tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial reperfusion injury: a new view
Authors: D García-Dorado
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Acute coronary occlusion resulting in myocardial infarction is the main mechanism by which coronary artery disease reduces survival and leads to deterioration of the quality of life, and the extent of cell death is the main determinant of survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Early animal studies demonstrated that once the myocardium becomes severely ischemic, restoration of blood flow is a prerequisite for myocardial salvage. They also showed, however, that restoration of blood flow after transient ischemia may be associated with dramatic, deleterious changes such as arrhythmias, enzyme release, or severe intramyocardial hemorrhage. These changes were generally interpreted as manifestations of additional injury occurring at the time of reperfusion, and were termed “reperfusion injury”. Oxygen free radicals were clearly shown to be generated upon restoration of blood flow and to be potentially harmful, and their role as main mediators of reperfusion injury was soon widely accepted.

However, the concerns about the potential clinical significance of reperfusion injury were soon put aside by the results of clinical studies. The experience obtained in millions of patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction has demonstrated that reperfusion therapy may be more or less beneficial depending on the circumstances (in particular, on how early it is applied), but that it … 

*Tel.: +34-93-4894038; fax: +34-93-4894032. mrmeana{at}vhebron.net
The Management of Pain
Authors: E. S. Siker
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This immense two-volume textbook is the work of 100 contributors and three collaborators. The editor, Dr Bonica, has "recognized that multiauthored books are often uneven in format and quality and frequently contain conflicting and contradictory information." We agree that recent advances in both basic concepts and clinical aspects of pain have advanced beyond what any single author can contribute. Additionally, the expansion of therapeutic modalities and the almost exponential growth in interest in pain have demanded the multidisciplinary contributions that constitute this text. The length, comprehensiveness, and multidisciplinary nature of the work suggested that review would require more than a generalist in anesthesiology, hence collaboration with a specialist in pain management. The work has five parts. The first deals with basic considerations underlying a comprehensive treatment of pain, including the history of theories of pain mechanisms and treatment. A valuable addition is the inclusion of the International Association for the
STERILITY WITH REFERENCE TO THE STATE
Authors: R. A. Gibbons
Journal: BMJ (1922)

ALTHOUGH sterility is naturally of keen inlterest to the indi.vi(lual wlho is anxious to lhave a cllild, it is of more vital moment to the millions constituting the State.The question beconles one of national concern, for upon a good average birtlh rate 'depends thie maintenance of the race.The popu- lation of a country is estimated by tlle balance of births over deaths, and immigration over emigration to otlher countries.It is quite evident that if there is a declining birth rate in any nation, and it is persistent, nothina really matters as to its wealth, ability, or accumulation of art treasures, for it is decadent, and must be considered doomed.Thlerefore every- tlling which science can do to produce hlealthy bodies, sani-.tarv surroundings, abundance of good food at a cheap rate, and labour with .proportionaterest, slhould be supported by tlhe State.We know that healthy men and women living in wedlock slhould " 1 be fruitful and multiply" if in lygienic surroundings, because congenital sterility or unavoidable sterility is rare, botlh in men and women.Therefore it has been truly said that tlle percentage of sterility is the index to the morals of a nation.'As we know that of late years the number of clhildren born in eaclh family lhas steadily declined from its former average it is evident that this matter becomes one of State importance.r lhave taken the following from the annual report of the Registrar-General, and, without producing all the figures, may state that in' England and Wales, from 1897, when there were 921,693 births, with a rate of 29.7 per 1,000, the numbers have gradually fallen to 668,340 births, with a rate of 17.8.per 1,000, in the year 1917.In 1918 the birth rate was 17.7 and the civilian death rate 17.6,2 and in 1919 the birth rate was 18.5.Between 1840 and 1880 the birth rate of England and Wales may be regarded as having been stationary at about 35 per 1,000, so tlhat, compared withl the above, the descent to 17.8 per 1,COO is serious.In London alone, from 133,616 birthis.witlh a rate per 1,000 of 30 in 1897, thlere was a fall to 80,554.,with a rate per 1,900 of 17.5.Even between 1877 aud 1909 there was a reduction of the birth rate in England of over 28 per cent.Tlle tables of the present official census show that as regards natural increase-that is, the balance of births over deaths-tlie numbers recorded from 1911 to 1914 may only be compared with those of earlier years, but not later.The fall in the birtlh rate during 1915 to 1918 was from 20 to 25 per cent.below wlhat might have been expected in normal circum- stances, and can therefore be attributed to the war, but tihe act#al amount of the figures during the intercensal period is not nearly sufficient to compensate for the deficiencies of the preceding years.8
EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS OF ETHYL ALCOHOL ON ESTIMATED HEPATIC BLOOD FLOW IN MAN*
Authors: Hans Castenfors, Eric Hultman, Bertil Josephson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

The effect of ethyl alcohol on the splanchnic or liver blood flow has been a matter of 'debate. According to earlier investigations [Starling (1)] ethanol has little effect on the cardiovascular system, its influence being mainly confined to a dilatation of the vessels of the skin and of the mucous membranes. The investigation of Smythe, Heinemann and Bradley on dogs (2) supported this concept. However, Mendeloff (3) in studies on man observed a striking increase in the splanchnic blood flow during intravenous infusions of ethyl alcohol. In this laboratory, metabolism of ethanol is now being studied. During these studies no effect of ethanol on the splanchnic blood flow could be found. The aim of this paper is to present these data.
Enhancement of antibody production to hepatitis B surface antigen by anti-idiotypic antibody.
Authors: S Kakumu, K Murase, A Tsubouchi, K Yoshioka, N Sakamoto
Journal: Gut (1986)

Studies were undertaken to determine whether anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Id) against antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) could modulate in vitro anti-HBs production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients positive for serum anti-HBs produced significantly increased amounts of anti-HBs by the addition of IgG fraction of anti-anti-HBs as well as purified HBsAg in a soluble form when compared to those in cultures with pokeweed mitogen alone.F(ab')2 but not Fc fragments of anti-anti-HBs significantly enhanced anti-HBs levels in cultures.Anti-anti-HBs or HBsAg alone, however, did not induce anti-HBs production.Anti-HBs production was not observed by the additions of these additives when peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic HBsAg carriers and control individuals were used.These findings indicate that anti-Id modulates the immune response to HBsAg.Jernel proposed that the immune response to an antigen can be regulated by a series of idiotype (Id)-anti-Id reactions.Ids, which are located on or close to the antigenbinding site of both antibody molecules and antigen receptors on lymphocytes, are components of this network.Anti-Id can limit the immune response to an antigen2 3 or, enhance the immune response to it.4 5Kennedy et al6 found that prior injection of antibodies to the idiotype of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) into mice markedly increased the number of spleen cells secreting immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-HBs when the mice were subsequently inoculated with HBs antigen (HBsAg).Anti-HBs secreting spleen cells were induced as well by the injection of the anti-Id alone without antigen.These findings suggest that the immune response to anti-HBs, at least in mice, is regulated through an Id-anti-Id network.Studies were undertaken to evaluate whether this system of immunoregulatory control is operative in man.In vitro culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with anti-anti-HBs or puri- fied HBsAg in the presence of pokeweed mitogen was used.
The Circle Closed
Authors: Ira Singer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

When the American Medical Association was formed in 1847, every "regularly constituted medical college or chartered school of medicine" enjoyed the privilege of sending two delegates to AMA conventions. One of the prime objectives of the newly organized AMA was to improve the quality of medical education in the United States. During the years, the organic nature of the AMA and its House of Delegates resulted in the loss of direct participation by medical schools. During the interim meeting of the House in December 1976, the delegates agreed to form the Section on Medical Schools to give academic medicine a direct voice in the proceedings of the House. The organizational meeting of the Section occurred in June 1977 in San Francisco. In June 1978 Section representatives discussed all matters related to medical education that would come before the House and through its representatives was able to convey the sense of
Solitary plaque‐like telangiectatic glomangioma
Authors: None Requena, None Galvan, None SÁnchez Yus, None Sangueza, None Kutzner, None Furio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We present a new clinicopathological variant of glomangioma. The lesion consisted of a painful solitary telangiectatic plaque on the right shoulder of a 33‐year‐old woman. It had been present for 3 years. Histopathology revealed ectatic vascular lumina within the dermis surrounded by glomus cells. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations confirmed the nature of the glomus cells. Acquired solitary plaque‐like telangiectatic glomangioma is a new and distinctive variant of cutaneous glomus tumour.
Complete Heart Block
Authors: G. Hugh Lawrence, Robert L. King, Robert M. Paine, Merrill P. Spencer, Michael L. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The constant and significant threat of sudden death in patients refractory to medical treatment for complete heart block, coupled with the enforced decreased activity associated with persistent bradycardia, can be relieved by the implantation of an electronic pacemaker. The operation for implantation in 17 patients has been well tolerated. All but two patients have experienced marked alleviation of their symptoms. Complications have included electrode wire disruption in four patients and pacemaker component failure in two patients. There has been one death ascribed to ventricular fibrillation three months following implantation. The concurrence of sinus rhythm and electrical pacemaking has been well tolerated when it has occurred. Measurement of peripheral arterial flow at varied ventricular rates appears to support the use of a fixed ventricular stimulation rate at about 70 beats per minute.
Abstract B47: Neural cells labeling with intracerebral ferumoxytol iron oxide nanoparticles in a rat model.
Authors: Yingjen Jeffrey Wu, Leslie L. Muldoon, Edward A. Neuwelt
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate uptake of ferumoxytol iron oxide nanoparticles into rat neural cells for a clinically applicable magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique. Materials and Methods: Long Evan rats were injected with intracerebral ferumoxytol (360 μg) iron oxide nanoparticles into the right hemisphere. A needle track in the left hemisphere was used as a sham control. Animals underwent T2-weighted fast spin-echo MRI sequences at 12T 48 h after nanoparticle inoculation. Immediately after MRI, single brain cell suspensions were produced from the right and left hemispheres, and neurospheres were stained for iron using Prussian blue histochemstry. Results: The ferumoxytol-injected right hemisphere showed decreased T2 signal compared to the sham injected left hemisphere. Positive iron staining was found in neural cells from the right cerebral hemisphere, although &amp;lt;5% of total cell number, while no positive iron staining cells were found in the left hemisphere. The decreasing T2 signal does not correlate the percentage of neural cells labeled with ferumoxytol iron oxide nanoparticles, indicating most of the nanoparticles were not cell-associated. The phenotypes of ferumoxytol-labeled neural cells will be characterized by immunohistochemistry for neural markers. No neural cell in vitro labeling was detected using ferumoxytol in combination with protamine sulfate and heparin. Conclusion: Iron oxide loading of neural cells in the brain parenchyma can be achieved with the clinically approved agent ferumoxytol. Iron labeling may be utilized to monitor neuro-inflammation and brain tumors after chemotherapy for non-invasive MRI. Citation Format: Yingjen Jeffrey Wu, Leslie L. Muldoon, Edward A. Neuwelt. Neural cells labeling with intracerebral ferumoxytol iron oxide nanoparticles in a rat model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B47.
European Union's tobacco products directive
Authors: M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Many questions remain about the influence of industry

On 8 October 2013, the European Union moved a step closer to strengthening tobacco control when members of the European Parliament (MEPs) voted for a European Commission proposal for a revised directive on tobacco products, albeit with extensive amendments. The appointed rapporteur, Linda McAvan MEP, will now seek agreement with representatives of the commission and the Council of the European Union (comprising national governments).

It is remarkable that the proposal has made it this far. The tobacco industry did everything possible to derail it, with Philip Morris spending up to €1.25m (£1.06m; $1.7m) in 2012 in intensive lobbying,1 mostly directed at MEPs.2 However, the legislation still faces many risks. The parliament, commission, and council must agree on the text, and the council presidency will rotate from Lithuania, whose health minister is a staunch advocate of tobacco control, …
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Factor, and Tests for Australia or Hepatitis-associated Antigen
Authors: C. J. Burrell, J. D. Dickson, H. Gerber, J. N. McCormick, B. P. Marmion
Journal: BMJ (1972)

False-positive results in tests for hepatitis-associated antigen using latex agglutination techniques may be due to rheumatoid factor in the serum. Possibly the use of IgM antibody in preparing the latex particles might diminish the occurrence of such reactions. No evidence was found for a relation between rheumatoid arthritis and a significant incidence of hepatitis-associated antigen detectable by countercurrent immunoelectro-osmophoresis.
899. Utilizing the Vector Transport Properties of AAV-9 as a Method To Get Widespread Distribution of a Therapeutic Gene within the CNS
Authors: Cassia N. Cearley, John H. Wolfe
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The use of gene therapy to treat disorders of the central nervous system has been limited due to the invasiveness of the multiple injections needed for widespread distribution of the therapeutic gene. The use of gene transfer vectors that can deliver the therapeutic gene to a larger brain region with a limited number of injections needs further exploration. Our lab and others have shown that injections of viral vectors expressing genes for lysosomal enzymes can result in retrograde and anterograde transport of the enzyme to certain afferent and efferent projections of the injected nuclei. We have also found, using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors packaged in AAV-9 capsid proteins, that the vector genome can be transported. Based on these findings, our hypothesis was that injecting AAV 9 into regions of the brain with widespread projections, such as the locus coeruleus (LC) or ventral tegmental area (VTA), would lead to wider distribution of vector genome and more extensive dispersal of the enzyme. For this experiment, we unilaterally injected AAV 9 expressing the human lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase (hGUSB) into the LC or VTA of C3H mice, and then looked for vector and enzyme distribution 2 months post-injection. We found that a single injection of AAV 9 resulted in enzyme dispersal from the olfactory bulbs to the spinal cord, due to transport of the vector and enzyme to projection sites of the injected nucleus. This information may be useful for devising new treatment options for genetic diseases of the CNS, where multiple injections are not optimal.
Nephrotoxicity of Cephaloridine
Authors: DIETER KLEINKNECHT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 March 1974Nephrotoxicity of CephaloridineDIETER KLEINKNECHT, M.D., PAUL JUNGERS, M.D., JEAN-PAUL FILLASTRE, M.D.DIETER KLEINKNECHT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL JUNGERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JEAN-PAUL FILLASTRE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-3-421 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his paper on cephaloridine (Ann Intern Med 79:561-565, 1973), Dr. Mandell reviewed the nephrotoxicity of this drug. He stated that "numerous reports also attest that treatment with doses of 4 g or less daily, in patients with normal renal function, does not result in detectable renal impairment."We recently reported (1) 13 patients in whom acute anuric renal failure appeared after cephaloridine therapy prescribed for bacterial endocarditis or other infectious diseases; 6 of them had previously normal renal function but developed renal failure after receiving daily doses of 4 g or less (Table 1). As was...References1. JUNGERSKLEINKNECHTMIGNON PDF: Les insuffisances rénales aiguës lieés à l'administration de céphaloridine et de gentamycine. Proceedings of the VIIe Journées de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Nancy, 1972, vol. 1, Paris, SPEI, 1973, pp. 361-390 Google Scholar2. TURCKBELCHERRONALD MDA: New cephalosporin antibiotic-cephaloridine. Clinical and laboratory evaluation. Arch Intern Med 119:50-59, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. STEIGBIGELKISLAKTILLES NJJ: Clinical evaluation of cephaloridine. Arch Intern Med 121:24-38, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Nephrology Hôpital de Montreuil CHU Necker, Paris and CHU de Rouen, France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBeta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-Lactam AntibioticsA study of the nephrotoxicity of three cephalosporins in rabbits using 1H NMR spectroscopyNephrotoxic Tubular and Interstitial Lesions: Morphology and ClassificationDifferent Forms of Ischemic/ Toxic Acute Renal Failure in HumansEffect of phenobarbital on cephaloridine toxicity and accumulation in rabbit and rat kidneysThe Nephrotoxicity of Antimicrobial Agents 1 March 1974Volume 80, Issue 3Page: 421-422KeywordsBacterial diseasesDrugsEndocarditisInfectious diseasesRenal failure Issue Published: 1 March 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Superantigen Molecule, T-Cell Interaction Studied for Clinical Clues to Defense Against Retroviruses
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

SUPERANTIGENS that render deadly retroviruses helpless are the subject of intense scrutiny at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass. Pathology professor Brigitte Huber, PhD, did her doctoral work on these curious molecules shortly after the first was described in mice as a minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigen in the early 1970s. It is expressed in such small quantities that it was only detected by its amazing capacity to stimulate T cells. "It had been kind of an enigma," says Huber. It also had "this peculiarity, it acted very differently from normal antigens," says Huber, in that it interacted only with the V-β segment of T-cell receptors, off to the side of where normal antigens link up with T cells. But nobody could find the gene encoding this molecule, she remembers. It is expressed in such low quantities that it is "virtually impossible to raise in antisera," she says. "The only way
Interleukin 1? and interleukin 6, but not tumor necrosis factor ?, inhibit insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Toshiki Kanemaki, Hiroaki Kitade, Masaki Kaibori, Kazushige Sakitani, Yoshifumi Hiramatsu, Yasuo Kamiyama, Seiji Ito, Tadayoshi Okumura
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Recent evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines are involved in changes of blood glucose concentrations and hepatic glucose metabolism in infectious diseases, including sepsis. However, little is known regarding how cytokines interact with glucoregulatory hormones such as insulin. The objective of the present study is to investigate if and how cytokines influence insulin-stimulated glycogen metabolism in the liver. Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) markedly inhibited the increase of glycogen deposition stimulated by insulin in primary rat hepatocyte cultures; however, tumor necrosis factor α had no effect. Labeling experiments revealed that both cytokines counteracted insulin action by decreasing [ 14 C]-glucose incorporation into glycogen and by increasing [ 14 C]-glycogen degradation. Furthermore, it was discovered that IL-1β and IL-6 inhibited glycogen synthase activity and, in contrast, accelerated glycogen phosphorylase activity. In experiments with kinase inhibitors, serine/threonine kinase inhibitor K252a blocked IL-1β- and IL-6-induced inhibitions of glycogen deposition, as well as glycogen synthase activity, whereas another kinase inhibitor staurosporine blocked only IL-6-induced inhibition. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A blocked only IL-1β-induced inhibition. These results indicate that IL-1β and IL-6 regulate insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis through different pathways involving protein phosphorylation in hepatocytes. They may mediate the change of hepatic glucose metabolism under pathological and even physiological conditions by modifying insulin action in vivo .
Distinctive human social motivations in a game-theoretic framework
Authors: Don Ross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

I discuss implications of Tomasello et al's hypothesis that humans exhibit distinctive collective intentionality for game-theoretic approaches to modeling human evolution. Representing the hypothesis game-theoretically forces a question about whether it implies only distinctively human motivations or both distinctive motivations and distinctive cognitive capacities for representation of intentions. I also note that the hypothesis explains uniquely human ideological conflict and invites game-theoretic modeling of this.