tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostate Specific Antigen Expression Is Down-Regulated by Selenium through Disruption of Androgen Receptor Signaling
Authors: Yan Dong, Soo Ok Lee, Haitao Zhang, James Marshall, Allen C. Gao, Clement Ip
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

A previous controlled intervention trial showed that selenium supplementation was effective in reducing the incidence of prostate cancer. Physiological concentrations of selenium have also been reported to inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro. The present study describes the observation that selenium was able to significantly down-regulate the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) transcript and protein within hours in the androgen-responsive LNCaP cells. Decreases in androgen receptor (AR) transcript and protein followed a similar dose and time response pattern upon exposure to selenium. The reduction of AR and PSA expression by selenium occurred well before any significant change in cell number. With the use of a luciferase reporter construct linked to either the PSA promoter or the androgen responsive element, it was found that selenium inhibited the trans-activating activity of AR in cells transfected with the wild-type AR expression vector. Selenium also suppressed the binding of AR to the androgen responsive element site, as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay of the AR-androgen responsive element complex. In view of the fact that PSA is a well-accepted prognostic indicator of prostate cancer, an important implication of this study is that a selenium intervention strategy aimed at toning down the amplitude of androgen signaling could be helpful in controlling morbidity of this disease.
US sees first legal case of physician assisted suicide
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An 85 year old woman with metastatic breast cancer from Oregon has become the first known person legally to commit physician assisted suicide in the United States.

The death was announced by the advocacy group Compassion in Dying. The woman, who was not named, was prescribed a lethal dose of barbiturates, which she took with brandy. She died at home 30 minutes after drinking the mixture.

Oregon is the only state in which doctor assisted suicide is legal, although over 20 states have had ballots on the issue. The Death with Dignity Act, also known as Measure 16, was originally passed by a narrow margin in 1994. It was challenged …
EFFECTS OF PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY ON PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: RICHARD L. JENKINS, JAMES Q. HOLSOPPLE, MAURICE LORR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

Our experience that patients with severe schizophrenic symptoms tend to improve whether lobotomized or not confirms the need for control cases in studies of the effects of lobotomy. In series rigorously matched regarding the general and specific severity of symptoms, we find that the lobotomized patients show symptomatic improvement with a frequency reliably greater than that of the controls. They appear more nearly normal. Anxiety is diminished. Resistive isolation and schizophrenic disorganization appear diminished and paranoid projection is diminished. The hypothesis is presented that the splitting of the schizophrenic process is the result of a conflict, unresolvable to the patient, reflected, on the psychological side, by anxious preoccupation and, on the neurological side, by an unresolving morbid resonance or eddy of neural activity between cortex and diencephalon, which jams the higher circuits and leaves the control of behavior to lower centers capable only of stereotyped inflexible and defensive adjustments. Prefrontal lobotomy is presumed to benefit the schizophrenic patient by destroying circuits involved in the maintenance of this morbid eddy or resonance and permitting him more effectively to integrate and use what he has left.
86 INDIVIDUAL HIERARCHIES OF CO-STIMULATORY RECEPTORS ON HCV-SPECIFIC CD8+ T-CELLS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: V. Schlaphoff, J. Jaroszewicz, P.V. Suneetha, J. Grabowski, K.A. Stegmann, R. Bakshi, M.P. Manns, M. Cornberg, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A General Index for Medical Journals.
Authors: Harold N. Moyer
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A physician more remarkable for commercial instincts than for scientific attainment, once spoke contemptuously of the library of the late Prof. Jewell, saying that it contained "nothing but a lot of old medical journals." We think he but voiced a sentiment, all too common in the profession, but one we are sure that will meet with little sympathy from the original workers and writers in medicine. To these the files of the standard journals are about the most valuable books to be found in a medical library. In medical societies it is generally possible to pick out the man who subsists largely upon text-book pabulum, and it will be generally observed that he is not the most interesting contributer to the proceedings. The industrious student knows that he has not exhausted a subject until he has gone through the files of the great journals. We hold it
Management of the Obese Patient
Authors: Charlotte M. Young
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Not all obese persons should undertake weight reduction. Only those for whom there is some likelihood of success and in whom undesirable sequelae are unlikely should be encouraged to reduce. A reasonably well-adjusted individual, with a meaningful reason for losing weight and good environmental circumstances, can succeed if the therapist is willing and able to give unjudging, unchastising, nonthreatening, sympathetic support with sound dietary advice in frequent contacts over a period of time. The roots of the obesity problem are psychological, sociological, cultural, economic, and physiological. Prevention is the only real answer.
Ultrasonography of Acute Abdominal Pain in Children
Authors: Marilyn J. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

--To determine the ability of ultrasonography to detect appendicitis and to identify other conditions responsible for symptoms in children with acute abdominal pain.--Cohort study. The accuracy of ultrasonographic results was assessed in relation to final diagnoses established by surgery or by composite clinical data and follow-up.--Metropolitan, pediatric hospital; ambulatory and hospitalized patients.--Consecutive sample of 178 pediatric patients who were referred for ultrasonography because of suspected acute appendicitis, but in whom the diagnosis could not be definitively established by clinical criteria.--Appendicitis was proven at surgery in 38 patients. Ultrasonography demonstrated the findings of appendicitis (noncompressible appendix with or without concomitant periappendiceal fluid collection or appendicolith) in 31 (82%) of these patients. Among the 140 children without appendicitis, other specific diagnoses were established by clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings in 58 patients (including gynecologic diseases in 25, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities in 17, renal diseases in six, and extra-abdominal disease in 10). Ultrasonography aided in the diagnosis of other conditions in 34 (59%) of these 58 patients. No definitive clinical diagnosis was established in the remaining 82 patients. There were no false-positive results of ultrasonography.--Approximately half of children referred for suspected appendicitis will have a final diagnosis of abdominal pain of unknown origin. In the remainder, ultrasonography is useful, both to establish the diagnosis of appendicitis and to aid in diagnosing other causes of acute abdominal pain.
Chemical analysis of an enterolith.
Authors: P Fantl, A J Rollo, H Strosberg
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS A woman suffering from cholelithiasis was operated on and from a diverticu- lum situated at the second part of the duodenum an enterolith was removed.It consisted mainly of deoxycholic and cholic acid in the ratio of approximately 3: 1.CLINICAL RECORD
Aberrant marker expression patterns on the CD34+CD38− stem cell compartment in acute myeloid leukemia allows to distinguish the malignant from the normal stem cell compartment both at diagnosis and in remission
Authors: A van Rhenen, B Moshaver, A Kelder, N Feller, A W M Nieuwint, S Zweegman, G J Ossenkoppele, G J Schuurhuis
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
992 GENETIC VARIANTS IN MYELOPEROXIDASE AND CATALASE PROMOTERS CONFER SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA OCCURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH HCV-RELATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: P. Nation, A. Sutton, P. Rufat, N. Charnaux, A. Mansouri, N. Ganne-Carrié, J.-C. Trinchet, D. Pessayre, M. Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Two components of transient outward current in canine ventricular myocytes.
Authors: G N Tseng, B F Hoffman
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Repolarization during phase 1 of cardiac action potential is important in that it may influence both impulse conduction in partially depolarized tissue and action potential duration. Thus, it is important to know the properties and regulation of the underlying currents. In about 50% of canine ventricular myocytes, the actin potential displays a phase 1 of fast repolarization and a prominent notch between phase 1 and the plateau. A transient outward current is responsible for both. This current is composed of two components: one (Ito1) blocked by 4-aminopyridine and the other (Ito2) blocked by manganese. In the present study, we characterized each of the components in isolation from the other. Both had an activation threshold between -30 and -20 mV. At the same voltage, Ito1 was larger than Ito2 and had a shorter time to peak. The peak current-voltage relationship for Ito1 was almost linear, but that for Ito2 was bell-shaped. Ito1 decayed during sustained depolarization with a single exponential time course: tau less than 30 msec at all voltages. It recovered from inactivation with a voltage-dependent time course: tau = 70 msec at -90 mV and 720 msec at -40 mV. Ito2 was augmented by elevating [Ca2+]o or by isoproterenol. It was inhibited by caffeine, ryanodine, or a preceding transient inward current, suggesting that it was activated by intracellular calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum. We conclude that Ito1 and Ito2 in canine ventricle are similar to those described for many other cardiac tissues, but the kinetics of Ito1 are significantly faster than in other tissues.
Specific selection of antigen-reactive lymphocytes into antigenically stimulated lymph nodes in sheep.
Authors: J Hopkins, I McConnell, P J Lachmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Sheep were primed to a variety of antigens and the efferent lymphatic from a popliteal lymph node was cannulated. The cannulated node was challenged repeatedly with PPD and all the lymph and cells removed from the animal. During this time the PBL were monitored for reactivity to all antigens (purified protein derivative of tuberculin [PPD], johnin, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH]) by the vitro transformation assay. The response of these cells to PPD was found to be gradually eliminated after repeated challenge of the cannulated node with that antigen. The response to the other antigens was unimpaired. No depletion of this response to PPD occurred in cannulated sheep when the antigen was given into a noncannulated node. In vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test and helper T cell assays confirmed that there is a specific selection of antigen-reactive cells from the recirculating lymphocyte pool into antigen-stimulated lymph nodes.
Vibrio cholerae O1 vibriocidal and anti-cholera toxin antibodies in O139 Bengal cholera patients
Authors: Tae Taleda, T. Ramamurthy, None Arati Saha Chowdhury, D. Duta, S.K. Bhattacharya, B.C. Deb, G. Balakrish Nair, Yoshifumi Takeda
Journal: Journal of Infection (1994)
A Simple and Effective Method of Treatment in Purulent Conjunctivitis of Infants.
Authors: J. L. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Indianapolis, Ind., March 25,1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Twenty-five years of eye-practice, private, and in hospital, has given me abundant opportunity to test the relative merits of the different methods of treatment in suppurative conjunctivitis of infants. Until about one year ago it was my belief that nitrate of silver, when properly applied, was the most reliable of all medicines in this dangerous disease. In my hands, as well as in those of my professional brethren with whom I am intimately acquainted, it has never failed to cure, if begun before ulceration of the cornea has taken place. To<i>properly apply it</i>does not mean to drop it into the eye, one or more times daily, as it would by such a method he too irritating, if used of sufficient strength to control the suppurative process. It must be applied with a camel's hair pencil to the thoroughly everted palpebral and
Clinical Evaluation of a Newly Designed Compliant Side Port Catheter for an Insulin Implantable Pump: The EVADIAC experience
Authors: Henri Gin, Vincent Melki, Bruno Guerci, Bogdan Catargi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Programmable implantable insulin pumps have proven to be safe and effective for achieving good metabolic control (1) and decreasing the rate of severe hypoglycemia (2). In 1994, a change in the production of insulin resulted in insulin precipitation and recurrent events of underdelivery in the MIP 2001 models (Minimed, Sylmar, CA). A new insulin variant with improved stability in delivery systems was produced in 1997 by Hoechst Marion Roussel and evaluated by the Evaluation dans le Diabete du Traitement par Implants Actifs (EVADIAC) Study Group (3). Yet, persistent underdelivery was still observed and could not be resolved by flushing procedures through the side port catheter. Difficulties in adjusting insulin dosage remained problematic. This underdelivery was explained by the fact that the forward stroke of the piston pump occurred in 2 ms with a volume of 0.5 μl, and the catheter lumen was only 0.2 mm in diameter. Thus, its compliance was too low …
A genetic approach to understanding inner ear function
Authors: James F. Battey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Within the temporal bone lies the inner ear, home to both the snail-shaped cochlea, critical for auditory function, and the vestibule, providing critical sensory input for balance. Both organs house sensory hair cells, cellular transducers of either sound waves (auditory) or linear or angular acceleration (vestibular) into electrical impulses. These unique cells have at their apices a bundle of microvilli containing parallel actin filaments referred to as stereocilia, whose deflection by as little as a nanometer results in the opening of mechanicallygated ion channels.
Light sensitivity versus mycosis fungoides
Authors: D. Slater, N. Rooney
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Light sensitivity versus mycosis fungoides Get access D. Slater, D. Slater Pathology Department, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Rooney N. Rooney Pathology Department, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 5, 1 May 1986, Pages 642–643, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04082.x Published: 01 May 1986
Sigmoidoscopic and microscopic appearance of the rectal mucosa in homosexual men.
Authors: A McMillan, F D Lee
Journal: Gut (1981)

The aims of the study were to determine what microscopic changes occur in the rectal mucosa of men who have had anal intercourse and to correlate the sigmoidoscopic and microscopic appearances. Histological abnormalities were found in 29 of 100 men who attended consecutively a sexually-transmitted diseases clinic. The histopathology of rectal gonorrhoea, as observed in 18 patients, is described as are the microscopic findings in the rectal mucosa of 10 patients with early syphilis. Of 70 men without any detectable rectal infection, biopsies from 15 (21.4%) were abnormal. Intestinal spirochaetosis was observed in biopsies from 36 of these 100 men. With the use of strict criteria to describe the macroscopic appearance of the rectal mucosa, the sigmoidoscopic findings correlated well with the histology.
Canonical Wnt signaling in megakaryocytes regulates proplatelet formation
Authors: Iain C. Macaulay, Jonathan N. Thon, Marloes R. Tijssen, Brian M. Steele, Bryan T. MacDonald, Gerardene Meade, Philippa Burns, Augusto Rendon, Vishal Salunkhe, Ronan P. Murphy, Cavan Bennett, Nicholas A. Watkins, Xi He, Desmond J. Fitzgerald, Joseph E. Italiano, Patricia B. Maguire
Journal: Blood (2012)
Methodology in Psychosomatic Research
Authors: F. Antonelli, L. Ancona
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

A psychosomatic process affects the individual in every aspect of his existence: social, psychic and biological. It is, therefore, extremely difficult to outline with strict precision a methodological technique that may be appropriate to psychosomatic research. We have considered it appropriate to differentiate methods according to the possible directions the research may follow: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy of psychosomatic disorders.
The methyltransferase Setdb2 mediates virus-induced susceptibility to bacterial superinfection
Authors: Christopher Schliehe, Elizabeth K Flynn, Bojan Vilagos, Udochuku Richson, Savitha Swaminathan, Berislav Bosnjak, Lisa Bauer, Richard K Kandasamy, Isabel M Griesshammer, Lindsay Kosack, Frank Schmitz, Vladimir Litvak, James Sissons, Alexander Lercher, Anannya Bhattacharya, Kseniya Khamina, Anna L Trivett, Lino Tessarollo, Ildiko Mesteri, Anastasiya Hladik, Doron Merkler, Stefan Kubicek, Sylvia Knapp, Michelle M Epstein, David E Symer, Alan Aderem, Andreas Bergthaler
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Cystic Brain Metastasis in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With <i>ALK</i> Rearrangement
Authors: Hidetoshi Hayashi, Isamu Okamoto, Junko Tanizaki, Kaoru Tanaka, Takeshi Okuda, Amami Kato, Yasumasa Nishimura, Kazuhiko Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)
Hypertension and the Problem of Vascular Homeostasis
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, A. C. CORCORAN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

FIFTY YEARS ago hypertension was not a clinical problem.When it was thought of at all, it seemed to be a providential compensation for diffuse structural narrowing and rigidity of small vessels due to "arterio- capillary fibrosis."The incidence and mag- nitude of the problem began to be appreciated only some thirty years ago when it was gen- erally recognized that hypertension could be discovered in people whose small vessels and circulation generally were structurally intact.Essential hypertension was defined as a clinical entity.By definition, it had no cause, or was "constitutional," so that none but the very enthusiastic or faintly dishonest discussed the possibility of either understanding or curing it.Research was sporadic and speculative.Animal experiments dealt only with acute changes in arterial pressure.Clinical hypertensive disease had no experimental analogue.This discouraging state changed some twenty years ago when two forms of experimental hypertension were established in animals.The one was neurogenic and resulted from section of the sino-aortic depressor nerves.The other was renal and was elicited by partial compres- sion of the renal artery, or, more recently, by perinephritis." 2 Hypertensive disease has also been produced in rats by administration of desoxycorticosterone and sodium salts, of crude pituitary powder and of growth hormone.3The development of means of sustaining life after nephrectomy has resulted in convincing demon-
Relapses in Wegener's granulomatosis: the role of infection.
Authors: A J Pinching, A J Rees, B A Pussell, C M Lockwood, R S Mitchison, D K Peters
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Out of 20 relapses that occurred in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, nine were provoked by bacterial or viral infection. Seven of these occurred during maintenance treatment in response to infection with common pathogens, and treatment of the infection alone was insufficient to produce remission. Circulating immune complexes were seen only in relapses due to infection and rarely in infections that occurred without relapse. A possible mechanism for infection-provoked relapses is that infection-derived complexes reactivate disease; alternatively, the acute-phase or cellular response to infection may enhance quiescent disease. Infection may exacerbate Wegener's granulomatosis and other autoallergic diseases, but whether it does so by a common mechanism is not known and further study is required.
Interphalangeal Osteoarthritis
Authors: Darrell C. Crain
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A form of osteoarthritis localized in the interphalangeal articulations of the fingers and characterized by acute inflammatory episodes with eventual ankylosis of some joints is described. Clinical features of the condition, as summarized from the author's 23 cases, indicate that it occurs predominantly in middle-aged women, tends to be hereditary, and is frequently accompanied by osteoarthritic changes in the cervical vertebrae. The acute episodes often suggest rheumatoid arthritis, but the disease does not affect other peripheral articulations, and the serologic test for rheumatoid factor is negative. Treatment is unsatisfactory, although symptomatic relief is obtained from intra-articular hydrocortisone injections.
Safety and efficacy of uric acid in patients with acute stroke (URICO-ICTUS): a randomised, double-blind phase 2b/3 trial
Authors: Ángel Chamorro, Sergio Amaro, Mar Castellanos, Tomás Segura, Juan Arenillas, Joan Martí-Fábregas, Jaime Gállego, Jurek Krupinski, Meritxell Gomis, David Cánovas, Xavier Carné, Ramón Deulofeu, Luis San Román, Laura Oleaga, Ferran Torres, Anna M Planas
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2014)
The benefits of gout
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In the 18th century, people of the middling sort would spend their evenings reading magazines of miscellaneous content by candlelight. One such was The New Universal Magazine, or Gentleman and Lady’s Polite Instructor In every Subject that is Proper to display Nature; to promote Virtue; to help agreeable Conversations; and to form the Judgment in the several Stages, Degrees, Offices and Stations of Life, the whole intended to restore the declining State of magazines by a Constant Supply of true Knowledge and Pleasure .

Volume 3, of 1753, contains a fair bit of medical information, for example how to prepare snuff for swimmings of the head and how the Chinese prepare a …
Role of hyperbilirubinemia in the impairment of osteoblast proliferation associated with cholestatic jaundice.
Authors: C H Janes, E R Dickson, R Okazaki, S Bonde, A F McDonagh, B L Riggs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Because the osteoporosis occurring in chronic cholestatic liver disease (CCLD) is associated with decreased bone formation and is reversible by liver transplantation, substances retained in plasma during cholestasis may impair osteoblast function. This hypothesis was tested using a new bioassay that measures plasma mitogenic activity (PMA) for normal human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells. In 29 jaundiced patients, mean PMA was 56.4% (P < 0.001) of that in 29 age- and sex-matched normal subjects, and the decrease in PMA was similar in the 14 with CCLD and the 15 with other causes of jaundice. Bile acids and bilirubin are the two major groups of products retained during cholestasis. The common conjugated bile acids and bilirubin were added to normal human plasma in concentrations simulating those found in patients with CCLD. Various bile salts had no effect on PMA whereas unconjugated bilirubin decreased PMA in a dose-dependent fashion (r = -0.98, P < 0.0001) without affecting cell viability. Relatively selective removal of bilirubin from the plasma by photobleaching normalized the decreased PMA in five jaundiced patients but produced no apparent change in five normal subjects. These data support the hypothesis that hyperbilirubinemia or possibly other photolabile substances impair osteoblast proliferative capacity and thus may play a major role in the pathogenesis of the osteoporosis associated with CCLD.