tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A few changes for 2010
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In this first print issue of 2010 you’ll find a few small but significant changes. Most significant is our new Research section (p 30), where authors summarise their research articles that have been published in full on bmj.com. In case any of you have missed previous explanations for this move away from publishing full research articles in print, let me summarise.

Repeated surveys of print readers over more than 20 years have shown that, although some read the research abstracts, very few read the full research articles. Meanwhile, online surveys consistently put research articles among the most popular types of BMJ content. This has …
Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Therapy with Carboplatin, Gemcitabine plus Thalidomide for Stages IIB and III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Arkadiusz Z. Dudek, Krzysztof Lesniewski-Kmak, Timothy Larson, Konstantin Dragnev, Rachel Isaksson, Vinita Gupta, Michael A. Maddaus, Robert A. Kratzke
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Rifampin preventive therapy for tuberculosis in Boston's homeless.
Authors: A Polesky, H W Farber, D J Gottlieb, H Park, S Levinson, J J O'Connell, B McInnis, R L Nieves, J Bernardo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

An epidemic of isoniazid (INH)- and streptomycin (SM)-resistant tuberculosis began among Boston's homeless population in 1984. Individuals with skin test conversions who agreed to preventive therapy received either INH, rifampin, or a combination of INH and rifampin. A total of 204 individuals with documented tuberculin skin test conversions who did not have active tuberculosis at the time of the clinical evaluation for their positive skin test were eligible for preventive therapy. Data on type and length of preventive therapy were obtained from the Tuberculosis Clinic and the Boston Tuberculosis Registry records at Boston City Hospital. The individuals were followed for development of active tuberculosis. Six of 71 (8.6%) individuals who received no therapy, 3 of 38 (7.9%) in the INH group, and none in the rifampin or rifampin plus INH groups (49 and 37 persons, respectively) developed active tuberculosis. Patients in the rifampin group were significantly less likely to develop tuberculosis than patients in the no therapy group (p = 0.04; odds ratio [OR] = 0.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00-0.91). Treatment with any rifampin-containing preventive therapy (rifampin or rifampin plus INH) was effective (p < 0.01 ) in preventing development of active disease. The three INH failures were with organisms that were resistant to INH.
Is rationing down under upside down?
Authors: B. Bridgewater
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In January 1997 a report of a rationing system for coronary artery surgery (CABG) in New Zealand was published in the BMJ. This described the development of a priority scoring system for patients with angina whereby a panel of experts gave weightings to various factors thought to influence the benefit derived from surgery, such as the degree of coronary disease, severity of angina, and ability to work and live independently.

These factors add together to give a priority score, with a maximum of 100. This system was piloted on a group of patients presenting for CABG, and the cost of providing surgery to patients above certain levels of clinical priority was calculated. The clinically desirable threshold was deemed to be 25, but with current levels of government funding it was decided by the minister of health that CABG could be provided only to patients scoring more than 35 points.

In June 1997 I started a year's sabbatical in cardiothoracic surgery in Green Lane Hospital in Auckland where I have watched this system in action. There are major differences in the way in which the service is provided. In …
The Red Shift
Authors: None Jiminy
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>The Five-Day Retirement</h3> Sam Farber lived for 70 years in the Midwest. Once he had tried to retire to Florida, but the retirement lasted for only five days. He got home just in time for the first big snowstorm of the winter. Perhaps it was the lifelong habit of working at his furniture business that brought him back, but even when he returned he was still restless. His secretary, who had worked for him for 17 years, was worried. He complained of dizzy spells, pain in his legs when he walked, and no appetite. She badgered him into making an appointment to see me, and I became his physician. At first, Sam didn't have much to say, but when he was convinced that I was working conscientiously to treat his claudication, transient ischemic attacks, and depression, he began to confide in me. By fall, he proudly stomped into my office,
Evidence for existence in human tissues of monomers for plastics and rubber manufacture.
Authors: M S Wolff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Although exposure to many industrially important monomers is controlled by law, few of these reactive chemicals have been determined in human tissues. Analogy with other fat-soluble organic substances strongly implies that these monomers may be retained in tissue, subject to the usual physiological constraints of metabolism, solubility and volatility. The storage of DDT and PCBs is discussed, as well as tetrachloro-ethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), which are chemically similar to many industrially used monomers. Styrene in blood and breath and its metabolites in urine have been studied in humans. Styrene and vinyl chloride have been measured in fat tissue of polymerization workers.
Tube Cecostomy as a Cause of Cecal Pseudotumor
Authors: C. L. Berg, F. R. A. Farraye, D. L. Carr-Locke
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

A 60-year-old male presented with findings on radiographic and physical examination which were compatible with colonic obstruction. A tube cecostomy was performed. Colonoscopy seven months later revealed a pseudotumor composed of granulation tissue in the cecum at the site of the previous cecostomy.
Loss of Lkb1 and Pten Leads to Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Elevated PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Chunxiao Xu, Christine M. Fillmore, Shohei Koyama, Hongbo Wu, Yanqiu Zhao, Zhao Chen, Grit S. Herter-Sprie, Esra A. Akbay, Jeremy H. Tchaicha, Abigail Altabef, Jacob B. Reibel, Zandra Walton, Hongbin Ji, Hideo Watanabe, Pasi A. Jänne, Diego H. Castrillon, Anil K. Rustgi, Adam J. Bass, Gordon J. Freeman, Robert F. Padera, Glenn Dranoff, Peter S. Hammerman, Carla F. Kim, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Reduced Quality of Life in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Compared With Critically Ill Control Patients
Authors: Timothy A. Davidson, Ellen S. Caldwell, J. Randall Curtis, Leonard D. Hudson, Kenneth P. Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Context Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is reduced in patients who survive acute respiratory distress (ARDS), but whether this decline in HRQL is caused by ARDS or other aspects of the patient's illness or injury is unknown. Objective To determine if there are differences in the HRQL of ARDS survivors and comparably ill or injured controls without ARDS. Design Prospective, matched, parallel cohort study. Setting A 411-bed municipal medical and regional level I trauma center. Patients Seventy-three pairs of ARDS survivors and severity-matched controls with the clinical risk factors for ARDS of sepsis and trauma admitted between January 1, 1994, and July 30, 1996. Main Outcome Measures The HRQL of ARDS survivors and controls, assessed by generic and pulmonary disease–specific HRQL instruments (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Standard Form [SF-36] and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ], respectively). Results Clinically meaningful and statistically significant reductions in HRQL scores of ARDS survivors (n=73) were seen in 7 of 8 SF-36 domains and 3 of 3 SGRQ domains compared with matched controls ( P &amp;amp;lt;.001 for all reductions). The largest decrements in the HRQL were seen in physical function and pulmonary symptoms and limitations. Analysis of trauma-matched pairs (n=46) revealed significant reductions in 7 of 8 SF-36 domains ( P ≤.02) and 3 of 3 SGRQ domains ( P ≤.003). Analysis of sepsis-matched pairs (n=27) revealed significant reductions in 6 of 8 SF-36 domains ( P ≤.05) and 3 of 3 SGRQ domains ( P ≤.002). Conclusions Survivors of ARDS have a clinically significant reduction in HRQL that appears to be caused exclusively by ARDS and its sequelae. Reductions were primarily noted in physical functioning and pulmonary disease–specific domains.
British Medical System
Authors: Frank R. Lemon
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The discussion of personal experience in the British Medical System by Dr Marsh (235:45, 1976) was fascinating. One could hope that the logic of their arrangements for primary care would penetrate our system to some extent. However, if the American public and American physicians are to buy such a package they must know the total cost. Those costs are probably multiple and beyond the scope of that review, but three of them might well be kept in mind. The British Medical Service came into being after World War II, during the era when we poured billions of dollars into Europe in an effort to aid its recovery. Many of the social experiments in Great Britain, including the British Medical Service were made possible, in all probability, only by this costly largesse on the part of the US Treasury. Despite this auspicious underwriting, the British Medical Service
Brain Failure: An Introduction to Current Concepts of Senility
Authors: Albert A. Fisk
Journal: JAMA (1981)

It has only been in the last 15 years that Alzheimer's disease has been generally recognized as an entity by most physicians, and even now knowledge of this illness among professionals in the field of geriatrics is limited. Research on the disease is expanding rapidly, and it is always a major topic at gerontological meetings. There have been a number of recent publications on Alzheimer's disease for the scientific community, professionals in clinical practice, families of patients with dementia, and the public at large.<i>Brain Failure: An Introduction to Current Concepts of Senility</i>, by Barry Reisberg, MD, is aimed at a general professional audience, including "physicians, psychologists, nurses, and social workers." The book looks at Alzheimer's disease from a relatively broad perspective, starting with the history and nomenclature of dementia, then describing the gross and microscopic pathology, the etiology and differential diagnosis, the clinical picture, and finally the therapy. Although
Prevalence of childhood asthma in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Ü. Öneş, N. Sapan, A. Somer, R. Dişç, N. Salman, N. Güler, I. Yalçm
Journal: Allergy (1997)

ÖneşÜ. Sapan N, Somer A, Dişçi R, Salman N, Güler N, Yalçm I. Prevalence of childhood asthma in Istanbul, Turkey. In order to determine the asthma prevalence in 6–12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Istanbul, we issued 2350 questionnaires, according to ISAAC criteria, in six randomly selected city primary schools to be completed at home by parents. A total of 2232 of the questionnaires were completed, an overall response rate of 94.9%, and 2216 questionnaires were taken into consideration. The prevalence of asthma was found to be 9.8% and wheezing 15.1%. To investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of asthma, we evaluated the heating system at home, the place of residence, the educational levels of the mother and father, the number of people living in the house, the sharing of bedrooms, and the annual family income. In conclusion, the prevalence of childhood asthma was not affected by any of these factors. Atopic family history, food allergy, eczema, and frequent otitis media and sinusitis attacks were evaluated and found to be significant in asthma prevalence.
Dipyridamole metabolic scintigraphy using i-123 phenylpentadecanoic acid vs dipyridamole thallium-201 perfusion imaging for the detection of coronary artery disease
Authors: Peter J. Giannoccaro, Terranee D. Ruddy, Michel White, Karen Y. Gulenchyn, Calvin Smith, Ross A. Davies, Jean-Francois Marquis, James R. Ballinger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Sterile Injection Equipment To Prevent HIV Infection
Authors: Roy Robertson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters21 August 2001Sterile Injection Equipment To Prevent HIV InfectionRoy Robertson, FRCP, FRCGPRoy Robertson, FRCP, FRCGPEdinburgh Drug Addiction Study, Edinburgh EH4 4PL, United Kingdom (Robertson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-4-200108210-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:From outside the United States, the article by Burris and colleagues (1) on prescribing needles and syringes seems to be a benchmark in the management of injection drug users. The United States has responded more cautiously to a problem considerably greater than ours. Key development of U.S. policy has been of annual (and now biannual) interest at the international AIDS meetings since 1986, when great interest was shown in the British policy of syringe and needle exchange programs. These programs were developed after the 1985 discovery, through the newly available HIV antibody test, of an HIV epidemic ...References1. Burris S, Lurie P, Abrahamson D, JD Rich. Physician prescribing of sterile injection equipment to prevent HIV infection: time for action. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:218-26. [PMID: 10906838] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Robertson JR, Bucknall AB, Welsby PD, Roberts J, Inglis J, Peutherer J, et al . Epidemic of AIDS related virus (HTLV-III/LAV) infection among intravenous drug abusers. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292:527-9. [PMID: 3081158] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HIV infection in Scotland. Report of the Scottish Committee on HIV infection and intravenous drug misuse. Edinburgh: Scottish Home and Health Department; 1986. Google Scholar4. Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. AIDS and Drug Misuse Part 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 1988. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Roy Robertson, FRCP, FRCGPAffiliations: Edinburgh Drug Addiction Study, Edinburgh EH4 4PL, United Kingdom (Robertson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPhysician Prescribing of Sterile Injection Equipment To Prevent HIV Infection: Time for Action Scott Burris , Peter Lurie , Daniel Abrahamson , and Josiah D. Rich Sterile Injection Equipment To Prevent HIV Infection Josiah D. Rich , Scott Burris , and Peter Lurie Metrics 21 August 2001Volume 135, Issue 4Page: 299KeywordsAIDSAnxietyHIV drug discoveryHIV infectionsHepatitis C virusInjecting drug users ePublished: 21 August 2001 Issue Published: 21 August 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Exercise testing as part of the reasonable workup before recommending medical or surgical therapy for coronary heart disease.
Authors: V F Froelicher
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The effects of digitalis (ouabain infusion, priming dose of 10 Ag/kg/min followed by 2.0 gg/kg/min) on subepicardial and subendocardial ischemic dysfunction during partial occlusion (59.4% reduc- tion in coronary flow) and total coronary occlusion were evaluated in 14 dogs using pairs of ultrasonic crystals implanted in the epicardial and endocardial layers.After 30 minutes of partial coronary occlusion, systolic shortening in the ischemic zone decreased from 12.4 i 2.9% to -0.4 ± 0.9% (p < 0.001) in the epicardium and from 18.9 ± 3.1% to -1.0 i 1.1% (p < 0.001) in the endocardium.Ouabain infusion increased the systolic shortening from -0.4 ± 0.9% to 10.6 i 3.1% (p < 0.001) in the epicardium and from -1.0 ± 1.1% to 17.2 ± 3.4% (p < 0.001) in the endocardium.The end-diastolic length did not change.In contrast, after 30 minutes of total coronary occlusion, systolic shortening in both epicardial and endocardial layers was replaced by systolic lengthening and remained unaffected by ouabain infusion in both layers.Systolic shortening in the nonischemic epicardial and endocardial layers increased consistently.We conclude that ouabain improves the contractile function of both ischemic epicardial and endocardial layers layers after partial coronary occlusion and does not worsen subendocardial ischemic dysfunction.After total coronary occlusion, however, the con- traction of the ischemic zone is unaffected by ouabain.
UK aid has helped reduce maternal mortality in Bangladesh and Nepal by 40%
Authors: Siddhartha Yadav
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government and the drug industry this week reached an outline agreement on a new contract for drug prices in the United Kingdom over the next five years.It is expected that the deal will cut the annual £9bn (€11bn; $18bn) drug bill in the UK's health services by 5% by 2009.The announcement follows a year of intense and tough negotiations after the Department of Health said it was unilaterally cancelling the current pharmaceutical price regulation scheme (PPRS) halfway through its planned duration (BMJ 2007;335:273).The PPRS, which normally runs for five years, allows companies to set drug prices freely but caps their overall profits.The current scheme began in 2005, with a 7% price cut, and was supposed to end in 2010.Under pressure to cut costs at a time when the growth in the NHS budget is slowing, the government sought a fresh reduction of 10%, arguing that drug prices in Britain were among the highest in Europe.Partly aided by changing exchange rates, the industry claimed instead that British prices were nearer to the European average.It also expressed concerns that the government risked undermining the UK's historical attractiveness for research and development investment by creating instability through reneging on the PPRS deal.The new contract entails a price freeze until the end of this year and then a minimum price cut of 2% in patented drugs at the start of 2009.There will also be bigger reductions in the price of branded drugs no longer on patent, providing an overall reduction of 5%.Further price cuts are possible in future years if the drug bill increases by more than 6.7% annually.In line with recommendations last year from the Office of Fair Trading (BMJ 2007;334:383), the government plans to ensure that prices paid for new drugs more closely reflect the value that they offer.Andrew Jack is the pharmaceuticals correspondent for the Financial Times. Government and industry reach pricing deal to cut drugs bill
IL-9 is a key component of memory TH cell peanut-specific responses from children with peanut allergy
Authors: Helen A. Brough, David J. Cousins, Alina Munteanu, Yuen Fei Wong, Asha Sudra, Kerry Makinson, Alick C. Stephens, Matthew Arno, Liviu Ciortuz, Gideon Lack, Victor Turcanu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
INTERNAL HEMORRHAGES; CAN WE CONTROL THEM?
Authors: FRANK BILLINGS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The chief cause of internal hemorrhage, as it will be considered here, is the rupture of the wall of an artery or vein due to disease. The rarer forms of hemorrhage which occur in blood diseases like leukemia, in infectious fevers like yellow fever and malaria, in obscure conditions like purpura hemorrhagica, etc., will not be considered. The object of this paper is to discuss the best methods of medical treatment of severe internal hemorrhage. The chief forms of internal hemorrhage commonly encountered in everyday practice are gastrorrhagia, hemoptysis, intestinal hemorrhage and hematuria. The oozing of blood from the distended blood-vessels of a mucous surface or from an ulcerated surface is to be considered only as a means of diagnosis of a possible later cause of severe hemorrhage. Hemorrhage of the type we are to consider is always an accident. The erosion or rupture of the vessel-wall is associated with a morbid anatomy involving usually
Defective Fc Receptor-Mediated Function of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: TED M. PARRIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

To determine whether patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis have more profound defects in mononuclear phagocyte system clearance than their counterparts without renal disease, we studied Fc receptor-mediated splenic clearance function in 32 patients. Clearance half-times were prolonged in patients with lupus erythematosus compared with those in normal controls (p < 0.0001) and longer in patients with renal disease than in those without (p < 0.025). Both renal (tau = 0.45, p < 0.0002) and nonrenal (tau = 0.35, p < 0.003) disease activity were significantly but independently associated with clearance half-times. When matched for nonrenal activity, patients with nephritis had greater clearance dysfunction than their counterparts without renal disease. Circulating immune complexes did not correlate with clearance for all patients. Neither B8 nor DR3 histocompatibility antigen markers differentiated the renal and nonrenal disease subgroups. The greater Fc receptor-mediated clearance dysfunction, which occurs in patients with lupus erythematosus and nephritis, could lead to enhanced glomerular deposition of immune complexes as a primary event, or as a secondary event amplifying previously established lesions.
OXIDATIVE STRESS INCREASES THE RISK OF INCIDENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BY INCREASING LEFT ATRIAL SIZE
Authors: Nima Ghasemzadeh, Riyaz S. Patel, Danny J. Eapen, Ibrahim Kassas, Hamid Syed, Dean P. Jones, Arshed A. Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ARA-AMP in chronic HBV hepatitis: Follow-up too short or too long?
Authors: Albert J. Czaja
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

A randomised controlled trial was conducted in 29 HBV carriers who had been HBs and HBe antigen positive for more than six months. Fifteen patients were treated with ARA-AMP 10 mg/kg/ day given as intramuscular injections 12 hours apart for five days followed by 5 mg/kg/day for 23 days. The 14 controls received no treatment. Serum HBV-DNA polymerase, and HBV-DNA decreased in all patients during therapy. Six treated patients lost serum HBV-DNA polymerase, HBV-DNA and HBeAg, HBsAg concentrations decreased, and five developed anti-HBe. One of these six patients lost HBsAg and developed anti-HBs. No such changes were observed in the control group over a similar 18 month period of observation. A four week course of ARA-AMP inhibits HBV replication and in a significant minority of patients this is long lasting and is associated with a reduced level of inflammatory activity in the liver.
Righting Medical Writing
Authors: Victor C. Strasburger
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>Dear World's Best Medical Journal (WBJM):</h3> I am sorry to say that I will not be able to send you my manuscript, entitled "In Search Of: 16 Physicians Looking for Another Publication to Add to Their CVs." There are so many journals being published these days, and I receive so many requests to submit articles, that I can fill only a fraction of the demand. As a result, many worthwhile journals must be refused simply because I lack articles to go around. Comments about your journal from two expert reviewers are enclosed. Please remember that, in making my decision, many considerations are taken into account. (You might wish to consult my editorial on this subject in<i>The Collected Wisdom of V. C. Strasburger, M.D.</i>, vol 1, p 200.) All copies of my manuscript are, therefore, being sent to other journals. Thanks very much for the opportunity to review your journal.