tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to increased vascular fibrinolytic activity in mongrel dogs.
Authors: I M Lang, J J Marsh, R G Konopka, M A Olman, B R Binder, K M Moser, R R Schleef
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Numerous investigators have observed that pulmonary emboli are rapidly lysed in a canine model system. This study was undertaken to delineate the unique mechanism that accounts for the rapid dissolution of pulmonary emboli in mongrel dogs. METHODS AND RESULTS Canine plasminogen activator (PA) activity (2.6 +/- 1.1 IU/mL acidified platelet-poor plasma [PPP], &lt; 0.3 IU/mL acidified whole blood serum [WBS], mean +/- SD; n = 6) and PA inhibitor activity (6.1 +/- 2.6 U/mL PPP, 35.4 +/- 7.8 U/mL WBS; n = 6) were determined in standard plasminogen-based chromogenic assays. Analysis of canine PPP, WBS, platelet lysates, and primary canine endothelial cell (EC) cultures by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fibrin autography revealed a plasminogen-dependent lytic zone at 45-kd relative molecular mass that was shown to be related to urokinase-type PA (u-PA) by its selective inhibition through amiloride. Analysis of canine platelets on standard 125I fibrin plate assays revealed a net fibrinolytic activity. In a clot lysis assay system, canine platelets were able to stimulate fibrinolysis when layered on the outside of fibrin clots containing autologous PPP. Moreover, net fibrinolytic activity of primary canine pulmonary artery endothelial cells was higher than the activities expressed by canine aortic or carotid artery endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Rapid lysis of pulmonary emboli in mongrel dogs appears to be a result of 1) the high u-PA activity in canine PPP and 2) the predominant association of u-PA activity with canine platelets and canine pulmonary artery endothelial cells.
Aberrant Crypt Foci: Detection, Gene Abnormalities, and Clinical Usefulness
Authors: Tetsuji Takayama, Koji Miyanishi, Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Takehiro Kukitsu, Kunihiro Takanashi, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Takahiro Kogawa, Tomoyuki Abe, Yoshiro Niitsu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
AHA: Severe Obesity in US Youth Is Increasing and Difficult to Treat
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Although US childhood obesity rates overall have been flat over the past several years, the prevalence of severe obesity has increased. An estimated 4% to 6% of all US youths are severely obese, and there�s evidence that they have a �much more adverse cardiometabolic risk profile� than their overweight and obese counterparts, according to an American Heart Association scientific statement.

The statement defines children older than 2 years as severely obese if they have a body mass index (BMI) that is at least 20% higher than the 95th percentile for their sex and age or a BMI of 35 or higher. Severely obese children have higher rates of type 2 diabetes than children with lower BMIs, and they also demonstrate early signs of vascular dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis (Kelly AS et al. Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182a5cfb3 [published online September 9, 2013]).
Adenosine A <sub>3</sub> Receptor and Cardioprotection
Authors: Beverly A. Rothermel, Joseph A. Hill
Journal: Circulation (2008)

I schemic injury to the myocardium is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. 1 It is worth remembering, however, that this insult to the heart emerged only in the last few centuries, an instant in time from an evolutionary perspective.Thus, any cardioprotective responses to ischemic injury undoubtedly evolved for an entirely different purpose.Beyond pure academic interest, however, there is a profound clinical need to identify new means of protecting the myocardium from disease-related stress.Among the strategies in development is a concerted effort to understand and enhance the body's innate mechanisms of cardioprotection.
Static cold storage versus hypothermic machine perfusion for preservation of marginal renal allografts; A real time comparison using rapid sampling microdialysis (RSMD)
Authors: Nicholas Bullock, Samir Damji, Karim Hamaoui, Oluwadamilare Oladokun, Martyn Boutelle, Agnes Leong, Michelle Rogers, Sally Gowers, George Hanna, Ara Darzi, Vassilios Papalois
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2012)
Letter From an "Angry Student"
Authors: David Seegal
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is pleasing to observe the interest expressed in the notion that the initiation and strengthening of a program for teaching the student to teach in his undergraduate years is the responsibility of<i>both</i>the student and the medical school. Mr. Gutheil appears disturbed by my usage of the word "angry." Perhaps I should have written "unhappy" or "irritated" or "discontented," but I have been won over by Dr. Carl V. Moore's article, "The Angry Medical Student and the Changing Face of Medicine" (<i>Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha</i><b>29</b>:72-77 [July] 1966) which contains the following statements: We are painfully aware of the discontent of medical students everywhere with their educational experience. I have tried to ask myself why the student is mad, and to what extent his anger is justified?... The medical student is irritated—or mad—because so much faculty time is devoted to post-graduate programs.... If
Health of the nation.
Authors: G Winstanley
Journal: BMJ (1991)

enteritis."'The authors detail the oral therapy they used in terms of mmoUl.Mans! vears ago I was taught that the best oral rehydration solution was one that was made up of eight tablespoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt in one litre of water.Three glasses of this mixture were to be given after each stool.Does this simple, plain, and uncomplicated oral mixture, which could be understood by anyone, correspond to the glucose-electrolyte solution, measured in mmol/l, mentioned in the article?
915. High and Low Affinity Consensus Binding Sequences to Extracellular α7 Integrin X2B Subunit Detected Using Phage Display Biopanning
Authors: Daniel P. Reay, Pattarana Sae-chew, Paula R. Clemens
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Multiple biopanning strategies have been developed to uncover ligands that bind to specific cellular receptors such as panning on immobilized targets or on live cells. This study utilized a cell-based system in which MCF7 breast carcinoma cells stably transfected with the α7 integrin X2B subunit gene (MCF7α7(+)) were used for positive selection, while non-transfected MCF7 cells were used for negative selection. We chose α7 integrin, a cell surface receptor whose expression is largely restricted to skeletal muscle and is up- regulated in dystrophic muscle, as our biopanning receptor to discover targeting ligands for muscle gene delivery. The biopanning strategy developed for this project began with a single library of phage representing approximately 1x109 possible combinations of 7 amino acids. For the first round of biopanning, we incubated the original library with MCF7α7(+) cells for positive selection, removed any non-binding phage and collected the bound phage in 2 separate fractions. A low affinity fraction was collected by low pH wash and then neutralized, while a high affinity fraction was recovered by cell collection, subsequent freezing and thawing to lyse the cells, and removal of cellular debris by centrifugation. Once the positive selection was completed, we immediately performed negative selection using each fraction (low and high affinity) separately on MCF7 cells. After the last of 6 rounds of biopanning for each phage fraction, with each round containing a positive and negative selection, the un-amplified eluate was titered to limiting dilution and individual phage clones were picked and amplified separately. Purified clones were analyzed first by an ELISA-based binding assay developed. using MCF7α7(+) and MCF7 cells to determine if a single phage clone with specific ligand revealed higher binding specificity in α7- positive cells. Following binding analysis, DNA from clones with 2-3× higher binding affinity in α7-positive cells over α7-negative cells were sequenced to determine if a consensus binding sequence had been discovered. We show that 36% and 70% of analyzed clones from low and high affinity binding fractions, respectively, revealed a consensus binding sequence to α7 integrin. Further testing of each consensus sequence will be conducted to determine efficiency and specificity of muscle binding. The sequences can then be incorporated into viral and non-viral vectors for vector targeting.
Review: In patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers, hyperbaric oxygen reduces major amputations
Authors: M. Hassan Murad, Qusay Haydour, Khalid Benkhadra
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Liu R, Li L, Yang M, Boden G, Yang G. Systematic review of the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy in the management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:166-75. 23374620
Impact of Resident Participation in a Multidisciplinary Diabetes Team
Authors: Deborah L Gray, Carl D Langefeld, Michael P Golden, Donald P Orr
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of participation in a multidisciplinary diabetes team on pediatric residents' perceptions of team members' roles. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pediatric residents were assigned to a traditional diabetes clinical rotation (n = 34) or to an ambulatory multidiscipl inary diabetes team within their continuity clinic (n = 21). The residents and a smallsample of practicing pediatricians (n = 46) completed a Likert-type instrument at the completion of the 18-mo study. RESULTS Multidisciplinary diabetes team residents were significantly more positive about the roles for endocrinological evaluation in monitoring compliance, for the nurse educator/certified diabetes educator in assisting with sick-day management and school behavioral problems, and for the dietitian in helping with cholesterol problems. They were significantly more like practicing pediatricians in their perceptions of pediatric roles in teaching sick-day management, implementing weight reduction, assisting with conflict resolution about diabetes, screening for microvascular complications, and developing behavioral strategies for metabolic control than residents in the traditional rotation. The groups did not differ in their beliefs about patient empowerment. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary diabetes team participation may be useful in modifying specific role perceptions of pediatric residents about diabetes care. It does not appear to alter perceptions favoring greater patient empowerment.
Effects of Hepatectomy, Nephrectomy, and Nephrectomy/Uremia on the Metabolism of Parathyroid Hormone in the Rat
Authors: Gino V. Segre, Pierre D'Amour, Anne Hultman, John T. Potts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Reports from several laboratories, showing extensive hepatic extraction of circulating parathyroid hormone, led us to examine the effect of near-total hepatectomy on the metabolism of the hormone to circulating fragments, and on its clearance from plasma. The rate of disappearance of 125I-labeled and unlabeled bovine parathyroid hormone from plasma, and the appearance, disappearance, and chemical and immunochemical characteristics of circulating fragments were examined by gel filtration and either sequence-specific radioimmunoassays or sequence analysis using the Edman reaction. Results from awake rats subjected to near-total hepatectomy were compared with those found in sham-treated, nephrectomized, and short-term uremic rats (studied 2 d after nephrectomy). When compared with the sham-treated group, all other groups clear 125I-labeled hormone more slowly; after hepatectomy, however, the clearance rate is most strikingly decreased.
WHO insists screening can cut breast cancer rates
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Mammography helps to cut deaths from breast cancer in older women by about a third, agree experts assembled by the World Health Organization, hoping to put an end to the uncertainties that over the last two years have surrounded the value of screening.

The 24 experts from 11 countries, convened this month by the WHO's International Agency …
The spectrum of livedo reticularis and anticardiolipin antibodies
Authors: R.A. ASHERSON, S.C. MAYOU, P. MERRY, M.M. BLACK, G.R.V. HUGHES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We document a study of 65 patients presenting to our clinics, over a 2-year period, with livedo reticularis. All patients were screened for the presence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies and assessed for the presence of central nervous system disease and features of the 'antiphospholipid' syndrome, including venous and arterial thromboses and foetal loss. Patients were also assessed for other clinical features such as Raynaud's phenomenon and valvular lesions. Twenty-eight anti-cardiolipin positive patients were compared with 37 anti-cardiolipin negative patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of cerebrovascular disease (including strokes and transient ischaemic attacks) thrombocytopenia, valvular heart lesions and foetal loss in the anti-cardiolipin positive patients as compared with the anticardiolipin negative groups.
Scottish independence could threaten medical research, warn scientists
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Arguments have broken out in Scotland over the future of medical research if the country votes to separate from the UK in September’s independence referendum.

A group of leading doctors and scientists warns that independence will “jeopardise Scotland’s present success in the highly competitive arena of biomedical research.” However, these fears have been dismissed by a group of academics campaigning for a yes vote.

Scotland has 9% of the UK population but in 2012-13 received just over 13% of grants from the UK Research Council. It also received a greater than population share of research funding distributed …
Novel Approaches to Cardiac Valve Repair
Authors: Magdi H. Yacoub, Lawrence H. Cohn
Journal: Circulation (2004)

I n Part I of this article, several aspects of valve structure and function and their possible clinical relevance were discussed.We now review the clinical evolution and application for various forms of valve repair and outline some of the factors relating to the timing and choice of particular types of repair or replacement and, whenever appropriate, repair versus replacement.In addition, future prospects of valve repair based on understanding of the sophisticated function and structure of valves and the possible future contribution of tissue engineering are discussed.
Abstract 41: Identification of CXCL5/ENA-78 regulating the interaction of cholangiocarcinoma and cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Hirohisa Okabe, Toru Beppu, Mitsuharu Ueda, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Toshiro Masuda, Kosuke Mima, Shigeki Nakagawa, Keisuke Miyake, Naomi Yokoyama, Yoshifumi Baba, Hiroshi Takamori, Takatoshi Ishiko, Hirofumi Jono, Satoru Shinriki, Yukio Ando, Hideo Baba
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background and Aims: Tumor-stromal interaction has been recognized to be essential for understanding tumor development. Cholangiocarcinoma shows very poor prognosis and have fibrous tumor stroma. Hepatic stellate cells are well-known to have a major role in hepatic fibrogenesis. Therefore, we have focused on the interaction of cholangiocarcinoma and hepatic stellate cells and reported their positive interaction (Ann Surg Oncol 2009, 2011). The aim of this study is to identify the key protein which is important for the interaction of cholangiocarcinoma cells and hepatic stellate cells and examine its functional role in tumor progression. Methods: Using co-culture model and proteomic analysis, we analyzed the secreted factors which were considered to be important for their interaction. The functional role of CXCL5 was examined in vitro and clinical significance was validated using human intrahepatic carcinoma samples by immunohistochemistry. Results: Using SELDI-TOF-MS and qTOF-MS/MS analysis, we identified CXCL5 which was remarkably increased when they were co-cultured. CXCL5 which was mainly produced by cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (HuCCT1 and RBE) promoted the invasion, and migration of them in the autocrine fashion. These effects were significantly decreased by inhibition of CXCR2 which was a receptor of CXCL5. IL1β was found to up-regulate in hepatic stellate cells when they were co-cultured by cytokine array analysis, we also found that IL1β accelerated the production of CXCL5 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. In human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, immunohistochemical study showed that there was a significant correlation between stromal myofibroblasts and CXCL5 produced by cholangiocarcinoma cells. Since CXCL5 is identified as epithelial neutrophil activating factor-78 (ENA-78), we researched the presence of CD66b positive immune cells which have been recently reported to be tumor-associated neutrophils. CD66b positive immune cells are more abundant in CXCL5 high expression group. In addition, high CXCL5 expression group showed worse survival than low expression group. Conclusion: We conclude that CXCL5 is important for the interaction of cholangiocarcinoma and stromal myofibroblasts and that the strategies to inhibit tumor-stromal cell interactions may be beneficial in cholangiocarcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 41. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-41
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and the Ultimate Coronary Care Unit
Authors: Kevin M. McIntyre
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The work of the National Conference on Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) held in Dallas in September 1979 appears in this issue ofThe Journal. This updates the 1974<i>JAMA</i>"Standards,"1 more than 3 million reprints of which have been circulated worldwide. Questions as to where we have been in CPR and ECC, where we are going, and where we should be going were addressed in the context of the nearly 1,000 sudden deaths per day in this country. While the Conference focused on the treatment of cardiac emergencies, the need for new initiatives and strategies working in parallel with emergency care was well appreciated. Notice was taken of the need for physicians and the medical community to embrace a new prescription for dealing with sudden death caused by coronary heart disease (CHD) that continues to emphasize improvement in capabilities for dealing effectively
Screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: G R McLatchie, D S Pedoe, W J McKenna, C Butler, W S Hillis, G Davies, T Yorath, M J Davies, J F Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

to the screening programme proposed by the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association and consider that more harm than good is likely to result from such a programme.Even testing family members for the gene mutation may have serious and unforeseen consequences and should not be done without careful consideration and the fully informed consent of those being tested.Clark and Coats rightly state that this "can have value in reassuring unaffected members of families where the mutation is known."The variability of the disorder, however, will mean that a proportion of such healthy people will prove to have the mutation, with uncertainty as to their prognosis and need for treatment or a change in lifestyle as well as possible adverse consequences with regard to insurance and employment.The implications could be even more important in a wider screening setting.We suggest that the Hypertrophic Cardio- myopathy Association should use its energy and funds to support research to evaluate the effectiveness of screening, including the psychosocial aspects, rather than in promoting a so far unvalidated programme.We are not aware of any such evaluation in progress, in Britain or the United States, and it will be increasingly difficult to undertake this if screening is adopted as part of clinical practice.
AMEBIC DYSENTERY IN MICHIGAN.
Authors: GEORGE DOCK
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The recording of a single case of amebic dysentery can be justified only by particular circumstances. In this case the geographic source of the infection is my chief reason, a secondary cause being the desire to emphasize the need of further work in this class of cases. <h3>THE CASE IN POINT.</h3><h3>History.</h3> —H. S., farmer, 30 years old, was admitted to the medical clinic of the University Hospital, Ann Arbor, Dec. 6, 1901, on account of frequent loose stools, containing blood and mucus, pain in the abdomen, tenesmus and loss of weight and strength. The family history is negative. With the exception of chicken-pox, measles and diphtheria in childhood, the patient has always been well up to the present illness and continued his work until the day of admission. He states that his food and eating habits have always been good; does not use alcoholics. Drinks well water, the well
Principles in Research on the Effects of Sports on Health
Authors: William Haddon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The effects of sports and of other forms of recreation on health are largely unknown because available epidemiologic research techniques have not been applied. "Exposure" to risk, incidence and prevalence of injuries and benefits, and differences between injured and noninjured and participants and nonparticipants must be measured for causal inferences and preventive action. Variables and questions for study relate to the sport, participants, environment, audience, officials, equipment, medical care, late effects such as epilepsy and musculoskeletal pathology, time and place, and cultural functions of aggression and violence. The incompleteness of information should not, however, justify avoiding decisions, for example, in relation to the prevention of the continuing deaths of high school and other football players. Little evidence supports the "body-contact" cult. Research should provide information to minimize injuries and maximize benefits. From the scientific standpoint, the effects of sports on health are largely unknown. Specific research has been scanty, and
TCT-171 Paclitaxel Balloon Delivery Results In Homogeneous In-Stent Neointimal Distribution and Reduction of Stent Edge Stenosis Progression in the Peripheral Swine Model
Authors: Maxwell Afari, Armando Tellez, Seung-Jin Oh, Piotr Buszman, Yanping Cheng, Jong Shiuan Yeh, Gerard Conditt, Greg Kaluza, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
IL-1-induced murine osteoblast IL-6 production is mediated by the type 1 IL-1 receptor and is increased by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Authors: D L Lacey, L E Grosso, S A Moser, J Erdmann, H L Tan, R Pacifici, D T Villareal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

IL-1-induced osteoblast IL-6 production represents one possible mechanism by which IL-1 augments bone resorption. In this report, we show that the murine osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1) expresses type 1 IL-1 receptors based on 125I-HrIL1 alpha binding, blocked by type 1 IL-1R antibodies (35F5), and analysis of MC3T3 RNA by reverse transcription (RT)-DNA amplification and Northern analysis. MC3T3 cells do not express detectable type 2 IL-1R mRNA by RT-DNA amplification. IL-1 induces (IL-1 ED50, 0.1 pM) IL-6 production through the type 1 IL-1R as 35F5 antibodies block IL-1-stimulated IL-6 production. Vitamin D3 increases IL-1R expression dose- and metabolite-dependently, with 1,25-(OH)2D3 having the greatest potency, and also enhances IL-1's capacity to stimulate IL-6 production at low IL-1 levels. Both IL-1 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 induce type 1 IL-1R and not type 2 IL-1R upregulation based on ligand binding and RT-DNA amplification. Increased IL-1R expression requires a 5-7-h treatment and is protein/RNA synthesis dependent. These observations imply that IL-1-induced IL-6 production in osteoblasts is mediated by type 1 IL-1Rs and that increased IL-1R expression could play a role in mediating IL-1-induced skeletal responses.