tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aging, Adiposity, and Calorie Restriction
Authors: Luigi Fontana
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Excessive calorie intake and subsequent obesity increases the risk of developing chronic disease and decreases life expectancy. In rodent models, calorie restriction with adequate nutrient intake decreases the risk of developing chronic disease and extends maximum life span.To evaluate the physiological and clinical implications of calorie restriction with adequate nutrient intake.Search of PubMed (1966-December 2006) using terms encompassing various aspects of calorie restriction, dietary restriction, aging, longevity, life span, adiposity, and obesity; hand search of journals that focus on obesity, geriatrics, or aging; and search of reference lists of pertinent research and review articles and books. Reviewed reports (both basic science and clinical) included epidemiologic studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials, with quality of data assessed by taking into account publication in a peer-reviewed journal, number of animals or individuals studied, objectivity of measurements, and techniques used to minimize bias.It is not known whether calorie restriction extends maximum life span or life expectancy in lean humans. However, calorie restriction in adult men and women causes many of the same metabolic adaptations that occur in calorie-restricted rodents and monkeys, including decreased metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory risk factors for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and possibly cancer. Excessive calorie restriction causes malnutrition and has adverse clinical effects.Calorie restriction in adult men and women causes beneficial metabolic, hormonal, and functional changes, but the precise amount of calorie intake or body fat mass associated with optimal health and maximum longevity in humans is not known. In addition, it is possible that even moderate calorie restriction may be harmful in specific patient populations, such as lean persons who have minimal amounts of body fat.
Books: Public Health at the Crossroads: Achievements and Prospects Making Sense of Public Health Medicine Progress in Public Health
Authors: M. O Bachmann
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Robert Beaglehole, Ruth Bonita Cambridge University Press, £17.95, pp 258 ISBN 0 521 59373 X J Connelly, C Worth Radcliffe Medical Press, £17.50, pp 164 ISBN 1 85775 1868 Ed Gabriel Scally RSM Press, £19.99, pp 302 ISBN 0 443 05938 1 Ed Gabriel Scally RSM Press, £19.99, pp 302 ISBN 0 443 05938 1 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>,![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img>![Graphic][6]</img>,![Graphic][7]</img>![Graphic][8]</img>![Graphic][9]</img> Public health professionals perennially ponder the future and scope of their discipline, for good reasons. Their changing roles are largely determined by incessant reforms of the health sector, and their responsibilities are immodestly claimed to embrace anything relevant … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-8.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-9.gif
Panic anxiety, dyspnea, and respiratory disease. Theoretical and clinical considerations.
Authors: J W Smoller, M H Pollack, M W Otto, J F Rosenbaum, R L Kradin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

There is intriguing evidence suggesting pathophysiologic relationships among dyspnea, hyperventilation, and panic anxiety. The symptoms of panic attacks and pulmonary disease overlap, so that panic anxiety can reflect underlying cardiopulmonary disease and dyspnea can reflect an underlying anxiety disorder. The pathogenesis of panic may be related to respiratory physiology by several mechanisms: the anxiogenic effects of hyperventilation, the catastrophic misinterpretation of respiratory symptoms, and/or a neurobiologic sensitivity to CO2, lactate, or other signals of suffocation. In a subset of patients with PD, incipient pulmonary dysfunction may also contribute to their anxiety symptoms. Patients with pulmonary disease, particularly those with obstructive lung disease, have a high rate of panic symptoms and PD. There is reason to believe that pulmonary disease constitutes a risk factor for the development of panic related to repeated experiences with dyspnea and life-threatening exacerbations of pulmonary dysfunction, repeated episodes of hypercapnia or hyperventilation, the use of anxiogenic medications, and the stress of coping with chronic disease. Panic in pulmonary patients may carry significant morbidity, including phobic avoidance of activity, overly aggressive treatment with anxiogenic medications, and more prolonged and frequent hospitalization. Successful treatment of panic in these patients can improve functional status and quality of life by relieving anxiety and dyspnea. Nonpharmacologic treatment of panic, including cognitive-behavioral approaches, can be useful in patients with concomitant respiratory disease. Sedating medications such as benzodiazepines should be used with caution in patients with pulmonary disease to avoid respiratory depression. Serotonergic antidepressants (SSRIs) and anxiolytics (buspirone) may be effective treatments for panic or generalized anxiety in pulmonary patients and have relatively little potential for significant adverse effects.
Use of Hexamethonium Bromide and Decamethonium Iodide with Electroplexy
Authors: J. D. Montagu
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Use of Hexamethonium Bromide and DecamethoniumIodide with ElectroplexyThe following case history is considered to be of interest in that the patient suffered from a psychiatric illness accom- panied by severe hypertension, and that the former was successfully treated by means of electric convulsion therapy (E.C.T.) in conjunction with a muscle relaxant, decamethonium iodide (C 10), and a depressor substance, hexa- methonium bromide (C 6).
Abstract 5700: Establishing candidate biomarkers for the pharmacodynamic action of sulforaphane in the breast
Authors: Abena Agyeman, Patrick Shaw, Ragohthama Chaerkady, Quynh Tran, Thomas Sutter, Akhilesh Pandey, Kala Visvanathan, Nancy Davidson, Thomas Kensler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The goal of this study is the discovery of biomarkers reflecting the pharmacodynamic action of sulforaphane (SFN), initially in the normal human mammary epithelial MCF10A cell line and then in tissue obtained from healthy patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty surgery. SFN is formed by the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin, a water soluble glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetables with especially high levels measured in 3 day old broccoli sprouts. Chemoprevention by SFN is achieved in part through the upregulation of cytoprotective enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Preliminary dose response and time course studies in MCF10A cells established that SFN upregulated cytoprotective genes as indicated by increased levels of NQO1 transcripts, protein and activity. NQO1 induction is dependent on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway since NQO1 transcripts, protein and activity were enhanced by KEAP1 siRNA knockdown in MCF10As. For the biomarker discovery phase isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to quantify global protein changes using mass spectrometry. Two independent 8-plex iTRAQ experiments determined the pharmacological actions of SFN on protein expression, compared to a vehicle control, and the genetic regulation of protein expression following knockdown of KEAP1 compared to a non targeting control siRNA. In both experiments protein expression was analyzed at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hour time points after SFN treatment or KEAP1 knockdown. In addition to confirming NQO1 to be a good candidate biomarker, the iTRAQ analysis identified other upregulated candidates to be aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1), DJ-1 protein, and thioredoxin. NQO1 and AKR1C1 transcripts were also elevated in the MCF10A cells, as assessed by microarray assay. Candidate biomarkers identified from microarray and iTRAQ studies reflecting the pharmacodynamic action of SFN in human cells will be analyzed by Western blot, qRT-PCR and enzyme assays in tissue from reduction mammoplasty patients. These women have been randomized in a clinical trial to receive either a broccoli sprout preparation containing 100 micomole SFN or a placebo beverage daily for 10 days prior to surgery. Supported by P50 CA088843, U54 RR020839 and BC073262. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5700.
Medical literature retrieval.
Authors: I. Rannie
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MEDIBa^NAL 1351or as consultants or medical officers in hospitals.Nearly 50 settled in Canada and the U.S.A.Some of them took up an academic career in North America, and eventually became associate professors.Five work in Africa in newly independent Commonwealth countries, five in Malaysia, five in Australia, one in New Zealand, three in the West Indies, and three in France.Eighteen graduates have died-a high mortality rate, considering that they were relatively young.Five Polish professors of the School have died.Two pro- fessors live in Poland, one in Great Britain.Eight lecturers and five assistants have died, eight have returned to Poland.Some of the others have emigrated to the U.S.A.The rest live in Great Britain.The creation of the Polish School of Medicine within the University of Edinburgh was a fine example of oooperation between nations in the academic sphere.It is to be hoped that such cooperation will not remain unique in the history of medicine, even though one must also hope that the need which gave rise to it will never be experienced again.
The Odor Specificities of a Subset of Olfactory Receptor Neurons Are Governed by Acj6, a POU-Domain Transcription Factor
Authors: Peter J Clyne, Sarah J Certel, Marien de Bruyne, Lina Zaslavsky, Wayne A Johnson, John R Carlson
Journal: Neuron (1999)

Little is known about how the odor specificities of olfactory neurons are generated, a process essential to olfactory coding. We have found that neuronal identity relies on the abnormal chemosensory jump 6 (acj6) gene, originally identified by a defect in olfactory behavior. Physiological analysis of individual olfactory neurons shows that in acj6 mutants, a subset of neurons acquires a different odorant response profile. Certain other neurons do not respond to any tested odors in acj6. Molecular analysis of acj6 shows that it encodes a POU-domain transcription factor expressed in olfactory neurons. Our data suggest that the odor response spectrum of an olfactory neuron, and perhaps the choice of receptor genes, is determined through a process requiring the action of Acj6.
Targeting Myelomonocytic Cells to Revert Inflammation-Dependent Cancer Promotion
Authors: Mario P. Colombo, Alberto Mantovani
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Tumor development and progression are strongly linked to inflammation and the presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In murine tumors, antitumor activity can be achieved by targeting TAM recruitment, survival, activation, polarization, effector signaling, or extracellular matrix interactions. Thus, it may be possible to increase the efficacy of conventional cancer therapeutic strategies by targeting TAMs.
GIANT MITOCHONDRIA, RENAL TRANSPLANT BIOPSY, AND CYCLOSPORIN A
Authors: P.D. Kirwan, C.R. Baxter, G.G. Duggin, B.M. Hall, J.S. Horvath, A.G.R. Sheil, D.J. Tiller, S. Thiru, R.Y. Calne
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Commentary: the medical model is unhelpful
Authors: B. Daines
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Child mental health: who is responsible?The labelling of all childhood ills as mental health problems diverts doctors into child welfare work that is more properly the province of social services or education, argues child psychiatrist Robert Goodman.The result, he claims, is that many children who could have benefited from medical assessment and treatment for their emotional and behavioural problems do not get that help.We asked another child psychiatrist, an educational psychologist, and a social worker to respond to Dr Goodman's challenge. An overextended remit Robert GoodmanParents and teachers are seriously dissatisfied with the behaviour of many children.Other children experience considerable stress, misery, or anxiety.Epidemiological studies suggest that roughly 20% of all children and teenagers are maladjusted or distressed, 1 with some estimates being substantially higher. 2 In the child psychiatric literature and government strategy documents these maladjusted and distressed children are referred to as having psychiatric disorders or mental health problems. 3 4I believe that this medicalisation of all maladjustment and distress is a serious "own goal" for the health service, generating unrealistic expectations of what child mental health services can deliver and diverting health professionals from their areas of expertise.The medicalisation of maladjustment and distress is enshrined in the contemporary psychiatric classifications of the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association. 5 6Perhaps both these classifications were overinfluenced by the World Health Organisation's otherworldly definition of health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" 7 ; falling short of this ideal is then a lack of health, and it is only a small step to define any serious shortfall as a disease.Cynics will also note that the medicalisation of maladjustment and distress generates employment for doctors and persuades health insurers to foot at least some of the bill.An overinclusive notion of child mental health may have encouraged health providers to fill the vacuum as successive funding crises have led social services and education to withdraw from much of their traditional child and family guidance work.Antisocial behaviour in adults is usually seen as a social problem: similar behaviour in children is often categorised as a mental health problem
TNF and receptors in organ-specific autoimmune disease: multi-layered functioning mirrored in animal models
Authors: George Kassiotis, George Kollias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

George Kassiotis’s present address is: Division of Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom.

Inhibition of TNF in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is proving efficacious for a large number of patients (1). Despite this exciting outcome, however, there is still little knowledge of the actual biology that is targeted by this therapy. Potential effector activities of TNF that may be relevant to the observed therapeutic impact are numerous and include its well-known proinflammatory activities, the potential activating effects it may have on important cell types (e.g., macrophages or synoviocytes), and its functions in shaping innate and adaptive immunity (2). TNF is usually overproduced in chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, such as RA and multiple sclerosis (MS), and this overproduction leads to strikingly similar pathologies when reproduced in transgenic animal models (see ref. 2 and references therein). Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of TNF in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), autoimmune animal models for RA and MS, respectively, has yielded encouraging results. These notions led the way to the use of anti-TNF therapies in the clinic. Surprisingly, however, systemic blockade of TNF in MS patients led to immune activation and increased disease activity (3, 4). Further insight into the mechanisms of TNF function is therefore required, and more work with the animal models is necessary.
Effective Treatment of Oxaliplatin-Induced Cumulative Polyneuropathy With Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Authors: C. Gedlicka, W. Scheithauer, B. Schüll, G.V. Kornek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.99.502 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12149316 Effective Treatment of Oxaliplatin-Induced Cumulative Polyneuropathy With Alpha-Lipoic Acid C. GedlickaxC. GedlickaSearch for articles by this author , W. ScheithauerxW. ScheithauerSearch for articles by this author , B. SchüllxB. SchüllSearch for articles by this author , G.V. KornekxG.V. KornekSearch for articles by this author Show More Vienna University Medical School, Vienna, Austria https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.99.502 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Technique of Refrigerated Coil Preservation Haemodialysis with Femoral Venous Catheterization
Authors: S. Shaldon, H. Silva, S. M. Rosen
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The use of daily haemodialysis in the treatment of severe acute renal failure has resulted in a significant improvement in mortality rates: 75 % of patients with acute " hypercatabolic " renal failure survived (Teschan et al., 1960).More recently Murray et al. (1961), using continuous haemodialysis, obtained 80% survival rates in similar patients.However, these results were obtained with MacNeill-Collins (MacNeill et al., 1959), Skeggs-Leonards (Skeggs and Leonards, 1948), or modified Kiil (1960) dialyser, which require considerable technician-time in assembling and are not available in most haemodialysis units.To overcome these problems, and to provide an efficient dialyser
Successful renal transplantation for epstein syndrome
Authors: Barbara M. Alving, Peter G. Tarassoff, Jack Moore, Cindy A. Leissenger, C. Fernandez‐Bueno
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Successful cadaveric renal transplantation was accomplished in a patient with Epstein syndrome, a triad of macrothrombocytopenia, partial high‐frequency hearing loss, and nephritis, which often progresses to complete renal failure. The success of the transplant demonstrates that the macrothrombocytopenia which occurs in this syndrome is not a contraindication to aggressive management of end‐stage renal disease.
Genetic Effects of Radiation
Authors: Bertram L. Hanna
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This short book reviews the effects of radiation on hereditary material and the consequence for the genetic structure of populations. The author limits his discussion to biological problems and studiously avoids the moral, ethical, or economic considerations of radiation mutation in man. The unemotional presentation of observations and hypotheses permits the intelligent reader to formulate his own conclusions regarding the hazards of radiation exposure. The basic concepts of radiation physics, the principles of heredity, the concepts of gene actions, and methods employed for the study of mutation in experimental organisms are introduced in the early chapters. The effects of radiation dosage, radiation intensity, energy levels, secondary radiochemical effects, and the differential sensitivities of developing germ cells are then discussed in detail. Then follows an excellent review of the concepts of population genetics, with particular emphasis upon the balance of mutation and selection in maintaining genetic equilibrium in populations. The last
43. Long-Term T Cell Activation Following Combined In Situ Gene Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Compared to Gene Therapy as Mono-Therapy in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Tetsuo Fujita, Bin S. Teh, Terry L. Timme, Wei-Yuan Mai, Takefumi Satoh, Nobuyuki Kusaka, Koji Naruishi, Elmoataz Abdelfattah, Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova, Brian J. Miles, E. Brian Butler, TimothyC. Thompson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Introduction: A program combining in situ gene therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was implemented for the treatment of prostate cancer because the complementary mechanisms of cytotoxicity may have an enhanced efficacy. The in situ gene therapy comprised of adenoviral vector mediated Herpes Simplex Virus-thymidine kinase (AdHSVtk) + valacyclovir (VCV). We are currently conducting clinical trials using this approach. This study explores long-term immune responses following combined radio-gene therapy compared to gene therapy as mono-therapy. Methods: The study design included two separate clinical trials in the Baylor Prostate Cancer SPORE Program: Trial A gene therapy in combination with IMRT for prostate cancer (31 patients) and Trial B gene therapy as mono-therapy for local recurrent prostate cancer after failing initial radiotherapy (36 patients). Heparinized blood was collected at the time of vector injection and at selected intervals afterward until 12 months. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed by fluorescent antibody cell sorting (FACS) after the incubation with dual color labeled antibody pairs: CD45/CD14, CD3/CD19, CD3/CD8, CD3/CD4, CD8/HLA-DR, CD4/HLA-DR, CD3/HLA-DR, and CD3/CD56+CD16. Results: The pre-treatment mean percentage of activated CD8+ T cells (DR+CD8+ T cells) was 14.7% and 12.2% (Trials A and B, respectively). Two weeks after the vector injection, this increased to 31.7% and 21.9% (Trials A and B, respectively), and these increases were statistically significant (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0188, respectively). Only in Trial A were significant increases seen at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months and 10 months (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0002, 0.0464, 0.0016, 0.0125 and 0.0354, respectively). In addition, activated CD4+ T cells were noted to increase significantly after the vector injection from 2 weeks till 12 months in Trial A only. (P = 0.0013 and 0.0069, respectively). Conclusions: This is the first report of long-term systemic immune responses following radio-gene therapy compared to gene therapy as mono-therapy. We present evidence showing long-term (up to 12 months) systemic T cell responses to two consecutive AdHSVtk injections during combination in situ gene therapy and IMRT for prostate cancer. These results suggest the potential for sustained activation of cell-mediated immune responses and may have enhanced activities against cancer. This combined approach may maximize tumor control, both local-regional and systemic through radio-gene therapy induced cytotoxicity and anti-tumor immunity.
A Novel Method of Virtual Histopathology Using Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy In-Vitro with Untreated Fresh Specimens from the Gastrointestinal Mucosa
Authors: H. Inoue, T. Igari, T. Nishikage, K. Ami, T. Yoshida, T. Iwai
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: Histopathological examination for superficial gastrointestinal lesions has been mainly based upon the light microscopic examination of thin-slice specimens with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. However, it takes at least a couple of days to create a slide-glass for microscopic study. In order to obtain immediate microscopic images for untreated specimens, the authors used laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LCM) to study fresh samples of gastrointestinal mucosa.