tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
98.6°F
Authors: Gail S. Marion
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —We are pleased to see the article by Mackowiak et al 1 questioning the validity of current medical dogma concerning normal body temperature. There were, however, some points made by these authors that deserve likewise to be questioned.  Though the study design does control for time of day, there are many other potential confounding variables mentioned in previous studies that were not considered. 2-6 These include outdoor and room temperature, ingestion of certain medications that are available without prescription such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, nutritional status, recent physical activity, respiratory rate, tobacco and alcohol use, the presence of denture material in the mouth, and the phase of the menstrual cycle for women. Most of these potential confounding factors would lower the temperature reading rather than raise it and therefore may account for the deviation from the long-accepted norm found in this study.  The authors corroborated Wunderlich's observation
The Flexible Bronchofiberscope in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) - the Optimal Postoperative Care for the Bronchial System
Authors: H. Groitl
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Since 1974 about 6000 flexible bronchoscopies have been performed for early postoperative diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. Bronchoscopic suction is easy, quick, highly effective and does not provoke any epithelial changes. Indications for immediate bronchoscopic suction are suspected aspiration, deterioration in blood gas values, changes in the chest x-ray. Every ICU should be equipped with a flexible bronchoscope for immediate use.
Developmental Pesticide Models of the Parkinson Disease Phenotype
Authors: Deborah A. Cory-Slechta, Mona Thiruchelvam, Brian K. Barlow, Eric K. Richfield
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

It has been hypothesized that developmental insults could contribute to Parkinson disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the loss of the dopamine neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway. Two models of developmental pesticide exposures in mice are presented here that yield PD phenotypes consistent with this possibility. Combined exposures to the herbicide paraquat (PQ) and the fungicide maneb (MB), both of which adversely affect dopamine systems, administered from postnatal days 5-19, produced selective losses of dopamine and metabolites and reduced numbers of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Effects were greater than those produced by adult-only exposures. Moreover, developmental PQ + MB exposures enhanced vulnerability to this pesticide regimen when administered subsequently in adulthood. In a second model, exposure to MB from gestational days 10-17 markedly increased vulnerability to PQ exposures during adulthood, with reductions in dopamine and metabolites and numbers of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Females evidenced protection in both models. Collectively, these models demonstrate that developmental exposures can produce progressive, permanent, and cumulative neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system and enhance vulnerability to subsequent environmental insults. Finally, effects of PQ + MB were greater than those of either pesticide alone in the postnatal model. This is consistent with a multiple-hit hypothesis predicting that multiple concurrent insults occurring at different target sites within a system (here nigrostriatal dopamine) may constrict the range and flexibility of compensatory mechanisms, thereby compromising the integrity and viability of the system. As such, this hypothesis presents a biologic strategy for identifying potentially significant neurotoxic mixtures for hazard identification in future studies.
Hygiene of Women and Children.
Authors: Janet Elizabeth Lane-Claypon, Forber
Journal: JAMA (1922)

hardly' realizes how much has been accomplished.Unfor- tunately, it is necessary to add that a very great deal remains to be done, especially in some of the great industrial towns and in the rural parts of many counties.We know the advantages of good sanitation; anyone can see them for himself, since it is usually provided in the residential areas of those towns whose poorer areas are in great need of improve- ment.We know how disease takes hold and spreads in dirty, overcrowded areas ; how, for example, the children in those Ti4 4Hil5 vi affects the individual.The next development of the whole subject of Hj^giene was along certain special lines-the hygiene of the child at various ages.Thus, the school medical service deals with the child of school age, the infant welfare work started on the infant after birth, and spread backwards to the mother and onwards to the child of school age.As a whole, the subject had arisen and had of necessity been dealt with, as it were, in sections of the community.Again, we have the special arrangements for dealing with tuberculosis and venereal disease, all on communal lines.A community is, however, made up in the aggregate of families, and these of individuals, and it is to the individual and the home that attention has been directed in this book.After all, it is to the individual that we must come in the end for any concerted effort.General public health measures will only carry us a certain way-they must be the first step -but the final step must be by the individual.It has been well said that people can be made neither healthy nor sober by Act of Parliament.Acts of Parliament are, however, essential in dealing with the impediments which prevent individuals from working out their own salvation, but they cannot effect this.Much breaking up of ground still remains to be done under infant hygiene it may be thought that the last remark does not hold, but it is hoped that some points are brought forward here, upon which information has not, as yet, been readily accessible.The same remark applies to the chapters on milk.There are, of course, numerous large works upon this subject, but they can scarcely be held to be readily accessible.Hence it was decided to insert some chapters on this subject.It is a wide branch of hygiene, and has been condensed so as to deal with only the more important viii
RNA-instructed DNA polymerase activity in a cytoplasmic particulate fraction in brains from Guamanian patients.
Authors: M V Viola, M Frazier, L White, J Brody, S Spiegelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Nervous system tissues from a number of patients with idiopathic neurological disorders were examined for biochemical evidence of RNA tumor virus infection. RNase-sensitive DNA polymerase activity was found in a cytoplasmic particulate fraction from two patients with Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but not in brains from two normal U.S. individuals. The buoyant density of the enzyme-containing fraction was 1.16-1.18 g/ml and could be converted to a denser region of the gradient (1.24 g/ml) by treatment with the nonionic surfactant, Sterox. The cation and detergent requirements for the endogenous RNase-sensitive DNA polymerase reaction were determined. The early (5 min) endogenous reverse transcriptase product was analyzed by cesium sulfate gradient centrifugation. RNase- and heat-sensitive RNA-DNA hybrids were detected in the product analysis of two ALS, one Parkinsonism-dementia (PD) brain, and two brains from asymptomatic Chamorros but not in brains from normal U.S. individuals and a number of patients with neuro-psychiatric disorders. The DNA product was a 4.5S heteropolymer that hybridized more extensively to RNA extracted from the enzyme-containing pellet from PD brain as compared to a similar fraction from normal U.S. brain. The DNA product appeared to be unrelated to Rausvher or visna virus 70S RNA as determined by RNA-[-3H]DNA hybridization.
THE STEMMA OF HARVEY
Authors: Bruno Gebhard
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  In order to relieve the confusion created by the note on the Stemma of Harvey inThe Journal, June 11, page 711, I would like to point out that the description by Ruth Fox is not correct, as the candle is really  torch and is not entwined by a snake but by two snakes, which is an important item in the old discussion about whether the caduceus should have one or two snakes.
Modulation of murine embryonic stem cell–derived CD41+c-kit+ hematopoietic progenitors by ectopic expression of Cdx genes
Authors: Shannon L. McKinney-Freeman, Claudia Lengerke, Il-Ho Jang, Sabine Schmitt, Yuan Wang, Marsha Philitas, Jessica Shea, George Q. Daley
Journal: Blood (2008)
Molecular remission is an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients with mantle cell lymphoma after combined immunochemotherapy: a European MCL intergroup study
Authors: Christiane Pott, Eva Hoster, Marie-Helene Delfau-Larue, Kheira Beldjord, Sebastian Böttcher, Vahid Asnafi, Anne Plonquet, Reiner Siebert, Evelyne Callet-Bauchu, Niels Andersen, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Wolfram Klapper, Françoise Berger, Vincent Ribrag, Achiel L. van Hoof, Marek Trneny, Jan Walewski, Peter Dreger, Michael Unterhalt, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Michael Kneba, Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans, Olivier Hermine, Elizabeth Macintyre, Martin Dreyling
Journal: Blood (2009)
A novel prognostic model in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results of 909 patients entered into the prospective AML96 trial
Authors: Christoph Röllig, Christian Thiede, Martin Gramatzki, Walter Aulitzky, Heinrich Bodenstein, Martin Bornhäuser, Uwe Platzbecker, Reingard Stuhlmann, Ulrich Schuler, Silke Soucek, Michael Kramer, Brigitte Mohr, Uta Oelschlaegel, Friedrich Stölzel, Malte von Bonin, Martin Wermke, Hannes Wandt, Gerhard Ehninger, Markus Schaich
Journal: Blood (2010)
Ethanol-induced alterations in pancreatic blood flow in conscious dogs.
Authors: L D Horwitz, J H Myers
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Because ethanol abusers are susceptible to pancreatitis in animal models, and interruption of the pancreatic circulatory supply may also cause pancreatitis, we studied the effect of ethanol infusion on pancreatic blood flow.We administered ethanol 0.5 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg iv, to 35 conscious dogs (ethanol blood levels, 117 ± 10 (SD) and 297 ± 67 mg/100 ml, respectively).Measurements were made of aortic pressure and regional blood flow by the radioactive microsphere method in the pancreas, stomach, spleen, intestines, adrenal glands, and kidneys.Pancreatic flows were 172 ml/min per 100 g control, 156 ml/min per 100 g after 0.5 g/kg ethanol and 108 ml/min per 100 g after 1.5 g/kg ethanol.After the higher dose, the decrease in pancreatic flow of 64 ml/min per 100 g or 37% was statistically significant (P< 0.01); pancreatic vascular resistance rose by 113% (P< 0.001).There were no significant changes in flow or resistance in the other organs studied.Similar changes in pancreatic flow and resistance occurred after 1.5 g/kg ethanol in groups of dogs pretreated with phenoxybenzamine, an a-adrenergic antagonist; propranolol.a /J-adrenergic antagonist; cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist; and meclofenamate, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor.The changes in pancreatic blood flow and resistance were substantially reversed by 25% mannitol, 3 ml/kg, iv, after infusion of ethanol.We conclude that ethanol, in high doses relevant clinically, selectively elevates pancreatic vascular resistance, probably by inducing perivascular cellular swelling.
The Migratory Needle Story.
Authors: H. C. Buck
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Friars Point, Miss., Nov. 22, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I report a case that came under my observation which seems to prove the editorial partly in the wrong. In 1877 a druggist's wife sent for me to see her baby, aged three months. She told me the baby had something in his leg that felt like a needle. On the under or back side of the thigh just below the hip joint I found a substance imbedded in the tissues that felt like a needle. I grasped the leg in my left hand and cut down on what looked to be the end of a needle. In attempting to catch it with a small forceps it slipped from my grasp and I could not find it again. I told the mother it would make its appearance again and instructed her to watch for it and let me know when she
Placental scanning with computer-linked gamma camera to detect impaired placental blood flow and intrauterine growth retardation.
Authors: W R Chatfield, T G Rogers, B E Brownlee, P E Rippon
Journal: BMJ (1975)

By retrospective analysis of 65 placental localization studies by a computer-linked gamma camera the isotope studies by a computer-linked gamma camera the isotope uptake patterns were correlated with the eventual outcome of the pregnancies. The uptakes by anterior and lateral placentae were reduced in pregnancies which resulted in growth-retarded babies and statistically unrelated to the gestation of the pregnancy. This simple representation of placental blood flow could be a clinically useful index of placental function.
Rationing by Any Other Name
Authors: D A Asch, P A Ubel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Although many clinicians and health policy makers are comfortable with the notion that some beneficial health care services are simply too expensive to provide, fewer are comfortable using the word “rationing” to describe these compromises. The word is so loaded that some cannot use or hear it without thinking of policies that discriminate against vulnerable population groups. Some policy makers carefully avoid the word, substituting euphemistic phrases such as “emphasizing truly beneficial services.” When the word is used in medical contexts, it is usually to discredit an insurance program or a suggested health policy that cuts too close to a . . .
Timing of Administration of Anti-VLA-4 Differentiates Airway Hyperresponsiveness in the Central and Peripheral Airways in Mice
Authors: ARIHIKO KANEHIRO, KATSUYUKI TAKEDA, ANTHONY JOETHAM, ADRIAN TOMKINSON, TOSHIHIDE IKEMURA, CHARLES G. IRVIN, ERWIN W. GELFAND
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is correlated with the infiltration into the lungs of activated eosinophils and T lymphocytes. In large part, influx of eosinophils into the lung is dependent on very late activating antigen-4 (VLA-4) expression. However, the kinetics of eosinophil recruitment and the development of AHR are not fully delineated. Airway function was monitored by changes in lung resistance (Rl) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) to methacholine (MCh) inhalation after anti-VLA-4. After ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and airway challenge of BALB/c mice, AHR increased as did the number of lung inflammatory cells. Administration of anti-VLA-4 to sensitized mice 2 h before the first (of three) OVA airway challenges significantly prevented changes in Rl. Moreover, injection of the antibody from 2 h before the first challenge to 42 h after the last challenge significantly prevented the increases in Rl, as well as eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); interleukin-5 (IL-5) and leukotriene concentrations in BALF were also significantly inhibited. Interestingly, treatment with anti-VLA-4 only prevented changes in Cdyn and goblet cell hyperplasia when administered 2 h before the first challenge. These studies demonstrate that the timing of anti-VLA-4 administration can selectively affect pathologic processes that contribute to altered airway function in the central and peripheral airways after allergen challenge.
Air Pollution Asthma Among Military Personnel in Japan
Authors: Harvey W. Phelps
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Yokohama asthma is distinguished from other forms of asthma in that the attacks usually begin in the evening or early morning, are usually accompanied by severe coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, and resist treatment by the usual bronchodilating drugs. Considerable morbidity and a number of deaths have been ascribed to this disease. More than 100 patients have been studied. Removal of the patient from the polluted air of the industrialized Kanto Plain (Tokyo-Yokohama region) gave prompt relief. When this was not possible, the use of an oxygen tent with other measures here outlined was frequently necessary.
Immunohistochemical phenotyping of liver macrophages in normal and diseased human liver
Authors: Minoru Tomita, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Haruhiko Kobashi, Masaki Ohmoto, Takao Tsuji
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The phenotypical heterogeneity of human liver macrophages was analyzed with monoclonal antibodies that recognize antigens specific for the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Most liver macrophages in normal and diseased liver were positive for CD68, whereas fewer matured macrophages were detected by 25-F9. Comparative staining of mirror sections revealed some to be doubly positive and others to be singly CD68 positive. Quantitative analysis confirmed the difference, suggesting heterogeneity of maturation in liver macrophages. Most liver macrophages in the normal liver were negative for CD14, a receptor for lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein complexes. Liver macrophages in liver diseases were activated to express CD14 at varying degrees and were involved in the clearance of lipopolysaccharide-lipopolysaccharide-binding protein complexes. Fc gamma RI, a receptor for monomeric IgG that is involved in antibody-mediated cell cytotoxicity, was negative in the normal liver, but was expressed in liver macrophages at inflammatory sites (e.g., in piecemeal and focal necrosis) in diseased livers. Fc gamma RII was expressed in most liver macrophages, as well as in sinusoidal endothelial cells; Fc gamma RIII was expressed in a smaller number of liver macrophages. Expression of Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII was increased in chronic active hepatitis. These results suggest that liver macrophages are heterogeneous in maturation and function and that they are activated in liver diseases as shown by the novel expression of CD14 and Fc gamma RI. The restricted expression of Fc gamma RI indicates that Fc gamma RI-positive macrophages, in cooperation with cytotoxic T lymphocytes, may play an important role in liver cell injury through antibody-mediated cell cytotoxicity.
Autonomic neuropathy in systemic sclerosis: a case report and evaluation of six patients.
Authors: C Sonnex, E Paice, A G White
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

We describe a case of systemic sclerosis with sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy and detail autonomic testing in six further patients. Of these six patients, three showed early parasympathetic damage. None of the patients had evidence of peripheral neuropathy, and there was no correlation between the presence of autonomic dysfunction and the severity of Raynaud9s phenomenon.
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Versus Multiple Daily Injections: The Impact of Baseline A1c
Authors: Ravi Retnakaran, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

We agree with Blumer’s (1) contention that patients with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy represent a well-motivated patient population. In this context, he asks whether differences in patient motivation (as reflected in adherence to frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose and regular contact with diabetes educators) may underlie the finding of improved glycemic control with CSII as compared with multiple daily insulin injection (MDII) therapy in our recent pooled analysis …
Inhibitors of Kallikrein in Human Plasma
Authors: David J. McConnell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Human plasma was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration to determine which method would give the greatest number of clearly separable kallikrein inhibitory peaks. With G-200 gel filtration three peaks could be separated which were demonstrated to contain alpha(2)-macroglobulin, C1 inactivator, and alpha(1)-antitrypsin. No other kallikrein inhibitors could be identified. The fractions containing C1 inactivator and alpha(2)-macroglobulin appeared to be more effective against kallikrein than that containing alpha(1)-antitrypsin. A patient with hereditary angioneurotic edema was shown to have an abnormal C1 inactivator protein capable of interfering with kallikrein's biologic, but not its esterolytic activity. Heat-treated human plasma, a commonly used source of kininogen for experiments with kallikrein, was shown to have kallikrein inhibitory activity.
Mortality and Cancer Frequency Among Military Nuclear Test (Smoky) Participants, 1957 Through 1979
Authors: Glyn G. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Follow-up of health status has been completed through 1979 for 3,072 (95.5%) of 3,217 nuclear test participants on military maneuvers during the 1957 nuclear test "Smoky." In these participants, 112 cases of cancer were diagnosed, compared with 117.5 cases expected. During the same follow-up period (1957 through 1979), 64 persons died of cancer, compared with an expected 64.3. Statistically significantly increased frequency of occurrence and mortality was found only for leukemia. The amount of cumulative gamma radiation exposure for 1957 ranged from 0 to 10,397 mrem as measured by individual personnel film badges. Although uncertainty remains about the exact amount of radiation exposure, the lack of a significant increase after 22 years in either the incidence of or the mortality from any other cancer and the apparent lack of a dose effect by unit lead to the consideration that the leukemia findings may be attributable either to chance, to factors other than radiation, or to some combination of risk factors possibly including radiation.
Intrathymic expression of Flt3 ligand enhances thymic recovery after irradiation
Authors: Linda Kenins, Jason W. Gill, Richard L. Boyd, Georg A. Holländer, Aleksandra Wodnar-Filipowicz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires conditioning treatments such as irradiation, which leads to a severely delayed recovery of T cell immunity and constitutes a major complication of this therapy. Currently, our understanding of the mechanisms regulating thymic recovery is limited. It is known that a subpopulation of bone marrow (BM)–derived thymic immigrant cells and the earliest intrathymic progenitors express the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) receptor; however, the functional significance of this expression in the thymus is not known. We used the BM transplant model to investigate the importance of Flt3 ligand (FL) for the regeneration of the T cell compartment. We show that FL is expressed in the adult mouse thymus on the surface of perivascular fibroblasts. These cells surround the proposed thymic entry site of Flt3 receptor–positive T cell progenitors. After irradiation, perivascular FL expression is up-regulated and results in an enhanced recovery of thymic cellularity. Thymic grafting experiments confirm an intrathymic requirement for FL. Collectively, these results show that thymic stromal cell–mediated FL–Flt3 receptor interactions are important in the reconstitution of thymopoiesis early after lethal irradiation and HSCT, and provide a functional relevance to the expression of the Flt3 receptor on intrathymic T cell progenitors.