tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Animal model of silent myocarditis in athymic mice
Authors: C. KISHIMOTO, K. KURIBAYASHI, T. MASUDA, N. TOMIOKA, C. KAWAI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

To clarify the role of the immune system in the development of myocarditis, BALB/c-nu/nu mice (group 1), BALB/c-nu/+ mice (group 2), BALB/c-nu/nu mice injected with 5 X 10(7) spleen cells from BALB/c-nu/+ mice (group 3), and BALB/c-nu/nu mice injected with 5 X 10(7) spleen cells from BALB/c-nu/+ mice treated with rat anti-Thy-1.2 monoclonal antibody with complement (group 4) were inoculated with encephalomyocarditis virus. There were no significant differences in the incidence of myocarditis among the four groups. Virus titrations of the heart and serum neutralising antibody titres in the four groups did not show any significant differences. Fifty two per cent (26/50) of group 2 and 43% (20/46) of group 3 died on days 9-15, when congestive heart failure developed. Only 9% (5/54) of group 1 and 8% (1/12) of group 4, however, died on days 9-15. Pathological examination confirmed congestive heart failure in groups 2 and 3 but not in groups 1 and 4. Dilatation of the ventricular cavities, pleural effusion, ascites, and congestion of the lungs and liver were present in groups 2 and 3 but not in groups 1 and 4. Cellular infiltration and myocardial necrosis were severe in groups 2 and 3 but minimal in groups 1 and 4. Thus the severity of myocarditis may be regulated by T cells. So-called silent myocarditis seen in clinical settings may be similar to myocarditis in BALB/c-nu/nu mice.
Directors strive to save French cancer charity
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The directors of the largest French cancer charity, Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC), last week appointed a new president, Michel Lucas, in an attempt to prevent the collapse of a major source of funds for cancer research. Lucas, the former inspector general of health, is the man who first drew attention to possible mismanagement of the ARC's funds in 1991.

The board hopes that the appointment will restore the confidence of some 3.5 …
Synergistic effects of agonistic costimulatory antibodies adsorbed to amphiphilic poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles
Authors: Catja Freiburghaus, Sissela Broos, Linda C Sandin, Thomas H Tötterman, Takami Akagi, Mitsuru Akashi, Carl Borrebaeck, Peter Ellmark, Malin Lindstedt
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Agonistic antibodies targeting costimulatory pathways for the immune system hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. However, systemic administration of immunoactivating antibodies can be associated with side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and liver toxicity.
THE PRECIPITIN TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS
Authors: V. H. MOON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Meinicke, 1 in 1917. and Sachs and Georgi, 2 in 1918, reported the practical application of the precipitin test to the diagnosis of syphilis. They claimed that the results were as accurate as those obtained by a carefully performed Wassermann test, and further that frequently the blood from a known syphilitic which gave a negative Wassermann reaction would give a positive precipitin reaction. Within the four years following this announcement, these results were confirmed by many reports both here and in Europe.  The technic as followed by Sachs and Georgi is much simpler than that of the Wassermann test, since the precipitin test requires only patient's serum, antigen and salt solution. The disadvantage of the Sachs-Georgi technic is that it requires two incubation periods of about twenty hours each during which bacterial growth may take place, producing a cloudiness resembling that observed in a positive precipitin test.  Recently, Kahn 3
Characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor's effect on the activation of protein kinase C, its isoforms, and endothelial cell growth.
Authors: P Xia, L P Aiello, H Ishii, Z Y Jiang, D J Park, G S Robinson, H Takagi, W P Newsome, M R Jirousek, G L King
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent endothelial cell mitogen which mediates its effects by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors. We have characterized the VEGF-activated intracellular signal transduction pathway in bovine aortic endothelial cells and correlated this to its mitogenic effects. VEGF induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in protein kinase C (PKC) activation with a maximum of 2.2-fold above the basal level at 5 x 10(-10) M within 10 min as measured both by in situ and translocation assays. Immunoblotting analysis of PKC isoforms in cytosolic and membrane fractions indicated that after VEGF stimulation the content of Ca(2+)-sensitive PKC isoforms (alpha and betaII) was increased in the membrane fractions, whereas no changes were observed for PKC isoforms delta and epsilon. The stimulation of PKC activity by VEGF was preceded by the activation of phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma). This was demonstrated by parallel increases in PLCgamma tyrosine phosphorylation, [3H]inositol phosphate production, and [3H]arachidonic acid-labeled diacylglycerol formation in bovine aortic endothelial cells. In addition, VEGF increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity 2.1-fold which was inhibited by wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, without decreasing the VEGF-induced increase in PKC activity or endothelial cell growth. Interestingly, genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and GFX or H-7, PKC inhibitors, abolished both VEGF-induced PKC activation and endothelial cell proliferation. VEGF's mitogenic effect was inhibited by a PKC isoform beta-selective inhibitor, LY333531, in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, antisense PKC-alpha oligonucleotides enhanced VEGF-stimulated cell growth with a simultaneous decrease of 70% in PKC-alpha protein content. Thus, VEGF appears to mediate its mitogenic effects partly through the activation of the PLCgamma and PKC pathway, involving predominately PKC-beta isoform activation in endothelial cells.
Phosphate feeding induces arterial medial calcification in uremic mice: role of serum phosphorus, fibroblast growth factor-23, and osteopontin
Authors: Mohga M. El-Abbadi, Ashwini S. Pai, Elizabeth M. Leaf, Hsueh-Ying Yang, Bryan A. Bartley, Krystle K. Quan, Carly M. Ingalls, Hung Wei Liao, Cecilia M. Giachelli
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Abstract 3302: The effects of the g-quadruplex ligand telomestatin to human brain tumor stem cell survival and growth
Authors: Takeshi Miyazaki, Yang Pan, Bin Hu, Habibe Demir, Kaushal Joshi, Sachiko Okabe, Takao Yamori, Mariano Viapiano, Kazuo Shin-ya, Hiroyuki Seimiya, Ichiro Nakano
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the leading cause of death among primary brain tumors in adults and the current therapies have only palliative effect on prognosis of patients. Recently, stem cell-like cells in GBM (brain tumor stem-like cells; BTSC) have gained substantial attention as a potential therapeutic target. Hallmarks of BTSC include their self-renewal capacity and highly migratory potential. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of patient-derived BTSC with a G-quadruplex ligand, telomestatin (TMS), inhibits BTSC self-renewal and maintenance of their stem cell state, and induces their apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, both normal precursors and non-stem tumor cells from the matched samples are relatively resistant to TMS treatment. Treatment with a lower dose of TMS specifically inhibits BTSC migration into normal brain. Immunofluorescence in situ hybridization with TMS-treated GBM cells displays both telomeric and non-telomeric DNA damage in BTSC but not in non-stem tumor cells. cDNA microarray analysis identifies a proto-oncogene, c-Myb, as a target of TMS in BTSC, and the pharmacodynamic analysis with TMS-treated tumor-bearing mouse brains demonstrates reduction of c-Myb expression in tumors. An elevated c-Myb expression is found in surgical specimens of GBM compared to normal brain tissues. Lastly, TMS treatment of BTSC-derived mouse intracranial tumors reduces tumor sizes in vivo without any noticeable apoptotic cells in the normal brain, and a combined treatment of TMS with radiation or temozolomide results in additive inhibitory effects on GBM sphere growth in vitro. Collectively, these data indicate a potential avenue toward BTSC-directed therapeutic strategy using TMS via telomeric DNA damage and inhibition of c-Myb, which may offer a novel therapeutic approach for GBM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3302. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3302
Colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis. Influence of anatomical extent and age at onset on colitis-cancer interval.
Authors: A Sugita, D B Sachar, C Bodian, M B Ribeiro, A H Aufses, A J Greenstein
Journal: Gut (1991)

We have examined the age at onset of both ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer in 100 patients seen at Mount Sinai Hospital between 1959 and 1988. There were 85 patients with extensive colitis and 15 with left sided colitis. There was a strong direct correlation between the age at onset of ulcerative colitis and age at diagnosis of cancer (p less than 0.0001); this correlation was found both in patients with extensive colitis (p less than 0.0001) and in those with left sided colitis (p less than 0.005). Patients with left sided colitis developed both their colitis and their cancers about a decade later than did those with extensive disease, but the mean duration of colitis before diagnosis of cancer was virtually the same (about 21 years) in both groups, irrespective of the age at onset of disease.
Preventing Bubbles in Intravenous Tubing
Authors: Robert E. Hannemann
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Air bubbles trapped in intravenous (IV) administration tubing are of daily concern to physicians and nurses. The problem occurs with both gravity-fed and roller infusion pump IV sets. The attending medical person often will expend much time and effort attempting to eliminate this difficulty. At times, particularly in cases involving infants, bubbling will be extensive enough to delay the onset of therapy or interrupt its progress. Such delays and interruptions are often insignificant, but on occasion they may be life-threatening. Such a life-threatening episode led to the research that produced the solutions presented here. The standard procedure for filling IV tubing is to hang the reservoir on a stand, open the clamp, and allow the fluid to flow down the tubing. The liquid falls rapidly through the tube in broken streams or rivulets while the air rises, competing for the same space. Surface tension effects cause the
Vagal input to the enteric nervous system
Authors: T L Powley
Journal: Gut (2000)

The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal tract has traditionally been viewed as a system of ganglia that operates largely independently of the brain and spinal cord. Because of this postulated autonomy, the ENS has even been characterised as the “little brain” or the “second brain.” Recent neural tracing studies, however, challenge this canon of ENS autonomy.

The view that the ENS is independent can be traced to several types of observation. Early research on the relationship of the ENS to the central nervous system (CNS) noted that the ENS could support motor activity and a number of local reflexes when the viscera were decentralised or isolated. Langley (1922),1 in his seminal analyses, reinforced the idea of a largely autonomous ENS by noting that the preganglionic axons projecting to the ENS were far outnumbered by the multitude of enteric neurones in the viscera. In the case of the vagus nerve in particular, Langley envisioned a few specialised “mother cells” or “vagal cells” in the ENS that were contacted by preganglionic inputs and that then distributed the relatively small number of inputs to a bigger group of effector neurones within the enteric plexuses. In a related but more modern view, Wood (1987)2 suggested that autonomic preganglionics might project to “command neurones” within the ENS.3 On the sensory side, early observations also noted that individuals with intact peripheral nerves connecting the ENS and CNS had little awareness of visceral afferent feedback.

Although the view of an all-but-autonomous ENS still tends to dominate thinking and teaching about the innervation of the gastrointestinal tract, it should be stressed that the …
Somatostatin-Receptor Imaging in the Localization of Endocrine Tumors
Authors: S.W.J. Lamberts, W.H. Barker, J.-C. Reubi, E.P. Krenning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

A number of different tumors have receptors for somatostatin. We evaluated the efficacy of scanning with 123l-labeled Tyr3octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, for tumor localization in 42 patients with carcinoid tumors, pancreatic endocrine tumors, or paragangliomas. We then evaluated the response to octreotide therapy in some of these patients.
Cantor's Dilemma
Authors: Lawrence Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Walter Stewart, PhD, the National Institutes of Health scientist who spends most of his time exposing his colleagues' research cheating, says, "It is awfully easy to get phony data into the scientific literature." With a million scientific articles published each year and most of them never even read, this is not surprising. For those who want to understand this dark side of publishing and perishing, I recommend<i>Cantor's Dilemma</i>. This first novel is a masterful tale about the politics of science in the United States that undermines the scientific dogma that research fraud is rare and is invariably exposed by subsequent work. It portrays the world of big-time researchers, complete with their genius, obsessions, and arrogance. As they pursue their ambitions in the academic environment, the painful ethical dilemmas facing contemporary biomedical research are confronted. Throughout this well-plotted book, we are treated to vivid, three-dimensional characters. Cantor, a scientist with
Patent Ductus Arteriosus in an Elderly Man
Authors: Edsel Maurice T Salvana
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

An apparently healthy 62-year-old man was admitted because of a one-month history of progressive dyspnea on exertion. He reported leg edema, but no orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. On physical examination, his oxygen saturation was 94 percent while he was breathing room air, his lungs were clear, and there was no clubbing of the toes, but a harsh, grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur was heard in the aortic area with radiation to the back. The B-type natriuretic peptide level was elevated at 862 pg per milliliter (normal, <100). A subsequent echocardiogram showed global hypokinesis, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30 . . .
Visualization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients using optical coherence tomography: comparison with intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Ik-Kyung Jang, Brett E. Bouma, Dong-Heon Kang, Seung-Jung Park, Seong-Wook Park, Ki-Bae Seung, Kyu-Bo Choi, Milen Shishkov, Kelly Schlendorf, Eugene Pomerantsev, Stuart L. Houser, H.Thomas Aretz, Guillermo J. Tearney
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Which electrode? A comparison of four endoscopic methods of electrocoagulation in experimental bleeding ulcers.
Authors: C P Swain, T N Mills, E Shemesh, J M Dark, M R Lewin, J S Clifton, T C Northfield, P B Cotton, P R Salmon
Journal: Gut (1984)

Several inexpensive endoscopic methods of electrocoagulation have been advocated for treatment of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. We compared four types of electrode: dry monopolar - Cameron Miller (M), liquid monopolar - Storz (L), bipolar - Bicap ACMI (B), and heater probe - Seattle (H). The electrical and thermal properties of these probes were studied using computerised monitoring of energy deposition and their efficacy and safety was tested in a randomised study in 140 experimental canine gastric ulcers. At optimal pulse settings 20J (M), 70J (L), 17J (B), 15J (H), effective haemostasis was achieved in all ulcers, the mean number of pulses being M5, L6, H6 and B11, the first three requiring significantly (p less than 0.01) less pulse than B. Relative safety of the electrodes was assessed by comparing the incidence of full thickness damage at histology: B24%, H20%, L58% and M69%; B and H proving significantly (p less than 0.01) safer than L and M. Sticking was assessed as H greater than B greater than M much greater than L. Insensitivity to extreme angulation and force of application was assessed as L greater than B greater than M (H is preset). Of the two safer electrodes the heater probe was more effective than the bipolar probe. Despite its greater tendency to stick than the other devices, the heater probe appeared the most promising of the endoscopic electrodes tested.
On Rounds, 7 a.m
Authors: Susan Rakley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Ad Libitum19 October 1999On Rounds, 7 a.mSusan Rakley, MDSusan Rakley, MDNorthbrook, IL 60062 (Rakley)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Yes, I have something in my eye,I have deathin my eye.Curious that an ordinarily inert substance> like deathcan cause such a reactionwhen deposited in an unaccustomed place> like an eye. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northbrook, IL 60062 (Rakley)Corresponding Author: Susan Rakley, MD, 2026 Walters Avenue, Northbrook, IL 60062. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 8Page: 591KeywordsInterleukins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 19 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Accelerated Evolution and Loss of a Domain of the Sperm–Egg–Binding Protein SED1 in Ancestral Primates
Authors: Ondrej Podlaha, David M. Webb, Jianzhi Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Proteins involved in sperm–egg binding have been shown to evolve rapidly in several groups of invertebrates and vertebrates. Mammalian SED1 (secreted protein containing N-terminal Notch-like type II epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats and C-terminal discoidin/F5/8 C domains) is a recently identified sperm surface protein that binds the egg zona pellucida and facilitates sperm–egg adhesion. SED1-null male mice are subfertile. Here we examine the SED1 gene from 11 mammalian species and provide evidence that it underwent accelerated evolution in ancestral primates, most likely driven by positive selection. Specifically, the intensity of the positive selection across various protein domains of SED1 was heterogeneous. Although one of the 2 Notch-like EGF domains, which mediate protein–protein binding, was lost in primate SED1, the second EGF domain evolved under strong positive selection favoring polar to nonpolar amino acid replacements. By contrast, the 2 discoidin/F5/8 type C domains, which are involved in protein–cell membrane binding, do not show definite signs of positive selection. The structural modification and occurrence of directional selection in ancestral primates but not any other lineage suggest that the function of SED1 may have changed during primate evolution. These results reveal a different evolutionary pattern of SED1 from that of many other sperm–egg–binding proteins, which often show diversifying selection occurring in multiple lineages.
Increased Oxidative Metabolism in the Li–Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Ping-Yuan Wang, Wenzhe Ma, Joon-Young Park, Francesco S. Celi, Ross Arena, Jeong W. Choi, Qais A. Ali, Dotti J. Tripodi, Jie Zhuang, Cory U. Lago, Louise C. Strong, S. Lalith Talagala, Robert S. Balaban, Ju-Gyeong Kang, Paul M. Hwang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

There is growing evidence that alterations in metabolism may contribute to tumorigenesis. Here, we report on members of families with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome who carry germline mutations in TP53, the gene encoding the tumor-suppressor protein p53. As compared with family members who are not carriers and with healthy volunteers, family members with these mutations have increased oxidative phosphorylation of skeletal muscle. Basic experimental studies of tissue samples from patients with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome and a mouse model of the syndrome support this in vivo finding of increased mitochondrial function. These results suggest that p53 regulates bioenergetic homeostasis in humans. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00406445.).
Lilly Lecture: The Thymus and Auto-immune Disease.
Authors: M. Burnet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Lilly Lecture: The Thymus and Auto-immune Disease.M. Burnet, O.M., F.R.S.M. Burnet, O.M., F.R.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-734_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe lecture is based primarily on the finding A that a strain of mice, NZB, which spontaneously shows 3 classical manifestations of autoimmune disease, Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, a high incidence of membranous glomerulonephritis, and the frequent presence of antinuclear factor in the serum, shows with equal regularity the development of germinal centers and associated areas of lymphocytic accumulation in the thymus.In human pathology, germinal centers in the thymic medulla are known to occur in a majority of cases of myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease. Very similar structures may be found in the thyroid, particularly when biopsies are made... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Melbourne, Aust. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 734-734KeywordsAutoimmune diseasesBiopsyGlomerulonephritisHemolytic anemiaMyasthenia gravisThymusThyroid Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Unifying Concept of the Paraneoplastic States.
Authors: Larry Nathanson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966A Unifying Concept of the Paraneoplastic States.Larry Nathanson, M.D., Thomas C. Hall, M.D., F.A.C.P.Larry Nathanson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Thomas C. Hall, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1178_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNumerous authors have reported disorders of multiple organ systems as distant effects of the presence of cancer. These have heretofore been treated as medical curiosities, and there is a need for rational pathophysiological explanation. Since they may herald the onset of clinical cancer they may contain clues as to the nature of the neoplastic process. In addition, such gross derangements as hypercalcemia and Cushing's may contribute importantly to the patients' morbidity.The unexpectedly high frequency of such paraneoplastic syndromes when looked for is indicated by our recognition of 104 cases over a brief period. They fell into definable clinical categories,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1178-1178KeywordsHypercalcemiaMorbidity Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...