tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased cartilage turnover and circulating autoantibodies in different subsets before the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Carl Turesson, Ulf Bergström, Lennart T H Jacobsson, Lennart Truedsson, Göran Berglund, Tore Saxne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Previous studies have indicated that autoantibodies may be detected years before the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cartilage biomarkers, such as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), have not been studied previously in samples collected before the diagnosis of RA. Methods Between 1991 and 1996, 30 447 subjects were included in the Malmö Diet Cancer Study (MDCS). People who developed RA after inclusion were identified by linking the MDCS database to different Swedish registers. One matched control for each validated case was selected from the MDCS. IgG antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) and IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM RF) were determined by ELISA. Serum COMP was measured with a sandwich ELISA. Results 172 incident cases of RA (median time from inclusion to diagnosis 5 years; range 1–13) were identified. Pre-RA cases were significantly more likely than controls to be positive for anti-CCP (21.9% vs 0.6%), anti-MCV (29.6% vs 3.0%) and IgM RF (18.9% vs 2.4%) (all p&lt;0.001). Overall, mean serum COMP levels did not differ between cases and controls. Among pre-RA cases included 1–3 years before diagnosis, raised COMP (&gt;12 U/l) was seen in a greater proportion of anti-CCP-negative than anti-CCP-positive subjects (50% vs 15%; p=0.04). Conclusions Increased cartilage turnover, measured by COMP, and circulating RA-specific antibodies may be distinct processes in the preclinical phase of RA.
The chitinase-like protein YKL-40: A possible biomarker of inflammation and airway remodeling in severe pediatric asthma
Authors: Jon R. Konradsen, Anna James, Björn Nordlund, Lovisa E. Reinius, Cilla Söderhäll, Erik Melén, Åsa Wheelock, Karin C. Lödrup Carlsen, Marika Lidegran, Marri Verhoek, Rolf G. Boot, Barbro Dahlén, Sven Erik Dahlén, Gunilla Hedlin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Is the world in the brain, or the brain in the world?
Authors: Max Velmans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Lehar provides useful insights into spatially extended phenomenology that may have major consequences for neuroscience. However, Lehar's biological naturalism leads to counterintuitive conclusions, and he does not give an accurate account of preceding and competing work. This commentary compares Lehar's analysis with that of Velmans, which addresses similar issues but draws opposite conclusions. Lehar argues that the phenomenal world is in the brain and concludes that the physical skull is beyond the phenomenal world. Velmans argues that the brain is in the phenomenal world and concludes that the physical skull is where it seems to be.
Rates of Prescribing Zidovudine Post Concorde Trial
Authors: Julio S. G. Montaner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We conducted the present analysis to assess the impact of the publication<sup>1</sup>of the preliminary analysis of the Concorde Trial<sup>2</sup>and its associated publicity<sup>3,4</sup>on zidovudine utilization in the province of British Columbia. The distribution of antiretroviral drugs in British Columbia is free of charge through the provincial Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS [human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. In order for physicians to prescribe zidovudine, they complete a patient enrollment form that serves as the drug prescription. This application is usually accompanied by a CD4 cell count determination. Individuals infected with HIV are eligible to receive zidovudine from this program if they have at least one CD4 cell count less than 0.50 ×10<sup>9</sup>/L (500/μL). There is no other legal source of zidovudine in the province. A total of 564 new zidovudine requests were received during the first 9 months of 1993. As
Global Leaders Present Roadmap to Eliminating Tuberculosis
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

The Roadmap for Childhood TB: Toward Zero Deaths (http://bit.ly/19f23XH), an action plan to eliminate the 74 000 deaths and half a million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) that occur in children each year, was presented by global leaders in TB in Washington, DC, in October.
ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY AND AGGLUTINABILITY OF RED BLOOD CELLS: A "NEW" POLYMORPHISM IN MICE
Authors: Pablo Rubinstein, Ngukoy Liu, Edwin W. Streun, Francine Decary
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

A quantitative method has been developed to determine agglutinability of mouse red blood cells. Tests with different inbred strains of mice revealed only two phenotypes. The same inbred strains were tested with the cytopherometer to determine the electrophoretic mobility of the corresponding red cells. Again, two phenotypes were uncovered, and faster mobility was found in the red cells that had higher agglutinability. The genetic control of this character is autosomal and codominant, and segregates independently of H-2 and coat color.
Development of an MFG-Based Retroviral Vector System for Secretion of High Levels of Functionally Active Human BMP4
Authors: Hairong Peng, Shin-Tai Chen, Jon E Wergedal, John M Polo, Jiing-Kuan Yee, K.-H.William Lau, David J Baylink
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

We sought to develop a retroviral vector system that would produce secretion of high levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 by optimizing the expression construct and developing an improved retroviral vector. Replacement of the propeptide domain of BMP4 with that of BMP2 increased the secretion level of mature BMP4 protein in transduced cells. The intact BMP2 pro-peptide sequence was essential, as deletion of a small part of the propeptide sequence of BMP2 from the BMP2/4 hybrid construct diminished BMP4 expression and secretion. Addition of a hemaglutinin tag to the carboxy terminus of BMP4 abolished the bioactivity of secreted BMP4. Transduction of rat marrow stromal cells (and fibroblasts) with an MFG-based retroviral vector pseudotyped with VSV-G envelope containing this BMP2/4 hybrid expression construct led to secretion of very high levels of mature BMP4 in conditioned medium (up to 1 μg/106 cells/24 hours). The secreted BMP4 was biologically active, as it induced alkaline phosphatase expression in C2C12 cells. The transduced rat marrow stromal cells expressing mature BMP4 induced de novo ectopic bone formation in syngenic immune-competent rats. We have developed an MFG-based retroviral vector system that causes secretion of high levels of functionally active human BMP4 protein.
Poverty reduction strategy papers
Authors: E. Verheul, M. Rowson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus develop accelerated atherosclerosis independent of traditional risk factors. The 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors are widely prescribed for hyperlipidemia, but they also exhibit anti-inflammatory actions that appear to be independent of their suppressive actions on plasma cholesterol levels. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin on disease manifestations in <i>gld</i>.apoE<sup>−/−</sup> mice that lack functional Fas ligand and apolipoprotein E and exhibit accelerated atherosclerosis and aggravated lupus-like features. Wild-type, <i>gld</i>, apoE<sup>−/−</sup>, and <i>gld</i>.apoE<sup>−/−</sup> mice were maintained on a high cholesterol Western diet and received daily simvastatin (0.125 mg/kg) or saline for 12 wk. Serum cholesterol levels were unaffected by simvastatin treatment, but atherosclerotic lesion area was reduced in both apoE<sup>−/−</sup> and <i>gld</i>.apoE<sup>−/−</sup> mice treated with simvastatin. Simvastatin also reduced the lymphadenopathy, renal disease, and proinflammatory cytokine production seen in <i>gld</i>.apoE<sup>−/−</sup>, but not <i>gld</i>, mice. The immunomodulatory effects in <i>gld</i>.apoE<sup>−/−</sup> mice were associated with enhanced STAT6 and decreased STAT4 induction in submandibular lymph node cells. Along with reductions in serum TNF-α and IFN-γ levels, there was also an increase in IL-4 and IL-10 transcript levels in lymph nodes. These data indicate that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ameliorate atherosclerosis and lupus-like autoimmunity independent of their cholesterol-lowering effects via a shift from a Th1 to a Th2 phenotype in the <i>gld</i>.apoE<sup>−/−</sup> model. Thus, the anti-inflammatory activities of statins may have utility for the treatment of both autoimmunity and atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
A single nucleotide substitution introduces a premature termination codon into the androgen receptor gene of a patient with receptor-negative androgen resistance.
Authors: M Marcelli, W D Tilley, C M Wilson, J D Wilson, J E Griffin, M J McPhaul
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Mutations of the androgen receptor that impair the action of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone result in abnormal male sexual development. The definition of the organization of the androgen receptor gene has permitted us to examine its structure in nine patients with androgen resistance that exhibit absent 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding in cultured fibroblasts (receptor-negative androgen resistance). Using labeled probes specific for each individual coding exon, we find no gross rearrangements, insertions, or deletions of the androgen receptor gene in these patients. To analyze the genetic defect in these receptor-negative patients, we used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify each individual exon of the androgen receptor gene in nine affected patients. In all patients, the size of each amplified exon segment was identical to that in normal individuals. The nucleotide sequence of the entire coding region of the androgen receptor was determined in one of these patients. A single nucleotide substitution was identified that results in a premature termination codon in exon 6 at amino acid 794. S1 nuclease protection assays demonstrated that normal levels of androgen receptor mRNA are present in skin fibroblasts of this patient. Transfection of a mutated androgen receptor cDNA containing a termination codon at position 794 into eukaryotic cells resulted in formation of a normal amount of receptor protein, as indicated by immunoblotting, but the expressed protein does not bind 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. These findings suggest that the presence of a premature termination codon at amino acid 794 of the androgen receptor is the cause of androgen resistance in this patient.
Postpartum mammary gland involution drives progression of ductal carcinoma in situ through collagen and COX-2
Authors: Traci R Lyons, Jenean O'Brien, Virginia F Borges, Matthew W Conklin, Patricia J Keely, Kevin W Eliceiri, Andriy Marusyk, Aik-Choon Tan, Pepper Schedin
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Effect of dietary lipids on plasma activity and hepatic mRNA levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in high-and low-responding baboons (Papio species)
Authors: Rampratap S. Kushwaha, Catherine A. Reardon, Douglas S. Lewis, Youlin Qi, Karen S. Rice, Godfrey S. Getz, K.D. Carey, Henry C. McGill
Journal: Metabolism (1994)
Comparison of a Sustained‐Release Preparation (Theo‐Dur®) with a Conventional Preparation (Nuelin®) in the Treatment of Chronic Asthma
Authors: TARI HAAHTELA, VESA VILKKA, SØREN KULSTAD
Journal: Allergy (1983)

In a double‐blind, cross‐over trial comprising 19 adult asthmatic patients a sustained‐release preparation of theophylline (Theo‐Dur®), given twice daily, was compared with a conventional fast‐release preparation (Nuelin®), given three times daily. The theophylline doses were individually titrated to give plasma concentrations in the lower region of the therapeutic interval. The sustained‐release preparation gave higher morning theophylline concentrations than the fast‐release preparation (9.2 vs 5.9 mg/1). This resulted in somewhat higher morning peak flow values during Theo‐Dur treatment. However, the difference in asthma symptoms was not significant and the patients showed no preference for either preparation. We conclude that the advantage of a sustained‐release preparation over a conventional fast‐release theophylline preparation is the lower dosing frequency rather than the better clinical effect in patients who suffer from chronic asthma, but whose disease is in a relatively stable phase.
Abstract 2075: Overexpression of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant proteins in MCF7 breast cancer cells and investigation of possible regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Kekoa Taparra, Lauren Tehan, Braulio Rodriguez, Shelley A. Phelan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Peroxiredoxins are thiol-specific antioxidant proteins that protect cells from oxidative stress. There are six different peroxiredoxin proteins expressed in mammalian cells, and these proteins have been implicated in the regulation of cell signaling, proliferation and apoptosis. Many recent studies have found elevated peroxiredoxin levels in cancer, suggesting that cancer cells may upregulate peroxiredoxin expression as an adaptation to the cancerous state. We compared the expression of all six peroxiredoxins between MCF7 breast cancer cell line and the non-cancerous MCF-10A cell line. We found significant overexpression of five of the six peroxiredoxins (PrdxI-V) at both the mRNA and protein level. To explore possible mechanisms of peroxiredoxin upregulation, we first compared the lines for levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of particular kinases implicated in cancer biology. We found that MCF-7 cells express markedly higher levels of ROS, and increased activity of ERK 1/2 and JNK 1/2, as compared to MCF-10A cells. We hypothesized that elevated ROS and/or enhanced activity of these signal transduction pathways may mediate peroxiredoxin induction in these cells. MCF-7 cells were cultured under conditions of serum deprivation, ROS reduction, or kinase inhibition to examine the effects on peroxiredoxin expression. After 48 hours of serum deprivation, the expression of Prdx2 was reduced. Using NAC treatment, we inhibited ROS accumulation in MCF-7 cells and found a decrease in expression of both Prdx2 and Prdx3. Inhibition of ERK 1/2 activity by the inhibitor PD 98,059 resulted in little to no change in peroxiredoxin levels. Finally, treatment of MCF-7 cells with hydrogen peroxide led to a transient increase in Prdx1 at 4 hours, which returned to basal levels by 24 hours. Together, these data reveal overexpression of the peroxiredoxin family in MCF-7 cancer cells, and suggest that oxidative stress and redox-sensitive kinases may play a role in mediating the upregulation of particular peroxiredoxins. Studies examining the role of JNK and p38 in peroxiredoxin induction, as well as cell line differences in multimeric Prdx complexes, are currently underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2075. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2075
Radiologic Aspects of Operable Heart Disease
Authors: PHILIP STRAUSS, HERBERT L. ABRAMS, SAUL ROBINSON
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The preoperative and postoperative radiologic findings in 71 patients with patent ductus arteriosus treated surgically were investigated. The purpose of the study was to determine the magnitude, character, and rapidity of the changes observed, as well as the relationship of the postoperative change to complicating cardiovascular lesions. Serial examinations were compared with the preoperative studies and with each other, including an analysis of over-all heart size, individual chamber size, the pulmonary vessels, and the aortic silhouette. The results were tabulated and their significance was evaluated.
Positional cloning uncovers mutations in PLCE1 responsible for a nephrotic syndrome variant that may be reversible
Authors: Bernward Hinkes, Roger C Wiggins, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Christopher N Vlangos, Dominik Seelow, Gudrun Nürnberg, Puneet Garg, Rakesh Verma, Hassan Chaib, Bethan E Hoskins, Shazia Ashraf, Christian Becker, Hans Christian Hennies, Meera Goyal, Bryan L Wharram, Asher D Schachter, Sudha Mudumana, Iain Drummond, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Rüdiger Waldherr, Alexander Dietrich, Fatih Ozaltin, Aysin Bakkaloglu, Roxana Cleper, Lina Basel-Vanagaite, Martin Pohl, Martin Griebel, Alexey N Tsygin, Alper Soylu, Dominik Müller, Caroline S Sorli, Tom D Bunney, Matilda Katan, Jinhong Liu, Massimo Attanasio, John F O'Toole, Katrin Hasselbacher, Bettina Mucha, Edgar A Otto, Rannar Airik, Andreas Kispert, Grant G Kelley, Alan V Smrcka, Thomas Gudermann, Lawrence B Holzman, Peter Nürnberg, Friedhelm Hildebrandt
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Autopsy-Proved Coronary Atherosclerosis in Marathon Runners
Authors: Timothy D. Noakes, Lionel H. Opie, Alan G. Rose, Pieter H. T. Kleynhans, Nico J. Schepers, Robert Dowdeswell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE relation between coronary-artery disease and marathon running is controversial. In 1961, the Journal published an article in which Currens and White discussed the autopsy findings on "Mr. Marathon"; the diameter of the coronary arteries was described as two to three times normal, and there was only minimal atherosclerosis.1 This description was adduced in support of the contention that athletes capable of covering the marathon distance (42 km, or 26.2 miles) are immune to coronary atherosclerosis.2 , 3 Two recent autopsy reports on marathon runners appear to support this hypothesis: in one, fatal myocardial infarction developed but the coronary arteries were normal . . .
The high-quality draft genome of peach (Prunus persica) identifies unique patterns of genetic diversity, domestication and genome evolution
Authors: Ignazio Verde, Albert G Abbott, Simone Scalabrin, Sook Jung, Shengqiang Shu, Fabio Marroni, Tatyana Zhebentyayeva, Maria Teresa Dettori, Jane Grimwood, Federica Cattonaro, Andrea Zuccolo, Laura Rossini, Jerry Jenkins, Elisa Vendramin, Lee A Meisel, Veronique Decroocq, Bryon Sosinski, Simon Prochnik, Therese Mitros, Alberto Policriti, Guido Cipriani, Luca Dondini, Stephen Ficklin, David M Goodstein, Pengfei Xuan, Cristian Del Fabbro, Valeria Aramini, Dario Copetti, Susana Gonzalez, David S Horner, Rachele Falchi, Susan Lucas, Erica Mica, Jonathan Maldonado, Barbara Lazzari, Douglas Bielenberg, Raul Pirona, Mara Miculan, Abdelali Barakat, Raffaele Testolin, Alessandra Stella, Stefano Tartarini, Pietro Tonutti, Pere Arús, Ariel Orellana, Christina Wells, Dorrie Main, Giannina Vizzotto, Herman Silva, Francesco Salamini, Jeremy Schmutz, Michele Morgante, Daniel S Rokhsar
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)

The International Peach Genome Initiative reports the high quality draft genome sequence of peach (Prunus persica). They also resequenced ten additional P. persica accessions, as well as those of Prunus ferganensis, Prunus kansuensis, Prunus davidiana and Prunus mira. Rosaceae is the most important fruit-producing clade, and its key commercially relevant genera (Fragaria, Rosa, Rubus and Prunus) show broadly diverse growth habits, fruit types and compact diploid genomes. Peach, a diploid Prunus species, is one of the best genetically characterized deciduous trees. Here we describe the high-quality genome sequence of peach obtained from a completely homozygous genotype. We obtained a complete chromosome-scale assembly using Sanger whole-genome shotgun methods. We predicted 27,852 protein-coding genes, as well as noncoding RNAs. We investigated the path of peach domestication through whole-genome resequencing of 14 Prunus accessions. The analyses suggest major genetic bottlenecks that have substantially shaped peach genome diversity. Furthermore, comparative analyses showed that peach has not undergone recent whole-genome duplication, and even though the ancestral triplicated blocks in peach are fragmentary compared to those in grape, all seven paleosets of paralogs from the putative paleoancestor are detectable.
IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A TYPICAL (S-PRODUCING) AND A DEGRADED (NON-S-PRODUCING) STRAIN OF TYPE II PNEUMOCOCCUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES
Authors: Emidio L. Gaspari, William L. Fleming, James M. Neill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The loss of the specialized function of S production by Type II pneumococcus was accompanied by a loss of the antigenic properties involved in both active and passive protection of mice. Absorption of Type II serum with S-producing pneumococci removed all the protective antibodies, as well as the type-specific agglutinins and S precipitins. The same absorption treatment of the serum by non-S-producing pneumococci failed entirely to remove the type-specific antibodies and did not affect the protective value of the serum. Absorption with bacteria-free culture fluids containing the reactive carbohydrate removed the protective antibodies as completely as absorption with the whole bacterial cells of type-specific strains. The results taken as a whole indicate that the antibodies involved in the usual protection of mice against Type II pneumococci are closely related, if not identical, to the specific anticarbohydrate precipitin.
The Cancer Treatment Revolution
Authors: James R. Egner
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A return to "health as a right" is needed to reduce inequalities, says report
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The current global economic model needs fundamental change if the goal of health equity worldwide is ever to be reached, the third edition of the Global Health Watch report warns.

The report, written by academics and activists worldwide and billed as an “Alternative World Health report,” argues that the failure of the current economic system, ongoing financial, food, and fuel crises, and the challenges of climate change and poverty mean that global health has not improved as it could.

Marion Birth, director of Medact, one of several international health charities coordinating the report, said, “By exposing the link between the health of individuals and a system based …