tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New formula predicts risk of prostate cancer relapse
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Urologists have devised a formula that predicts the risk of a recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. The algorithm facilitates an accurate assessment of a patient's life expectancy and the development of individualised treatment plans.

A team from the Johns Hopkins University Hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland, studied 1997 men who had radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancer between 1982 and 1997. None of the patients received adjuvant hormone or radiation treatment. The men were followed for an average of 5.3 years, with more than 10000 patient …
Social attention need not equal social intention: From attention to intention in early word learning
Authors: Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Elizabeth Hennon, Roberta M. Golinkoff, Khara Pence, Rachel Pulverman, Jenny Sootsman, Shannon Pruden, Mandy Maguire
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Bloom's eloquent and comprehensive treatment of early word learning holds that social intention is foundational for language development. While we generally support his thesis, we call into question two of his proposals: (1) that attention to social information in the environment implies social intent, and (2) that infants are sensitive to social intent at the very beginnings of word learning.
Fatal Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Associated with Persistent Epstein-Barr Virus in Four Brothers
Authors: Rosemarie Donhuijsen-Ant
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Three brothers from one family died of Hodgkin disease and a fourth brother from a diffuse malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This patient exhibited a constant deficiency of serum immunoglobulins and elevated antibody titers to Epstein-Barr viral antigens. Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences were detected in DNA isolated from lymph node biopsies from two of the patients. Initially, no abnormalities in the numbers of B and T cells could be detected. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients did not react in the mixed lymphocyte culture assay. We suggest that an immune deficiency to Epstein-Barr virus may favor the proliferation of malignant lymphocytes after Epstein-Barr viral infection. Monoclonal lymphoid B cell lines established spontaneously in vitro from a lymph node biopsy specimen and from peripheral blood specimens from two of the patients. The cells harbor Epstein-Barr viral DNA sequences in multiple genome equivalents and express Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen. The cells contain a tenfold increased level of c-fgr-related RNA transcripts compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy adults. No obvious amplifications or translocations of the c-myc, c-abl, or c-fgr gene could be detected.
Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death using implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: J. M McComb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended that implantable cardioverter defibrillators should be routinely considered for patients who have survived ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia with haemodynamic compromise for secondary prevention of arrhythmic death. It also recommends it in certain patients who have not yet had a serious arrhythmic event but who are at high risk of sudden cardiac death as primary prevention. This second group comprises mainly patients who have survived a myocardial infarction. Only a tiny minority of these patients is currently being investigated and treated with implantable defibrillators.

After an infarction, impaired ventricular function with an ejection fraction of 35% or less, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (three beats or more) on ambulatory 24 hour monitoring, and inducible ventricular tachycardia at electrophysiological testing identify a subgroup of patients at high risk of sudden death. Paradoxically, antiarrhythmic drugs increase the risk of death and should be avoided in patients with significantly impaired ventricular function.1 At best, amiodarone decreases the risk of sudden death …
A VIRUS CAUSING PNEUMONIA IN CATS AND PRODUCING ELEMENTARY BODIES
Authors: James A. Baker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

From a contagious respiratory disease of cats an agent has been transmitted to mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, and embryonated eggs. When inoculated intranasally into cats, it produces a disease like that seen in the naturally infected animals. Parenteral injection causes only a mild fever. From cats killed during acute illness, the agent was demonstrated regularly in the discharges from the eyes and nose and in the pneumonic lung but not in other organs. The agent can be demonstrated in the nasal mucosa of cats 1 to 2 months after injection. Cultures of egg yolk sac containing the agent showed no growth, and cultures of active lung suspensions were usually negative, such positive findings as were obtained being due to respiratory contaminants. Attempts to pass the agent through Berkefeld N filters were generally unsuccessful. Stained preparations of egg yolk sac membranes and of infected mouse or hamster lungs showed typical elementary bodies. Centrifuge experiments showed that the agent and the bodies sedimented at the same rate. Complement fixation experiments using a suspension of partially purified bodies as antigen were negative with control sera and positive with sera from recovered cats. It is concluded that the respiratory disease of cats is due to a virus that forms elementary bodies.
Abstract B103: Proinflammatory signaling by cancer-associated fibroblasts co-evolves during mammary carcinogenesis
Authors: Yoray Sharon, Yael Raz, Lina Alon, Neta Erez
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) support tumorigenesis by stimulating angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, and invasion. We demonstrated that CAFs also mediate tumor-enhancing inflammation: CAFs isolated from pre-neoplastic and tumor tissue expressed a pro-inflammatory gene signature and functioned to recruit macrophages and enhance tumor angiogenesis in a mouse model of squamous carcinoma. Moreover, we demonstrated that pro-inflammatory signaling by CAFs is operative also in mouse and human breast carcinogenesis. Although breast cancer is one of the major tumor types where CAFs were shown to be tumor promoting, there is no detailed analysis of CAF characteristics and function in correlation with tumor progression. We therefore set out to characterize the dynamic changes in CAFs during progression of mammary carcinogenesis, in a transgenic mouse model of human breast cancer, the MMTV-PyMT mice. We show that normal mammary fibroblasts can be “educated” by mammary carcinoma cells to become activated, pro-inflammatory CAFs. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling of fibroblasts isolated from normal mammary glands, or from mammary glands of transgenic mice at defined tumorigenic stages (hyperplasia, early carcinoma, invasive adenocarcinoma) revealed distinct CAF gene expression signatures that correspond to different tumor stages, with only partial overlap between the stages, suggesting co-evolution of the microenvironment with tumorigenic progression. Interestingly, the gene signature of fibroblasts isolated from hyperplastic lesions is inverse to that in CAFs from neoplastic stages, and has a putative growth inhibitory phenotype, while CAFs from early and late carcinoma express pro-inflammatory and tumor promoting gene signatures. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which CAFs mediate cancer-related inflammation in breast cancer will greatly increase our understanding of stromal pathways that contribute to tumorigenesis, in an effort to identify novel stromal molecular targets for combinatorial therapeutic approaches to combat breast cancer progression. Citation Format: Yoray Sharon, Yael Raz1,2, Lina Alon, Neta Erez. Proinflammatory signaling by cancer-associated fibroblasts co-evolves during mammary carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B103.
USE OF BIOMARKERS AND CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE FOR DETECTION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RELATED TO CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION PROCEDURES
Authors: Rodrigo Vieira de Melo, Fernando Teiichi Oikawa, Leandro Costa, Paulo Rezende, Celia Strunz, Cesar Nomura, Ismar A. Marques Filho, Alexandre Villa, Alexandre Hueb, Whady Hueb, Roberto Kalil-Filho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 4750: Maximising the activity of immune checkpoint blockade through rational combination.
Authors: Stefanie R. Mullins, Amanda Watkins, Michelle Morrow, Theresa La Vallee, Paul Robbins, Ross Stewart, Robert Wilkinson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Harnessing the power of the immune system to identify and eliminate cancer is a promising area of development in cancer therapy. Increasing T-cell activation, in particular, is now a clinically validated approach to the treatment of cancer. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4, CD152) and B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274) are part of a complex system of receptors and ligands that are involved in limiting T-cell activation through the delivery of inhibitory signals. MedImmune is currently developing tremelimumab (anti-CTLA4) and MEDI4736 (anti-PD-L1), for the treatment of advanced or metastatic solid tumours. Both of these antibodies antagonise T-cell inhibition signals with the aim of enhancing anti-tumor T cell activity, and tremelimumab has demonstrated benefit in a sub-set of patients with melanoma (Ribas, 2010). Published studies characterising the immunogenic nature of some existing cancer therapeutics provide reason to believe that a combination strategy, utilising checkpoint blockade together with current standard of care, or novel therapeutics, could result in increased activity. We have established and characterised a panel of syngeneic mouse tumor models and employed these to explore the immune effects of a number of existing cancer therapies using pharmacodynamic (PD) and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) endpoints. In addition mouse cross reactive anti-CTLA-4 and PD-L1 antibodies were used to assess the potential for combination with these existing therapeutics and the effect of schedule on PD and TGI activity. Citation Format: Stefanie R. Mullins, Amanda Watkins, Michelle Morrow, Theresa La Vallee, Paul Robbins, Ross Stewart, Robert Wilkinson. Maximising the activity of immune checkpoint blockade through rational combination. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4750. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4750
A piece of my mind. So long, coffee shop
Authors: R. L. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

At first, watching new grandparents in the Women's Hospital coffee shop is diverting and fills some of my idle time. I can spot them from across the room. They talk incessantly and seem to be the only people smiling. They discuss matters such as "Should we get the bed jacket or the plant?" In the end, they often buy both. Sometimes there are as many as a dozen of them, chattering to anyone who will listen about this miracle in their lives. I belong to a different group of coffee shop regulars... silent, coffee-sipping men whose wives are patients on one of the oncology units. We look like dark silhouettes against the bright backdrop of grandparents. Although we men rarely speak, each of us seems to know who the others are. It is obvious that these men are not good at networking or forming support groups when they are suffering.
Reserpine in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Robert W. Wilkins, Walter E. Judson, Richard W. Stone, William Hollander, William E. Huckabee, Irwin H. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

RECENTLY, Rauwolfia serpentina was introduced into this country for the treatment of hypertension.1 2 3 This stimulated renewed chemical and pharmacologic studies on the drug, which had been known and used in India for many years. Reserpine, a pure alkaloid, was isolated and shown to have in animals the sedative and hypotensive effects characteristic of the crude drug.4 This alkaloid was then tried in hypertensive patients and found to have actions that were clinically similar to those of the crude drug.5 , 6 The purpose of the present paper is to report further observations on Reserpine,** especially of its dosage and clinical effects in . . .
Multiple Myeloma and the Anion Gap
Authors: Thomas Murray, William Long, Robert G. Narins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE anion gap (serum sodium - [chloride + bicarbonate]), represents those anions, other than chloride or bicarbonate, that counterbalance the positive charge of sodium. It is normally ≤ 14 mEq per liter. A high anion gap occurs in certain metabolic acidoses as a result of the replacement of bicarbonate by anions other than chloride. A low or negative anion gap could theoretically occur if additional cations other than sodium caused the retention of additional chloride and bicarbonate or both. It has been postulated that the low or negative anion gap, reported in a few patients with multiple myeloma, is due . . .
Ocular and airway symptoms related to organic acid anhydride exposure – a prospective study
Authors: J. Nielsen, H. Welinder, I. Bensryd, L. Rylander, S. Skerfving
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Organic acid anhydrides (OAA) are used as hardeners in epoxy resin systems. They are powerful sensitizers giving frequent rhinitis and asthma in exposed workers. Incidence of symptoms is unknown. Here we present the first prospective study on the associations between OAA exposure, symptoms, and effects of confounding factors. Methods: All new employees in three plants handling OAA were followed for up to 8.5 years. Before the employment, a questionnaire reporting about symptoms of eyes and airways, smoking habits, and atopy was answered. The subjects were asked at regular medical examinations about work tasks and work‐related symptoms. Serum was analysed for specific OAA antibodies. Results: Mean exposures varied between 6 and 39 μ g/m 3 . The incidence for work‐related symptoms of the eyes, nose, pharynx, and lower airways was 91, 64, 46, and 31 per 1000 years of exposure, respectively. Symptoms were found frequently, even at mean exposure level at &lt;10 μ g/m 3 . Smoking and atopy increased the risk of symptoms. Immunoglobulin (Ig)E sensitized workers had a significant increased risk for symptoms of the eyes and pharynx and for running nose/sneezing. Conclusions: Organic acid anhydrides exposure is associated with frequent ocular and airway symptoms even at mean exposure levels at &lt;10 μ g/m 3 . There is an important need for establishment of an occupational threshold limit. A limit value of below 5 μ g/m 3 is proposed.
Two cases of Continuous Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring in Twins
Authors: P. J. Steer, R. W. Beard
Journal: BMJ (1973)

This report describes two cases of twin pregnancy in which continuous heart rate monitoring of both twins was successfully carried out during labour. In both cases monitoring permitted early diagnosis of fetal distress and both mothers were delivered by caesarean section. Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring permits diagnosis of fetal distress in the second twin much earlier than conventional methods.
Changing disease patterns in South Asians in the UK
Authors: M.J.S Zaman, P Mangtani
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Myths of MTAS and MMCAs we move ever closer to the start of August, there remains no sign that the MTAS (Medical Training Application Service) debacle will end.In the months since this sorry episode began, doctors have been united in a way never seen before, 1 and the common goals of those professionals who have invested so much of themselves in the NHS are becoming clearer: a fair, validated and transparent application process for all doctors; an expansion of training numbers combined with rational workforce planning; the preservation of those aspects of training which have made British medicine so respected; and, above all, the best possible care for the people who seek help from their doctor.Despite the apologies and the high-level resignations, 2-4 the government persists in its efforts to keep the sinking MTAS ship afloat.The Department of Health, its attention focused as ever upon public perception, continues to fight its corner through spin and sound-bite.This makes it important that doctors communicate with the public in a manner that cuts through government rhetoric, to explain how part of the huge financial investment in the NHS is being squandered.In particular, the myth that MTAS is merely a hiccup in an otherwise well thought-out, sensible program of reform-MMC (Modernising Medical Careers)-cannot go unchallenged.With this in mind, we present some of the more prominent myths that continue to abound regarding MTAS and MMC.
Increased incidence of invasive group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, January 2012–February 2013
Authors: J Darenberg, B Henriques-Normark, T Lepp, K Tegmark-Wisell, A Tegnell, K Widgren
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

The incidence of invasive group A streptococcal infections in Sweden was 6.1 per 100,000 population in 2012, the highest since the disease became notifiable in 2004. Furthermore, January and February 2013 marked a dramatic increase of cases notified, partly explainable by an increase of emm1/T1 isolates, a type previously shown to cause severe invasive disease more often than other types. Healthcare providers in Sweden and health authorities in neighbouring countries have been informed about this increase.
Young doctors feel isolated
Authors: S. Swafford
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Young British doctors are feeling increasingly alienated in the current healthcare system, says a new report. NHS pressures are taking the joy out of medicine and eroding younger doctors' sense of vocation.

The BMA commissioned Isobel Allen, head of social and healthcare studies at the Policy Studies Institute, to meet doctors under 40 and discuss the “core values” of their profession.

The resulting report, Committed but Critical , highlights the commitment of young doctors to …
Understanding Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Aron Goldhirsch, Richard D. Gelber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Randomized clinical trials have shown that chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and ovarian ablation can each reduce the frequency of relapses and prolong survival among patients with operable breast cancer and ipsilateral axillary-lymph-node metastases1. As a result, almost all such patients now receive adjuvant systemic therapy. Multiagent chemotherapy is the present treatment of choice for premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer2; for postmenopausal women, endocrine therapy, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is advantageous3,4.During the past 20 years, many schedules of adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil have been evaluated in patients with breast . . .
Evidence that left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a predictor of outcome in patients with hypertrophic cadiomyopathy
Authors: Martin S. Maron, Iacopo Olivotto, Sandro Betocchi, Susan A. Casey, Thomas E. Gohman, John R. Lesser, Maria A. Losi, Franco Cecchi, Barry J. Maron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Urinary C-Peptide as a Measure of Beta-Cell Function After a Mixed Meal in Healthy Subjects: Comparison of Four-hour Urine C-Peptide with Serum Insulin and Plasma C-Peptide
Authors: Byron J Hoogwerf, Jose J Barbosa, John P Bantle, Dawn Laine, Frederick C Goetz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Urinary C-peptide (UCP) is a noninvasive measure of integrated insulin production, and the usefulness of 24-h collections has been previously reported. Only small numbers of subjects have been studied using shorter urine collections. To see how well 4-h urine collections for C-peptide (UCP) correlate with serum immunoreactive insulin (SI) and plasma C-peptide (PCP), we studied 41 healthy subjects (19 men, 22 women) using as a stimulus a 600-kcal mixed meal and the same mixed meal after oral prednisone. UCP values correlated best with the area under the curves for SI (γ = 0.457, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and PCP (γ = 0.557, P &amp;lt; 0.001). UCP was also significantly correlated with peak SI (γ = 0.382, P &amp;lt; 0.001), peak PCP (γ = 0.496, P &amp;lt; 0.001), fasting SI (γ = 0.297, P = 0.007), and fasting PCP (γ = 0.341, P = 0.007) values. Urinary C-peptide was significantly correlated with SI and PCP concentrations in a broad range of physiologic values for SI and PCP supporting the usefulness of UCP as a simple, noninvasive measure of beta-cell function. Four-hour collections for UCP may be useful in further studies of beta-cell function.
The Use of Aramine in Clinical Shock
Authors: GEORGE H. STECHEL, STANLEY I. FISHMAN, GEORGE SCHWARTZ, HYMAN TURKOWITZ, PETER F. MADONIA, ARTHUR FANKHAUSER
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The use of vasopressor agents in shock is of established value and has become a common form of treatment. Aramine was used in over 250 unselected cases of shock of varied etiology, of which 42 cases are reported in some detail. This agent continues to produce a vasopressor effect after the actual cessation of administration, and its use is characterized by ease in maintaining the desired blood pressure level. Distressing side effects, such as thrombophlebitis or tissue slough, do not occur.
Improved Survival Rates Among Testis Cancer Patients in the United States
Authors: Frederick P. Li
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Mortality rates of testis cancer among US whites declined 34% between 1973 and 1978. The change is attributable to improved therapy for patients with disseminated testis cancer other than seminoma. Thirty-month survival rates among these patients increased from 22% in 1973 to 1976 to 56% in 1977 to 1979 in nine geographic areas monitored by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:825-826)
Seasonal Hemolysis Due to Cold-Agglutinin Syndrome
Authors: L J Lyckholm, M B Edmond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. A 61-year-old roads inspector from Illinois presented in 1992 with hemolytic anemia and acrocyanosis and was found to have cold-agglutinin syndrome. He was treated with plasmapheresis, prednisone, and chlorambucil and then followed without therapy for two years. He continued to work, which involved spending the majority of time outdoors. The patient's cold-agglutinin titer exceeded 1:524,288, with a thermal maximum (the temperature at which agglutination occurs in vitro) of 37°C. The severity of the hemolysis, reflected by the lactate dehydrogenase concentration, was related to the ambient temperature, as illustrated. He is currently well and asymptomatic.