tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a CD38-like 78-kilodalton soluble protein released from B cell lines derived from patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia.
Authors: R Mallone, S Ferrua, M Morra, E Zocchi, K Mehta, L D Notarangelo, F Malavasi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Studies on murine B lymphocytes showed that Bruton's tyrosine kinase mediates signal transduction induced via CD38, a nonlineage-restricted 45-kD ectoenzyme. This signaling is defective in B cells from X-linked immunodeficient mice affected with the analogue of human X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). We performed a structural and functional analysis of CD38 in XLA and other immunodeficiencies, using EBV-immortalized B cells derived from such patients. Membrane CD38 was not significantly different from controls in structure, epitope density, enzymatic activity, and internalization upon binding of agonistic mAbs. Meanwhile, an increased release of soluble CD38 from XLA cells was observed: immunoprecipitation from XLA culture media yielded a protein of approximately 78 kD (p78), reacting also in Western blot and displaying both enzymatic activities and a peptide map similar to membrane CD38. Soluble forms and homotypic aggregations of CD38 were documented in different cell models and by crystallographic analysis of the Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase, the ancestor of human CD38. p78 might represent the product of an altered turn-over of membrane CD38, a starting point for studying its association with Bruton's tyrosine kinase and its role in XLA and other B cell immunodeficiencies.
The psoas sign, hepatic angle, normal patients, and everyday practice
Authors: M. Moskowitz
Journal: Gut (1973)

While extensive previous references in the literature leave little doubt that disease in the posterior pararenal space can obliterate the psoas margin either in its entirety or in part, little work has been done to evaluate the frequency of when the psoas cannot be visualized in normal individuals. The data presented here indicate that as the right psoas can be expected to be absent in normal patients from 16 to 43% of the time, therefore one cannot `lean9 heavily on it as a clinical tool. On the other hand, absence of the left psoas margin on a single film in the proper clinical setting may be sufficient to draw one9s attention to the retroperitoneal space, more particularly the posterior pararenal space, as a possible site of abnormality. However, ancillary radiographic signs such as mass displacement, gas, calcium, or abnormal depositions of fat, should be carefully sought. Preservation of either or both psoas margins certainly does not exclude by any means significant extraperitoneal disease, as can be seen even in our small anecdotal series. The hepatic angle is absent with such frequency in normal patients that it too can only be of questionable value as a primary radiographic sign. In our normal group of patients the splenic angle was absent more frequently than it was present.
Pediatric Disorders of Feeding, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Authors: Marvin E. Ament
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book of 13 chapters attempts to cover all disorders of feeding, nutrition, and metabolism in pediatric patients. The chapters presented are "Nutritional Requirements as a Function of Age," "Foodstuffs for Infant Feeding," "Nutritional Assessment," "Infant Feeding Disorders," "Growth Failure Without Organic Disease," "Growth Abnormalities in Organic Disease," "Nutrition and the Central Nervous System," "Nutritional Effects on the Immunodefense and Blood-Forming Systems," "Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disorders," "Vitamin Deficiencies," "Mineral Deficiencies," "Disorders of Overnutrition," and "Nutritional Management of Inborn Errors of Metabolism." The book is quite readable and presented in a manner that is useful for the clinician. In the section on feeding disorders, there is a helpful section on history taking and a questionnaire that may be used in learning from the parents about the infant's eating skills and behavior. There are many useful charts and tables in the section on nutritional assessment that a clinician could refer to for
UNUSUALLY QUICK RASH FOLLOWING INJECTION OF DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN
Authors: LOUIS NEUWELT
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The usual length of time, elapsing between the subcutaneous injection of a dose of diptheria antitoxin and the following skin reaction is given by various writers as varying between twenty-four and seventy-two hours. The following case showed an unusually quick reaction: <h3>History.—</h3> M. K., boy, aged 6, was seen by me twenty-four hours after he was taken ill. I found him in bed with temperature 101.4 F., pulse 104, respiration 23, and complaining of difficulty in swallowing. A pharyngeal examination showed a typical picture of diphtheritic exudate on both tonsils and spreading partly up the pillars of the fauces. A later bacteriologic test by the New York City Department of Health confirmed the diagnosis of diphtheria. I immediately gave a subcutaneous injection of 3,000 units of diphtheria antitoxin of New York City Department of Health into the tissues of the abdominal wall, and after a few minutes left the patient.
Indocyanine Green Enables Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Lipid-Rich, Inflamed Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Claudio Vinegoni, Ion Botnaru, Elena Aikawa, Marcella A. Calfon, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Eduardo J. Folco, Vasilis Ntziachristos, Ralph Weissleder, Peter Libby, Farouc A. Jaffer
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Indocyanine green, a clinically approved near-infrared fluorescence imaging agent, rapidly targets atheromas for in vivo detection of lipid-rich, inflammatory plaques.
Metformin Associated With Lower Cancer Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gijs W.D. Landman, Nanne Kleefstra, Kornelis J.J. van Hateren, Klaas H. Groenier, Rijk O.B. Gans, Henk J.G. Bilo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Several studies have suggested an association between specific diabetes treatment and cancer mortality. We studied the association between metformin use and cancer mortality in a prospectively followed cohort.In 1998 and 1999, 1,353 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) study in the Netherlands. Vital status was assessed in January 2009. Cancer mortality rate was evaluated using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and the association between metformin use and cancer mortality was evaluated with a Cox proportional hazards model, taking possible confounders into account.Median follow-up time was 9.6 years, average age at baseline was 68 years, and average A1C was 7.5%. Of the patients, 570 died, of which 122 died of malignancies. The SMR for cancer mortality was 1.47 (95% CI 1.22-1.76). In patients taking metformin compared with patients not taking metformin at baseline, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for cancer mortality was 0.43 (95% CI 0.23-0.80), and the HR with every increase of 1 g of metformin was 0.58 (95% CI 0.36-0.93).In general, patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for cancer mortality. In our group, metformin use was associated with lower cancer mortality compared with nonuse of metformin. Although the design cannot provide a conclusion about causality, our results suggest a protective effect of metformin on cancer mortality.
Remarks on a Case of Mania with Phthisis: Pulmonary Fistula: Death: Necropsy
Authors: P. W. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (1886)

elbow.On her second visit, I fully flexed and pronated the forearm; the usual click was heard, and after that the pain and resistance on movement disappeared.This accident may occur to any young child, and is probably, like fracture of the clavicle, one of the commonest lesions of the upper extremity in early life.
Indian cabinet approves controversial community health training
Authors: D. Sachan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India’s cabinet has given the green light to a three and a half year course in community health that would produce a cadre of healthcare providers to work in primary healthcare centres across the country.

The approval came three years after the health ministry proposed the course. The idea had the support of a large number of experts in public health but faced resistance from the medical profession. A parliamentary panel on health condemned the course earlier this year.1 

“It feels like a long, hard battle has been won,” said Kunchala Shyamprasad, a cardiothoracic surgeon and former member of a government task force on medical education.

The graduates of the BSc Community Health course would provide ambulatory care and promote preventive care in the …
Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes secrete, apart from neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8, a second neutrophil-activating protein. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence identity with melanoma growth stimulatory activity.
Authors: J M Schröder, N L Persoon, E Christophers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Purification of monocyte-derived NAP-1/IL-8 by preparative reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC led to the detection of a second peak with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL)-activating (degranulation, chemotaxis) properties. The monokine responsible for this biological activity, which we tentatively termed NAP-3, could be purified to homogeneity by three different RP-HPLC steps. Tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis gave a single line at Mr 5.3 kD (NAP-1/IL-8 = 5.8 kD). NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis read as a major sequence (ASVATELRXCXLQT. .), which shows greater than 40% homology to that of NAP-1/IL-8. The sequence is identical to that found for the 13-kD moiety of melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA) and the product of the oncogene gro. Determination of neutrophil chemotactic activity of NAP-3 revealed a typical bell-shaped dose-response curve (ED50 = 2 ng/ml) with no significant neutrophil chemotactic activity at doses greater than 200 ng/ml. Also, in cytochalasin B-pretreated PMNL, NAP-3 elicited release of myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase. Crossdesensitization studies in PMNL enzyme release revealed crossreactivities with the NAP-1/IL-8-R on PMNL. NAP-3 (MGSA/gro) appears to represent the first member of the novel supergene family of beta-thromboglobulin-like host defense cytokines, which expresses both mitogenic as well as proinflammatory properties at the nanogram level.
Management of bleeding in early pregnancy in accident and emergency departments
Authors: G Gilling-Smith, P Toozs-Hobson, D J Potts, R Touquet, R W Beard
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Vaginal bleeding occurs in up to 20% of all pregnancies.1 Many women present to accident and emergency departments, rather than to general practitioners or antenatal clinics, because they provide open access on a 24 hour basis. Doctors in accident and emergency receive little training, however, in the management of gynaecological emergencies. We previously showed that the use of management guidelines and the provision of advisory leaflets to patients on discharge significantly enhanced the service provided to women with such bleeding, both by improving diagnostic accuracy and by reducing the numbers of unnecessary admissions or referrals.2 We examined the facilities provided by other accident and emergency departments in such cases.

We sent a questionnaire to 109 accident and emergency departments in England and Wales treating more than 20 000 new patients a year. We …
The Run on Tamiflu — Should Physicians Prescribe on Demand?
Authors: Allan S Brett, Abigail Zuger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A request for oseltamivir must be examined from both the perspective of individual patient–physician encounters and that of public health. Drs. Allan Brett and Abigail Zuger explain that the current supply of oseltamivir is inadequate to meet the demand that would arise in the event of an avian influenza pandemic.
Transsexuals win case for NHS funded surgery
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Background</h3> In the UK, studies suggest that the transition from hospital to home after an injury can be a difficult time and many patients report feeling inadequately prepared. Patients often use primary care services after hospital discharge. These consultations provide opportunities to consider problems that patients experience and to facilitate recovery. Little is known, however, about how patients and service providers view care after hospital discharge and the role played by primary care services, specifically GPs. <h3>Aim</h3> To identify good practice and unmet needs in respect of post-discharge support for injured patients. <h3>Design and setting</h3> Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews at four sites (Bristol, Leicester/Loughborough, Nottingham, and Surrey). <h3>Method</h3> Qualitative interviews with 40 service providers and 45 hospitalised injured patients. <h3>Results</h3> Although there were examples of well-managed hospital discharges, many patients felt they were not provided with the information they needed about their injury, what to expect in terms of recovery, pain control, return to work, psychological problems, and services to help meet their needs. They also described difficulty accessing services such as physiotherapy or counselling. Service providers identified problems with communication between secondary and primary care, lack of access to physiotherapy, poor communication about other services that may help patients, GP service and resource constraints, and difficulties in providing information to patients concerning likely prognosis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Discharge from hospital after an injury can be problematic for patients. Changes in both secondary and primary care are required to resolve this problem.
Hepatitis C virus variants resistant to macrocyclic NS3-4A inhibitors subvert IFN-β induction by efficient MAVS cleavage
Authors: Christoph Welsch, Katrin Haselow, Jérôme Gouttenoire, Markus Schneider, Kenichi Morikawa, Yolanda Martinez, Simone Susser, Christoph Sarrazin, Stefan Zeuzem, Iris Antes, Darius Moradpour, Christian M. Lange
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Sleep stage influences the hemodynamic response to obstructive apneas.
Authors: E Garpestad, J Ringler, J A Parker, S Remsburg, J W Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Blood pressure (BP) rises at the termination of obstructive episodes in patients with sleep apnea. Although the relationship of these BP elevations to oxygen saturation (SaO2) and arousal has been explored, the influence of sleep stage is undefined. To examine the effects of sleep stage on the postapnea BP elevation, we enrolled 12 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and successfully collected data from seven of these (all male). Subjects slept overnight in the sleep laboratory, with full sleep and respiratory monitoring. Arterial pressure was assessed continuously with a radial artery catheter (six patients) or with digital photoplethysmography (one patient). Apneas occurring in both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep were matched for duration and degree of desaturation. When mean arterial pressure (MAP) at termination of apneas during NREM sleep associated with SaO2 nadirs 78 to 82% (NREM 80%) was compared with MAP following apneas in REM with the same SaO2 nadir (REM 80%), there was a significant difference (NREM 80% 122 +/- 15.3 mm Hg, REM 80% 132 +/- 11.0; p = 0.0109). We also analyzed the effect of oxygen desaturation on MAP during REM sleep, by comparing events with SaO2 nadirs of 78 to 82% with events with nadirs of < 75% (REM < 75%). In REM, further desaturation was associated with significant lengthening of the obstructive episodes and significantly higher postapnea BP increases (REM 75% 143 +/- 19.9 mm Hg, p = 0.0392). We conclude that sleep stage alters the hemodynamic response to obstructive apneas during sleep.
Beta-blocking antianginal agent does not change pain threshold and beta-endorphin level in patients with silent myocardial ischemia
Authors: Bonpei Takase, Akira Kurita, Hiroyuki Hikita, Akimi Uehata, Tomoo Nagai, Kimio Satomura, Kazusige Isojima, Haruo Nakamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Proteasome inhibitors and cardiac cell growth
Authors: N. Hedhli, C. Depre
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been described in different models of cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac cell growth in response to pressure or volume overload, as well as physiological adaptive hypertrophy, is accompanied by an increase in protein ubiquitination, proteasome subunit expression, and proteasome activity. Importantly, an inhibition of proteasome activity prevents and reverses cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling in vivo. The focus of this review is to provide an update about the mechanisms by which proteasome inhibitors affect cardiac cell growth in adaptive and maladaptive models of cardiac hypertrophy. In the first part, we summarize how the proteasome affects both proteolysis and protein synthesis in a context of cardiac cell growth. In the second part, we show how proteasome inhibition can prevent and reverse cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling in response to different conditions of overload.
The Synthetic Triterpenoids CDDO-Methyl Ester and CDDO-Ethyl Amide Prevent Lung Cancer Induced by Vinyl Carbamate in A/J Mice
Authors: Karen Liby, Darlene B. Royce, Charlotte R. Williams, Renee Risingsong, Mark M. Yore, Tadashi Honda, Gordon W. Gribble, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Thomas A. Sporn, Michael B. Sporn
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract We report the first use of new synthetic triterpenoids to prevent lung cancer in experimental animals. Female A/J mice were treated with the mutagenic carcinogen vinyl carbamate, which induces adenocarcinoma of the lung in all animals within 16 weeks. If mice were fed either the methyl ester or the ethyl amide derivative of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-ME and CDDO-EA, respectively), beginning 1 week after dosing with carcinogen, the number, size, and severity of lung carcinomas were markedly reduced. The mechanisms of action of CDDO-ME and CDDO-EA that are germane to these in vivo findings are the following results shown here in cell culture: (a) suppression of the ability of IFN-γ to induce de novo formation of nitric oxide synthase in a macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, (b) induction of heme oxygenase-1 in these RAW cells, and (c) suppression of phosphorylation of the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 as well as induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2414–9]
Prognostic impact of telomere maintenance gene polymorphisms on hepatocellular carcinoma patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Seok Won Jung, Neung Hwa Park, Jung Woo Shin, Bo Ryung Park, Chang Jae Kim, Jong-Eun Lee, Eun-Soon Shin, Jeong A Kim, Young-Hwa Chung
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Our goal was to determine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of telomere maintenance genes influence the development and clinical outcomes of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated 20 SNPs of five telomere maintenance genes in 702 patients with HCC and 351 hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive controls without HCC. Significant SNPs were then validated in an independent cohort of 857 HCC patients and 429 controls. We assessed the association of each SNP with the development of HCC and overall survival through a multivariate Cox proportional analysis. A significantly increased risk of HCC development was identified for the telomerase-associated protein 1 ( TEP1 ) rs1713449 SNP in both the discovery and replication phases (combined odds ratio = 1.42, P = 9.378 × 10−5). In addition, the TEP1 rs1713449, TEP1 rs872072, protection of telomeres 1 homolog rs7784168, telomerase reverse transcriptase rs13167280, and telomeric repeat binding factor 1 rs2306494 SNPs had a significant effect on the overall survival, and a similar survival effect was validated in the replication cohort. Moreover, there was a significant dose-dependent association between the number of putatively high-risk genotypes of the five aforementioned SNPs and overall survival. The median survival time was significantly prolonged for patients with HCC with two or fewer putatively high-risk genotypes versus those with three or more high-risk genotypes (85 versus 44 months, log-rank P = 4.483 × 10−5), and this was demonstrated in the replication cohort (52 versus 37 months, log-rank P = 0.026). Conclusion : These observations suggest that the SNPs of telomere maintenance genes play a potential role in the development of HCC and the survival of HCC patients with chronic HBV infections. (Hepatology 2014;59:1912–1920)
General-practitioner's Letter
Authors: R. de Alarcon, J. M. Hodson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

I have in my possession a medical card, issued in 1914, the back of which makes interesting reading and, I feel, is worth quoting."The Committee require an injured person to comply with the following rules as to conduct."(a) He shall obey the instructions of the practitioner attending him." (b) He shall not conduct himself in a manner which is likely to retard his recovery." (c) He shall not make unreasonable demands upon the practitioner attending him." (d) He shall, whenever his condition permits, attend at the surgery of the practitioner attend- ing him on such days and at such hours as may be appointed by the practitioner." (e
Hepatic Coma Due to Liver Metastases
Authors: G. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1965)

JOURINALof Tristan da Cunha.'Our findings were based on general clinical examinations of the islanders carried out during the first three months of their period of involuntary exile in England.Some of the findings of a specialized psychiatric and sociological inquiry have now been published by Rawnsley and Loudon.'We should like to draw attention to certain important discrepancies between these find- ings and our own impressions of the mental state of the Tristan people.We reported that they were ". . .noticeably free, with very few exceptions, of anxieties and worries.... Rawnsley and Loudon had the opportunity to make an intensive study over the subsequent months.It was found that there were four current cases (2.1%) of psychotic disorder, and that 240/%, of the adults suffered from headache precipitated by anxiety and worry.This symptom was endemic both on Tristan and in England.There was also shown to be a most interest- ing association between the occurrence of headache at the present day and the occur- rence of an epidemic of hysteria which affected over 10% of the population in 1937When they arrived here their polite friendliness in a new and strange environment, together with mounting nostalgia, led them to present an idealized picture of them- selves and their life on Tristan which more detailed study has corrected.