tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Balance of Inorganic Phosphate and Enzymes in Man
Authors: MIGUEL A. CHIONG, ROXROY WEST, JOHN O. PARKER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The effects of atrial pacing on the cardiac balance of inorganic phosphate (P i ) were studied during control, atrial pacing, and recovery periods in 29 patients. Group A (n = 18) who had roentgenographically demonstrated coronary artery disease (CAD) developed angina during pacing, and showed mean myocardial lactate (L) production, abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and ST segment depression. Group NA (n = 11), composed of six patients with CAD and five subjects with no demonstrable cardiac disease, had normal lactate metabolism, LVEDP, and ST segments during pacing. In addition, blood levels of two enzymes were determined: creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in nine patients of Group A and six patients of Group NA, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in eight patients of each group. During control, small uptake of P i was observed in both groups. During pacing, Group A showed first a fall and then abolition of mean P i uptake, and during the early recovery period, a small loss of this ion was observed. Although there was a good correlation between L and P i uptakes ( r = 0.86, P &lt; 0.001) throughout the study, P i loss, which occurred in 55% of patients in Group A, appeared to be a less reliable index of myocardial anaerobiosis than L production, which occurred in 72%. No consistent changes in P i balance were observed in Group NA. The only significant enzymatic change was the small but sudden and significant rise of mean CPK levels in coronary sinus (CS) blood above the arterial levels in five patients of Group A during the first 6 min of pacing. These data show that during pacing-induced angina the human heart loses P i . In addition, these preliminary observations on the CS CPK levels during pacing in the angina patients suggest that the stress of tachycardia and ischemia may facilitate the escape of this enzyme from the heart.
Parental Atrial Fibrillation as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation in Offspring
Authors: Caroline S. Fox
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Context Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia in the United States.Whereas rare cases of familial AF have been reported, it is unknown if AF among unselected individuals is a heritable condition.Objective To determine whether parental AF increases the risk for the development of offspring AF.Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study (1983-2002) within the Framingham Heart Study, a population-based epidemiologic study.Participants were 2243 offspring (1165 women, 1078 men) at least 30 years of age and free of AF whose parents had both been evaluated in the original cohort.Main Outcome Measures Development of new-onset AF in the offspring was prospectively examined in association with previously documented parental AF. ResultsAmong 2243 offspring participants, 681 (30%) had at least 1 parent with documented AF; 70 offspring participants (23 women; mean age, 62 [range, 40-81] years) developed AF in follow-up.Compared with no parental AF, AF in at least 1 parent increased the risk of offspring AF (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-3.06;P=.02).These results were stronger when age was limited to younger than 75 years in both parents and offspring (multivariableadjusted OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.87-5.58;PϽ.001) and when the sample was further limited to those without antecedent myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valve disease (multivariable-adjusted OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.71-5.86;PϽ.001).Conclusions Parental AF increases the future risk for offspring AF, an observation supporting a genetic susceptibility to developing this dysrhythmia.Further research into the genetic factors predisposing to AF is warranted.
Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey
Authors: R. Kaltiala-Heino, M. Rimpela, M. Marttunen, A. Rimpela, P. Rantanen
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To assess the relation between being bullied or being a bully at school, depression, and severe suicidal ideation.A school based survey of health, health behaviour, and behaviour in school which included questions about bullying and the Beck depression inventory, which includes items asking about suicidal ideation.Secondary schools in two regions of Finland.16 410 adolescents aged 14-16.There was an increased prevalence of depression and severe suicidal ideation among both those who were bullied and those who were bullies. Depression was equally likely to occur among those who were bullied and those who were bullies. It was most common among those students who were both bullied by others and who were also bullies themselves. When symptoms of depression were controlled for, suicidal ideation occurred most often among adolescents who were bullies.Adolescents who are being bullied and those who are bullies are at an increased risk of depression and suicide. The need for psychiatric intervention should be considered not only for victims of bullying but also for bullies.
Alexithymia and the Interpretation of Hostile-Provoking Situations
Authors: Howard Berenbaum, Rachel Davis, John McGrew
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

&lt;b&gt;Background: &lt;/b&gt;To examine the relationship between alexithymia and the interpretation of hostility-provoking situations. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Sixty-two college students completed the TAS-20 and the Test for the Interpretation of Provoking Situations (TIPS). The TIPS measures how accurately participants can select the most likely explanation for the occurrence of a hypothetical, potentially provoking situation; it also measures how accurately participants judge whether explanations for events are innocent or noninnocent. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Higher levels of alexithymia were associated with greater degrees of accuracy in interpreting the innocence of interpersonal information. The facets of alexithymia that were most strongly associated with interpretation accuracy varied by gender. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Alexithymia is not associated with a general affect recognition deficit. The results are consistent with social factors playing a central role in alexithymia.
Headache Following Spinal Puncture
Authors: Alex J. Arieff
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Some points should be brought out as to the nature of the type of headache which occurs after spinal puncture. Kaplan, as quoted in medical news (<i>JAMA</i><b>192,</b>June 28, 1965, adv p 32) concluded that the principal cause is psychosomatic. The etiology "is still unsettled, although the bulk of the evidence supports the view that it is due to continued leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the dural hole, resulting in lowered spinal fluid pressure and traction on pain-sensitive vascular structures." I thought this had been definitely proved. Be that as it may, unless each subject gave a description compatible with the definition of a postpuncture headache, although the statistics may be valid, the patients' complaints of headache may not necessarily be due to lumbar puncture. The characteristics of a postpuncture headache are: (1) It occurs after spinal puncture; whether or not the patient is aware that
Inhibition of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated histamine release from human basophil leukocytes in vitro by a histamine H1-antagonist, desethoxycarbonyl-loratadine
Authors: Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Christa Josties, Gabriel Frank, Dirk Stalleicken, Armin Buschauer, Walter Schunack, Gert Kunkel, Beate Czarnetzki
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Bone marrow transplantation attenuates murine IgA nephropathy: Role of a stem cell disorder
Authors: Toshiyuki Imasawa, Ryuji Nagasawa, Yasunori Utsunomiya, Tetsuya Kawamura, Yu Zhong, Noriko Makita, Eri Muso, Shigeki Miyawaki, Naoki Maruyama, Tatsuo Hosoya, Osamu Sakai, Tsuneya Ohno
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
ABC of antenatal care. Normal antenatal management.
Authors: G Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Antenatal care in the 1990s has six functions (box).The first two are the same as any performed in an outpatient clinic (treatment of symptoms); the second two relate to multiphasic screening of which antenatal care was an early example; and the third pair are part of health education.Antenatal care in the United Kingdom is performed by a range of professionals-midwives, general practitioners, and hospital doctors.In many areas up to 70% of antenatal care is in the hands of general practitioners and community midwives.In some parts of the country midwives hold their own clinics outside the hospital.
Comparison of the Indocyanine Green Dye Method Versus the Combined Method of Indigo Carmine Blue Dye with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients with Stage I Or II Breast Cancer
Authors: N. Takemoto, A. Koyanagi, H. Yamamoto, K. Shimura, R. Fujii
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Response of relatively refractory canine myocardium to monophasic and biphasic shocks.
Authors: J P Daubert, D W Frazier, P D Wolf, M R Franz, W M Smith, R E Ideker
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Certain biphasic waveforms defibrillate at lower energies than monophasic waveforms, although the mechanism is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS The relative ability of monophasic and biphasic shocks to stimulate partially refractory myocardium was compared because defibrillation is thought to involve stimulating relatively refractory myocardial tissue. Shocks of 25-125 V were given during regularly paced rhythm in 11 open-chest dogs. Computerized recordings of shock potentials, and of activations before and after the shocks, were made at 117 epicardial sites. To quantify the shock field strength, the shock potential gradients were calculated at the electrode sites. Monophasic action potential (MAP) electrode recordings, obtained in five dogs, confirmed direct myocardial excitation by the shock, that is, activations beginning during the shock. Tissue was directly excited up to 4 cm from the shocking electrode, and the area directly excited increased as the shock was made stronger or given less prematurely. In six dogs, strength-interval curves for direct excitation were determined from plots of potential gradient versus refractoriness at each electrode site. The biphasic curves were located to the right of the monophasic curves by 8 +/- 4 msec, indicating a lesser ability to excite refractory myocardium. When the gradient at the directly excited border was at least 3.8 +/- 1 V/cm, conduction failed to propagate away from the directly excited zone after the shock, and MAP recordings made near the border showed a shock-induced graded response. This graded response, which prolonged repolarization, may have been responsible for the failure of conduction from the directly excited zone. Although better for defibrillating, the biphasic waveform was thus less effective than the monophasic one in exciting relatively refractory myocardium. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that waveform selection for defibrillation should not be guided solely by the ability of the waveform to stimulate tissue, as these two properties can be discordant.
Rates to the Association Meeting.
Authors: Daniel Lichty
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Rockford, Ill., March 22, 1894. <h3>To the Editor</h3> :—The encouragement being promulgated through theJournaland the Pacific Coast medical press to members of theAssociationto turn out and make the June meeting a grand success is in every way very commendable and proper; but to the large body of the rank and file of the medical profession—those who do not hold office in theAssociation; those who do not hold office under the United States Government, or under the government of some one of the larger transportation companies; for all the members living east of the Rockies or the Mississippi, the serious question confronting them is<i>transportation</i>. Distance makes this a very important factor toward securing an attendance. Time will be consumed in transit and attendance, to say nothing of sightseeing; and absence from home to most of us means arrest of income; which added to the ordinary
The Use of Drugs for Unlabeled Indications
Authors: Steven H. Erickson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A chart review of 500 drug uses during a three-month period in a family practice clinic showed that 46 (9.2%) were for indications not included in the Food and Drug Administration-approved labeling. Dipyridamole was the drug most frequently and consistently prescribed for unlabeled indications. On no occasion did the chart show that patients were informed that a drug was being prescribed for an unlabeled indication. Unlabeled indications most frequently encountered in the chart review were also frequently mistaken by family practice residents and faculty responding to a questionnaire as being included in FDA-approved labeling. The indications as listed in the manufacturers' literature (eg, package insert, Physician's Desk Reference) often do not reflect how drugs are used in clinical practice.
Pre-eclampsia is associated with an increase in trophoblast glycogen content and glycogen synthase activity, similar to that found in hydatidiform moles.
Authors: P D Arkwright, T W Rademacher, R A Dwek, C W Redman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Pre-eclampsia is a placental disorder, but until now, biochemical details of dysfunction have been lacking. During an analysis of the oligosaccharide content of syncytiotrophoblast microvesicles purified from the placental chorionic villi of 10 primigravid women with proteinuric pre-eclampsia, we found an excess of glycogen breakdown products. Further investigation revealed a 10-fold increase in glycogen content (223 +/- 117 micrograms glycogen/mg protein), when compared with controls matched for gestational age at delivery (23 +/- 18 micrograms glycogen/mg protein) (P < 0.01). This was confirmed by examination of electron micrographs of chorionic villous tissue stained for glycogen. The increase in glycogen content was associated with 16 times more glycogen synthase (1,323 +/- 1,013 relative to 83 +/- 96 pmol glucose/mg protein per min) (P < 0.001), and a threefold increase in glycogen phosphorylase activity (2,280 +/- 1,360 relative to 700 +/- 540 pmol glucose/mg protein per min; P < 0.05). Similar changes in glycogen metabolism were found in trophoblast microvesicles derived from hydatidiform moles. Glycogen accumulation in villous syncytiotrophoblast may be a metabolic marker of immaturity of this cell which is unable to divide. The implications of these findings with regard to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia are discussed.
Abstract 3354: Study of glioblastoma stem cell-like cancer stem cells on tumorigenesis and recurrence by multiple imaging modalities
Authors: Liang-Ting Lin, Shih-Hwa Chiou, Zhong Yun, Yi-Jang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract CD133 (Prominin-1) have been reported as one of CNS cancer stem cell markers, and is used for isolating cancer stem cells via fluorescence-activating cell sorting. However, more and more new evidence showed that CD133 cannot totally indicate to cancer stem cells, and the role of CD133 plays in glioblastoma still remains controversial. Here, we tend to use multiple imaging modalities to investigate CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells on tumorigenesis and recurrence in vivo. We sorted patient tumor-derived GBM cells by FACS with CD133-PE staining, and delivered multicistronic reporter system into each group of cells by lentivirus. The established cells stably expressed green fluorescent protein, firefly luciferase and thymidine kinase, and each of them was assayed in vitro. GFP expression was used for collecting cells with better reporter efficiency. Our in vitro results showed that CD133-positive cells revealed shorter doubling time and better transgene expression than CD133-negative cells. Furthermore, both groups of CD133 expression cells were xenografted orthotropically into left brain of NOD/SCID mice, and the tumorigenesis phenomenon were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and bioluminescence. Tumor formation was observed in both groups, suggested that CD133 may not be the key role in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma. Moreover, to demonstrate the relationship between cancer recurrence and cancer stem cells, we also treated the xenografted mice with ganciclovir to generate cytotoxicity by tk gene for 2 weeks, and in vivo imaging was recorded for upcoming 2 weeks. For future work, we plan to figure out whether the CD133 takes the most responsibility in tumor recurrence, and look forward to the other stemness-related markers such as Sox2, that may also provide a novel approach in cancer prognosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3354.
THE TREATMENT OF SPASMODIC ASTHMA.Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine and Physiology, at the Forty-second annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C, May 5-8, 1891.
Authors: J. F. JENKINS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

In dealing with this subject, it will be un necessary for me to enumerate the many remedies which are in vogue in the treatment of this obstinate and distressing disease; neither will it be necessary to mention the beneficial results which are often produced upon the patient's health by a change of climate. My object in the preparation of the paper is to bring to your notice a remedy which has, within the last few years, been prescribed for the purpose of mitigating the attacks of asthma. The remedy alluded to is euphorbia pilulifera, a plant which grows by the way-side in Australia, and which, according to Australian medical literature, has been used as a domestic remedy in the treatment of asthma and bronchial affections by the in habitants of that island. The universal experience of all who have practiced the healing art for a number of years is. that
Rifampicin prophylaxis for throat carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b in patients with invasive disease and their contacts.
Authors: G L Gilbert, S J MacInnes, I A Guise
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To determine rates of colonisation with Haemophilus influenzae type b among household contacts of children with invasive H influenzae type b disease; compliance among medical staff with recommendations for use of rifampicin prophylaxis; and effects of rifampicin treatment in H influenzae type b colonisation of patients and contacts.Prospective study of patients and their household contacts.Royal Children's Hospital (the major paediatric hospital) in Victoria, Australia, with catchment population of 4.2 million, including 300,000 children aged under 5 years.234 patients (age range 6 weeks to 8 years) with 235 episodes of all types of invasive H influenzae type b disease admitted during 1988-9 and their contacts.Positive cultures of H influenzae type b from throat swabs taken at admission and six weeks subsequently; recording of rifampicin prophylaxis.The percentage of patients with positive throat cultures fell from 69% (33/48) on day 1 of admission to 9% (4/47) after three days' treatment; at six weeks' follow up 32% (32/99) of patients who had not received rifampicin and 8% (5/61) who had, had positive throat cultures. Among household contacts, 33% (62/190) of children and 7% (25/359) of adults were colonised, and the colonisation rates were similar in contacts of patients with all types of H influenzae type b disease. Rifampicin prophylaxis was indicated in 85 families; in 34% it was not prescribed at all for contacts and in 41% not as recommended. The colonisation rates at follow up were significantly less in siblings given rifampicin (12%, 9/78), particularly in families in which all members were treated (3%), than in those in which they were not (36%) (odds ratio 21.5; 95% confidence interval 3.0 to 103.4).The rate of throat colonisation with H influenzae type b was similar among siblings of children with all types of invasive H influenzae type b disease. Colonisation in contacts can be reduced by rifampicin prophylaxis, but some contacts remained colonised or were recolonised by the time of follow up. Medical staff complied poorly with current recommendations for rifampicin prophylaxis, which reduces its intrinsically limited value in preventing H influenzae type b disease.
Management of Surgical Infections
Authors: John Z. Montgomerie
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book dealing with surgical infections is limited in its depth and scope, dealing with gastrointestinal infections, vascular graft infections, endocarditis, mediastinal infections, and nosocomial infections. There are introductory chapters on hospital epidemiology, host defenses, and clinical microbiology. In a book with this title we might have expected to see many chapters on infections that surgeons must manage. There is one chapter that seems to be misplaced: "Anaerobes and Intra-Abdominal Infections: A Skeptic's Viewpoint." After reviewing the limited evidence that<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>may not be a pathogen in experimental and clinical studies, the author concluded, "Additional evidence is necessary before the risk and cost of anaerobic-directed antibiotic therapy can be justified. The positive blood culture for<i>B fragilis</i>in the patient with intra-abdominal infection should properly be viewed as an indication for laparotomy and not as an indication for additional unproven antibiotic treatment." The author seems to ignore an extensive