tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial blood gas analysis or oxygen saturation in the assessment of acute asthma?
Authors: D M Carruthers, B D Harrison
Journal: Thorax (1995)

A study was undertaken to determine if arterial blood gas estimation is always necessary in the assessment of patients presenting to hospital with acute severe asthma, or whether oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry is a reliable screening test for predicting those in respiratory failure.A prospective study was conducted in a specialist respiratory medical unit. Arterial blood gas tensions and pulse oximetry were measured in 89 consecutive patients admitted with acute severe asthma. Respiratory failure was defined as PaO2 < 8.0 kPa or PaCO2 > 6 kPa.When oxygen saturation was 92% or higher (72 patients) respiratory failure was found in three (4.2%) cases. In the 82 patients with a saturation of 90% or higher six patients (7.3%) had respiratory failure.In the initial assessment of acute severe asthma an oxygen saturation of > 92% suggests that respiratory failure is unlikely and therefore arterial blood gas measurement is unnecessary. This study is only relevant to the assessment of asthmatic patients at presentation. Other parameters of severity must be continually assessed in all asthmatic patients admitted to hospital irrespective of the initial SaO2, and blood gases measured when clinically indicated.
Supravalvular aortic stenosis and coronary ostial stenosis in familial hypercholesterolemia: two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment.
Authors: S Beppu, Y Minura, H Sakakibara, S Nagata, Y D Park, S Nambu, A Yamamoto
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The lesions of the aortic root, which are supravalvular aortic stenosis and coronary ostial stenosis, in familial hypercholesterolemia were studied using two-dimensional echocardiography. The subjects were 25 heterozygotes, six homozygotes and 30 control subjects. The internal diameters of the aortic ring, the sinus of Valsalva and the supravalvular aortic ring were measured. Measurement variation due to body size was avoided by normalizing the latter two values by the diameter of the aortic ring. Four heterozygotes and all homozygotes were judged to have stenosis of the supravalvular aortic ring; none of heterozygotes and four homozygotes had stenosis of the sinus of Valsalva. In three of the four patients with stenosis of both the supravalvular aortic ring and the sinus of Valsalva, a pressure gradient was demonstrated. The degree of supravalvular aortic stenosis correlated with the serum cholesterol level but not with patient age. All homozygotes, even very young ones, had a severe aortic root lesion. In the short-axis view of the aortic root, a lump (raised mass) on the aortic wall indicating atheromatous plaquing was demonstrated in five heterozygotes and all homozygotes. Coronary ostial stenosis was shown in three of the four patients whose plaquing echoes were adjacent to the coronary orifice. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography is useful in diagnosing lesions of the aortic root in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Alzheimer Disease: Current Concepts and Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Christopher M. Clark, Jason H.T. Karlawish
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Alzheimer disease is a complex neurodegenerative dementing illness. It has become a major public health problem because of its increasing prevalence, long duration, high cost of care, and lack of disease-modifying therapy. Over the past few years, however, remarkable advances have taken place in understanding both the genetic and molecular biology associated with the intracellular processing of amyloid and tau and the changes leading to the pathologic formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and the intraneuronal aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau into neurofibrillary tangles. The identification of disease-causing autosomal dominant mutations as well as gene polymorphisms that alter the risk for pathology indicate that Alzheimer disease is a genetically complex disorder. This progress in our understanding of the molecular pathology has set the stage for clinically meaningful advances in diagnosis and treatment. Emerging diagnostic methods that are based on biochemical and imaging biomarkers of disease-specific pathology hold the potential for accurately diagnosing Alzheimer disease at the earliest stage of the illnessthe time when disease-modifying treatment will be most effective. Currently available cholinesterase inhibition therapy targets the cognitive symptoms. However, the goal of new therapies under development is halting the pathologic cascade and potentially reversing the course of the disease. If these new therapies are successful, they will represent a remarkable medical advance for patients and the families who care for them.
Proteinuria and reduced kidney function in living kidney donors: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Authors: A.X. Garg, N. Muirhead, G. Knoll, R.C. Yang, G.V.R. Prasad, H. Thiessen-Philbrook, M.P. Rosas-Arellano, A. Housawi, N. Boudville
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Early malfunction of transvenous pacemaker electrodes. A three-center study.
Authors: V Parsonnet, M Bilitch, S Furman, J D Fisher, D J Escher, G Myers, E Cassady
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A 3-year study by three medical centers has revealed a 1-year electrode malfunction rate of 7.4%; most malfunctions occurred within the first 30 days. The incidence of unavoidable early malfunction (3.2%) fell within the 5% standards suggested by the committee report of the Inter-Society Committee on Heart Diseases. Incidences of obscure cause (3.2%) may be difficult to identify prospectively and may be, to a certain extent, unavoidable. The majority of the malfunctions (4.2%) showed specific clues that indicated that they were preventable. Successful repositioning was achieved on the first attempt in 80.6% of the cases with malfunction, and only 0.7% required ultimate myocardial electrode implantation. The principal clues to potentially unsatisfactory positioning included the presence of a large right ventricle with or without tricuspid insufficiency, current thresholds greater than 0.5 mA and ST-segment deviations on the intracardiac electrogram of less than 2 mV. Electrode malfunction may be more common with bipolar than with unipolar electrodes; but significant differences in the incidence of malfunction among different unipolar electrodes were observed. These data indicate that further developments in transvenous electrode design are warranted.
Interleukin-1β and the Autoinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Charles A. Dinarello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Interleukin-1 is a highly active proinflammatory cytokine that causes not only fever, anorexia, and other constitutional symptoms but also tissue damage and remodeling. All these effects — including joint destruction, tissue remodeling, and elevated levels of markers of systemic inflammation — can be reversed or reduced by specific blockade of interleukin-1 activity.Interleukin-1 induces the expression of several other proinflammatory genes, but cytokine-mediated inflammation can also evoke the expression of genes encoding antiinflammatory proteins that nonspecifically suppress inflammation. In the case of interleukin-1, however, a particular molecule that specifically inhibits interleukin-1 activity is induced. The 11 members of the interleukin-1 . . .
Effect of development on coronary vasodilator reserve in the isolated guinea pig heart.
Authors: B S Toma, R D Wangler, D F DeWitt, H V Sparks
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Morphological studies have demonstrated an age-related decrease in capillary density and capillary surface area in the developing heart. However, the consequences of these changes on myocardial perfusion are not known. We tested the hypothesis that the decreased capillary density is associated with a reduction in coronary blood flow reserve. To test this hypothesis, we studied coronary responses to adenosine and sodium nitroprusside administration, reactive hyperemia, and autoregulatory capacity. We used a Langendorff-perfused heart preparation from guinea pigs of five different age groups (1 week and 1, 2, 12, and 18 months). Data are expressed as mean +/- SEM. Maximal coronary flows (ml/min per g) in response to adenosine (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) infusion are: 27 +/- 1.3, 18.5 +/- 1.4, 12.2 +/- 0.4, 10.3 +/- 0.3, and 10.6 +/- 0.8 at 1 week, 1, 2, 12, and 18 months, respectively, with the flows at 1 week and 1 month significantly higher than those at 2, 12, and 18 months. There is a similar trend for a decreased maximum coronary perfusion in response to sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) and following a 45-second occlusion of the coronary inlet flow. Despite the decreased maximal pharmacological and reactive hyperemic flow reserve, autoregulation of flow is not altered with growth. The pressure-flow relationship exhibits autoregulation between 25 and 55 mm Hg perfusion pressure for all but the 1-week age group, which autoregulates within a narrower range of pressures (20-45 mm Hg). Total maximal coronary flow (ml/min) increases during development; this indicates that the growth of vessels continues with development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coffee Intake and Elevated Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B Levels in Men
Authors: P T Williams, P D Wood, K M Vranizan, J J Albers, S C Garay, C B Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Coffee intake from three-day diet records was studied in association with plasma lipoprotein concentrations in a cross-sectional sample of 77 middle-aged American men to determine the significance and form of their interrelationships. The number of cups consumed per day correlated positively with levels of apolipoprotein B (r = .27, P less than or equal to .01) and became more strongly correlated when adjusted for age, cigarette use, adiposity, aerobic capacity, nutrient intake, and stress. Coffee intake also correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels when adjusted for these confounding factors. Graphic analyses revealed that plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B and LDL-cholesterol were unrelated to intake of up to 2 cups of coffee per day and positively associated with intake exceeding 2 to 3 cups. These results suggest that male heavy coffee drinkers have lipoprotein profiles suggestive of increased cardiovascular disease risk, although the causality remains to be determined.
A Note on a Few Surgical Uses of Picric Acid
Authors: C. M. Allan
Journal: BMJ (1897)

T Mz BRmAL 457 castration in the operative treatment of enlarged prostate, but I am by no means converted.The condition of some of my patients years after prostatectomy is such as to make me feel that in the operation suggested by my lamented colleague McGill and by Belfield, independently, but almost simul- taneously some years ago, we have to chronicle a real ad- vance in the treatment of enlarged prostate which has failed to be relieved by catheterism and other milder measures.The details I gave in a paper at the International Medical Congress at Rome still holds good in my practice, both with regard to the preliminary preparation of the patient, the steps of the operation, and the subsequent treatment during convalescence.
The assessment of surgical competency in the UK
Authors: A. Jaffer, B. Bednarz, B. Challacombe, S. Sriprasad
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2008)

The assessment of surgical competence is a vital component of the surgical training process, the accreditation of specialists, and the maintenance of public confidence in the surgical profession [Grantcharov TP, Bardram L, Funch-Jensen P, Rosenberg J. Assessment of technical surgical skills. Eur J Surg 2002;168:139-44.]. The introduction of the Calman system, the European Working Time Directive, the Hospital at Night project, and financial pressures to increase productivity has nearly halved the surgical case load that trainees are exposed to. With less time to acquire surgical proficiency, surgeons may be insufficiently skilled at completion of training [Moorthy K, Munz Y, Sarker SK, Darzi A. Objective assessment of technical skills in surgery. BMJ 2003;327:1032-7.]. We look at the current methods of assessing surgical competency and what new innovative methods are on the horizon.A Medline search was performed in April 2005 using the keywords 'surgical training', 'surgical competence', 'surgical simulation' and 'virtual reality'. Only papers published in English have been cited in this review. Articles were reviewed for relevance, impact within the field, and applicability to the UK training system.A large number of articles explore the potential of training techniques - including wet and dry laboratories, computer simulators and virtual reality trainers - to complement traditional 'apprenticeship' surgical training. All of the methods demonstrate the ability to distinguish surgeons of varying competence.The advantages of the training methods discussed are many and there is great enthusiasm for introducing skills assessment within a nationally standardised and validated surgical curriculum [Aggarwal R, Moorthy K, Darzi A. Laparoscopic skills training and assessment. Br J Surg 2004;91:1549-58.], as well as using it as an adjunct to traditional methods of training.
Vasovagal syncope: a prospective, randomized, crossover evaluation of the effect of propranolol, nadolol and placebo on syncope recurrence and patients’ well-being
Authors: Panagiota Flevari, Efthimios G Livanis, George N Theodorakis, Elias Zarvalis, Theoni Mesiskli, Dimitrios T.h Kremastinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Are Autoimmunologists in Many Women's Future?
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Undifferentiated hematopoietic cells are characterized by a genome-wide undermethylation dip around the transcription start site and a hierarchical epigenetic plasticity
Authors: Yun Shin Chung, Hye Joung Kim, Tae-Min Kim, Sung-Hyun Hong, Kyung-Rim Kwon, Sungwhan An, Jung-Hoon Park, Suman Lee, Il-Hoan Oh
Journal: Blood (2009)
526 Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Greek patients with chronic hepatitis C and in patients with diverse non-viral hepatic diseases
Authors: S.P. Georgiadou, K. Zachou, E. Rigopoulou, C. Liaskos, P. Mina, F. Gerovasilis, E. Makri, G.N. Dalekos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
The medical check-up.
Authors: R I Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (1981)

CorrectionsHaemolytic disease of the newborn due to antibodies other than rhesus anti-DWe regret that an error appeared in the second paragraph of our leading article on "Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to antibodies other than rhesus anti-D" (22 August, p 514).Line 4 on page 515 should have read "of these, 70 (6 %,',) were due to anti-c.By 1974 prophylactic....
Beta adrenoceptor density and adenylate cyclase response in right atrial and left ventricular myocardium of patients with mitral valve disease
Authors: S. GOLF, D. ANDERSEN, V. HANSSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Beta adrenoceptor density, measured by radioligand binding techniques, is reportedly much higher in atrial than in ventricular myocardium of patients with mitral valve disease. In the present study adenylate cyclase activity, both basal and in response to beta adrenergic agonists and sodium fluoride, in biopsy preparations from these same patients was significantly lower in atrial than in ventricular tissue when stimulated with either isoproterenol, noradrenaline, isoproterenol combined with terbutaline, or sodium fluoride. Terbutaline stimulated and basal adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly different in the two cardiac regions. The ratios of receptor density to isoproterenol stimulated and to sodium fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were 4-5 times higher in atrial than in ventricular biopsy specimens. Thus ventricular beta receptors, although present in comparatively low concentrations, are coupled to considerably more catalytic moieties of the receptor-adenylate cyclase complex than their atrial counterparts. The reason for this is probably a relative lack of coupling proteins (N components) in atrial tissue. A weak positive correlation between receptor density and isoproterenol stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was found in atrial but not in ventricular tissue. This may indicate individual variation in receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling. Furthermore, no correlation was found between atrial and ventricular values for any variable. One reason for this may be the different haemodynamic stresses in the two cardiac chambers.
Diuretic Effect of Polythiazide and Sodium Meralluride
Authors: Harry Gold, Nathaniel T. Kwit, Dilip Mehta, Irwin D. J. Bross
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Polythiazide and sodium meralluride, in ceiling doses intramuscular, could not be distinguished with certainty, when compared for their diuretic action in 13 patients with edema and for other criteria described previously (1960). The average diuretic efficacy value for polythiazide was 83.4% that of meralluride. Two statistical tests failed to support the apparent difference. Confidence limits were wide: 59.9 and 106.9. The sign test, requiring a value greater than 3.84 to support a difference, yielded only 0.83. The diuretic efficacy of the thiazides as a group varies considerably. Chlorothiazide, the first assayed by this method, showed an efficacy value of 39.7% of meralluride. Polythiazide, with a value of 83.4%, is closer to the mercurial than any other thiazide we have tested by this method.
Infections of Intervertebral Disk
Authors: Bernard J. O'Loughlin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —The paper on Infections of the Intervertebral Disk in Children by Drs. Milone, Bianco, and Ivins from the Mayo Clinic (JAMA181:1029 [Sept 22] 1962) was of great interest to me. As you may know, but evidently they did not, we recently published a series of what appeared to be identical cases of disk disease in children, in which no bacteriological or viral etiologic agents could be identified. We were convinced, as others have been, that this is a nonspecific response to trauma or inflammation, and in a goodly number of these no organisms are present nor are they associated with infectious lesions elsewhere in the body. It is my opinion that the Staphylococcus aureus organisms identified in the cases listed by these authors were incidental rather than etiological.Flemming, Smith, and Mayer all listed patients who had clinical bacteriological disease. The cases of Saenger and
Chronic beta-adrenoceptor blockade prevents the development of beta-adrenergic subsensitivity in experimental right-sided congestive heart failure in dogs.
Authors: C S Liang, R P Frantz, M Suematsu, S Sakamoto, J T Sullebarger, T M Fan, L Guthinger
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The reductions of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor density and responsiveness to catecholamines in congestive heart failure are associated with excessive sympathetic stimulation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the myocardial changes could be prevented by beta-receptor blockade.We administered the oral beta-receptor blocking agent nadolol (40 mg/day) to dogs during an early stage of experimental right heart failure and to sham-operated dogs for 5 weeks. Animals receiving no nadolol were studied concurrently. Nadolol treatment did not prevent right ventricular hypertrophy or elevated concentrations of plasma norepinephrine that occurred in right heart failure, nor did it affect the decrease in myocardial norepinephrine content and norepinephrine uptake activity, suggesting that the hemodynamic stress imposed on the right ventricle of dogs with right heart failure was similar regardless of the presence or absence of beta-receptor blockade. Resting heart rate, right atrial pressure, aortic pressure, cardiac output, right ventricular dP/dt, and left ventricular dP/dt and dP/dt/P measured 5 days after discontinuation of nadolol did not differ significantly from those without nadolol treatment in either right heart failure or sham-operated animals. Sham-operated dogs also showed no changes in myocardial beta-receptor or adenylate cyclase activity after nadolol treatment. However, nadolol treatment prevented the reduction of myocardial beta-receptor density and attenuated the decrease in the cardiac beta-adrenergic sensitivity that occurred in right heart failure.Excessive sympathetic stimulation may play an important role in the development of beta-receptor downregulation and beta-adrenergic subsensitivity in right heart failure.
Mammalian rod terminal: Architecture of a binary synapse
Authors: R Rao-Mirotznik, A.B Harkins, G Buchsbaum, P Sterling
Journal: Neuron (1995)

The mammalian rod synapse transmits a binary signal (one photon or none) using tonic, rapid exocytosis. We constructed a quantitative, physical model of the synapse. Presynaptically, a single, linear active zone provides docking sites for approximately 130 vesicles, and a "ribbon" anchored to the active zone provides a depot for approximately 640 vesicles. Postsynaptically, 4 processes invaginate the terminal: 2 (known to have low affinity glutamate receptors) lie near the active zone (16 nm), and 2 (known to have high affinity glutamate receptors) lie at a distance (130-640 nm). The presynaptic structure seems designed to minimize fluctuations in tonic rate owing to empty docking sites, whereas the postsynaptic geometry may permit 1 vesicle to evoke an all-or-none response at all 4 postsynaptic processes.
Nonsense-mediated decay microarray analysis identifies mutations of EPHB2 in human prostate cancer
Authors: Pia Huusko, Damaris Ponciano-Jackson, Maija Wolf, Jeff A Kiefer, David O Azorsa, Sukru Tuzmen, Don Weaver, Christiane Robbins, Tracy Moses, Minna Allinen, Sampsa Hautaniemi, Yidong Chen, Abdel Elkahloun, Mark Basik, G Steven Bova, Lukas Bubendorf, Alessandro Lugli, Guido Sauter, Johanna Schleutker, Hilmi Ozcelik, Sabine Elowe, Tony Pawson, Jeffrey M Trent, John D Carpten, Olli-P Kallioniemi, Spyro Mousses
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
Nonsurgical Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction for Prevention of Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: Barry M. Beller
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Four acutely ill patients with multiple, recurrent pulmonary emboli, despite adequate anticoagulation therapy, have had the Mobin-Uddin inferior vena cava filter implanted at the time of diagnostic cardiac catheterization. In each patient, clinical improvement has occurred without significant morbidity, and there has been no instance of repeated major pulmonary embolization. This new device can be inserted quickly and safely in acutely ill patients without need for extensive surgery or general anesthesia. This report documents the clinical course of the patients, and the potential advantages of the method.