tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Responses of B16 melanoma cell lines, F1 and F10, to hyperthermia, lymphokine-activated killer cells and a combination of both in vitro
Authors: J. NAKAYAMA, Y. MOROI, A. TOSHITANI, S. TANIGUCHI, M. OKAMOTO-INOUE, Y. HORI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The cytolytic and/or cytostatic effects of hyperthermia, lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells) and the combination of both were assayed using F1 and F10 B16 melanoma cell lines. F10 cells with a high metastatic potential showed a greater sensitivity to hyperthermia than F1 cells which have low metastatic potential. The F10 cells were lysed to a lesser extent by LAK cells than the F1-B16 cells. When the cell lines were subjected to hyperthermia at 43 degrees C for 3 h and then interacted with LAK cells, the maximum cytolysis reached almost 100%. When the interaction with LAK cells was followed by hyperthermia at 43 degrees C, the total release of 51Cr from the cell lines was 75-85%. The extent of 51Cr release from the B16 melanoma cell lines was inversely correlated with the survival rate as calculated by the plating efficiency of the incubated cells. The survival rate of mice intravenously injected with B16-F10 cells and subjected to hyperthermia at 41 degrees C for 3 h in vitro increased compared to that of controls. This was further increased by the simultaneous administration of LAK cells.
The Handling of Emotional Problems by the Family Physician
Authors: C. Knight Aldrich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

TRADITIONALLY in medicine, the family physician has functioned not only as a doctor but as an adviser, friend and counselor. It has become a truism that the family physician was the predecessor of the psychiatrist, and from his point of view psychosomatic medicine is not new. Physicians in general practice1 have reported that a third or more of the patients who come to their offices have no signs of organic illness; another third have symptoms out of proportion to the organic findings; and even in the remaining third, emotional problems are more often than not brought about by the organic . . .
Studies on the Suppression of Immune Responses by the Periwinkle Alkaloids Vincristine and Vinblastine*
Authors: Alan C. Aisenberg, Barbara Wilkes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

It has been possible to achieve chemical suppression of immunological responsiveness by several classes of compounds.The most successful drugs used in the past have been the alkylating agents (1), the antipurines (2), the folic acid antagonists (3, 4), and actinomycin D (5, 6).Further study of the problem of chemical immune suppression is warranted both because of the fundamental information about immune responsiveness that may be gained from such investiga- tions and because of the continuing clinical need for effective agents.In the present report we described our results in the rat with vincristine and vinblastine,' ex- amples of a new class of immunosuppressive drugs (7).Derived from the common periwinkle plant Vinca rosea and chemically characterized as di- meric alkaloids containing both the indole and di- hydroindole moieties (8), the compounds were discovered independently by Noble, Beer, and Cutts (9)2 and a group of investigators including Johnson, Armstrong, Gorman, and Burnett (8, 10).3Because these drugs have been shown to be effective against a variety of experimental ( 11) and human lymphoid neoplasms (8,12,13), it ap- peared logical to try them as inhibitors of im- mune responses.We have found that not only do they inhibit antibody formation, delayed hy- persensitivity, and homograft rejection, but they promptly suppress established delayed hyper- sensitivity.Furthermore, since one of the drugs
Bovine Herpesvirus 4 Induces Apoptosis of Human Carcinoma Cell Lines <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Laurent Gillet, Benjamin Dewals, Frédéric Farnir, Laurence de Leval, Alain Vanderplasschen
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The idea of using oncolytic viruses for the treatment of cancers was proposed a century ago. During the last two decades, viruses able to replicate specifically in cancer cells and to induce their lysis were identified and were genetically modified to improve their viro-oncolytic properties. More recently, a new approach consisting of inducing selective apoptosis in cancer cells through viral infection has been proposed; this approach has been called viro-oncoapoptosis. In the present study, we report the property of bovine herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4) to induce, in vitro and in vivo, apoptosis of some human carcinomas. This conclusion relies on the following observations: (a) In vitro, BoHV-4 infection induced apoptosis of A549 and OVCAR carcinoma cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (b) Apoptosis was induced by the expression of an immediate-early or an early BoHV-4 gene, but did not require viral replication. (c) Cell treatment with caspase inhibitors showed that apoptosis induced by BoHV-4 relied mainly on caspase-10 activation. (d) Infection of cocultures of A549 or OVCAR cells mixed with human 293 cells (in which BoHV-4 does not induce apoptosis) showed that BoHV-4 specifically eradicated A549 or OVCAR cancer cells from the cocultures. (e) Finally, in vivo experiments done with nude mice showed that BoHV-4 intratumoral injections reduced drastically the growth of preestablished A549 xenografts. Taken together, these results suggest that BoHV-4 may have potential as a viro-oncoapoptotic agent for the treatment of some human carcinomas. Moreover, further identification of BoHV-4 proapoptotic gene(s) and the cellular pathways targeted by this or these gene(s) could lead to the design of new cancer therapeutic strategies.
Extracellular ATP Inhibits Adrenergic Agonist–Induced Hypertrophy of Neonatal Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Jing-Sheng Zheng, Marvin O. Boluyt, Xilin Long, Lydia O’Neill, Edward G. Lakatta, Michael T. Crow
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

We have previously shown that extracellular ATP, like norepinephrine (NE) and many other hypertrophy-inducing agents, increases expression of the immediate-early genes c-fos and junB in cultured neonatal cardiac myocytes but that the intracellular signaling pathways activated by ATP and responsible for these changes differ from those stimulated by NE. Furthermore, whereas NE increases incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine (14C-Phe) and cell size in neonatal cardiomyocytes, ATP does not. Since ATP is coreleased with NE from sympathetic nerve endings in the heart, we investigated whether ATP could modulate cardiac hypertrophy induced by adrenergic agonists, such as NE. We report in the present study that extracellular ATP inhibited the increase in incorporation of 14C-Phe into cellular protein and the increase in cell size in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes that was induced by NE, phenylephrine (PE), basic fibroblast growth factor, or endothelin-1. This inhibition was dose dependent, occurred predominantly through P2 purinergic receptors, and was observed even when cells were treated with ATP for as little as 1 hour before the addition of the hypertrophy-inducing agent. ATP also selectively affected changes in gene expression associated with hypertrophy. It prevented PE-stimulated increases in atrial natriuretic factor and myosin light chain-2 mRNA levels, while appearing to augment basal and PE-stimulated skeletal alpha-actin mRNA levels. ATP alone increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase mRNA levels but had no effect when added with PE. ATP did not significantly affect the level of the constitutively expressed mRNA for GAPDH. Neither the PE-stimulated increase in immediate-early gene expression nor the initial induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity by PE was inhibited by ATP. These results demonstrate that extracellular ATP can inhibit hypertrophic growth of neonatal cardiac myocytes and differentially alter the changes in gene expression that accompany hypertrophy.
MUC1 Is a Potential Target for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells
Authors: Dina Stroopinsky, Jacalyn Rosenblatt, Keisuke Ito, Heidi Mills, Li Yin, Hasan Rajabi, Baldev Vasir, Turner Kufe, Katarina Luptakova, Jon Arnason, Caterina Nardella, James D. Levine, Robin M. Joyce, Ilene Galinsky, Yoram Reiter, Richard M. Stone, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Donald Kufe, David Avigan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy of stem cells with an unlimited capacity for self-renewal. MUC1 is a secreted, oncogenic mucin that is expressed aberrantly in AML blasts, but its potential uses to target AML stem cells have not been explored. Here, we report that MUC1 is highly expressed on AML CD34+/lineage−/CD38− cells as compared with their normal stem cell counterparts. MUC1 expression was not restricted to AML CD34+ populations as similar results were obtained with leukemic cells from patients with CD34− disease. Engraftment of AML stem cell populations that highly express MUC1 (MUC1high) led to development of leukemia in NOD-SCID IL2Rgammanull (NSG) immunodeficient mice. In contrast, MUC1low cell populations established normal hematopoiesis in the NSG model. Functional blockade of the oncogenic MUC1-C subunit with the peptide inhibitor GO-203 depleted established AML in vivo, but did not affect engraftment of normal hematopoietic cells. Our results establish that MUC1 is highly expressed in AML stem cells and they define the MUC1-C subunit as a valid target for their therapeutic eradication. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5569–79. ©2013 AACR.
Efficacy and Safety of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Urinary Incontinence Due to Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Francisco Cruz, Sender Herschorn, Philip Aliotta, Mitchell Brin, Catherine Thompson, Wayne Lam, Grace Daniell, John Heesakkers, Cornelia Haag-Molkenteller
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Transcriptional Regulation of β-Secretase by p25/cdk5 Leads to Enhanced Amyloidogenic Processing
Authors: Yi Wen, W. Haung Yu, Bryan Maloney, Jason Bailey, Junrong Ma, Isabelle Marié, Thomas Maurin, Lili Wang, Helen Figueroa, Mathieu Herman, Pavan Krishnamurthy, Li Liu, Emmanuel Planel, Lit-Fui Lau, Debomoy K. Lahiri, Karen Duff
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Treatment of Choriocarcinoma with a Combination of Cytotoxic Drugs
Authors: K. D. Bagshawe, J. M. McDonald
Journal: BMJ (1960)

It is known that both normal embryonic development in the rat and growth of the female genital tract are dependent upon the availability of folie acid (Nelson and Evans, 1949; Hertz and Tullner, 1949). It was therefore postulated by Hertz and his colleagues (Li et al, 1956; Hertz et al, 1958) that trophoblastic tumours originating in the foetal chorion might prove sensitive to folic-acid antagonists. These workers intro duced the administration of anti-folic-acid therapy to patients with malignant trophoblastic tumours and reported five complete remissions and 17 partial remissions in a series of 27 cases. Resistance to folic acid antagonists appeared to develop during therapy in some of their patients. By crude analogy with the antibiotics, it seemed likely that resistance to cytotoxic substances, especially those with an antimetabolite action, would develop less readily when used in combination. There is also some experimental evidence which suggests that combinations of cytotoxic drugs may be more effective than the same drugs used alone (Skipper et al., 1954). Augmented toxic effects on normal tissues would also be expected. The use of a combination of drugs administered concurrently in the treatment of two cases of pulmonary hypertension due to trophoblastic tumours was described briefly by Bagshawe and Brooks (1959). The present paper describes the results of combined cytotoxic therapy in six patients who had chorionic growths. Clearly the use of such combinations of drugs is largely empirical, and much work will be required to find the best combinations. The drugs chosen in the first stage of this study were the folic-acid antagonist methotrexate (4-amino-N10-methylpteroylglutamic acid), which Blocks the conversion of folie to folinic acid, and 6-mercapto purine. The latter drug has also been shown to exert a severe toxic effect on foetal tissues and acts as an antagonist of hypoxanthine and adenine. It was also decided that, should resistance to this combination of drugs develop, then a drug of the nitrogen-mustard group, such as chlorambucil, would be employed in place of the 6-mercaptopurine.
Human atrial natriuretic factor and renin-aldosterone in paracetamol induced fulminant hepatic failure.
Authors: M Z Panos, J V Anderson, A Forbes, N Payne, J D Slater, L Rees, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1991)

It has been postulated that deficiency of a putative natriuretic factor, or resistance to such a factor, may contribute to sodium retention in fulminant hepatic failure. Levels of plasma human atrial natriuretic factor (h-ANF), plasma renin activity, and aldosterone concentration were measured in 33 patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to paracetamol overdose, and 12 healthy control subjects. Levels of h-ANF were raised only in patients with evidence of severe renal impairment (serum creatinine greater than 300 mumol/l and urine output less than 100 ml/24 hours). h-ANF values were median 4.15, range 2-9 pmol/l and 10.1, 1-25 pmol/l for the control and severe renal impairment groups respectively (p less than 0.001). In the latter plasma renin activity was raised compared to that in control subjects (median 19.8, range 1.04-41.7 and 2.86, 1.87-5.9 pmol/l/h respectively, p less than 0.02). Plasma aldosterone concentration was also raised in patients (2176, 199-6894 pmol/l compared to 368, 133-578 pmol/l in control subjects, p less than 0.01). Haemodialysis induced changes in circulating h-ANF which correlated with volume and right atrial pressure changes (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05 respectively). In six patients with no or mild renal failure infusion of 900 ml 5% human albumin solution caused a significant increase in plasma h-ANF (p less than 0.05) without natriuresis or diuresis, a finding compatible with the hypothesis that there may be resistance to h-ANF in this group. The present findings indicate that there is no deficiency of h-ANF in fulminant hepatic failure and that known mechanisms of h-ANF release are not impaired.
The Impact of Dream Interpretation Using Psychological Kinesiology on the Frequency of Recurring Dreams
Authors: Douglas E. Webb, Jr., Joen Fagan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Subjects reporting a recurring dream at least 4 times a month for a year or more were assigned to a dream recording control group and an experimental group which used muscle testing to guide dream interpretation. Dream frequency was recorded prior to and following a dream interpretation intervention (experimental subjects) or dream reporting session (control subjects). Dream frequency declined in the experimental group, suggesting that recurring dream frequency is a useful dependent variable, and that psychological kinesiology dream interpretation is a powerful intervention.
Expression of the Gene for Multidrug-Resistance–Associated Protein and Outcome in Patients with Neuroblastoma
Authors: Murray D. Norris, Sharon B. Bordow, Glenn M. Marshall, Paul S. Haber, Susan L. Cohn, Michelle Haber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Overexpression of the gene for the multidrug-resistance–associated protein (MRP) has been linked with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents (multidrug resistance) in vitro. The expression of MRP by neuroblastoma cells correlates with N-myc oncogene amplification, a well-established prognostic indicator in patients with neuroblastoma.
Report of Committee on Blood Vessel Banks
Authors: JERE W. LORD, ROBERT E. GROSS, CHARLES A. HUFNAGEL, ABEL A. LAZZARINI
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of segmental lesions of large blood vessels have created a need for storage of arterial and venous grafts and plastic prostheses. It has been the purpose of this paper to describe in some detail the problems and technics of procurement, sterilization, preservation and utilization of arterial and venous grafts. Emphasis has been placed on the need for bacteriologic and histologic safeguards in the maintenance of a blood vessel bank. A brief section was devoted to the current status of plastic prostheses. Finally, it is of considerable importance to recognize the fact that this is a new field which is being subjected to intensive study and that advances and modifications will be forthcoming. Therefore, this paper represents an interim rather than a final report.
Is Psychiatry as Establishment an Effective Force?
Authors: MILTON H. MILLER, JAMES AUERBACH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

At the completion of APA's two-year focus on "Alternatives to Violence," the authors assess this effort as it was pursued at the district branch level. They compare the different strategies (both unsuccessful) used by two hypothetical district branches and contrast them with a similar effort by a community organizer that, while it met with some success, had little influence with the holders of power in the community. The authors advance some recommendations for assessing the APA effort and learning from both successes and failures.
Conservative Management of Esophageal Perforations During Pneumatic Dilation for Idiopathic Esophageal Achalasia
Authors: Tim Vanuytsel, Toni Lerut, Willy Coosemans, Dirk Vanbeckevoort, Kathleen Blondeau, Guy Boeckxstaens, Jan Tack
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Immunochemical evidence for three Ia loci in the I-region of the H-2 complex.
Authors: T L Delovitch, D B Murphy, H O McDevitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Sequential immunoprecipitation analyses of Ia antigens were performed with 125I-labeled B10, B10.A(3R), and B10.A(5R) spleen cell lysates. The results suggest the presence of one I-region associated (Ia) locus (Ia-1) in the I-A subregion. In addition, they indicate that two Ia loci map between the I-J and S regions. One locus, Ia-5, maps in the I-E subregion. The second locus, most likely Ia-3, maps in either the I-E or I-C subregion. Taken together, the data demonstrate that at least three Ia loci in the I-region of the H-2 complex code for molecules detectable by immunoprecipitation.
The Mysterious Pulmonary Brush Cell
Authors: Lynne Reid, Barbara Meyrick, Veena B. Antony, Ling-Yi Chang, James D. Crapo, Herbert Y. Reynolds
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<ORGAN DISTRIBUTION OF BRU...REVIEW OF THE THREE TYPES...DISTRIBUTION OF LUNG BRUS...PROPOSED FUNCTIONS FOR LU...WORKING GROUP RECOMMENDAT...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Presumed consent for organ donation
Authors: Danielle Hamm, Juliet Tizzard
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Is an ethical and effective way of dealing with organ donation shortages

Last year, 1000 people in the United Kingdom died while on the organ transplant list or after being removed from the list because they became too ill. Had a system of presumed consent been in place, whereby adults are automatically registered as organ donors unless they opt out, many of these deaths may have been prevented.

Over the past year, opinion in the UK among the public, media, and politicians has shifted towards presumed consent, and the prime minister has pledged his support of such a system. A public opinion poll taken in October 2007 showed that 64% of respondents were in favour of a soft system of presumed consent, compared with 59% in 2004.1

Although 90% of the UK population is in favour of organ donation, only 24% has signed the Organ Donation Register.2 Currently, when …
Results of Open-Heart Surgery in Patients with Pulmonic Stenosis and Intact Ventricular Septum
Authors: RAJENDRA TANDON, ALEXANDER S. NADAS, ROBERT E. GROSS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A group of 108 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe pulmonic stenosis and intact ventricular septum, operated upon by means of a pump oxygenator between the years of 1957 and 1961, has been presented. The total mortality of the series was 2.77 per cent, and an additional 1.8 per cent were left with residual neurologic complications. Fifty per cent of the patients showed an excellent result as indicated by normal electrocardiograms or right ventricular pressure below 65 mm. Hg by cardiac catheterization. An additional 26 per cent had good results as indicated by the absence of symptoms, normal x-rays, mild electrocardiographic changes, and in three instances, slight right ventricular hypertension. Ten per cent had unsatisfactory results based on significant residual abnormalities in the electrocardiograms, x-rays, or postoperative catheterization data.
P3-14-12: Local Control of Primary Breast Cancer Treated with Radical Radiotherapy Alone after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.
Authors: A Makris, SP Li, D Ravichandran, PJ Ostler, M Pittam
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the local recurrence rates in a cohort of patients who achieved a complete clinical response (cCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and did not have surgery. Materials and Methods: 148 women who achieved a cCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were identified from a prospectively maintained database (1995-2011) of 667 patients. 122 patients went on to have surgery (either wide local excision or mastectomy) followed by radiotherapy. In 26 patients (median age 49, range 35–72 years; T2-T4, N0-N3, M0), no surgery was performed but all received radical radiotherapy. Surgery was avoided due to either physician or patient choice. Recurrence was defined as first relapse of disease, either local (ipsilateral breast and/or axilla) or distant. Results: All 26 patients who avoided surgery had neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 20 patients (77%) receiving anthracycline-based (FEC, FAC, ECF), 5 (19%) MMM and 1 (4%) CMF chemotherapy. The median number of cycles was 6 (range 4–8). Chemotherapy was followed by radical external beam radiotherapy to the breast +/− supraclavicular fossa and axilla (median dose delivered, 60Gy in 2Gy fractions). All were identified as operable at diagnosis including 3 patients who had supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. All 26 patients achieved a final cCR in the breast to chemotherapy. 21 patients had imaging with mammography and/or ultrasonography to assess radiological response at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, of which 19 had a complete response and 2, a partial response. After a median follow-up of 144 months, 10/26 (38%) patients experienced local disease recurrence (2 also had distant recurrence) and 4/26 (15%) patients with distant metastases only. Patients with local recurrence only, went on to have a mastectomy whilst those with distant disease received systemic therapy. There were 10 deaths, 9 of which were breast cancer related (33%). Conclusions: Local recurrence rates were high in patients achieving a cCR following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and who avoided surgery. Our practice has subsequently changed to include clip insertion and surgical excision on completion of chemotherapy. With increasing pathologic complete response rates to more active chemotherapy schedules (including taxanes +/− herceptin), it is being proposed that surgery could be avoided in selected patients. Our study shows that caution should be exercised. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-12.
Cover Story: Pitkin County
Authors: Al Van Cleven
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The response to my painting,<i>Pitkin County</i>, on the cover of the Sept 23 issue was a pleasant surprise. The many inquiries and compliments I received from physicians who saw the cover are both encouraging and rewarding. I thank the staff ofThe Journalfor its fine presentation of my painting.