tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations of combined factor V and VIII deficiency: A series of 37 cases from a single center in India
Authors: Auro Viswabandya, Shoma Baidya, Sukesh C. Nair, Kavitha M. Lakshmi, Vikram Mathews, Biju George, Mammen Chandy, Alok Srivastava
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

CIBMTR) held their 12th Annual Tandem Meeting this February in Orlando, Florida.This International Transplant Meeting brought together a record 2,570 attendees from 45 countries, and included the state of the art educational and plenary sessions and 478 oral and poster presentations.Recently, the American Journal of Hematology published a series of articles reviewing the ''Top 10 clinically oriented abstracts'' presented at the 2009 American Society of Hematology meeting [1].Given how well this series was received, we believed it would be worthwhile providing a similar review of relevant abstracts from this year's BMT meetings.There has been dramatic progress in this field that we believe is of great interest and importance to the hematology/oncology community.There was an incredible body of work presented and it is misleading to suggest that there is a ''top 10'' list.Many more abstracts than can be presented here are worthy of discussion and recognition and any exclusion of important studies is solely a reflection of space limitation rather than quality of work.We tried to pick abstracts that were important, novel, biologically interesting, and that address either changing or controversial areas in the field.All 10 abstracts are published in full in the February 2010 issue of Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (volume 16, No. 2) and are identified here by their abstract number.Frequency of CD4 1 CD25 hi FOXP3 1 Regulatory T Cells Has Diagnostic and Prognostic Value As a Biomarker for Acute Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (#5)
1256 PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO HEPATITIS E VIRUS: A SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL SURVEY IN THE DISTRICT OF FOGGIA (APULIA-SOUTHERN ITALY)
Authors: G. Scotto, M. Centra, M. Querques, T. Santantonio, G. D'Addiego, F. Campanale, R. Antonetti, V. Fazio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Breath, alcohol, and the law.
Authors: T C Beard
Journal: BMJ (1977)

whereas 19 % of the women on diuretics had hypokalaemia of varying degrees.My conclusions are that the evidence in favour of a general recommendation of potassium supplementation in elderly, non- digitalised cardiac patients on diuretics is insufficient and that elderly women are prob- ably more prone to diuretic-associated hypo- kalaemia than elderly men.R
The effects of nifedipine on myocardial blood flow and contraction during ischemia in the dog.
Authors: W S Weintraub, S Hattori, J B Agarwal, M M Bodenheimer, V S Banka, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Nifedipine has been proposed as an agent to preserve viability and function of ischemic myocardium. We studied 23 open-chest dogs that underwent carotid-to-left anterior coronary artery perfusion with flow probe and perfusion pressure monitoring. Segment length was measured with ultrasonic crystals in the ischemic and nonischemic endocardium. Myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Partial coronary occlusion was performed to 25 mm Hg diastolic perfusion pressure. Ten dogs received intracoronary nifedipine, 10 micrograms, and 13 dogs received i.v. nifedipine, 3 micrograms/kg/min. Nifedipine resulted in an increase in segmental shortening in both groups, but nonischemic zone shortening did not change in either group. Nifedipine did not affect myocardial blood flow in the ischemic zone, but increased flow in the nonischemic zone in the group that received i.v. nifedipine. Thus, nifedipine appears to have a direct beneficial effect on ischemic myocardium.
HIGH-RISK MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY ARE CORRELATED WITH COMPLEX ANGIOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Andreas Synetos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Antonis Karanasos, Elefterios Tsiamis, Maria Drakopoulou, Maria Riga, John Karambelas, Costas Tsioufis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Combined inhibition of PI3K-related DNA damage response kinases and mTORC1 induces apoptosis in MYC-driven B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Jake Shortt, Benjamin P. Martin, Andrea Newbold, Katherine M. Hannan, Jennifer R. Devlin, Adele J. Baker, Rachael Ralli, Carleen Cullinane, Clemens A. Schmitt, Maurice Reimann, Michael N. Hall, Meaghan Wall, Ross D. Hannan, Richard B. Pearson, Grant A. McArthur, Ricky W. Johnstone
Journal: Blood (2013)
HAZARDS OF PROLONGED INTUBATION AND TRACHEOTOMY EQUIPMENT
Authors: Leslie Rendell-Baker
Journal: JAMA (1968)

After open-heart and other major surgery, prolonged endotracheal intubation for postoperative respiratory assistance may cause irritation and damage to the mucous membranes of the airways. The communication by Guess and Stetson on page 580 of this issue draws attention to one possible cause, if polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic tubes are used. Though unnoticed in medical journals, this problem has concerned scientists for some years. It is appropriate, therefore, to alert the medical profession to several difficulties which have arisen with this equipment. All PVC used for endotracheal tubes contains stabilizer compounds which, during use, tend to leach out of the plastic. Guess and Stetson show that some stabilizers may cause serious irritation when the plastic remains in contact with the tissues for several days. When tubes were used solely for anesthesia, past freedom from complaints may be explained by the shorter period of contact. In the absence of national standards
Payment offered to injured trial participants has strings attached
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Lawyers for the six men who were injured when a drugs trial went disastrously wrong say that their clients have been offered an interim payment of £5000 (£7200; $8950) each. But Martyn Day, the solicitor representing four of the men, said that the offer is conditional on acceptance of the company's compensation scheme, under which the final amount is settled by arbitration. The offer comes as it emerged that the men may not receive adequate compensation because the pharmaceutical firm that …
Can (and should) Africa make its own medicines?
Authors: M. Kardas-Nelson
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Africa has a huge burden of disease but makes few of its own drugs. Mara Kardas-Nelson reports on the region’s nascent pharmaceutical industry and its chances of success

Support for Africa producing medicines is in vogue these days. The World Health Organization executive director, Margaret Chan, supports it.1 So does Michel Sidibe, head of UNAIDS. “The goal is to address health inequities and build capacity to meet supply shortages for essential health commodities that cannot be sourced reliably and sustainably from outside the continent,” they wrote last year.1 Major international organisations and donors, from the UN Industrial Development Organization (Unido)2 to the German Federal Enterprise for International Cooperation,3 are providing technical assistance to make local production happen, and the African Union has put together a business plan to spur its implementation.4

The rationale for local production is simple: it is assumed that big donors bankrolling many of Africa’s programmes for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, three of the continent’s biggest killers, won’t stick around forever. Africa imports 70% of its drugs,5 and if African countries have to pick up more of the tab, some drugs could instead be produced at home, bolstering local economies. Local production might also provide a more steady supply of medicines, ensuring that drugs are immediately available during local health emergencies and even in the face of international shocks, such as when the Chinese government closed down its chemical companies during the Beijing Olympics, leading to shortages of active pharmaceutical ingredients used by some African countries.6 

Local production could also give greater control to overstretched African regulators, which are battling against low quality drugs, sometimes made in far-off factories that are difficult to monitor. African companies, governments, and international organisations that support local production say the aspiration is for Africa …
COUNTERPOINT: Molecular Analysis of the Angiotensin II Receptor*
Authors: KENNETH E. BERNSTEIN, R. WAYNE ALEXANDER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

THOUGH Tigerstedt described the ability of a kidney extract to influence blood pressure in 1898 (1), it is within this century that the remarkable physiology and medical significance of the renin-angiotensin system has been delineated. Within the last 5 yr, two new developments have taken place, the synthesis of nonpeptidic antagonists of angiotensin II and, most recently, the isolation of complementary DNA encoding the vascular form of the angiotensin II receptor. These two developments are intellectually linked and complementary; they foreshadow future directions in understanding and manipulating the renin-angiotensin system. Here, we describe our research that led to the isolation of cDNA encoding the rat vascular angiotensin II receptor (2). Until the development of nonpeptidic antagonists of angiotensin II, pharmacological studies of angiotensin II receptors employed angiotensin II or other peptide analogs. Such studies demonstrated a heterogeneity of apparent receptors based on pharmacological, physiological, and biochemical evidence. For example, it was reported that angiotensin III is more potent in stimulating aldosterone production than angiotensin II, whereas the converse is true for elevating blood pressure (3, 4). In 1984 Gunther (5) measured the binding of [125I]angiotensin II to liver membranes and found two receptors, one of high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) 0.35 nM] and another with a lower affinity (Kd 3.1 nM). Only the high affinity site was inactivated by treatment with the reducing agent dithiothreitol.
Comparative effects of three calcium antagonists, diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine, on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Experimental and clinical studies.
Authors: C Kawai, T Konishi, E Matsuyama, H Okazaki
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine suppress sinoatrial (SA) nodal function in the excised rabbit heart. Clinically, however, their suppressive effect on the SA node is modified considerably by the reflex increase in sympathetic tone as a result of the fall in blood pressure caused by the vasodilating action of the calcium antagonists. Diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine suppress atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction and prolong refractory periods in the excised rabbit AV node. Clinically, diltiazem and verapamil exert a similar suppressive effect on the AV node and are useful for treating and preventing AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Nifedipine, in clinically practical doses, has no antiarrhythmic properties, probably because of reflex activation of the sympathetic system secondary to its hypotensive effect, which is greater than that of the other two calcium antagonists. Diltiazem and verapamil may sometimes worsen AV conduction, especially in patients with conduction disturbances. Nifedipine, on the other hand, can be used as a coronary vasodilator with the least untoward effect on AV conduction.
Importance of markers of hepatitis B virus in alcoholic liver disease.
Authors: J B Saunders, A D Wodak, P Morgan-Capner, Y S White, B Portmann, M Davis, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1983)

To determine the importance of the presence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with alcohol related liver disease we compared cumulative alcohol intake and clinical and histological features in patients with markers of hepatitis B virus infection and in those without. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in five (2%) out of 285 patients studied and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in 41 (14%); one patient had antibody to hepatitis B core antigen alone. The combined prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus infection was similar in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (18%) and precirrhotic liver disease (13%). Two patients positive for HBsAg had histological features of both alcoholic liver disease and chronic active hepatitis, with stainable HBsAg. Patients with anti-HBs were, however, histologically indistinguishable from patients without markers, and the mean cumulative alcohol intake of patients with anti-HBs was similar to or even higher than that of patients with liver disease of comparable severity who had no evidence of previous infection. The presence of markers of hepatitis B virus infection was related to former residence in countries with a high prevalence of the infection and to previous parenteral treatment and blood transfusions. Infection with hepatitis B virus does not enhance the development of chronic liver disease in heavy drinkers, except in the small number who remain positive for HBsAg.
Auscultation of the Heart
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Simply to read about heart sounds and try to form a mental image of sound from a verbal description is, for the novice, a frustrating experience. Phonocardiograms help, particularly to portray matters of timing. But nothing can match persevering bedside experience with a capable, articulate, and patient teacher.  For the person who wishes to study cardiac auscultation on his own, Segal and Likoff have prepared a concise guide. Their text is coordinated with recordings available in high-fidelity 33 1/3 rpm longplaying discs and also on tapes at 3 3/4 and 7 1/2 inches per second. The authors concern themselves with more than merely heart sounds and murmurs, for examination of the precordium, the venous and the arterial pulses are also covered. The authors examine current theories of the genesis and transmission of heart sounds and murmurs in the light of evidence culled from a sound bibliography, and they adduce additional
Community-based lifestyle modification programme for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Ruth Suk-Mei Chan, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Bernice Ho-Ki Cheung, Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu, David Ka-Wai Yeung, Angel Mei-Ling Chim, Jennifer Wing-Yan Lai, Liz Sin Li, Mandy Man-Mei Sea, Francis Ka-Leung Chan, Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung, Jean Woo, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Effect of tight control of inflammation in early psoriatic arthritis (TICOPA): a UK multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Laura C Coates, Anna R Moverley, Lucy McParland, Sarah Brown, Nuria Navarro-Coy, John L O'Dwyer, David M Meads, Paul Emery, Philip G Conaghan, Philip S Helliwell
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
PMO-153 Hepatitis A virus vaccination in persons with hepatitis C virus infection: consequences of implementation in low incidence areas
Authors: I A Rowe, R Parker, M J Armstrong, D D Houlihan, D Mutimer
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatitis A virus (HAV) superinfection in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with a high mortality rate. Consequently HAV vaccination is recommended by many authorities for this patient group. The incidence of HAV is low and has been reducing in many areas, including Western Europe and the USA. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the cost and clinical consequences of routine vaccination in persons with HCV infection. <h3>Methods</h3> To determine the mortality risk of HAV superinfection a meta-analysis including studies reporting mortality in HCV infected persons was done using RevMan 5.1 (Cochrane Collaboration). Data were extracted independently by two investigators and recorded on a standardised spreadsheet. The pooled mortality estimate was used to determine the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent mortality from HAV. The total vaccine cost was also calculated. Baseline mortality and cost data from the US were used as an example. <h3>Results</h3> 239 studies were identified using a defined search strategy. From those, 11 appeared to be relevant to the study and of these 7 were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR for mortality risk in HAV superinfection of HCV infected persons was 7.23 (95% CI 1.24 to 42.12) with significant heterogeneity (<i>I<sup>2</sup></i>=56%, p=0.03) between studies. Case-fatality rates are however low, and in the US at the last estimate (2007) the number of deaths from HAV in the general population was 34 per year (0.2/1 000 000 population). Using the pooled OR for mortality that translates to 1.4 deaths per 1 000 000 susceptible persons with HCV per year. The NNV to prevent 1 death per year is therefore 814 849 assuming 90% vaccine uptake and 94.3% vaccine efficiency. The vaccine cost for this totals $162 million, or $80.1 million per death prevented per year. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data challenge the utility of routine HAV vaccination in HCV infected persons and its incorporation into clinical practice guidelines. HAV vaccination of all HCV infected persons in low incidence areas is likely to expose many individuals to an intervention that is of no direct benefit. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Repair of meniscal lesions using a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct derived from allogenic synovial MSCs in a miniature swine model
Authors: Yu Moriguchi, Kosuke Tateishi, Wataru Ando, Kazunori Shimomura, Yasukazu Yonetani, Yoshinari Tanaka, Keisuke Kita, David A. Hart, Alberto Gobbi, Konsei Shino, Hideki Yoshikawa, Norimasa Nakamura
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Expression of eotaxin in induced sputum of atopic and nonatopic asthmatics
Authors: K. Zeibecoglou, S. Ying, Q. Meng, A. B. Kay, D. S. Robinson, N. Papageorgiou
Journal: Allergy (2000)

The chemokine eotaxin has been implicated in airway eosinophilia in atopic asthma. We have compared airway eosinophils and eotaxin expression in induced sputum from well-matched atopic and nonatopic asthmatics.Eosinophil numbers, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and the expression of eotaxin were examined in induced sputum from atopic asthmatics (AA = 11), nonatopic asthmatics (NAA = 11), and atopic (AC = 12) and normal (NC = 10) controls. Slides were prepared for differential cell counts by Romanowsky stain, and ECP levels were measured by RIA. Eotaxin expression was detected by in situ hybridization, with 35S-labelled riboprobes and immunocytochemistry.The numbers of eosinophils and ECP concentration were increased in the sputum of AA and NAA compared with AC and NC (P < 0.05). The numbers of eotaxin mRNA+ and immunoreactive cells were increased in NAA, but not AA, when compared with controls (P < 0.05). Eotaxin immunoreactive cells in NAA were significantly higher than in AA (P < 0.05). Eotaxin was expressed predominantly by macrophages, eosinophils, and epithelial cells. In NAA, but not AA, the numbers of eotaxin mRNA+ cells were correlated with histamine PC20 (r = -0.81, P < 0.01) and eosinophil numbers in sputum (r = 0.7, P < 0.05).Eotaxin production by macrophages, eosinophils, and epithelial cells may play a more pronounced role in airway eosinophilia in nonatopic than in atopic asthma.
Maximising utility does not promote survival
Authors: Daniel B. Cohen, Lauren L. Saling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We argue that maximising utility does not promote survival. Hence, there is no reason to expect people to modulate effort according to a task's opportunity costs. There is also no reason why our evaluation of the marginal opportunity costs of tasks should predictably rise with repetition. Thus, the opportunity cost model cannot explain why tasks typically become harder over time.
Triage of intensive care patients: identifying agreement and controversy
Authors: Charles L. Sprung, Marion Danis, Gaetano Iapichino, Antonio Artigas, Jozef Kesecioglu, Rui Moreno, Anne Lippert, J. Randall Curtis, Paula Meale, Simon L. Cohen, Mitchell M. Levy, Robert D. Truog
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
A CLINICAL NOTE ON THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY BEFORE THE HABIT IS FORMED.
Authors: E. D. FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Though many links in the chain which would represent the complete pathology of epilepsy are lacking, enough is known to furnish occasionally a clew to rational treatment, and whether our measures may be addressed to some etiologic factor or be symptomatic as the administration of the bromids for the control or diminution of the attacks, it seems fairly evident that in the majority of instances the longer and more frequently the seizures have been occurring the greater will be the difficulty in abolishing them or diminishing their frequency. In a general way, the influence of long continued recurrence is recognized under the name of habit, and is no doubt to be accorded some importance; for it will scarcely be necessary to adduce illustrations of the influence of habit on many of the functions of the body. Undoubtedly, in the treatment of epilepsy, more brilliant results will obtain in those cases
Fractal dimension can distinguish models and pharmacologic changes in liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Frédéric Moal, Daniel Chappard, Jianhua Wang, Eric Vuillemin, Sophie Michalak-Provost, Marie Christine Rousselet, Frédéric Oberti, Paul Calès
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Fractal analysis measures the complexity of geometric structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of fractal analysis in liver fibrosis. A total of 77 rats were included: 10 sham, 46 with fibrosis secondary to bile duct ligation (BDL), and 21 with fibrosis due to CCl(4) intoxication. Measurements included the fractal dimension of Kolmogorov (D(k)), histologic lesions, the area of fibrosis by image analysis, liver hydroxyproline content, messenger RNA fibronectin, serum hyaluronate level, and portal pressure. Fibrotic rats were given placebo, octreotide, or O(2)-vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO). Intraobserver agreement of D(k) was excellent with the intraclass (ic) correlation coefficient r(ic) = 0.91 (P <.0001) as well as the interobserver agreement with r(ic) = 0.88 (P <.001). D(k) was correlated with other measurements or markers of fibrosis: the area of fibrosis (r = 0.75; P <.0001), hydroxyproline content (r = 0.51; P <.001), serum hyaluronate level (r = 0.52; P <.001), and portal pressure (r = 0.52; P <.01). D(k) was significantly different between the 2 models of fibrosis (P <.0001), unlike the area of fibrosis, and this relationship was independent of other histologic lesions. The significant decrease in fibrosis observed with octreotide or V-PYRRO/NO was similarly reflected by D(k) or the area of fibrosis. The diagnostic accuracy for the fibrosis model was 97% with the 5 main measurements or markers of fibrosis studied, with D(k) isolated at the first step by stepwise analysis. In conclusion, fractal analysis is suitable for analyzing liver fibrosis and has excellent reproducibility. This is the only quantitative morphometric method that can discriminate among the models of fibrosis and is sensitive enough to detect pharmacologically induced changes in liver fibrosis.