tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ESOPHAGEAL MOTOR ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY ACID PERFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH HEARTBURN*
Authors: Charles I. Siegel, Thomas R. Hendrix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

The clinical diagnosis of esophagitis is sug- gested by the presence of severe heartburn which is aggravated by the recumbent position.The symptom is generally worse after eating and is relieved by antacids.It is generally held that in- creased reflux of gastric contents leads to the de- velopment of esophagitis and that the pain is as- sociated with an inflammatory process.In many patients with symptoms that suggest a diagnosis of esophagitis, however, there is, no endoscopic or histologic evidence of inflammation.The poor correlation between the clinical diagnosis of esopha- gitis and the endoscopic and histologic observa- tions led to an investigation of esophageal motor function in these patients. METHOD AND MATERIALSTwenty-five patients with the clinical diagnosis of esophagitis were studied.The clinical diagnosis was based on the following criteria: recurrent burning retro- sternal pain, which was more severe after eating, ag- gravated by the recumbent position, and improved by antacids.Esophagoscopy was performed in all patients.Specific features noted were mucosal reddening, granu- larity, erosion, ulceration, stricture, and the presence and degree of gastroesophageal reflux.Esophageal biopsies were obtained from an involved area if gross changes were observed and from the distal 4 cm of esophagus when no endoscopic abnormalities were present.X rays of the upper gastrointestinal tract with special attention to the gastroesophageal junction were obtained in all patients.Radiographic evidence of hiatus hernia and esophageal reflux was sought with the patients in the Trendelenburg position.Acid perfusion of the lower esophagus, with the technique to be described, was per- formed on all patients.These patients were compared with a control group of 25 patients who had none of the criteria described above for the clinical diagnosis of esophagitis.The control group, some of whom had coronary artery disease, were
Thyroid Hormones in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: A M SAMUEL, M N MEHTA, K B DESAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

In a study of 136 differentiated thyroid cancer patients referred for radioiodine therapy since January 1991, it was observed that 80 patients had metastatic disease. Of them, 51 had elevated levels of thyroglobulin (Tg), and of these 51 there were 15 patients who had functioning metastases with evidence of thyroid hormone synthesis by these metastases. All but 1 of these 15 cases with normal hormone levels in the circulation were follicular carcinomas with skeletal metastases. The response of these patients to radioiodine was poor. The group of patients with high Tg levels but low hormone synthesis and low circulating hormones responded better to radioiodine. Patients with low Tg levels and low hormone synthesis showed good response to radioiodine--especially patients with residual thyroid tissue after surgery and those with nodal disease.
Soft tissue injury in extreme rock climbers.
Authors: S R Bollen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

Rock climbing is an increasingly popular sport. Its standards of difficulty have undergone a revolution in the past ten years. Regular training is now almost mandatory for the aspiring climber, but little has been published about the patterns of soft tissue injury to which climbers are susceptible. This paper aims to identify some of the common injuries that may be encountered, some of which do not appear to be associated with other sports.
Advances in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: T G Pickering
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modulation of FcεRI-dependent mast cell response by OX40L via Fyn, PI3K, and RhoA
Authors: Riccardo Sibilano, Barbara Frossi, Ryo Suzuki, Federica D'Incà, Giorgia Gri, Silvia Piconese, Mario P. Colombo, Juan Rivera, Carlo E. Pucillo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
PERFORATION OF A SILENT DUODENAL ULCER COINCIDENT WITH PERFORATED APPENDIX
Authors: D. F. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1930)

whichli may be associated with extremiie collapse.2 3Barber in 1887 descriibed a case in wllich the uterus was replawed witlhout an anaestlhetic; as regards the after conditioni lhe wrote, " The general condition of the patien-t was most serious; she was ins'ensible, pulseless, and the extremities (okl."'12In the thlee successful cases reported -by Miles Phillips in 1911, anaest-hesia, was employed during the process of reduction-.Blair Bell in a recent case employed aniaesthesia, even though shock was not marked.'3Ill my case, which was one of moderate shock, the paticont was fairly comfortable after recoverinig from the. aiaes- tlhetic.Manipulations affecting the inner surface of the
Abstract 1766: Persistence of drug-induced DNA interstrand cross-links distinguishes bendamustine from conventional DNA cross-linking agents
Authors: Alessia Bagnobianchi, Victoria J. Spanswick, John P. Bingham, Konstantinos Kiakos, Paula Suarez-Henriques, Dean Smith, Kwee Yong, Daniel Hochhauser, John A. Hartley
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bendamustine has demonstrated substantial clinical efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and continues to distinguish itself from other alkylating agents. The mechanistic and clinical differences associated with bendamustine may be directly related to its unique structural features, although the precise mechanism of action is still poorly understood. We have undertaken a detailed study of the drug-DNA interactions of bendamustine. It alkylates DNA primarily at guanine-N7 positions with a sequence selectivity similar to other nitrogen mustards. It produces DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) in both solid tumor and hematological tumor cells at doses that cause growth inhibition. ICLs peak at 8h following a 1h treatment and persist over 48h in tumor cells including those that are proficient at repairing (unhooking) ICLs formed by melphalan or cisplatin. This persistence of ICLs is also observed in multiple myeloma cells from patients who have relapsed on melphalan therapy and which efficiently repair melphalan-induced ICLs compared to cells from treatment naive patients. The peak γ-H2AX response follows the ICL peak and also persists beyond 48h. Cells defective in ICL unhooking proteins ERCC1 and XPF, or defective in homologous recombination repair, show increased sensitivity to bendamustine, but at a level less than observed for other nitrogen mustards or cisplatin. Real time PCR profiling showed that at equivalent peak levels of DNA ICLs bendamustine induced fewer changes in DNA damage signaling and DNA repair gene expression compared to either cisplatin or melphalan. These data suggest that the critical DNA damage produced by bendamustine induces a different signaling and repair response to conventional cross-linking agents, including other nitrogen mustards, which may be an important contribution to its clinical efficacy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1766. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1766
Consumer demand drives boom in urgent care centers, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Consumers looking for quick, convenient care are driving a boom in urgent care centers in the United States, a study has found.1

However, the centers primarily serve well off, insured patients with few providing care in underserved areas, the study showed.

Over the past two decades more than 9000 urgent care centers have opened across the country, offering care on a walk-in basis for common acute ailments and minor injuries during business hours, in the evenings, and at weekends. But relatively little is known about their effect on costs and the quality of care.

In the qualitative study, researchers at the Center for Studying Health System Change, a …
VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY AND METAPLASIA
Authors: Harry Goldblatt, Maria Benischek
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Of nineteen rats on a complete diet (Group III, Diet + C. L. O.), none showed foci of squamous keratinizing epithelium in abnormal situations. Of twenty-six rats on a diet deficient in vitamins A and D (Group I, Diet—A–D), twenty-three showed metaplastic changes of varying degree in one or more organs; the metaplasia was of columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelium to the squamous keratinizing type. Of eighteen rats on a diet deficient in vitamin A alone (Group II, Diet—A), seventeen showed epithelial metaplasia similar to that of Group I in one or more organs. In Groups I (Diet—A–D) and II (Diet—A) the changes occurred in one or more of the following organs: trachea, large bronchi, small bronchi or bronchioles in lung, posterior nares, accessory salivary glands of base of tongue, paraocular, submaxillary, sublingual, and parotid glands, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder. The metaplastic changes were as extensive in the rats of Group II on a diet deficient in vitamin A alone as in those of Group I which received a diet deficient in vitamins A and D.
Searching for Distinct Mechanisms in Eosinophilic and Noneosinophilic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Atsushi Kato, Kathryn E. Hulse
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Finally, they developed a novel triple mTNF knock-in mouse model, in which "triple" refers to the substitution of nonsense nucleotides encoding for three distinct amino acids that are normally required for the Na 1 uptake stimulatory activity of TNF-a, the so-called functional alveolar liquid clearance-stimulatory domain.The authors show that when these triple mTNF knock-in mice were exposed to pneumococcal cholesterol binding pore-forming toxin, a model of pulmonary edema, there was no change in the quantal generation of TNF-a in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but there was reduced ENaC activity, decreased ENaC-a protein expression, and greater lung edema.This finding suggests a physiological role for the lectin-like domain of native TNF-a in alveolar fluid clearance and the resolution of pulmonary edema.Taken together, these basic science results provide new physiological insight into the potential role of the lectin-like domain of TNF-a and support the novel therapeutic use of TIP aerosols in patients with ALI/ARDS and ischemia reperfusion lung injury.
The Pathophysiology of Altered Calcium Metabolism in Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Francisco Llach, Arnold J. Felsenfeld, Mark R. Haussler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — The Pathophysiology of Altered Calcium Metabolism in Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Renal Failure — Interactions of Parathyroid Hormone, 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol, and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
The Pathophysiology of Diabetic Complications: How Much Does the Glucose Hypothesis Explain?
Authors: David M. Nathan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To examine the putative pathogenetic mechanisms of the long-term, specific complications of diabetes mellitus. Data Sources: Literature review relevant to long-term diabetic complications and their pathogenesis. Study Selection: Studies of animal models of diabetes, epidemiologic investigations of diabetes and its long-term complications, and interventional studies examining intensive treatment of diabetes and its effect on the development and progression of complications. Data Synthesis: Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy occur in all clinical forms of diabetes mellitus, regardless of the cause of the diabetes. Hyperglycemia appears to be the major variable shared among these different clinical forms; and epidemiologic data, studies in animal models of diabetes, and the results of recent interventional studies such as the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, all support an important and perhaps dominant role of hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of complications. However, the diverse complications may not share the same pathogenesis. Different pathogenetic mechanisms may operate in different types of diabetic complications or at different stages of specific complications, or both. Conclusions: The level of chronic glycemia is the best established concomitant factor associated with diabetic complications. The mechanism by which hyperglycemia might cause complications remains unknown, and evidence for a uniform pathogenetic mechanism is far from established.
Colonization of the Human Gut by <i>E. coli</i> and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Mathilde Bonnet, Emmanuel Buc, Pierre Sauvanet, Claude Darcha, Damien Dubois, Bruno Pereira, Pierre Déchelotte, Richard Bonnet, Denis Pezet, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

The intestinal microbiota is potentially involved in the development of colorectal carcinoma via various mechanisms. Escherichia coli are commensal bacteria of the human gut microbiota, but some pathogenic strains have acquired the ability to induce chronic inflammation and/or produce toxins, such as cyclomodulin, which could participate in the carcinogenesis process. Here, we analyzed the E. coli population associated with mucosa of patients with colon cancer in relation to clinicopathologic characteristics. We assessed carcinogenic properties of a colon cancer-associated E. coli strain in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice.Mucosa-associated or internalized E. coli were quantified and characterized from tumors and mucosa of patients with colon cancer and the healthy mucosa of diverticulosis controls. Min mice were inoculated with a colon cancer-associated E. coli strain (11G5). The number of colonic polyps was evaluated at 7 weeks after infection.An increased level of mucosa-associated and internalized E. coli was observed in the tumors compared with normal tissue. A relationship between poor prognostic factors for colon cancer (tumor-node-metastasis stage) and colonization of mucosa by E. coli was observed. Pathogenic cyclomodulin-positive E. coli strains were more prevalent on mucosa of patients with stages III/IV than those with stage I colon cancer. Proliferative index and E. coli colonization level of the mucosa distant from the tumor significantly correlated. Min mice infected with the E. coli strain 11G5 displayed a marked increase in the number of visible colonic polyps compared with controls.These findings support that pathogenic E. coli could be a cofactor in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
An investigation of unexplained infant deaths in houses contaminated with methyl parathion.
Authors: Annemarie Wasley, Lisa A Lepine, Roland Jenkins, Carol Rubin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In Lorain County, Ohio, unexplained infant deaths in homes sprayed with methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, prompted an investigation to determine whether infants living in treated homes are at higher risk for unexplained death. A case was defined as any death of an infant (12 months of age) in Lorain County between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1994, attributed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or other unknown natural causes. For each case infant, birth certificate data were used to identify two control infants matched with regard to date of birth, sex, city of residence, and maternal race and educational level. Wipe samples from the home address listed on the birth certificate of control infants or the death certificate of case infants were analyzed for MP. Birth certificates provided additional risk factor information. The relationship between MP contamination and unexplained death was analyzed by exact conditional logistic regression. Wipe samples were collected from the residences of 34 case infants and 72 control infants. MP (&gt;0.02 mg/100 cm2) was detected in five homes, three of which had been occupied by case infants. Case infants were 4.6 times more likely than control infants to have lived in MP-treated homes, but the confidence interval (CI) was wide (95% CI: 0.2, 274.7) and included 1. Maternal smoking, young maternal age, and the presence of other siblings in the family were each independently predictive of case status. In a multivariate model adjusting for these other variables and the matching variables, the estimated risk associated with MP exposure was 13.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 2,685.0). Although this association was not statistically significant and should be interpreted cautiously, it suggests an increased risk for unexplained death among infants living in MP-contaminated homes. The relationship between children's health and exposure to OP pesticides including MP should be evaluated further.
Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia
Authors: Christopher S Fry, Jonah D Lee, Jyothi Mula, Tyler J Kirby, Janna R Jackson, Fujun Liu, Lin Yang, Christopher L Mendias, Esther E Dupont-Versteegden, John J McCarthy, Charlotte A Peterson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
HIV Integrase Inhibitors — Out of the Pipeline and into the Clinic
Authors: Diane V. Havlir
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been transformed over the past two decades from a fatal to a chronic disease, because of combination antiretroviral therapy — a medical triumph.1 However, HIV has proven to be a masterful escape artist with regard to the pharmacologic agents strategically deployed to block its replication, and the counterpoint to the antiretroviral success story is one of drug resistance and toxicity. For a sizable number of patients who have developed or acquired highly drug-resistant HIV, suffering the ill effects of HIV disease is either a reality or a looming threat. In most patients with highly . . .
Death after flumazenil.
Authors: B R Birch, R A Miller
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Following chemotherapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin) three patients developed Lhermitte9s sign and peripheral neuropathy. The toxic side effects did not become apparent until after treatment had ceased. Because of increasing use of cisplatin to achieve lasting remission in patients with malignant disease proprioceptive and myelopathic side effects may become increasingly common.
An Address on the Nomenclature of Skin-Diseases; with Especial Reference to Hybrid, Syphilitic, and Medicinal Eruptions
Authors: R. Liveing
Journal: BMJ (1887)

DERMAvOLOGISTs bave always found an interesting occupation in the classification of skin-diseases, and it must be admitted that tracing out their relationships is a somewhat fascinating study; but, except as an exercise which each may follow for himself, it is of very little practical use.The nomenclature of skin-diseases on the other hand, though less interesting is of far greater importance.The free inter- change of medical literature at the present day renders a uniform nomenclature in the highest degree desirable.A very close approximation to uniformity has already been attained in England, France, Germany and America, and this is rapidly extending to other eountries.-This result has been gradually brought about, not by any sudden change, but by a steady exclusion of those names that are use- less or obsolete, and the retention of those only that indicate definite diseases.Most of these names have become familiar by long use, but have now assigned to them a more exact and scientific meaning than formerly.A good example of this dying-out of names is supplied by the word "porrigo," which is fast becoming obsolete.The name is used by Celsus for diseases of the scalp, and early in the present centurv Bate- man thus defines it: "The porrigo is a contagious disease, principally characterised by an eruption of the pustules denominated favi afid achores, unaccompanied by fever.The several appearances which the disorder assumes are reducible to five or six specific forms," namely,Porrigo larvalis" (infantile eczema capitis) ; " P. furfurans" (steatorrhcea cap.); " P. lupinosa" (favus); " P. scutulata" (tines tons.);" P.decalvans" (area);P. favosa" (impetigo).It is inter- esting, and in this case satisfactory, to look back and see what progress we have made in half a century.Porrigo, then, i8 a good ex.ample of a name which has just died out.*Eczema on the other hand, is an illustration of an old word retained, but used in a far more exact though also more comprehensive sense than formerly.Not long ago this disease, as it passed through its different stages (hy-
Transcription of the murine iNOS gene is inhibited by docosahexaenoic acid, a major constituent of fetal and neonatal sera as well as fish oils.
Authors: T Khair-El-Din, S C Sicher, M A Vazquez, G W Chung, K A Stallworth, K Kitamura, R T Miller, C Y Lu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Macrophage activation is deficient in the fetus and neonate when the serum concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are 150 microM, or 10-50-fold higher than in the adult. We now show that DHA inhibits production of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages stimulated in vitro by IFNgamma plus LPS, or by IFNgamma plus TNFalpha. The half-maximal inhibitory activity of DHA was approximately 25 microM. There were strict biochemical requirements of the fatty acid for inhibition. Polyenoic fatty acids with 22 carbons were more inhibitory than those with 20 carbons. Among 22-carbon fatty acids, those with a greater number of double bonds and a double bond in the n-3 position were more inhibitory. DHA was the most inhibitory of the polyenoic acids we tested. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is the enzyme responsible for the production of NO by macrophages. NO production is initiated after new iNOS enzyme is synthesized following transcription of the iNOS gene. In macrophages stimulated by IFNgamma plus LPS, DHA inhibited accumulation of iNOS mRNA, as measured by Northern blotting, and iNOS transcription, as measured by nuclear run-on assays. We transfected RAW 264.7 macrophages with a construct containing the iNOS promoter fused to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene. DHA inhibited activation of this promoter by IFN gamma plus LPS. By inhibiting iNOS transcription in the fetus and neonate, DHA may contribute to their increased susceptibility to infection.