tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remodeling of coronary vessels during aging in purebred beagles.
Authors: R J Tomanek, M R Aydelotte, R J Torry
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We compared six young (1 year) and six senescent (11 years) purebred beagles to determine the effects of aging on the coronary microvasculature. The hearts were perfusion-fixed in vitro, and myocardial specimens were subjected to microscopic image analysis. Absolute left ventricular mass increased by 55% with age, while cardiocyte cross-sectional area increased by 10% and 30% in the midmyocardium and endomyocardium, respectively. Although capillary numerical density was lower in the senescent dogs (16% in midmyocardium and 19% in endomyocardium), volume density was similar in the two groups because capillary diameter increased significantly with age in both regions. Capillary length density was reduced by 27% with age in the endomyocardium of the old beagles. Wall/lumen ratios of arterioles of three size classes (less than or equal to 15, 16-25, and 26-50 microns) were found to be nearly identical for the two age groups. Mean arteriolar diameter increased within the smallest size class in both ventricular regions. In contrast, a twofold or greater increase in wall thickness with age occurred in the left anterior descending coronary artery and its first branch, which was mainly due to expansion of the medial interstitium. The connective tissue fraction of the myocardium was significantly higher in the senescent than in the young in the epimyocardium and midmyocardium but not in the endomyocardium. These data provide evidence for three conclusions regarding aging of coronary vessels in beagles. First, a decline in capillary length density is limited to the endomyocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of sCD23 on proliferation of leukemic cells from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia during blast crisis
Authors: F. Morel, V. Delwail, A. Brizard, A. Meseri, F. Guilhot, P. Goube de Laforest, J. C. Lecron
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract The present study has attempted to further delineate the growth factor requirements of peripheral blasts of a patient with CML in acute phase. Phenotypic analysis of leukemic blasts from this patient before culture has shown a homogenous population of CD34 + cells at the onset of blast crisis. In the second and third samples the percentage of CD34 + DR + blast cells decreased slightly and up to 32% of cells in the third sample expressed the CD19 antigen. Optimal proliferation of cells derived from the first sample required the presence of exogenous sCD23 and to a lesser extent IL7. The stimulatory effects of sCD23 and IL7 were clearly reduced 4 months later and no longer detected after 6 months. This variability in growth factor response along with disease progression may be related to phenotypic differentiation. There was no evidence for lymphoid or myeloid maturation after 4 days of liquid culture. Our results in conjunction with previous studies are in agreement with sCD23‐involvement in the complex control of proliferative processes at both normal and leukemic stages, demonstrating that cytokines are critical in determining CML cell proliferation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of microbial aetiology at admission to hospital for pneumonia from the presenting clinical features. British Thoracic Society Pneumonia Research Subcommittee.
Authors: B M Farr, D L Kaiser, B D Harrison, C K Connolly
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The selection of initial antimicrobial treatment in a patient with community acquired pneumonia is an important clinical decision. Because this decision is usually made before the results of specific microbiological tests are available, we attempted to determine how well the presenting clinical features would allow prediction of microbial aetiology in 441 adults admitted to hospital with pneumonia. Five of 90 variable available on admission were selected for inclusion in a multivariate discriminant function analysis because of their strong association with one or more of the major aetiological subsets (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, "other," and undetermined). These variables were age, number of days ill before admission, presence or absence of bloody sputum and of lobar infiltration on chest radiograph, and white blood cell count. The microbial aetiology was correctly predicted by this discriminant function analysis in only 42% of cases, which gives a quantitative estimate of the degree of difficulty encountered in determining the microbial aetiology at the time of admission for pneumonia. When a similar discriminant function analysis was applied to the third of patients in whom the microbial aetiology was never determined, most of these cases were predicted to be due to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Equivalence of Thyroid Preparations
Authors: Jonathan C. Ingbar
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent letter Jacobson and his colleagues (243:733, 1980), reported observations that led them to conclude that the bioavailability of thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) is significantly greater in Levothroid (formerly Letter) than in Synthroid, both commercial preparations of levothyroxine sodium. In ten patients who had diffuse goiter, hypothyroidism, or thyroid nodules, serum T<sub>4</sub>concentrations after an initial month of treatment with 100 μg of Levothroid daily (14.1±1.0 μg/dL) were significantly greater than those seen after a subsequent month of comparable treatment with Synthroid (10.9±1.1 μg/ dL). Though numerical data were not presented, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were reported to be generally lower during treatment with Levothroid than during treatment with Synthroid. The writers did not suggest that either preparation was preferable to the other, merely that they were different. We are writing now because our own experience in this regard has been different. In somewhat similar
Reoperation Rates for Laparoscopic vs Open Repair of Femoral Hernias in Denmark
Authors: Kristoffer Andresen, Thue Bisgaard, Henrik Kehlet, Pål Wara, Jacob Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

In Denmark approximately 10 000 groin hernias are repaired annually, of which 2% to 4% are femoral hernias. Several methods for repair of femoral hernias are used including sutured repair and different types of mesh repair with either open or laparoscopic techniques. The use of many different approaches reflects a rather low level of evidence for the best method of repair. Randomized clinical trials are lacking. Large, prospective cohort studies are an alternative way of acquiring improved evidence regarding the best type of repair.To investigate the reoperation rate after laparoscopic vs open femoral hernia repair, analyzing data from a nationwide database.A prospective cohort study was conducted. Data on femoral hernia repairs registered in the Danish Hernia Database from January 1998 until February 2012 were extracted and analyzed. All repairs were followed in the database and analyzed for reports of reoperation, which were used as a proxy for recurrence. Femoral hernia recurrence and inguinal hernia occurrence after the index repair were analyzed.Repair of a femoral hernia.Reoperation for a femoral hernia.A total of 3970 primary femoral hernia repairs were analyzed; 27.3% occurred in men. There were 2413 elective repairs (60.8%) and 1557 emergency procedures (39.2%). In a multivariate analysis, laparoscopic repair was found to result in reduced risk of reoperation (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.09-0.95) compared with open repair. The risk of reoperation was higher in women (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.10-3.45). Furthermore, the laparoscopic approach seemed to reduce the risk of subsequent occurrence of an inguinal hernia in the same groin.Laparoscopic repair of a femoral hernia reduces the risk of reoperation for a recurrence compared with open repair. The results from this study support the guidelines recommending the use of the laparoscopic approach for repair of femoral hernias.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY RECOGNITION AND TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT.Read before the Philadelphia County Medical Society, March 14,1894.
Authors: JOSEPH S. GIBB
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The introduction of a subject so time-worn and stale might require an apology were it not that notwithstanding there is a plethora of literature there still remains a singular indifference and lack of appreciation of the merits of the matter in the mind of the general practitioner. Doubtless much of this is due to the very voluminous character of the literature, which tends rather to interest those for whom the subject has an especial attraction. We read much of the histologie structure of the various hypertrophies, and numerous are the instruments introduced for their destruction. We read less of the best means of demonstrating their existence, the etiologic factors concerned in their production, and the prophylactic measures which may be adopted to prevent their development. Perhaps no single abnormal condition is productive of more marked alterations in physical beauty and healthy functions than diseases producing obstruction in the upper respiratory
The Cost of Coronary Bypass Procedures
Authors: William S. Stoney
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We reviewed the financial records of 200 successive patients who had coronary artery bypass surgery in the first three months of 1976. The average hospital bill was $7,690 and the average length of stay was 18 days. The highest bill was $28,329 (79 days) and the lowest was $6,126 (11 days). The average total physician charge to the patient was $3,240. The total average hospital and physician cost was $10,930. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2278-2280, 1978)
Basic Research in Kidney Cancer
Authors: Egbert Oosterwijk, W. Kimryn Rathmell, Kerstin Junker, A. Rose Brannon, Frédéric Pouliot, David S. Finley, Peter F.A. Mulders, Ziya Kirkali, Hirotsugo Uemura, Arie Belldegrun
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Sofosbuvir-Based Treatment Regimens for Chronic, Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus Infection in U.S. Incarcerated Populations
Authors: Shan Liu, Daena Watcha, Mark Holodniy, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is high among incarcerated persons in the United States. New, short-duration, high-efficacy therapies may expand treatment eligibility in this population. Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of sofosbuvir for HCV treatment in incarcerated populations. Design: Markov model. Data Sources: Published literature and expert opinion. Target Population: Treatment-naive men with chronic, genotype 1 HCV monoinfection. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Intervention: No treatment, 2-drug therapy (pegylated interferon and ribavirin), or 3-drug therapy with either boceprevir or sofosbuvir. For inmates with short remaining sentences (<1.5 years), only no treatment or sofosbuvir 3-drug therapy was feasible; for those with long sentences (≥1.5 years; mean, 10 years), all strategies were considered. After release, eligible persons could receive sofosbuvir 3-drug therapy. Outcome Measures: Discounted costs (in 2013 U.S. dollars), discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results of Base-Case Analysis: The strategies yielded 13.12, 13.57, 14.43, and 15.18 QALYs, respectively, for persons with long sentences. Sofosbuvir produced the largest absolute reductions in decompensated cirrhosis (16%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (9%), resulting in 2.1 additional QALYs at an added cost exceeding $54 000 compared with no treatment. For persons with short sentences, sofosbuvir cost $25 700 per QALY gained compared with no treatment; for those with long sentences, it dominated other treatments, costing $28 800 per QALY gained compared with no treatment. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: High reinfection rates in prison attenuated cost-effectiveness for persons with long sentences. Limitations: Data on sofosbuvir's long-term effectiveness and price are limited. The analysis did not consider women, Hispanic persons, or patients co-infected with HIV or hepatitis B virus. Conclusion: Sofosbuvir-based treatment is cost-effective for incarcerated persons, but affordability is an important consideration. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Myalgia and Myositis
Authors: T. Inman
Journal: BMJ (1860)

Such cases show the sort of injuries with which tetanus is connected.Conversely, Sir Charles Bell says, " a kindly sup- purating wound is least allied to it."It would seem that the advent of symptoms is as the age, younger the subject, quicker their accession, and vice versa, which is no more than we should a' priori expect.From this sore umbilicus, then, the inateries morbi circulates; but whether through the umbilical vein-arteries or surrounding vessels, it is not for me to decide.Dr. West says, "the umbi- lical vein has presented signs of phlebitis."Small local sources of formidable maladies may be and are readily overlooked.Take the following case of pytemia from a boil:-" A man had a small boil just above the right eye- brow, wlich had been squeezed open.Erythema followed-a soporous state, and death on the fourth day.The seat of the small ftiruncle was no longer perceptible, yet the vein in the neighbourhood was found filled with pus where it entered the facial vein.From this insignificant place, therefore, the blood had been iupregnated with pus." (Dr.Stromeyer, British and Foreign ]lIedico-Chirurgical Reviev, January 1 856.)Take also, " meningitis of the cord, set up by phlebitis of the cervical veins, from chronic disease of the ear."Also, " para- plegia associated with gonorrhaea, from phlebitis of the vesical and pelvic veins, extending to the veins of the spine."(Dr. Gull.)Albscess of the brain and lungs, from a diseased ear, and of the liver, from ulcers of the intestiines, are sufficiently well known.Diabetes, from a blow on the head, may also be named.We have been in the habit of requiring too manifest causes, and too extensive patbological appearances, to satisfy us of their effects and influences-to say nothing of our somewhat saltatory search, which could recognise nothing but bulky alterations-nearly forgetting delicate structure and susceptible function." We may conclude," says Dr. Gull, " that the spinal cord may have its functions impaired, and even lost, and that suddenly, as far as the power of motion is concerned, without any distinct amount of anatomical lesion.
Points from Letters: Launching of New Drugs
Authors: H. J. Carne, A. J. Dell, D. Mitchell, M. S. Andrews, S. Swirsky
Journal: BMJ (1974)

poem.I was particularly interested as there is a current neglect of medals as a source of medical history.May I make some observations on the medal itself?The object under the lancet on the reverse is a vaccine point, perhaps of ivory, on which the material, fresh or dry, would be conveyed to the scarified area.Ampoules were not used for biological material until sterilization was understood.Incidentally, the goddess has a bandage round her left arm as though she had been recently vaccinated, surely a work of supererogation. . Schonlein versus Henoch
The Rational Clinical Examination: Evidence-Based Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Jon Allen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 May 2009The Rational Clinical Examination: Evidence-Based Clinical DiagnosisJon Allen, MD and Joshua Wynne, MD, MBA, MPHJon Allen, MDFrom University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota.Search for more papers by this author and Joshua Wynne, MD, MBA, MPHFrom University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200904210-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Simel DL, Rennie D, Keitz S, eds. 744 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies; 2009. $59.95. ISBN 9780071590303. Order at www.mhprofessional.com.Field of medicine: Primary care and physical diagnosis.Audience: Clinical faculty who teach physical diagnosis, primary care physicians, medical students, and residents.Purpose: To provide careful, systematic methods to assess the accuracy of items from the patient's medical history and clinical examination.Content: This book is a concise, evidence-based review of useful and clinically relevant evidence regarding multiple common clinical conditions, collated from previous JAMA articles. The text clarifies how to use specific aspects of patient history and physical examination ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFiebre y sus implicaciones en el diagnóstico del paciente neurológico, revisión narrativa de la literatura 5 May 2009Volume 150, Issue 9Page: 659KeywordsPatientsPrimary care physiciansSoftware toolsSub-specialty care ePublished: 5 May 2009 Issue Published: 5 May 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Near-complete association between microsatellite instability and abnormal immunostaining of the mismatch repair proteins hMSH2, hMSH6, hMLH1 and hPMS2 and involvement of hMSH6 in sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancers
Authors: Jens Plaschke, Stefan Krüger, Stephan Haas, Steffen Pistorius, Hans-D. Saeger, Hans K. Schackert
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
TCTAP A-041 Angiographic Result of T-stenting with Small Protrusion Using Drug-eluting Stents in the Management of Ischemic Side Branch: The ARTEMIS Study
Authors: Man-Hong Jim, Eugene Brian Wu, Raymond Chi-Yan Fung, Andrew Kei-Yan Ng, Chung-Wah Siu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
ABC of eyes: Injury to the eye: Orbital injuries should not be considered in isolation
Authors: James R Gallagher, Peter Ramsay-Baggs
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In their ABC of eyes Khaw et al discussed the management of orbital hard tissue injuries.1 Orbital fractures occur in isolation but are more commonly components of zygomatic complex or midface fractures.2

In our experience, a patient presenting with a subconjunctival haemorrhage, swollen eyelid, and loss of cheek sensation with ipsilateral …
Xanthinuria discovered in population screening.
Authors: D H Curnow, J R Masarel, K J Cullen, M G McCall
Journal: BMJ (1971)

and a diuretic.Some of these results have already been reported.2In the group taking clonidine and a diuretic, our results are in substantial agreement with those of Dr. Amery and colleagues, the major side effects being dryness of mouth and drowsiness.However in patients taking clonidine, methyldopa, and a diuretic, we achieved good control (standing systolic S 150 mm Hg) in 44 out of 54 patients, while the incidence of side effects was reduced because lower doses were necessary when compared to the group taking clonidine with a diuretic.These resultsindicate that the triple drug regimen allows good control of blood pres- sure with a minimum of side effects and its use would appear to be of some benefit especially in the irritable, nervous, hypertensive patient requiring some sedation.-Weare, etc.,
Meckel's diverticulum causing obstruction in a neonate.
Authors: S Ahmed
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDIBRITSHRNg peutic range " in seven of these.One patient (No. -9) developed a deep haematoma of the calf after minor injury and transient haematuria.Further, eight patients were eventually restabilized only on a dose of warfarin lower than might have been expected from the original phenindione dosage.Other centres may be considering chang- ing patients from phenindione to warfarin, and it is suggested that the initial mainten- ance dose of warfarin should be less than that normally calculated and that fairly close monitoring of the prothrombin time might be instituted for the first few weeks after the transfer.-Iam, etc.,
In Vitro and In Vivo gene delivery mediated by Lactosylated Dendrimer/α-Cyclodextrin Conjugates (G2) into Hepatocytes
Authors: Hidetoshi Arima, Shogo Yamashita, Yoshimasa Mori, Yuya Hayashi, Keiichi Motoyama, Kenjiro Hattori, Tomoko Takeuchi, Hirofumi Jono, Yukio Ando, Fumitoshi Hirayama, Kaneto Uekama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Relation between sympathetic outflow and vascular resistance in the calf during perturbations in central venous pressure. Evidence for cardiopulmonary afferent regulation of calf vascular resistance in humans.
Authors: S F Vissing, U Scherrer, R G Victor
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Vascular studies in humans have advanced the concept that, during orthostatic stress, cardiopulmonary afferents reflexly regulate vascular resistance in the forearm but exert surprisingly little if any effects on vascular resistance in the calf. In contrast, neurophysiological studies have indicated that unloading of cardiopulmonary afferents during lower body negative pressure evokes comparable increases in sympathetic outflow to the muscles of both the forearm and the calf. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine if alterations in central venous pressure over the physiological range trigger reflex changes in muscle sympathetic outflow that not only are statistically significant but also are large enough to alter vascular resistance in the calf. To accomplish this aim, we measured calf blood flow with plethysmography and simultaneously performed microelectrode recordings of sympathetic outflow to calf muscles in conscious humans during maneuvers designed to alter the loading conditions of the cardiopulmonary afferents. We found that calf vascular resistance increased by 33 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) during decreases in central venous pressure produced by nonhypotensive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and decreased by 26 +/- 5% (p less than 0.05) during increases in central venous pressure produced by nonhypertensive infusion of normal saline. These changes in calf resistance were at least as large as the changes in forearm resistance evoked by these maneuvers and were accompanied by parallel changes in peroneal muscle sympathetic nerve activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Bruce M. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Cummins and Eisenberg<sup>1</sup>in the April 26, 1985, issue ofThe Journal, "Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation," confuses serious scientific questions with "irresponsible" assaults on a "national institution," that is, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Moreover, their review omits large patient data bases that are not as favorable to conventional CPR as those presented. Cummins and Eisenberg included series totaling 2,558 patients in their review (some series as small as 19 patients) in support of their claim of positive results with conventional CPR. However, there are at least four other significant studies totaling nearly 4,200 patients, the results of which are appropriate for scientific criticism of their thesis. Mirick et al<sup>2</sup>in 1982 reported on 98 Minneapolis patients in whom they could find no significant effect of bystander CPR. Kowalski et al<sup>3</sup>reported on 363 patients with ventricular fibrillation in the Milwaukee County paramedic system. Resuscitation