tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antidepressants in the treatment of patients with COPD: possible associations between smoking cigarettes, COPD and depression
Authors: E J Wagena, M J H Huibers, C P Van Schayck
Journal: Thorax (2001)

The antidepressants bupropion and nortriptyline are effective agents in stimulating smoking cessation.1-4 The mechanism by which bupropion and nortriptyline act as smoking cessation aids is unknown, as is its exact mechanism of antidepressant activity. What we do know is that the effects on smoking cessation are not produced through the treatment of depression itself.1-4 Bupropion and nortriptyline are thought to produce their therapeutic antidepressant effects via inhibition of the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline and/or dopamine. Furthermore, the effects of nicotine are supposed to occur through the stimulation of dopaminergic pathways. Because (1) smoking cigarettes is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (2) smoking cessation is the main preventive measure in reducing the decline in lung function in patients at all stages of COPD, and (3) patients with COPD can be characterised as a population of chronically ill patients with a higher than normal prevalence of psychiatric disorders, the use of antidepressants in the treatment of these patients …
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Therapy for Mucopolysaccharidosis VII: Involvement of Cross-Correction in Wide-Spread Distribution of the Gene Products and Long-Term Effects of CTLA-4Ig Coexpression
Authors: Motomichi Kosuga, Satori Takahashi, Kyoko Sasaki, Xiao-Kang Li, Masayuki Fujino, Hirofumi Hamada, Seiichi Suzuki, Masao Yamada, Nobutake Matsuo, Torayuki Okuyama
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Recombinant adenoviruses expressing human b-glucuronidase (AxCAhGUS) and CTLA-4Ig (AxCACTLA-4Ig) were generated and therapeutic efficacy was investigated using a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPSVII). Seven days after the intravenous administration of AxCAhGUS, high levels of b-glucuronidase (GUSB) activity were observed in the liver, spleen, heart, lung, kidney, and serum, while viral DNA was predominantly detected in the liver. To investigate the contribution of in vivo cross-correction of GUSB between the liver and other organs, we injected the serum obtained from the transduced mice into untreated MPSVII mice. Similar distributions of GUSB activity were observed in the serum-injected mice, suggesting that GUSB activities detected in the extrahepatic organs were due to the cross-correction rather than the direct gene transduction. This result also suggested that maintaining high levels of GUSB in the systemic circulation was essential for the effective treatment of MPSVII. To achieve this, we injected AxCAhGUS and AxCACTLA-4Ig into MPSVII mice. Serum GUSB activity was sustained at high levels for more than 200 days and morphological normalization of the liver and spleen was observed for a year. This suggests that long-term therapeutic efficacy in visceral organs of MPSVII is achievable by coexpression of CTLA-4Ig through an in vivo cross-correction pathway. Recombinant adenoviruses expressing human b-glucuronidase (AxCAhGUS) and CTLA-4Ig (AxCACTLA-4Ig) were generated and therapeutic efficacy was investigated using a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPSVII). Seven days after the intravenous administration of AxCAhGUS, high levels of b-glucuronidase (GUSB) activity were observed in the liver, spleen, heart, lung, kidney, and serum, while viral DNA was predominantly detected in the liver. To investigate the contribution of in vivo cross-correction of GUSB between the liver and other organs, we injected the serum obtained from the transduced mice into untreated MPSVII mice. Similar distributions of GUSB activity were observed in the serum-injected mice, suggesting that GUSB activities detected in the extrahepatic organs were due to the cross-correction rather than the direct gene transduction. This result also suggested that maintaining high levels of GUSB in the systemic circulation was essential for the effective treatment of MPSVII. To achieve this, we injected AxCAhGUS and AxCACTLA-4Ig into MPSVII mice. Serum GUSB activity was sustained at high levels for more than 200 days and morphological normalization of the liver and spleen was observed for a year. This suggests that long-term therapeutic efficacy in visceral organs of MPSVII is achievable by coexpression of CTLA-4Ig through an in vivo cross-correction pathway.
Effects of a cardiac glycoside in combination with propranolol on the ischemic heart of conscious dogs.
Authors: S F Vatner, H Baig, W T Manders, P A Murray
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The effects of coronary occlusion and of subsequent propranolol and ouabain administration were examined in 12 conscious dogs. Overall left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by measurement of LV pressure and dP/dt, and regional myocardial function was assessed by measurements of segment length (SL), velocity of SL shortening and regional myocardial "work," i.e., pressure-length loops in normal and moderately and severely ischemic zones. Regional intramyocardial electrograms were measured at the same sites as function along with regional myocardial blood flow as determined by the radioactive microsphere technique. Coronary occlusion resulted in graded loss of function from the normal to severely ischemic zones, along with graded flow reductions and graded elevation of the ST segment. Propranolol, 1 mg/kg, depressed overall LV function and function in the normal zone more than in ischemic zones. Propranolol reduced flow to the normal zone and increased flow to ischemic zones, while not affecting ST-segment elevation significantly. In the presence of occlusion and propranolol, ouabain, 20 microgram/kg, improved overall LV function as well as regional function in the normal, moderately ischemic and severely ischemic zones. In addition, ouabain reduced ST elevation and increased blood flow further in moderately and severely ischemic zones. Most strikingly, ouabain returned normal systolic shortening to eight severely ischemic segments which were previously akinetic.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients during hospital construction: Before and after chemoprophylaxis and institution of HEPA filters
Authors: Ilana Oren, Nohad Haddad, Renato Finkelstein, Jacob M. Rowe
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Between September 1993 and December 1993, during extensive hospital construction and indoor renovation, a nosocomial outbreak of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurred in acute leukemia patients treated in a regular ward that has only natural ventilation. The observed infection rate was 50%. Chemoprophylaxis with intravenous continuous low‐dose amphotericin B was then instituted as a preventive measure. During the next 18 months invasive pulmonary aspergillosis developed in 43% of acute leukemia patients. After that period a new hematology ward was opened with an air filtration system through high‐efficiency particulate air filtration (HEPA) filters, and a bone marrow transplantation program was started on the hematology service. During the following three years, none of the acute leukemia or bone marrow transplantation patients who were hospitalized exclusively in the hematology ward developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, although 29% of acute leukemia patients who were housed in a regular ward, because of shortage of space in the new facility, still contracted invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Overall, 31 patients were diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis during almost five years: 74% of patients recovered from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and 42% are long‐term survivors; 26% of patients died of resistant leukemia with aspergillosis, but no one died of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis alone. In conclusion, during an on‐going construction period, an extremely high incidence rate of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in acute leukemia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy was observed. Institution of low‐dose intravenous amphotericin B prophylaxis marginally reduced the incidence rate of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Keeping patients in a special ward with air filtration through a HEPA system eliminated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis completely. Among patients who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, early diagnosis and treatment are probably the explanation for the favorable outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 66:257–262, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
US study criticized for experimentation with premature infants
Authors: S. M. Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Recently there have been strong, public arguments in the United States criticizing the lack of informed consent concerning risks in a US National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded multi-center study called SUPPORT, which randomized 1316 extremely premature babies—average weight 2 lb, average gestation 26 weeks—to be maintained at higher (91-95%) or lower (85-89%) oxygen saturation levels after delivery. Conversely, investigators involved in this study, some ethicists, the NIH Director and his top officials and others, including medical journals, have staunchly defended this lack of informed consent. What underlies this sharp disagreement? Central to this dispute are conflicting views as to whether SUPPORT and similar studies are more like experiments or more like the existing standards of care.

In March, the US government’s Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP), pursuant to a complaint about the SUPPORT study two years ago, concluded its investigation with a letter1 to the lead site in the trial, the University of Alabama in Birmingham (UAB), criticizing multiple instances of the lack of information about risks in the consent forms,2 compared with the discussion of such risks in the protocol for the study.3

In particular, the study protocol makes clear that …
A touch of class
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Genteel poverty, the subject of a great deal of English literature, is a thing of the past, not only because of the decline of gentility in general, but because the inflation of the 1960s and 1970s put paid to the very possibility of it once and for all. Now there are only lack of money and inability to buy what you want.

Cranford , still Mrs Gaskell’s most popular book, is peopled by the genteel poor, almost all of them female. Of course, they are not really poor in the absolute sense, such as the industrial working classes of the time were. For example, all of Cranford’s impoverished gentlefolk have …
Abstract P1-08-15: Prognostic value of five different histologic scoring systems for tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer in luminal type breast cancer
Authors: P Sinn, Z Elsawaf, G Kaip, J Heil, S Aulmann, F Marmé, A Schneeweiss
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Complete pathologic tumor regression (pCR) and molecular tumor characteristics are the major determinants for the outcome of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Recently, we have raised the question, if complete pathologic tumor regression (pCR) is a reliable endpoint in cohorts with an abundance of luminal subtypes (Marmé et al., Int J Cancer 2013). Therefore, we have compared the prognostic value of different histologic scoring systems for the evaluation of partial tumor regression in luminal type breast cancer in this study. Methods: We retrospectivly reviewed tumor resection specimens of the GEDOC/GEsDOC (Schneeweiss et al., Eur J Cancer 2004) and H3E-MC-S080 (Schneeweiss et al., Ann Oncol 2010) clinical trials. Histologic tumor regression was scored according to five different regression scoring systems (Sataloff, Miller-Payne, RCB score, Sinn, and NSABP). Molecular subtypes were classified according to established immunohistologic definitions of intrinsic subtypes. Results: A total of 152 luminal type breast cancers were available for histologic evaluation (139 with HER2 negative and 13 with HER2 positive phenotype). Median follow-up was 63 months (9-105). pCR was observed in 10 patients according to the NSABP criteria. Overall survival was significantly better for patients with complete or near complete response (RCB class 0, 1) compared to moderate or extensive residual disease (RCB class 2, 3) with 5-y OAS of 97.6%+/- 1.6% vs. 81.7%+/-6.7% (p&amp;lt;0.001). Tumor response in lymph nodes (Sataloff lymph node score) was of similar prognostic value with 5-y OAS of 96.6%+/-2.3% (NA and NB responses) vs. 84.1%+/-5.6% (NC and ND responses, p&amp;lt;0.005). However, scores based on tumor cellularity (Miller-Payne or Sataloff tumor score) could not reliably identify prognostic subgroups. The Sataloff ND category of patients with viable lymph node metastasis and no therapeutic effect identified the worst outcome group (5-y OAS 69.2%+/-20.7%). In multivariate analyses only the RCB score and the HER2 status remained predictive parameters for survival (both p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions: In luminal type breast cancers, the use of regression scoring systems that include the lymph node status (RCB score and Sataloff LN score) was superior to scoring systems which are based solely on tumor cellularity such as the Miller-Payne system. The HER2 status was of independent significance. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-15.
Increase of dendritic cells of type 2 (DC2) by altered response to IL-4 in atopic patients
Authors: Yuko Uchida, Kazuhiro Kurasawa, Hiroshi Nakajima, Noriaki Nakagawa, Emiko Tanabe, Makoto Sueishi, Yasushi Saito, Itsuo Iwamoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Arrhythmogenicity of the hypertrophied and senescent heart and relationship to membrane proteins involved in the altered calcium handling
Authors: F Carre, F Rannou, C Sainte Beuve, B Chevalier, J M Moalic, B Swynghedauw, D Charlemagne
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Arrhythmogenicity of the hypertrophied and senescent heart and relationship to membrane proteins involved in the altered calcium handling Get access F Carré, F Carré INSERM U127, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: F Carré, F Rannou, C Sainte Beuve, B Chevalier, J M Moalic, B Swynghedauw, D Charlemagne. Correspondence to Dr Charlemagne. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F Rannou, F Rannou INSERM U127, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: F Carré, F Rannou, C Sainte Beuve, B Chevalier, J M Moalic, B Swynghedauw, D Charlemagne. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C Sainte Beuve, C Sainte Beuve INSERM U127, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: F Carré, F Rannou, C Sainte Beuve, B Chevalier, J M Moalic, B Swynghedauw, D Charlemagne. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B Chevalier, B Chevalier INSERM U127, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: F Carré, F Rannou, C Sainte Beuve, B Chevalier, J M Moalic, B Swynghedauw, D Charlemagne. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J M Moalic, J M Moalic INSERM U127, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: F Carré, F Rannou, C Sainte Beuve, B Chevalier, J M Moalic, B Swynghedauw, D Charlemagne. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B Swynghedauw, B Swynghedauw INSERM U127, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: F Carré, F Rannou, C Sainte Beuve, B Chevalier, J M Moalic, B Swynghedauw, D Charlemagne. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D Charlemagne D Charlemagne INSERM U127, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France: F Carré, F Rannou, C Sainte Beuve, B Chevalier, J M Moalic, B Swynghedauw, D Charlemagne. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 10, October 1993, Pages 1784–1789, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.10.1784 Published: 01 October 1993 Article history Received: 09 February 1993 Accepted: 05 July 1993 Published: 01 October 1993
Pancreatitis and Phenformin
Authors: HENRY WILDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1972Pancreatitis and PhenforminHENRY WILDE, M.D., F.A.C.P.HENRY WILDE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-2-324_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Phenformin therapy may be associated with a metallic taste, anorexia, nausea, and occasional diarrhea with abdominal cramps. This is adequately discussed in the drug's package insert. A recent review of chronic pancreatitis (1) fails to mention phenformin or other oral hypoglycemic agents as possible causes of pancreatitis. The University Group Diabetes Program (2) and a recent rebuttal (3) have scrutinized phenformin and its possible association with a higher incidence of cardiovascular deaths, but neither report mentioned any cases of relapsing pancreatitis. We report briefly our recent experience with a patient with early-maturity-onset diabetes who was managed with...References1. STRUM W and SPIRO H: Chronic pancreatitis. Ann Intern Med 74:264-277, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KNATTERUD G, MEINERT C, and KLIMT C: Effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. IV. A preliminary report on phenformin results. JAMA 217:777-784, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. TZAGOURNIS M and REYNERTSON R: Mortality from coronary heart disease during phenformin therapy. Ann Intern Med 76:587-592, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HENRY WILDE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Medical Service U.S. Diplomatic Mission Medical Unit and U.S. Army Hospital Bangkok, Thailand PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA systematic review of acute pancreatitis as an adverse event of type 2 diabetes drugs: from hard facts to a balanced positionDrug-Induced PancreatitisDrug-Induced Gastrointestinal DisordersDrug-induced pancreatitis: A critical reviewEtiology of Acute PancreatitisDrug-induced gastrointestinal diseasePhenformin and Hyperamylasemia in Lactic AcidosisLYDIA A. CONLAY, M.D., JOSEPH E. LOEWENSTEIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Phenformin-Associated PancreatitisHERBERT S. CHASE Jr., M.D., GLEN R. MOGAN, M.D.Phenformin and PancreatitisALEXANDER A. LEVITAN, M.D., M.P.H. 1 August 1972Volume 77, Issue 2Page: 324-324KeywordsChronic pancreatitisDiarrheaDrugsHypoglycemicsNauseaPancreatitisTaste ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ternary complexes of amphiphilic polycaprolactone-graft-poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), DNA and polyglutamic acid-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) for gene delivery
Authors: Shutao Guo, Yuanyu Huang, Wendi Zhang, Weiwei Wang, Tuo Wei, Daoshu Lin, Jinfeng Xing, Liandong Deng, Quan Du, Zicai Liang, Xing-Jie Liang, Anjie Dong
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Swiss government considers stricter laws on assisted suicide
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Swiss Government is considering new laws that are likely to make it harder for foreigners to travel to clinics, such as Dignitas, to get help to end their life.

Recently the British conductor Edward Downes and his wife, Joan, used the services of Dignitas. Unlike his wife, Sir Edward, 85, did not have a terminal illness.

In June the Swiss justice minister, Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, announced that two different draft pieces of legislation would be considered in parliament this autumn. “One is a complete ban on assisted suicide, and one is the introduction of stricter, clearer legislation,” she said.

Currently it is legal in Switzerland to assist in a suicide unless …
CHEMOTHERAPY IN INFECTIONS OF THE BONES AND SOFT TISSUES
Authors: REX L. DIVELEY
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In January 1941, at the ninth annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in New Orleans, a report was made describing the results obtained in the treatment of infections of bone by the systemic administration and the local implantation of sulfathiazole. Since the general principles on which this method was based were thoroughly covered in this preliminary report, this discussion is limited to the presentation of additional data on the use of sulfathiazole in the treatment of infections in bones and soft tissues, which data have accumulated since that time. The plan of treatment for osteomyelitis advised in the preliminary report was as follows: first, systemic administration of sulfathiazole in sufficient dosage to secure a blood concentration of approximately 5 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters several days before operation, thorough débridement of the infected area, implantation of sulfathiazole crystals into the wound, primary closure and application of a
Dictionary of Medical Eponyms
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Of all the elements that make up the language of medicine, surely eponyms are the most impertinent, intrusive, irrelevant, and exasperating. To spell and pronounce correctly the whole multinational melange of surnames in the modern medical lexicon would be a feat of almost superhuman linguistic virtuosity. Students of medical history tell us that many of the eponyms in current use honor the wrong people as discoverers or inventors of the things named. Virtually all eponyms are semantically inert, and those that seem to mean something (Head zones, Moon molars, Quick test, Sippy diet) do not. Some include given names and may be so alphabetized (Argyll Robertson pupil under A, Grey Turner's sign underG). Unstable onomastic conventions add further confusion: Quervain or de Quervain, Recklinghausen or von Recklinghausen, Cajal or Ramon y Cajal?  Despite these objections to their use, eponyms continue to flourish and multiply, perhaps because they introduce a
Pulmonary oxidative stress response in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: J. Hull, P. Vervaart, K. Grimwood, P. Phelan
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that oxidative stress contributes to lung injury in cystic fibrosis. There is, however, no direct evidence of increased pulmonary oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis nor of the effects of inflammation on the major pulmonary antioxidant, glutathione. A study was undertaken to measure these parameters in infants and young children in the presence or absence of pulmonary inflammation. METHODS: Thirty two infants and young children with cystic fibrosis of mean (SD) age 21.4 (15.3) months (range 2-54) and seven non-cystic fibrosis control subjects of mean (SD) age 21.0 (21.2) months (range 2-54) were studied using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). On the basis of the BAL findings the cystic fibrosis group was divided into those with (CF-I) and those without pulmonary inflammation (CF-NI). Levels of lipid hydroperoxide, total glutathione, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were then measured in the BAL fluid. RESULTS: The concentrations of lipid hydroperoxide and gamma-GT in the epithelial lining fluid were significantly increased in the CF-I group compared with the control and CF-NI groups, each of which had similar values for these parameters (ratio of geometric means for CF-I group versus control for lipid hydroperoxide 5.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 to 15.8) and for gamma-GT 5.2 (95% CI 1.4 to 19.4)). The glutathione concentration tended to be lower in the CF-I subjects but the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the airways in patients with cystic fibrosis are exposed to increased oxidative stress which appears to be a consequence of pulmonary inflammation rather than part of the primary cystic fibrosis defect. The increase in gamma-GT in the CF-I group suggests a mechanism by which extracellular glutathione could be utilised by airway epithelial cells.