tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer Cell Lines Harboring<i>MET</i>Gene Amplification Are Dependent on Met for Growth and Survival
Authors: Bart Lutterbach, Qinwen Zeng, Lenora J. Davis, Harold Hatch, Gaozhen Hang, Nancy E. Kohl, Jackson B. Gibbs, Bo-Sheng Pan
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Recent clinical successes of small-molecule epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have raised hopes that the identification of other deregulated growth factor pathways in NSCLC will lead to new therapeutic options for NSCLC. Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, has been implicated in growth, invasion, and metastasis of many tumors including NSCLC. To assess the functional role for Met in NSCLC, we evaluated a panel of nine lung cancer cell lines for Met gene amplification, Met expression, Met pathway activation, and the sensitivity of the cell lines to short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated Met knockdown. Two cell lines, EBC-1 and H1993, showed significant Met gene amplification and overexpressed Met receptors which were constitutively phosphorylated. The other seven lines did not exhibit Met amplification and expressed much lower levels of Met, which was phosphorylated only on addition of hepatocyte growth factor. We also found a strong up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in beta-catenin and p120/delta-catenin in the Met-amplified EBC-1 and H1993 cell lines. ShRNA-mediated Met knockdown induced significant growth inhibition, G(1)-S arrest, and apoptosis in EBC-1 and H1993 cells, whereas it had little or no effect on the cell lines that do not have Met amplification. These results strongly suggest that Met amplification identifies a subset of NSCLC likely to respond to new molecular therapies targeting Met.
Science and Society: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The recent 500th birthday anniversary of the great Polish cosmologist, Nicholas Copernicus, was the occasion for an important conference at the University of Michigan. In addition to elucidating the life and achievements of Copernicus, the conference explored the always stormy marriage of science and society, which also dates from the 15th century. Knoll's opening essay and Rhodes' postscript are excellent aids to learning about Copernicus, who was an educator, public official, economist, clergyman, and physician, as well as a pioneer scientist. Two principal concerns appear in several papers: first, that scientific or positivistic philosophy taken alone is not sufficient to sustain intellectual health,and second, that the humanities possess some very important concepts that have been neglected. This conference expresses little of the exasperated anger of some academicians for everything of science and technology. The speakers avoid the peculiar arguments of the popular antirationalist-antiempiricist philosophy as displayed by C. Reich, N.
Long-term pyrene exposure of grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, affects molting and reproduction of exposed males and offspring of exposed females.
Authors: E Oberdörster, M Brouwer, T Hoexum-Brouwer, S Manning, J A McLachlan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of long-term pyrene exposure on molting and reproduction in the model estuarine invertebrate, the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp were exposed to measured concentrations of 5.1, 15.0, and 63. 4 ppb (microg/L) pyrene for 6 weeks, during which time we determined molting and survivorship. At the end of the exposure, we immediately sacrificed some of the shrimp for biomarker (CYP1A and vitellin) analyses. The remaining shrimp were used to analyze fecundity and embryo survivorship during an additional 6 weeks after termination of pyrene exposure. Male shrimp at the highest pyrene dose (63 ppb) experienced a significant delay in molting and in time until reproduction, and showed elevated ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase (ECOD) activity immediately after the 6-week exposure period. In contrast, 63 ppb pyrene did not affect these parameters in female shrimp. Females produced the same number of eggs per body weight, with high egg viability (98-100%) at all exposure levels, but with decreased survival for the offspring of the 63-ppb pyrene-exposed females. In addition, vitellin levels were elevated only in females at 63 ppb pyrene after the 6-week exposure. We hypothesize that the elevated vitellin binds pyrene and keeps it biologically unavailable to adult females, resulting in maternal transfer of pyrene to the embryos. This would account for the lack of effect of pyrene exposure on ECOD activity, molting, and reproduction in the adult females, and for reduced survival of their offspring.
703-4 Second Harmonic Imaging Enhances Contrast Echocardiography in Patients with Cardiac Disease: Demonstration of Feasibility
Authors: Ehtisham Mahmud, Bruno Cotter, Bruce Kimura, Constance Calisi, Oi Ling Kwan, Linda Donaghey, Karen Wheeler, Daniel Blanchard, William Keen, Anthony N. DeMaria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Neuronal targets for reducing mutant huntingtin expression to ameliorate disease in a mouse model of Huntington's disease
Authors: Nan Wang, Michelle Gray, Xiao-Hong Lu, Jeffrey P Cantle, Sandra M Holley, Erin Greiner, Xiaofeng Gu, Dyna Shirasaki, Carlos Cepeda, Yuqing Li, Hongwei Dong, Michael S Levine, X William Yang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Draft mental health bill needs major overhaul, says committee
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Government plans to reform mental health services will force too many people into compulsory treatment and erode their civil liberties, a committee of MPs and peers appointed to scrutinise the legislation has warned. The draft mental health bill is “fundamentally flawed” and needs a major overhaul, concludes the joint parliamentary committee, which was appointed to scrutinise the bill and recommend improvements before a final version is put before parliament.
Is Domestic Violence Followed by an Increased Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Among Women But Not Among Men? A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Miriam Ehrensaft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

The association between violence between intimate partners and psychiatric disorders is assumed to reflect a causal link. This assumption is now questioned because several longitudinal studies have documented that adolescents with psychiatric disorders grow up to be overrepresented among adults involved in partner violence.
Slaughter of the Innocents
Authors: Lester Adelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Salisbury. His passion is so ripe it needs must break.Pembroke And when it breaks, I fear will issue thence The foul corruption of a sweet child's death.I 'HE killing of a child is usually a different type Tf I 'HE killing of a child is usually a different type of crime from the killing of an adult. Motive, intent, emotional environment and method are frequently totally dissimilar when the victim is a child of two or three years of age rather than a person of mature years.Forty-six homicides in which the victims were either infants preadolescent children . . .
Perceptions and Misperceptions of Skin Color
Authors: Stephen H. Caldwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Case presentations are part of many clinicians' daily routines.The format for such presentations often involves stating the age, sex, and race of the patient in the opening description. However, although single-word racial labels such as "black" or "white" are of occasional help to the clinician, they are of limited diagnostic and therapeutic help in many routine cases. Because of their broad scope and lack of scientific clarity, these terms often poorly represent information—for example, about genetic risks and perceptions of disease—that they are supposed to convey. In many instances, they are superficial and potentially misleading terms that fail to serve the patient's medical needs. Demoting these terms from the opening line of routine case presentations shows a recognition of their limitations as scientific labels. Our patients will be better served by more detailed explorations of ethnicity, when germane, in the History of Present Illness or Social History sections of the case presentation in question.
Landmark Article April 10, 1920: Nonoperative determination of patency of fallopian tubes in sterility. Intra-uterine inflation with oxygen, and production of an artificial pneumoperitoneum. Preliminary report. By I.C.Rubin
Authors: I. C. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The value of oxygen in conjunction with the roentgen ray as an aid in the diagnosis of obscure abdominal conditions has been demonstrated in a number of recent publications. No ill effects have accompanied or followed the pneumoperitoneum produced by inflation of the abdominal cavity with oxygen gas. The tolerance of the peritoneum for oxygen even in large volume, and the fact that its presence can be detected by fluoroscopy and roentgenography have led to its use as a diagnostic procedure in determining patency of the fallopian tubes. If the gas injected into the uterus under certain measurable pressure would pass into the fallopian tubes, it ought to reach the general peritoneal cavity. In patients with patent fallopian tubes the gas would establish an artificial pneumoperitoneum identical with that produced when injected by direct abdominal puncture. In patients with occluded tubes no such result could be obtained. Accordingly, experiments were
Key variables in tests of food sharing
Authors: Margaret Franzen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Gurven discusses three key features of food sharing, specifically producer control, need, and contingency. I make two general points regarding the use of these variables in tests of food-sharing hypotheses. First, that these variables are relative, not absolute concepts; and second, that the predictions generated from these variables overlap significantly. In addition, I suggest frequency of sharing as a measure of contingency for the RA hypothesis.
Bloodstream infections in hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Lalita Chulamokha, Stephen J. Scholand, Jeff M. Riggio, Samir K. Ballas, David Horn, Joseph A. DeSimone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in people with sickle cell disease (SCD). In children with SCD, BSI are most often caused by encapsulated organisms. There is a surprising paucity of medical literature that is focused on evaluating SCD adults with BSI. We reviewed the charts of adults with SCD and BSI who were admitted to our hospital between April 1999 and August 2003. During this period a total of 1,692 hospital admissions for 193 adults with SCD were identified and 28% of these patients had at least 1 episode of positive blood cultures, with 69 episodes (17%) considered true BSI. Nosocomial BSI occurred in 34 episodes (49%). Among community BSI, in contrast to BSI in children with SCD, Streptococcus pneumoniae was rarely encountered. A high incidence of staphylococcal BSI in adults with SCD was noted. Twenty‐eight percent of all BSI were caused by Staphylococcus aureus , and 15 of 22 isolates (68%) of these were methicillin‐resistant. Gram‐negative organisms, anaerobes, and yeast were found in 21 (27%), 3 (4%), and 4 isolates (5%) of BSI, respectively. Since over 80% of BSI were considered catheter‐related, the higher incidence of gram‐positive bacterial infections was likely due to the presence of indwelling central venous catheters. Empiric therapy for adults with SCD suspected of having BSI, especially in the presence of indwelling central venous catheters, should include antimicrobial therapy targeted at gram‐positive bacteria (especially MRSA) and gram‐negative bacteria. Also, if patients are critically ill, consideration should be made to include antifungal agents. Additional research into the adult SCD population appears necessary to further define this problem. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS DUE TO LEAD.
Authors: FRANK S. BILLINGS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The subject assigned to me in the symposium was "Arteriosclerosis Due to Metallic Poisons." I have had no experience with the effects of other metals, and, therefore, confine my remarks to the toxic influence of lead. <h3>MODE OF ENTRANCE TO THE SYSTEM.</h3> Lead and its compounds are so commonly used by man that it is not surprising to meet with its toxic effects in the body. This occurs more frequently because with some individuals it gains easy access to the body. Not only may it be taken into the body as a contamination of food and drink and doubtless from prolonged medicinal use, but it may also be taken into the alimentary tract from the hands soiled with metallic lead or from lead paints. Doubtless it may be absorbed through the skin, as frequent cases of poisoning have occurred from the use of lead hair dyes. Cigarmakers sometime
Preclinical Corrective Gene Transfer in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Human Skin Stem Cells
Authors: Emilie Warrick, Marta Garcia, Corinne Chagnoleau, Odile Chevallier, Valérie Bergoglio, Daniela Sartori, Fulvio Mavilio, Jaime F Angulo, Marie-Françoise Avril, Alain Sarasin, Fernando Larcher, Marcela Del Rio, Françoise Bernerd, Thierry Magnaldo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a devastating disease associated with dramatic skin cancer proneness. XP cells are deficient in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of bulky DNA adducts including ultraviolet (UV)-induced mutagenic lesions. Approaches of corrective gene transfer in NER-deficient keratinocyte stem cells hold great hope for the long-term treatment of XP patients. To face this challenge, we developed a retrovirus-based strategy to safely transduce the wild-type XPC gene into clonogenic human primary XP-C keratinocytes. De novo expression of XPC was maintained in both mass population and derived independent candidate stem cells (holoclones) after more than 130 population doublings (PD) in culture upon serial propagation (>1040 cells). Analyses of retrovirus integration sequences in isolated keratinocyte stem cells suggested the absence of adverse effects such as oncogenic activation or clonal expansion. Furthermore, corrected XP-C keratinocytes exhibited full NER capacity as well as normal features of epidermal differentiation in both organotypic skin cultures and in a preclinical murine model of human skin regeneration in vivo. The achievement of a long-term genetic correction of XP-C epidermal stem cells constitutes the first preclinical model of ex vivo gene therapy for XP-C patients. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a devastating disease associated with dramatic skin cancer proneness. XP cells are deficient in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of bulky DNA adducts including ultraviolet (UV)-induced mutagenic lesions. Approaches of corrective gene transfer in NER-deficient keratinocyte stem cells hold great hope for the long-term treatment of XP patients. To face this challenge, we developed a retrovirus-based strategy to safely transduce the wild-type XPC gene into clonogenic human primary XP-C keratinocytes. De novo expression of XPC was maintained in both mass population and derived independent candidate stem cells (holoclones) after more than 130 population doublings (PD) in culture upon serial propagation (>1040 cells). Analyses of retrovirus integration sequences in isolated keratinocyte stem cells suggested the absence of adverse effects such as oncogenic activation or clonal expansion. Furthermore, corrected XP-C keratinocytes exhibited full NER capacity as well as normal features of epidermal differentiation in both organotypic skin cultures and in a preclinical murine model of human skin regeneration in vivo. The achievement of a long-term genetic correction of XP-C epidermal stem cells constitutes the first preclinical model of ex vivo gene therapy for XP-C patients.
Lysergic acid diethylamide.
Authors: J. Buckman
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide SIR,-As one who has been closely con- nected with the use of L.S.D. 25, both in research and psychotherapy since 1957, I would like to have this opportunity of clear- ing up some of the points raised in your recent correspondence.It must be agreed that the Sandoz decision to discontinue dis- tribution of the drug was somewhat precipitous, and probably annoying to most people
Points from letters: A "Guinness" for gynaecology
Authors: R W Taylor, I L C Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

call for none, in a further seven.The authors rightly concluded that more emphasis in every respect should be put on history-taking.If verbal communication between doctor and doctor is bad, is that between doctor and patient likely to be perfect?And just what proportion of published medical articles deal with verbal communication, and what pro- portion with investigations?
Noninvasive Ventilation — Don't Push Too Hard
Authors: Jonathon Dean Truwit, Gordon R. Bernard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation has been used increasingly over the past decade in an effort to avoid endotracheal intubation and to accelerate the discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. Noninvasive ventilation as adjunctive therapy can be applied before intubation or after extubation (Figure 1). The literature indicates that in both settings, outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cardiogenic pulmonary edema are successful.1 Randomized, controlled trials also provide outcome data supporting the use of noninvasive ventilation to obviate the need for endotracheal intubation in immunosuppressed patients who have bilateral infiltrates and patients who are recovering from lung resection.1 Noninvasive ventilation . . .
Erythema multiforme following substitution of amlopidine for nifedipine.
Authors: A P Bewley, M D Feher, R C Staughton
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Queen Alexander Hospital, Ports- mouth) write: We report a case of reversible opiate toxicity to Tylex not previously described.An 86 year old woman with chronic lung disease collapsed and was brought to the casualty department.She was unresponsive, cyanosed with minimal respiratory effort, and hypotensive.She displayed small pupils with no other abnormal neurological signs and had bilateral basal respiratory crackles.Her electrocardiogram and chest radiograph showed nothing abnormal, and blood gas measure- ment confirmed she was acidotic ([H+i 56-6 nmol/l), hypercapnic (Pco2 10 6 kPa), and hypoxic
Another view on the prediction of outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: S. Kruger, T. Welte, S. Ewig
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

At least two clinical rules for predicting short- and long-term mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have been successfully validated: the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), and the CURB-65 score (confusion, urea >7 mmol·L−1, respiratory frequency ≥30 breaths·min−1, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60 mmHg and age ≥65 yrs) and its modifications. The biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) has received much attention as another tool to predict outcomes and, possibly, stratify patients according to treatment settings. Recently, we found that PCT might carry an additional predictive potential for mortality across the clinical prediction score CRB-65 (confusion, respiratory frequency ≥30 breaths·min−1, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60 mmHg, and age ≥65 yrs) [1]. Schuetz et al . [2] recently reported that PCT performs poorly as a predictor of mortality and does not increase mortality prediction levels of clinical scores.

There may be several reasons for …
Can the Accuracy of Abstracts Be Improved by Providing Specific Instructions?
Authors: Roy M. Pitkin, Mary Ann Branagan
Journal: JAMA (1998)

The most-read section of a research article is the abstract, and therefore it is especially important that the abstract be accurate.To test the hypothesis that providing authors with specific instructions about abstract accuracy will result in improved accuracy.Randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention specifying 3 types of common defects in abstracts of articles that had been reviewed and were being returned to the authors with an invitation to revise.Proportion of abstracts containing 1 or more of the following defects: inconsistency in data between abstract and body of manuscript (text, tables, and figures), data or other information given in abstract but not in body, and/or conclusions not justified by information in the abstract.Of 250 manuscripts randomized, 13 were never revised and 34 were lost to follow-up, leaving a final comparison between 89 in the intervention group and 114 in the control group. Abstracts were defective in 25 (28%) and 30 (26%) cases, respectively (P=.78). Among 55 defective abstracts, 28 (51%) had inconsistencies, 16 (29%) contained data not present in the body, 8 (15%) had both types of defects, and 3 (5%) contained unjustified conclusions.Defects in abstracts, particularly inconsistencies between abstract and body and the presentation of data in abstract but not in body, occur frequently. Specific instructions to authors who are revising their manuscripts are ineffective in lowering this rate. Journals should include in their editing processes specific and detailed attention to abstracts.
PROTRACTED SHOCK: ITS CAUSE AND ITS PREVENTION
Authors: JACOB P. FROSTIG, I. MURRAY ROSSMAN, WILLIAM B. CLINE, OSCAR SCHWOERER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

(1) An attempt has been made to determine whether or not the medullary phase always precedes protracted shock. The shocks were recorded on the charts designed by the writers and published by Ross and Malzberg. It was shown that no protracted shock occurs unless the medullary phase had been reached. (2) In order to determine whether or not the persistence of medullary signs is responsible for protracted shock, an arrangement was made by which the shocks of the female group were terminated without delay as soon as the first signs of the medullary phase were recorded, while in the male group medullary signs were allowed to develop fully and to persist for some time (from one-quarter to three-quarters of an hour). (3) In the female group, in a total of 520 shocks, the medullary phase was reached 181 times. In this group no protracted shock occurred. In the male group, in a total of 995 shocks, the medullary phase was reached 237 times and was allowed to persist. Thus 18 protracted shocks resulted. Protracted shock occurred in the male group in 1.8 per cent of all shocks and in 7.8 per cent of shocks in which the medullary phase had been reached and allowed to persist. (4) It is concluded, therefore, that protracted shock occurs only in shocks where the medullary phase was allowed to develop fully and to persist for some time. However, this relatively rare occurrence in such shocks (7.8 per cent) shows that there are other factors also responsible for protracted shock. These factors were not elicited. (5) Two explanations of protracted shock are offered. In one, emphasis is placed on the disturbed function of the medullary nuclei; while in the other the continued carbohydrate deprivation of the cortical cells is considered a chief factor. The hypothetical character of such explanations is stressed. (6) The therapeutic value of protracted shock is not discussed. (7) Measures are suggested that appear to prevent the occurrence or reduce the severity of protracted shock. However, no dependable methods have been found to control severe protracted shock once it has developed, or to cope with its dangers.