tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract S5-3: PHARE Trial results of subset analysis comparing 6 to 12 months of trastuzumab in adjuvant early breast cancer
Authors: X Pivot, G Romieu, H Bonnefoi, J-Y Pierga, P Kerbrat, J-P Guastalla, A Lortholary, M Espié, P Fumoleau, D Khayat, I Pauporte, A Kramar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Since 2005, One year trastuzumab (T) treatment has been providing survival beneﬁt to patients with early breast cancer and HER2 overexpression. However, the optimal duration of T has been debatable due to concerns for cardiac toxicity and results from the FinHer trial which showed that 9 weeks of T provided a similar magnitude of benefit than the 1-year treatment. The French National Cancer Institute (INCa) initiated an academic randomised non-inferiority trial aiming to compare a shorter T exposure of 6 months versus the standard 12 months. This trial, named PHARE for ‘Protocol for Herceptin® as Adjuvant therapy with Reduced Exposure’ [NCT00381901] was approved byan independent ethics committee with regularly planned IDMC meetings. Patients and methods: Patients with HER2 + early breast cancer who received at least 4 cycles of (neo)-adjuvant chemotherapy were eligible. Randomization 1:1 using a minimisation algorithm was stratified on concomitant or sequential T administration with chemotherapy, oestrogen receptors (ER) status and center. The primary objective was to compare disease free survival (DFS). Overall survival (OS) and cardiac toxicity were investigated as secondary aims. An absolute loss of 2% in DFS in the experimental arm was defined as the non-inferiority margin (1.15 in relative terms) and required 3400 patients with alpha=0.05 and 80% power. Results: Between 5/2006 and 7/2010, 3382 patients were randomized to 6 or 12 months of T following the IDMC recommendation for accrual interruption and extended follow-up. Disease and treatment characteristics were well balanced between the 2 arms: median age 55 years (range 21–86), median tumour size 20 mm (0–270), node involvement 45%, SBR grade III 56%, ER positive 58%, radiotherapy 88%; concomitant T administration 58%, anthracyclin and taxane containing chemotherapy 73%. The data-base was locked on July 30th, 2012. The 95% HR confidence interval was ranged between 1.09–1.66 for DFS between the 2 arms and it included the pre-specified non-inferiority margins of 1.15. Thus the results were inconclusive regarding the non-inferiority (p = 0.14). A subset analysis based on stratification factors will be presented at SABCS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S5-3.
A CASE OF AMAUROTIC FAMILY IDIOCY, WITH A SUMMARY OF REPORTED CASES.
Authors: MORTIMER FRANK
Journal: JAMA (1906)

This uncommon disease is especially interesting to ophthalmologists because of the fundus changes which are pathognomonic and because Warren Tay, an English oculist, first drew attention to the subject in 1881. From that time until 1896, when Sachs proposed the name as now used, each observer described his case under a different title. Amaurotic family idiocy is a fatal disease, commencing in the early months of infant life with muscular weakness progressing to almost complete paralysis, associated with a distinct symmetrical fundus appearance and terminating in death about the end of the second year. No definite exciting cause has been assigned. There is no evidence that inherited syphilis, consanguity of parents or any of the usual diatheses is a factor. There is, however, a marked racial peculiarity. In all but six of the recorded cases the disease has occurred in Jewish children. Both male and female children are affected. There
Ontogeny of the barley plant as related to mutation expression and detection of pollen mutations.
Authors: A L Hodgdon, A H Marcus, P Arenaz, J L Rosichan, T P Bogyo, R A Nilan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Clustering of mutant pollen grains in a population of normal pollen due to premeiotic mutational events complicates translating mutation frequencies into rates. Embryo ontogeny in barley will be described and used to illustrate the formation of such mutant clusters. The nature of the statistics for mutation frequency will be described from a study of the reversion frequencies of various waxy mutants in barley. Computer analysis by a "jackknife" method of the reversion frequencies of a waxy mutant treated with the mutagen sodium azide showed a significantly higher reversion frequency than untreated material. Problems of the computer analysis suggest a better experimental design for pollen mutation experiments. Preliminary work on computer modeling for pollen development and mutation will be described.
Screening and genetic counselling for relatives of patients with colorectal cancer in a family cancer clinic.
Authors: R S Houlston, V Murday, C Harocopos, C B Williams, J Slack
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To introduce and monitor a screening programme for first degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer based on their calculated lifetime risk. DESIGN--Lifetime risks were calculated for first degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer and used to offer screening based on estimated risk. SETTING--A family cancer clinic was set up as part of the North East Thames Regional Genetic Service for relatives of patients who had developed colorectal cancer before the age of 45 and members of families in which multiple cancer had occurred. PATIENTS--Self referrals as well as patients referred by general and hospital practitioners. INTERVENTION--Relatives with a lifetime risk of 1 in 10 or greater (high risk group) were offered screening five yearly by colonoscopy, and those whose risk was between 1 in 10 and 1 in 17 were offered yearly screening for faecal occult blood. Women with family histories compatible with Lynch type II cancer family syndrome were offered screening for breast and pelvic tumours. RESULTS--In four years 715 patients were seen. Acceptance of screening was 90% (644 patients). Of 151 patients screened for faecal occult blood, two were found to have polyps. This screening test was unsatisfactory for the high risk group, having a negative predictive value of 78% in 59 patients tested. Regular screening by colonoscopy was offered to 382 high risk patients; 62 patients with polyps and five with colonic cancer were found. One hundred and ten pedigrees were identified with the Lynch type II cancer family syndrome, and four of 35 women screened were found to have breast cancer. Of 14 relatives aged over 65 with a 1 in 2 risk of site specific colonic cancer or Lynch type II cancer family syndrome, seven were found to have polyps, one of whom had carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSIONS--Family history can be used to identify those at risk of colonic cancer and to target appropriate screening. Colonoscopy detected a high number of premalignant colonic polyps, but faecal occult blood testing was unsatisfactory for those at high risk of colorectal cancer.
Management of Pruritus Ani
Authors: Sidney M. Copland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Pruritus ani is a definite disease entity and should not be confused with a symptom which bears the same name. This similarity in nomenclature has led to a state of confusion so that many physicians think the symptom and the disease are one and the same. A further difficulty in appreciating the character of the disease is the fact that it is produced by any one of a large group of factors. Many mistruths and halftruths have been handed down in various texts, and this has also retarded a dissemination of the understanding and therapy of pruritus ani. The polyvalent nature of the etiology immediately reveals that the subsequent therapy must necessarily be varied and that no specific cure exists. One can think of the disease as a "catchall" term for the conditions which result in intractable perianal itching with progressive skin changes which eventually terminate in lichenification. The well-known
COMPARISON OF EIGHT SCHEMES TO CLASSIFY DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN THE DIAST-CHF COHORT (DIASTCOMPARE): CONCORDANCE, OUTCOME AND PROGNOSIS
Authors: Volker Holzendorf, Goetz Gelbrich, Rolf Wachter, Burkert Pieske, Anja Broda, Frank Edelmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Drugs for malaria and psychosis may offer hope to people with CJD
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors at the University of California in San Francisco are starting clinical trials for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and variant CJD (vCJD) with quinacrine and chlorpromazine, after finding that the drugs inhibited the propagation of prions in a mouse neuroblastoma cell culture line (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2001;98:9836-41.).

News media have disclosed that two patients have already begun treatment and that one of them, Rachel Forber, …
Plan leaves England "with third division" health service
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly contagious viral illness which conventionally manifests primarily with respiratory symptoms. We report a case whose first manifestation of COVID-19 was pericarditis, in the absence of respiratory symptoms, without any serious complications. Cardiac involvement in various forms is possible in COVID-19. We present a case where pericarditis, in the absence of the classic COVID-19 signs or symptoms, is the only evident manifestation of the disease. This case highlights an atypical presentation of COVID-19 and the need for a high index of suspicion to allow early diagnosis and limit spread by isolation.
Experience with selective venous sampling in diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.
Authors: P L Drury, S Ratter, S Tomlin, J Williams, J E Dacie, L H Rees, G M Besser
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Twenty-three patients with adrenocorticotrophic hormone-(ACTH)-dependent Cushing9s syndrome were subjected to selective venous catheterisation and sampling for ACTH on a total of 26 occasions. Out of 10 patients with pituitary-dependent disease, nine had raised ACTH concentrations in one or both high internal jugular vein samples. Eight patients had 11 proved sites of ectopic hormone production: of these, six were correctly identified by the sampling technique, and in four of them this was the only accurate method of localisation. The results of one catheterisation were misleading, and on 10 occasions they were inconclusive; five patients remained undiagnosed by any method. Overall, 15 of the 26 catheterisations provided diagnostically valuable information. Selective venous catheterisation and sampling for ACTH is effective in confirming a pituitary source of the hormone and may be valuable in locating the source of ectopic ACTH production in some cases.
Ethics of Preimplantation Diagnosis for a Woman Destined to Develop Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Dena Towner
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Causes of Genitourinary Symptoms in Women
Authors: David M. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  Berg and colleagues 1 have provided a good start toward establishing the cause of genitourinary symptoms in women. I am, however, interested in some of the data that they did not report.  Rates of gonorrhea and Chlamydia have been reported to be increased in women with intrauterine devices (IUDs) and decreased with the use of oral contraceptives. Was this effect seen? Subjects were asked about their clothing habits—did they confirm previous reports 2 of an increase in candidiasis in women who wear tight-fitting clothes?  Finally, with respect to cases of unexplained vulvar symptoms and external dysuria, was any attempt made to identify contact allergens/ irritants? It has been my observation that approximately half of the women with otherwise unexplained vulvar symptoms report the recent introduction of one of the following: (1) fabric-softener-impregnated sheets for the dryer, (2) a new brand of toilet paper, (3) a new laundry
Medical degrees from former Soviet countries are under question
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Indian medical students educated in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet republics) are up in arms against the Medical Council of India and the health ministry over recognition of their degrees.

The medical council has demanded that the students should clear a screening test, starting from September 2002, before they are given a permanent registration to practise medicine in India.

“This is highly discriminatory and illegal, as we all studied in institutions recognised by the medical council of India, and tantamount to virtual de-recognition of our degrees,” said Dr Prashant Arun, …
Hebrew Medical Ethics and the Oath of Asaph
Authors: Sussmann Muntner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Documentation is not exact, but it may be assumed that Asaph the physician (Asaph Harofe) lived in the Middle East in the sixth century.<sup>1-6</sup>Several chapters of Asaph's<i>Book of Medicine</i>were based upon classical Hebrew texts written several hundred years before his time. These sources were edited and combined by Asaph and included in one comprehensive book to which he added several chapters, translations, and commentaries in Hebrew.<sup>7,8</sup>There is no indication of Arabic influence in this text.<sup>9</sup>The book, however, does contain reference to pagan physicians who employed modified forms of witchcraft forbidden in the biblical literature.<sup>10</sup>It has been determined without doubt that the book was written in the Near East, ie, Palestine or Babylonia.<sup>11</sup>Thus it becomes evident that the text was compiled at a period prior to the conquest of these countries by Islam, which occurred approximately 650 AD.<sup>12</sup>Asaph
The atomic structure of visual rhodopsin: How and when?
Authors: R. Michael Garavito
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Strong arguments are presented by Hargrave suggesting that the crystallization of visual rhodopsin for high resolution analysis by X-ray crystallography or electron microscopy is feasible. However, the effort needed to achieve this goal will most likely exceed the resources of a single laboratory and a concerted approach to the research is necessary.
Shared scheme for assessing drugs for multiple sclerosis: Why are eyes tightly shut to considering causes other than autoimmunity?
Authors: A. Chaudhuri
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—We agree with Sudlow and Counsell that the evidence for the risk sharing scheme for interferon beta and glatiramer in multiple sclerosis is poor.1 There are serious clinical and scientific flaws in advocating immunological treatments for multiple sclerosis.2 Before committing precious resources to any trial involving several thousand patients as proposed1 we have to …
Letter: The unproductive minority.
Authors: H Pritchard-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1974)

cancer patients in view of its effect as a stimulator of prolactin release.Unfortunately, a suitable alternative agent may be difficult to find as the phenothiazine derivatives, which include prochlorperazine, are also known to stimulate lactation and to raise serum prolactin levels.It is possible that for susceptible patients we may have to return to the uFe of older remedies such as pyridoxine.-I am, etc.,
DNA-PK—A Candidate Driver of Hepatocarcinogenesis and Tissue Biomarker That Predicts Response to Treatment and Survival
Authors: Liam Cornell, Joanne M. Munck, Clara Alsinet, Augusto Villanueva, Laura Ogle, Catherine E. Willoughby, Despina Televantou, Huw D. Thomas, Jennifer Jackson, Alastair D. Burt, David Newell, John Rose, Derek M. Manas, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Nicola J. Curtin, Helen L. Reeves
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Therapy resistance and associated liver disease make hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) difficult to treat with traditional cytotoxic therapies, whereas newer targeted approaches offer only modest survival benefit. We focused on DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PKcs, encoded by PRKDC and central to DNA damage repair by nonhomologous end joining. Our aim was to explore its roles in hepatocarcinogenesis and as a novel therapeutic candidate.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigellae Isolated in Michigan
Authors: Ralph C. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Patterns of antimicrobial resistance were studied for 213 strains of shigellae isolated in rural and urban areas of Michigan by quantitative techniques: 66% of these organisms were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, cephalexin, or chloramphenicol or had multiple resistance to various combinations of these antibiotics. The incidence of resistant organisms was higher in the Detroit-Wayne County area, which is the most urban part of the state. Nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid were noted to be quite effective in vitro against shigellae and perhaps warrant further clinical study as potential agents for therapy of shigellosis, especially in view of the appearance of isolates with multiple resistance. Sulfamethoxazole alone was effective against only 62% of the Shigella isolates tested, but mixture with trimethoprim in a 20:1 ratio yielded a highly active in vitro combination.
Investigation of Measures to Reduce Interfering Abdominal Activity on Rest Myocardial Images With Tc-99m Sestamibi
Authors: GILBERT A. HURWITZ, ELLEN M. CLARK, PIOTR J. SLOMKA, SHAHRIAR K. SIDDIQ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

With the new myocardial agent Tc-99m sestamibi, relatively high abdominal uptake represents a major limiting factor. The effect of a standard feeding (commercial milkshake taken immediately after injection), and posture (standing versus sitting for 10 minutes postinjection) on the resting biodistribution of sestamibi was investigated in patients receiving 3 to 5 MBq/kg injections as part of rest-stress tomography. Ancillary anterior 1-minute images of heart and abdomen were obtained at 15 minutes postinjection and 90 to 140 minutes postinjection in 32 patients, randomized to feeding and postural treatments. Feeding decreased the activity in the gallbladder at both 15 and 110 minutes, but had no effect on liver parenchyma; activity in a background rectangle immediately beneath the heart was decreased by feeding only on the 15-minute images. An effect of posture was not apparent. Further study of the acute effects of a milkshake in eight patients showed a prompt reduction of 26% in a subdiaphragmatic background rectangle, but a more gradual decline in gallbladder counts. Thus, feeding of lipid after injection is not an essential component of sestamibi imaging protocols; oral administration of fluid immediately before imaging may help reduce interfering gastric activity.
Managed Care in JAMA and the Archives Journals A Call for Papers for Coordinated Theme Issues
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Management is the recognition, harnessing, and channeling of all available appropriate forces and resources toward meeting defined goals and objectives. What is "managed" in managed care? How a physician practices, among other things. Managed care is the application of management principles in a comprehensive, prepaid health care delivery system that controls input and output to optimize efficiency and effectiveness with the prior consent of providers and patients. In 1982,10 million Americans were in managed care; in 1992,90 million—a megatrend that continues to expand. Victor Cohn of the<i>Washington Post</i>says, "If you've seen one managed care plan you've seen one managed care plan." The alphabet soup of managed care includes IPA (independent practice association), HMO (health maintenance organization), PPO (preferred provider organization), POS (point-of-service plan), PGP (prepaid group practice), and the beat goes on. The principles and practices of managed care are hardly new. The first group practice in the
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIb with a patent umbilical vein and inferior vena cava hypoplasia
Authors: P.Y. Lo, T.Y. Tzung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) was first described by Ota et al. in 1947,1 and is classified into four types. Type I consists of the association of naevus flammeus with naevus pigmentosus verrucosus; type II is characterized by the coexistence of naevus flammeus and dermal melanocytosis; type III is the combination of naevus flammeus with naevus spilus; and type IV is defined by the association of naevus flammeus, naevus spilus and dermal melanocytosis. Each type is further subdivided: (a) when only cutaneous involvement is present and (b) when cutaneous and systemic involvement is found. Naevus anaemicus can be an additional feature in types II, III and IV. Type II is the most common variant of PPV;2 we present a case of PPV type IIb with a patent umbilical vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) hypoplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this condition has never been described before. A 20‐year‐old man had naevus of Ota, aberrant Mongolian spots, bilateral temporal alopecia, tooth deformity and left ocular atrophy (Fig. 1). He had been born by normal delivery at full term and his siblings were unaffected. His parents were not consanguineous, but his mother had schizophrenia. In addition, an extensive port‐wine stain on the left side of the face and on the trunk with pigmentary mosacism was noted. The latter was manifested as an incomplete checkerboard pattern on the anterior trunk and a phylloid pattern on the back (Fig. 2). No naevus anaemicus was found. The patient had Sturge–Weber syndrome and had been taking anticonvulsant medication since infancy. One episode of seizure resulted in right hemiplegia at age 11 years. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated left cerebral calcification and atrophy. He had pelvic obliquity and compensatory scoliosis. X‐ray of the lower limbs showed that his legs were of unequal length. Several angiomas, vascular malformations and hypoplasia of the deep venous system over the right leg were found on angiography of the bilateral lower limbs, and Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome was diagnosed. In addition, a few engorged veins crossing the abdomen, with the largest extending from the right pubic area to the submammary region, were noted (Fig. 2a). Against the hepatofugal venous flow on portal hypertension, the blood flow of the varices was hepatopetal on abdominal colour Doppler sonography. In addition, upper gastroenteric endoscopy showed no oesophageal varices. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen showed a patent umbilical vein and hypoplasia of the infrarenal segment of the IVC. Inferior venacavography showed prominent collaterals that drained into umbilical and varicose veins on the anterior abdominal wall, and retrograde filling of the left portal vein was via the umbilical vein. All these imaging findings suggested hypoplasia of the infrarenal segment of the IVC.