tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anastomosis of Recurrent Laryngeal to Phrenic Nerves: Some Recovery of Function
Authors: E. B. Barnes, C. Ballance
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THE3 following case of complete traumatic division of both recurrent laryngeal nerves was treated by anastomosis of each nerve to tho phrenic nerve of the same side.Some recovery of function was, as will bo seen, observed.The patient, a woman 52 years of age, was seen bv one of us in May, 1926.She was suffering from aphonia and attacks of dyspnoea.The vocal cords were completely paralvsed; the patient was breathing through a very narrow chink, and there was constant stridor.The inner borders of the cords were slightly concave, tension was absent, and a slight flapping * This abstract is pubLished hy permiusion of the DireetowGDeera, Indian Medical -Service.The iii4l pIer wilU apper in the IdBim Jouiral of ffe(ical Re8earch.
ANGIOGENESIS AND THE PROGRESSION OF SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS: A 24-MONTH FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Sanghoon Shin, Sang-Hak Lee, Young-Guk Ko, Seok-Min Kang, Donghoon Choi, Jong-Won Ha, Namsik Chung, Won-Heum Shim, Seung-Yun Cho, Yangsoo Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
New drugs should be judged on "willingness to pay" basis, says leading economist
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A leading economist has argued that “willingness to pay” is the best way to judge whether a new drug should be funded.

Peter Zweifel, professor of economics at the University of Zurich, said that the willingness to pay criterion—which assigns a value to health benefits by directly asking members of the public how much they would be prepared to pay to gain a benefit—is a better measure than quality adjusted life years (QALYs), the commonly used measure that combines an estimate of the life years gained from an intervention with a judgment on the quality of these life years.

Speaking at a seminar at the independent Office of Health Economics in London, Professor Zweifel said, “I would argue that the real gold standard in economic …
Study demonstrates link between cancer survival and wealth
Authors: P. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Cancer survival is clearly linked to socioeconomic status, according to the latest figures for England and Wales which were published last week.The report, produced by the Office for National Statistics, the Cancer Research Campaign, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, suggested that over 12 700 deaths from cancer could be avoided every year if all patients shared the survival rates of the most affluent patients.The report also revealed that overall cancer survival rates in England and Wales lag behind those of other European countries and the United States.The study followed nearly three million adults and 18 000 children who were diagnosed with cancer between 1971 and 1990.Large differences in survival rates for adults were identified, although there were no significant deprivation gaps for children's cancers.For patients who were diagnosed between 1986 and 1990, the most affluent
Acquired yon Willebrand's syndrome in association with a lupus‐like anticoagulant corrected by intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Debra Hanley, Yale S. Arkel, Jean Lynch, Mikio Kamiyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract We are reporting on a 47‐year‐old man who presented with a prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prior to orthopedic surgery. An evaluation suggested an inhibitor when his plasma prolonged a normal control APTT upon 50:50 solution of patients with normal plasma. The platelet‐neutralizing procedure (PNP), anticardiolipin antibody, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) were positive. Further studies revealed decreased von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor (vWF:RCoF), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), an inhibitor to vWF, and absent high‐molecular‐weight vWF multimeters. Assays of FVIII:C, FIX, and FXI were nonparallel to the standard curve. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) corrected the APTT, multimeric pattern, and FVIII:C by the 7th day postinfusion. This case demonstrates the efficacy of IVIG for acquired von Willebrand's syndrome (vWS) and also represents a unique combination of a lupus‐like anticoagulant and acquired vWS in a patient without the full serological requirement for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Whether patients with acquired vWS and lupus inhibitors are more or less susceptible to either a thrombotic complication or hemorrhage is not established. Prospective studies for the incidence of lupus inhibitor/antiphospholipid syndromes and vWF deficiencies are needed to assess this question. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL AND ELUTION STUDIES OF THE HUMAN PLACENTA
Authors: J. N. McCormick, W. Page Faulk, H. Fox, H. H. Fudenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

An immunohistological survey of 28 full-term human placentas has demonstrated deposits of IgG, beta1C, beta1E, and fibrinogen/fibrin in areas of fibrinoid necrosis and on the trophoblast basement membrane in approximately 35% of placental villi. Traces of IgM were detected at similar sites in 18 of 28 full-term placentas. In 11 specimens of immature placentas (10-18 wk gestation) traces of IgG and beta1C and deposits of fibrinogen/fibrin were also present, but IgM was not detected in this material. IgG was recovered in acidic eluates from an homogenized placenta which behaved as an antibody reactive with unidentified material present in fibrinoid deposits and on the thickened trophoblast basement membrane of some villi. It could not be determined whether this IgG was derived from the maternal or fetal circulation.
Racial (black-white) differences in serum lipoprotein (a) distribution and its relation to parental myocardial infarction in children. Bogalusa Heart Study.
Authors: S R Srinivasan, G H Dahlen, R A Jarpa, L S Webber, G S Berenson
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The value of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] in the prediction of coronary artery disease risk very early in life remains to be established in different racial groups. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum Lp(a) distribution and its relation to parental histories of myocardial infarction were examined in 2,438 children (8-17 years old) from a biracial community. Parental myocardial infarction was used as a surrogate measure of future risk of disease in the offspring. Lp(a) levels averaged 1.7-fold higher in blacks than in whites (p less than 0.0001). A small but significant sex difference (females greater than males, p less than 0.05) was seen in both races. Race was the only independent variable that contributed appreciably (9%) to the variability of Lp(a) in serum. White children with parental myocardial infarction (n = 90) had increased levels of Lp(a) compared with those without parental myocardial infarction (22.4 versus 17.1 mg/dl, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, among white children, the prevalence of parental myocardial infarction was higher in those with Lp(a) levels of more than 25 mg/dl than in those with values of 25 mg/dl or less (9.5% versus 5.4%, p less than 0.01). In contrast, the relation of Lp(a) to parental myocardial infarction was not seen in black children. No associations were observed between parental myocardial infarction and serum levels of any of the lipids or lipoprotein cholesterol classes in children of either race. CONCLUSIONS Serum Lp(a) levels may prove valuable in the assessment of coronary artery disease risk early in life among white populations. These findings also emphasize the need to evaluate the atherogenic potential of Lp(a) in different racial groups.
Effect of Heterologous Antithymocyte Serum on Mouse Skin Tumorigenesis
Authors: Nechama Haran-Ghera, Miriam Lurie
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The effect of transient immune impairment on the initiating and promoting phase of skin tumorigenesis, as expressed by tumor incidence, latency, number of papillomas per mouse, papilloma regression, and rate of malignant transformation, was evaluated. Heterologous antithymocyte serum (ATS) was used as the immunosuppressive agent, a single skin painting of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for skin-tumor initiation, and repeated croton oil skin paintings for promotion. ATS treatment before the initiating phase did not change the tumorigenic potency of DMBA. ATS injections administered concurrently for several weeks with croton oil paintings, early or late during the promoting phase, did not enhance or diminish croton oil activity, but prevented tumor regression after termination of the croton oil treatment. Immunosuppression could not replace or enhance the effect of croton oil on papilloma development. ATS given after termination of the croton oil treatment (when papilloma regression is enhanced) did not prevent the regression phenomenon. The incidence of progression from benign tumors to malignancies was enhanced in the ATS-treated groups.
Benchmarking the physician workforce
Authors: E. S. Sekscenski
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We believe Dr Floch may have misread our article. We studied the physician workforce across the 306 hospital referral regions of the United States. Three health care systems, a large HMO and 2 regions, were selected as benchmarks to point out that modest physician workforce levels are consistent with health care systems successfully competing for patients in the marketplace. Floch may prefer a different benchmark with a greater workforce, and we would encourage him to investigate the marginal benefits of these additional physicians to the region. However, the epidemiologic analysis of the distribution of medical care resources, including physicians, is a well-established research area within health services research. As with any area of research, investigators may differ in their interpretation of data. In the instance of the specialty workforce, the conclusion that there are too many specialists in many regions of the United States is shared by the Institute of
THE PHYSICIAN AND TESTAMENTARY CAPACITY
Authors: GENE L. USDIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

The evaluation of testamentary capacity represents a field requiring serious psychiatric consideration. While considerable publicity and work have recently been afforded the problem of criminal responsibility, little can be found in recent psychiatric literature regarding testamentary capacity. There have been some noteworthy exceptions, and Davidson's clear, simple and concise chapter in his recent book(52) is a major contribution. No court or tribunal can set up a standard by which mental capacity may be unerringly tested. No jurist or psychiatrist has indicated a precise point where sanity ceases and insanity begins. Perhaps it would be easier to decide the exact instant when dusk surrenders to darkness. The psychiatrist faces the problem of providing expert testimony based on the application of psychopathology to criteria set by law. These criteria may appear quite ambiguous or they may be satisfied in a manner that the psychiatrist may feel injustice is being done. The psychiatrist may be disconcerted by some of the discourtesies and lack of weight afforded his testimony. The conditions under which testamentary capacity can be contested are fairly limited. The value of having the psychiatrist present at the time the will is being drawn up is important, especially when the premise of lucid interval is to be utilized. In the majority of cases where wills are contested, the psychiatrist rarely has the opportunity to examine the testator and has to depend on the available history. He must obtain facts as best he can and render an honest opinion as to testamentary capacity. The lawyer's duty to his client is to give him the benefit of the best legal ability of which he is capable; so naturally a lawyer, consulting a psychiatrist, will try to present witnesses who primarily favor his side. Progress has been made in many states by the appointing of impartial medical experts for lunacy commissions and cases involving personal injury liability. It would be an important step to have such impartial opinion applied in cases involving testamentary capacity. There is increasing awareness on the part of the legal profession of the real contributions which an understanding of behavioral mechanisms can make toward better conceptualization of the law and its procedures. Psychiatry is the medical specialty which has the closest contact with law. It too is directly concerned with the appropriate regulation of human behavior in a healthy manner. Psychiatry, however, is neither as pragmatic, authoritarian or precise as the law. Although present-day dynamic psychiatry recognizes the vital impact of the unconscious motivation of behavior, law leaves no place for such recognition although it is beginning to take hesitant steps in that direction.
Prevention and health.
Authors: N Batley
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ceptives, usually condoms and spermicides, are provided with these free of charge.If we could avoid the need to use two forms of contraception at the same time this would result in a considerable saving of money to the NHS, but above all it would relieve couples from the nuisance and inconvenience of having to use mechanical contraceptives, which so many of them dislike.
Role of oxygen free radicals in the proliferation of myofibroblasts induced by AngII
Authors: Liying Wang, Hong Li, Shijie Yang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of angiotension II (AngII) in promoting proliferation of myofibroblasts (myoFbs) and myocardial fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms and the role of oxygen free radicals in the proliferation of myofibroblasts induced by AngII are unclear. The present study was designed to shed light on this issue through exploration of AngII signaling pathways via in vitro experiments. Primary cultures of neonatal rat myoFbs were divided into five groups which were treated with AngII (10−8 to 10−6 M), AngII with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), or normal culture medium. We observed the proliferation of myoFbs as induced by AngII at different concentrations with MTT. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in myoFbs were detected by monitoring the fluorescence of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein. The contents and levels of oxygen free radicals (OH) in the three groups were detected by spectrophotometer, immunocytochemical staining, and confocal fluorescence. Western blot and image analysis were used to measure membrane translocation and expression of phospho-protein kinase Cα. MyoFbs incubated with AngII (10−8 to 10−6 M) for 24 h increased their rate of proliferation, the content of OH, and expression of ROS (P<0.01 vs. control group), whereas these parameters decreased in the presence of NAC. Immunocytochemistry, confocal fluorescence staining and image analysis showed that AngII could promote the translocation and expression of p-PKCα in membrane, and the antioxidant NAC blocked this increase (P<0.01). Western blot results also showed that NAC could inhibit the expression of p-PKCα.
Late diagnosis of HIV infection in children causes distress
Authors: M. Boulton, D. Miller, E. Beck, S. Walters
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Richardson and Sharland expressed concern that Department of Health guidelines on antenatal testing have had no effect on the method of presentation of paediatric HIV infection.1 We share their concern that late presentation continues to deprive children of the benefits of timely treatment, parental education, and social support, and, on the basis of our research, would add a further …
Mitochondrial control by DRP1 in brain tumor initiating cells
Authors: Qi Xie, Qiulian Wu, Craig M Horbinski, William A Flavahan, Kailin Yang, Wenchao Zhou, Stephen M Dombrowski, Zhi Huang, Xiaoguang Fang, Yu Shi, Ashley N Ferguson, David F Kashatus, Shideng Bao, Jeremy N Rich
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Effects of chronic renal failure on protein synthesis and albumin messenger ribonucleic acid in rat liver.
Authors: M A Zern, S H Yap, R K Strair, G A Kaysen, D A Shafritz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Previously we reported that chronic renal failure in rats leads to preferential disaggregation of liver membrane-bound polysomes associated with a decrease in albumin synthesis. To determine whether reduced albumin synthesis results from reduced cellular levels of albumin messenger RNA (mRNA) or some other molecular mechanism, we have employed mRNA-DNA hybridization in conjunction with cell-free protein synthesis to determine albumin mRNA sequence content and biological activity in subcellular fractions from control and uremic rat liver. Using high specific activity albumin [3H]-complementary DNA prepared from purified-albumin mRNA, we found that total liver polysomes and albumin mRNA sequence content are increased in uremic animals. The extra polysomes are located within the membrane-bound subcellular fraction. These polysomes, however, have reduced ability to synthesize albumin in the cell-free system, and mRNA isolated from membrane-bound polysomes of uremic liver showed reduced albumin synthesis. Evaluation of albumin mRNA size by hybridization analysis revealed a reduced content of intact albumin mRNA molecules per microgram of RNA in the liver of uremic animals. This was associated with increased ribonuclease activity in uremic cytosol. The diminished albumin synthesis by membrane-bound polysomes of uremic rat liver can, therefore, be explained by enhanced degradation of albumin mRNA.
Cardiac Troponin T and Point-of-Care Testing for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elliott M. Antman, David B. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Despite their obvious enthusiasm for point-of-care testing for cardiac troponin T (cTnT), Dr Antman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have not provided convincing evidence that this technology is either applicable or appropriate in the clinical setting. Many of the arguments used to justify using a test with a false-positive rate of 35% and a sensitivity ranging rom only 33% to a maximum of 86% are paper tigers. The time needed to perform creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, and troponin assays on modern random-access chemistry and immunochemistry analyzers is as little as 17 minutes in the clinical laboratory, not 2 hours as the authors cited. Moreover, recent studies<sup>2,3</sup>comparing immunoassays for cardiac troponin (troponin T or I) with CK-MB show similar sensitivity of cardiac troponin to CK-MB for detection of acute mycocardial infarction. According to these studies, in the laboratory setting there was also an increased specificity for myocardial damage
Observations on All Births (23,970) in Birmingham, 1947
Authors: T. McKeown, J. R. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Dameshek (l950) and VIdebaek (1950), amongst whose groups of patients there were several with a history of over 20 years), and therefore emphasis must be placed on caution during the treatment. SummarySix patients with long-continued polycythaemia were treated orally with P-naphthyl-di-2-chloroethylamine.The dosage was between 300 and 600 mg.daily.Treat- ments were given in series; in only two patients was it possible to give the drug continuously.In five out of the six cases a marked fall in the percentage of haemo- globin and red-cell counts occurred, and, parallel with this, a decrease in the redness and a subjective improvement.In one of the patients the remission has so far lasted for 15 months.Attention is directed to the toxic effect of the sub- stance on the bone marrow, which necessitates careful and constant control by blood examinations.Gastro- intestinal symptoms were not observed during our tests with the substance.ADDENDUM Follow-up, April, 1951 Case I.-Hb.106% ; erythrocytes, 4,710.000; leucocytes, 8,000.The patient feels well.No erythrosis of the face.Has been without treatment for seven months.Case 2.-Hb, 106% ; erythrocytes.4,590,000; leucocytes, 5,300.The patient feels well.No erythrosis of the face.Has been without treatment for 19 months.Case 3.-Hb, 135% ; erythrocytes, 5,620,000; leucocytes, 12,900.The patient feels well.Face less erythrotic.Is under permanent treatment with 300 mg.daily, and has been so for 14 months.Case 4.-Hb, 113% ; erythrocytes. 6.020.000;leucocytes, 10.900.The patient feels wells.Face less erythrotic.Has been without treatment fer 20 months, but because of the enlarged spleen the treatment will be continued.Case 5.-Hb, 107°,'; erythrocytes, 5,160,000; leucocytes, 4,400.The patient feels well.No erythrosis of the face.Has been without treatment for 10 months.Case 6.-Hb, 126% ; erythrocytes, 5,850,000; leucocytes, 5,700.The patient feels well.Has been without treatment for five months, but because of the rise of haemoglobin the treatment will be continued.
Ventriculographic-Echocardiographic Correlation in Patients With Asynergy
Authors: Carol A. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The ability of echocardiography to detect segmental ventricular asynergy was evaluated in 41 patients before cardiac catheterization. Of 24 normal posterior wall segments by echocardiography, 23 were also normal by ventriculography, while one was hypokinetic. Of 17 asynergic posterior wall segments by echocardiography, 15 were asynergic and two were normal by ventriculography. Posterior wall excursion for the normal group was 1.30 +/- 0.18 cm (SD), while those demonstrating hypokinesis on ventriculography showed an excursion of 1.05 +/- 0.19 cm (P less than .005), and akinetic segments showed an excursion of 0.97 +/- 0.13 cm (P less than .005). In 15 patients, septal motion as determined by echocardiography was compared with the left anterior oblique ventriculogram. Of nine normal septal motions by echocardiography, seven were also normal by left anterior ventriculography (septal excursion, 0.84 +/- 0.25 cm). Of six patients with decreased echocardiographic septal motion, four were normal and two were abnormal by ventriculography. Although normal echocardiographic septal motion correlated well with ventriculography, decreased septal excursion by echocardiography did not.
Brain Death: Confirmation by Radionuclide Cerebral Angiography
Authors: YOGESH P. PATEL, SHIV M. GUPTA, RAMON BATSON, NILO E. HERRERA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Dynamic radionuclide cerebral angiography was performed in 14 patients with suspected brain death. In 10 of 14 patients, no intracranial arterial perfusion was demonstrable, thus confirming brain death. In four patients, faint venous activity was seen in the sagittal sinus only. All these patients also eventually died. Radionuclide cerebral angiography provides a simple and noninvasive means to confirm brain death in critically ill patients maintained on life support systems particularly when an electroencephalogram and four vessel contrast angiography may be either impractical or equivocal.
A Department of Public Health.
Authors: C. S. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Amite City, La., Oct. 3, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The urgent need for a Department of Public Health comes prominently to the front in this section of the country. Arbitrary and irrational quarantine methods are the rule, frequently enforced by the persuasive shotgun, travel and traffic are interfered with, the mails are delayed or stopped altogether, running of trains upon trunk lines hampered, and every inconvenience imposed that the ingenuity of frightened people can devise. Quarantine and safety would both be made sure, the needs of commerce and the general public alike protected, and the losses minimized, if all interests centered in a Department of Public Health, instead of allowing each community to regulate such matters for itself. From a shut-in center, with all kinds of quarantine on all sides, I certainly echo your sentiments, let us have a Department of Public Health. Yours truly,
Genomic characterisation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus of Amoy Gardens outbreak in Hong Kong
Authors: SSC Chim, SKW Tsui, KCA Chan, TCC Au, ECW Hung, YK Tong, RWK Chiu, EKO Ng, PKS Chan, CM Chu, JJY Sung, JS Tam, KP Fung, MMY Waye, CY Lee, KY Yuen, YMD Lo
Journal: The Lancet (2003)