tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1045 SEVERAL PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS INFLUENCE NON-INVASIVE TESTS OF LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: P. Cales, J. Boursier, J. Chaigneau, J. Sandrini, S. Michalak, F. Oberti, I. Hubert-Fouchard, S. Bertrais, V. de Ledinghen, J.-P. Zarski, M.-C. Rousselet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Urticaria as a side-effect of diphencyprone therapy for resistant viral warts
Authors: K.A. Short, E.M. Higgins
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Topical immunotherapy has been used to treat skin diseases thought to result from an altered immunological state since the 1970s. The universal allergic contact sensitizer diphencyprone (DPC) has been used successfully in the treatment of resistant viral warts although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Theories include alterations in cytokine levels, nonspecific inflammation causing wart regression and binding of DPC to wart protein, inducing a specific immune reaction.1 In the treatment of viral warts, sensitization to 2% DPC is carried out on a 1‐cm2 area of skin on the upper arm. A suggested treatment schedule comprises the following: after the warts are pared down DPC is applied at an initial concentration of 0·1% (2% to soles of feet). Treated areas are dressed for 48 h to avoid passive transfer of DPC. Repeat treatments are carried out at intervals of 1–4 weeks and the concentration of DPC adjusted to induce local erythema, pruritus and/or vesiculation. Treatment is stopped once there is no clinical sign of residual wart.2
Nesidioblastosis (Islet Cell Hyperplasia) in Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis.
Authors: James E. Vance
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The hypothesis that multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA) may result from an inherited intestinal stimulus to nesidioblastosis with secondary changes in other endocrine glands was examined. Three generations of a family with MEA were compared with nonrelated islet tumor subjects. Thus, asymptomatic MEA relatives and nonrelated islet cell tumor subjects had only islet hormone abnormalities (insulin, with glucagon or gastrin excess, or both), suggesting that nesidioblastosis may be the initial endocrine abnormality in MEA. Islet hyperplasia has also been demonstrated postgastrectomy. In additional studies we demonstrated exaggerated plasma immunoreactive insulin and glucagon-like activity responses after oral glucose in postgastrectomy subjects shown
Home From the War, Vietnam Veterans: Neither Victim Nor Executioners
Authors: John L. McClenahan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

History, sometimes called the propaganda of the victors, is given a grim twist in this account of America's lost war in Vietnam. It is both a lament and a guide to the warrior myth, examining the whole state of jungle warfare—its waste, despair, loneliness, and purposelessness. There are digressions into the impulse to butchery and the marks of atrocity on the survivor-executioner. Mostly, it is a guilt narrative, with chilling pertinence in the light of what we now read of our military adventures in Cambodia. G. K. Chesterton summed it up in lines he wrote many wars ago: "The armies with their cruel security, the kings with their cold faces, the decorous processes of State, the reasonable processes of law—all these like sheep have gone astray." Dr. Lifton, 46 years of age, is a professor of psychiatry at Yale. His fascination with man's inhumanity has already been indulged in a
Hepatitis C viral infection is not associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Xavier Leleu, Kelly O'Connor, Allen W. Ho, Daniel D. Santos, Robert Manning, Lian Xu, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Anne‐Sophie Moreau, Andrew R. Branagan, Zachary R. Hunter, Elizabeth A. Dimmock, Jacob Soumerai, Christopher Patterson, Irene Ghobrial, Steven P. Treon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract While a familial predisposition may exist in up to 20% of patients with Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM), the precipitating cause of this B‐cell malignancy remains unknown in most patients. In previous studies, an association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and WM has been suggested as etiological. This relationship has been the subject of debate, however, with some studies demonstrating increased incidence of HCV infection among WM patients and other studies showing no such association exists. This discordance might be attributable to the analytical method used, HCV antibody detection, which might be ineffective in patients with immunosuppression. We therefore analyzed the prevalence of HCV in a large population of WM patients utilizing both an HCV antibody detection immunoassay as well as qualitative polymerase chain reaction assay to directly detect HCV presence in serum samples. None of 100 randomly tested WM patients in this study tested positive for HCV by either analytical method. Our results therefore demonstrate a lack of association between HCV and WM. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1120 BICARBONATE SECRETION OF MOUSE CHOLANGIOCYTES INVOLVES Na+–HCO3− COTRANSPORT IN ADDITION TO Na+-INDEPENDENT Cl−/HCO3− EXCHANGE
Authors: I. Uriarte, J.M. Banales, E. Sáez, F. Arenas, R.P.J. Oude Elferink, J. Prieto, J.F. Medina
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
ON THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA.Read in the Section of Laryngology and Otology at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: WM. H. DALY
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Much has been taught of late years, yet little of practical value learned, of the more successful medical treatment of diphtheria. This fact is witnessed by the continued high death-rate. And yet it is still to the medical and not the surgical treatment that the patient must hopefully look for salvation, since, at best, the surgical aspect of intubation and tracheotomy, though valuable aids in the easement of patients, are employed as a last resort in cases that have become desperate and imminently dangerous to life. I have no intention of attempting to tell you anything new as to the medical treatment of diphtheria, but you will pardon me if I undertake to draw your attention again to a well-tried plan of treatment which I had the honor of bringing to the notice of the profession in a paper entitled "The Simplest and Most Efficient Treatment of Diphtheria," which I
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis and HIV: a personal experience
Authors: P. Mayho
Journal: BMJ (1997)

I have heard tuberculosis and HIV called the “devil's alliance.” You would have thought that having said to myself that HIV would not happen to me I would not have been so shortsighted as to assume that tuberculosis would not happen to me either—it did. Only it was not tuberculosis in its regular outfit but in a multidrug resistant form.

In April 1995 I was a patient on a six bedded bay in an HIV unit at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London. I was there with gastrointestinal problems of unknown origin. I was only there for a week but that was long enough. While I was in the hospital a patient who was obviously ill with a persistent cough was given a sputum test. This was done in the presence of other patients, which is contrary to guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organisation. In a nutshell we breathed in what he coughed up.

I did not know that I might have been infected until about three months later when I received a telephone call at the offices of an HIV organisation where I worked as a volunteer. I was told that the hospital had grown an acid fast bacilli and that as a precautionI needed to be isolated …
Complex genetic control of HDL levels in mice in response to an atherogenic diet. Coordinate regulation of HDL levels and bile acid metabolism.
Authors: D Machleder, B Ivandic, C Welch, L Castellani, K Reue, A J Lusis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Inbred strains of mice differ in susceptibility to atherogenesis when challenged with a high fat, high cholesterol diet containing 0.5% cholic acid. Studies of recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from the susceptible strain C57BL/6J (B6) and the resistant strains C3H/HeJ (C3H) and BALB/cJ have revealed an association between fatty streak lesion size and a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels on the diet. To better understand the genetic factors contributing to HDL metabolism and atherogenesis in response to the diet, we studied mice derived from an intercross between B6 and C3H using a complete linkage map approach. A total of 185 female progeny were typed for 134 genetic markers spanning the mouse genome, resulting in an average interval of about 10 cM between markers. A locus on distal chromosome 1 containing the apolipoprotein AII gene was linked to HDL-cholesterol levels on both the chow and the atherogenic diets, but this locus did not contribute to the decrease in HDL-cholesterol in response to the diet. At least three distinct genetic loci, on chromosomes 3, 5, and 11, exhibited evidence of linkage to a decrease in HDL-cholesterol after a dietary challenge. Since a bile acid (cholic acid) is required for the diet induced changes in HDL levels and for atherogenesis in these strains, we examined cholesterol-7-alpha hydroxylase (C7AH) expression. Whereas B6 mice exhibited a large decrease in C7AH mRNA levels in response to the diet, C3H showed an increase. Among the intercross mice, multiple loci contributed to the regulation of C7AH mRNA levels in response to the diet, the most notable of which coincided with the loci on chromosomes 3, 5, and 11 controlling HDL levels in response to the diet. None of these loci were linked to the C7AH structural gene which we mapped to proximal chromosome 4. These studies reveal coordinate regulation of C7AH expression and HDL levels, and they indicate that the genetic factors controlling HDL levels are more complex than previously suggested by studies of RI strains. Furthermore, we observed that two of the loci for C7AH expression contributed to differences in gallstone formation between these strains.
Pathology of the Pulmonary Vascular Tree
Authors: DONALD L. BECKER, HOWARD B. BURCHELL, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Two cases of mitral insufficiency are reported. In 1 case the lesion was produced by rupture of the chordae tendineae of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. In the other case it was produced by fibrous adhesion of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve to the underlying left ventricular wall, which occurred during healing of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Changes occurred in the pulmonary vascular bed which are essentially identical with those found in mitral stenosis.
The Probability of Surviving Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Raymond G. Hoffmann, Steven L. Blumlein, Alfred J. Anderson, Joseph J. Barboriak, John A. Walker, Alfred A. Rimm
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This study of 1,718 men with bypass surgery from 1970 to 1974 in Milwaukee has indicated that the following factors are significantly associated with five-year survival: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), plasma cholesterol level, coronary occlusion score, age, and left ventricular function (LVF). The 31 men with a previous stroke had a high risk (five-year survival was 32%). To serve as a guide to patient risk, a logistic model is used to predict five-year survival. These probabilities are tabulated for all combinations of LVEDP, age, LVF, occlusion score, and plasma cholesterol level. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1341-1344, 1980)
Abstract 4443: Small cell transformation of lung adenocarcinoma in acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI.
Authors: Kwang Sup So, Yun Jung Choi, Sun Ye Kim, Chang-Min Choi, Jae Cheol Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Jin Kyung Rho
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Small cell transformation during epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in lung cancer has been suggested as one of possible resistant mechanisms. We evaluated whether such phenomenon can be found in the cell line model. In addition, its effect on response to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs for small cell lung cancer treatment was investigated. We established resistant cells to various kinds of EGFR-TKIs such as gefitinib, erlotinib, CL387,785 and ZD6474 with A549, PC-9 and HCC827 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Among them, two resistant cells, A549/GR (resistant to gefitinib) and PC-9/ZDR (resistant to ZD6474) showed increased expression of CD56 while increased synaptophysin was found in A549/GR in Western blotting, suggesting that small cell transformation occurred in A549/GR. A549/GR cells were more sensitive to etoposide and cisplatin, most commonly using drugs for treatment of small cell lung cancer, compared to parental cells. Treatment with cAMP and IBMX induced synaptophysin and chromogranin A expression in A459 cells, which also made them more sensitive to etoposide and cisplatin. Further, we found a patient showing increased expression of CD56 and synaptophysin after development of resistance to erlotinib. In conclusion, small cell transformation of lung adenocarcinoma can occur during EGFR-TKI treatment leading to resistance. Citation Format: Kwang Sup So, Yun Jung Choi, Sun Ye Kim, Chang-Min Choi, Jae Cheol Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Jin Kyung Rho. Small cell transformation of lung adenocarcinoma in acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4443. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4443
OC-038 Specific Microrna Markers are Identified in Bile in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: A Zabron, A Frampton, J Krell, J Stebbing, L Castellano, S Khan, L Jiao
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs with a key role in post-transcriptional regulation, and regulate multiple pathways of tumorogenesis. Expression profiling of malignant cell lines, fresh and formalin-fixed tumour have identified potential miRNA signatures for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and RNA deep sequencing has demonstrated that miRNAs can be quantified from bile, in bilary tract cancers<sup>1</sup>. Here, we report the first study of biliary miRNAs in PDAC. <h3>Methods</h3> 3 target miRNAs known to be overexpressed in PDAC were selected. Bile was collected at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from patients with PDAC (n = 10) or gallstones (n = 8; used as a benign control). Bile was prepared as described1 and total RNA isolated using TRIzol (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK). Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed using Taqman mature miRNA primers and probes (Applied Biosystems, Cheshire, UK). Expression of oncomiR-21, miR-155 and miR-106a was measured. Cycle passing threshold (Ct) was recorded and normalised to RNU6B expression. Relative expression was calculated as 2Ct_miRNA-Ct_RNU6B. PCR reactions were carried out in duplicate. <h3>Results</h3> miR-106a and oncomiR-21 were both highly expressed in the bile of patients with PDAC, compared to those with gallstones. miR-155 was not significantly upregulated in PDAC bile. Using miR-106a (cut-off level &gt; 8.02), we discriminated PDAC from benign disease with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% [95% CI 44–98] and 100% [95% CI 63–100], respectively with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.88. OncomiR-21 was also upregulated in bile, but was not as reliable in discriminating diagnosis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that bile miRNAs are well-suited analytes for the development of sensitive and specific tests in PDAC. Although tumour breach of the biliary epithelium was not always suspected in our cohort from clinical investigations, malignancy-specific miRNAs were found intraluminally. Of the 3 miRNAs tested, ROC analysis identified miR-106a as the best potential PDAC biomarker, with reliable diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. However, further study may also identify miRNAs that also discriminate prognoses and response to therapy, guiding individualised treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>Reference</h3> Shigehara K, Yokomuro S, Ishibashi O, <i>et al.</i> Real-time PCR-based analysis of the human bile microRNAome identifies miR-9 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for biliary tract cancer. <i>PloS one.</i><i></i> 2011; 6(8):e23584.
Divergent requirement for Gαs and cAMP in the differentiation and inflammatory profile of distinct mouse Th subsets
Authors: Xiangli Li, Fiona Murray, Naoki Koide, Jonathan Goldstone, Sara M. Dann, Jianzhong Chen, Samuel Bertin, Guo Fu, Lee S. Weinstein, Min Chen, Maripat Corr, Lars Eckmann, Paul A. Insel, Eyal Raz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

cAMP, the intracellular signaling molecule produced in response to GPCR signaling, has long been recognized as an immunosuppressive agent that inhibits T cell receptor activation and T cell function. However, recent studies show that cAMP also promotes T cell-mediated immunity. Central to cAMP production downstream of GPCR activation is the trimeric G protein Gs. In order to reconcile the reports of divergent effects of cAMP in T cells and to define the direct effect of cAMP in T cells, we engineered mice in which the stimulatory Gα subunit of Gs (Gαs) could be deleted in T cells using CD4-Cre (Gnas(ΔCD4)). Gnas(ΔCD4) CD4(+) T cells had reduced cAMP accumulation and Ca2(+) influx. In vitro and in vivo, Gnas(ΔCD4) CD4(+) T cells displayed impaired differentiation to specific Th subsets: Th17 and Th1 cells were reduced or absent, but Th2 and regulatory T cells were unaffected. Furthermore, Gnas(ΔCD4) CD4(+) T cells failed to provoke colitis in an adoptive transfer model, indicating reduced inflammatory function. Restoration of cAMP levels rescued the impaired phenotype of Gnas(ΔCD4) CD4(+) T cells, reinstated the PKA-dependent influx of Ca2(+), and enhanced the ability of these cells to induce colitis. Our findings thus define an important role for cAMP in the differentiation of Th subsets and their subsequent inflammatory responses, and provide evidence that altering cAMP levels in CD4(+) T cells could provide an immunomodulatory approach targeting specific Th subsets.
Acquired double pylorus.
Authors: R H Hunt, R C Day, D P Jewell
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Buibble-clicking results related to gestation, RDS, and L S ratio Cases of RDS Bubble clicking Gestation No of Mean L :_S_ __ __ result (weeks) infants ratio No Positive 38-42 45 3 00 0 29-37 12 3 15 0 Negative 38-40 9 2*19 5 56 25-37 36 2 01 14 39 (5 died)the bubbles appear to slowly expand and then contract suddenly.This repeats rhythmically until the bubbles disappear.If the result is negative the bubbles disappear rapidly without clicking.Bubble clicking was not present in any of the babies with RDS.In some of these babies serial aspirates were tested and clicking was absent until after recovery.Clicking also became more common with increasing gestational age.The L: S ratios of the same aspirates showed a highly significant relationship with the bubble-clicking results (P< 0001; x2 25 1).Infants with birth asphyxia were less likely to have bubble clicking than infants with no asphyxia (P< 0001).
Effect of Recent Acetaminophen Usage in the Development of Asthma and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness Is Modified by Toll Like receptor4 (rs1927911) Polymorphism
Authors: Song I. Yang, Seung-Hwa Lee, Mi-Jin Kang, Ho-Sung Yu, Young Ho Jung, Ju-Hee Seo, Ji-Won Kwon, Byoung-Ju Kim, Ha-Jung Kim, Young-Joon Kim, Hee-Suk Kim, Kyungmo Hong, So-Yeon Lee, Kang Seo Park, Jinho Yu, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Effects of nonketotic streptozotocin diabetes on apolipoprotein B synthesis and secretion by primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
Authors: J D Sparks, C E Sparks, M Bolognino, A M Roncone, T K Jackson, J M Amatruda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The effects of hypoinsulinemic nonketotic streptozotocin diabetes on hepatic apo B synthesis and secretion was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Diabetic rats were characterized by their significantly elevated serum glucose, apo B, and triglyceride levels, while serum insulin levels were less than a third of normal. Serum transminase activities of diabetic rats were significantly elevated when compared with control rats, which was attributed to an increase in liver transaminase activity in diabetic rats. The pattern of enzyme activities of hepatocytes reflected that observed in livers of donor rats and the pattern was retained by primary cultures of hepatocytes over the culture period. Hepatocytes from diabetic rats secreted only one third of the apo B secreted by hepatocytes from control rats, which was determined by monoclonal immunoassay of rat total apo B. Decreases in secretion were confirmed by measurement of secretory [35S]methionine-labeled lipoprotein apo B radioactivity. The decreased apo B content of media of hepatocytes from diabetic rats was not due to increased apo B catabolism since hepatocytes from diabetic rats were shown to degrade less lipoprotein-apo B than hepatocytes from normal rats in control experiments. In addition, the apo B content of detergent-solubilized hepatocytes from diabetic rats was significantly less than that of hepatocytes from control rats. These results suggest that insulin is necessary for normal hepatic apo B synthesis and secretion and that the hyperlipidemia associated with hypoinsulinemia in vivo is primarily of intestinal origin.
DEMONSTRATED PATHOLOGIC CHANGES FROM ALCOHOL.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Recently a new field has been opened for a study of the symptoms following the use of alcohol. The external phenomena of the functional and mental activities of the body can now be measured and tabulated with exactness unknown before. It is assumed that, if the current beliefs and theories are true concerning the tonic and stimulant action of alcohol on the organisms, it is possible to prove it by the more perfect instruments of precision. Also that theories and variable experience held so tenaciously by many persons can be tested by something more than experience, logic and intuition. The action of alcohol taken in the body can now be traced by a study of the functional activity of the senses, the movements of the heart, the muscular activity, mental vigor, temperature of the body and other conditions with a degree of accuracy unknown before. From this point of view
Epidemic Measles in Young Adults
Authors: PETER J. KRAUSE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

An outbreak of measles at the University of California at Los Angeles provided the opportunity to study clinical, epidemiologic, and serologic characteristics of the disease in young adults in the present vaccine era. Of the 34 cases studied, 18 occurred in persons who thought they were immune. Fifteen of 19 seronegative students vaccinated during the epidemic responded with a secondary (IgG) antibody response. Antibody prevalence studies indicated that 91% of the student population had measles antibody at the onset of the outbreak, and history relating to measles correlated poorly with antibody prevalence. Of 212 adults vaccinated, 58% complained of one or more symptoms. Seventeen percent were confined to bed, and in three women vaccine-associated illness was notably severe. That measles will continue to be a problem in adults with our present national approach to immunization is predicted.