 -AABs). Seventeen patients received standard medical therapy (control group), whereas 17 were also treated with immunoadsorption (treatment group) to eliminate β 1 -AABs. A 1-year follow-up included echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and internal diameters, β 1 -AAB levels, and clinical status every 3 months. Within 1 year, the mean±SD left ventricular ejection fraction rose from 22.3±3.3% to 37.9±7.9% ( P =0.0001) in the treatment group, with a relative increase of 69.9%. However, in the control group, no overall increase was seen (from 23.8±3.0% to 25.2±5.9%, P =0.3154). Left ventricular diameter in diastole decreased by 14.5% from 74.5±7.1 to 63.7±6.0 mm in the treatment group ( P =0.0001) and by 3.8% ( P =0.2342) in the control group. In the treatment group, the NYHA functional rating improved after immunoadsorption ( P =0.0001). β 1 -AABs did not increase anew. Conclusions —In IDC, the use of immunoadsorption is superior to the use of standard medical therapy. It significantly improves cardiac performance and clinical status.
Clinical significance of serum properdin levels and properdin deposition in the dermal-epidermal junction in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: M A Schrager, N F Rothfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

61 biopsies of normal skin from the deltoid area and lesional skin from various sites from 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the presence of properdin, C3, C4, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) using direct and indirect immunofluorescence. Properdin was present in 50% of normal and 40% of lesional skins. Properdin was present without C4 in only 2 of 38 nonlesional skin biopsies and in only 2 of 20 lesions. There was no significant difference in incidence of deposition of any of the six proteins studied between nonlesional and lesional skin. The frequency of deposition of each of the proteins correlated with clinical disease activity. The presence of proteins in the DEJ did not correlate with the presence of active renal disease at the time of biopsy nor with previously documented active nephritis. In addition, no other single clinical manifestation correlated with the presence of DEJ deposition of any protein studied. IgA was not demonstrated in the DEJ of nonlesional skin of 16 patients in remission and was present in 7 of 23 patients with active disease (P less than 0.05). Deposition of properdin in lesional skin correlated with the presence of extracutaneous disease activity (P less than 0.05). Analysis of serologic studies on serum obtained at the time of biopsy revealed a statistically significant correlation between C4 and C3 (r = 0.67). This correlation was stronger than that between properdin and C4 (r = 0.37). Titer of antinuclear antibody and percent of DNA binding correlated better with C4 levels than with properdin levels. Serum properdin levels were significantly lower in patients with active disease than in those in remission (P less than 0.05). Serum properdin levels were significantly lower in patients with properdin deposits in lesional skin than in those without properdin deposits. The data suggest that both alternative and classical pathways are activated in patients with clinically active SLE.
A mouse model of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Early retinal pigment epithelium damage and progressive retinal degeneration.
Authors: T Wang, A H Milam, G Steel, D Valle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Gyrate atrophy (GA) of the choroid and retina is a blinding chorioretinal degeneration caused by deficiency of ornithine delta-aminotransferase (OAT). The phenotype of GA is characterized by progressive concentric reduction of the visual fields and ornithine accumulation. To understand better the pathogenesis of GA and to develop a model to test therapeutic strategies, we produced an OAT-deficient mouse by gene targeting. Like human GA patients, adult OAT-deficient mice exhibit chronic hyperornithinemia to levels 10-15-fold above normal and massive ornithinuria. Slowly progressive retinal degeneration is reflected by a gradual decline in electroretinogram amplitudes over the first 12 mo of life. At 2 mo, the retinal pigment epithelium is histologically normal, but electron microscopy reveals sporadic degeneration of scattered pigment epithelial cells. By 6 mo there are more diffuse abnormalities of the pigment epithelium with accumulation of large phagosomes and crystalloid inclusions. Although morphologically normal at 2 mo, the photo-receptor outer segments become highly disorganized and shortened to 60% of control length by 10 mo. Additionally, there is cumulative loss of the photoreceptor cells, which reaches 33% by 10 mo and is most pronounced in the central region of the retina. Our results indicate that retinal pigment epithelial cells are the initial site of insult in GA and that the OAT-deficient mouse is an excellent animal model of GA in human patients.
Human Papillomavirus Seropositivity Synergizes with <i>MDM2</i> Variants to Increase the Risk of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xingming Chen, Erich M. Sturgis, Dapeng Lei, Kristina Dahlstrom, Qingyi Wei, Guojun Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The increasing incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young adults has been associated with sexually transmitted infections of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV16. Given the roles of p53 in tumor suppression and of HPV E6 and MDM2 oncoproteins in p53 degradation, we evaluated HPV16 L1 seropositivity and MDM2 promoter variants to examine their possible associations with OSCC risk in a case-control study of 325 patients and 335 cancer-free matched controls. Compared with individuals having MDM2-rs2279744 GT or GG genotypes and HPV16 L1 seronegativity, the TT genotype and HPV16 L1 seronegativity were found to be associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–2.19] for OSCC risk, and GT/GG and HPV16 L1 seropositivity were associated with an OR of 2.81 (95% CI, 1.67–4.74). For those with both the TT genotype and HPV16 L1 seropositivity, the associated OR was 5.57 (95% CI, 2.93–10.6). Similar results were observed for the MDM2-rs937283 polymorphism. Moreover, there was a borderline significant or significant interaction between the individual or combined MDM2 genotypes of the two polymorphisms and HPV16 L1 seropositivity (Pint = 0.060 for MDM2-rs2279744, Pint = 0.009 for MDM2-rs937283, and Pint = 0.005 for the combined MDM2 genotypes) on risk of OSCC. Notably, that effect modification was particularly pronounced in never smokers and never drinkers, and for oropharyngeal as opposed to oral cavity cancer. Taken together, our results indicate that the risk of OSCC associated with HPV16 L1 seropositivity is modified by MDM2 promoter polymorphisms. Cancer Res; 70(18); 7199–208. ©2010 AACR.
Salivary Gland Neoplasms as a Late Consequence of Head and Neck Irradiation
Authors: Arthur B. Schneider, Murray J. Favus, Max E. Stachura, Margaret J. Arnold, Lawrence A. Frohman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

An increased occurrence of salivary tumors was observed in 1922 patients who received radiation to the tonsils and nasopharynx. Twenty-seven tumors, 19 benign and eight malignant, were found in this group as compared with an expected 0.2 malignant and < 1 benign tumor. The latent period between the initial radiation treatment and diagnosis ranged from 7 to 32 years. After the first 15 years the incidence (77 cases/105 subjects/year) has remained constant and shows no indication of declining. Continued observation for salivary gland tumors is therefore indicated for subjects who received childhood irradiation.
Locating Medical History: The Stories and Their Meanings
Authors: Lawrence Charles Parish
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 October 2004Locating Medical History: The Stories and Their MeaningsLawrence Charles Parish, MDLawrence Charles Parish, MDFrom Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Huisman F, Warner JH, eds. 507 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 2004. $45.00. ISBN 0801878616. To order: www.press.jhu.edu.Field of medicine: History of medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians who are interested in the current status of the history of medicine.Purpose: To discuss “the discipline [of the history of medicine] in the distant and recent past in order to rethink its future.” Issues discussed include the “periodic estrangement of medicine history from medicine … and the shifts from social to cultural history and back again.”Content: The book is a collection of essays developed from an international conference ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lawrence Charles Parish, MDAffiliations: From Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 October 2004Volume 141, Issue 7Page: 580KeywordsForecastingHistory of medicinePersonalitySoftware tools ePublished: 5 October 2004 Issue Published: 5 October 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Town Meeting for Technology
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

DURING the past 7 1/2 years, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has sponsored 50 consensus development conferences assessing a wide diversity of important biomedical topics. The first five years of this new effort were a time of experimentation. Formats and approaches of these first-generation conferences changed to some extent with new topics. Gradually, however, a set of common principles emerged for conducting a consensus conference effectively. Starting in 1982, the second generation of consensus conferences were held in conformance with these principles. Careful assessment of these more recent experiences stimulated plans for a new approach to this effort, involving formal methods for data synthesis. At the onset of a new generation of consensus conferences, it is worthwhile to examine the evolution of the consensus development process to its current status and its potential for further growth as a part of the complex decision-making apparatus of our health care system.
The "Harvard system": a mystery dispelled
Authors: E. Chernin
Journal: BMJ (1988)

in Moscow, and the professor of psychiatry working in Montreal for the CIA.No one should say "It couldn't happen here."There is an impressive list at the end of the book of depositions, affidavits, transcrip- tions, and documents used by Gordon Thomas, but the text itself is not referenced.The subject and the depth of Gordon Thomas's research deserve better, and for anyone other than the casual reader the lack of references is infuriating.The statement that "The legacy of the great colonizers, the British, included periods when the physicians of Empire tortured in the name of their sovereign. .between 1952 and 1956, in Kenya, English doctors employed by the Security Services ... had used 'the little machine'...They had watched while interrogators had wrapped the wires around a Mau-Mau suspect's testicles.The resultant shock rendered a victim impotent" will be effective only if the source can be scrutinised. Despite this criticismJ7urney into Madnessprovides a vivid and appalling insight into the scale of doctors' involvement in torture in many countries.Both torture and "terminal" medical experiments with subjects regarded as "expendable" are activities that grow in darkness and silence.Open scrutiny of research proposals by doctors and others in the community, placing sensible limits on the authority given to individuals, freedom of information -these are weapons and policies to counter the events chronicled in Joumney into Madness.
Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Alters Pulmonary Function in Newborn Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: HARMANJATINDER S. SEKHON, JENNIFER A. KELLER, NEAL L. BENOWITZ, ELIOT R. SPINDEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Epidemiological studies have shown that offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy have abnormal lung function and associated higher incidences of lower respiratory disorders. The recent identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in fetal lung suggests that the direct interaction between nicotine and nAChR in fetal lung may underlie the postnatal pulmonary abnormalities seen in such infants. This hypothesis was tested in monkeys to determine if maternal nicotine exposure would produce changes in lung mechanics in newborn monkeys similar to those observed in human infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Timed pregnant rhesus monkeys were infused with either nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/d, n = 7) or saline (n = 7) using subcutaneous osmotic pumps from Day 26 to 160 of gestation. On Day 160 of pregnancy (term = 165 d), fetuses were delivered by C-section, and the following day were subjected to pulmonary function testing. After testing, animals were sacrificed, and lungs weighed and fixed. Lung weight and fixed lung volume decreased (16% and 14%, respectively) significantly following in utero nicotine exposure. Peak tidal expiratory flow, FEV0.2, mean mid-expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume at peak expiratory flow (FEVPEF), and FEVPEF/FVC% were significantly lower in newborns exposed to nicotine during gestation. Absolute and specific pulmonary resistance increased significantly whereas absolute and specific dynamic compliance remained unchanged in prenatally nicotine-treated pups. These changes in pulmonary function are strikingly similar to the changes observed in offspring of human smokers. This suggests that the interaction of nicotine with nAChR in developing lung is responsible for the altered pulmonary mechanics observed in human infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.
Following up patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D G Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

hyperthyroid patients and observed no change in serum T3 concentrations.2We realise that these 3-adrenergic blocking drugs are less activethanpropranolol as membrane-stabilising agents, both as a local anaesthetic and in their action on intracellular cardiac potentials,3 but we would have expected to see a fall in serum T3 levels if the mechanism proposed by Dr Heyma and others is correct.
Maintaining the treatment of mentally ill people in the community.
Authors: R Bluglass
Journal: BMJ (1993)

tenderness, and nodules on the uterosacral ligaments.The diagnosis should be verified laparoscopically before treatment is begun.Considerable degeneration of the endometriosis occurs after two months of medical treament, and symptoms should therefore diminish.Uncontrolled evidence suggests that laparoscopic ablation of endometriotic implants improves symptoms.'4Successful surgical and medical treat- ments are both followed by an appreciable rate of recurrence.Because the denominator for the visual diagnosis of endometriosis has changed recently, the true incidence and prevalence of the disease are unknown.Pain is the main indication for treatment, and the disease should be regarded as chronic and relapsing rather than as an acute phenomenon treatable by a single medical or surgical intervention.
Identification of a urine metabolomic signature in patients with advanced-stage chronic kidney disease
Authors: Maria Posada-Ayala, Irene Zubiri, Marta Martin-Lorenzo, Aroa Sanz-Maroto, Dolores Molero, Laura Gonzalez-Calero, Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez, Fernando de la Cuesta, Carlos M. Laborde, Maria G. Barderas, Alberto Ortiz, Fernando Vivanco, Gloria Alvarez-Llamas
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Beneficial effects of simvastatin may be due to non-lipid actions
Authors: U. Ravnskov
Journal: BMJ (1995)

correct dose rapidly, and one can imagine the reaction of parents if children are taken to be weighed before emergency treatment is given.Doses should be stated clearly according to expected body weight by age and should be displayed in accident and emergency departments.Current recommendations for the treatment of anaphylaxis in a 5 year old child are that 0 4 ml of 1/1000 adrenaline should be given by intramuscular injection.2'
Reducing vitamin A deficiency
Authors: A. R Potter
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The World Health Organisation considers vitamin A deficiency to be a public health problem in over 60 countries, putting at risk the lives and eyesight of an estimated 250 million preschool children.1 It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality2 and the single most important cause of blindness in children in developing countries,3 and it is entirely preventable.

Our bodies need vitamin A for the maintenance of epithelial surfaces, for immune competence,4 for the normal functioning of the retina, and for growth, development, and reproduction. We obtain vitamin A from two sources: firstly, from fat soluble vitamin A present in milk, eggs, butter, and fish liver oils; secondly as provitamin A carotenoids in dark green leafy vegetables, red palm oil, and in red or orange coloured fruits and vegetables such as mango, papaya, sweet potato, and carrots. Most of the ingested retinol is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver, where it is stored as retinyl palmitate. When required it is released into the blood stream in combination with retinol binding protein and is taken up by target cells throughout the body.

When intake of vitamin A is inadequate to meet the body's …
THE KETOGENIC DIET IN EPILEPSY
Authors: M. G. PETERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

During the last two and one-half years, the ketogenic, or high fat, diet has been given a trial in the treatment of epilepsy in childhood. Thirty-seven patients with essential or idiopathic epilepsy, whose parents were able to comprehend and carry out the diet intelligently at home, have been observed over periods of from four months to two and one-half years. Twenty of the patients were boys and seventeen girls. Their ages ranged from 2¼ to 14½ years, the median average age being 86/10 years. Seven of the patients had grand mal convulsions, seventeen petit mal, and thirteen both grand and petit mal. Not one with obvious organic disease of the central nervous system or with any other evidence of mental deterioration was included in this series. There were hereditary taints in nineteen cases, migraine or sick headache in ten, epilepsy in three, "nervousness" in three, and syphilis in three. In