tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Current-Use Pesticide and Other Toxicant Urinary Metabolite Levels among Pregnant Women in the CHAMACOS Cohort and NHANES
Authors: Rosemary Castorina, Asa Bradman, Laura Fenster, Dana Boyd Barr, Roberto Bravo, Michelle G. Vedar, Martha E. Harnly, Thomas E. McKone, Ellen A. Eisen, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

We measured 34 metabolites of current-use pesticides and other precursor compounds in urine samples collected twice during pregnancy from 538 women living in the Salinas Valley of California, a highly agricultural area (1999-2001). Precursors of these metabolites included fungicides, carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphorus (OP), and pyrethroid insecticides, and triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides. We also measured ethylenethiourea, a metabolite of the ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate fungicides. Repeat measurements of the compounds presented here have not been reported in pregnant women previously. To understand the impact of the women's regional environment on these findings, we compared metabolite concentrations from the CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas) cohort with U.S. national reference data for 342 pregnant women sampled by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002).The eight metabolites detected in > 50% of samples [2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP); 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP); 1- and 2-naphthol; ortho-phenylphenol (ORTH); para-nitrophenol (PNP); 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP); and 3,4,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy)] may be related to home or agricultural pesticide use in the Salinas Valley, household products, and other sources of chlorinated phenols. More than 78% of women in this study had detectable levels of at least one of the OP pesticide-specific metabolites that we measured, and > 30% had two or more. The 95th percentile values of six of the most commonly detected (> 50%) compounds were significantly higher among the CHAMACOS women after controlling for age, race, socioeconomic status, and smoking [(2,4-DCP; 2,5-DCP; ORTH; PNP; 2,4,6-TCP; and TCPy); quantile regression p < 0.05].Findings suggest that the CHAMACOS cohort has an additional burden of precursor pesticide exposure compared with the national sample, possibly from living and/or working in an agricultural area.
Phosphodiesterase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent inhibition of T-lymphocyte chemotaxis
Authors: R. Hidi, S. Timmermans, E. Liu, C Schudt, G. Dent, S.T. Holgate, R. Djukanović
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

There is abundant evidence for T-lymphocyte recruitment into the airways in allergic inflammatory responses. This study has tested the hypothesis that T-cell chemotaxis induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) and human recombinant interleukin-8 (hrIL-8) can be attenuated by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity and raised intracellular 39,59-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. This study used theophylline, a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, and rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, to study the effect of PDE inhibition on T-cell chemotaxis. The beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol, the adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, and the cAMP analogue, dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP), were used to demonstrate a role for raised cAMP levels. T-cells were obtained from 10 atopic asthmatics, and the phenotype of migrating cells was examined by flow cytometry. Theophylline caused an inhibition of both PAF-and hrIL-8-induced chemotaxis (mean+/-SEM maximum inhibition at 1 mM: 73+/-4% and 48+/-8% for hrIL-8 and PAF, respectively) that was not specific for the CD4+, CD8+, CD45RO+ or CD45RA+ T-cell subsets. T-cell chemotaxis was more sensitive to treatment with rolipram whose effect was already significant from 0.1 microM on hrIL-8-induced chemotaxis. Both a low concentration of salbutamol (0.1 mM) and forskolin (10 microM) potentiated the inhibitory effect of a low concentration of theophylline (25 microM) on responses to PAF but not to hrIL-8. Finally, T-cell chemotaxis was also inhibited by db-cAMP. It is concluded that attenuation of T-cell chemotaxis to two chemoattractants of relevance to asthma pathogenesis can be achieved via phosphodiesterase inhibition and increased intracellular 39, 59-cyclic monophosphate using drugs active on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. This action may explain the anti-inflammatory effects of theophylline and related drugs in asthma.
Two Consultations: Cognitive Services vs Procedures
Authors: Richard D. Sautter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with great interest the article entitled "Two Consultations," which appeared in A PIECE OF MY MIND in the April 4 issue of<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup> Until about seven years ago, I had the pleasure of working in an organization that had a common salary plan, that is, the salary was common for pediatricians and cardiac surgeons. I recognized that physicians in this group practice would be compensated equally, although their ability to generate revenue was markedly different. The author's description of a $60 consultation and a $300 consultation is an example of the vagaries of the surgical and procedural fee system. It was rather easy for me in a day to accumulate more revenue than a pediatrician could in two weeks, but I had no real problem with him being paid the same salary as myself for quite a variety of reasons. Our system has changed
A diabetic breast lump
Authors: S. A Pai
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

reported in alveolar cells obtained from patients with sarcoidosis, with a correlation between expression and disease activity. 4f the above theories are correct, hypercalcaemia should not occur in the absence of chest disease.In cases such as ours three possible explanations have been offered.First, the granulomatous tissue responsible for 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 production might be below the limits of standard radiographic resolution. 1 Secondly, the excess 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 might originate from extrapulmonary sarcoid granulomatous tissue.Thirdly, hypercalcaemia might be explained by production of PTHrP.PTHrP acts on 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in a similar manner to PTH but is regulated by tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6. 3PTHrP can be found in sarcoid tissue specimens and lymph node homogenates from patients with sarcoidosis 3,4 and high concentrations have been reported in some patients with sarcoid.The PTHrP was normal in our patient.Finally, there is the possibility that increased 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 production may not be the sole cause of hypercalcaemia since 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 is not always raised in these patients. 4
Runx1 and Cbfβ regulate the development of Flt3+ dendritic cell progenitors and restrict myeloproliferative disorder
Authors: Ansuman T. Satpathy, Carlos G. Briseño, Xiongwei Cai, Drew G. Michael, Chun Chou, Sunnie Hsiung, Deepta Bhattacharya, Nancy A. Speck, Takeshi Egawa
Journal: Blood (2014)
Dietary sodium restriction during diuresis of ascites
Authors: Sheila Sherlock
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

To compare the effect of diet, cirrhotic patients with ascites were randomised into two treatment groups: (1) a low sodium diet (21 mmol) per day or (2) an unrestricted sodium intake. Both groups received effective doses of diuretics (spironolactone or, if necessary, spironolactone and furosemide. One hundred and forty patients from 12 liver units were included according to well defined criteria (group 1: 76; group 2: 64). After an initial four to seven day period of bed rest and salt restriction (21 mmol sodium pd), randomisation was done in each centre. We saw no significant difference between the two groups with respect to (1) clinical and biochemical data; (2) mortality or withdrawal (definitive or temporary) because of biochemical disturbances (group 1: 34%; group 2: 22%); (3) the time for complete disappearance of ascites was significantly shorter (p = 0.014) for salt restricted patients; (4) actual survival (curves plotted up to the 120th day) was not statistically different (p = 0.18), but division into subgroups using various prognostic factors showed that survival was significantly better for salt restricted patients without previous gastrointestinal bleeding (p = 0.02); (5) hospitalisation time and costs were identical in both groups. We conclude that the advantage of a normal salt diet was not shown in this study.
Fibrinolytic therapy and deep venous thrombosis.
Authors: H Thomson, D Turner
Journal: BMJ (1972)

your article, were treated by radium only, and there seems little doubt that the high uterine dose necessary for a radium meno- pause is more likely to lead to later malig- nancy than the lower dose given by external irradiation.The indications for inducing a radiation menopause are few; for a radium menopause there are none.-I am, etc.,
Molecular MRI of collagen to diagnose and stage liver fibrosis
Authors: Bryan C. Fuchs, Huifang Wang, Yan Yang, Lan Wei, Miloslav Polasek, Daniel T. Schühle, Gregory Y. Lauwers, Ashfaq Parkar, Anthony J. Sinskey, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Peter Caravan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Experiences with a New Oral Mercurial Diuretic—Merpurate
Authors: JEROME G. KAUFMAN, ARTHUR BERNSTEIN, FRED WEISS, EMANUEL KLOSK, HAROLD S. FELDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

A new oral mercurial diuretic, Merpurate, was studied in dogs for chronic toxicity and in humans for effectiveness. It was found that this product was effective as a diuretic in the doses used and gave a minimal number of undesirable reactions.
Selective decrease in hepatitis C virus-specific immunity among African Americans and outcome of antiviral therapy
Authors: Hugo R. Rosen, Scott J. Weston, KyungAh Im, Huiying Yang, James R. Burton, Henry Erlich, Jared Klarquist, Steven H. Belle
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma throughout the world. Considerable evidence indicates that the risk of viral persistence, natural history, and response to antiviral therapy varies among racial groups, but limited data exist on potential mechanisms to account for these differences. Type 1 helper (Th1) responses to HCV proteins and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens were examined using a sensitive interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in 187 Caucasian American (CA) and 187 African American (AA) patients with chronic genotype 1 infection. ELISPOT responses were examined relative to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and outcome of therapy with pegylated IFN and ribavirin. Th1 responses specific to hepatitis C core protein and combined HCV antigens were significantly lower in AAs compared to CAs, but CMV responses were comparable in the 2 races. The HCV difference in immunity remained after adjusting for gender, serum alanine aminotransferase, histologic severity, and viral level, and was not accounted for by the differential prevalence of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles. Pretreatment total HCV-specific CD4+ T cell response was associated with sustained virologic response (SVR) to pegylated IFN and ribavirin; 43% of patients who had more than 168 ELISPOTs/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (above background) experienced SVR compared to 28% of those who did not (P= 0.007). ELISPOT response was independently associated with SVR by multivariable analysis.Compared to CAs, AAs have weaker HCV-specific immunity. Pretreatment HCV-specific immunity is associated with response to combination antiviral therapy.
Immunological studies of Aging. III. Cytokinetic basis for the impaired response of lymphocytes from aged humans to plant lectins.
Authors: B Inkeles, J B Innes, M M Kuntz, A S Kadish, M E Weksler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The basis for the age-associated defect in the response of lymphocytes to plant lectins has been studied. Using three independent assays we have shown that the number of mitogen-responsive cells is markedly reduced in lymphocyte preparations from old persons. In addition, studies using colchicine bloock and thymidine pulse techniques have revealed a failure of mitogen-responsive cells from old persons to expand into a proliferating pool of lymphocytes as is observed when lymphocytes from young persons are cultured with phytohemagglutinin. Thus, the impaired response of lymphocytes from old persons to mitogens is attributable to a reduced number of mitogen responsive cells and their failure to undergo clonal expansion.
Peak inspiratory flow: measurement using a modified mini Wright peak flow meter.
Authors: M H Depledge
Journal: Thorax (1985)

BACKGROUND--The treatment for infantile glaucoma is surgical. Treatment options include goniotomy, trabeculotomy, combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy, and trabeculectomy. METHODS--Patients who had a follow up of 5 years or longer after primary trabeculectomy were examined to determine the long term stability in infantile glaucoma. RESULTS--In eyes with primary infantile glaucoma 92.3% achieved control of their glaucoma with a single trabeculectomy; 100% achieved control with two trabeculectomies; 85.7% of eyes with secondary infantile glaucoma achieved control with a single trabeculectomy. There were no serious complications experienced in either group. CONCLUSION--Primary trabeculectomy is a safe and successful operation for infantile glaucoma.
Lymphangioma of the Duodenum: An Ultrastructural Study
Authors: J. Aneiros, J. Pleguezuelos, R. Garcia del Moral, T. Caballero, M. Rodrigo, E. Salido
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Two cases of duodenal lymphangioma were diagnosed by endoscopy, and light and electron microscopic findings are reported. Ultrastructural studies showed smooth muscle cells around lymphatic vessels, and amyelinic nerve fibers and smooth muscle cells in the interstitium. On the basis of the ultrastructural features, a hamartomatous rather than tumoral origin is suggested for the duodenal lymphangioma. Lymphangiectatic cysts of Letulle and lymphangiectasia are discussed in the differential diagnosis. Submucosal lymphangiomas of the small bowel might be considered lymphangiectatic cysts.
Skin Color and Race in Clinical Medicine
Authors: MICHAEL GUTWEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Correction1 June 1979Skin Color and Race in Clinical MedicineMICHAEL GUTWEIN, M.D.MICHAEL GUTWEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-6-995_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The statement by Rothschild and Hunter (1) that "Skin color as a designation of race is an arbitrary sociologic classification and rarely, if ever, adds to our diagnostic, pathogenic, or therapeutic knowledge" is out and out nonsense. Imagine evaluating a patient with a congenital anemia without knowing the patient's race. The authors applaud those journals that bowdlerize reference to race except in selected instances; such censorship can only interfere with the recognition of whatever role race may have in human disease and is to be deplored. Race is a biologic datum, whatever else men have made of...Reference1. ROTHSCHILD H and HUNTER F: Skin color as a clinical datum (letter). Ann Intern Med 90:280, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL GUTWEIN, M.D.Affiliations: Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1979Volume 90, Issue 6Page: 995-995KeywordsAnemiaBiologicsDiagnostic medicinePathogensRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer
Authors: Wendy A. Weiger, Ted J. Kaptchuk, David M. Eisenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters15 July 2003Complementary and Alternative Medicine in CancerWendy A. Weiger, MD, PhD, Ted J. Kaptchuk, OMD, and David M. Eisenberg, MDWendy A. Weiger, MD, PhDHarvard Medical School, Osher Institute; Boston, MA 02215 (Weiger, Kaptchuk, Eisenberg)Search for more papers by this author, Ted J. Kaptchuk, OMDHarvard Medical School, Osher Institute; Boston, MA 02215 (Weiger, Kaptchuk, Eisenberg)Search for more papers by this author, and David M. Eisenberg, MDHarvard Medical School, Osher Institute; Boston, MA 02215 (Weiger, Kaptchuk, Eisenberg)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As Ms. Moliver indicates, there is no single, universally accepted definition of a radical dietary regimen, and what is judged as radical will depend in part on one's frame of reference. Our working definition of a radical dietary regimen is as follows: 1) Dietary guidelines forbid or substantially restrict consumption of certain food groups that are staples of the U.S. diet, and 2) proponents claim that the regimen is effective in the treatment of specific diseases. By this definition, the macrobiotic regimen is radical: It forbids consumption of a food group (dairy) that currently forms an integral part ...References1. Kushi M, Jack A. The Cancer Prevention Diet: Michio Kushi's Macrobiotic Blueprint for the Prevention and Relief of Disease. New York: St. Martin's Griffin; 1993. Google Scholar2. Adlercreutz H, Hckerstedt K, Bannwart C, Bloigu S, Hmlinen E, Fotsis T, . Effect of dietary components, including lignans and phytoestrogens, on enterohepatic circulation and liver metabolism of estrogens and on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). J Steroid Biochem. 1987;27:1135-44. [PMID: 2826899] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Tham DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL. Clinical review 97: Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:2223-35. [PMID: 9661587] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School, Osher Institute; Boston, MA 02215 (Weiger, Kaptchuk, Eisenberg) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAdvising Patients Who Seek Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Cancer Wendy A. Weiger , Michael Smith , Heather Boon , Mary Ann Richardson , Ted J. Kaptchuk , and David M. Eisenberg Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Nina Moliver Metrics 15 July 2003Volume 139, Issue 2Page: 152KeywordsAttentionCancer treatmentDietEatingFoodNutrientsNutritionRisk managementTreatment guidelinesUrine ePublished: 15 July 2003 Issue Published: 15 July 2003 CopyrightCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Treatment of Insulin Reactions in Diabetics
Authors: Robert G. Brodows
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Using a modification of the glucose clamp technique, we have studied the efficacy of commonly used foods to correct hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics. After lowering the plasma glucose level to 55 mg/dL at a steady-state plasma free insulin concentration of about 50 microU/mL, patients were fed 20 g of carbohydrate as milk, orange juice, or D-glucose or 40 g of carbohydrate as orange juice. The data indicate that 20 g of carbohydrate as D-glucose corrects hypoglycemia without rebound hyperglycemia. In an outpatient setting, this treatment also proved effective in spontaneous episodes of hypoglycemia. We conclude that (1) the D-glucose content of the ingested carbohydrate is an important determinant of the glycemic response, and (2) at times of moderately severe hypoglycemia, ingestion of 20 g of D-glucose provides an effective glycemic response for periods of at least 40 minutes. In view of these data, a table is provided listing some common sources of 20 g of D-glucose.
Remarkable complete pathologic response rate after preoperative paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and trastuzumab chemotherapy in HER2 positive stage II/III breast cancer: a phase II multicenter study.
Authors: S Im, K Lee, E Lee, Y Kwon, D Noh, I Park, J Ahn, J Ahn, J Kim, B Nam, J Ro
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5105 Background: Preoperative paclitaxel (P) and gemcitabine (G) combination therapy given on D1/D8 every 3 weeks (wks) for 4 cycles was well tolerated and effective in stage II/III breast cancer (BC) in our previous phase II study, with an 18% pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Adding trastuzumab (H) to the preoperative chemotherapy increases both of the clinical and pathological response rates in HER2 positive BC patients (pts). Thus far, the highest pCR rate reported in the literature was obtained with anthracycline-based regimens in combination with trastuzumab. This study evaluated whether non-anthracycline combination chemotherapy with PGH could improve the pCR rate in HER2 positive BC. Methods: HER2 positive, stage II/III BC pts with cytologically confirmed axillary lymph node (LN), ≥ 18 years of age, with adequate organ function, and good performance status were eligible. No prior therapy was allowed. Pts received H intravenously (iv) at 4 mg/kg on D1 of the first cycle with subsequent weekly doses of 2 mg/kg in combination with P 80 mg/m2 and G 1,200 mg/m2, iv, on D1/D8 every 3 wks for 6 cycles. Within 2 wks postoperatively, patients received H 6 mg/kg every 3 wks for 11 cycles with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor for 5 years if indicated. All pts received postoperative radiation therapy. Initial evaluation included sonogram and MRI of the breast, MUGA scan, or echocardiogram, and PET-CT. Results: All 53 planned pts were enrolled between April 2007 and February 2008. The median age was 43 years (range, 26–61 years), the median primary tumor size by sonogram was 5.3 cm (range, 2.0 to &amp;gt; 12 cm) with 89 % ≥ stage IIIA, 42% T3/T4, and 28% N3. Twenty four tumors (45%) were multiple and 20 tumors (38%) were ER positive. By May 2008, 47 patients completed surgery with a 74% breast conservation rate. Twenty-eight of 47 (60%; 95% CI, 45-72) patients achieved pCR in both the tumor and lymph node, with 68% (32/47; 95% CI, 54-80) pCR in the primary tumor, and 77% (36/47; 95% CI, 63-86) pCR in the axillary LN. Median metastatic focus in 21 positive LNs (n=11 pts) was 1 mm (range, &amp;lt;1–13mm). Grade III/IV adverse events (AE) were neutropenia (53%), febrile neutropenia (4%), and transient elevation of AST/ALT (9%). After 6 cycles of PGH chemotherapy, all patients maintained above normal LVEF. Conclusions: A remarkably high pCR was obtained by non-anthracyline based PGH combination therapy for HER2 positive stage II/III breast cancer. This combination is well tolerated with mild degree of AEs.&amp;#x2028; Supported by NCC Grant No 0610240-3. Trastuzumab, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine were supplied by Roche, CJ Cheiljedang CO., and Eli Lilly and CO., respectively. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5105.