tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral Therapy in a Thousand Patients with AIDS in Haiti
Authors: Patrice Severe, Paul Leger, Macarthur Charles, Francine Noel, Gerry Bonhomme, Gyrlande Bois, Erik George, Stefan Kenel-Pierre, Peter F. Wright, Roy Gulick, Warren D. Johnson, Jean William Pape, Daniel W. Fitzgerald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The one-year survival rate of adults and children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), without antiretroviral therapy, has been about 30 percent in Haiti. Antiretroviral therapy has recently become available in Haiti and in other developing countries. Data on the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in developing countries are limited. High rates of coinfection with tropical diseases and tuberculosis, along with malnutrition and limited laboratory monitoring of therapy, may decrease the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in these countries.We studied the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in the first 1004 consecutive patients with AIDS and without previous antiretroviral therapy who were treated beginning in March 2003 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.During a 14-month period, three-drug antiretroviral therapy was initiated in 1004 patients, including 94 children under 13 years of age. At enrollment, the median CD4 T-cell count in adults and adolescents was 131 per cubic millimeter (interquartile range, 55 to 211 per cubic millimeter); in children, a median of 13 percent of T cells were CD4-positive (interquartile range, 8 to 20 percent). According to a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, 87 percent of adults and adolescents and 98 percent of children were alive one year after beginning treatment. In a subgroup of 100 adult and adolescent patients who were followed for 48 to 56 weeks, 76 patients had fewer than 400 copies of human immunodeficiency virus RNA per milliliter. In adults and adolescents, the median increase in the CD4 T-cell count from baseline to 12 months was 163 per cubic millimeter (interquartile range, 77 to 251 per cubic millimeter). In children, the median percentage of CD4 T cells rose from 13 percent at baseline to 26 percent (interquartile range, 22 to 36 percent) at 12 months. Treatment-limiting toxic effects occurred in 102 of the 910 adults and adolescents (11 percent) and 5 of the 94 children (5 percent).This report documents the feasibility of effective antiretroviral therapy in a large number of patients in an impoverished country. Overall, the outcomes are similar to those in the United States. These results provide evidence in support of international efforts to make antiretroviral therapy available to patients with AIDS in developing countries.
Response to the letter by Eran et al.
Authors: Teiichi Furuichi, Tetsushi Sadakata
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

We read with great interest the comment by Eran et al. (1) regarding our recently published CADPS2 article in the JCI (2). We appreciate their comment that “exon 3 skipping likely represents a minor isoform rather than aberrant splicing” in the blood and postmortem cerebella of both healthy and autistic individuals. However, we are concerned about the sensitivity of detection of exon 3 skipping in their experiments and have a few replies to their letter. 

First, the signal intensity of the exon 3–skipped CADPS2 band was considerably weaker than that of the normal band in some ASD and control blood samples (Figure 1A in ref. 1), in contrast to our results using samples from autism, but not pervasive development disorder — not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), samples. Moreover, only a trace amount of skipped band was detected in all postmortem cerebella they analyzed (Figure 1D in ref. 1). 

Second, they utilized RT-PCR with a nested amplification (at 70 cycles) to detect a control sample C14 with a skipped, but no normal, band (which was called “homozygous” in their comment; Figure 1C in ref. 1) and claimed that only one sample (control sample C14) was homozygous in their study. Little quantitative gain is generally noticed when increasing the number of cycles to such an extraordinary number. We are left wondering if only the skipped band would also be detected in case C14 using an ordinary RT-PCR method (similar to our method with 48 cycles), such as that used to generate the data shown in Figure 1A (1). 

Third, their argument regarding one sample “homozygous for the exon 3–skipped allele” and “heterozygous” samples may not be appropriate, since the terms are usually used for genomic DNA, not mRNA. Also, it is yet unknown whether exon 3 skipping is of a cis- or trans-acting genetic origin or some other origin such as epigenetic. 

Fourth, considering the results of Eran et al., we assume that a balance between exon 3–skipped and normal CADPS2 is important for the local secretion property (somato-dendritic, axonal, and synaptic secretion) of CADPS2. Our JCI article indicated that exon 3–skipped CADPS2 is not transported into the axons of cultured neurons and suggested that disturbance of this balance may cause a defect in local secretion. Impaired synaptic secretion should be more serious in neurons that dominantly express exon 3–skipped CADPS2 than in those that weakly express it. Thus, excessive exon 3 skipping, together with a combination of other genetic mutations, might contribute to susceptibility to autism. 

Finally, we have recently succeeded in generating a mouse line expressing exon 3–skipped Cadps2 and have confirmed that exon 3 is critical for the subcellular localization of Cadps2 in neurons (our unpublished observations). Further studies will shed light on the association of exon 3 skipping with disturbed brain development and behavioral traits.
Hemodialysis and Pregnancy
Authors: Wayne M. Trebbin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

When severe renal failure requiring hemodialysis complicates pregnancy, there is hesitation to continue the pregnancy. However, successful hemodialysis in pregnancy is being reported with growing frequency. Fetal survival and even conception is possible in patients undergoing dialysis. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1811-1812, 1979)
Chronic disease must top the agenda
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The BMJ archive has been put to various good uses since it was digitised and made available on bmj.com two years ago ( BMJ 2010:341;c6898, c6738, c5168). This week, Mangesh Thorat and colleagues present a brief summary of their findings after searching the archive from 1840 for mentions of four communicable and four non-communicable diseases (doi:10.1136/bmj.c3306). The temporal trends are not surprising and nicely illustrate a story of our time—the beginning of the 20th century is the era of chronic disease.

If the BMJ does its job properly over the next 50 years, the trajectory of coverage of chronic disease is likely to climb even more steeply. …
Case 32-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A five-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of a chronic cough. The patient was the product of a full-term normal delivery and weighed 8 pounds at birth. At the age of a year and a half there was the onset of a persistent cough that was productive of thick, yellowish sputum and was most pronounced three or four hours after he went to bed, especially if he lay on his back. The cough was associated with eructations, and he often had paroxysms of coughing during a meal. The temperature was rarely elevated. One year before . . .
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (Darc) polymorphism regulates circulating concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and other inflammatory mediators
Authors: Renate B. Schnabel, Jens Baumert, Maja Barbalic, Josée Dupuis, Patrick T. Ellinor, Peter Durda, Abbas Dehghan, Joshua C. Bis, Thomas Illig, Alanna C. Morrison, Nancy S. Jenny, John F. Keaney, Christian Gieger, Cathy Tilley, Jennifer F. Yamamoto, Natalie Khuseyinova, Gerardo Heiss, Margaret Doyle, Stefan Blankenberg, Christian Herder, Jeremy D. Walston, Yanyan Zhu, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Norman Klopp, Eric Boerwinkle, Martin G. Larson, Bruce M. Psaty, Annette Peters, Christie M. Ballantyne, Jacqueline C. M. Witteman, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Emelia J. Benjamin, Wolfgang Koenig, Russell P. Tracy
Journal: Blood (2009)
British aneurysm nimodipine trial reported improved clinical outcome with nimodipine
Authors: G. D Murray
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--L E Wagenknecht and colleagues report a randomised placebo controlled trial, in which the calcium antagonist nimodipine was assessed as a possible neuroprotective agent during cardiac surgery.1 The trial was stopped prematurely after 149 patients had been enrolled because an interim analsis showed an excess mortality with nimodipine (eight deaths versus one). This excess mortality was strongly associated with major surgical …
549 Hepatitis C in 2,410 patients 65 years or older. A severe and neglected curable disease?
Authors: D THABUT, S LECALVEZ, V THIBAULT, J MASSARD, C DARONDEL, J MOUSSALLI, M MUNTEANU, V DIMARTINO, Y BENHAMOU, V RATZIU
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

High-performance liquid chromatography on a stable silver ion column permitted the isolation of clean fractions differing in degree of unsaturation, with zero to six double bonds, of the methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids from complex lipid samples. By a combination of gas chromatographic analysis of the methyl esters on capillary columns coated with polar phases, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the picolinyl ester derivatives, separated on non-polar phases, most components can be identified. In order to demonstrate the methodology, fatty acids from the Black Sea invertebrates Mytilus galloprovincialis and Rapana thomasiana were separated into 41 and 46 defined components, respectively (58 different fatty acids in total), and full quantitative analyses were achieved of most constituents present at levels of about 0.1% of the total and above. The fatty acids found included mono- and multi-methyl branched isomers, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the (n-1), (n-3), (n-4), (n-5), (n-6), (n-7), (n-8), (n-9), (n-11) and (n-13) families, and dienoic acids with several methylene groups between the double bonds, ranging in chain length from C13 to C22.
Safety and efficacy of CYT387, a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, in myelofibrosis
Authors: A Pardanani, R R Laborde, T L Lasho, C Finke, K Begna, A Al-Kali, W J Hogan, M R Litzow, A Leontovich, M Kowalski, A Tefferi
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

JAK-STAT is a rational drug target in myelofibrosis (MF) given its association with JAK2/MPL mutations and aberrant inflammatory cytokine expression. We conducted a Phase 1/2 trial of CYT387, a potent JAK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with high- or intermediate-risk primary or post-polycythemia vera/essential thrombocythemia MF. Pre-planned safety and efficacy analysis has been completed for the initial 60 patients. In the dose-escalation phase (n=21), the maximum-tolerated dose was 300 mg/day based on reversible grade 3 headache and asymptomatic hyperlipasemia. Twenty-one and 18 additional patients were accrued at two biologically effective doses, 300 mg/day and 150 mg/day, respectively. Anemia and spleen responses, per International Working Group criteria, were 59% and 48%, respectively. Among 33 patients who were red cell-transfused in the month prior to study entry, 70% achieved a minimum 12-week period without transfusions (range 4.7–>18.3 months). Most patients experienced constitutional symptoms improvement. Grade 3/4 adverse reactions included thrombocytopenia (32%), hyperlipasemia (5%), elevated liver transaminases (3%) and headache (3%). New-onset treatment-related peripheral neuropathy was observed in 22% of patients (sensory symptoms, grade 1). CYT387 is well tolerated and produces significant anemia, spleen and symptom responses in MF patients. Plasma cytokine and gene expression studies suggested a broad anticytokine drug effect.
IgA pemphigus foliaceus with a clinical presentation of pemphigus herpetiformis
Authors: Tadeusz P. Chorzelski, Ernst H. Beutner, Cezary Kowalewski, Malgorzata Olszewska, Ewa Maciejowska, Elzbieta Seferowicz, Vijay Kumar, Stefania Jablonska
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)
Meta‐analysis of the influence of I148M variant of patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene ( <i>PNPLA3</i> ) on the susceptibility and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Silvia Sookoian, Carlos J. Pirola
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Our objective was to estimate the strength of the effect of the I148M (rs738409 C/G) patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 ( PNPLA3) variant on nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and disease severity across different populations. We performed a systematic review by a meta-analysis; literature searches identified 16 studies. Our results showed that rs738409 exerted a strong influence not only on liver fat accumulation (GG homozygous showed 73% higher lipid fat content when compared with CC ones, data from 2,937 subjects; P &lt; 1 × 10−9), but also on the susceptibility of a more aggressive disease (GG homozygous had 3.24-fold greater risk of higher necroinflammatory scores and 3.2-fold greater risk of developing fibrosis when compared with CC homozygous; P &lt; 1 × 10−9; data from 1,739 and 2,251 individuals, respectively). Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was more frequently observed in GG than CC homozygous (odds ratio [OR] 3.488, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.859–6.545, random model; P &lt; 2 × 10−4; data from 2,124 patients). Evaluation of the risk associated with heterozygosity for the variant suggests that the additive genetic model best explains the effect of rs738409 on the susceptibility to develop NAFLD. Nevertheless, carrying two G alleles does not seem to increase the risk of severe histological features. Meta-regression showed a negative correlation between male sex and the effect of rs738409 on liver fat content (slope: −2.45 ± 1.04; P &lt; 0.02). The rs738409 GG genotype versus the CC genotype was associated with a 28% increase in serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Conclusion: By summarizing the amount of evidence, this study provided unequivocal evidence of rs738409 as a strong modifier of the natural history of NAFLD in different populations around the world. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Carol Ann Olson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The assertion by Dr Soll<sup>1</sup>that "single-antibiotic combinations of either clarithromycin or amoxicillin with PPIs... efficacy is less than 70%" is incorrect. While appropriate for amoxicillin, this efficacy level is not valid for clarithromycin. The<i>H pylori</i>eradication rate of 83% for clarithromycin and omeprazole has been published.<sup>2</sup>Clarithromycin plus omeprazole yielded consistent eradication rates of 74% or more in 3 of 4 well-controlled studies, which were the basis for FDA approval of this combination.<sup>3</sup>These studies were randomized double-blind, multicenter studies with rigorous assessment of<i>H pylori</i>status and follow-up for 6 months posttreatment; they represent both US and European populations. In contrast, essentially all results presented in Figure 1 in the Consensus Statement by Dr Soll were from unblinded studies, mostly conducted in Europe. Differences in study design and assessment of<i>H pylori</i>eradication hamper comparisons among studies. The most effective regimen can only be
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS WITH VQ SCANNING ARE VALUABLE IN DIAGNOSING PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: John M. Hoffman, Scott T. Grafton, Andrew Y. Lee, Randy A. Hawkins, Milo M. Webber
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Hoffman, John M.; Grafton, Scott T.; Lee, Andrew Y.; Hawkins, Randy A.; Webber, Milo M. Author Information
Spurious polycythaemia developing during observation.
Authors: L E Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (1978)

lasting remission with immunotherapy.All patients are alive without any relapse six to 14 years after beginning immunotherapy.HLA phenotypes were determined by microlymphocytotoxicity assay in microtest plates.Selected monospecific or bispecific antisera enabled us to test for 31 HLA antigens.Frozen rabbit serum was used as the source of complement.Antigen frequencies of these patients were compared with those of 591 healthy individuals and of 14 ALL long-term survivors from the initial study by Kourilsky et al, which had used chemotherapy exclusively.The HLA phenotypes are listed in the table.When antigen frequencies
Determination of Allergenic Cross-Reactivity between 11S-Globulins (Seed Storage Proteins) in Peanut, Tree-Nut and Sesame Allergic Patients Using Peptide Microarray Immunoassay
Authors: D.A. Lencer, L. Rosenfeld, L. Bardina, W.G. Shreffler, H.A. Sampson, K. Beyer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Impact of community-orientated psychiatry on marriage and fertility of psychotic women
Authors: B. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A large representative sample of psychotic women of reproductive age was selected from patients admitted to a London mental hospital during 1955–63 and followed up during the years of developing community care. Before first admission the probability of marriage of schizophrenics was three-quarters of that of corresponding normal women, and after admission it was just over one-third of normal. Fertility of schizophrenics was slightly reduced both before and after illness, and much of this reduction remains due to their being in hospital. The probability of marriage and fertility of women suffering from severe affective disorders was very similar to that found in the corresponding general population. Despite a lessening of differentials between patients and normal women since the impact of community care the probability of marriage of schizophrenics with abnormal personalities is still significantly reduced.
LEPROSY IN AMERICA BEFORE THE ADVENT OF THE SPANIARDS AND THE NEGROES.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1894)

There seems to be some apparent authority for the existence of leprosy in Mexico and Peru, before the arrival of the Spaniards. Sahagan says:" It was the custom in ancient Mexico that once in eight years they danced around the statue of Tlaloc. The performers were masked as animals, birds, laborers and sick men." Among the diseases personated by the latter, syphilis and lepra are named. We find in the same author, a sentence of much more importance: "Those who have the disease of lepra generally lose their eyebrows and suffer great hunger. To cure them it will be necessary to give them a bath, two or three times, and when they come out of the bath, it will also be advisable to rub them with herbs and roots which have been first ground. Let them drink the water of a root called<i>texputli</i>; and if these remedies do no
Design and characterization of a novel amphiphilic chitosan nanocapsule-based thermo-gelling biogel with sustained in vivo release of the hydrophilic anti-epilepsy drug ethosuximide
Authors: Meng-Hsuan Hsiao, Mikael Larsson, Anette Larsson, Hanne Evenbratt, Ying-Yu Chen, You-Yin Chen, Dean-Mo Liu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Peginterferon plus Adefovir versus Either Drug Alone for Hepatitis Delta
Authors: Heiner Wedemeyer, Cihan Yurdaydìn, George N. Dalekos, Andreas Erhardt, Yilmaz Çakaloğlu, Halil Değertekin, Selim Gürel, Stefan Zeuzem, Kalliopi Zachou, Hakan Bozkaya, Armin Koch, Thomas Bock, Hans Peter Dienes, Michael P. Manns
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) results in the most severe form of viral hepatitis. There is no currently approved treatment. We investigated the safety and efficacy of 48 weeks of treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a plus adefovir dipivoxil, peginterferon alfa-2a alone, and adefovir dipivoxil alone.
Underwater Swimming and Loss of Consciousness
Authors: Albert B. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Under certain circumstances a person swimming under water may lose consciousness. Eight incidents here described indicate that hyperventilation before breath-holding and exercise may delay the onset of the urge to breathe. Before the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub>increases significantly, the O<sub>2</sub>may decrease to a degree incompatible with high-level cerebral function. In 5 cases of drowning also reported, this chain of events is likely to have occurred. Discussion of the details suggests that certain preventive steps can be taken without discouraging swimmers from learning to handle themselves under water.
Coronary Artery Thrombosis
Authors: John R. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  The question is asked inThe Journal(229:1661, 1974): Why are the coronary arteries so prone to  It seems worthwhile to consider first:  the coronary arteries unusually prone to   Coronary artery thrombosis and cerebral artery thrombosis both result in a frightening illness, readily diagnosed, commonly resulting in death, and therefore often seen at necropsy. Are the cerebral arteries also prone to thrombosis?  Renal and splenic arteries commonly show severe atheroma, and infarcts or scars are common chance findings in the kidney and spleen at necropsy. Thrombosis is an occasional unexpected finding in small arteries in other regions. Unless the vascular disease is widespread or severe, the resultant condition is usually minor or reversible.  Thus: Is thrombosis unusually common in the coronary arteries, or is it just commonly diagnosed?
Membrane-Associated Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways in Human Cancers
Authors: Richard J. Pietras, Diana C. Márquez-Garbán
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Hormonal therapy is a mainstay in the clinical management of patients with breast tumors that express estrogen receptor (ER). The antitumor efficacy of these endocrine treatments depends on tight regulation of breast tumor cell growth by estrogens and growth factors. However, as these cancers
Necrotizing folliculitis in AIDS-related complex
Authors: R.J. BARLOW, E.J. SCHULZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

A clinically mild recurrent rash in a young male homosexual with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex was found on histological examination to consist of a severe necrotizing folliculitis with underlying vasculitis, Follicular eruptions are amongst the seemingly banal dermatological disorders which may accompany AIDS or its prodromes.
Asanguineous Total-Body Perfusion
Authors: William A. Neely
Journal: JAMA (1963)

USING A COMBINATION of hemodilution and hypothermia, DeWall and Lillehei<sup>1</sup>have shown that patients subjected to extracorporeal circulation exhibit no ill effects from the decreased oxygen capacity of perfused blood. Apparently the oxygen supplied is sufficient at this lower temperature to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation. Dilution of the blood reduces the requirement for large quantities of donor blood. Boerema et al<sup>2</sup>have shown that animals can survive without blood cells in a chamber supplied with air at three times normal atmospheric pressure. The success of either of these techniques depends on a supply of oxygen sufficient to maintain aerobic metabolism under the experimental conditions. Youmans et al,<sup>3</sup>however, have demonstrated that animals can survive complete cessation of cerebral blood flow for periods as long as 30 min. They stopped cerebral flow by raising cerebrospinal fluid pressure, while the rest of the body remained well oxygenated. Wolfe<sup>4</sup>