tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Hepatic Lipoprotein Receptors in the Dog. RAPID REGULATION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN B,E RECEPTORS, BUT NOT OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTORS, BY INTESTINAL LIPOPROTEINS AND BILE ACIDS
Authors: Bo Angelin, Carol A. Raviola, Thomas L. Innerarity, Robert W. Mahley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Two distinct lipoprotein receptors can be expressed in the dog liver. One is the apolipoprotein (apo-) B,E receptor. This receptor binds apo-B-containing low density lipoproteins (LDL), as well as apo-E-containing lipoproteins, such as the cholesterol-induced high density lipoproteins (HDLc). The second hepatic lipoprotein receptor is the apo-E receptor. It binds apo-E HDLc and chylomicron remnants, but not LDL. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether short-term (acute) regulation of the two receptors can occur in response to perturbations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism. The design used three groups of experimental animals: (a) immature dogs (with both hepatic apo-B,E and apo-E receptors expressed), (b) adult dogs (with predominantly the apo-E receptor expressed and little detectable apo-B,E receptor binding activity), and (c) dogs treated with the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine or those that have undergone biliary diversion (with apo-E receptors and induced apo-B,E receptors).
Load Dependence of Secondary Diaphragm Inflammation and Injury after Acute Inspiratory Loading
Authors: TIAN-XI JIANG, W. DARLENE REID, ANGELO BELCASTRO, JEREMY D. ROAD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Chronic or prolonged low-intensity loading of the inspiratory muscles has recently been shown to produce diaphragm injury. The present study was designed to examine whether an acute episode of inspiratory resistive loading (IRL) could produce secondary diaphragm inflammation and injury. On Day 1, three groups of anesthetized and intubated New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to moderate IRL (Pao of ≈ 30 cm H2O), high IRL (Pao of ≈ 45 cm H2O), or no load for 1.5 h. On Day 3, costal and crural diaphragms, parasternals, and gastrocnemius muscles were taken to assess injury by point counting. Normal muscle, abnormal and inflamed muscle, and connective tissue on hematoxylin and eosin–stained cross-sections were expressed as percentage of the total points for that cross-section. For the costal diaphragm, both the abnormal muscle (7.3 ± 0.6% versus 1.1 ± 0.2%; p < 0.001) and connective tissue (8.0 ± 0.6% versus 5.7 ± 0.2%; p < 0.01) in the high IRL group were higher than control, whereas in the moderate IRL group they were not significantly different from control. Total calpain-like activity was increased in the moderate IRL group but not in the high IRL group. Injury was observed in the parasternal muscles but to a lesser extent. No injury was observed in the gastrocnemius muscle. We conclude that secondary diaphragm injury occurs after acute IRL but only when the IRL exceeds the fatigue threshold.
Prenatal blood test for Down's syndrome is to be introduced in Germany despite ethical and legal concerns
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A new prenatal test that can detect Down’s syndrome from a mother’s blood sample is expected to be introduced soon in Germany, despite a legal expert saying that the test does not comply with Germany’s law on genetic diagnostic tests.

Although the government official with responsibility for people with learning disabilities and several ethicists oppose the new test, because they fear it will lead to more abortions and discrimination against children with Down’s syndrome, the president of the German Medical Association, Frank-Ulrich Montgomery, is in favour of it. …
Regulation of postprandial mesenteric blood flow in humans: evidence for a cholinergic nervous reflex.
Authors: C Sieber, C Beglinger, K Jaeger, P Hildebrand, G A Stalder
Journal: Gut (1991)

Duplex ultrasound was used to investigate superior mesenteric artery haemodynamics in humans in order to determine the physiological importance of postprandial blood concentrations of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8), gastrin 17, secretin, and glucagon and to study whether a nervous cholinergic reflex mechanism has a role in the postprandial mesenteric blood flow response. Duplex parameters of vessel diameter, mean velocity, and flow volume were determined serially in the basal state and after stimulation. Changes were compared with baseline values. Superior mesenteric artery parameters were significantly increased over baseline values after a liquid test meal, but ingestion of saline did not cause any changes. Hormones infused simultaneously at postprandial concentrations did not change mesenteric blood flow. When they were infused at pharmacological doses, however, a significant increase in flow parameters was observed. Pretreatment with atropine significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced the mesenteric blood flow response to meal stimulation (57%). These data suggest that the four hormones tested are not of quantitative importance in regulating postprandial superior mesenteric artery blood flow. A cholinergic nervous reflex, however, participates in the control of food induced mesenteric artery flow changes.
Effects of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase inhibition on splanchnic hemodynamics in portal hypertension
Authors: Yuping Wu, Cartland R. Burns, James V. Sitzmann
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Portal hypertension is associated with splanchnic hyperemia and increased plasma levels of prostacyclin. Recently, nitric oxide was proposed as a mediator of this arterial vasodilatation. We hypothesized that portal hypertension alters the relative contribution of prostacyclin and nitric oxide to splanchnic vasomotor control. We studied the relationship of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in normal and portal-hypertensive (3 wk after partial portal vein ligation) male rabbits at baseline and following increasing doses of indomethacin, LG-nitro-L-arginine methylester or both. L-arginine was used as the control. Aortic, central and portal venous pressures were measured directly. Blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was measured by means of an ultrasonic flow probe, and resistance was calculated. LG-nitro-L-arginine methylester produced vasoconstriction (increased resistance and decreased blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery) in normal and portal-hypertensive rabbits, although in portal hypertensive animals resistance and superior mesenteric artery blood flow remained significantly different than that in normal rabbits because of preexisting hyperemia. L-arginine reversed the effect of LG-nitro-L-arginine methylester. Cyclooxygenase blockade induced dose-dependent vasoconstriction in normal and portal-hypertensive animals. Indomethacin induced further vasoconstriction after LG-nitro-L-arginine methylester and reduced portal venous pressure in portal-hypertensive animals. We conclude that this indicates an amplified role for some prostaglandin, probably prostacyclin, in portal hypertension hemodynamics. It also implies that the two vasodilators act by way of independent mechanisms.
Combined Percutaneous-Endoscopic Pancreatic Pseudocyst Drainage - A New Technique
Authors: A. Obrador, J. Pueyo, J. Gayà, A. Llompart
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Surgical drainage has been the traditional approach to treating pancreatic pseudocysts. Percutaneous and endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst were recently suggested as an alternative to surgery. In order to avoid the difficulties that can be observed in some patients in the percutaneous or endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts we have used a combined procedure. We have treated by the “rendezvous” technique two patients suffering from pancreatic fistula complicating pancreatic pseudocysts. A percutaneous-endoscopic approach was used to place an internal stent between the pseudocyst and the duodenum. We have applied the same combined approach to the main pancreatic duct that is usual for bile duct obstruction without noticeable complications. Although application of this technique will be very limited, we advocate in the future the combined approach to treating pancreatic pseudocyst when there is a fistula between the fluid collection and pancreatic duct, and the downstream main pancreatic duct is obstructed, preventing use of the transpapillary approach.
The whole hospital system needs to be addressed nationally
Authors: J. B. Salmon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The most terrifying aspects of Mid Staffs are the organisational dysfunction that allowed such poor care and the concern that similar failings are widespread in the NHS.1 Almost as worrying are some responses to the report: particularly the search for scapegoats.

Most managers are well meaning people trying to administer an organisation that is under-resourced and over committed. External and political …
The Purine Revolution
Authors: Michael Lesch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

"The biochemistry of uric acid and its relation to gout" was recently (1963) reviewed in a series of articles that appeared in the Medical Progress section of the Journal.1 In this series the biochemistry of purines in general and the metabolism of uric acid in particular were reviewed in depth. In retrospect it is of interest that neither hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) nor allopurinol was mentioned in the review. By present standards it seems out of the question not to mention allopurinol and HGPRT in a discussion of gout and related topics. However, the explanation for the 1963 omission . . .
Thrombospondin-induced adhesion of human platelets.
Authors: G P Tuszynski, M A Kowalska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Washed human unactivated platelets attached and spread on thrombospondin (TSP)-coated microtiter plates. Platelet adhesion was promoted by divalent cations Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ as compared to buffer having all divalent cations complexed with EDTA. TSP-dependent adhesion was inhibited by anti-TSP fab fragments, an anti-TSP monoclonal antibody, an RGD-containing peptide, complex-specific anti-glycoprotein (GP)IIb-IIIa monoclonal antibodies (A2A9 or AP-2) and anti-VLA-2 monoclonal antibodies (6F1 and Gi9), but not by rabbit preimmune fab fragments, mouse IgG, an anti-GPIIIa monoclonal antibody, or monoclonal antibodies against either the human vitronectin receptor, glycocalicin, or GPIV. At saturating concentrations, anti-GPIIb-IIIa inhibited adhesion by 40-60%. Glanzman's thrombasthenic platelets, which lack GPIIb-IIIa, adhered to TSP to the same extent as anti-GPIIb-IIIa-treated normal platelets or 40-60% as well as untreated normal platelets. Antibody 6F1 (5-10 micrograms/ml) inhibited platelet adhesion of both normal and thrombasthenic platelets by 84-100%. Both VLA-2 antibodies also inhibited collagen-induced platelet adhesion, but had no effect on fibronectin-induced adhesion of normal platelets. These data indicate that platelets specifically adhere to TSP and that this adhesion is mediated through GPIIb-IIIa and/or VLA-2.
Component‐resolved <i>in vitro</i> diagnosis of carrot allergy in three different regions of <scp>E</scp>urope
Authors: B. K. Ballmer‐Weber, K. Skamstrup Hansen, J. Sastre, K. Andersson, I. Bätscher, J. Östling, L. Dahl, K.‐M. Hanschmann, T. Holzhauser, L. K. Poulsen, J. Lidholm, S. Vieths
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Carrot is a frequent cause of food allergy in E urope. The objective of this study was to evaluate a panel of carrot allergens for diagnosis of carrot allergy in S pain, S witzerland and D enmark. Methods Forty‐nine carrot allergic patients, 71 pollen allergic but carrot‐tolerant patients and 63 nonatopic controls were included. Serum Ig E to carrot extract, recombinant carrot allergens (r D au c 1.0104; r D au c 1.0201; r D au c 4; the isoflavone reductase‐like proteins r D au c I FR 1, r D au c IFR 2; the carrot cyclophilin r D au c C yc) were analyzed by I mmuno CAP . Results The sensitivity of the carrot extract‐based test was 82%. Use of the recombinant allergens increased the sensitivity to 90%. The D au c 1 isoforms were major allergens for S wiss and D anish carrot allergic patients, the profilin r D au c 4 for the S panish patients. The r D au c IFR 1 and r D au c IFR 2 were recognized by 6% and 20% of the carrot allergics, but did not contribute to a further increase of sensitivity. Among pollen allergic controls, 34% had Ig E to carrot extract, 18% to each of r D au c 1.0104, r D au c 1.0201 and r D au c 4, 8% to r D au c IFR 1 and 7% to r D au c IFR 2. Sensitization to r D au c C yc occurred in one carrot allergic patient and one nonatopic control. Conclusion Component‐resolved in vitro analyses revealed a significant difference in Ig E sensitization pattern between geographical regions and in the prevalence of sensitization to carrot components between carrot allergic and carrot‐tolerant but pollen sensitized patients.
Iron Chelating Agents Are Not Useful in Treating Atherosclerosis
Authors: J.J.M. Marx
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 September 1994Iron Chelating Agents Are Not Useful in Treating AtherosclerosisJ.J.M. Marx, J.J.M. Marx,, G. Vreugdenhil, MD, PhD, and E.E. Voest, MD, PhDJ.J.M. Marx, J.J.M. Marx,Search for more papers by this author, G. Vreugdenhil, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this author, and E.E. Voest, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The role of the transition metals such as iron and copper in oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increasing its affinity for subendothelial macrophages and its atherogenicity, is well established experimentally. Whether increased iron stores are associated with a higher risk for coronary heart disease was tested in several cohort studies. Only those studies using proper indicators for body iron stores provided some evidence for the validity of this hypothesis [1]. There is no solid information on the chemical form, origin, and quantity of catalytically active iron able to promote oxygen-radical-mediated atherosclerosis. Because it is not justified to ...References1. Ascherio A, Willett WC. Are body iron stores related to the risk of coronary heart disease? N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:1152-4. Google Scholar2. Voest EE, Vreugdenhil G, Marx JJ. Iron-chelating agents in non-iron overload conditions. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:490-9. Google Scholar3. Lind MD, Hamor MJ, Hamor TA, Hoard JL. Stereochemistry of ethylenediaminetetraacetate complexes. Inorganic Chemistry. 1964; 3:34-43. Google Scholar4. McCord JM, Day ED Jr. Superoxide-dependent production of hydroxyl radical catalyzed by iron-EDTA complex. FEBS Lett. 1978; 86:139-42. Google Scholar5. Voest EE, Van Faassen E, Marx JJ. An electron paramagnetic resonance study of the antioxidant properties of the nitroxide free radical TEMPO. Free Radic Biol Med. 1993; 15:589-95. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J.J.M. Marx, J.J.M. Marx,; G. Vreugdenhil, MD, PhD; E.E. Voest, MD, PhD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffect of chelation therapy on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease: PATCH substudyChelation Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, Deferoxamine, and DexrazoxaneInhibition of Reperfusion Injury by Iron Chelators 1 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 5Page: 384-385KeywordsAtherosclerosisCalciumCohort studiesCoronary heart diseaseDrug metabolismEthylenediaminetetraacetic acidLow density lipoproteinTherapeutic drug monitoringToxicityVascular diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mitogen-activated protein kinase and its activator are regulated by hypertonic stress in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
Authors: T Itoh, A Yamauchi, A Miyai, K Yokoyama, T Kamada, N Ueda, Y Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Madin-Darby canine kidney cells behave like the renal medulla and accumulate small organic solutes (osmolytes) in a hypertonic environment. The accumulation of osmolytes is primarily dependent on changes in gene expression of enzymes that synthesize osmolytes (sorbitol) or transporters that uptake them (myo-inositol, betaine, and taurine). The mechanism by which hypertonicity increases the transcription of these genes, however, remains unclear. Recently, it has been reported that yeast mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and its activator, MAP kinase-kinase, are involved in osmosensing signal transduction and that mutants in these kinases fail to accumulate glycerol, a yeast osmolyte. No information is available in mammals regarding the role of MAP kinase in the cellular response to hypertonicity. We have examined whether MAP kinase and MAP kinase-kinase are regulated by extracellular osmolarity in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Both kinases were activated by hypertonic stress in a time- and osmolarity-dependent manner and reached their maximal activity within 10 min. Additionally, it was suggested that MAP kinase was activated in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. These results indicate that MAP kinase and MAP kinase-kinase(s) are regulated by extracellular osmolarity.
The Life and Death of Medical Records
Authors: Henry T. Lynch
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> One of the most frustrating experiences which a geneticist or epidemiologist encounters is the blind alley he often reaches in his search for a medical record for verification of diagnosis and pathology. Suddenly he receives a terse statement, "we regret to inform you that all records at this institution have been destroyed prior to the year such and such." This has been a sad experience for us through the years as we attempt to delineate the role of inheritance for certain specific malignant neoplasms. According to our protocol, which we are prepared to defend almost with our lives, we believe that the only way meaningful information can be retrieved for a clear understanding of epidemiologic and genetic factors in cancer is through an accurate pathological verification of the cancer of any specific anatomic site. Obviously this necessitates a detailed description of the abnormalities in the medical chart.
Low- and high-frequency insulin secretion pulses in normal subjects and pancreas transplant recipients: role of extrinsic innervation.
Authors: G E Sonnenberg, R G Hoffmann, C P Johnson, A H Kissebah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Low-frequency ultradian and high-frequency insulin secretion pulses were studied in normal subjects and in metabolically stable pancreas transplant recipients. Insulin secretion pulsatility was evaluated after deconvoluting the pulsatile plasma C peptide concentrations with its kinetic coefficients. In normal subjects, ultradian insulin secretion pulses with periodicities of 75-115 min were consistently observed during the 24-h secretory cycle. Pulse period and relative amplitude during the overnight rest (95 +/- 4 min and 27.6 +/- 2.4%) were similar to those during the steady state of continuous enteral feeding (93 +/- 5 min and 32.6 +/- 3.3%). Sampling at 2-min intervals revealed the presence of high-frequency insulin secretion pulses with periodicities of 14-20 min and an average amplitude of 46.6 +/- 5.4%. Pancreas transplant recipients had normal fasting and fed insulin secretion rates. Both low- and high-frequency insulin secretion pulses were present. The high-frequency pulse characteristics were identical to normal. Low-frequency ultradian pulse periodicity was normal but pulse amplitude was increased. Thus, ultradian insulin secretory pulsatility is a consistent feature in normal subjects. The low- and high-frequency secretion pulsatilities are generated independent of extrinsic innervation. Autonomic innervation might modulate low-frequency ultradian pulse amplitude exerting a dampening effect.
Hypnosis and Behavior Therapy
Authors: M G Gelder
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> RNA 2′-O-methylation, one of the most abundant modifications on RNAs, is crucial for diverse intracellular biological processes. In the past several years, several high-throughput screening methods have been developed, resulting in the identification of thousands of new 2′-O-methylation (Nm) sites. However, due to the high variability in these high-throughput methods, accurate and rapid low-throughput validation assays are needed to confirm and quantify the 2′-O-methylation status of screened candidate sites. Although several low-throughput Nm site detection methods have been reported, precise location and quantitative assays are still challenging to achieve. Based on the characteristic that RNase H would be inhibited by Nm modification, we developed Nm-VAQ (site-specific 2′-O-methylation (Nm) Validation and Absolute Quantification resolution). In this study, with multiple tests of reagents and conditions, Nm-VAQ was established with a chimera probe of RNA/DNA, RNase H site-specific cleavage, and qRT-PCR, which demonstrated precise absolute quantification of modification ratios and methylation copy numbers. With the help of Nm-VAQ, the 2′-O-methylation status of 5 sites in rRNA was evaluated.
Enlargement of the salivary gland after ritodrine treatment in pregnant women.
Authors: H. Minakami, T. Takahashi, A. Izumi, H. Itoi, T. Tamada
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Preterm labour continues to complicate a substantial number of pregnancies, and preterm delivery accounts for most early neonatal deaths not due to congenital abnormalities.' Ritodrine hydrochloride, a 13 sympathomimetic agent with predominant effects on 0 receptors such as those of the uterus,2 is effective in suppressing premature uterine contractions.2We describe six pregnant women given ritodrine hydrochloride who developed swelling of the salivary glands with hypersecretion of amylase.
c-Myc Regulates RNA Splicing of the A-Raf Kinase and Its Activation of the ERK Pathway
Authors: Jens Rauch, Kim Moran-Jones, Valerie Albrecht, Thomas Schwarzl, Keith Hunter, Olivier Gires, Walter Kolch
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A-Raf kinase can inhibit apoptosis by binding to the proapoptotic mammalian sterile 20-like kinase (MST2). This function relies on expression of hnRNP H, which ensures the correct splicing of a-raf mRNA needed to produce full-length A-Raf protein. Here, we showed that expression of hnRNP H and production of full-length A-Raf is positively controlled by c-Myc. Low c-Myc reduces hnRNP H expression and switches a-raf splicing to produce A-Rafshort, a truncated protein. Importantly, A-Rafshort fails to regulate MST2 but retains the Ras-binding domain such that it functions as a dominant negative mutant suppressing Ras activation and transformation. Human colon and head and neck cancers exhibit high hnRNP H and high c-Myc levels resulting in enhanced A-Raf expression and reduced expression of A-Rafshort. Conversely, in normal cells and tissues in which c-Myc and hnRNP H are low, A-Rafshort suppresses extracellular signal regulated kinase activation such that it may act as a safeguard against oncogenic transformation. Our findings offered a new paradigm to understand how c-Myc coordinates diverse cell functions by directly affecting alternate splicing of key signaling components. Cancer Res; 71(13); 4664–74. ©2011 AACR.
ICD and DSM are contemporary cultural documents
Authors: D. Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—In their riposte to my critique of post-traumatic stress disorder Mezey and Robbins cite me as advocating a “stiff upper lip” approach to adversity. 1 2 This is disingenuous: I was pointing to the tension between aspects of British identity traditionally grounded in stoicism and composure and the emergent demands of an expressive individualism.

Mezey and Robbins pay …