tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in high risk patients: community based epidemiological study
Authors: R C Davis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To determine the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and of heart failure due to different causes, in patients with risk factors for these conditions.Epidemiological study, including detailed clinical assessment, electrocardiography, and echocardiography.16 English general practices, representative for socioeconomic status and practice type.1062 patients (66% response rate) with previous myocardial infarction, angina, hypertension, or diabetes.Prevalence of systolic dysfunction, both with and without symptoms, and of heart failure, in groups of patients with each of the risk factors.Definite systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <40%) was found in 54/244 (22.1%, 95% confidence interval 17.1% to 27.9%) patients with previous myocardial infarction, 26/321 (8.1%, 5.4% to 11.6%) with angina, 7/388 (1.8%, 0.7% to 3.7%) with hypertension, and 12/208 (5.8%, 3.0% to 9.9%) with diabetes. In each group, approximately half of these patients had symptoms of dyspnoea, and therefore had heart failure. Overall rates of heart failure, defined as symptoms of dyspnoea plus objective evidence of cardiac dysfunction (systolic dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, or clinically significant valve disease) were 16.0% (11.6% to 21.2%) in patients with previous myocardial infarction, 8.4% (5.6% to 12.0%) in those with angina, 2.8% (1.4% to 5.0%) in those with hypertension, and 7.7% (4.5% to 12.2%) in those with diabetes.Many people with ischaemic heart disease or diabetes have systolic dysfunction or heart failure. The data support the need for trials of targeted echocardiographic screening, in view of the major benefits of modern treatment. In contrast, patients with uncomplicated hypertension have similar rates to the general population.
VORTEX IMAGING IN THE LEFT ATRIUM GENERATED BY PULMONARY VENOUS INFLOW USING PHASE-RESOLVED 3D CINE PHASE CONTRAST MRI (4D-FLOW)
Authors: Kenichiro Suwa, Takeji Saito, Makoto Sano, Mamoru Nobuhara, Masao Saotome, Tsuyoshi Urushida, Hideki Katoh, Hiroshi Satoh, Yasuo Takehara, Marcus Alley, Harumi Sakahara, Hideharu Hayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract C42: Survival signals differentially turn on during TRAIL or curcumin/TRAIL treatment
Authors: Seeun Oh, Joo-Hang Kim, Jae J. Song, Jina Kim, Hyo R. Yoon, Sujin Kang, Wungki Park, Kijae Hong, So Y. Kim, Hye J. Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Previously, we have shown that p38-HSP27 acted as modulators from survival to death depending on the apoptotic strength in prostate cancer cells. For example, if the apoptotic strength is in the moderate range, p38-HSP27 acted to increase Akt catalytic activity, whereas if in the stronger range, p38-HSP27 acted to decrease Akt catalytic activity as well as Akt dephosphorylation. Moreover, another survival signal, Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase was revealed to be highly phosphorylated (activated) during curcumin/TRAIL treatment, which leads to the conclusion of occurrence of more complex regulatory crosstalk between Akt and Src for the strict control of cell homeostasis. As a consequence, Akt dephosphorylation was regulated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), whose activity was subsequently controlled by dissociation from HSP27 (increase) and Src phosphorylation (deccrease). Src phosphorylation during curcumin/TRAIL was also positively regulated by TRAF6, whereas it was negatively regulated by HSP27. Taken together, the level of Akt dephosphorylation during curcumin/TRAIL could be decided by cumulative factors such as the levels of HSP27/TRAF6 and the activity of Src and PP1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr C42.
The lonely failing heart: a case for ECM genes
Authors: K. T. Weber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The lonely failing heart: a case for ECM genes Get access Karl T. Weber Karl T. Weber Series Editor Karl T. Weber. University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Cardiology, Room MA432 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65212, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 6, December 1995, Page 835, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00061-5 Published: 01 December 1995
Cephalothin and Cephaloridine Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: LARRY S. FISHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The efficacy of cephalothin and cephaloridine in the treatment of bacterial meningitis was evaluated from a review of 106 cases reported in the literature. Fifty-nine percent of 34 patients treated with intravenous cephalothin responded suboptimally; those receiving daily doses of 12 g or more fared significantly better (P less than 0.025). In contrast, 74% of 72 patients treated with cephaloridine responded favorably; those who received concomitant intrathecal cephaloridine responded significantly better (P less than 0.005). These findings indicate that cephalosporin therapy for bacterial meningitis, without concomitant intrathecal medication, is unreliable and that this is probably due to inadequate penetration of the antibiotics into cerebrospinal fluid. In penicillin-allergic patients with pneumococcal, meningococcal, and hemophilus meningitis, chloramphenicol is the agent of choice. For staphylococcal meningitis, intravenous cephalothin at doses of 12 g/day with additional intrathecal cephaloridine at doses of 12.5 to 50 mg/day should be administered concomitantly.
Infusion Helps Prolong Pregnancy
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatrists are concerned by rise in patients subject to compulsory mental health treatment
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Growing numbers of people in England are being compulsorily detained in hospital or given compulsory treatment in the community for mental health problems, according to the latest figures from the NHS Information Centre.

Detentions for assessment under section 2 of the Mental Health Act 1983 increased 13.8% in one year, compared with maximum increases of 5% in the previous two years, the statistics show.

The biggest increase is in place of safety orders, made under police powers to detain individuals who appear to be mentally disordered and take them to a place of safety. Those where …
What everybody should know about the rat genome and its online resources
Authors: Simon N Twigger, Kim D Pruitt, Xosé M Fernández-Suárez, Donna Karolchik, Kim C Worley, Donna R Maglott, Garth Brown, George Weinstock, Richard A Gibbs, Jim Kent, Ewan Birney, Howard J Jacob
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Accidental Intra-arterial Injection of Penicillin
Authors: Nicholas G. Tsoulos
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the report on accidental intra-arterial injection of penicillin G by Schanzer et al (242:1289, 1979), the authors contend it is not possible to create a negative pressure with the tubex method of injecting penicillin. It has been my personal experience that aspiration is possible with the tubex. Attention is directed to the small V-shaped portion of the syringe where it joins the needle. After insertion of the needle into the muscle, negative pressure is applied to the plunger before injection. Approximately nine years ago, I had occasion to administer bicillin C-R to a patient. Aspiration before injection resulted in blood appearing in the syringe. I kept that tubex taped behind my desk for quite a while as testimony to the need for aspiration prior to every injection. Intra-arterial injection of penicillin G is indeed preventable by the invariable practice of aspiration before injection.
Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Leonard M. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The continuing strength of nuclear medical diagnosis lies in its ability to depict function and therefore detect physiological alterations in a manner not made available by the more morphologically oriented techniques, such as conventional radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Developments in the basic science areas of radiotracer technology and instrumentation have moved rapidly from the research laboratory to clinical facilities where they have significantly contributed to the diagnostic armamentarium in medicine and surgery. Three of the more notable areas of particularly intensive investigative efforts during the past two or three years are those of cardiac and gastrointestinal disease and emission tomography. <h3>Cardiac Evaluation</h3> Two major radionuclide approaches to the diagnosis of suspected coronary artery disease have evolved in the past several years.<sup>1,2</sup>These are the use of thallous chloride Tl 201 to evaluate myocardial perfusion<sup>3</sup>and first-pass and multigated radionuclide angiography to evaluate pumping efficiency of the heart.
Victor Almon McKusick
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Father of medical genetics

Victor McKusick was acknowledged throughout the world as a visionary medical researcher. He won prestigious medical science awards and membership to the US National Academy of Sciences. But, despite all the acclaim, he remained for more than half a century until the end of his life a teacher at heart.

“We all agree throughout the world that Victor McKusick was the leading figure in genetics in medicine,” says Giovani Romeo, president of the European Genetics Foundation, who as a young postdoctoral student at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, met McKusick 40 years ago. “But the main mission in his life was to teach.” He was very tolerant and supportive, giving students freedom to “do their own thing.” And, unlike many European professors, he was informal and easygoing. “He was very American in this regard.”

One could say that teaching was in McKusick’s genes. His father had been a high school principal before turning to dairy farming, his mother an elementary school teacher before marrying. McKusick and his twin brother were born in 1921, two …
DECREASED LEVELS OF SOLUBLE RECEPTOR FOR ADVANCED GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PRONOUNCED ARTERIAL STIFFENING, ALBUMINURIA AND ATTENUATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: K. Dimitriadis, K. Tsioufis, A. Kasiakogias, A. Miliou, M. Giakoumis, M. Poulakis, A. Kefala, C. Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Prevalence, kinetics, and therapeutic modulation of autoantibodies against Sp100 and promyelocytic leukemia protein in a large cohort of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: D Züchner, T Sternsdorf, C Szostecki, E J Heathcote, K Cauch-Dudek, H Will
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) staining nuclear dot structures predominantly occur in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients and recognize the Sp100 and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). From retrospective analysis of sera from a clinically well-defined Canadian series of 170 PBC patients included into a 24-month therapeutic trial of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), we report the prevalence of these ANA and their dynamics in the course of the disease. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), anti-Sp100 autoantibodies were shown in 35 (21%) patients. Thirty-three patients (19%) had autoantibodies against PML as determined by indirect immunostaining of cells overexpressing PML. Altogether, anti-nuclear dot autoantibodies were present in 25% of the 170 PBC patients. Their occurrence correlated with an unfavorable disease course, because these patients progressed significantly more frequently from early stages (I/II) to late stages (III/IV) within the 24-month observation period ( P &lt; .05). During the course of the disease, the autoantibody levels against the Sp100 full-length protein remained nearly constant in all 35 positive patients. However, 9 patients showed remarkable changes in Sp100 epitope recognition as revealed by ELISA and immunoblotting. When the occurrence of these changes and the treatment of the patients were compared retrospectively, it became evident that 8 of the 9 patients had received UDCA (42% of all Sp100-positive patients treated with UDCA). These findings indicate subtle changes of the Sp100 epitope recognition pattern during the natural course of the disease and its induction or acceleration by UDCA treatment. This implies that UDCA can modulate immunoglobulin (Ig) expression not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively.
Balanceshoes training for correcting dynamic knee abduction: effect of a 15-minute warm-up program on improving athletic performance in volleyball players
Authors: S Kubota, S Sugino, Y No, T Ishizuka, K Gamada
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs may be received more warmly if a program is presented with the emphasis on performance improvement. Objective To examine the effect of an original exercise program (GLAB program) using ReaLine BalanceShoes (RBS) on measures of athletic performance in young volleyball players. Design A single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Setting Three volleyball teams. Participants 57 volleyball players aged 16–22 with no current history of lower extremity injuries; 29 players (17 females, 12 males) allocated to the intervention group; 28 players (17 females, 11 males) to the control group. Interventions The intervention group used RBS, a shoe-type training device aimed for correcting dynamic knee abduction. The sole of the RBS remains horizontally balanced only if the knee-over-the-toe position is maintained. A 4-staged progressive exercise program was developed, including slow closed-chain strengthening, joint realignment (restoring screw-home movement), balancing (biofeedback), feed-forward (landing) and plyometric (jumping) components. The control group performed same exercises without wearing RBS. One session taking 15 min was executed 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Main outcome measurements Vertical jump height (VJH) and single-leg hop distance (SLHD). Results Average increase in VJH and SLHD (right and left) of the intervention group were 4.5 ± 5.3 cm, 9.0 ± 9.9 cm, and 10.2 ± 11.9 cm, respectively; corresponding values in the control group were 0.9 ± 3.7 cm, 5.7 ± 8.8 cm, 2.6 ± 12.8 cm. Between-group comparisons indicated the GLAB program resulted in greater improvements in VJH and left SLHD as compared with the control program (p=0.004, 0.02, respectively). Conclusion The GLAB program using the RBS enhanced athletic performance. A noteworthy is a VJH increase by 4.5 cm only in 4 weeks. This finding would likely be helpful in promoting injury prevention program to athlete at large.
TOXIC AND OTHER SIDE EFFECTS OF NARDIL PHENELZINE SULPHATE W-1544A
Authors: UJAMLAL C. KOTHARI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

This article being mainly about the side effects of phenelzine sulphate, its value as an anti-depressant agent is not discussed. Risk of hepatotoxic effects of this drug is worth keeping in mind as 7 out of 13 cases showed some abnormality of liver function test. Phenelzine sulphate may produce drug rash as many other drugs do. Patients, having low or fluctuating blood pressure may develop hypotensive reaction while on this drug and should be under close supervision. Sometimes it produces side effects like insomnia and restlessness which can be relieved by sedative and Meprobamate. No toxic effects on kidneys or blood were observed in our study. All the above effects are mild and reversible and may he treated by reducing or discontinuing the medication and with adjuvant therapy.
Analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in newborn sera: a screening tool for atopic disease?
Authors: E. GALLI, M. PICARDO, L. CHINI, S. PASSI, V. MOSCHESE, O. TERMINALI, F. PAONE, G. FRAIOLI, P. ROSSI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

It has been demonstrated that patients with atopic disease have anomalies of fatty acid composition, as a result of altered metabolism or abnormal incorporation of fatty acids into the tissues. In the present study, in 57 newborns 'at risk' for atopic disease, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were found to be lower in cord blood in infants who subsequently developed atopic disease than in non-atopics. In all babies, levels of arachidonic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in sera at 1 and 3 months of age were lower than those in cord blood. These changes were more marked in children who subsequently developed atopic disease, and in those who, independently of signs and/or symptoms of atopic disease, were formula-fed. A comparison between IgE and PUFA levels revealed no significant differences at any tested time interval. In conclusion, our data suggest that in children 'at risk' for atopy, PUFA levels may be predictive of atopic disease.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the C1 inhibitor gene in hereditary angioneurotic edema.
Authors: M Cicardi, T Igarashi, M S Kim, D Frangi, A Agostoni, A E Davis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) results from the deficiency of the inhibitor of the first component of human complement (C1-INH). It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Heterogeneity of this defect has been shown at the protein and mRNA level. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA was performed after digestion with six different restriction endonucleases in 24 families affected with type 1 HANE (low antigenic and functional C1-INH levels) and five with type 2 (low functional C1-INH levels and normal or elevated levels of dysmorphic C1-INH). Blots were hybridized with a C1-INH cDNA probe of 1,227 bp. With one enzyme (Pst I), two different patterns of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were detected. One was present in one kindred with type 1 HANE and the other appeared the same in one type 1 and in one type 2 family, thus indicating that each RFLP resulted from a different mutation. Analysis of a total of 34 members of these three families suggested that the polymorphisms are tightly linked to the mutation responsible for the disease. Using a 170-bp probe we showed that the three different mutations leading to these polymorphisms are located in the same region of the C1-INH gene. These data suggest that different mutations in the same region of the C1-INH gene are responsible for C1-INH deficiency in these families. Most of these mutations are probably point mutations or other "minor" defects and do not appear to be due to major deletions or rearrangements.
Low Levels of Nucleotide Diversity in Mammalian Y Chromosomes
Authors: L. Hellborg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Sex chromosomes provide a useful context for the study of the relative importance of evolutionary forces affecting genetic diversity. The human Y chromosome shows levels of nucleotide diversity 20% that of autosomes, which is significantly less than expected when differences in effective population size and sex-specific mutation rates are taken into account. To study the generality of low levels of Y chromosome variability in mammalian genomes, we investigated nucleotide diversity in intron sequences of X (1.1–3.0 kb) and Y (0.7–3.5 kb) chromosome genes of five mammals: lynx, wolf, reindeer, cattle, and field vole. For all species, nucleotide diversity was found to be lower on Y than on X, with no segregating site observed in Y-linked sequences of lynx, reindeer, and cattle. For X chromosome sequences, nucleotide diversity was in the range of 1.6 × 10−4 (lynx) to 8.0 × 10−4 (field vole). When differences in effective population size and the extent of the male mutation bias were taken into account, all five species showed evidence of reduced levels of Y chromosome variability. Reduced levels of Y chromosome variability have also been observed in Drosophila and in plants, as well as in the female-specific W chromosome of birds. Among the different factors proposed to explain low levels of genetic variability in the sex-limited chromosome (Y/W), we note that selection is the only factor that is broadly applicable irrespective of mode of reproduction and whether there is male or female heterogamety.
Science of Fractures. Modern Trends in Orthopaedics. Vol 4
Authors: Leonard F. Peltier
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<b>The Clubfoot.</b>By J. Hiram Kite. 232 pp, 111 illus. $9.75. Grune &amp; Stratton, 381 Park Ave S, New York 16, 1964 The practical management of patients with fractures is separated by a wide gulf from the scientific study of bone and its response to injury.<i>Science of Fractures</i>succeeds beyond all expectation in bridging the gulf for the physician. The present state of our knowledge in this area is examined and presented clearly and concisely. Not only what can be determined, but also, what cannot be determined by the various special techniques is discussed. A great number of the conclusions drawn from such observations have great practical importance in the management of patients. This is one book which should be read and reread by all physicians treating fractures who want to gain understanding and insight into the complex process by which fractures heal. The treatment of the congenital talipes
A METHOD OF ROENTGEN LOCALIZATION OF FOREIGN BODIES IN THE STOMACH PRIOR TO GASTROSCOPIC REMOVAL
Authors: Gabriel Tucker
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The roentgen localization of foreign bodies in the stomach has offered considerable difficulty. When a foreign body is shown in the upper part of the abdomen, the proof as to whether it is in the stomach, the transverse colon or the small intestine is sometimes quite difficult to obtain. The usual method is the preparation of films in the anteroposterior and lateral planes, which are of considerable value. The administration of an opaque mixture, which passes through the esophagus and immediately comes in contact with the foreign body, will usually give definite information. It is a disadvantage, however, if gastroscopic removal under fluoroscopic guidance is to be made, as it is necessary to wait for the opaque mixture to pass out of the stomach and upper part of the abdomen before fluoroscopic guidance can be satisfactorily given in many cases. In a recent case in which there was a piece