tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An unusual variety of atrioventricular nodal re-entry due to retrograde dual atrioventricular nodal pathways.
Authors: D Wu, P Denes, F Amat-Y-Leon, C R Wyndham, R Dhingra, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Three patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) had discontinuous ventriculo-artrial conduction curves (V1-V2, A1-A2), suggesting dual A-V nodal pathways. Ventricular echoes occurred simultaneously with sudden increase of V-A interval. These echoes were characterized by retrograde P waves occurring in front of QRS, suggesting utilization of a slow pathway for retrograde conduction and a fast pathway for antegrade conduction. In case one, atropine improved retrograde slow pathway and antegrade fast pathway conduction and made A-V nodal re-entry sustained, resulting in PSVT (with retrograde P in front of the QRS). In cases 2 and 3, atropine markedly shortened retrograde fast pathway refractory period and slightly improved antegrade slow pathway conduction. The discontinuous V1-V2, A1-A2 curves and echoes were no longer demonstrable. However, with improvement of retrograde fast pathway and antegrade slow pathway conduction, A-V nodal re-entrant echoes and PSVT were observed, utilizing the slow pathway for antegrade conduction and the fast pathway for retrograde conduction (P simultaneous with QRS).
Inadequacy of information on side effects.
Authors: L Beeley
Journal: BMJ (1978)

justifiably concerned that her baby was convulsing in utero.It was subsequently noticed that her baby was frequently affected by hiccups following a feed.The hiccups occurred at a rate of one per second and lasted for several minutes at a time; this phenomenon persisted to the age of three months.It is known that the fetus drinks liquor in utero, and hiccups have been demonstrated by real-time ultrasound scanning.'Hiccuping in utero might explain the observations of these mothers and such an explanation by her doctor would help to allay genuine anxieties.Real-time scanning would be valuable to confirm this diagnosis when the technique is available.
Which Is Benign and Which Is a Very Malignant Tumor?
Authors: Harvey Blank
Journal: JAMA (1961)

About 3 months ago, the patient noticed a discoloration under the nail which bled easily and slowly enlarged with loss of the nail plate. The dark color appeared to be old blood rather than melanin. A biopsy was reported as nonspecific inflammation, but a subsequent specimen was typical of malignant melanoma. Immediate amputation of the finger with dissection and removal of regional lymph nodes was done. Although there appears to be an increasing percentage of 5-year survival following treatment of malignant melanoma, one must realize that an accurate microscopic diagnosis of this disease can be extremely difficult. A false impression of better results could be gained if benign lesions, such as nevi or juvenile melanoma, were mistakenly called melanoma. The case shown is a "melanotic whitlow," which has fascinated physicians out of proportion to its incidence. Several weeks ago, the patient stubbed his toe so hard as to break the
Orthographic consistency and parafoveal preview benefit: A resource-sharing account of language differences in processing of phonological and semantic codes
Authors: Jochen Laubrock, Sven Hohenstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Parafoveal preview benefit (PB) is an implicit measure of lexical activation in reading. PB has been demonstrated for orthographic and phonological but not for semantically related information in English. In contrast, semantic PB is obtained in German and Chinese. We propose that these language differences reveal differential resource demands and timing of phonological and semantic decoding in different orthographic systems.
An investigation into the effect of ischaemia and pressure on irritant inflammation
Authors: R. PARSLEW, I. BRAITHWAITE, L. KLENERMAN, P. FRIEDMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Reports of chemical burns beneath tourniquets during orthopaedic procedures led us to explore the irritant effects produced by the skin antiseptics used during such procedures. A sphygmomanometer and tourniquet, at a pressure of 200 mmHg for 30 min, was used to created pressure and ischaemia which were then examined separately for their respective effects on irritant inflammation in normal subjects and those with atopic eczema. As no inflammation could be demonstrated with the antiseptics, we subsequently used the known irritant chemical anthralin to examine the effect of ischaemia with and without pressure. Site-related variation in anthralin-induced inflammation was observed but there was no demonstrable effect of either pressure or ischaemia on the inflammatory response. Therefore, as we are unable to show a relationship between ischaemia with or without pressure and irritant inflammation, we conclude that burns under tourniquets are likely to be idiosyncratic reactions and their further investigation requires examination of the individuals affected.
On a Remarkable Chromogenic and Pathogenic Bacillus Perhaps Identical with B. Chromo-Aromaticus (Galtier): Read in the Section of Pathology at the Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association, Held at Bristol, August, 1894
Authors: E. J. McWeeney
Journal: BMJ (1894)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Motivation</h3> Droplet based single cell RNA-seq (dscRNA-seq) data is being generated at an unprecedented pace, and the accurate estimation of gene level abundances for each cell is a crucial first step in most dscRNA-seq analyses. When preprocessing the raw dscRNA-seq data to generate a count matrix, care must be taken to account for the potentially large number of multi-mapping locations per read. The sparsity of dscRNA-seq data, and the strong 3’ sampling bias, makes it difficult to disambiguate cases where there is no uniquely mapping read to any of the candidate target genes. <h3>Results</h3> We introduce a Bayesian framework for information sharing across cells within a sample, or across multiple modalities of data using the same sample, to improve gene quantification estimates for dscRNA-seq data. We use an anchor-based approach to connect cells with similar gene expression patterns, and learn informative, empirical priors which we provide to alevin’s gene multi-mapping resolution algorithm. This improves the quantification estimates for genes with no uniquely mapping reads (i.e. when there is no unique intra-cellular information). We show our new model improves the per cell gene level estimates and provides a principled framework for information sharing across multiple modalities. We test our method on a combination of simulated and real datasets under various setups. <h3>Availability</h3> The information sharing model is included in alevin and is implemented in C++14. It is available as open-source software, under GPL v3, at https://github.com/COMBINE-lab/salmon as of version 1.1.0. <h3>Contact</h3> asrivastava@cs.stonybrook.edu, rob@cs.umd.edu
Concern grows over health of Australia's refugee population
Authors: N. Swan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Although details of the medical condition of 433 refugees transferred from the Norwegian cargo ship, the Tampa, off Christmas Island, have yet to emerge, within Australia itself concern is growing over the health of 2500 asylum seekers—500 of them children—held in former army camps.

Australia is the only country in the world with mandatory indefinite detention for asylum seekers who arrive without permission. They are locked away in camps around the country …
Genetic, Biochemical, and Environmental Factors Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes in Newborns from the Czech Republic
Authors: Pavel Rossner, Nana Tabashidze, Miroslav Dostal, Zuzana Novakova, Irena Chvatalova, Milada Spatova, Radim J. Sram
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Oxidative damage to placental DNA can result in negative pregnancy outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight (LBW).We investigated associations between the levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2´-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, in placental DNA, exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy, genetic polymorphisms in 94 selected genes, and pregnancy outcomes.We studied 891 newborns who were IUGR- or LBW-affected or normal weight and were born between 1994 and 1999 in the Czech Republic in two districts with different levels of air pollution.We found nonsignificantly elevated 8-oxodG levels in the IUGR-affected group compared with the non-IUGR group (p = 0.055). Similarly, slightly elevated 8-oxodG levels were found in the LBW-affected group compared with the non-LBW group (p < 0.050). In univariate analyses, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 8-oxodG levels, IUGR, and LBW. Exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 µm was associated with increased 8-oxodG levels in placental DNA and LBW. However, multivariate-adjusted logistic regression revealed that above-median 8-oxodG levels were the only factor significantly associated with IUGR [OR = 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-2.37; p = 0.022]. Above-median levels of 8-oxodG were associated with LBW (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.15-3.06; p = 0.011). Other variables associated with LBW included sex and gestational age of the newborn, maternal smoking, and haplotypes in the promoter region of the gene encoding mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2). The role of air pollutants in the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes seemed to be less important.Levels of 8-oxodG in placental DNA were associated with the risk of IUGR as well as LBW. Newborn's sex, gestational age, maternal smoking, and genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MBL2 gene were associated with LBW incidence.
The New Fertility Testing Tape
Authors: A. R. Abarbanel
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To  Editor:—  InThe Journal, April 16, 1960, p. 744, Drs. Doyle, Evers, and Sapit report on The New Fertility Testing Tape, stating that a paper tape impregnated with glucose oxidase and a peroxidase will turn from pink to blue in  presence of glucose. In  cervical mucus,  glucose is alleged to be derived partly from  follicular fluid, although  possibility of some glucose being derived from glycolysis within  fundus and cervix is postulated. They recommend  use of a special vaginal applicator to hold  testing paper. If, after 3 minutes in  vagina, it turns blue,  woman is presumed to be in the fertile phase of  menstrual cycle.  Based on such assumptions,  Fertility Testor Company recently placed large advertisements in  Los Angeles Times insinuating that this technique would serve as an accurate method for contraception as well as conception,
Liver dysfunction in residents exposed to leachate from a toxic waste dump.
Authors: C R Meyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

It has been estimated that there are some 30,000 chemical waste dumps in the United States. Many of these landfill operations were undertaken in the early 1950s and 1960s, when knowledge regarding the safe and prolonged containment of the waste buried was nonexistent or minimal at best. As a result, many of these dump sites were located in areas that were geologically unsuitable for toxic chemical wastes. The Love Canal area in Niagara Falls, NY, is probably the best known of these dump sites. While a few of these sites have attracted wide media coverage, the availability of objective scientific information regarding the health effects of such sites has been deficient. The present study of a large toxic waste dump located in Hardeman County, TN, its contamination of surface and underground aquifers and the health effects on the area residents exposed via ingestion of contaminated water, offers the first objective evidence of organ dysfunction in such a human population. During this study comprehensive evaluation of that population revealed multiple symptoms, evidence of hepatomegaly and elevated liver function tests apparently caused by ingestion of water contaminated by numerous organic chemicals, many of which are known to be hepatotoxins.
Characterization of a recurrent translocation t(2;3)(p15–22;q26) occurring in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: M Trubia, F Albano, F Cavazzini, G R Cambrin, G Quarta, F Fabbiano, F Ciambelli, D Magro, J M Hernandez, M Mancini, D Diverio, P G Pelicci, F L Coco, C Mecucci, G Specchia, M Rocchi, V Liso, G Castoldi, A Cuneo
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Factitious Hypoglycemia Due to Surreptitious Administration of Insulin
Authors: GEORGE GRUNBERGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Ten patients had factitious hypoglycemia due to surreptitious insulin injections diagnosed and were followed for up to 15 years (median, 5 years; range, 2 months to 15 years). When available, demonstration of anti-insulin antibodies was the most helpful diagnostic test. Decreased plasma C-peptide levels corroborated the diagnosis. Young women (nine of ten) with knowledge of the medical profession or relatives with diabetes mellitus predominated in the sample. Five of the patients had a history of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus. Two patients eventually committed suicide despite the best efforts at therapy. Only three of ten patients made a successful transition into productive life after the diagnosis of factitious hypoglycemia was established. Factitious hypoglycemia remains a difficult diagnosis to make, and the long-term outcome after the diagnosis is established is unpredictable. All efforts have to be made to confirm the diagnosis before the patients are approached. The confrontation is to be made by an experienced team of health care professionals who have gained the patient's confidence through an understanding but firm manner. Long-term therapy must be planned and initiated before the patient's discharge.
Abstract P5-18-08: Identification of ErbB2 function in the heart: implication for anti-ErbB2 therapy in breast cancer
Authors: M-C Perry, LJ Eichner, CR Dufour, WJ Muller, V Giguère
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is essential for cardiac development during embryogenesis. The importance of its signaling in the adult heart was revealed by an unexpected cardiotoxic side effect of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against ErbB2 used in the treatment of breast cancer. Considering that trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity is usually largely reversible, we hypothesized that ErbB2 signaling in the heart is important to maintain cardiac homeostasis. As genetic experiments showed that ErbB2-deficient embryos die at mid-gestation, whereas conditional inactivation of ErbB2 in the heart leads to early and severe cardiac dysfunction, the role of ErbB2 in the mature heart can not be analyzed in those animal models. Thus, we chose an ErbB2 hypomorph (HP) mouse model in which ErbB2 is expressed at only 10% of its endogenous level to study the role of ErbB2 in the adult heart. Histopathological analyses of the heart in this model revealed that at birth, the ErbB2 HP mice have similar heart mass and cardiomyocite size as the control animals. However, we found that the rapid growth of the heart during early postnatal development is impaired in ErbB2 HP mice, indicating that the heart is unable to increase cell size in order to adapt to the pressure overload that mice face following birth. This incapacity of the ErbB2 HP heart to maintain homeostasis eventually leads to the development of cardiac dysfunction in this model, as characterized by a decrease of the left ventricular function. Microarray and ChIP-seq analyses were applied to identify the ErbB2-responsive pathways which may explain the phenotype observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ErbB2 signaling is required for the physiological adaptive response of the mature heart to pressure burden. The results generated by this study reveal the biological function of Erbb2 in the adult heart, but also provide important information for devising strategies to prevent and mitigate the cardiotoxic effects of Trastuzumab treatment, allowing for the potential use of this drug to treat all cancer patients overexpressing ErbB2. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-08.
882 Familial intrahepatic cholestasis: mutation detection in the Saudi Arabian and Israeli populations
Authors: A ANTONIOU, S STRAUTNIEKS, L BULL, J VARGAS, L PAWLIKOWSKA, J BYRNE, C HARTMAN, H HEBBY, A BASSAS, A KAGALWALLA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Mutations in the human ferrochelatase gene (FECH) are the primary cause of the inborn disorder erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). While the majority of the EPP patients exhibit only photosensitivity, a small percentage of patients (∼2%) develop liver complications in addition to the cutaneous symptoms. In this study, the FECH gene of an Israeli EPP patient who suffered from EPP-related liver complications was sequenced. A splicing defect IVS10+1, g→t, which is known to cause the deletion of exon 10, was identified in the index patient as well as in his symptomatic older sister and his asymptomatic mother. Like the other 12 known FECH mutations associated with liver complications, IVS10+1, g→t is a “null-allele” mutation. Although the two siblings with overt EPP share an identical genotype with respect to both the mutation on one FECH allele and three intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms, −251G, IVS1-23T, and IVS3-48C on the other allele, the sister of the index patient has so far shown no signs of liver involvement, suggesting that additional factors might account for the liver disease in EPP.
Correction: Busulphan and Phenytoin
Authors: Andrew P. Grigg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 February 1990Correction: Busulphan and PhenytoinAndrew P. Grigg, MDAndrew P. Grigg, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-4-313_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:There is an error in the letter (1) published in the 15 December 1989 issue. In the last paragraph, the loading dose of phenytoin should have been 18 mg/kg rather than 18 mg....Reference1. GriggShepherdPhillips AJG. Busulphan and phenytoin. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:1049-50. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Leukemia and Bone Transplantation Program of British Columbia Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E3, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1990Volume 112, Issue 4Page: 313-313 Issue Published: 15 February 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sickness certification system in the United Kingdom
Authors: Graeme Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—No one is in a better position to issue a sickness certificate than a general practitioner.1 He or she has the information at hand and sometimes good knowledge of the patient. Independent examination would be an unmanageable system with constant requests for the general practitioner's opinion and records.

My role in sickness certification has made me realise that general practitioners are not patient advocates but an essential part of society's machine. People need somewhere to go when they are ill or believe themselves to be ill or even if they are swinging the lead. As general practitioners we are an essential part of the system that tries to ensure people are using the country's resources appropriately. The government drops our gatekeeping role at its peril.

The ability to negotiate a sick note and to know how to balance what is best for the patient—for example, perhaps not adopting the sick role—and what is best for the system is a huge responsibility and intellectually quite challenging if thought through in terms of the patient and society.

A lack of ability to confront patients is a deficiency in general practitioners' skills. The epidemic of illness behaviour and sick role adoption is partly our fault.
Enzymatic methyl esterification of erythrocyte membrane proteins is impaired in chronic renal failure. Evidence for high levels of the natural inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine.
Authors: A F Pema, D Ingrosso, V Zappia, P Galletti, G Capasso, N G De Santo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The enzyme protein carboxyl methyltransferase type II has been recently shown to play a crucial role in the repair of damaged proteins. S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is the methyl donor of the reaction, and its demethylated product, S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), is the natural inhibitor of this reaction, as well as of most AdoMet-dependent methylations. We examined erythrocyte membrane protein methyl esterification in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on conservative treatment or hemodialyzed to detect possible alterations of the methylation pattern, in a condition where a state of disrupted red blood cell function is present. We observed a significant reduction in membrane protein methyl esterification in both groups, compared to control. The decrease was particularly evident for cytoskeletal component ankyrin, which is known to be involved in membrane stability and integrity. Moreover, we observed a severalfold rise in AdoHcy levels, while AdoMet concentration was comparable to that detected in the control, resulting in a lower [AdoMet]/[AdoHcy] ratio (P < 0.001). Our findings show an impairment of this posttranslational modification of proteins, associated with high AdoHcy intracellular concentration in CRF. The data are consistent with the notion that, in CRF, structural damages accumulate in erythrocyte membrane proteins, and are not adequately repaired.
Clinical Trends in Orthopaedics
Authors: M. Mark Hoffer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is the report of 39 leading orthopedic surgeons, hand surgeons, and basic scientists celebrating the 62nd Annual Alumni Meeting of the Hospital for Special Surgery in 1980. There are three sections on fracture healing, two on hand replantation, three on new radiological techniques, two on children's orthopedics, three on musculoskeletal tumors, four on biomechanics, four on the knee, three on arthroplasty, four on the spine, and three on basic sciences. Most of the articles are well written, well organized, and thoroughly documented. The sections on electrically induced osteogenesis, fracture bracing, intervention radiology, gait analysis, and knee ligament reconstruction are all classics and alone justify the price of the text. Unfortunately, as with any compendium involving many authors, the quality is uneven. The diagrams are excellent, but many of the photographs did not reproduce well. This is especially true of those involving hand surgical and arthroscopy procedures. Some of the