tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of acute magnesium administration on the frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with heart failure.
Authors: C A Sueta, S W Clarke, S H Dunlap, L Jensen, M B Blauwet, G Koch, J H Patterson, K F Adams
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND There is a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in patients with heart failure. Unfortunately, currently available antiarrhythmic agents have only limited efficacy and may result in proarrhythmia and hemodynamic deterioration in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the acute effect of intravenous magnesium chloride on the frequency and severity of ventricular arrhythmia in 30 patients with symptomatic heart failure using a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 23.0 +/- 8.0% (mean +/- SD). No patient had a history of symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia or was receiving antiarrhythmic agents, calcium channel antagonists, or beta-blockers. Patients were randomized to receive placebo (5% dextrose [D5W] in water alone) or magnesium chloride in D5W given as a bolus of 0.3 mEq/kg over 10 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.08 mEq/kg per hour for 24 hours. The magnesium concentrations 30 minutes and 24 hours after the bolus were 3.6 +/- 0.1 and 4.2 +/- 0.1 mg/dL, respectively. There was no significant change in serum potassium concentration during magnesium administration. Blinded analysis revealed that administration of intravenous magnesium chloride, compared with placebo, significantly decreased total ventricular ectopy per hour (mean +/- SEM, 70 +/- 26 versus 149 +/- 64, P &lt; .001), couplets per day (23 +/- 11 versus 94 +/- 59, P = .007), and episodes of ventricular tachycardia per day (0.8 +/- 0.2 versus 2.6 +/- 1.0, P = .051). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous magnesium chloride administration reduces the frequency of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with symptomatic heart failure.
Short-term Thyroid Therapy for Goitrous Cretinism
Authors: H. Zondek, H. E. Leszynsky, G. W. Zondek
Journal: BMJ (1963)

articular surfaces.These radiological appearances can be demonstrated within days of the onset of the symptoms; the earliest in my experience is four days, but it could be earlier.As delay in treatment of even a day or two may lead to the above distressing complica- tions I feel that this common misconception that radiology is of no value in the early stages should not be perpetuated.As this condition is apt to be over- looked in the early and vital stages I would like to draw the attention of your readers to two articles on this subject by etc.,
A central role for Notch in effector CD8+ T cell differentiation
Authors: Ronald A Backer, Christina Helbig, Rebecca Gentek, Andrew Kent, Brian J Laidlaw, Claudia X Dominguez, Yevan S de Souza, Stella E van Trierum, Ruud van Beek, Guus F Rimmelzwaan, Anja ten Brinke, A Marcel Willemsen, Antoine H C van Kampen, Susan M Kaech, J Magarian Blander, Klaas van Gisbergen, Derk Amsen
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Evidence for multiple Src binding sites on the α1c L-type Ca2+ channel and their roles in activity regulation
Authors: E DUBUIS, N ROCKLIFFE, M HUSSAIN, M BOYETT, D WRAY, D GAWLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: Src has been proposed to activate L-type calcium channel activity by binding to the α1c subunit. In the II–III linker region of this subunit there is a novel consensus sequence for Src binding. We have examined whether this site is a functional Src interaction site and investigated the effect displacing Src from this region has on calcium channel activity.
Atypical Fractures of the Femoral Diaphysis in Postmenopausal Women Taking Alendronate
Authors: Brett A. Lenart, Dean G. Lorich, Joseph M. Lane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The authors identified 15 postmenopausal women who had been receiving alendronate who presented with atypical low-energy fractures. Ten of the patients had a unique radiographic pattern that the authors call “simple with thick cortices.”
Diastolic abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relation to magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: P Spirito, B J Maron, F Chiarella, P Bellotti, R Tramarin, M Pozzoli, C Vecchio
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To investigate the relationship between diastolic abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy, 52 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 22 normal subjects were studied with digitized M mode echocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography. Echocardiographic indexes of diastolic function were compared in patients with different extent of left ventricular hypertrophy. Time interval from minimum left ventricular internal dimension to mitral valve opening and time to peak rate of increase in left ventricular internal dimension were significantly prolonged (80 +/- 31 and 100 +/- 37 msec, respectively) in patients with HCM and the most extensive left ventricular hypertrophy compared with those in patients with mild left ventricular hypertrophy (59 +/- 25 and 74 +/- 34 msec, respectively; p less than .01). Furthermore, peak rate of posterior wall diastolic excursion was significantly reduced in those patients with HCM and posterior wall hypertrophy (8.3 +/- 4.0 cm/sec) compared with that in patients with HCM but normal posterior wall thickness (11.2 +/- 3.4 cm/sec; p less than .002). However, abnormal M mode echocardiographic indexes of diastolic function were also identified in a substantial proportion of patients (i.e., 73%) with HCM and only mild left ventricular hypertrophy. In these patients, time interval from minimum left ventricular internal dimension to mitral valve opening (59 +/- 25 msec), peak rate (12 +/- 4 cm/sec), and time to peak rate of increase in left ventricular internal dimension (74 +/- 34 msec) were significantly different from normal (25 +/- 12 msec, 21 +/- 3 cm/sec, and 49 +/- 12 msec, respectively; p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PTH-075 ‘ascites Clinic’: An Outpatient Service Model For Patients Requiring Large Volume Paracentesis
Authors: WJ Gashau, G Samra, J Gasser, M Rolland, P Sambaiah, C Shorrock
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A retrospective profile of medical readmissions within 30 days of discharge (September 2011–December 2011) from a busy district teaching hospital highlighted that a small proportion of patients (12%) with recurrent ascites accounted for 68% of readmissions. Most required large volume paracentesis (LVP) with a mean length of stay of 4 days. We aimed to determine if a viable, safe model for large volume paracentesis (LVP) in an outpatient setting is feasible. <h3>Methods</h3> Changes included identifying motivated liver specialist nurses to lead the ascites clinic service, detailed development of local policy and in-patient referral systems for patients appropriate for the service. Patients are initially reviewed in face-to-face clinics allow comprehensive history, examination and augmentation of information to empower individuals to self-monitor and self-refer based on weight and abdominal girth. These are run in tandem with a consultant led hepatology clinic for senior medical support. Where appropriate, follow up can occur by telephone. If necessary, facilitation of same day elective admission for LVP can be arranged. Competent gastroenterology trainees in the day-case endoscopy unit to carry out LVP with same day patient discharge <h3>Results</h3> From September 2012 to May 2013, 68 LVPs have been performed in 12 patients. Complications have been few with only one patient having been admitted twice overnight for ongoing large volume paracentesis. Emergency readmissions for LVP have fallen from 68% to 13% over the corresponding period 12 months earlier with an improved patient experience. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The ‘Ascites Pathway’ allows safe, effective outpatient LVP with increased patient satisfaction. We feel therefore that LVP is best managed in an outpatient setting with a dedicated nurse-led, medically supported ascites service. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Maintenance treatment with H2 receptor antagonists in patients with peptic ulcer disease: rarely justified in terms of cost or patient benefit.
Authors: C. W. Howden
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Maintenance treatment reduces the frequency of ulcer relapse. Its routine use is unnecessary because the condition is benign and most patients do not relapse frequently. Routine maintenance treatment does not reduce the incidence of complications of ulcers overall, although it may do so in specific groups mentioned above. Routine maintenance treatment for all patients with ulcers would be expensive as well as largely unnecessary.
Molecular organization of the cholesteryl ester droplets in the fatty streaks of human aorta.
Authors: D M Engelman, G M Hillman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

X-ray diffraction patterns from human arterial specimens containing atherosclerotic fatty streak lesions exhibited a single sharp reflection, corresponding to a structural spacing of about 35 A. Specimens without lesions did not. When specimens with fatty streaks were heated, an order-to-disorder phase transition was revealed by the disappearance of the sharp reflection. The transition was thermally reversible and its temperature varied from aorta to aorta over a range from 28 degrees to 42 degrees C. Since cholesteryl ester droplets are a major component of fatty streaks, comparison studies were made of the diffraction behavior from pure cholesteryl esters. We found that the diffraction patterns of the fatty streak material could be accounted for by the organization of the cholesteryl esters into a liquid-crystalline smectic phase that melts from the smectic to a less ordered phase upon heating. When combined with the conclusions of others from polarized light microscopy, our study shows that a droplet in the smectic phase has well-defined concentric layers of lipid molecules. In each layer, the long axes of the molecules have a net radial orientation with respect to the droplet, but the side-to-side organization is disordered. We suggest that the accessibility of portions of the lipids for specific binding to enzymes or transport proteins may be restricted when they are in the smectic state, and that exchange of lipids with surrounding membranes or other potential binding sites may likewise be inhibited. The restriction in the smectic phase should be greater than in the less ordered phases that exist at higher temperatures.
Role of Insurance Abuse in Hospital-Bed Utilization
Authors: William R. Hunt
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expanding the range of vulnerabilities to pathological gambling: A consideration of over-fast discounting processes
Authors: Carl W. Lejuez, Marc N. Potenza
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Redish et al. present a compelling, interdisciplinary, unified framework of addiction. The effort to integrate pathological gambling is especially important, but only the vulnerability of misclassifying situations is described in detail as being linked directly to this disorder. This commentary focuses on further developing the comprehensiveness of this framework for pathological gambling using over-fast discounting as an illustrative example.
Effect of zidovudine and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS
Authors: N.M.H. Graham, S.L. Zeger, L.P. Park, A.J. Saah, J.P. Phair, R. Detels, S.H. Vermund, M. Ho
Journal: The Lancet (1991)

Although used widely, the effectiveness of zidovudine therapy and primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-1-infected individuals, has not been assessed in a large cohort. We have done an observational study between October, 1986, and October, 1990, of a cohort of 2145 HIV-1-seropositive men and 371 who seroconverted during the study. A Markov chain transitional analysis was used to examine the effect of zidovudine and PCP prophylaxis on the probability of progression of H IV-1 infection to AIDS (after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months) after follow-up visits categorised into one of six disease states. The six starting states were based on CD4+ lymphocyte counts and the presence of HIV-related symptoms. Use of pre-AIDS zidovudine and PCP prophylaxis was associated with significant reductions in rates of progression to AIDS at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months for participants starting with less than 350 CD4+ lymphocytes/μl. For those starting with 350 or more CD4+ lymphocytes/μl, non-significant protective trends were seen during 12, 18, and 24 month intervals. In multivariate log-linear models virtually all the treatment effect was due to zidovudine. However, after adjusting for the effects of zidovudine, PCP prophylaxis reduced significantly the probability of progression to a first episode of PCP during 6, 12, 18, and 24 month intervals. This study suggests that early primary PCP prophylaxis is effective in preventing first episodes of PCP, and that the efficacy of zidovudine demonstrated in clinical trials can be translated to the population level.
Clinical significance of residual viremia detected by two real-time PCR assays for response-guided therapy of HCV genotype 1 infection
Authors: Johannes Vermehren, Alessio Aghemo, Karolin Falconer, Simone Susser, Giovanna Lunghi, Stefan Zeuzem, Massimo Colombo, Ola Weiland, Christoph Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Risks and Benefits to the Living Donor
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In the five decades since the first renal transplantation from a living donor took place, in 1954, donating a kidney has become common; according to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, 6647 people became living kidney donors in the United States in 2004. Indeed, donating a kidney is sufficiently safe that the emotional benefits to the donor generally far outweigh the risks. During my career as a pediatric nephrologist, I have discussed kidney donation with scores of potential donors, helping the transplantation team to explain to the potential recipient and donor the procedure and its associated risks and benefits. In . . .
Cisplatin Selects for Multidrug-Resistant CD133+ Cells in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Activating Notch Signaling
Authors: Yu-Peng Liu, Chih-Jen Yang, Ming-Shyan Huang, Chi-Tai Yeh, Alexander T.H. Wu, Yu-Cheng Lee, Tsung-Ching Lai, Chien-Hsin Lee, Ya-Wen Hsiao, Jean Lu, Chia-Ning Shen, Pei-Jung Lu, Michael Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, but recurrence occurs in most patients. Recent evidence suggests that CD133(+) cells are the cause of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. However, the correlation between chemotherapy and regulation of CD133(+) cells has not been investigated methodically. In this study, we revealed that CD133(+) lung cancer cells labeled by a human CD133 promoter-driven GFP reporter exhibited drug resistance and stem cell characteristics. Treatment of H460 and H661 cell lines with low-dose cisplatin (IC(20)) was sufficient to enrich CD133(+) cells, to induce DNA damage responses, and to upregulate ABCG2 and ABCB1 expression, which therefore increased the cross-resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. This cisplatin-induced enrichment of CD133(+) cells was mediated through Notch signaling as judged by increased levels of cleaved Notch1 (NICD1). Pretreatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), or Notch1 short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) remarkably reduced the cisplatin-induced enrichment of CD133(+) cells and increased the sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Ectopic expression of NICD1 reversed the action of DAPT on drug sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD133(+) cells were significantly increased in the relapsed tumors in three of six patients with lung cancer who have received cisplatin treatment. A similar effect was observed in animal experiments as cisplatin treatment increased Notch1 cleavage and the ratio of CD133(+) cells in engrafted tumors. Intratumoral injection of DAPT with cisplatin treatment significantly reduced CD133(+) cell number. Together, our results showed that cisplatin induces the enrichment of CD133(+) cells, leading to multidrug resistance by the activation of Notch signaling.
FETAL RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC STIMULUS
Authors: Arthur M. Silverstein, Robert A. Prendergast, Keith L. Kraner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The fetal lamb was found to reject orthotopic skin homografts applied at any time after the 77th day of gestation. Prior to this, grafts remained in place without stimulating any detectable immunologic response. Once the fetus achieves the ability to reject the graft, the process occurs with the same competence and rapidity as in the adult. Graft rejection in the fetal lamb is unaccompanied by formation of plasma cells or by the production of typical immunoglobulins, thus supporting the suggestion that circulating antibody does not play an obligatory role in the process.
Topological bias and inconsistency of maximum likelihood using wrong models
Authors: W. J. Bruno, A. L. Halpern
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Yang (1997) presented interesting and surprising results suggesting that maximum likelihood (ML) using a simple model could do a better job of phylogenetic reconstruction than ML using the correct model.We believe that Yang's results and others we present here can best be understood in terms of bias in the choice of topology resulting from using ML with an incorrect model.Yang (1997) simulated sequences related by various four-taxon trees using the Jukes-Cantor (JC) model with gamma-distributed site-to-site rate variation (JC ϩ G) and a shape parameter ␣ of 0.2.He then used ML to reconstruct the phylogeny, assuming either the true JC ϩ G model with ␣ ϭ 0.2 or the simpler but false JC model.In repeated simulations, the false model reconstructed the correct topology more often than the true model did for three of the five trees Yang tested (namely, trees B, D, and E).With a fourth tree (Yang's tree A), the two models performed equally well.On the fifth tree (C), the true model performed dramatically better.Trees generated randomly by a coalescent process were also reconstructed correctly more often using the false model.Yang's results held over a wide range of sequence lengths, suggesting ML with the true model to be less efficient than ML with the false model.This brought into question the theorem that ML, using the correct model, is asymptotically most efficient.Yang suggested one possible explanation for his results: that the proof of asymptotic efficiency of ML might not apply to the discrimination of nonnested models (e.g., different topologies).We put forward here an alternative explanation: that Yang's (1997) results do not reflect an overall increase in efficiency when using the simpler model of sequence evolution, but rather reflect comparison of a biased, sometimes inconsistent method (ML with false model) with a nearly unbiased, consistent method (ML with true model).As we will show, it appears that most of the trees Yang simulated happen to have topologies favored by the bias of the false model.Others have previously pointed out that false, oversimplified models cause the number of substitutions to be underestimated.The undercounting of substitution events occurs at all distances but becomes more severe for more divergent sequences.This will lead to under-Abbreviations: ML, maximum likelihood; MLUT, most likely unresolved tree; LBA, long branches attract.
ABC of spinal cord injury. Early management and complications--I.
Authors: D Grundy, A Swain, J Russell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Respiratory complicationsRespiratory insufficiency is common in patients with injuries ofthe cervical cord.If the neurological lesion is complete the patient will have paralysed intercostal muscles and will have to rely on diaphragmatic respiration. Causes of respiratory insufficiencyPartial paralysis ofthe diaphragm may also be present, either from the outset or after 24-48 hours owing to the development of ascendingIn the tetraplegic post-traumatic cord oedema.In patients with injuries to the thoracic spine respiratory impairment often results from associated rib fractures, Intercostal paralysis haemopneumothorax, or pulmonary contusion; there may also be a varying Partial phrenic nerve palsy-immediate degree ofintercostal paralysis depending on the neurological level ofthe -delayed lesion.Impaired ability to expectorate Sputum retention readily occurs during the first few days of injury, particularly in patients with high lesions and in those with associated chest Ventilation -perfusion mismatch injury.The inability to produce an effective cough impairs the clearing of on 27 July 2023 by guest.
New scheme aims to eradicate congenital syphilis in three years
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A three year international initiative has been launched in London aiming to garner funding and support to eradicate congenital syphilis, which kills hundreds of thousands of babies every year.

The Global Congenital Syphilis Partnership will seek to distribute a simple prenatal blood test and same day antibiotic treatment to pregnant women in many more parts of the world.

Members of the partnership include the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Save the Children, the World Health Organization, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

At the launch on 1 March, Peter Piot, the partnership’s chairman and director of the London School of Hygiene, said that tackling syphilis would be a major step towards reducing neonatal deaths by 2015, …
Group is launched to present "hard evidence" against physician assisted suicide
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A public policy think tank, which aims to promote “rational, evidence-based and measured debate” on the subject of assisted dying, has been launched by two members of the House of Lords.

Lord Alex Carlile and Baroness Ilora Finlay, co-chairs of Living and Dying Well, have both fervently opposed any change in the law on this issue. Their new organisation is neither “neutral” nor “a campaigning pressure group,” instead, they want to present “hard evidence” to parliament and the public in an objective and informative manner. 

At the launch, Lord Carlile …