tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATION ON TWO PSYCHOTOMIMETIC DRUGS OF PIPERIDINE DERIVATION–CI 395 (SERNYL) AND CI 400
Authors: LEONARD LEVY, D. EWEN CAMERON, R. CAIRNS B. AITKEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

Based on the work of Elkes and Shore, Sernyl appears to exert its action by the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline in association with the depression of the availability of serotonin in the brain. This is consistent with Brodie's hypothesis(1) that serotonin and noradrenaline are antagonistic chemical mediators regulating the central autonomic system. The importance of kinaesthetic input in preserving the intactness of the body-image is well recognized in studies of the effects of sensory deprivation(2). Nocturnal delusions of the senium due to loss of familiarity with surroundings is also a well recognized phenomenon(3). Hence, disturbance of kinaesthetic input, whether taking place primarily within the brain, due to externally administered agents such as CI 395, or outside the brain as in sensory deprivation, leads to psychotic behaviour with features similar to schizophrenia. "Information input underload" and the disturbance of coding or integration of sensory stimuli at a higher level may be the possible cause of psychotic behaviour. The reversibility of the psychotomimetic effects produced by Sernyl with chlorpromazine, suggests a common mechanism with that seen in temporary psychotic states, such as acute paranoid or schizophrenic reactions. This would support the tentative hypothesis of Luby and associates(4) "that certain primary symptoms of schizophrenia may have their basis in a dys-synchrony or defect in proprioceptive feedback."
Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Early Rise in Mean Corpuscular Volume
Authors: Charles A. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1981)

An increase in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), while not diagnostic of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>or folate deficiency, is a valuable, readily available screening test. I discuss six instances where an increased MCV was recorded months prior to diagnosis and could, if noted, have led to an earlier diagnosis. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1144-1146)
Abstract 2306: The prognostic impact of epithelial mesenchymal transition markers in primary diffuse gastric carcinoma and their relative lymph nodes
Authors: Gabriel G. Malouf, Gorana Tomasic, Virginie Marty, David Malka, Philippe Vielh, Michel Ducreux, Valerie Boige
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The accumulating evidences for epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) are important in experiments conducted in cell culture and rodents. However, pathologists still debate the existence of EMT and its impact on cancer progression. The purpose of this present study was to investigate the distribution of EMT biomarkers in primary diffuse gastric carcinoma (DGC) and their relative lymph nodes (LN) and to correlate them with clinical outcome. Patients and methods: The study included 51 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection in our institution between January 1991 and December 2007 for DGC. A tissue-microarray was constructed using paraffin-embedded tissues from gastrectomy (n=51) and matched LN (n=37). Expression of c-MET, E-cadherin, cytokeratin and vimentin were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in primary DGC, their relative LN and non-tumoral adjacent tissues. Results: Membranous c-Met overexpression was found in 32% of primary DGC and 38% of LN. Membranous E-cadherin expression was found in 70% of both primary CDG and LN. All tumors expressed cytokeratin and there was no expression for vimentin neither in primary DGC nor in their relative LN. Although there was a high correlation in E-cadherin expression between primary DGC and their relative LN (r2 = 0.93), a poor correlation for c-MET expression (r2 = 0.02) was found. Univariate analysis for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed for the following parameters: TNM stage, c-MET and E-cadherin expression both in primary DGC and their matched LN. LN overexpression of c-MET was the only prognostic factor for better relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR= 2.82, CI95%:1.27-6.85) and overall survival (OS) (HR= 2.41, CI95%:1.05-5.52) for the entire cohort. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that c-MET overexpression did not correlate between primary DGC and their relative LN and that only LN c-MET overexpression had a prognostic impact. Conversely, there was a high correlation between E-cadherin, vimentin, and cytokeratin expression between the primary DGC and their relative LN. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2306.
Breast Carcinoma: Comparative Study of Tummor Vasculature Using Two Endothelial Cell Markers
Authors: J. M. Wang, S. Kumar, D. Pye, N. Haboubi, L. Al-Nakib
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Breast Carcinoma: Comparative Study of Tummor Vasculature Using Two Endothelial Cell Markers Get access Ji Min Wang, Ji Min Wang 1Christie HospitalManchester, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shant Kumar, Shant Kumar 1Christie HospitalManchester, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Pye, David Pye 1Christie HospitalManchester, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Najib Haboubi, Najib Haboubi 2Withington HospitalManchester, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Layla Al-Nakib Layla Al-Nakib * 2Withington HospitalManchester, England * Ji Min Wang, ph.D., Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 9BX. England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 5, 2 March 1994, Pages 386–389, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.5.386 Published: 02 March 1994 Article history Received: 03 August 1993 Revision received: 03 December 1993 Accepted: 08 December 1993 Published: 02 March 1994
Autoimmune cholangitis within the spectrum of autoimmune liver disease
Authors: Albert J. Czaja, Herschel A. Carpenter, Paula J. Santrach, Breanndan S. Moore
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Autoimmune cholangitis is an idiopathic disorder with mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic findings. Our goal was to characterize the disease prospectively by application of uniform diagnostic criteria. Twenty patients were identified and compared with 242 patients with conventional forms of autoimmune liver disease. Patients with autoimmune cholangitis were distinguished from type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) by lower serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-globulin, and immunoglobulin G; higher serum levels of alkaline phosphatase; and lower frequencies of autoantibodies. They were distinguished from primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) by higher serum levels of AST and bilirubin, lower serum concentrations of immunoglobulin M, and greater occurrence of autoantibodies. Their female predominance, lower serum alkaline phosphatase levels, higher frequency of autoantibodies, and absence of inflammatory bowel disease differentiated them from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Laboratory findings ranged widely and did not characterize individual patients. HLA risk factors were similar to those of type 1 AIH and PBC, and different from those of PSC. Treatment responses to corticosteroids or ursodeoxycholic acid were poor. Composite histological patterns resembled mainly PBC or PSC. We conclude that autoimmune cholangitis diagnosed by prospective analysis cannot be assimilated into a single, conventional, diagnostic category. It may represent variant forms of diverse conditions, a transition stage, or a separate entity with varying manifestations.
Bronchiolitis and asthma in infancy and early childhood.
Authors: S Godfrey
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Background.Many young children wheeze during respiratory infections, but the pathogenesis of these episodes and their relation to the development of asthma later in life are not well understood.Methods.In a prospective study, we investigated the factors affecting wheezing before the age of three years and their relation to wheezing at six years of age.Of 1246 newborns in the Tucson, Arizona area enrolled between May 1980 and October 1984, follow-up data at both three and six years of age was available for 826.For these children, assessments in infancy included measurement of cord-serum IgE levels (measured in 750 children), pulmonary-function testing before any lower respiratory illness had occurred (125), measurement of serum IgE levels at nine months of age (672), and questionnaires completed by the children's parents when the children were one year old (800).Assessments at six years of age included measurement of serum IgE levels (in 460), pulmonary-function testing (526), and skin allergy testing (629).Results.At the age of six years, 425 children (51 5 percent) had never wheezed, 164 (19.9 percent) had had at least one lower respiratory illness with wheezing during the first three years of life but had no wheezing at six years of age, 124 (15 0 percent) had no wheezing before the age of three years but had wheezing at the age of six years, and 113 (13 7 percent) had wheezing both on July 18, 2023 by guest.
Extensive Bilateral Lower Leg Calcification in an Elderly Man
Authors: Simon Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>History</h3> An 83-year-old man who had recently immigrated to Israel from Russia was admitted to the hospital with skin ulceration of the left leg, which had failed to heal. This ulceration had been present for six months and had resulted from minor trauma to the area. Examination showed severe swelling and induration of both legs below the knees and a deep ulcer overlying the anterior aspect of the left tibia. The patient further revealed that both legs had been swollen since the age of 20 years, and for this reason he had not been conscripted into the Czarist Army in 1914. Anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms of both legs are shown in Fig 1 and 2. Findings from laboratory investigations, including relevant metabolic studies, were essentially normal. Roentgenographic survey of the remainder of the body showed no abnormality. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Soft tissue calcification following kerosene injection. <h3>Comment</h3> On further interrogation the patient
Unawareness of hypoglycaemia and human insulin.
Authors: J. E. Gerich
Journal: BMJ (1992)

what can be achieved and the high standards of practice that can result.The responsibility to ensure the protection of the public must be recognised; a small core of the most difficult and dangerous patients may perhaps need to be kept in a unit providing a national resource.But recognising that respon- sibility will provide further challenges to ensure a new and positive approach.A commitment to such a fundamental and innovative change in policy will support the many dedicated professionals who work in the special hospitals and free them from the shackles that constrain progress.An urgent and independent review of the services for psychiatrically ill patients requiring high security is needed now, and this would appropriately interlink with the work of the review ofhealth and social services for mentally disordered offenders, which is nearing completion.
IgG rheumatoid factors and staphylococcal protein A bind to a common molecular site on IgG.
Authors: F A Nardella, D C Teller, C V Barber, M Mannik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

The antigenic determinant on the Fc region of human IgG for two IgG rheumatoid factors (IgG-RF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated in detail. The RF did not interact with IgG fragments that contained the C gamma 2 or C gamma 3 region alone, but required the presence of both regions for binding. The RF binding to solid-phase IgG were poorly inhibited by the IgG3 subclass and strongly inhibited by staphylococcal protein A (SPA) (42 kD), and fragment D of SPA (7 kD), indicating that the binding site is most likely the same as the Ga antigenic determinant described for IgM-RF, and is in the same location as the site on IgG that binds SPA. pH titration studies of the RF binding to IgG indicated the involvement of histidine and lysine or tyrosine side chains. Chemical modification studies showed the histidines were involved on the Fc side of the interactions, and tyrosines were involved on both the antigenic and antibody sides of the interactions. Lysines were not involved. The above information, and the knowledge of the number and position in space of the amino acid residues involved in the C gamma 2-C gamma 3 interface region of IgG, the binding site for SPA, and the amino acid substitutions in IgG3 that account for its inability to bind protein A, allowed the identification of the site on IgG that bind IgG-RF. This binding site involves some of the same amino acid side chains, His 435, Tyr 436, and one or both His 433 and 310, and is in the same location as the site that binds SPA. The same site is likely to be a common antigenic determinant for other RF. Furthermore, the described molecular mimicry suggests a biological relationship between bacterial Fc-binding proteins and the production of RF in rheumatoid arthritis.
A Prospective Analysis of Hospital-Acquired Fever in Obstetric and Gynecologic Patients
Authors: Joseph J. Klimek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Of 2,725 obstetric and 4,090 gynecologic patients admitted to a community hospital during a 12-month period, 131 obstetric patients (4.8%) and 294 gynecologic patients (7.2%) had temperature elevations (rectal) of 38.3 degrees C or higher. All patients with fever were seen and followed up until discharge, and 80 different parameters were recorded for each patient, including sex, age, underlying illness, operative or diagnostic procedures, height and duration of fever, laboratory data, medications received, and ultimate cause of fever. Sixty-three obstetric patients (48%) with temperature elevations were found to have infections and fever, with skin and soft-tissue infections (59%), urinary tract infections (16%), and bacteremias (10%) being most common. Sixty-eight febrile obstetric patients (52%) were not found to have an infection. Eighty-six gynecologic patients (29%) with fever had an infection. Pelvic inflammatory disease (37%), urinary tract infection (18%), and abscess (14%) were the most common infections. Two hundred eight gynecologic patients (71%) had fever, but the exact cause of the fever in these patients remains obscure. While fever can be an early indicator of infection, it may be due to noninfectious causes in almost two thirds of hospitalized obstetric-gynecologic patients.
Hemodynamic effects of glipressin and high somatostatin dose during acute variceal bleeding
Authors: M. Planella, C. Aracil, J.M. Lopez-Balaguer, M. Piqueras, D. Monfort, E. Fort, B. Gonzalez, J. Minana, C. Villanuea, J. Balanzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
The Influence of Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in Response to Double-Stranded RNA Instillation
Authors: Y. Shiraishi, K. Asano, K. Niimi, M. Wakaki, J. Kagyo, T. Takihara, K. Sayama, T. Nakajima, T. Oguma, Y. Suzuki, T. Shiomi, E. Ikeda, A. Ishizaka
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Cardiac failure. Treatment
Authors: M. Maggiorini, B. J. Meyer, P. C. Baumann, H. R. Ha, F. Follath, P. Evrard, A. Dive, M. Gonzalez, E. Installé, Carme Batet, Mauricio Pacheco, M. A. Nalda, D. Crippen, S. Ermakov, R. Rajagopalan, G. Voga, I. Žuran, B. Krivec, F. Škrabl-Močnik, R. Skale, M. Hochleitner, H. Hörtnagl, F. Gschnitzer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS INDEX PREDICTS RENAL OUTCOMES IN HIGH VASCULAR RISK MEN: A 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, C. Thomopoulos, P. Kokkinos, C. Faselis, M. Doumas, D. Papadopoulos, N. Kukar, R. Amdur, V. Papademetriou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Korean patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 6
Authors: Mun Hyuk Seong, Ho Kil, Jong Yeop Kim, Sang Soo Lee, Eun Sun Jang, Jin-Wook Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Young Seok Kim, Si Hyun Bae, Youn Jae Lee, Han Chu Lee, Haesun Yun, Byung Hak Kang, Kisang Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

The distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes varies geographically. In Korea, genotypes 1 and 2 comprise more than 90% of HCV infections, while genotype 6 is very rare. This study compared the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with genotype 6 HCV infection with those infected with HCV genotypes 1 and 2.This was a prospective, multicenter HCV cohort study that enrolled 1,173 adult patients, of which 930 underwent HCV genotype analysis, and only 9 (1.0%) were found to be infected with genotype 6 HCV. The clinical and epidemiological parameters of the genotypes were compared.The patients with genotype 6 HCV had a mean age of 41.5 years, 77.8% were male, and they had no distinct laboratory features. A sustained virologic response (SVR) was observed in four (67%) of six patients who received antiviral therapy. Risk factors such as the presence of a tattoo (n=6, 66.7%), more than three sexual partners (n=3, 33.3%), and injection drug use (n=3, 33.3%) were more common among genotype 6 patients than among genotypes 1 or 2.The epidemiology and treatment response of patients infected with genotype 6 HCV differed significantly from those with genotypes 1 or 2, warranting continuous monitoring.
Radiocolloid Studies of the Regression of Intrasplenic Lesions
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, MOZAFAREDDIN K. KARIMEDDINI, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, SHIV M. GUPTA, RONALD J. ROSENBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Five cases are presented in which intrasplenic defects, noted on Tc-99m sulfur colloid imaging, had at least partially regressed on follow-up studies. One, representing splenic trauma, reinforced the concept of the ability of the spleen to "heal" itself. A second case involved splenic invasion by direct extension of a soft tissue sarcoma. Improvement was noted after the patient was treated with chemotherapy. Three cases were related to splenic manifestations of lymphoma. Of these three patients (one each with lymphocytic, histiocytic, and mixed diffuse histiocytic lymphoma plus nodular), two showed improvement after treatment with chemotherapy alone and the third after combined chemotherapy and external radiation treatment. Return of splenic reticuloendothelial function to previously involved regions within the spleen occurred for all five patients. Comments were made as to the apparent rate of return of function.
Argon plasma coagulation ablation versus endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus: late outcomes from two randomized trials
Authors: Corina Sie, Tim Bright, Mark Schoeman, Philip Game, William Tam, Peter Devitt, David Watson
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> Argon plasma coagulation (APC) has been used to ablate dysplastic and nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus. We determined the longer-term efficacy of APC ablation within two randomized controlled trials of APC versus surveillance for Barrett's esophagus in patients in whom gastroesophageal reflux was controlled by either surgery or proton pump inhibitors. <b>Patients and methods:</b> 129 patients (surgical trial 70, medical trial 59) with Barrett's esophagus (nondysplastic or low grade dysplasia) were randomly allocated to either ablation using APC or to continuing endoscopy surveillance. Outcomes were determined at three time points: short-term (12 months), mid-term (42 – 75 months) and long-term (> 84 months). <b>Results:</b> In the APC groups, initial ablation of > 95 % of the Barrett's esophagus was achieved in 61 of 63 patients; the > 95 % ablation persisted in 47 of 56 patients at short-term follow-up, in 33 of 49 at mid-term and in 21 of 32 at long-term follow-up. In the surveillance groups, the length of Barrett's esophagus reduced from a mean of 4.2 cm to 2.7 cm at long-term follow-up. High grade dysplasia (HGD) developed in 1 patient in the APC groups and in 3 in the surveillance groups. Low grade dysplasia developed in 1 APC patient and in 6 surveillance patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> APC ablation reduced the extent of Barrett's esophagus, and this reduction was maintained in some patients at longer-term follow-up. However, progression to HGD can still occur despite APC ablation, suggesting endoscopic surveillance is still required. Clinical trial registration: ACTRN012607000293460 and ACTRN12607000292471 (Australian Clinical Trials Registry).
Immunoglobulin-free light chains elicit immediate hypersensitivity-like responses
Authors: Frank A. Redegeld, Maurice W. van der Heijden, Mirjam Kool, Bianca M. Heijdra, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Henk Van Loveren, Paul Roholl, Takashi Saito, J. Sjef Verbeek, Jill Claassens, Andries S. Koster, Frans P. Nijkamp
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
One-step RNA polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis C virus RNA
Authors: Ke-Qin Hu, Chang-Hong Yu, John M. Vierling
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Although detection of hepatitis C virus RNA with polymerase chain reaction has become the standard for diagnosis, extensive application has been thwarted by polymerase chain reaction's labor intensiveness, risk of false-positive results through contamination and time required for individual assays. To minimize these limitations, we developed and validated a one-step hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase chain reaction assay. The one-step method was compared with traditional hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase chain reaction using primers from the highly conserved 5' untranslated region of the hepatitis C virus genome. Variables studied in the one-step method included the source and quantity of reverse transcriptase (RTase), the concentration of MgCl2 and the duration of reverse transcription and complementary DNA amplification cycles. Optimal conditions for the one-step method were obtained with 25 U of reverse transcriptase and 2 mmol/L MgCl2. The one-step method substantially reduced the time required for analysis. The sensitivity of the one-step method was comparable to that of traditional hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase chain reaction using serially diluted RNA extracted from the serum of a hepatitis C virus-infected patient. The specificity of the one-step method was confirmed on Southern-blot hybridization. The results exhibited 100% concordance with results of traditional hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase chain reaction in 50 serum samples, including those of positive and negative controls. In addition, 100% concordance was observed between the two methods' results when sera containing low levels of hepatitis C virus RNA were used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measles, mumps, and rubella: the need for a change in immunisation policy.
Authors: D Walker, H Carter, I G Jones
Journal: BMJ (1986)

There is growing evidence that the present policy of childhood immunisation in the United Kingdom is inadequate. It is unlikely ever to achieve complete eradication of the congenital rubella syndrome and measles, and the problem of mumps has not even begun to be addressed. After a coordinated campaign to increase uptake of immunisation in Fife the uptake of rubella immunisation in teenage girls increased from 75% in 1981 to 94% in 1985 and the uptake of measles vaccination in preschool children from 55% in 1981 to 81% in 1985. There are a few girls each year who do not accept rubella immunisation, whose immune state is unknown, and who are consequently at risk of rubella during future pregnancies. Despite the increased uptake of measles vaccine over the past four years there is currently an epidemic of measles in Fife, with 544 notified cases in the first quarter of 1986. In 1984, 19 Fife residents were admitted to hospital because of complications of mumps. The time is ripe for a complete reassessment of the national immunisation policy.