tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contraception in diabetics.
Authors: G M Craig, J R Newton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

a period of 15 months, 578 patients were discharged from the wards of one geriatric unit at Queen's Hospital, Croydon, and of these only 16 (2 8%/') were readmitted within eight weeks of discharge.We examined carefully the arrangements made for the discharge and follow-up of these 16, in an attempt to identify possible preventable causes of rapid read- mission.They had previously been in hospital for a mean of 24-3 days (range 9-66 days).Eight readmissions were found to be unavoid- able owing to the development of new illness or an unpredictable exacerbation of previous illness.Only five patients came back within a week, and only three of these within 48 hours, which Dr Nasar and Professor Millard consider to be the crucial period.Of these three, two lived alone and relied on neighbours in addition to social services support.Both district nursing services and social services provided support as previously organised, and no patient was readmitted owing to failure of services.Our experience suggests that although it is important to reduce the length of stay of elderly people in hospital (6 June, p 1817), it is equally important to plan discharge very care- fully with the support of good social services, district nurses, and general practitioners; and if this is done there appears to be no need for a hospital-based visiting service or flying squad to cover the period immediately after discharge.In 13 of our patients readmission was asso- ciated with falls, confusion, or incontinence (or a combination of these).It might be more appropriate to consider a domiciliary visit to patients who develop these problems, than to expend time and manpower on routine visits to all patients after discharge.
THE EFFECTS OF AN EIGHT WEEK ANKLE INJURY PREVENTION PILOT PROGRAMME ON RECREATIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYERS BALANCE AND AGILITY: A WITHIN SUBJECT DESIGN
Authors: P Fisher, B Paton, E Mias
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background A protective effect from neuromuscular training (NMT) has been demonstrated in basketball (Cumps et al, 2007). However, only limited evidence exists linking NMT and improvements in performance (Noyes et al, 2012). Objectives The aim of this study was to assess for change in performance following the completion of an abridged version of an NMT programme aimed at reducing ankle injury rates in basketball players. Design A cohort trial where all players were evenly assessed and included in the programme. Settings Basketball players from two basketball institutions (High school league). 10 International- 14 non-international players (age 16–19 years). Participants 39 players initially: 34 (12F- 22M) in the end (5 drop-outs). Intervention Players were assessed on the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the Agility T Test (ATT) before they undertook 8 weeks of supervised progressive NMT that included balance tasks, jump tasks and cutting maneuvers. Subject's performance markers were re-tested upon completion of the programme. Main outcome measurements This study suggests that the supervised delivery of an 8-week NMT programme based on injury prevention in basketball results in significant improvements in performance markers. Results Statistically significant improvement in performance was seen in the SEBT in 11 of the 16 test directions following completion of the NMT (P≤.01). Composite SEBT values showed statistically significant improvement (P≤.05). Improvements in ATT were also seen upon completion of the NMT programme (P≤.05). Analysis of change in SEBT composite scores and ATT times showed no significant difference in improvement between sexes, injury history and playing level (P≥.05). Analysis of left and right legs in SEBT showed significant differences within subjects' Pre NMT (P≤.05), but Post NMT differences were no longer significant (P&gt;.05). Conclusion This program should be considered as a prevention tool during the pre-season and/or as a key part of the discharged criteria following an ankle injury.
Cerebrovascular Diseases in West Central India
Authors: P. M. Dalal, P. M. Shah, R. R. Aiyar, B. J. Kikani
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Cerebral angiographic findings in ischaemic stroke are described and discussed in detail. Though the Indian patients studied had altogether different social customs, living standards, and dietary habits from Western people, the relative incidence of various cerebral vascular lesions did not differ significantly. Irrespective of the poor nutritional status of the patients, thrombosis associated with atherosclerosis was chiefly responsible for a non-embolic cerebral infarction. Atherothrombosis in the young normotensive persons not showing any evidence of arteritis, diabetes mellitus, or hypercholesterolaemia was also identified.The grave risks involved in cerebral angiography in cases of acute stroke are re-emphasized.As to prognosis, the nutritional status, the type and territory of an ictal lesion, and the blood levels of sugar and cholesterol had no significant influence on the immediate survival-after a non-embolic cerebral infarction. However, a significantly greater number of deaths were encountered in the hypertensive patients. Female patients and patients with a large cerebral infarction had a poor prognosis.
The Charitable Trust as a Model for Genomic Biobanks
Authors: David E. Winickoff, Richard N. Winickoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Advances in bioinformatics and genetics have made collections of biologic specimens and medical information valuable for pharmacogenomic research.1 As a result, many large-scale data banks for genomics have emerged in the United States and abroad.2 These large sets of tissue and blood samples and health data have profound medical, legal, ethical, and social implications for privacy, individual and group autonomy, and benefits to communities.35 In the United States, a number of biotechnology companies are amassing samples — millions of them, in some cases — in private tissue banks.6 Many of these companies act as brokers of tissue and of . . .
Oral zinc supplements in non-responsive coeliac syndrome: effect on jejunal morphology, enterocyte production, and brush border disaccharidase activities.
Authors: P E Jones, T J Peters
Journal: Gut (1981)

Three patients with clinically mild non-responsive adult coeliac syndrome were treated for eight weeks with oral zinc sulphate, and detailed biochemical and morphological studies were performed on the jejunal mucosa before and on treatment. Plasma zinc levels were reduced before treatment and rose to normal levels with therapy; mucosal zinc was normal before treatment and increased after therapy. Oral zinc supplementation did not alter the villous morphology, intraepithelial lymphocyte count or in vitro enterocyte production rate. In addition, there was no improvement in the clinical status of the patients. There was, however, a small increase in the activity of certain of the brush border disaccharidases. This effect may be due to direct stabilisation of the brush border membrane. The clinical value of zinc supplements in coeliac syndrome remains to be determined.
New cell surface markers for murine fetal hepatic stem cells identified through high density complementary DNA microarrays
Authors: Dirk Nierhoff, Lauretta Levoci, Sigrid Schulte, Tobias Goeser, Leslie E. Rogler, David A. Shafritz
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Isolation of hepatic stem cells from the adult liver (AL) has not yet been achieved due to the lack of specific cell surface markers. To identify new surface markers for hepatic stem cells, we analyzed differences in the gene expression profile of embryonic day (ED) 13.5 fetal liver stem/progenitor cells (FLSPC) versus AL by complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray technology. Using FLSPC purified to >90% by immunomagnetic selection for E-cadherin and high density (27k) mouse cDNA microarrays, we identified 474 genes that are more strongly expressed in FLSPC (FLSPC-up genes) and 818 genes that are more strongly expressed in AL (AL-up genes). The most highly overrepresented gene ontology (GO) categories for FLSPC-up genes are nucleus, cellular proliferation, and cell cycle control. AL-up genes are overrepresented for genes in metabolic pathways for specific hepatic functions. We identified 24 FLSPC-up gene surface markers and 69 AL-up gene surface markers. Western blot studies confirmed the expression of the FLSPC-up gene neighbor of Punc E11 (Nope) in fetal liver, but expression was not detectable in AL. Immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of fetal liver demonstrated that Nope is specifically expressed on the surface of FLSPC within the fetal liver.This is the first microarray study to analyze the specific gene expression profile of purified murine FLSPC. Our analysis identified 24 new/potential cell surface markers for murine fetal hepatic stem cells, of which Nope may be particularly useful in future studies to identify, characterize and isolate hepatic stem cells from the AL.
Australians prepare to legislate on euthanasia
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Doctors who practise mercy killing could be protected under new legislation within 12 months, according to Australia's federal health minister, Senator Graham Richardson. He said that euthanasia took place in Australian hospitals every day and there needed to be a serious and informed debate on the issue.

“The thousands of doctors who do it, mostly at the request of families, are risking the full weight of the law every time,” Senator Richardson told a byelection meeting in …
A UNIQUE CASE OF VICARIOUS MENSTRUATION
Authors: D. H. Galloway
Journal: JAMA (1913)

About six years ago I was called to see a young woman who was suffering from an ulcer on each leg. Each ulcer was larger than a man's hand, not deep but excessively painful, and bled profusely. The edges were irregular in outline, not much inflamed and not raised. The legs were not swollen. For four years, despite various forms of treatment, these ulcers persisted in varying size, becoming especially large at the menstrual periods. I first tried irrigation of the ulcers with warm physiologic salt solution, several times daily, in the intervals covering them with a wet dressing of boric acid. The boric acid caused so much pain that a wet dressing of salt solution was substituted. In five or six days the ulcers were the size of a silver dollar, and ten days later one was closed, with a smooth, apparently thin skin, unlike an ordinary scar. One
Treatment of the Child with Recent Conversion of the Tuberculin Test to Positive
Authors: Charles V. Pryles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE indications for specific antimicrobial therapy for tuberculosis have undergone many changes since the early part of the past decade. This has led to the current consensus that such therapy should be an integral part of the treatment of all forms of active tuberculosis. More recently efforts have been made to broaden the indications further to include persons who have no evidence of tuberculosis other than positive tuberculin reactions and persons who are at special risk for the development of tuberculosis but who are nonreactors to tuberculin. Perhaps a semantic clarification might be useful at this point: at a panel . . .
Who or What Developed?
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

When Third World nations changed their designation from "underdeveloped" to "developing," they made it clear that there are nuances in the meaning of "development." In a different context, "developing" is proving to be a problem word in medical communications. Every medical editor is familiar with "the patient developed...," an expression that all too frequently recurs in case reports. Be it a symptom, a syndrome, or a sickness, the patient never tires of "developing" it—and the editor never tires of blue-penciling the transitive "developed." The patient, our stylebooks tell us, may develop an idea, a theme, a project, a skill—anything in which he is an<i>active</i>participant—but he cannot develop a sickness, a syndrome, a symptom, or any other process independent of his volition. Reluctant to seek substitutes for "developed," the editor frequently attempts to retain it by inverting the sentence so as to have the symptom, syndrome, or sickness "develop"
Lower blood pressure and risk of recurrent stroke in patients with chronic kidney disease: PROGRESS trial
Authors: T. Ninomiya, V. Perkovic, M. Gallagher, M. Jardine, A. Cass, H. Arima, C. Anderson, B. Neal, M. Woodward, T. Omae, S. MacMahon, J. Chalmers
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Only about 1 in 30 predictions of assault by discharged psychiatric patients will be correct
Authors: T. Palmstierna
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Developing world needs access to low cost pharmaceutical information from reliable sourcesEditor-Hafeez and Mirza have assessed how seriously (or not) pharmaceutical companies take their responsibility to provide information on request to prescribers in Pakistan. 1 Two of their conclusions are that "providing information on drugs is not a priority for companies in Pakistan" and that "the decision to respond to a request for more information therefore seems to depend on how favourable it might be to the interests of the company."These conclusions are particularly worrying because the biased information from drug companies is often the only type of information that prescribers have access to.The findings are in one respect an indictment of the pharmaceutical industry's approach in the developing world.But in another respect, the fact that most prescribers in the developing world do not have adequate access to reliable generic information is an indictment of the international health community.We cannot and should not expect the pharmaceutical industry to provide consistently unbiased information.What is needed is universal access to free or low cost information from a reliable source.As a basic source of reliable prescribing information, the British National Formulary is arguably the single most useful formulary for prescribers worldwide and is one of the BMJ Publishing Group's best sellers internationally.We applaud the recent decision to make the eBNF available on line. 2 If this facility is free it will be a benefit to some prescribers in developing countries, although the effort required to get information online will always be a barrier, even to those few who do have access.Low cost, printed formularies with a quality and objectivity parallel to those of the British National Formulary should be made affordable to all prescribers.Their value and use should be vigorously promoted, not just by the BMJ Publishing Group but by the international health community at large.
Rare ?-thalassemia mutations in Asian Indians
Authors: Sarita Agarwal, Y. Hattori, S.S. Agarwal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Among 365 carriers of β-thalassemia, 13 subjects remained uncharacterized after ARMS analysis. Among these 13 individuals, 8 mutations were identified by direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified product, which have not been described in Asian Indians earlier. These included (1) T-C substitution at IVS II position 591, a new β-thalassemia mutation which probably creates an alternative donor splice site in antisense strand; (2) the mutations CoD4 (T-A), CoD5 (C-T), CoD6 (G-T) at cis location; (3) CoD13 (C-T), CoD26 (G-A), CoD 27/28(−C) at cis location; (4) CoD 8 (A-G); (5) CoD30 (G-C); (6) CoD5 (−CT); (7) IVSI-1 (G-A); and (8) FS47/48 (+ATCT). The latter four have been described in other populations but are identified in Asian Indians for the first time. This completes the characterization of β-thalassemia mutations in 365 carriers of Asian Indian origin, enabling us to provide a comprehensive prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia in our population. Am. J. Hematol. 65:322–323, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Acute Pyelonephritis after Ovariotomy.
Authors: J. H. Voje
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Oconomowoc, Wis., April 10, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Mrs. F., aged 28 years, mother of five children came Jan. 3, 1898, for the removal of an ovarian cyst. The patient was in fair condition—weighing 130 pounds. She complained of the usual symptoms caused by the presence of a cyst only to a moderate degree. The usual very strict preparations were carried out by our nurses during the three days previous to the operation. The A.M. and P.M. temperature was normal and the interne found nothing abnormal about the urine, making several tests. A trial aspiration proved the contents of the cyst to be opaque and gelatinous, the cyst multilocular; there were no adhesions and a well formed pedicle. The operation consumed, therefore, but a short time, and the patient was in bed in twenty-five minutes. After the operation the patient complained of a great deal of pain in her back
Proteasome activity is required for the stage-specific transformation of a protozoan parasite.
Authors: J González, F J Ramalho-Pinto, U Frevert, J Ghiso, S Tomlinson, J Scharfstein, E J Corey, V Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

A prominent feature of the life cycle of intracellular parasites is the profound morphological changes they undergo during development in the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. In eukaryotic cells, most cytoplasmic proteins are degraded in proteasomes. Here, we show that the transformation in axenic medium of trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi into amastigote-like organisms, and the intracellular development of the parasite from amastigotes into trypomastigotes, are prevented by lactacystin, or by a peptide aldehyde that inhibits proteasome function. Clasto-lactacystin, an inactive analogue of lactacystin, and cell-permeant peptide aldehyde inhibitors of T. cruzi cysteine proteinases have no effect. We have also identified the 20S proteasomes from T. cruzi as a target of lactacystin in vivo. Our results document the essential role of proteasomes in the stage-specific transformation of a protozoan.
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor: A Beacon of Malignancy?
Authors: Ronny Drapkin, Adam Clauss, Steven Skates
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Discriminating between benign and malignant disease is a pivotal diagnostic issue in the care of women with pelvic masses. Identification of serum biomakers that can rellably make the distinction would aid in the proper referral for patient care and may provide leads in the development of early detection strategies.
Nigeria files criminal charges against Pfizer
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Officials in Nigeria have filed criminal and civil charges against Pfizer for its role in the deaths and disabilities of children who were treated with an experimental drug during a meningitis outbreak in Kano in 1996.

The charges, filed by government prosecutors in Nigeria, follow three attempts by families of the children to sue in US courts. All three attempts were denied after Pfizer successfully argued that the US courts were not an appropriate forum.

Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people, according to the Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com, 2 Jun, “Pfizer faces new charges over Nigerian drug test”). The plaintiffs also seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €7bn) in civil suits.

The charges stem from Pfizer's test of its unlicensed drug, trovafloxacin (Trovan) to treat 100 children with meningitis. A comparator group of 100 children were treated with a low dose of ceftriaxone. Suits on appeal in …
Cardiac energetics are abnormal in Friedreich ataxia patients in the absence of cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy: An in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: R Lodi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), the commonest form of inherited ataxia, is often associated with cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction is the most frequent cause of death. In 97%, FRDA is caused by a homoplasmic GAA triplet expansion in the FRDA gene on chromosome 9q13 that results in deficiency of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein of unknown function. There is evidence that frataxin deficiency leads to a severe defect of mitochondrial respiration associated with abnormal mitochondrial iron accumulation. To determine whether bioenergetics deficit underlies the cardiac involvement in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) we measured cardiac phosphocreatine to ATP ratio non-invasively in FRDA patients. Methods and results: Eighteen FRDA patients and 18 sex- and age-matched controls were studied using phosphorus MR spectroscopy and echocardiography. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in eight FRDA patients while fractional shortening was normal in all. Cardiac PCr/ATP in FRDA patients as a group was reduced to 60% of the normal mean (P<0.0001). In the sub-group of patients with no cardiac hypertrophy PCr/ATP was also significantly reduced (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Cardiac bioenergetics, measured in vivo, is abnormal in FRDA patients in the absence of any discernible deterioration in cardiac contractile performance. The altered bioenergetics found in FRDA patients without left ventricle hypertrophy implies that cardiac metabolic dysfunction in FRDA precedes hypertrophy and is likely to play a role in its development.
The elusive art of cannulation
Authors: M. Howard
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Why do veins roll on the back of the hand,

When at first careful glance so proud do they stand?

The tourniquet on, the blue ropes appear,

The Venflon advanced, but the cannula clear.

Why do veins roll with the reg. standing by?

But alone on the ward you can bet on first try.

Why did He give us the cubital fossa,

But duty demand the dorsum impossa?

Why do veins roll in patients you know?

Requiring that plea, ‘sorry, just one more go’.

So you try contralateral to find something new,

While still disbelieving the last one you blew.

Why do veins roll when they're held firm and tight,

And you've spied the plump mound that seems to be right,

Held fast by two forks and subcut. tissue aplenty?

There's still no flash-back, even with a gauge 20.

Why do veins roll at the close of the day?

When the team needs a break and the scrub nurse can't stay.

All eyes focus down on this pitiful student,

Who knows to beg help is the course that's most prudent.

‘Practice makes perfect’, they tell me again,

‘For the work of the novice is seldom in vein’.
958. Sleeping Beauty-Mediated Gene Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lalitha R. Belur, Tavanna Buske, Brent Sorensen, Kelly Podetz-Peterson, Daniel Saltzman, Perry B. Hackett, R. Scott McIvor
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system combines the advantages of non-viral plasmid based gene transfer with an integrative ability, thus leading to long term expression of the transgene. Our goal is to use the SB transposon system to deliver antiangiogenic and immunostimulatory genes, and to test their antitumor effectiveness in an animal model of colorectal cancer metastases to the liver.